PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT (BY THE HON. R. SEMPLE, MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1938 Session I, D-01

NEW ZEALAND.

PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT. 1938. BY THE Hon. R. SEMPLE, Minister of Public Works.

WELLINGTON. BY AUTHORITY: E. V. PAUL, GOVERNMENT PRINTER. 1938.

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INDEX. HON. MINISTER'S STATEMENT. pAOB Summary of Votes under Control of Minister of Public Works for Year ended 31st March, 1939 .. .. v Summary of Votes under Control of Ministers other than Minister of Public Works, Year ended 31st March, 1939 vi Finance Statement: Expenditure, 1937-38, Public Works Fund .. . . .. • ■ • • vm Receipts, Public Works Department. 1937-38 ..... .. •• ix Main Highways Hydro-electric Development .. .. .. • • • • • • • v.-Railway-construction .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ■ XVI Railways : Improvements and Additions to Open Lines .. .. . • • ■ • • • • xx Settlement and other Roads .. .. •• • • • • ;■ •• •• XXI Hawke's Bay Floods ... .. •• ■ •• •• •• xx '" Irrigation and Water-supply .. .. • • • • • ■ • • • ■ • • ■ • xxlv Pnblic Buildings-— New Departmental Buildings .. .. • • • • • • •• • ■ •• xxv " Courthouses .. .. • • ■ • • ■ • • • • • • • • • xx ™ Agricultural Buildings .. .. .. . • • ■ • ■ • • • • • • • • xxvm Prison Buildings .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • xxvlu Police Stations .. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • xxlx Post and Telegraph Buildings and Land .. .. .. . . .. • • • • • • xx i x Mental Hospitals .. .. . • ■ ■ • ■ • • • • • ■ • • • - ■ • xxx Health and Hospital Institutions .. .. . . . • • • • ■ • • • • • • xxx Education Buildings . . . • ■ • • ■ • • • • • • • • • • • ■ xxxl Establishment of Aerodromes and Subsidiary Services .. .. . . . ■ • • • • • • xxx i Telegraph Extensions .. .. . ■ • ■ • • • ■ ■ • • • • • ■ • xxxi i Tourist and Health Resorts .. • • • ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • xxx iv Land Improvement .. .. .. • • • • • • • • • ■ ■ • • • xxxlv Settlement of Unemployed Workers .. .. .. • • • • • ■ • ■ ■ • • • xxxv Plant and Mechanical Equipment .. .... •• •• •• •• xxx v Harbour-works .. .. .. • • ■ • • • • • • • • • ■ • • • xxxv 'i Lighthouses .. . . • • ■ • ■ • ■ • • • • ■ • • • • • • xxxvl Native Land Settlement .. .. ... —*. ' .. ... .. .. .. •• xxxvi GRAPHS. Annual Public Works Expenditure : Loan-money .. .. .. .. • ■ • • • • vi Graph of Receipts and Expenditure, Public Works Fund, Year .. .. .. .. .. ix Electric Supply— North Island System : Maximum Quarterly Loads ..... .. .. .. .. xii South Island System : Maximum Quarterly Loads .. . .. . . .. . • xiii Percentage earned on Operating Capital after paying Net Operating Expenses .. .. .. .. xiv Net Expenditure on Road-construction, including Main Highways,' for Years 1913-14 to 1938-39 .. .. xxii Irrigation Graph : Total area for which Irrigation Water is available .. .. . . . . .. xxvi TABLES. No. I.—Total Expenditure : Summary showing Total Expenditure out of Public Works Fund .. .. 1 No. 2. —Yearly Expenditure out of Public Works Fund (Geliefal Purposes Account), 1916-17 to 1937-38.. 2-7 No. 3. —Railways Statement showing Eip6ridituS'onjCoftstructi6h dißailways.t6 31st Mar.ch, 1938 .. 8-10 No. 4.—Expenditure and Liabilities on Public Buildingsout of Public Works Fund to 31st March, 1938 .. 11 No. s.—Development of Water-power : Statement of Accounts as at 31st March, 1938 .. .. .. 12-19 No 6 —Irrigation and Water-supply : Schedule of Schemes completed or under Construction at 31st March, 1938 20-22 -

TABLES—continued. PAGIj Electric Supply Tables as per index on page .. ■ • • • • • ■ • • • .. 119 Main Highways Tables— No. 1. —Annual Main Highways Accounts as at 31st March, 1938 .. .. .. • • • • 234-237 No. 2. —Length of Main Highways at 31st March, 1938 .. .. -. • • • • • • 238 No. 3. —Construction Work completed during the Year 1937-38 . . . . .. . • ■ • 238 No. 4. Lengths of Main Highways metalled and surfaced since Inception of Board's Operations (9th June, 1924) .. .. • • • • • • • • • • .. 239 No. s.—Maintenance of Main Highways (including Bridges) .. .. • • • • 239 No. t>.—Tests of Stone completed during Year ended 31st March, 1938 .. .. .. • • 240 APPENDICES. Appendix A.—Expenditure for the Year : Audited Statement of Expenditure out of Public Works l-'und for the Year 1937-38 .. .. . ■ • • ■ • •• • ■ • • 23 ~ 24 Appendix B.- —Annual Report on Public Works by the Engineer-in-Chief .. .. .. .. 25-76 Appendix o.—Annual Report on Public Buildings by the Government Architect .. .. . ■ 77-81 Appendix D.—Annual Report on Electrical Works and Water-power Schemes by the Chief Electrical Engineer 82-118 Appendix E.—Fourteenth Annual Report on Main Highways by the Main Highways Board . . .. 175-233

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1938. NEW ZEALAND.

PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT (BY THE HON. R. SEMPLE, MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS).

Mr. Speaker.,— This is the third occasion upon which I have been privileged to bring forward an annual statement of the progress made on public works and proposals contemplated for the ensuing year. The number of works of a necessary character which the ever-increasing development of the country demands has become so great that the number of men on public works has had to be increased during the year by upwards of two thousand. The works undertaken are to a great extent indirectly, and in most cases directly, remunerative or reproductive. The expenditure last year by the Public Works Department was a record one, the gross amount being £11,868,931. I feel sure, however, that the ability and experience of the officers of the Department, and the energy and willingness of its employees, have resulted in full value being obtained for every pound that has been expended. As far as possible all men are placed on co-operative contract at prices which necessitate a good day's work for a good day's pay, and no better incentive can be given to encourage a reasonable output than this well-tried system of employment. Wherever co-operative contract work is not feasible or advisable every effort has been made to obtain sufficient and competent supervision to ensure adequate results without undue hardship to any one. Under both systems full use has been made of modern plant and machinery on the principles set forth in my last year's statement. Here I indicated that some works might quite economically be carried on with a large proportion of man-power, but others again would simply result in wasteful expenditure unless machine-power was employed to its maximum capacity. Where this is the case my engineers have not hesitated to use a maximum amount of machinery and a minimum amount of man-power. The satisfactory progress made on all works undertaken throughout the year has shown that it is quite possible to employ a large body of men in conjunction with a comparatively large amount of machinery. It must be freely admitted, however, that in the classes of work likely to be undertaken in the future machinery must play an ever-increasing part if such works are to prove reasonably productive or remunerative.

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Where it has been desirable and possible to entirely employ machinery the saving in the cost of works has been remarkable, and I would instance irrigation and aerodrome-construction work in this respect. On the latter the work required is of such a nature that manual labour is quite prohibitive in cost, while the former, in many cases, cannot be undertaken at -a cost that would enable settlers to pay a price for irrigation water commensurate with a reasonable return to the Government. s/ This year, again, I would like to refer to the good relationship that exists between the officers of the Department and the New Zealand Workers' Union. The agreement between this union and the Department provides for appeal to myself in the event of non-agreement, but in very few cases indeed has this been necessary throughout the year. Sincere co-operation between the direct representatives of the men, as embodied in union organizers and other officials, and officers of the Department can produce nothing but good, and infuses a spirit of desire for sound and efficient work on both sides. At is regrettable that this year the country has been visited by frequent and unprecedented floods, bringing much damage and loss of life to both the Government's and local bodies' works. In the Napier and Gisborne districts floods of a height and magnitude far beyond the memory of any living man have caused untold damage. The effect of these floods is unbelievable to one who has not seen them. In addition to wholesale damage to roads, railways, and bridges, large areas of fertile country have been utterly destroyed. In other districts the damage is not so great, and I would impress upon all local bodies the. necessity of not depending on the Government when there is a reasonable and justifiable demand upon their own resources. If they do this, then the Government will be in a better position to help those who have suffered damage far beyond their power to restore. In connection with the question of damage by floods, serious thought has been given to systematic control of rivers that are, or are likely to be, dangerous in this respect. The matter was referred to in my last Statement, and it is one of vital importance to this country. It has only been for want of suitable staff, due to the large amount of work already in hand by the Department, that progress has not been made to the extent I should like to have seen. On the works now in hand there is still a shortage of engineering staff, and after exhaustive inquiries, both in New Zealand and Australia, the Department has been quite unable to obtain the services of more engineers. I find, therefore, much as I would like to have set up a special branch of the Department to undertake investigations and make surveys for river-control, I have so far been unable to do so. The matter is one, however, that I shall continue to press, and lam in hopes of doing more at an early date. The first procedure will be to collect data and make surveys for protective works in their order of urgency. Some work was done this year by utilizing the services of one of the Department's engineers who has had considerable experience in river-control work. He will be retained on this work. Under the control of the Public Works Department it is proposed this year to expend an amount of £12,757,200. Much criticism has been levelled at the Government because its proposals for this year's expenditure are on a large scale in comparison with those of former years. This may be so, but I wish to say definitely that the money will be expended only on well-planned proposals. In projecting public works it is futile to plan without giving consideration to the future needs of the country. I feel that we have now arrived at a time when we can better foresee our needs and provide for them. A country that stands still will go back : science, engineering skill and ingenuity, and increasing human needs compel us to advance.

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Engineering skill has so improved our motor-vehicles that we must rebuild our roads to higher standards not only to make human life safe but also to provide rapid, ample, and safe roads for the development of industries and businesses dependent upon road transport facilities; improvement in electric equipment and facilities for its use are advancing so rapidly that we are hardly keeping pace with the generation of power to meet the demand ; public buildings to house our public servants are woefully inadequate and out of date ; we have isolated railway systems that would not be tolerated in other countries, and we have land that can produce immeasurably more than it produces to-day. Surely it cannot be called extravagance to endeavour to build to keep pace with these necessary things ? I therefore make no apology for the amount of money lam asking Parliament, to provide to enable demands such as these to be met ; and every penny of the money will be expended within a well-planned and far-sighted policy. Before coming to more detailed statements concerning work done last year and the proposed work for this year in the directions I have outlined, I would particularly desire to draw attention to one thing I have already mentioned—that is, the lack of proper accommodation for public servants. A properly planned scheme of building for adequately housing public servants has been prepared, and will be adhered to as far as possible, but some time must elapse before its full effect can be felt. In the meantime, many State Departments are working under conditions entirely insufficient to give their staffs the degree of comfort they are entitled to. The Government is most anxious, therefore, to press forward with a complete building programme, and the provision of a substantial sum of money for this purpose is more than justified. As in former years, I wish to point out that of the total estimated expenditure by my Department of £12,757,200 for this year, a sum of £4,784,000 will be expended from revenue, representing approximately 38 per cent, of the total. The following schedule sets out in detail the amounts for works under the control of the Minister of Public Works :—

Summary of Votes under Control of Minister of Public Works and Proposed Ways and Means of Raising the Necessary Funds, Year ending 31st March, 1939.

For the current financial year 1938-39 a sum of £668,972 will be provided from the Consolidated Fund for expenditure on maintenance of public works and services. The expenditure on main highways from revenue is estimated to reach £2,677,000, and from loan-moneys £2,603,000, whilst one-third of the cost of the level-crossing-elimination programme will be met from the Employment Promotion Fund and one-sixth by the Kailways Department. It is estimated that approximately £437,000 revenue from the Electric Supply Account will be available after providing for sinking fund, interest, and operating-expenses for expenditure on construction works, the balance of the year's construction programme under this heading i.e., £742.000 —will be raised by way of loans.

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— Loans. 'SSS? ££> Fund. Revenue. £ £ £ £ £ Departmental .. .. 198,000 20,000 2,000 .. 220,000 Railway-construction .. 1,440,000 .. .. .. .1,440,000 Public Buildings .. .. 1,500,000 10,000 .. 30,000 1,540,000 Lighthouses and Harbour-works 46,000 .. 4,000 .. 50,000 Development of Tourist Resorts 50,000 .. .. .. 50,000 Roads .. .. •• 1,410,000 .. 90,000 .. 1,500,000 Lands Improvement .. 187,000 .. 113,000 .. 300,000 Irrigation.. .. .. 140,000 .. 85,000 .. 225,000 Electric Supply .. .. 742,000 .. . . 814,000 1,556,000 Main Highways .. .. 2,603,000 .. 100,000 2,334,200 5,037,200 Consolidated Fund .. .. .. 639,000 200,000 .. 839,000 Totals .. .. 8,316,000 669,000 594,000 3,178,200 12,757,200

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The diagram below gives the annual public-works expenditure from loan-money since 1872. It is interesting to note that for the last few years the expenditure from this source has not reached the peak year of 1931.

Annual Public Works Expenditure

The proposed expenditure from loan-moneys and revenue for votes comprised in the Public Works Fund coming under the control of other Ministers of the Crown is set out hereunder : —

Within the Public Works Fund.

The above, figures, plus those shown in the summary of votes under the control of the Minister of Public Works, amount to £19,644,700. In the Budget an additional £1,075,000 was shown under the heading of Public Works for expenditure on State forests, lands for settlement, and State coal-mines. This year again the schedule shows that, the largest expenditure will be on main highways, this item alone being 40 per cent, of the total. It will also be seen that approximately half this expenditure is from loan-money and half from special revenue.

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Employment „ . , i Loans. Promotion »P ec i al TotalFund. Revenue. ______ ____ £ £ £ £ Railway Improvements and Additions to Open 2,844,000 203,500 698,500 3,746,000 Lines (Minister of Railways) Education Buildings (Minister of Education) .. 820,000 .. .. 820,000 Telegraph Extension (Postmaster-General) .. 750,000 .. . . 750,000 Swamp-land Drainage (Minister of Lands) .. 19,000 7,500 .. 26,500 Settlement of Unemployed Workers (Minister of 340,000 212,500 42,500 595,000 Lands) Native Land Settlement (Minister of Native Affairs) 375,000 350,000 225,000 950,000 Total.. .. .. .. .. 5,148,000 773,500 966,000 6,887,500

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In the annual report of the Transport Department it is pointed out the tremendous increase in traffic on main highways that has taken place in the last three years. The average increase on State highways for this period is approximately 52 per cent. The general increase for all roads would appear to be about 46 per cent. It will be seen, therefore, that increase in expenditure on main highways is quite justified by the increasing volume of traffic using the highways. Increasing power and speed in modern motor-vehicles also call for as much expenditure on improvement of our highways as increasing traffic. We may deplore the desire for speed and power, but we cannot prevent it, and if we are to progress we must meet its demands. New Zealand is a difficult country to road, and standards of construction that may easily be attained in other highly motorized countries are costly to obtain here. Increasing demands for electric power throughout the country call for continued addition to hvdro-electric-generation plants. The revenue from electric supply again shows an increase, and has reached £1,470,043 this year. Work has now commenced for the further development of power by an extension of the Waikaremoana Power Scheme. Owing to pressure of other work, I have not yet been able to make the alterations in the policy of electric-power supply which I have had in mind, but the matter will be thoroughly investigated as soon as time and opportunity offer. In the meantime, a procedure is being adopted that will fit in with future proposals. A vote of £1,440,000 is asked for this year to continue railway-work on four lines now under construction. Further details of this work are given later in this Statement. Excellent progress is being made on all these railways. For settlement and backblock roads a sum of £1,500,000 is proposed this year. The policy of providing a metalled access road to all settlers is being actively pursued. Two large road-improvement works to give adequate outlet roads from Wellington are now well in hand. One, the Haywards-Pahautanui Road, will be completed this year, and the other, the Plimmerton-Paekakariki Road, by the end of next year. The extension of the road through South Westland to link up Otago and Westland is progressing very satisfactorily. The Lewis Pass Road was completed and opened for traffic during the year. I have already drawn attention to the urgent necessity for public buildings to accommodate the Public Service staffs. New public buildings are in course of erection in Wellington and Auckland, which when completed will to some extent ease the position, but consideration must be given at once to further buildings for Departments in Wellington. Plans are now being prepared for the new Printing Office, Broadcasting House, and National Library. Aerodrome-construction has proceeded actively during the year, all money from this purpose being provided from the Consolidated Fund. Details of this work are given in this Statement. Special attention has been given this year to extension of irrigation works in Canterbury. Extensive areas of land will be irrigated, and electric power developed from a large race now under construction to lift water from the Rangitata River. I am still firmly convinced that irrigation is one of the best works that can be undertaken in this country, and the Government will continue to encourage all such projects. It lias still been found necessary to purchase additional plant to economically carry on works in progress. This plant is purchased by calling tenders, and very satisfactory machinery is being obtained by this method. Most of the plant now being purchased is for special purposes. I would like to mention again this year that although a heavy burden has been placed upon the officers of the Department due to the increasing volume of work without a corresponding increase in staff, they have carried out their work well and have worked very hard throughout the year. I would like also to express my keen appreciation of the work done by the Main Highways Board, and the whole-hearted way in which it has co-operated with the Government in carrying out its roading policy. Its fourteenth annual report, which is a valuable one, is included in this Statement.

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FINANCE. The payments and receipts and accumulated totals in connection with the Public Works Fund and other associated votes and accounts for the year 1937-38 are shown in the tabulation below. The gross expenditure amounted to £15,647,516, of which £3,778,585 was expended by other Government Departments ; the recoveries in reduction of expenditure amounted to £3,345,904, of which £1,166,998 was recovered by other Departments ; the net expenditure totalled £12.301,612, of which £2,611,587 was expended by other Departments. In addition, the Department collected £1,466,380 for the supply of electric energy, irrigation receipts, and miscellaneous revenue from other sources.

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Expenditure, 1937-38. Total Net Class of Work. E oP < f« ture to 31 st March, Gross. Recoveries. Net. 1938. Expenditure, Public Works Fund. Railways — £ £ £ £ New construction .. .. .. .. .. 1,202,138 81,920 1,120,218 40,376,484 Improvements and additions to open lilies .. .. 1,561,844 269,072 1,292,772 19,636,772 Roads.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,297,781 171,024 1,126,757 25,026 359* Public buildings .. .. .. .. .. 1,335,822 101,043 1,234,779 13,978,530f Lighthouses, harbour-works, and harbour defences .. .. 19,532 7,855 11,677 1,334,822 Tourist and health resorts .. .. .. .. 23,534 375 23,159 757,084 Telegraph extension .. .. .. .. .. 531,512 219,252 312,260 12,300,690 Departmental .. .. .. .. .. .. 448,637 260,597 188,040 3,380,541. Irrigation, water-supply, and drainage .. .. .. 174,961 103,302 71,659 1,385,900 Lands-improvement .. .. .. .. .. 282,816 135,380 147,436 1,117,080 Swamp land drainage .. .. .. .. .. 30,203 10,801 19,402 100,283 Settlement of unemployed workers .. .. .. 460,265 149,600 310,665 1,067,167;!; Native-land settlement .. .. .. .. .. 814,177 559,308 254,869 696,717 Dairy industry loans .. .. .. .. .. 4,565 . . 4,565 45,825 Cost and discount, raising loans, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,828,307 Closed accounts (for more detail see Table 1) .. .. .. .. .. 8,133,133 Totals, General Purposes Account .. .. 8,187,787 2,069,529 6,118,258 133,165,694§ Electric Supply Account (previously Aid to Water-power Works Account) — Construction .. .. .. .. .. 710,008 23,816 686,192 15,554,9231' AVorking-expenses .. .. .. .. .. 327,054 5,281 321,773 Waihou and Ohinemuri Rivers Improvement Account .. .. .. .. 709,740|| Totals, Public Works Fund .. .. .. 9,224,849 2,098,626 7,126,223 149,430,357 Expenditure, other Votes and Accounts. Main Highways Account — Annual appropriation— Construction, reconstruction, and improvement.. .. 2,388,016 205,718 2,182,298** 9,553,679+f Maintenance, repairs, and renewal .. .. .. 1,300,034 48,343 1,251,691** Administration, plant, and miscellaneous expenditure .. 353,496 26,257 327,239** Interest, fees, and loan redemptions .. .. .. 270,500 .. 270,500** Permanent appropriation (rate subsidies, interest on transfer from Public Works Fund, &c.) .. .. .. 332,694 .. 332,694 Consolidated Fund — Maintenance, public buildings, roads, &c.J;jl .. .. 231,744 29,341 202,403 Aerodromes and landing-grounds .. .. .. 276,295 48,399 227,896 Plant, material, and miscellaneous .. .. 1,171,698 889,220 282,478 Closed accounts (for details see Public Works Statement, 1933) .. .. .. 18,955,387 Employment Promotion Fund (expenditure by Public Works Department): Amounts not included above .. ,. 98,190 .. 98,190 Totals, Other votes and accounts .. .. 6,422,667 1,247,278 5,175,389 28,509,066 Grand total of expenditure, Public Works Fund and other votes and accounts for the year ended 31st March, 1938 .. 15,647,516 3,345,904 12,301,612 Capital expenditure to date .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 177,939,423 * Includes £4,500 expended under section 16, subsection (1), Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act, 1923. t Excludes expenditure on workers' dwellings totalling £319,918 transferred to State Advances Account; includes £60,263 expended under Reserves and other Lands Disposal Act, 1936, section 32. J Includes £4,865 expended under Finance Act, 1932 (No. 2), section 6. § Does not include expenditure under Ellesmere Land Drainage Act, 1905, or £1,226,000 transferred to and included in Main Highways Construction Fund. || Excludes interest and loan charges. f Total capital, excluding suspense items as per accounts in Table No. 5. ** For annual income and expenditure accounts sec Appendix E. -ft As per accounts in Appendix E. Excludes transfers to Public Works Fund votes, &c. (£381,005.)

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Summary.

Of the net expenditure of £12,301,612 previously mentioned, £7,795,058 may be regarded as having been expended from loan-moneys (£6,118,258 General Purposes Account, and £1,676,800 Main Highways Account) the balance —i.e., £4,506,554 — being expended from revenue and taxation. In diagrammatic form the ratio which the various classes bear to the whole is shown below. It should be noted that the figures are gross —that is, before deducting recoveries, which include subsidies from the Employment Promotion Fund, contributions from the Consolidated Fund, and similar amounts which if deducted, would detract from the true portrayal of activities.

Per Roads, including construction and maintenance of £ cent. main highways .. .. .. .. 5,942,521= 34-72 Hydro-electric (construction and working-expenses) .. 1,037,062= 6-06 Railway-construction, improvements, and additions .. 2,763,982= 16-15 Public buildings, including schools .. .. 1,237,557 = 7-23 Settlement of unemployed workers .. .. 460,265= 2 • 69 Lands improvement .. .. .. .. 282,816= 1-65 Irrigation .. .. .. .. .. 174,961= 1-02 Public buildings, roads, &c. (maintenance) .. .. 231,744= 1-35 Air defence, aerodromes, and landing-grounds .. 374,560= 2-19 Telegraph extension .. .. .. .. 531,512= 3-11 Native-land settlement .. .. .. .. 814,177= 4-76 Plant, material, and services for other Departments .. 1,171,698= 6-85 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. 624,661= 3-65 Revenue receipts .. .. .. .. 1,466,380= 8-57 £17,113,896=100-00

In regard to the ways and means of the General Purposes Account of the Public Works Fund the position is as under: — Balance available Ist April, 1937 .. .. .. 2,118,026 Add funds received during the year—- £ Finance Act (No. 3), 1934, section 2 .. 555,081 Finance Act (No. 2), 1936, section 2 .. 3,419,645 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 179,603 4,154,329 1 )educt expenditure during 1937 38 — 6.272,355 Under annual appropriations .. 6,118,030 Under permanent appropriations . . 465 6,118,495 Balance available 31st March, 1938 .. .. .. £153,860

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» ,,, , Recoveries, Class of Work. 1937- 38 Receipts,* Public Works Department. Ordinary Revenue Account — £ Irrigation (receipts for year) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24,740 Miscellaneous receipts for year .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,164 Electric Supply Account (sales of energy, miscellaneous receipts, &,c.): Receipts for year .. 1,400,457 Main Highways Account (repayment, of advances, &c., and interest): Receipts for year . . 27,019 Total receipts .. . . . . .. .. 1,466,380

I Public Works Other Total Department. Departments. £ £ £ Gross expenditure .. .. .. .. 11,868,931 3,778,585 15,647,516 Recoveries and receipts .. .. .. .. 3,645,286 1,166,998 4,812,284 - • i I * Excludes motor-spirits tax, registration fees, See., collected by other Departments.

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The estimated net expenditure under the General Purposes Account for the current financial year, 1938-39, is £10,145,000, and arrangements are being made with the Minister of Finance to provide the necessary funds. This is the amount shown on the Public Works estimates, which also show an estimated net expenditure of £1,532,030 from the Electric Supply Account and £5,037,200 from the Main Highways Account, a total for all these accounts of £16,714,230. MAIN HIGHWAYS. I have this year used my best endeavours to advance the welfare of the Dominion by providing good roads. This applies both to settlement roads required for backblock access and to main highways which carry the bulk of our rural traffic. Land-settlement cannot be encouraged nor can primary industries be fostered unless reasonable roading facilities are available. The main highways comprise the principal routes for general road transport, and it is most essential that they be constructed and maintained to a sufficiently good standard. On previous occasions I have drawn attention to the growing road traffic not only in the matter of the number of vehicles registered, but also in the increased mileage travelled. These developments have continued, and to-day there is more highway traffic than ever before. It is absolutely necessary, therefore, that steps be taken to expedite the reconstruction of roads that were built many years ago for slower-moving traffic, in order to make them fit for the modern fast-moving motorvehicle. During the year under review improvement works on main highways have been pushed forward in order to meet the demands of increasing traffic and particularly to make for the greater safety of the travelling public. I am aware that my policy in regard to highways expenditure has been questioned in some quarters and that complaint has been made that unnecessary work has been, and is being, carried out to a standard in excess of requirements. I offer no apology for the extensive highway improvements which have been effected, nor for the large amount of work at present in progress. It must be remembered that changes are continually taking place in the design and capacity of motor-vehicles, particularly in regard to speed, and, though I do not for a moment suggest that roads should be built to suit maximum speeds of modern vehicles, it is imperative that low-standard roads of inadequate width and dangerous curvature should be made fit and safe for the traffic which uses them. Although a great deal of progress has been made towards improving a substantial portion of the highways system, it is not yet entirely reconditioned for motor traffic. Some sections of highway in closely settled areas were reconstructed several years ago, but to-day they are carrying such large volumes of traffic that further improvements are required to bring them up to a reasonable standard. As far as possible present-day improvements are being carried out in such a way as to allow for further traffic development. Tam bound to remark that most of the criticism is voiced during the period when earthwork is in full swing and before the full effect of the proposals is apparent to the inexperienced observer. I have not yet experienced a single instance where, after completion, an improvement work has been held to be unnecessary or unjustified, and this fact in itself is a sufficient answer to that type of criticism.

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The activities of the Main Highways Board, for the past linancial year are described in greater detail in its annual report appended to this Statement. The report indicates that the total receipts from revenue sources amounted to over £2,600,000, as compared with £2,380,000 for the preceding period. This is the largest sum that has so far been credited to the Main Highways Account by way of revenue from special motor-taxation. The total expenditure from the same account for the year ended 31st March, 1938, in respect of actual works, as distinct from loan and special charges, amounted to £3,392,000, which exceeds the previous year's figure by almost £1,000,000. More than £2,000,000 was spent last year on reconstruction and improvement works, inclusive of level railway-crossing eliminations, over £] ,000,000 on maintenance, and nearly £140,000 on the renewal of bridges. In addition to the foregoing, interest and loan charges accounted for £338,494, while general rate subsidies paid to local authorities and charged to the account totalled £206,000. The reconstruction programme carried out last year involved the borrowing of £1,676,800 for main highways purposes. With regard to the replacement of highway bridges, new structures totalling 11,000 lineal feet were completed during the year, as against 9,000 ft. during the previous period. The construction of several lengthy bridges is in hand, and in some cases a substantial proportion has been built, but the figures quoted exclude such structures and relate only to those opened to traffic. Progress with the bridge programme has been retarded by delays in the delivery of reinforcing material. In the matter of improvements the Board reports that reconstruction and widening were carried out on sections totalling over 330 miles, and metalling was undertaken on lengths aggregating 240 miles. A more favourable paving season than the previous year resulted in approximately 300 miles of initial dustless surfacing being completed. At the 31st March, 1938, the length of paved highways was some 2,400 miles out of a total of approximately 12,100 miles. The Government's programme for eliminating dangerous railway-crossings on main highways was substantially advanced during the past year, during which thirty-five further crossings were completed, compared with fifteen for the previous year. At the close of the year under review work was in progress, or contracts had been arranged, for eliminating a further fifty-six of the most urgent crossings. The number of crossing accidents which are reported from time to time shows the necessity for removing these danger spots, and there is no doubt that very much safer conditions now exist where road traffic has been separated from railway traffic by the erection of overbridges or the construction of subways, &c. In connection with the financing of highway work, including State highways, it is interesting to note that, as far as maintenance was concerned, the State provided 87-5 per cent, and local authorities 12-5 per cent. In respect of renewals, the State found 91-1 per cent, and local authorities 8-9 per cent., while the corresponding figures for improvements and construction were 95-8 per cent, and 4-2 per cent, respectively. This indicates the substantial degree of financial assistance which lias been extended to local roading authorities and the consequent relief to ratepayers in the matter of current highways expenditure. In addition to general improvement and reconstruction carried out on the State highways, which are now under the immediate jurisdiction of the Main Highways Board, marked progress was made in linking up the paved sections of several arterial routes. For example, the Christchurch-Dunedin State highway has been completely paved with the exception of the Rangitata Deviation which is under construction and well on to completion. Also the State highway from Wellington to New Plymouth is paved throughout except for certain portions which are being

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brought up to modern standard. A notable feature of tlie past year's operations was the improved standard of general maintenance throughout the State highways system as the result of utilizing up-to-date plant and equipment under one organization. The superelevation of curves, the painting of bridges, the erection of white direction posts, and of protective fencing, combined with centre-line marking on pavements, have also contributed largely towards safer conditions, notwithstanding the greater density of traffic on these important connecting routes. It is intended to continue these activities and also to extend paving operations, as far as possible, on heavily trafficked highways, where the dust nuisance creates danger conditions, especially during the holiday season. HYDRO-ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT. The hydro-electric developments have continued to be one of the Government's most successful undertakings. The conditions attendant on the more prosperous times of the past two years have given the public more confidence and a greater sense of security which is reflected in continually increasing demands for electric power. The amount of power supplied from the Government system has shown phenomenal increases during the year, and a comparison with the conditions existing a few years ago is well illustrated in the diagrams, which show the maximum kilowatts supplied from the Government stations quarter by quarter over a period of years.

NORTH ISLAND SYSTEM. MAXIMUM QUARTERLY LOADS.

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SOUTH ISLAND SYSTEM. MAXIMUM QUARTERLY LOADS.

The operation of the various existing power schemes and financial returns received therefrom continue to be satisfactory. The gross revenue has increased to £1,470,043, and after paying operating-expenses, interest, and depreciation it has been possible to make available a sum of £179,641 to the Sinking Fund Account which is still, however, £942,757 in arrears. Although so far as the people actually supplied are concerned the Dominion's electricity schemes can be considered eminently successful, there are still some twenty thousand or more homes in which it has not yet been possible to make a supply of electricity available. I have given considerable thought to the problem of making it available to these people wherever it can be done in a reasonably economical way, but have not yet been able to evolve any completely satisfactory method. There are other problems connected with the distribution of electricity with which this particular one is allied, and the whole question is one which needs special attention at an early date. To meet the increasing demand for additional power in all directions the Department has been actively engaged on new work and additions to power stations and transmission lines and on surveys and investigations for additional works and lines. To provide the additional generating capacity the erection of two additional units, each of 21,000 kW. capacity, has been completed at Arapuni ; a commencement has been made with a new development of 40,000 kW. capacity below the existing one at Waikaremoana, whilst a further 20,000 kW. generator has just been delivered for installation in the existing power-station on that scheme. In the South Island orders have been placed for two additional units, each of 15,000 kW. capacity, for installation in the existing power-station at Waitaki, and the Diesel-engine plant 5,760 kW. capacity previously located as a standby station at Lyttelton has been transferred and re-erected at Dobson, on the West Coast, to meet the special demand for mining purposes in that area. In addition to actual construction work, surveys and investigations have been carried on in relation to further power schemes on the Waikato River, and as to control works at Lake Tekapo, and for a power-station on the Rakaia River to utilize in the winter months the water diverted from the Rangitata River and used for irrigation in the summer months.

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Additional main transmission lines are being built to give supply to the Bay of Islands Power Board, to duplicate the supply from Arapuni to the Bay of Plenty, and later to act as a main interconnection between Arapuni and Waikaremoana, to provide an additional double circuit line from Arapuni to Auckland, to interconnect the existing main substations at Melling and Masterton, and so provide a triplicate line to Wellington and an alternative to the Wairarapa. Work is also in hand on the main transmission lines between Lake Coleridge and the West Coast, and between Dunedin and Southland. In both cases, however, work lias been delayed by irregular deliveries of poles from Australia. OPERATING RESULTS. For the year just closed the number of units generated in the Government stations showed an increase over the previous year of 15-95 per cent, in the North Island and 33-3 per cent, in the South Island. The latter increase is to some extent accounted for by the acquisition of the Arnold River station of the Grey Electricpower Board, the first complete year of operation of Monowai Station under Government ownership, and to increased demands by Christchurch and Dunedin Cities. Financially the year has been a successful one, and the whole Electric Supply Account has been able to earn 7-84 per cent, on the operating-capital after paying net operating-expenses. The position of the account is summarized in the following table, and the result since the State commenced operation in the electric supply business is shown in the following graph :

Percentage earned on Operating-capital after paying Working-expenses.

Percentage earned on Operating-capital after paying Net Operating-expenses.

In the North Island the Depreciation Reserve required by the State Supply of Electrical Energy Act —viz., 12| per cent, of the capital invested —has already been reached, and an amount sufficient only to maintain this 12| per cent, is therefore chargeable to depreciation, with a consequential credit balance of £360,662 on the year's operations. This balance has been used to wipe out the deficiency which has been accumulated in earlier years. In the South Island, where in the past the Depreciation Reserve had reached the 12|-per-cent. limit mentioned above, the addition of a large amount of additional capital has necessitated the resumption of full payments into the Depreciation Reserve Fund, yet the year's operations show a profit of £30,987.

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Average _ w t Percentage of .. t Gross Working- Net Net Balance '' - t ,\ Revenue. expenses. Balance. to Operating- ' ' ; capital. £ £ £ £ Per Cent. North Island system 8,861,213 978,492 177,545 800,947 9-039 South Island system 6,011,425 491,551 126,715 364,836 6-069 Totals .. 14,872,638 1,470,043 304,260 1,165,783 7-838 I

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The general position to date is that the Electric Supply Account has been able to meet all operating and interest charges, has provided the statutory requirement of £1,568,289 for depreciation, and, in addition, has provided £506,686 towards sinking-fund requirement of £1,396,307, and £82,399 to General Reserve from profits made from time to time on Lake Coleridge system. In other words, the electric-supply system as a whole has paid interest and operating charges and provided £2,157,374 in reserves, of which £315,364 has already been utilized by Treasury for the paying-off of loans which formed part of the original capital. There are, however, still arrears of sinking fund, amounting to £942,757, to be met. Electric-supply Operating Accounts. (a) North Island Electric-power Supply. The Arapuni-Mangahao-Waikaremoana plants have operated satisfactorily throughout the past year, and the revenue shows an increase of £92,019 over that of the previous year. The result of the year's operations was as follows : — £ £ Capital investment at end of year . . . . 9,216,414 Revenue .. .. •• 978,492 Operating-expenses .. .. 177,545 Balance .. .. .. £800,947 The balance has been used in paying interest charges (£349,816) and £37,593 as the Department's share of the capital charges on the King's Wharf generatingplant of the Auckland Electric-power Board, also £50,725 to provide the full statutory contribution to depreciation, and £2,151 has been charged against cost of raising loans. The reserve accounts established in connection with this system show that £1,016,184 has been credited to depreciation and £210,868 to sinking fund. (b) South Island Electric-power Supply. The accounts under this heading formerly had reference to the interconnected Lake Coleridge and Waitaki systems, but this year have been amalgamated with those of the Southland system, which was purchased from the Southland Electricpower Board in October, 1936, and with the Arnold River scheme purchased from the Grey Electric-power Board and taken over on the Ist February of this year. These latter portions of the system are, however, not yet actually interconnected with the Coleridge-Waitaki section. The respective plants have operated satisfactorily throughout the year. The year's operations resulted as under : — Capital investment at end of year .. .. 6,319,615 Revenue .. .. 491,551 Operating-expenses .. .. 126,715 Balance .. .. • • £364,836 The balance has been used in payment of interest (£220,112), £112,375 has been paid to depreciation, and £1,363 has been charged against cost of raising loans. The net result was a profit of £30,987, which has been credited to sinking fund. General. The capital invested in the electric-supply systems operating throughout the Dominion totals £35,527,342, which includes £15,536,029 of Government expenditure, and the gross revenue received for the year was £5,686,397. After paying workingcosts, interest, sinking fund, and depreciation charges the net profit for the year under review was £878,594, as compared with £570,131 for 1937, which indicates

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that the electric-supply business as a whole is in a healthy condition. The average revenue received by the Government for each unit sold was 0-366 d., compared with 0-359 d. lor last year. This increase is due to the revenue received from the retail side of the Department's business in Southland. Excluding the retail business, the average for this year is 0-337 d. per unit. The average revenue per unit sold by all the retail supply authorities to consumers throughout the Dominion was l-028d. An analysis and summary of the operating results and other statistics furnished by each electric-supply authority reveals the fact that there has been an increased consumption of electrical energy amounting in the aggregate to approximately 14 per cent, over that of 1937. This is due mainly to intensive load-building campaigns on the part of many of the retail supply authorities, a phenomenal increase being noticeable in the electric cooking and electric water-heating side of the business. The statistics also indicate that during the past year 17,553 new consumers have been connected at an average rate of approximately 1,460 per month, and the completed figures for the year show that the ratio of number of consumers of electricity to the total population of the Dominion (1,591,974) is 24-4 per cent., or 26-2 per cent, of population in areas supplied with electricity. The statistical data relative to each electric-supply authority will be found in the series of tables accompanying the report of the Chief Electrical Engineer. RAILWAYS. Dargaville Branch Railway. —Work on this railway has been continued during the year. When the present Government decided last year to complete this line, further surveys were made in order to ascertain the best route into Dargaville. On the previously adopted route the station-yard at Dargaville was very cramped and this route also made it very difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate a number of level crossings in the borough. After careful investigations had been made it was decided to adopt a line running round the back of the town, eliminating thereby all level crossings, giving a very much better site for the railway-station, at a distance from the post-office of only 20 chains. The new route is longer and somewhat more costly than the old one, but its adoption is in keeping with the modern trends in railway location, which are to keep railway-lines out of the more thickly populated and business areas and to avoid all level crossings. Pending the result of investigations into alternative routes, work on the railway was confined to the unopened section between Kirikopuni and Tangowahine and between Tangowahine and Te Wharau where the new route diverges. The principal activity on the former section has been the completion of ballasting, and on the latter the formation has been restored, fences overhauled, and the erection of plant, bridges, and accommodation proceeded with. With the question of the route now decided it will be possible to accelerate construction considerably. Paeroa-Pokeno Railway. —During the year the Government decided to proceed with the construction of this railway, which will shorten the distance from Auckland to Paeroa and the Tauranga District by about forty-four miles, and will also open up and give direct railway access to a very considerable area of land between Pokeno and Paeroa, including the fertile Hauraki Plains. As soon as the decision to construct the railway was made survey parties were started from each end, and construction work has now actually started at various points. Plant has been arranged for, and some of it is now on the ground. The erection of stores, offices, accommodation for staff and workmen, and all the necessary adjuncts for the speedy prosecution of the work is all arranged for and the work should soon be well under way. Gisborne-Napier Railway. —Until February of this year excellent progress was made with the construction of this railway.

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In that month., however, phenomenal rainfall in the Kopuawhara and Maretalia Valleys on the Gisborne-Waikokopu section of the line caused unprecedented flooding in these streams. During the night of 19th Febuary the single-men's quarters at No. 4 Camp. Kopuawhara, were swept away by the swiftly rising flood-waters and twenty-two valuable lives were lost. The disaster was so sudden that nothing could be done to save the lives of those lost, but many .heroic efforts were made to save life, and in some instances men undoubtedly lost their own lives in trying to save others. In addition to the loss of life, very considerable damage was done to the railwayconstruction works, the principal damage being to service roads giving access to the various sections of the railway. On these, bridges were swept away and whole sections of the service roads disappeared. At the northern end of the railway at Boyds Camp, seven married-men's quarters were swept away by the rising flood-waters, but, fortunately, the camp had been awakened and only one life was lost. The unprecedented nature of the rainfall and run-off can be gauged from the fact that the flood-waters covered ground which had not been covered by floodwaters within living memory and probably not for a century. The run-off from the drainage areas was far greater than anything that has hitherto been recorded in New Zealand, and a search of hundreds of records from all over the world fails to reveal anything of as great an intensity. No concern had at any time been felt for the safety of the camps, and those living in them had not for a moment entertained any doubts as to their safety. The Government has decided to treat this disastrous loss of life as though the lives had been lost by accident at work, and compensation is being arranged accordingly. As well as the loss of life, many inmates of the camps lost all their belongings, and immediate succour was rendered to them by the Department and by means of special funds subscribed for the purpose. The spirit displayed by all during and after the disaster was admirable, and I would like to take this opportunity of once more paying tribute to the work of the staff and men for the fine work they did in this sudden emergency. I would also like to again express my sympathy with the relatives of those who lost their lives in such tragic circumstances. The damage occasioned by this disaster had scarcely been remedied when another disastrous storm, of somewhat less intensity but more widespread in its effects, occurred on Anzac Day, 25th April. Reference to this storm is made elsewhere, but its effect on the railwayconstruction works was very severe, and on the opened line between Napier and Putorino the damage was so great that it has completely changed the programme of operations on the section from Napier to Wairoa. The restoration of the Napier-Putorino section, which had been badly damaged by the 1931 earthquake and left neglected for five years, was completed by my Department last year and the Railway Department has been running regular traffic over it. Last August the Railway Department, in conjunction with my Department, had inaugurated a through goods traffic to Wairoa. This goods service had been well patronized, as can be seen from figures given in the Engineer-in-Chief's report. It was intended that the section between Putorino and Wairoa should be completed and handed over to the Railway Department in June last, but the disastrous floods of Anzac Day completely eliminated any chance of this being done. Although the damage between Putorino and Wairoa was not very great, the NapierPutorino section, particularly in the Esk Valley, suffered very severely. Bridges were washed away, embankments scoured out, and cuttings were filled with slips. It is anticipated that it will take four to five months to restore the line to a condition suitable for traffic, so that it will probably be towards the end of the year before the line to Wairoa is opened for regular traffic. Despite the handicaps inflicted by these disastrous floods and almost continuous wet weather, particularly in the Gisborne area, good progress is beingmade on the railway, and it is anticipated that construction will only be a few months behind schedule. Tunnelling operations on the Gisborne-Waikokopu section are now in full swing,, and most of the larger tunnels are now fully equipped with mechanical

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equipment for excavating and concreting work. The plant installed has proved very successful, and besides considerably accelerating the work, has reduced the amount of heavy manual labour to a very small percentage of the total. During the year the bottom heading of the coast tunnel was completed, and excavation and lining on the three major tunnels is well advanced. On the Gisborne and Wharerata sections of the railway the earthwork is almost completed, and on the Kopuawhara section considerable progress has been made on the earthwork, and it should not be long before this part of the work is completed. Culverts and water-drives are practically completed throughout, and the bridging programme is being accelerated. Progress is still somewhat hampered by the delay in delivery of materials, and floods have considerably retarded this part of the work. All piers on the Waipaoa Bridge have been completed, and the erection of the steel spans is now under way. Six 30 ft. spans are in position and four 60 ft. spans have been launched. Two of the 30 ft. spans and two of the 60 ft. spans have been riveted up. Work is in progress on a number of other smaller bridges at this end of the line. At the Waikokopu end the Opoutama Stream Bridge has been completed and piles have been made for the Waikokopu and Kopuawhara Bridges. At the Grisborne end of the line the permanent track has been laid from Gisborne to the north abutment of the Waipaoa Bridge, a distance of about five miles. The first lift of ballast has been completed over this length and the second lift for a distance of two miles. Work on the Napier-Wairoa section of this railway has proceeded steadily, and, as mentioned previously, but for the disastrous flood of Anzac Day this length would by now have probably been handed over to the Railway Department. Full details of the year's operations on the Napier-Gisborne and other railways are given in the Engineer-in-Chief's report. East Coast Main Trunk Railway : Extension to Opotiki.—The Government decided recently that the construction of the railway from Taneatua to Opotiki was to be proceeded with, and for the past month or so survey parties have been investigating the question of alternative routes. It has now been decided to adhere to the route through the Waimana Gorge, and a survey party is proceeding to peg the permanent line. It will be necessary to carry out a fair amount of survey work before construction can commence, but it is anticipated that the work will be under way before the end of the year. The construction of the railway necessitates the abandonment of portions of the existing State highway through the Waimana Gorge, and investigations are at present in hand to ascertain the possibility of constructing the State highway on a different route. Even if this is done it will be necessary to construct a new road through the Waimana Gorge also, so as to give farmers the same road access as they have at present. Turakina-Okoia Railway Deviation. —This work has been put in hand to avoid the heavy grades and sharp curvature on the existing main line. A start was made with construction during the previous period, and this year the work has been very vigorously prosecuted. The outstanding feature of this deviation, which is 10 m. 20 ch. in length, is the driving of the Fordell and Turakina Tunnels, which are 72 ch. and 104 ch. in length respectively. During the past year these tunnels have been opened up and equipped with the latest type of machinery, and approximately 43 ch. of tunnelling has been completed. Simultaneously the excavation of cuttings, the building of culverts, &c., has been carried on, and preliminary work in connection with the erection of the Wangaehu and Turakina Bridges is in hand. South Island Main Trunk Railway.—ln my last Statement I described the restarting of this work, the building of the necessary accommodation, and the provision of mechanical equipment, together with the progress made to the end of June, 1937. During the period just passed the Department have been able to concentrate on the actual work of construction, and has extended its activities over practically the whole length between Wharanui and Parnassus, the old railheads at either end of the line.

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For the purposes of construction the work has been divided into two main sections —the north end, from Wharanui to the Kahautara River, a distance of 48 m. 70 ch., and the south end, from the Kahautara Bridge to Parnassus, a distance of 29 m. 40 ch. On the north end construction work is almost complete, with the exception of the Blue Slip, to the Clarence Bridge, a length of approximately twenty miles, platelaying and ballasting is in hand, and it is anticipated that it will be available for stock traffic by the end of the year. The Blue Slip, which has been the main obstacle on this length, is becoming well stabilized, and when the additional drainage now in hand has been completed T do not anticipate that it will give a great deal of extra trouble. From the Clarence Bridge to the Kahautara River the whole section is manned and very good progress is being made. The piers of the Clarence Bridge, which will consist of twelve 122 ft. steel-truss spans on caisson foundation, are being constructed under contract and are almost completed, while the steel superstructure is being fabricated ready for erection in the railway workshops. The heaviest section, which is between the Ohau Bluffs and the Hapuka River, and includes all the tunnelling-work on the northern end, will govern the time of completion, and it has been very heavily manned. The greater portion of the tunnel-work is complete, and all cuttings are well under way. The construction of the section between the Hapuka and Kahautara Rivers has been kept back somewhat owing to the necessity for resurveying the route in order to bring the Kaikoura Railway-station closer to the centre of the town. This has been finalized, however, and as the formation is comparatively light on this area there will be no difficulty in completing this portion in time to keep in step with the rest of the construction. On the south end the completion of the Hawkswood Tunnel and the bridging of the Leader and Conway Rivers has opened the way for platelaying and ballasting to proceed as far as Hundalee Station, a distance of approximately eleven and a half miles, and it is hoped to have this section sufficiently far advanced to handle stock traffic by the end of the year, and this will then shorten the distance between railheads by approximately thirty-one miles. Between the Hundalee Station and the Oaro River the main obstacles are the Amuri Bluffs Tunnel and the Okarahia Bridge. Work on Amuri Bluff Tunnel is making good progress on the north end, and on the south end it lias been necessary to adopt a specially reinforced section to cope with the very difficult and unstable country which has to be passed through before reaching the more solid country through which the main tunnel is being driven. Preliminary work on the Okarahia Bridge is in hand, and adjacent cuttings, culverts, &c., will be completed in ample time to synchronize with the completion of the bridge and tunnel. On the section between the Oaro and Kahautara Rivers we have seven miles and a half of extremely difficult country; high precipitous bluffs come right down to high-water mark, and consequently we have a series of short tunnels through the points with stretches of line across the various embayments between them, the latter necessitating heavy protection works on the seaward faces. A further complication is caused by the necessity of providing for the main highway alongside the railway, and numerous deviations of the highway have also to be constructed. A heavy concentration of men and plant has been brought to bear on this section, most of the tunnels are being opened up, and a large quarry is supplying stone for the sea-protection work. At the same time it will probably be necessary to cast massive concrete blocks to withstand the heavy wave-stroke on the more exposed portions. West/port Inangahua Railway. —This railway, which will link up the Westport section with the main-line system of the South Island is twenty-seven and three- quarter miles long, of which nine miles between Westport and Cascade Creek was operating before constructional activities were renewed last year. The gap between the railheads is eighteen and a half miles, and the construction work involved comprises extensive rock cuttings, tunnels, and bridges. The average number of men employed during the year was 330, this being the maximum number that can be usefully employed, as the bulk of the earthwork is completed. The remaining work is largely the erection, of bridges and culverts and the laying of the permanent-way. The major work still to be done is the construction of twelve larse bridges, one hundred, and seventy culverts, and two short tunnels.

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During the year the following progress was made : — Cascade Bridge : Five 80 ft. and one 40 ft. steel-plate-girder spans were completed. Redmond Creek Bridge : Three 40 ft. girder spans and one 85 ft. arch span in reinforced concrete is now approaching completion. Stable Creek Bridge: Ten 40 ft. and one 20 ft. reinforced-concrete-girder spans are under construction. Buller River Bridge: Six 100 ft., one 45 ft., and one 30 ft. steel-plate-girder spans in reinforced-concrete cylinder piers. The piers are almost completed, and the steel superstructure is now arriving on the site. Inangahua River Bridge : Nine 60 ft. steel-plate-girder spans. The piers are constructed, and the steel girders have been delivered on the site, erection is proceeding, and two spans have been completed. Considerable progress has been made in the completion of the two remaining tunnels at 13 m. The longer tunnel, 13 ch. long, has been excavated, and 5| eh. have been lined. The shorter tunnel, 2-4 ch. long, is in hand, and If ch. of the bottom heading is completed. Seventeen culverts were completed during the year, three of which were of considerable magnitude. The earthwork has been completed throughout except for a four-mile section between 20 m. and 24 m., where some large block cuttings and fillings are being constructed by modern plant consisting of Diesel shovels, and locomotives and carry-all power-scrapers. The work on the bridges and culverts has been hampered to some extent by lack of skilled tradesmen, but the difficulty is being overcome and construction work is proceeding more rapidly. During the year a Y.M.C.A. hut was erected at Inangahua Junction, and electric light was installed in the main camps at Tiroroa and Inangahua Junction. RAILWAYS: IMPROVEMENTS AND ADDITIONS TO OPEN LINES. The net expenditure out of the Public Works Fund under the above heading for the year ended 31st March, 1938, was £1,292,772. This amount was expended on the various works shown in the following statement: £ Wellington new station and yard .. .. 215,332 Wellington-Paekakariki electrification .. .. 18,039 Wellington-John son ville electrification .. .. 29,493 Christchurch new station and yard rearrangement . . 19,660 Papakura-Horotiu duplication .. .. .. 77,179 Plimmerton-Paekakariki duplication .. .. 20,127 Sawyer's Bay - St. Leonards duplication . . . . 16,407 Turakina-Okoia deviation .. . . . . 111, 943 Scroggy Hill deviation . . . . . . . . 8,997 Grade easements .. .. .. .. 17,780 Elimination of level crossings . . . . . . 95,426 Oamaru foreshore protection . . . . . . 15,000 Stratford-Okahukura safety appliances and tabletworking . . . . .. . . . . 19,284 Dwellings .. . . .. .. . . 8,962 Rolling-stock . . . . . . . . . . 662,032 Workshops buildings and machinery .. .. 49,097 Road services .. .. .. .. .. 31,779 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. Or. 123,765 £1,292,772 The Wellington new station building was completed early in the year and was officially opened on 19th June, 1937. The layout of the new yard was also sufficiently advanced to allow of the satisfactory working of the new station. The Tawa Flat deviation which, had been used for goods traffic for some time was brought into full use as from 19th June, 1937. The electrification of the WellingtonJohnsonville section was proceeded with .throughout the year, arid the electric

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service was brought into use on 2nd July, 1938. During the year a considerable quantity of electrical equipment arrived for and was installed on the WellingtonPaekakariki section. The station-yard rearrangement at Christchurch, work on which was commenced in the previous year, was further advanced during the year. Extensive progress was made during the year on the three large duplication works —namely, Papakura - Horotiu, Plimmerton - Paekakariki, and Sawyer's Bay - St. Leonards. A considerable amount of work was done on the Turakina-Okoia deviation, while satisfactory progress was made on the deviation at Scroggy Hill and on other grade-easement works. Special attention was paid to the elimination of level crossings, and considerable headway was made during the year, several of the new overbridges being brought into use. Considerable progress was made on other major works. Great activity was displayed in connection with the rolling-stock programme, the construction of standard rail cars for the New Plymouth - Wellington service and the building of electric locomotives for the Wellington-Paekakariki service being special features, while extensive constructional work was carried out on cars, vans, and wagons. The site of the old station at Auckland was disposed of, and a credit of £l 11,323 received. SETTLEMENT AND OTHER ROADS. I would like to again emphasize the undoubted importance of good roads in the rural development of this country. Honourable members will recollect that early last summer I announced that arrangements had been made for a special additional allocation of £500,000 for the purpose of extending road-metalling activities during the year. These funds were made available purely for the metalling of roads in backblocks areas where settlers in many cases were still working their farms under access conditions which could only be considered as primitive. These people were virtually still pioneering, and I can confidently claim that the plan instituted last year is the first real attempt which has ever been made to deal adequately with the difficulties and hardships of these unfortunate settlers. In all, an amount of £1,587,360 (gross) was available last financial year for the betterment and metalling of country roads, and of this, a sum of £1,297,781 (gross) was expended. The actual net expenditure, after allowing for credits from other votes, was £1,126,757, as against £913,720 for the previous year. By the close of the season on 30th June, 600 miles of settlement roads were formed, reformed, or widened, and 1,006 miles were newly metalled, the corresponding figures for the preceding period being 465 miles formed and 792 miles metalled. Having regard to the fact that in practically all instances local authorities had not had an opportunity of budgeting for any extra large expenditure on settlement roads, of which they were, of course, required to find some part, I consider the season's results to be highly satisfactory. A great deal of bridging and culverting was also done, some 123 new bridges, totalling 10,710 lineal feet, having been erected with grants or subsidies, and 71,570 lineal feet of culverts installed. My own view in connection with the erection of new bridges is that structures should be in reinforced concrete wherever possible, as this form of construction gives greater permanency and better service with comparatively low maintenance-costs. Local bodies have sometimes objected at first to insistence on the use of reinforced concrete, but careful examination of alternative designs has generally shown that, with the advanced methods now being adopted, there is no really great saving in cost by building in timber —-that is, having regard to first cost, maintenance-cost, and ultimate replacement. On consideration of these different aspects local authorities have been ready enough to agree in most instances that the reinforced-concrete bridge has definite financial, as well as practical, advantages. As in previous years, local authorities have continued to approach the Government for grants to assist with the cost of restoring flood damage, and where a full investigation of the circumstances has indicated that the counties concerned could not meet the full cost of repairs without financial embarrassment varying measures of assistance have been granted. Undoubtedly the disastrous floods on the East Coast caused the greatest damage during the year, and in each county it was necessary for the Government to afford some relief by making grants-in-aid. For the-information of honourable members I intend now to make a few brief remarks concerning some of the major works on which construction was proceeding during the year.

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The Western Hutt Road has been practically completed between Melling and Silverstream, and good progress is being made with the erection of the large reinforced-concrete bridge which will carry the traffic across the Hutt River at Silverstream on to the existing main north highway to the Wairarapa. The entire reconstruction of the Haywards —Pahautanui Road has been well advanced, and I have no hesitation in saying that the improvement over the old road is really amazing. Construction work on the Main South Road in Westland has been continued vigorously during the year. The new steel suspension bridges over the Fox and the Cook Rivers have been completed, and of the 32 miles of road to be built between Weheka and Bruce Bay, 22 miles have now been constructed. Surveys are beingmade of the road between Bruce Bay - Haast - Jackson's Bay, and the construction has actually begun on the Jackson's Bay end, where a wharf is also being erected. The large works on the Haast Pass Road from the Cold Lakes District to South Westland, and on the Hollyford to Lake McKerrow Road, have progressed steadily during the year. In the King-country work on the Taumarunui-Tokaanu Road, giving a direct connection from Taumarunui to Lake Taupo, and on the Waiouru-Tokaanu Road, giving a direct north-south route on the eastern side of the mountains Ruapehu, Tongariro, and Ngauruhoe, has been continued steadily. The new road, known as Coronation Drive, on the Waitakere Ranges at Auckland has been partly completed, and has proved so popular with motorists that complaints have been made regarding the insufficiency of parking-space. The rise and fall of expenditure on reading generally over the last twenty-five years is illustrated by the graph hereunder.

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT NET EXPENDITURE ON ROAD CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING MAIN HIGHWAYS FOR YEARS 1913-14 to 1938-39

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HAWKE'S BAY FLOODS. The year lias been marked by the large number of intense storms which have occurred in various parts of the Dominion. The disastrous storm of 19th February has been referred to when discussing railway matters. Another and, in some respects, more disastrous storm occurred in April. Very intense rainfall in the Hawke's Bay and Gisborne districts over the week-end, amounting in some cases to nearly 40 in., culminated in a disastrous flood on Anzac Day, in which farms were obliterated by deposits of silt, roads blocked by slips and washouts in all directions, and bridges were carried away by the tremendous volume of water and debris carried by the abnormally swollen rivers and streams. In certain areas, such as the Esk Valley, the flood-heights were greater than anything known since the white man settled there. Road access from Napier was cut off in all directions, except south to Hastings via Fernhill. Thousands of acres were under water and silt, and settlers were isolated on their farms with access indefinitely cut off. The seriousness of the disaster was not realized at first either in the stricken area or outside it, but as soon as the true position became evident immediate steps were taken to cope with the situation. An assurance of State assistance to the stricken area wa given by the Government, and I immediately arranged for the transfer of plant from other districts to assist with the opening-up of the roads, and instructed that all the resources of the Department were to be used to restore communications as quickly as possible. Two Government aeroplanes were despatched to Hastings to assist with the distribution of food to isolated settlers by air. This work had already been well organized by Judge Harvey and the East Coast Aero Club, and food was being dropped from aeroplanes where it was most urgently required. On arrival of the Government planes Squadron Leader Burrell took charge of the aerial distribution o food, and was ably assisted by the aero club and Judge Harvey, who was of great assistance in this connection on account of his local knowledge of the area. The Post and Telegraph Department did splendid work, under very difficult conditions, restoring telephone and telegraphic communications as quickly as possible. In the meantime further knowledge of the state of the roads and bridges had been obtained, both from aerial surveys and from inspections on foot, as well as telephone messages. Steps were immediately taken to organize gangs of men for dealing slips and getting machines on to the sections of the damaged roads where they could be used to best advantage. The construction of temporary bridges was also immediately taken in hand. By concentrating men at suitable points and getting machinery on to various sections as quickly as possible the Napier-Taupo Road was opened for traffic on Bth May and the Napier-Wairoa Road on 4th June. The opening-up of this road in a little over five weeks was a noteworthy feat best realized by those who have been over the road since it was opened. The road that was opened was, of course, only a comparatively narrow track in places, and heavy rain since has at times caused trouble and occasionally blocked the road for a short time again. The part played by machinery on the work of restoration has been remarkable. The Department now has five Diesel shovels, four tractors with bull-dozer attachment, and four tractors with scoops at work on roads and farms. It is estimated that with the aid of machines it will take about four months more to clear up the damage to the highways. Without the help of machines it would probably take double that time. The reconstruction of the bridges in permanent material will, of coarse, take much longer. It will probably be twelve to eighteen months before they are completed. The staff and men in the 1 lawke's Bay and Gisborne districts have done great work in connection with the restoration of communications and the repair of flood damage, and I wish to express my appreciation of the manner in which they have carried out their duties.

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The reason for the enormous damage in the flooded areas can be seen from a study of some of the rainfall records in the Hawke's Bay District. The rainfall at the places mentioned below on various days in April and the total for the month were as follows : —

IRRIGATION AND WATER-SUPPLY. Accelerated progress is being made with this important developmental work, especially in Canterbury, where irrigation projects over a large area situated between the Rangitata and Rakaia Rivers are now under construction. During the past season the central and eastern portions of the South Island has experienced a drought of exceptional severity, and the sales of water have exceeded previous records. In Central Otago the existing irrigation schemes undoubtedly saved the district from extreme hardship and loss of production, even though rationing of the watersupply had to be resorted to for a short period on some small areas dependent on stream-flow. In Canterbury the drought conditions did not extend beyond the middle of December, and since then the weather has been abnormally wet and the demand for irrigation dropped to zero. On the Redcliff Scheme the demand was above expectations during the early portion of the season, and the area watered amounted to 50 per cent, of the irrigated area. The response was very satisfactory and, notwithstanding the relatively short season, the revenue obtained was treble that of the previous year. The farmers express general satisfaction at the results, and further areas are being prepared for irrigating next season. The Levels Scheme was completed by the construction of No. 7 lateral, having a total length of 3 miles 34 chains. As in the case of the Redcliff Scheme, the dry spring and early summer resulted in a demand for water and assistance in farm reticulation that taxed the Department's organization to deal with it. Thirty-one farmers used water for 1,100 acres, or approximately 8 per cent, of the irrigable area. One farmer who keeps an accurate account showed that his stock-carrying capacity was increased fourfold for the whole season. In consequence of the unprecedented drought conditions obtaining last summer the demand for irrigation investigation was very insistent in various portions of New Zealand, but this work had necessarily to be deferred on account of the available staff being fully employed on active current construction work representing the most favourable schemes to be proceeded with. The question of further investigation work will again engage my attention when the additional staff is available.

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Rainfall (Inches), April, 1938. Locality. — , , 2 . , , Total for Total for idrd. Three Days. Month. Puketitiri .. .. .. 9-14 15-39 14-87 39-40 55-70 Tarewa, Morere .. .. .. 2-22 6-50 11-42 20-14 41-10 Putorino .. .. .. 4-00 16-50 11-60 32-10 36-85 Mangaone Valley, Nuhaka .. .. 7-25 4-50 5-35 17-10 31-57 Maraetotara .. .. .. 1-84 10-88 10-74 23-46 31-43 Hawke's Bay Forests, Waikoau .. 4-00 11-76 8-50 24-26 Onepoto, Waikaremoana .. .. 2-03 7-16 6-04 15-23 25-27 Kotemaori .. .. 1-95 9-03 7-80 18-78 | 24-39 Maungaharuru Range .. .. 2-03 10-68 6-21 1 18-92 I 26-29 Wharerata 4-71 11-22 2-11 , 18-04 ,

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The following is a brief description of the works in hand or completed' during the year:— The Omakau Scheme has now been completed, and last season fifty-nine farmers irrigated 7,000 acres. The sales of water rose from 4,032 acre feet to 10,380 acre feet. An extension of 3,000 acres, called the Dunstan Scheme, was completed, and some sales of water were made towards the end of the season. On the Earnscleugh Scheme the Fraser Dam, 102 ft. in height and containing 12.560 cubic yards of concrete, was completed. The value of this dam was amply demonstrated during the drought, and an adequate supply of water was maintained where shortage would have resulted in a large loss of production. On the Manuherekia Scheme a 78-chain tunnel is completed, and the concrete lining is in hand. The renewal of pipes on the Teviot Scheme to replace the old mining-pipes has been completed. The only new work authorized in Central Otago is a small extension of the Ida Valley Scheme at German Hill. On the Ashburton-Lyndhurst Scheme the area to be irrigated was increased from 25,500 acres net to 34,000 acres net. The total length of race-construction completed to date is 44 miles, involving 222,000 cubic yards of excavation, or 65 per cent, of the total. The number of special concrete structures completed during the year was 364, making a total of 470 to date, or 30 per cent, of the total involved in the scheme. The year was marked by the introduction of new types of earth-moving machinery, which have greatly accelerated this phase of the work. A demonstration area of 36 acres was levelled and sown in fine class pasture in the autumn of 1937. This has been regularly irrigated, and during the season approximately ten ewes and their lambs were carried to the acre. The pasture was in nowise taxed, and the indications are that this figure is likely to be frequently equalled or exceeded throughout the area of the scheme. The soil type in this case is slightly below the average for the whole scheme. The construction of the Rangitata Diversion Race was continued during the year, and a decision was made to keep the capacity of this race to 900 cusecs for its whole length to the Rakaia River, so as to utilize the winter flow of the race for the generation of electricity. A fall of 320 ft. is available at this point which will enable a maximum power of 30,000 h.p. to be generated. The race will therefore serve a dual purpose of irrigation in summer and the generation of electricity in' the winter. The total length of this race is 41 miles, requiring approximately 2,900,000 cubic yards of excavation. The work completed to date is 370,000 cubic yards of excavation over a completely or partially completed length of 14 miles. One heavy-traffic bridge has been built over the race, and a commencement will shortly be made of the numerous large structures such as syphons, drops, regulating-gates, and intake. Modern machinery has been employed throughout the work, and its completion is scheduled for the spring of 1940. During the year a further extension of the Canterbury Irrigation, known as the Mayfields-Hinds Scheme, was authorized, and construction work is now proceeding. It embraces an area of approximately 110,000 acres lying between the Rangitata and Hinds Rivers, and approximately 54,000 acres will be irrigated. The water will be taken from the Rangitata River, and the main race will have a capacity of 450 cusecs. In all, there will be a length of 230 miles of races involving 900,000 cubic yards of excavation and approximately 2,000 concrete structures. The work completed at present is the establishment of camps and buildings to accommodate the 145 workmen to be employed on the work. At present 60 men are employed, and the materials and machinery are coming to hand. The revenue for the year on the Otago Central Schemes was £27,190, and the working-expenses £27,054, which includes £6,725 for the replacement of pipe-lines on the Teviot Scheme.

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The revenue on the Canterbury Schemes for the year was £266 and the workingexpenses £771. This revenue was mainly derived from the Redcliff Scheme, where the rates charged have not yet reached their maximum, the policy being to charge lower rates during the first few years whilst the schemes are being brought into operation to encourage farmers to prepare their land. The following graph shows the growth of irrigation acres under Government schemes in the last nineteen years : —

TOTAL AREA FOR WHICH IRRIGATION WATER IS AVAILABLE.

During the year legal and financial arrangements were finalized enabling portions of Levels, Waimate, Mackenzie, and Geraldine Counties to be brought within the scope of the Downs Water Supply Scheme commanding an area of 153,000 acres, and requiring 800 miles of pipe-lines to be laid to serve every property within the area with domestic and stock water.

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The work was authorized last March, and up to date considerable progress has been made in establishing construction buildings and camp accommodation for the work. Plant is on order and a contract has been prepared for the first section of pipes, comprising 16 miles of main pipe-line. The present number of men employed is 47, and it is expected to complete the work by 1941. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The net expenditure for last year in the various classes of buildings was: — £ General Government buildings .. .. .. •• 261,017 Courthouses .. .. . . • - ■ • • • 16,403 Prison buildings and works .. . . .. ■. • ■ 9,476 Police-stations .. .. • ■ • ■ • • • • 11,086 Post and Telegraph buildings .. .. .. • ■ 248,144 Mental Hospital buildings . . . . . . • • ■ • 125,829 Health and Hospital institutions .. .. .. .. 15,747 £687,702 New Departmental Buildings. The ever present problem of providing accommodation for Government offices has been tackled resolutely, and large blocks of offices are under construction in Jean Batten Place, Auckland, and Stout Street, Wellington. Work on these structures was delayed owing to difficulties in obtaining steel of the necessary sizes, but supplies have come to hand and no further difficulty is anticipated from that source; new Government offices at Napier are approaching completion, and a new block of offices was erected at Palmerston North. Unforeseen difficulties over the supply of certain specialized equipment has delayed the completion of the new Government Life Building in Wellington, but it is anticipated that the building will be occupied in a few months. As a temporary measure a large wooden structure is being erected in Aitken Street for Government offices, but here again delays in the deliveries of timber have not helped to relieve the problem of providing new accommodation ; this building is being erected by day labour under the supervision of this Department. A new building for the Government Life Insurance Department in Nelson and one for the State Fire Insurance Department in Invercargill will also provide accommodation for other Departments, and a three-storied building in Christchurch has been purchased and is being remodelled for a similar purpose. Other departmental buildings include a large building for the Scientific and Industrial Research Station at Auckland, a new meterological office at Kelburn, garages and plant depots at Maungaturoto, Gisborne, and Wellington, and extensions of the garages and depots at Whangarei and Rotorua. Staff cottages have been erected and other accommodation provided in the Whangarei, Auckland, Taumarunui, Tauranga, and Gisborne districts, and a number of buildings erected in connection with the Ahuriri development scheme. The restoration of buildings damaged in the recent disastrous floods has been undertaken by this Department and is well in hand. _ The Customs building in Wellington is being strengthened; the old building which was originally used as the Railway Head Office is being adapted for other Departments, and the Ministerial residence in Tinakori Road has been converted into two flats. Courthouses. Although not as accelerated as anticipated, steady progress is being made in giving effect to the Government's plan for replacement of a number of inadequate courthouses throughout the Dominion. There is still, however, a good deal of work ahead, and the Justice Department and this Department are in close collaboration in respect of all works contemplated and in hand.

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The new courthouse at Blenheim is almost completed and will probably be in occupation by the time this report is presented. This building will be noteworthy for its up-to-date heating and air-conditioning plant. This was found desirable owing to the exceptional range of the seasonal temperatures at Blenheim. One of the principal events of the year was the laying of the foundation stone for the new Law Court Building in Christchurch to take the place of the existing inadequate buildings. A contract has been let for a new courthouse at Invercargill, and the foundation stone was laid on the 31st May last. A small courthouse is now in course of erection at Matainui. During the year fairly extensive alterations and additions were carried out to the courthouses at Levin and Dargaville. A number of improvements to heating and acoustic properties in existing courthouses has been carried out during the year. This almost completes a minor programme of the past three years. The principal work carried out under this head during the year was at Gisborne, where complete heating of the courthouse was installed, and at the Magistrates' Court, Wellington, where improvements by means of circuit boosters were carried out. At Timaru improvements to the acoustics of the courtroom have been effected. The programme of rebuilding courthouses will engage attention for several years to come. The following are the main works in contemplation : At Whangarei a site has been acquired and a commencement will have been made on foundations of a new building before this report is presented ; at New Plymouth and Nelson negotiations are in progress for enlargement of the present sites, and it is hoped that plans of a new building for New Plymouth will be in preparation by the end of this calendar year, and that plans for Nelson may be undertaken during the next year ; at Thames a new site has been acquired and plans are being prepared, and at Napier a courthouse is under consideration for the near future. At Wellington there is considerable inconvenience at both Head Office and the Supreme Court through inadequate accommodation. It is frequently necessary for Judges to share rooms. Extensions to the Law Library are also essential. It is proposed to provide additions to the Arbitration Court building, which was designed for such extension. This will enable more suitable accommodation to be provided for the Judges and will relieve the congested staff accommodation at Head Office. Agriculture. During the past financial year it was not possible to proceed with the erection of the proposed new building at the Wallaceville Veterinary Laboratory, but its erection is now in hand, and when completed will provide the Veterinary Research staff with the facilities which are essential to the development and performance of the exhaustive programme of research into live-stock diseases which the Government has initiated. Laboratory accommodation is also being provided at the Mamaku Experimental Farm for the use of the research officers who have been detailed to undertake a special and exhaustive investigation into cobalt and its relation to health of stock. The investigation and research work being carried out at the Ruakura Farm of Instruction into matters associated with animal husbandry, facial eczema, weederadication, and pasture work necessitates the erection of suitable laboratory buildings to house the Chemist, Animal Physiologist, Botanist, and Veterinarian. ' Provision has therefore been made in this year's estimates for an item to cover the cost of the proposed building. Other work of major importance that is contemplated is the erection of new staff quarters at Flock House, Bulls. Plans have been prepared, and it is anticipated that the building will be completed during the current financial year. Prisons. The continuance of reduced numbers at all institutions enables existing accommodation to meet the Department's needs. Expenditure during the year, apart from maintenance, has been confined mainly to mechanization of industries, improvements to plant and buildings, and erection of staff cottages. These cottages meet the needs of additional officers appointed consequent upon the introduction

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of the forty-hour week. The net expenditure out of Public Works Fund, vote " Prison Buildings and Works," amounted to £9,476. At Waikeria Borstal Institution and Reformatory improvement to the farm and institution water-supply for domestic, live-stock drinking, and fire-fighting purposes was put under way and is now nearing completion. This has been a necessary major work involving an expenditure of approximately £3,000. At the Invercargill Borstal Institution the new mechanized laundry has been completed and the roof of the swimming-bath renewed. A newly installed plant now supplies tepid water to the swimming-bath. This important improvement, awaited for thirteen years, will enable the bath to be enjoyed throughout the year, and meets with great appreciation. The boilers for both the laundry and the bathhouse at this Institution are capable of burning run-of-mine slack purchased at the mine at 6s. per ton, resulting in a very low fuel-cost. At Auckland Prison the installation of up-to-date machines in the boot-workshop has displaced the previous method of making footwear by hand. This has resulted already in better and faster work, and also provides vocational experience conducing to the rehabilitation of prisoners upon re-entering the outer world. The additional staff cottages at Waikeria were completed during the year, and at Paparua Prison several new cottages were nearing completion at 31st March. These will, in the meantime, complete the Department's programme for married staff accommodation,. The meat and milk chilling plant at Waikeria was completed during the year, but some minor defects have deferred the regular use of the plant up to the present. Police-stations. The gross expenditure on police-stations during the year was £16,086, of which the sum of £5,000 was made available out of the Consolidated Fund towards the renewal and replacement of buildings. New police-stations to replace buildings which had become unserviceable were erected at Kaeo, Manunui, and Te Whaiti and new offices at Newmarket and Tauranga. Extensive alterations to the Central Police-station at Wellington were carried out to provide much needed and improved barrack accommodation. Houses and land were purchased for police-stations at Manurewa, Papatoetoe, Matawai, and Millerton, and land for police purposes was acquired at Hamilton and Moera. Many of the police-stations which were built over fifty years ago are now beyond repair and quite inadequate for present requirements. It is necessary to replace them at an early date, and provision in this direction is being made in this year's estimates. Post and Telegraph Buildings and Land. The erection of the following post-office buildings was completed during the year : Belfast, Dunedin (chief post-office), Kamo, Kerikeri Central, Kumeu, Mangaweka, Maungaturoto, Mayfield, Omakau, Pahiatua, Queenstown, Thames (chief postoffice), Waikari, and Waimana. In addition, residences were erected for the Postmasters at Maungaturoto, Oha ; , Omakau, Oturehua, Putaruru, Queenstown, and Waikari; and a residence was provided for the Superintendent, Awarua-Radio, and for the staff at Oturehua. Other buildings completed were an automatic telephone exchange at Napier ; combined line-depot and garage buildings at Eketahuna, Levin, Pokeno, Queenstown, Te Awamutu, and Wakefield ; and a line-depot, garage, and workshop building at New Plymouth; line-depot, garage, battery, and power buildings at Rotorua ; garages at Bulls, Hamilton, Morrinsville (two), Patea, Reefton, and Winton; cable-repeater stations at Blind River (Seddon) and Lyall Bay (Wellington) ; a power and battery building at Greymouth, and a small rural automatic telephone exchange building at Porirua. Alterations providing for improved accommodation were carried out at a number of offices, and substantial additions were made to the automatic telephone exchange building at Hamilton and the post-office buildings at Dunedin North, Epsom, Kilbirnie, Kingsland, Mount Eden, and Waimate.

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During the year several buildings and sites at various places which were no longer required were disposed of, and in some cases portions of post-office sites were disposed of to the local authorities for street purposes. Seven buildings at various places were demolished in order to make room for new buildings. Some thirteen sites and three buildings were acquired for departmental purposes. At the end of the financial year the following buildings were in course of erection : Amberley (line-depot and garage), Avondale (post-office), Christchurch (chief postoffice, first block), Clyde (line-depot and battery building), Devonport (post-office and garage), Gisborne (line-depot and garage), Huntly (line-depot), Invercargill (chief post-office), Kaipara Flats (residence for Postmaster), Linwood (post-office and quarters), Little River (post-office and quarters), Mangaweka (residence for Postmaster), Milton (post-office and quarters, and line-depot and garage building), Sumner (post-office and quarters), Tauranga (post-office), Waiau (Postmaster's residence), Wellington (office building and line-depot). Also in progress were large additions to the chief post-office building at Oamaru and the post-office buildings at Newmarket and Te Awamutu ; additions to the post-office buildings at Geraldine, Mount Albert, Taradale, Te Akau, Waimauku, and Wakefield ; alterations to the Wellesley Street (Auckland) post-office building, and the conversion to a lineman's residence of the old post-office building at Maungaturoto. The Post and Telegraph Department's building programme for the financial year 1938-39 will be equally large, plans having been prepared for new chief postoffice buildings at Hamilton, New Plymouth, and Wanganui; for large additions to the chief post-office buildings at Auckland and Palmerston North ; and for post-office buildings at Grey Lynn, Otorohanga, Owaka, St. Albans, and Te Kuiti. In addition, plans are in preparation for post-office buildings at Lower Hutt, Taupo, Waipawa, Wellesley Street (Auckland), and Whakatane, and also for additional residences, telephone-exchange buildings, line-depot and garage buildings, and additions to existing post-office buildings. MENTAL HOSPITALS. Work in connection with Kingseat Mental Hospital continues to occupy a major part of the programme, the most important item being the new Hospital Block. This will be a typical example of modern hospital design, peculiarly adapted to mental-hospital requirements. Other works at Kingseat include new residences for the Medical Officer and the Engineer, oil-store, bakery, and butchery complete with equipment, and a mortuary. Telephone and fire-alarm systems have been installed throughout. New construction also includes extensive additions to the Nurses' Home at Avondale, a residence for the Assistant Medical Officer, a mortuary and farm buildings at Tokanui, new store block, boiler-house, and workshops complete with equipment at Porirua, Nurses' Home at Ngawhatu, bakehouse and extensions to other buildings at Sunnyside, and a laundry at Templeton. Repairs and maintenance generally have been kept up to date, including restoration of fire-damage at Hokitika. In addition to the building programme, such works as water-supply and drainage, roading, telephone, and fire-alarm systems are installed or extended as required in order that the institutions shall lack no modern conveniences. HEALTH AND HOSPITAL INSTITUTIONS. An excellent site has been acquired and provision has been made to cover the cost of this and for initial payments in respect of a modern Obstetric Hospital of approximately forty beds to replace the present St. Helens Hospital at Christchurch. Improvements at the St. Helens Hospital in Auckland, Wellington, and Invercargill are also provided for. It is proposed to commence erection of a new sanitarium and bathhouse at Rotorua during the coming year.

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A contract has been let for the new hospital for male patients at Queen Mary's Hospital, Hanmer Springs. It is expected that this building will be completed during the coming financial year. Other extensions provided for include boiler-house and laundry, and a new massage and bathhouse block. A contract has been let for the new Dental Training Clinic in Wellington, and the work is now well in hand and will be completed during the coming financial year. It is also proposed to proceed with the erection of a hostel for dental nurses in training at Wellington. EDUCATION. The net expenditure of capital funds on the erection of school buildings, additions, and teachers' residences, and the purchase of sites amounted to £561,944 for the year. This sum includes £15,0-98 provided by the Consolidated Fund to meet the cost of other small capital works. The following table shows for the last four years the capital expenditure on school buildings, additions, teachers' residences, and sites : — 1934-35. 1935-36. 1936-37. 1937-38. £ £ £ £ Public schools .. ... .. 35,105 87,908 162,894 331,558 Secondary schools .. .. .. 14,679 23,516 24,092 58,924 Technical schools .. .. .. 12,851 59,350 77,836 97,740 Training colleges .. .. .. .. 610 6,730 1,984 Native schools .. .. .. 5,419 8,399 12,172 34,180 University colleges .. .. .. .. .. 3,022 39,086 Massey Agricultural College . . .. . . .. 525 Child-welfare institutions . . . . . . 221 . . 351 Special schools .. .. .. .. .. 2,473 312 School for Deaf, Sumner .. .. .. .. .. 4,841 Kindergartens .. .. .... .. .. 881 Gross total .. .. .. .. 68,054 180,004 289,744 569,857 Less credits-in-aid .. .. 10,894 48,547 7,848 7,913 £57,160 £131,457 £281,896 £561,944 ESTABLISHMENT OF AERODROMES AND SUBSIDIARY SERVICES. Air transport has assumed a position of considerable importance throughout the Dominion, especially where speed is required or difficult country has to be traversed, and during the past year considerable progress has been made with the work of establishing aerodromes, landing-grounds, and other facilities which are essential to its development. No very extensive alterations to operating air services were initiated during the year, except that East Coast Airways extended its service between Gisborne and Napier to connect with Union Airways at Palmerston North, and Air Travel, Ltd., now operate regularly in South Westland as far as Jackson's Bay. The steady growth of traffic due to increased patronage and more frequent schedules on existing services is shown in the following table

XXXI

Passengers. Freight. Mail. Length Distance Quarter ending. Air Lines flown (Miles). (Miles). Number . Passenger- pounds Ton . miles p ounds Ton-miles. miles. 31st March, 1936 .. 1,108 188,300 5,440 563,000 7,090 356 6,400 348 30th June, 1936 .. 1,108 168,600 5,050 554,000 8,500 369 19,900 1,621 30th September, 1936 1,108 163,100 4,750 540,600 8,660 449 25,550 2,245 31st December, 1936 1,108 187,300 6,130 705,000 13,770 633 33,560 2,889 31st March, 1937 .. 1,114 257,965 8,386 874,000 13,180 596 32,340 2,533 30th June, 1937 .. 1,566 249,582 7,351 770,000 16,500 661 36,800 2,883 30th September, 1937 1,566 302,000 9,873 1,265,000 17,700 838 48,100 4,011 31st December, 1937 1,671 390,629 12,600 1,725,000 27,700 1,229 68,500 5,755 31st March, 1938 .. 1,712 388,906 13,958 1,758,000 29,800 1,573 62,800 5,556

D.—l

A notable feature of air-service operation has been the regularity and safety achieved and the very few schedule runs which have been cancelled. With the completion of new aerodromes and the improvement of existing ones it is anticipated that extensions to present air-lines and some entirely new main or feeder services will be placed in operation during the summer of 1938-39. To this end concentration has been centred during the year particularly on developing flying-fields and other facilities and aids to navigation that will provide for such new services and improve conditions on the existing ones. At June, 1938, a total of 53 aerodromes and landing-grounds were licensed for regular operation. On 27 of these enlargement or improvement work was in hand during the year, while an additional 14 new fields were under construction with a view to licensing. In addition, 9 fields, of which improvement work is in hand on 7, are maintained and available as Government emergency-landing grounds, and 4 additional fields are to be developed immediately. Investigations, detailed surveys, and construction proposals for many other fields have been considered with a view to their development in the future, either as licensed aerodromes to augment the network serving air-transport needs or as emergency-landing grounds. Another major activity has been the provision of radio facilities, undertaken in conjunction with the Radio Section of the Post and Telegraph Department. Work on the first of the special radio-stations for aircraft service was commenced in June, 1937. There are now thirteen stations in operation, and the service given during the past year has been very satisfactory. Also there are eleven receiving and directionfinding stations in various stages of construction, while plans are in hand for the first of the radio approach beacons, to be located at Taieri Aerodrome. Other avenues in which the Department is associated in relation to air transport are : Compilation of the New Zealand Air Pilot; notices to airmen affecting aerodromes ; aviation strip maps ; air photography ; collection and compilation of meteorological data ; and the inspection of aerodromes for licensing purposes. A temporary aeradio and meteorological reporting station has been established on Raoul Island in the Kermadec Group, and steps are being taken to proceed with the establishment of a permanent station. The large expansion in the Royal New Zealand Air Force establishment has involved much work during the past year and is reflected in the big programme of development-work now in hand on the Air Force stations. The existing station at Wigram is being developed as a flying training school and that at Hobsonville as an aircraft base and repair depot. The establishment of a new operations station at Ohakea, near Bulls, has been commenced, and arrangements are in hand to commence immediately a similar station at Whenuapai, in the vicinity of Auckland. Most of the major work has been let to contractors, after the calling of public tenders and modern excavating machinery has been utilized, while for those works undertaken by the Department itself similar methods have been used wherever practicable. The total sum spent on aerodrome and air-route development during the year ending 31st March, 1938, was £276,300. Of this sum, £228,000 was provided from the Consolidated Fund, vote, " Aerodromes and Landing-grounds," the balance, comprising approximately £30,000, from the Employment Promotion Fund, £5,000 from the Civil Aviation vote, and miscellaneous small recoveries. In addition to the work indicated above, the Department designed and carried out or supervised the construction of buildings, structures, services, and facilities on the New Zealand Air Force Stations, the funds for which were made available from votes controlled by the Air Department. TELEGRAPH EXTENSION. The expenditure on telegraph extension by the Post and Telegraph Department for the financial year in respect of telephone, telegraph, and radio facilities throughout the Dominion amounted to £312,260, as against £232,512 for the year ended 31st March, 1937.

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D.—l.

An important event during the year was the laying of a second telephone cable across Cook Strait from Lyall Bay (North Island) to Blind River (South Island) in June. The new cable, which is 40-3 nautical miles long, is of the single-core coaxial type designed for high-frequency carrier-current operation, and will permit the simultaneous operation of twenty-three telephone channels and as many as thirty-six two-way teleprinter channels. After the completion of the necessary tests and the delivery of the high-frequency terminal equipment, four telephone channels were established over the new cable in October. These four channels will enable the Department to meet the increasing traffic demands pending the installation of the first instalment of the permanent associated equipment which provides for a total of seven telephone channels. It is expected that the full equipment necessary for the additional circuits will be installed and ready for service in June or July, 1938. The long-distance toll service was further improved during the year by the installation of a three-channel carrier-telephone system between Wellington and Christchurch. This system is being operated over the new coaxial telephone cable between Wellington and Seddon, and thence over one of the open aerial metallic circuits between Seddon and Christchurch. Consequent on the establishment of this carrier system and a new voice-frequency circuit between Wellington and Blenheim, there will become available shortly a total of thirteen telephone channels across Cook Strait. It is proposed that these thirteen channels shall be allocated for use as follows : — Wellington-Christchurch toll service . . . . . . Eight. Wellington-Christchurch voice-frequency telegraph service One. Wellington-Blenheim toll service . . . . . Two. Wellington Blenheim voice-frequency telegraph service One. Wellington-Nelson toll service ... . . . . One. Two three-channel carrier systems were also brought into operation between Auckland and Whangarei. The installation of these two systems has resulted in the speech-efficiency between Auckland and Whangarei being increased to a high level, while the release of the open-aerial circuits previously in use between those centres has made it practicable to provide improved facilities between Auckland and several other exchanges south of Whangarei. The installation of the threechannel systems has also displaced from service two single-channel carrier systems, and this equipment will be reinstalled at other places in order to effect still further improvements in the North Auckland section of the toll network. In addition, carrier systems were brought into service during the year between the following centres : — Auckland-Rotorua : One three-channel system. Napier-Wellington : One three-channel system. Napier-Dannevirke : One single-channel system. Masterton-Wellington : One single-channel system Christchurch-Dunedin : One single-channel system. Teleprinter equipment for the despatch of telegraph traffic was installed during the year at Thames, which now has a direct teleprinter outlet to Auckland. In keeping with the remarkable growth of toll and telegraph traffic the number of telephone installations continues to increase rapidly, and the net gain in subscribers totalled 9,706, as against 8,938 for the previous year. The grand total of telephone-stations in the Dominion on the 31st March now stands at the record figure of 192,019, which is 13,420 in excess of the previous year's figure. The following is a brief summary of the more important additions which have been

XXXIII

D.—l

made to telephone-exchange plant in order to provide for the ever-increasing demands for exchange service and to improve the standard of service for existing subscribers : — The laying of miles of underground cable ducts. The laying or erecting of 50 miles of lead-covered cable containing 10,667 miles of wire for subscribers' circuits. The erection of 523 miles of pole-line and 5,111 miles of open aerial wire for the connection of telephone-exchange subscribers' stations. The establishment of 112 public-call offices and pay-stations. The opening of a new magneto-telephone exchange at Thorpe. The reconstruction or partial reconstruction of open-aerial systems at a large number of telephone exchanges. The provision of additional switching-apparatus at 21 exchanges. The installation of branching multiple switchboard equipment at the Te Awamutu Telephone Exchange. The replacement of existing switchboards at 16 manual exchanges. The equipment for the new automatic telephone exchange to be installed at Napier is now arriving in the Dominion and the installation work is being proceeded with. Tenders have been called for the automatic-telephone-exchange equipment to be installed at Gisborne and New Plymouth to replace the existing manually-operated systems ; and the initial equipment for two new sub-exchanges to be installed at New Brighton and Mount Pleasant (Christchurch) is due to arrive in the Dominion within the next few months. In addition, extension equipment for the St. Albans (Christchurch), Dunedin (Main), Hamilton, Hastings, Hawera, and Khandallah (Wellington) automatic exchanges is under order, while branching multiple-switching equipment has been ordered for improving the service of a number of the larger manual exchanges. An extensive rearrangement and improvement in the transmitting-aerial system at Wellington-Radio has been undertaken during the year. At present these aerials are for the most part suspended from temporary wooden poles, but these will be replaced at an early date by steel towers. When these are erected the existing tower, which is in an unsatisfactory condition, will be dismantled. Extensive additions to the building at this station were completed recently in order to provide accommodation for the additional equipment necessitated by the continually expanding services being provided. At Awarua-Radio the 400-ft. tower which, was erected in 1913 was dismantled and temporary masts were provided to carry the various aerials pending the making of permanent arrangements. TOURIST AND HEALTH RESORTS. The expenditure for the year ending 31st March last was £23,159, as against £16,789 for the previous year. Major works completed during the year were improvements to the reserve and baths at Morere, extensions to the water and drainage and electrical systems at Rotorua, additions to the Te Anau Hotel and Lake House, Waikaremoana. Tracks were formed and bridges erected to give better access to some of the scenic attractions of the West Coast of the South Island. Flood-lighting in the Rotorua Gardens was completed and has proved an added attraction. LANDS IMPROVEMENT. The net capital expenditure from the Public Works Fund on this class of work and on dairy-industry loans during the year was £152,001, as against £62,672 for the previous period. The actual total expenditure was considerably more, £287,381, there being credits of £135,380, representing local-body contributions and recoveries from revenue funds. The work carried out under this section of the Department's activities comprises the improvement and control of rivers, reclamation of tidal-flat areas, reclamation of sand-dune country, and drainage schemes.

XXXIV

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Some of the more important schemes in hand during the year were the Taupiri and the Te K'awa drainage schemes in the Auckland District, the Ngaruroro and Tutaekuri Rivers control in Hawke's Bay, the Karamea River control scheme on the West Coast, and the Ashley River control scheme in North Canterbury. Large areas of sand-dune country are being reclaimed or arrested along the west coast of the Auckland and North Auckland districts. SETTLEMENT OF UNEMPLOYED WORKERS. The development of land for the Small Farms Board was continued satisfactorily, although the number of blocks was gradually reduced as the Board established and extended its own organization. The number of men employed on this particular scheme varied throughout the year from 925 to 1,185. The gross total expenditure from vote, " Settlement of Unemployed Workers," was £460,264, but this figure included wages, part of which were recovered from subsidies provided by the Consolidated, and Employment Promotion Funds. At 31st March, 1938, 73,000 acres were under development, the highest total since the scheme started, and this did not include 27,840 acres in 394 farms already allotted to tenants. PLANT AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT. For the year under review the Government's policy of mechanization of construction works again shows a striking comparison with the methods adopted in the past, both in the costs of the work performed, time saved in completion of various projects, and the increased number of men absorbed in these national undertakings. In all cases this plant was purchased on competitive tenders from New Zealand, British, and foreign manufacturers, and the successful selection of machinery suitable for the varied and arduous conditions found in New Zealand is reflected in the actual performances of these machines in the field. For the information of honourable members, and to emphasize the benefit that has accrued to the country through the Government's policy in this regard, I would quote only a few instances from the outstanding performances by these various modern machines on construction works throughout New Zealand. On the Kaipara Harbour reclamation works a large crawler-type Diesel tractor and angledozer were used to clear an area of heavy mangrove swamp. The use of the machine not only showed an 83-3 per cent, saving in cost, but is estimated to be twenty times as fast as manual labour for the same work. At Turangi it was found necessary to cut a channel averaging 40 ft. in width and 3 ft. in depth in the Tongariro River. A large Diesel crawler-type tractor and angledozer were employed for this work, the material excavated including boulders of a size up to | cubic yard. The actual machine cost per cubic yard against the estimated cost by manual methods showed a saving of 97-5 per cent., but as the water of this river is mainly derived from melting snow and ice it has a very low temperature and with a surface velocity of the stream through the cut of 5 ft. per second, the actual employment of manual labour under such extreme conditions would, it is considered, have greatly increased the estimated cost of £l per cubic yard. Moreover, the men employed would have been subjected to unreasonable working-conditions. Again, on the irrigation works in Canterbury a Diesel crawler tractor and grader were employed on stripping turf for racebank foundation at a 93 per cent, saving on the cost of manual methods, and, in addition, it is estimated that the machine does this work ten times as fast as a gang of eight men, and makes a better job.

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Right through the construction programme in New Zealand to-day the introduction of modern plant, of which the larger units comprise Diesel crawler-type excavators and drag-lines, Diesel crawler-type tractors and road-building equipment, Diesel locomotives, winches, and graders, and pneumatic-tired scrapers, has shown a tremendous saving in cost and time in carrying out the work. It might be assumed that the use of this large amount of plant would reduce the number of men employed on public works. This is not the case, however, as the Government's policy in mechanizing the construction works absorbs the men available by the increased number of projects that can be undertaken and completed at a cost no greater than what in the past was the cost of one undertaking with manual labour without any assistance from modern equipment. Actually the average number of men employed has increased, the figures for the last three years being : 1935-36, 12,889 ; 1936-37, 17,452 ; 1937-38, 19,881. In my visits to various works during the year I have had the opportunity of observing the operation and performance of the various types of machines in use. I was exceptionally pleased to see the progress that is being made and the manner in which the machines are functioning. This is attributable in no small degree to the high state of efficiency of the Department's organization and the ability of the machine operators, HARBOUR-WORKS. During the year the harbour at Westport was maintained by the Government. Operation of the Port at Waikokopu has been carried out by the Wairoa Harbour Board on behalf of the Public Works Department. The contract for the new reinforced-concrete wharf at Mangonui was almost completed during the year, and a new wharf was completed at Whangaparapara. General repairs have been carried out to the wharves at Waitaria Bay, Portage, and Little Wanganui Harbour, and a scheme has been prepared for the renewal of a portion of the south training-wall at Hokitika. A survey and preparation for a wharf and access thereto was carried out at Jackson's Bay. LIGHTHOUSES. The radio-beacon towers at Baring Head have been erected, the radio equipment has been installed, and a beacon put into operation. Erection of the power-house at Cape Campbell was completed during the year. Investigations were carried out in connection with proposals to electrify the light and install a radio beacon at Cape Maria van Diemen, Cuvier Island, and Moko Hinau. Plans for the renewal of the lighthouse at Ponui have been finalized, the new tower has been fabricated, and the erection of the structure will be undertaken at an early date. Stevens Island. —An engineering survey has been made for the purpose of installing a new tower and radio beacon. A power-house has been designed, all machinery and the steel mast ordered, and the necessary building will proceed immediately. NATIVE-LAND SETTLEMENT. The net expenditure from the Public Works Fund for the year under review was £254,869, as compared with £112,319 for the previous year. The gross expenditure this year was £814,177, as against £521,962 last year. The difference between the gross expenditure and the net capital expenditure this year —viz., £559,308 —is represented by grants from the Employment Promotion Fund amounting to £335,500 and farm receipts from Native lands in course of development totalling £223,808.

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With the exception of a small amount expended under the Native Housing Act, 1935, the above figures represent expenditure on the development, settlement, cultivation, and improvement of Native lands, and the progress achieved in regard to these activities is indicated in the following statement, which shows the position at the 31st March, 1938 : — Number of schemes .. . . . . . . 126 Area gazetted for development (acres) .. . . 801,090 Area under development (acres) .. .. .. 214,804 Individual settlers established . . . . . . 1,722 Labourers employed .. . . . . . . 3,163 Dependants (excluding settlers and labourers) . . 15,823 Houses erected to date (total) . . . . . . 654 Live-stock tallies — Dairy stock .. . . .. .. .. 41,817 Sheep .. .. .. .. .. 140,327 Run cattle .. .. .. .. .. 15,653 Receipts for year — £ Butterfat . . . . . . 93,841 Wool .. .. .. .. 22,903 Live-stock . . . . .. .. 93,991 Sundries .. .. .. .. 13,073 £ — 223,808 The development and settlement of Native lands is directed by the Board of Native Affairs and controlled by the Native Department, and a full report dealing with the operations of the Board and the policy adopted to encourage and assist the Maori to follow his natural calling —the cultivation of the soil—is contained in parliamentary paper G.-10. During the year the Assistant Under-Secretary to the Department, Mr. H. Arthur, retired on account of ill health after thirty-nine years' service, and I have pleasure in recording my appreciation of his services to the Public Service of this Dominion.

XXXVII

D.—l.

Muck-scraper Slide and Shield used for Rapid Conveyance of Materials from the Working-face.

View of Construction, showing Concrete-pump in Centre Foreground. Note Steel Formwork in Middle Distance and Completed Concrete Lining in Background.

WAIk'orWA fTUNNEL, WHARERATA SECTION, XAIMER-GISBORNE RAILWAY.

A

D.—l,

Leader River Bridge. Sixteen 45ft. Steel Plate Girder Spans.

Clarence River Bridge. View showing Piers under Construction and Service Track; Length, 1,530ft.

SOUTH ISLAND MAIN TRUNK RAILWAY.

D.—l.

Taratuhi Camp at South end of Amuri Bluff Tunnel.

Aerial View looking up Conway River, showing Railway-formation and Road. P.W.D. Camp on Right.

SOUTH ISLAND MAIN TRUNK RAILWAY.

D.—1.

Portal of Railway-tunnel North of Goose Bay, and Railway-formation in Foreground. Road Tunnel on Right.

Protection of Railway-formation from the Sea, North of Oaro.

SOUTH ISLAND MAIN TRUNK RAILWAY.

D.—l.

Tunnel at 82m. 1ch. looking South. Special Reinforced-concrete Lining being built past Bad Slip Country.

SOUTH ISLAND MAIN TRUNK RAILWAY.

Buller River Bridge. Pier-construction and erection Cableways.

WESTPORT-INANGAHUA RAILWAY.

D.—l

Waikaremoana: Aerial View showing Lower Development Proposals.

D.—l.

6ft.-diameter Steel Pipes ready for Lining-up and Welding.

Pipe Bend, showing Welded Construction.

Welding 6ft.-diameter Steel Pipes.

WAIKAREMOANA POWER SCHEME, No. 3 PENSTOCK.

D.—l.

Arapuni Outdoor Switching-station.

Control-room, Arapuni. View showing Old and New Equipment.

NORTH ISLAND ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEM.

D.—l.

110kV. Transformers and West Wall of Powerhouse Extension at Arapuni.

NORTH ISLAND ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEM.

Arnold River Dam.

SOUTH ISLAND ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEM.

B

D.—l.

Lake Coleridge-Arahura Transmission Line, carrying Power across the Southern Alps. View in Otira Gorge.

Lake Coleridge-Arahura Transmission Line, Otira Gorge.

SOUTH ISLAND ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEM.

D.—l.

Road-formation and Materials Transport with "Carryall," near Pukerua Bay. Note Bull-dozer Head on Tractor.

Seawall in Course of Construction.

PI;IMMERTON-PAEKAKARIKI ROAD.

I).—i.

"Angle-dozer" operating on Road-formation.

"Angle-dozer" opening up a Cutting and forming a Bank.

HAYWAEDS-PAHAUTANUI ROAD.

D.—l.

Elimination of Two Bridges by Stream-diversion.

HAY WARDS-PAH AIJTANUI ROAD.

Aerial View showing Main P.W.D. Camp on Canterbury Side of Lewis Pass.

LEWIS PASS ROAD.

D.—l.

Puhipuhi River Road Bridge, 110ft. Timber Truss Span, 10ft. 6 in. Roadway.

KAIKOURA COUNTY.

Aerial View showing Camp-site, and Materials stacked for Wharf-construction.

JACKSON'S BAY.

D.—l.

Suspension Bridge, 264ft. Span, 10ft. 6 in. Roadway, Concrete Deck.

COOK RIVER BRIDGE. MAIN SOUTH ROAD, WESTLAND.

One 70ft. and Two 19ft. Spans, 12ft. Roadway; Continuous Hollow Box Girders of Reinforcred Concrete.

CAMERON'S CREEK BRIDGE, HA AST PASS ROAD.

D.—l.

Ruth Dredger, with Conveyor Attachment on Construction of Water-race.

Speeder 3/8yd. Tractor Shovel excavating Site for Road-crossing Siphon.

ASH BTJRTO N-L YN DHUR ST IRRIG AT TON SCHEME.

D.—l.

Combined Road-crossing Siphon and Bifurcation-control Structure.

Cobble-type Drop.

ASH BURTON-LYNDHURST .1 RRIGATION SCHEME.

IX—l.

Water-drop completed; Capacity, 180 Cubic Feet of Water per Second.

Water-drop in operation; Capacity, 180 Cubic Feet per Second.

LEVELS IRRIGATION SCHEME.

D.—l.

Sheep grazing at an Average for Year of Six Ewes to the Acre on Irrigated Pasture. This Land formerly carried ¾ Ewe to the Acre.

Forming Furrows for "Border Ditch" Water-races.

LEVELS IRRIGATION SCHEME.

D.—l.

GOVERNMENT LIFE INSURANCE BUILDING, WELLINGTON.

PROPOSED NEW GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WELLINGTON.

J).—l.

COURT HOUSE, BLENHEIM.

MARLBOROUGH COLLEGE, BLENHEIM.

D.—l.

PROPOSED POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE, INVERCARGILL.

Aerial View of Lay-out of Buildings and Grounds.

KINGSEAT MENTAL HOSPITAL, AUCKLAND.

D.—l.

Perspective Sketch of Proposed Hangar.

View showing Construction.

OHAKEA AERODROME.

D.—l.

MUNICIPAL AERODROME, HARE WOOD (UNDER CONSTRUCTION).

Aerial View showing Drainage and Re-grading in Progress.

SALTWATER CREEK AERODROME, TIMARU.

D.—l.

NELSON AERODROME (UNDER CONSTRUCTION). AERADIO STATION ON LEFT.

GREYMOUTH AERODROME (UNDER CONSTRUCTION).

I)

D.—l.

TABLE No. 1. Summary showing the Total Expenditure on Public Works and other Services out of Public Works Fund (General Purposes Account) to 31st March, 1938' and the Liabilities on that Date.

I—D. 1.

1

N Tf ber K ,»,t EX dun d "g Ur8 Recoveries Total Total Table Works. Expenditure Twelve Months on Account of Net Expenditure Liabilities on Net Expenditure containing Q to ended Services to 31st March, 1938. and Works. Details. 31st Ma rcb, 1937. 31gt 1938 of Previous Years. 31st March, 1938. Liabilities. I ! £ £ £ £ £ £ 3 Railways*.. .. .. 57,600,966 2,412,990 700 60,013,256 94,672 60,107,928 Railways.* '' 5°a<! s t ;• •• •• 23,899,855 1,126,757 253 25,026,359 116,971 25,143,330 Roads.t 4 Public buildings* 12,J81,988 1,234,779 38,237 13,978,530 80,116 14,058,646 Public buildings.}; Telegraphs 11,988,430 312,260 .. 12,300,690 1.235 12,301,925 Telegraphs. Departmental .. 3,211,990 188,040 19,489 3,380,541 8,861 3,389,402 Departmental. Charges and expenses of raising loans 3>828, 307 .. 3,828,307 .. 3,828,307 Charges and expenses of raising loans. Lighthouses, harbour-works, and har- 1,323,345 11,677 200 1,334,822 914 1,335,736 Lighthouses, harbour-works, and harbour bour defences defences Irrigation and water-supply! .. X 71,659 .. 1,385,900 13,722 1,399,622 Irrigation and water-supply .§ Lands improvement 11 .. .. 980,343 147,436 10,699 1,117,080 12,478 1,129,558 Lands improvements Tourist and health resorts / .. 733,925 23,159 .. 757,084 499 757,583 Tourist and health resorts. Settlement of unemployed workers 1) .. 756,502 310,665 .. 1,067,167 4,574 1,071,741 Settlement of unemployed workers.11 Swamp land drainage .. .. 80,881 19,402 .. 100,283 2,211 102,494 Swamp land drainage. Native land settlement .. .. 254,869 25,018 696,717 29,928 726,645 Native land settlement. Dairy industry loans .. .. 41,260 .. 45,825 .. 45,825 Dairy industry loans. 119,008,899 6,118,258 94,596 125,032,561 366,181 125,398,742 Closed accounts 0 olt> ftlo Closed accounts Immigration .. 3,312,913 .. 144 3,312,769 .. 3,312,769 Immigration. Purchase of Native lands .. .. ?,054, 024 .. .. 2,054,024 .. 2,054,024 Purchase of Native lands. Defence .. .. 1,401,080 .. 40 1,401,040 .. 1,401,040 Defence. ,, ,, f ;„ 77 Development of mmmg •• 830,855 .. .. 830,855 .. 830,855 Development of mining. i mg wot son ames go dfields 00,000 .. 1,141 48,859 .. 48,859 Aiding works on Thames goldfields. Plant, material, and services .. 139,344 .. .. 139,344 .. 139,344 Plantf material, and services. Interest and sinking fund .. .. 218,500 .. .. 218,500 .. 218,500 Interest and sinking fund. Rates on Native lands .. .. 68,672 .. .. 68,672 .. 68,672 Rates on Native lands. Motor transport services .. .. 33,635 .. .. 33,635 .. 33,635 Motor transport services. ;: S7S Thermal springs 14,600 .. .. 14,600 .. 14,600 Thermal springs. 10 of 1878 Coal-exploration and mine-develop- 10,835 .. .. 10,835 .. 10,835 Coal-exploration and mine-develop-ment ment f * 8,134,458 .. 1,325 8,133,133 .. 8,133,133 Transfer to Main Highways Account, 1,226,000 .. .. 1,226,000 7 1,226,000 Transfer to Main Highways Account, Construction Fund Construction Fund. Totals '• •• •• 128,369,357 .. 95,921 134,391,694 366,181 134,757,875 Totals. v n0t mcl " ( J e ® x 5 end^ u J® on H "* t Rail y a y and Road Improvement, Wellington-Manawatu Purchase, and Railways Improvement Accounts. Includes £150,000 paid to Midland Railway bondholders. f £4,5°° expended under section 16 (1), Native Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act, 1923. J Includes £12,500 expended under Finance Act, 1929 section 32 Includes £ f-263 expended under Reserves and other Lands Disposal Act, 1936, section 32. § Includes £115,000 previously expended under Irrigation and Water-supply Account, l® 11 12 to 191o 16 and part 1917 18, now included m Public Works Fund ; also £6,727 previously expended on irrigation under Lands Improvement now transferred to Irrigation and Water-supply. Loar 7 prevl ?"fly e-jpended on irrigation under this item now transferred to Irrigation and Water-supply; does not include £300,930 expended and included under Roads Class. If Includes £4,865 expended under Finance Act, 1932 (No. 2), section 6. 11

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TABLE No. 2. GENERAL SUMMARY. Showing Net Yearly Expenditure out of Public Works Fund (General Purposes Account), 1916-17 to 1937-38.

2

N.B. —The figures in italics, prefixed by " Cr.," are either recoveries on account of services of previous years or receipts -in-aid applied in reduction of expenditure. Total Net Expenditure. Description of Services. Expenditure to 31st I March, 1916. 1916-17. 1917-18. 1918-19. 1919-20. 1920-21. 1921-22. 1922-23. j 1923-24. 1924-25. j 1925-26. j 1926-27. £ £££££££££££ Immigration.. .. .. .. .. .. 2,331,742 6,533 3,856 Cr.12,018 Cr. 62,561 Cr. 7,806 247,528 90,611 92,600 136,353 107,521 184,918 Cr. 140 Cr. 1,267 Cr. 16 Cr. 443 Public Works, Departmental .. .. .. .. 1,062,954 131,701 127,962 115,419 121,677 143,280 128,002 111,367 110,445 127,556 126,596 115,866 Cr. 2,662 Cr. 4,119 Cr. 6,280 Cr. 525 Cr. 131 Cr. 69 Cr. 19 Cr. 129 Cr. 35,918 Irrigation and Water-supply .. .. .. 131,828 28,754 11,650 22,919 34,115 55,345 83,313 58.131 95,467 127,995 56,227 56,937 Cr. 18,451 Cr. 9,854 Cr. 31 Railways .. .. .. .. .. .. 33,099,899. 620,947 495,771 387,923 748.649 1,365,466 3,133,200 2,110,859 1,776,413 1,878,729 1,988,614 1,480,807 Cr. 4,845 Cr. 110 Cr. 4,924 Cr.105, 196 Cr. 388 Cr. 751 Cr. 3,171 Cr. 1,167 Cr.37 ,924 Cr. 16,875 Cr.95,647 Payment to Midland Railway Bondholders .. .. 150,000 .. Roads: — ■ Miscellaneous Roads and Bridges .. .. .. 9,671,554 203,746 128,730 221,887 376,097 527,854 552,895 643,156 751,370 603,968 564,694 575,898 Cr. 600 Cr. 997 Cr. 603 Cr. 81 Cr. 197 Cr. 244 Cr. 188 Cr. 231 Cr. 4,810 Cr. 981 Roads on Goldfields.. .. .. .. .. 1,051,748 17,099 6,912 4,186 12,465 11,050 11,264 4,850 2,867 2,755 3,934 2,230 Development of Thermal Springs and Natural Scenery .. 16,023 .. .. .. .. .. Lands Improvement Account* .. .. .. 300,930 Total, Roads .. .. .. .. 11,040,255 220,845 135,042 225,076 387,959 538,823 563,962 647,762 754,049 606,492 563,818 577,147 Development of Mining .. .. .. .. 891,422 4,592 27 518 1,173 2,153 2,130 Cr. 98 1,363 Cr. 6,545 Cr. 1,000 Cr. 7,008 Cr. 1,606 Cr. 51 Cr. 1,785 Cr. 2,310 Purchase of Native Lands .. .. .. .. 1,570,851 Cr. 868 Cr. 57 .. Cr. 57 Cr. 59 Cr. 52 .. .. .. .. Cr. 535 Native Lands Purchase Account .. .. .. 491,980 Total, Land Purchases .. .. .. 2,062,831 Cr. 868 Cr. 57 .. Cr. 57 Cr. 59 Cr. 52 .. .. .. .. Cr. 535 Telegraph Extension .. .. .. .. .. 3,207,720 203,311 213,955 198,611 249,379 336,468 590,981 512,657 717,409 957,294 931,661 558,042 I __ Cr. 11.082 * Excludes expenditure subsequent to 1900 included under separate class " Lands Improvement." [Continued on page 3.

D.—l

TABLE No. 2— continued. GENERAL SUMMARY— continued. Showing Net Yearly Expenditure out of Public Works Fund (General Purposes Account), 1916-17 to 1937-38— continued.

1

3

Expenditure. : TotaJ jj et Description of Services. — — ; : 1 —— Expenditure i ; to 3lst 1927-28. 1928-29. , 1929-30. j 1930-31. 1931-32. ; 1932-33. 1933-34. 1934-35. j 1935-36. 1936-37 1937-38. I March, 1938. ! _J I I I I I I I 1 i ~~ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ Immigration .. . .. .. .. 67,157 50,266 41,756 33,544 5,265 .. .. ! .. .. .. . 3 312 769 Cr. 283 Cr. 210 Cr. 583 Cr. 532 I Cr. 370 Cr. 362 Cr. . 146 Cr. 144 Public Works. Departmental .. .. .. .. 130,951 142,252 132,783 131,816 151,377 104,904 98,703 76,486 99,384 137,769 188,040 3 380 541 Cr.13,328 Gr.88,499 Cr.51,671 Cr. 16,381 Or.33,947 Cr.52,639 Cr.33,872 Cr.31,154 Cr.28,178 Cr. 17,709 Cr 19,489 irrigation and Water-supply* . .. .. .. 49,735 55,198 69,657 62,614 37,749 53,290 66,838 91,241 85,414 11,062 71,659 1,385,900 Cr. 2,798 Cr. 8 Cr. 96 Railways .. .. .. .. .. 1,141,822 1,216,277 1,812,521 1,987,196 952,388 160,853 132,111 125,600 258,011 1,019,094 2,412,990 59,863,256 Cr. 1,699 Cr. 2,595 Cr. 1,296 Cr. 792 Cr.20,568 Cr. 9,056 Cr. 20 Cr.134, 696 Cr. 461 Cr. 700 Payment to Midland Railway Bondholders .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 150,000 Roads: — Miscellaneous Roads and Bridges .. .. .. 669,833 780,990 1,005,330 1,379,810 1,078,270 396,559 359,671 371,573 444,377 913,720 1,126,757 23 334 724 Cr. 540 Cr. 330 Cr. 415 Cr. 472 Cr. 564 Cr. 1,171 Cr. 445 Cr. 471 Cr. 250 Cr. 172 Cr. 253 Roads to give access to Outlying Districts .. .. 33,642 51,582 53,693 91,126 3,940 .. .. .. .. .. .. 233 983 Roads on Goldfields .. .. .. .. .. 2,330 1,005 1,885 4,586 .. .. .. .. 1 140 699 Cr. 467 Development of Thermal Springs and Natural Scenery .. j .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 023 Lands Improvement Account .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 300' 930 Total, Roads .. .. .. .. 704,798 833,247 1,060,493 1,475,050 1,081,646 395,388 359,226 371,102 444,127 913,548 1,126,504 25,026,359 Development of Mining .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., ., ., _ gyg 714 Cr. 1,130 Cr. 260 Cr. 260 Cr. 260 Cr. 50 " Cr. 143 Cr. " 17 Cr. 1,141 Purchase of Native Lands .. .. .. .. Cr. 56 .. .. .. .. .. Cr. 7,123 .. .. .. .. 1,562,044 Native Lands Purchase Account .. .. .. .. .. j .. .. .. .. ggQ Total, Land Purchases .. .. .. Cr. 56 .. .. .. .. .. Cr. 7,123 .. .. .. .. 2,054,024 Settlement of Unemployed Workers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 118,723 172,109 222,309 151,345 92,016 310,665 1,067,167 Telegraph Extension .. . .. .. .. 625,540 624,414 594,383 419,756 249,978 99,999 144,160 135,933 195,380 232,513 312,260 12,300,690 Cr. 32 * Includes £6,727 previously included under Lands Improvement class.

D.—l.

TABLE No. 2—continued. GENERAL SUMMARY— continued. Showing Net Yearly Expenditure out of Public Works Fund (General Purposes Account), 1916-17 to 1937-38— continued.

4

Oi ]0 © 2? X £5 S Jh I a SS2 . § . S .§253 . 8 8 §8 . « . S? ** cs • i-h M i> to" • - co la .tCrf ■ 5 » « • 2 ' 8. s • H " i _ J § IS ! S Illi li £1 ill I i§S§ .1.1 « ro - :t." ® ® : : ■>" ■ $ •*- |t ~ • § ° ." . ■ 00 ' -J 5 (M IN - ,; 00 c t~ • « . ■ go | rH OO OOOO OO -hkj c532S Ez S« £2 a <M Tf OS ®no _ co co-# _ in 1 "g.'-v.S.S §V 8 : S : c "i : f " • « • o 5 o o o o g 3 « p s ° s gsi ® s SJ 2 3 S*§00 W rH >0 "* . °i . l „ •S • C<T CD oi (N GO" • CO !> * *22 50 * . 2 g «N - © <M . V > <S _$ ® 8 2532 § 3g S $ S§ 2 §| § § N io o N IN II 00 OS<*3 «5lO 00 tHO ®» >0 6 : * r .« ® P, : 3 : i ~® 00 ' S ~ £ $ £ O to_« £ !>• CO O CO *0 1—1 CO H ffljoio © © £ ©3 iO iO rtl O N CO CO CO <2 iS 32 3 (N © fO l> W ffi«0 lO GO fH i-H . g rH |C I rH « « . ■ ■# ' «" <N oT ~ '3 ® ' 2 IS* "* w 2$ -* s | 0500 9£ o © CO TH coco © i2 }5 § 00 rH JO © Oo CO CO «0) lO CO ». . OS* : -J O !D CO '■ 10" l> ■ 3 OS • O 1# Tf • ° CO to ,« 35 rH IN o OS J> . "-J " ° _i y S 8 S3 5 3 §E: S § s S S S3 | § _oq . M *, O OTtrc0"'»C00 * 00i0»>©© CO* CO* 55 CO (NMCO CO r-H © <N CO cr> a> t> (N © (M©©C0©C0© 92 • S ©Kt- CO lO oq © CO <M © 2 r2 © CO CO (M C-y CO cot^ 00 • • CO Co" CO • • TH • <N W5 Tin" t- JO —• CO • *0 r-4 lu (M rH I—I CO CTJ rH (M rH oo © a>oooo©c3 joS S S S S§S3 2 00 S o © © >0 <N »OW . ti _J* *0 rC M 00 CO • 'tO ' CO lO lO <N« r-f IjNlM H H CO CM © rH H OS rH t.TJ (J<J 1-1 o 3£§§5;3 | I i I B s 11 I I t- O lO oq O rH t-- © r, , ci <N <M* IQ rH (M * t> O CO JO CO rH CO g I-H (M rH CI (M C- _ mr-H cm {OHio>OTti®GO®o)a $ J? S t- 53225S © J> o S © <N »0 CO <N <N «5 °1 - H 9 ■H rH I- O © CO !>• CM rH CO r-l »0 © CO « 00 J3 S ® 22 ' co© «| 0 | S S £l f- r-H <N O <NC0 iO H A rH <N ©" J. o a ® jS n3 ::::::::::::::: S : : : : : 8 £ > s M ® l5 CI ® » S • • • O W • • • « . w .. • • • • • • • C • • • , • o g .2 ' * ' 2 ® H § ■§ 3 ta g •2 g | Mb- i •S ® • • s a .2 a o .0 a . . . r-J O • • • H | -s "•■••§&•■' l»» " 3 5 -9, a -g J S I a i « ° 2 'o- " -S >3 S 8 -3 j .5 MbD -3 d -0 0 ce t—H !»3 S a ®° • « I J3 a .9 1 o a -J a t £ t«- jo 'S ■S • a3 B4^ £Ei 'a_&Hffl 0 ;g>S H .fc | II |ii * H § g i ■§ « | Q *|? ■? | r S "X - '2g'-« M W=aw5' g Z (Sa I I ||i M § Sill ll||a|-il| | | £ J 03

D.—l.

TABLE No. 2— continued. GENERAL SUMMARY— continued. Showing Net Yearly Expenditure out of Public Works Fund (General Purposes Account), 1916-17 to 1937-38— continued.

5

Expenditure. Total Net . . . i j j j ; i i i j Expenditure Description o Services. 1927-28. 1928-29. 1929-30. 1930-31. 1931-32. 1932-33. j 1933-34. j 1934-35. 1935-36. ! 1936-37. | 1937-38. ! u a r°if, 1 1938. Public Buildings :— £ £ £ £ ££££;£££ General (including Miscellaneous) .. .. .. 42,553 4,272 14.106* 85,204 33,189 2,107 594 30,713 39,447 57,668 258,9/8 1,331,599 Cr. 1,065 Cr. 420 Cr. 3,156 Cr. 55 Cr. 4,231 Cr. 2,067 Cr. 1,075 Cr.14,087 Cr.125,964 Gr. 59 Gr. 201 Parliamentary .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 27,142 15,723 37 .. .. 27 .. j 527,294 /Courthouses .. .. .. •• 7,531 8,387 15,765 19,572 3,513 970 72 533 8,701 2,655 16,403 .. Gr. 95 Cr. 29 Cr. 16,403 Cr. 529 Cr. 222 Cr. 255 Cr. 93 Cr.4,278 Cr. 644 Cr. 200 Judicial J Prisons .. .. .. .. •• 22,358 12,573 18,814 2,504 2,621 2,026 1,018 1,605 2,123 4.621 9,476 . ]w0 «o ) Cr. 524 Cr. 321 Cr. 285 Cr. 134 Cr. 67 Cr. 71 Cr. 20 \ ' 0 >" a I Police-stations .. .. .. .. 5,561' 6,925 8,442 8,360 2,535 1,022 74 2,754 6,710 7,149 11,086 j Gr. 970 Cr. 605 Cr. 319 Cr. 54 Cr. 91 Cr. 80 Cr. 79 Cr. 240 Cr. 35 Cr. 172 Cr. 546 J Post and Telegraph .. .. .. .. 77,194 62,087 104,157 138,671 104,505 2,763 21,078 100,484 232,285 158.005 248,145 3,193,365 ° Cr. 834 Cr. 1,980 Cr. 197 Cr. 1,391 Cr. 3,179 Cr. 4,823 Cr. 1,502 Cr. 582 Cr.2,760 Cr. 1,436 Cr.36,844 Customs .. .. .. .. .. .. • • ■ • • • • • • • • • • ■ • • • ■ • ■ • • fo' f Quarantine Stations .. .. .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • >^64 Mental Hospitals 51,119 96,782 152,096 134,140 45,938 28,756 73,021 98,629 67,465 142,109 125,829 2,226,957 F Gr. 3,600 Gr. 860 Cr. 40 Cr. 177 Public Health .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• •• 32,754 Health and Hospital institutions 14,361 19,637 16,651 17,338 3,316 301 1,248 656 2,191 12,921 15,747 399,468 Cr. 310 Cr. 1 Cr. 113 Cr. 150 School Buildings .. .. .. .. .. •• 259,149 52,623 52,239 51,506 122,357 268,884 546,846 4,437,050 Cr. 2,428 Cr. 1,110 Cr. 40 Cr. 805 Cr. 217 Cr. 933 Cr. 2 Cr. 412 Agricultural .. .. .. .. .. 2,863 2,808 2,963 1,509 .. .. 48 88 85 60,902J 2,269{ 161,103 Cr. 2,395 Cr. 1,721 Cr. 194 Cr. 1,927 Cr. 1,535 Cr. 437 Cr. 32 Cr. 115 Cr. 34 Workers' Dwellingsf .. • • • • • • • ■ • • • • • ■ ■ • • • • • Cr.319, 918 Total, Public Buildings .. .. .. 216,237 205,262 354,429 403,680 443,878 81,657 145,089 Cr.48,241 347,394 712,316 1,196,542 13,978,530 Lighthouses, Harbour-works, and Harbour-defences :— Lighthouses .. .. .. .. .. 7,979 2,637 4,460 4,103 5,046 688 1,276 4,021 3,320 630 8,260 288,155 Cr. 500 Harbour-works .. .. .. .. .. 15,891 14,425' 10,736 6,742 6,987 Gr. 5,277 11,988 2,581 Cr. 399 669 3,417 501,859 Cr. 165 j Cr. 2 Cr. 200 Harbour-defences .. .. .. .. .. .. . • • • ■ • • • • • • • • • • • ■ • • ■ 544, 808 Total, Lighthouses, &c. ... .. .. 23,705 17,062; 14,696 10,845 12,033 Cr. 4,589 13,264 6,602 2,921 1,297 11,477 1,334,822 Rates on Native Lands ... .. .. .. .. .. •. • • • • • • • • • • • • .. j .. 68,672 _ * Includes £12,500 expended under Finance Act, 1929, section 32. t Transferred to State Advances Account. J Includes £60,263 expended under Reserves and other Lands Disposal Act, 1936, section 32 (Flock House purchase).

D.—l

TABLE No. 2—continued. GENERAL SUMMARY— continued. Showing Net Yearly Expenditure out of Public Works Fund (General Purposes Account), 1916-17 to 1937-38— continued.

6

Total Net Expenditure. Description of Services. Ex P™'-j' s t t ,lre ■ : ( March, 1916. 1916-17. 1917-18. : 1918-19. 1919-20. 1920-21. 1921-22. 1922-23. 1923-24. , 1924-25. 1925-26. 1926-27 I i | | - .. , _ . £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ I £ £ £ £ Contingent Defence .. .. .. .. .. 1,027,235 9,742 6,714 8,809 10,187 8,701 15,586 1,702 4,931 27,133 89,670 34 014 Or. 922 Cr. 463 Cr. 280 Or. 580 Cr. 33 Cr. ' 751 Tourist and Health Resorts .. .. .. .. i 257,415 1,094 931 1,620 6,194 19,041 17,996 5,435 27,264 12,343 43,486 31 981 Or. 110 Cr. 81 Lands Improvement* .. .. .. .. 133,774 Cr. 2,731 1,838 | Cr. 4,268 2,964 2,064 17.478 26,204 18,182 34,172 70,493 56,267 Cr. 19 Cr. ' 135 Charges and Expenses of raising T.oans .. .. 1,253,040 35; 1 I 184 174,280 62,399 311,905 241,930 297,180 155,373 - - — - - . - ■ Interest and Sinking Funds .. .. .. .. 218,500 .. .. .. .. j : | ~ ~~ Coal-exploration and Mine-development .. .. 10,835 ! Thermal Springs . .. .. .. .. 14,600 Plant, Material, and Services .. .. .. .. 74,417 9,778 6,811 20,638 47,682 169,910 122,801 Cr. 4,983 Cr. 49,1-59 Cr. 30,956 36,930 Cr. 9,334 Or. 31 Or. 16 Cr. 1 Cr. 855 Cr. 1,992 Motor Transport Service .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 22,679 962 5,000 4,994 Transfer to Main Highways Account: — Construction Fund .. .. .. .. | .. 226,000 .. 400,000 Total Ways and Means Credits .. .. | 3,713 43,492 11,993 112,864 19,628 \ 11,616 20,127 9 142 40 793 27 474 146 933 Grand Total— Net Expenditure .. .. 64,797,996 1,488,786 1,193,930 1,195,489 1,907,850 3,121,132 5,449,351 3,892,320 4,056,423 4,558] 570 4,588411 3,84M26 * Expenditure prior to 1901 (totalling £300,930) included under separate class " Roads." [Continued on page 7.

D.—l.

TABLE No. 2— continued. GENERAL SUMMARY—continued. Showing Net Yearly Expenditure out of Public Works Fund (General Purposes Account), 1916-17 to 1937-38— continued.

7

Expenditure. j Total Net „ . ,, _ „ , Expenditure Description of Services. — " i to 31st 1927-28. 1928-29. 1929-30. 1930-31. 1931-32. 1932-33. 1933-34. 1934-35. | 1935-36. 1936-37 1937-38. March, 1938. i : I i ! £ ' £ £ £ £ £££££££ Contingent Defence .. .. .. .. .. 39,986 67,652 46,766 13,812 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,401,040 Gr. 465 Cr. 648 Cr. 1,325 Cr. 5!16 Gr. 4,039 Cr. 624 Cr. 76 Gr. 704 Cr. 64 Gr. 40 Tourist and Health Resorts .. .. .. .. 36,673 39,254 20,547 60,288 87,609 14,454 13,510 12,880 13,683 16,789 23,159 757,084 Gr. 516 Gr. 440 Gr. 1,213 Gr. 2,494 Cr. 85 Cr. 877 Cr. 21 Cr. 705 Cr. 20 Lands Improvement* .. .. .. .. .. 72,898 85,861 79,454 70,534 38,899 38,906 71,825 82,092 37,909 62,673 147,436 1,117,080 Cr. 2,574 Cr. 87 Cr. 112 Cr. 1,041 Cr. 506 Or. 248 Gr. 329 Gr. 722 Cr. 1,006 Cr.10,366 Cr.10,699 Swamp Land Drainage ., .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,807 13,959 15,019 12,922 24,965 19,402 100,283 Cr. 297 Cr. 231 Cr. 263 Dairy Industry Loans.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• .. •• 10,750 30,510 4,565 45,825 Charges and Expenses of raising Loans .. .. .. 100,297 438,238 518,158 164,535 98,098 15,851 14 600 .. .. 3,828,307 Cr. 3,811 Interest and Sinking Funds .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• •• 218,500 Coal-exploration and Mine-development .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• •• 10,835 Thermal Springs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• •• •• 14,600 Plant, Material, and Services .. .. .. .. Cr.17,610 Cr. 6,551 Cr. 35,092 Cr. 42,824 Gr. 103,571 Gr.45,463 1,421 Cr.10,513 22,438 J .. 139,344 Cr. 8,985 Cr. 1,224 Gr. 360 Cr. 216 Cr. 1,338 Cr. 161 Cr. 22 Cr. 165 Cr. 418 Cr. 1,642 Native Land Settlement .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 179,485 125,790 71,901 112,318 254,869 696,717 Cr. 52 Cr. 9,662 Cr. 9,491 Cr. 3,423 Cr.25,018 Motor Transport Service .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33,635 Transfer to Main Highways Account Construction Fund .. .. .. .. .. 200,000 200,000 200,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,226,000 Total Ways and Means Credits .. .. 40,026 106,429 62,859 41,583 72,214 74,416 47,092 378,689 309,501 36,630 95,921 Grand Total— Net Expenditure .. .. 3.360,638 3,870,577 4,854, 314f 4,769,076 2,994,624 984,446 1,369,370 1,163,891 1,578,298 3,333,039 6,022,337 134,391,694 * Expenditure on Irrigation and Water-supply —1905— 6, £22 ; 1906-7, £750 ; 1907-8, £1,554 ; 1908-9, £1,966 ; 1909-10, £2,435, now transferred to Irrigation and Water-supply. f Includes £12,500 expended under Finance Act, 1929. section 32. } Now provided for under Consolidated Fund.

D.—l.

TABLE No. 3. Expenditure on Railways to 31st March, 1938.

8

Expenditure out of Public Works Fund Total Expenditure on^ c Z£f of during Year 1937-38. New Works. Total Expenditure Vsl ™^'3, 0rkS Lines of Kaiiway. f or * Genera, — o^S'to 31st March, 1937. 31st March, 1938. * Lines. M. ch. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Kaihu Valley .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 32 179,143 14 9 .. .. .. 179,143 14 9 Opua Wharf to Whangarei and Onerahi .. .. .. 58 06 605,186 11 8 .. .. 4,057 18 8 609,244 10 4 Otiria to Ngapuhi .. .. .. .. .. 13 45 127,445 15 6 .. .. 2 12 6 127,448 8 0 Whangarei Branch (Kioreroa to Waiotira) .. .. .. 19 79 420,483 1 0 .. .. 399 0 0 420,882 1 0 North Auckland Main Trunk — Ngapuhi Northwards .. .. .. .. .. 11 00 881,406 11 3 700 0 0 Cr. 932 12 3 .. 879,773 19 0 Helensville Northwards .. .. .. .. 83 39 2,989,052 4 0 .. .. 4,629 19 3 2,993,682 3 3 North Auckland Main Trunk to Dargaville .. .. .. .. 450,132 17 7 .. 13,244 10 11 .. 463,377 8 6 Helensville to Awamutu .. .. .. .. .. 148 67 5,941,158 0 7 .. .. Cr. 568 17 10 5,940*589 2 9 Waiuku Branch (Paerata to Waiuku) .. .. .. 12 69 208,909 9 6 .. .. 3 0 0 208,912 9 6 Huntly to Awaroa .. .. .. .. .. 8 75 184,379 5 0 .. .. .. i 184,379 5 0 Waikokowai Branch .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,442 0 0 .. .. 3 442 0 0 Frankton to Thames .. .. .. .. .. 62 58 3 7 .. .. 440 12 2 15 9 Cambridge Branch (Ruakura Junction to Cambridge) .. 12 02 61.831 17 3 .. .. 1 0 0 61,832 17 3 Morrinsville to Rotorua .. .. .. .. 69 33 433,600 5 1 .. .. 9,093 12 10 442 \693 17 11 Marton to Te Awamutu .. .. .. .. .. 209 69 3,122,657 13 5 .. .. 17,234 13 5 3,139,892 6 0 Waipa Gravel Access Branch .. .. .. .. .. 114 0 0 .. .. 114 0 0 Raetihi Branch .. .. .» .. .. 8 50 89,452 2 1 .. .. .. 89,452 2 1 Rotorua to Taupo .. .. .. .. .. .. 37,862 13 11 .. .. .. 37,862 13 11 Paeroa to Pokeno .. .. .. .. .. .. 22,890 1 8 .. 6,290 11 2 .. 29.180 12 10 Paeroa to Tauranga .. .. .. .. .. 50 65 1,250,594 2 7 .. .. 901 1 5 1,251,495 4 0Tauranga to Taneatua, including Te Maunga to Maunganui 59 17 1,497,428 2 0 .. .. .. 1,497,428 2 0 Branch Gisborne to Motu .. .. .. .. .. 49 32 625,075 6 9 .. .. 1,728 18 1 626,804 4 10 Gisborne to Ormond Tramway .. .. .. .. ! .. 4,975 1 7 .. .. .. 4,975 1 7 Napier to Gisborne — Gisborne Southwards .. .. .. .. .. 11 51 284,846 10 1 .. . Cr. 220 16 8 .. 284,625 13 5 Waikokopu Northwards .. .. .. .. .. 795,328 7 0 .. 410,101 10 6 .. 1,205.429 17 6 Wairoa Northwards .. .. .. .. .. .. 20,681 12 6 .. .. .. 20,681 12 6 Napier Northwards .. .. .. .. .. 38 62 ; 2,449,815 7 6 .. 79,058 11 6 .. j 19 0 Waikokopu Branch .. .. .. .. .. .. 630,049 17 2 .. 20,616 19 3 .. ' 650.666 16 5 Wellington to Napier — Napier to Woodville and Palmerston North .. .. 114 06 1,166,526 11 8 .. .. 5,417 7 7 ; 1,171,943 19 3 Wellington to Woodville, including Te Aro Extension .. 129 30 3,257,471 2 1 .. .. 28,043 2 3 j 3,285.514 4 4 Featherston to Martinborough .. .. .. .. .. 399 0 0 .. .. 399 0 0 Wellington to Waitara — Wellington to Longburn .. .. .. .. 83 37 3,879,250 15 2 .. .. 305,958 3 6 j 4,185.208 18 8 Foxton to Waitara and Moturoa .. .. .. 196 22 2,139,936 11 1 .. .. 135,421 10 0 ! 2,275,358 1 1 Mount Egmont Branch .. .. .. .. 6 00 70,536 1 6 .. .. .. ' 70.536 1 6 Moturoa to Opunake .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,105 0 0 .. .. .. 3,105 0 0 Opunake Branch (Te Roti to Opunake) .. .. .. 22 63 447,862 16 7 .. .. .. 447,862 16 7 Manaia Branch (Kapuni to Manaia) .. .. .. .. 9,483 6 0 .. .. .. 9' 483 6 0 Rangitikei River Quarry Line .. .. .. .. .. 206 0 0 .. .. .. j 206 0 0

D.—l,

TABLE No. 3— continued. Expenditure on Railways to 31st March, 1938— continued.

9

Expenditure out of Public Works Fund un» of Ban**}. -tv— v :ss:i s 31 S ?™193°7. ofPrevioua Construction and ■ surveys. Lines _ . , ; : M. ch. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. j £ s. d. Stratford to Okahukura .. .. .. .. .. 89 00 3,072,723 12 9 .. Gr. 1,557 2 0 22,183 6 4 3,093,349 17 1 Nelson to Greymouth — Nelson to Inangahua .. .. .. .. .. 64 47 718,260 19 0 .. 2,297 12 2 1.334 2 10 721,892 14 0 78,307 0 0 Stillwater to Inangahua .. .. .. .. 57 32 226,593 15 11 .. .. 3,683 14 11 230,277 10 10 279,685 0 0 Ngahere to Blackball .. .. .. .. 3 40 147,881 12 11 .. .. .. 147,881 12 11 Westport to Ngakawau .. .. .. .. .. 19 56 209,904 14 2 .. .. 2,131 0 0 212,035 14 2 Ngakawau to Mokihinui .. .. .. .. .. 7 12 I * .. .. 33 9 6 33 9 6 Mokihinui to Colliery Line .. .. .. .. 3 69 1 f .. .. .. .. ' Westport to Cape Foulwind .. .. .. .. 7 00 t .. .. .. . . ! Westport to Inangahua .. .. .. .. .. 5 74 706,077 4 81 .. 149,308 16 3 794 4 1 856,180 5 0 Greymouth to Rewanui .. .. .. .. .. 2 44 259,815 10 2 .. .. 4.831 3 9 264,646 13 11 Point Elizabeth Branch .. .. .. ... .. 8 70 74,363 10 11 I .. .. .. 74.363 10 11 I Greymouth to Ross and Mikonui .. .. .. .. 38 68 431.416 9 3 .. .. 5,516 5 6 436,932 14 9 Picton to Waipara — Picton Southwards .. .. .. .. .. 56 06 1,038.330 13 10 .. 202.309 18 10 1,993 15 1 1,242,634 7 9 Waipara Northwards .. .. .. .. .. 44 14 729,005 1 9 .. 276,468 4 2 .. 1,005.473 5 11 Christchurch to Greymouth — Rolleston to Bealey .. .. .. .. .. 73 07 1,012,029 5 11 .. .. .. 1,012,029 5 11 61,579 0 0 Whitecliffs Branch .. .. .. .. .. 11 38 25,021 0 0 .. .. .. | 25.021 0 0 Greymouth to Bealey .. .. .. .. .. 58 12 1,980,663 17 9 .. .. 10,473 8 1 1,991.137 5 10 263,889 0 0 Hurunui to Waitaki — Main Line (Waiau to Waitaki) .. .. .. .. 219 07 2,711,467 15 2 .. .. 8.372 19 11 2,719,840 15 1 316,135 0 0 Oxford Branch (Rangiora to Oxford West) .. .. 21 76 49,697 17 2 .. .. .. 49,697 17 2 Etreton Branch (Kaiapoi to Bennett's) .. .. .. 20 07 44,257 0 0 .. .. .. 44,257 0 0 Lyttelton Branch .. .. .. .. .. 6 26 230.493 18 4 .. .. 215 0 0 18 4 340,500 0 0 Southbndge Branch (Hornby to Southbridge) .. .. 25 31 92,181 4 8 .. .. 81 18 8 92,263 3 4 Little River Branch (Lincoln to Little River) .. .. 22 46 112.290 7 9 .. .. 1 16 9 112.292 4 6 Rakaia to Methven .. .. .. .. .. 22 20 77,090 19 2 .. .. .. 19 2 Ashburton to Springburn .. .. .. .. 27 29 64.025 11 3 .. .. .. 64,025 11 3 Orari to Geraldine .. . . .. . . .. .. 321 0 0 .. .. .. 321 0 0 Eairlie Branch (Washdyke Junction to Fairlie) .. .. 36 05 70,502 15 5 . .. .. 70,502 15 5 75,124 0 0 Waimate Branch .. .. .. .. .. 12 63 80,862 4 6 .. .. .. 80.862 4 6 .. Canterbury Interior Main Line — Oxford to Malvern .. .. .. .. .. 11 44 46,248 0 0 .. .. .. 46,248 0 0 Whitecliffs to Rakaia .. .. .. .. .. .. 542 0 0 .. .. .. 542 0 0 Temuka to Rangitata .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,152 0 0 .. .. .. 5,152 0 0 Waitaki to Bluff — Main Line, including Port Chalmers Branch .. .. 252 71 4,192,082 19 6 .. .. 94.300 17 4 4,286.383 16 10 82,259 0 0 Duntroon Branch (Pukeuri to Kurow) .. .. .. 37 33 86,265 8 6 .. .. .. 86,265 8 6 37,500 0 0 Ngapara Branch (Waiareka Junction to Ngapara) .. .. 14 76 25,238 2 0 .. .. .. 25,238 2 0 58,009 0 0 * The funds for this extension —namely, £35,501 2s. lid. —were provided by the Westport Harbour Board. f The funds for purchase of this line —namely, £15,745 —were provided by the Harbour Board. J The funds for this line —namely, £93,450 —were provided by the Westport Harbour Board.

D.—l

TABLE No. 3— continued. Expenditure on Railways to 31st March, 1938— continued.

10

Expenditure out of Public Works Fund Total Expenditure during Year 1937-33 : New Works. Total Expenditure Lines of Railway. f or « f — ; r= , 31st March, 1937. and March, 1938. ' Lines. Waitaki to Bluff —continued. M. ch. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Livingstone Branch (Windsor to Tokarahi) .. .. 11 75 75,382 7 4 .. .. ' Gr. 1 12 0 75,380 15 4 Waihemo Branch (Palmerston to Dunback) .. .. 8 55 32,906 8 11 .. .. 55 0 0 32,961 8 11 Fernhill Railway .. .. .. .. .. 1 60 1,330 00 .. .. .. 1,330 00 Brighton Road Branch .. .. .. .. .. 6,474 0 0 .. .. .. 6,474 0 0 12,829 0 0 Outram Branch (Mosgiel to Outram) .. .. .. 8 78 12,051 0 7 .. .. .. 12,051 0 7 29,691 0 0 Lawrence Branch .. .. .. .. .. 58 67 718,258 17 1 .. .. 1,089 8 8 719,348 5 9 Balclutha to Tuapeka Mouth .. .. .. .. .. 2,48900 .. .. .. 2,489 0 0 Catlin's River Branch (Balclutha to Tahakopa) .. .. 42 67 463,709 6 3 .. .. .. 463,709 6 3 Heriotburn Branch (Waipahi to Edievale) .. .. 26 23 124,808 4 5 .. .. .. 124,808 4 5 Waikaka Branch (McNab to Waikaka) .. .. .. 12 65 68,423 0 0 .. .. .. 68,423 0 0 Gore to Lumsden .. .. .. .. .. 36 39 112,385 14 8 .. .. 472 3 6 112,857 18 2 Edendale to Glenham .. .. .. .. .. 9 36 '50,490 13 11 .. .. .. 50,490 13 11 Riversdale to Switzers .. .. .. .. .. 13 70 82,285 4 0 .. .. .. 82,285 4 0 Seaward Bush to Catlin's (Appleby to Tokanui) .. .. 32 79 185,229 5 5 .. .. .. 185,229 5 5 Otago Central (Wingatui to Cromwell) .. .. .. 147 27 1,453,717 10 1 .. .. 975 6 4 1,454,692 16 5 Invercargill to Kingston — Main Line .. .. .. .. .. .. 87 04 369,244 14 9 .. .. 3,523 14 10 372,768 9 7 91,937 0 0 Mararoa Branch (Lumsden to Mossburn) .. .. .. 10 40 27,508 4 4 .. .. .. 27,508 4 4 Winton to Heddon Bush .. .. .. .. .. 140 0 0 .. .. .. 140 0 0 Makarewa to Orepuki and Waiau .. .. .. .. 56 34 360,075 18 5 .. .. 973 13 U 361,049 12 4 37,097 0 0 Thornbury to Wairio .. .. .. .. .. 22 15 103,790 15 10 .. .. .. 103.790 0 0 23,200 0 0 Forest Hill (Winton to Hedgehope) .. .. .. 12 40 23,337 0 0 .. .. .. 23,337 0 0 Expenses of Railway Commissions and other Expenditure not .. 10,337 0 0 .. .. .. 10,337 0 0 chargeable to Individual Lines Surveys of New Lines — North Island .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31,235 10 1 .. .. .. 31,235 10 1 South Island .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,763 0 0 .. .. .. 5,763 0 0 Rolling-stock .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,977,319 17 11 .. .. 693,812 1 0 12,671,131 18 11 Motor-omnibus Service, Wellington .. .. .. .. 60,571 1 11 .. .. .. 60,571 1 11 General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,076 12 9 .. 3,581 9 10 .. 2 7 Depreciation provided for out of Railway Revenue and actually .. Gr. 762,612 9 4 .. .. Gr. 762,612 9 4 repaid to Public Works Fund Stock of Permanent-way Materials .. .. .. .. 8,942 15 9 .. .. .. 8,942 15 9 Totals.. .. .. .. .. .. 68,939,218 6 7*' 700 0 0 1,160,567 13 8 1,369,610 12 10 71,468,696 13 1* 1,787,741 0 Of * The £10,400,000 accrued depreciation of assets referred to in section 23 (2), Government Railways Amendment Act, 1931, not deducted. f Includes value for £150,000 paid to debenture holders under the Midland Railway Petitions Settlement Act Amendment Act, 1903.

D.—L

TABLE No. 4. Expenditure on Public Buildings out of Public Works Fund to the 31st March, 1938, and the Liabilities on that Date.

11

rr„+«i Expenditure Total Liabilities on Tntni tj. JJKL Q . for Expenditure Authorities, -p.__ pn ditnr# E 5? a ?SS Year ended to Contracts, 4c., Ex P^diture 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, to 31st March, Lla^tiea . General — £ £ £ £ £ Alexandra Depot, Wellington* .. .. 8,084 .. 8,084 .. 8,084 Government House, Wellington (land and 74,247 2,444 76,691 .. 76,691 new building) Offices for public Departmentsf •• •• 826,760 209,250 1,036,010 10,525 1,046,535 Air Defence .. .. .. .. .. 28,157 28,157 20,518 48,675 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. 163,707 18,680 182,387 2,048 184,435 Parliament Buildings— Old buildings .. .. .. .. 76,553 .. 76,553 .. 76,553 New buildings .. .. .. .. 393,652 246 393,898 20 393,918 Alterations to streets surrounding grounds 57,089 .. 57,089 .. 57,089 and purchase of land .. .. .. .. 1,520,840 36,219 1,557,059 6,638 1,563,697 Postal and telegraph .. .. .. 2,982,064 211,301 3,193,365 15,235 3,208,600 Customs .. .. .. .. 49,441 .. 49,441 .. 49,441 Quarantine-stations .. .. .. 62,464 .. 62,464 .. 62,464 Mental hospitals . . .. .. .. 2,101,128 125,829 2,226,957 9,206 2,236,163 Health and hospital institutions§ .. .. 416,475 15,747 432,222 2,239 434,461 School buildings .. .. .. .. 3,890,616 546,434 4,437,050 13,244 4,450,294 Agricultural .. .. .. .. 158,868 2,235 161,10311 443 161,546 Totals .. .. .. .. 12,781,988 1,196,542 13,978,530 80,116 14,058,646 * Expenditure re Defence requirements only. Other expenditure Included in " Judicial " class. t Includes £12,500 expended under Finance Act, 1929, section 32. { Includes Courthouses, prisons, and police-stations. II Includes £134,485 for land transferred from Railway Department. § Includes £32,754 previously shown under " Public Health." 1f Includes £60,263 expended under Reserves and other Lands Disposal Act, 1936, section 32 (Flock House purchase).

D.—l.

TABLE No. 5. ELECTRIC SUPPLY ACCOUNT.—STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS AT THE 31st MARCH, 1938. General Balance-sheet at 31st March, 1938, compared with Position at 31st March, 1937.

12

OS « I**) CD °° OS *0 OS *V *H ! ?0 <5: *H ?C co *0 Os 'O Os " •> »N .N *• »• *" * °0 <?0 Oct *0 °0 Os "''W *-H *> c© <?0 OS OS «0 50 C© i*H CO . TH CO i-H o5 <N lO CO T* CO 00 I- OS os CO PH t> rH 00 t> t> C+) O CO 00 CM 00 rH 10 00 CO CO co oT co* <o 0 . - — rH CO 2 co CO "—1 ® * 0 2 co ■ os os • • # os • 00 -H rH CO irf t- »C r-H 00 :o H co co __ _ 'OS _ ____ CO _ : : : : a : : © cjE; "§ K _. ■4i rjH C3 ~ ® ?- £ © O 2 O £ J3 43 • 0 o °? 00 ? • flW 1 o I j§ & It ll -I 1 J S -I 1o : ! ifl if* if I _j O tn O nl [5 d h <3 SR J8 c8 9 H arj ©r; h O S O ffl © © r7) h -fl IB 9! r-jt»cZ2 O _< C fri S n 0 <£ s g o -g 15 '«3 "d b § J * s I * § 0 fls -II £ ® o J S t> 13 ® © "g 5 J" 1 3 & ©rO g<dP-i §^ M s 02 Ph CQ • OS °0 <2> <5> 1 I *0> Oo CO c< ? (M»0l0»0^) , ?0 ,^.z^l^^^>0s^00, SO ti Oo 'O Os S <+* CO OS "O N «5 O) fM to PO OS >-H >*H CO (M «0 • O 00 O O CO 73 i-H • PH IO O t> OT I-H Tfrl CO O CO Tt< C<1 o OS CO OS l> o I-H 00 OJ CO (M OQ rH OS O CO rH 00 'N »• °l C? CO Tfl ti. — =L_ S r$ OCOOOOOCOO 000 OOSOOOOOCOO 10 o O<NiCtf5©*e0*l>'© • coo -H '(M -o • f-HrH ©CO<N*OCOOS<M l> C+i O OS OS T+< I> CO OS <M co CO H rH rH CO rH r-H (M CO •| :::::::::::: 4 : : 1| : I ! ! P s a | .as -d :•::: : ~ H : 0® : § , z I ,1 3 | 4lisll«!il|ll I I I • s'L I i|i||§i!is|i ! i * " 1 I .a ,g s | s | e I 11 g t «• ■§ ■§ 111 «• "S £ I "S 1 "g I g .Is "2 § g 8 § S 0 § ° S S §i 8 |g .1 J g-gj 581 i in ! i|=o|. s :i § ° ZJ/nOS^ 5 ri 00 S-TrH *= so^<>1 <1 <1 |<J I 2 73 Q AH H I'Sft

TABLE No. 5— continued. ELECTRIC SUPPLY ACCOUNT.—STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS AT THE 31st MARCH, 1938—continued. General Balance-sheet at 31st March, 1938, as compared with Position at 31st March, 1937— continued.

D.—l.

J. W. SCU'JLT, A.K.A.JN.Z., Chief Accountant, Public Works department. I hereby certify that the General Balance-sheet hag been dulv compared with the relative books and documents submitted for audit, and correctly states the position as disclosed thereby, subject to the departmental notes enfaced thereon— J. H. Fowler, Controller and Auditor-General.

13

j | ! Liabilities. \ 1937-38. j 1936-37. j Assets. 1937-38. i 1936-37. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Brought forward .. .. .. 14,129,864 4 6 14,114,983 14 11 Brought forward .. .. .. 16,352,779 14 1 16,077,371 14 10 Sundry Creditors — Balance in Electric Supply Account at the North Island scheme .. .. 86,139 11 3 85,432 1 2 end of year — South Island scheme .. .. 40,896 4 1 15,786 14 2 Cash in Public Account .. .. 44,198 7 10 140,630 12 7 Surveys and general .. .. .. 168 8 3 13 16 2 Imprests outstanding.. .. .. 18,856 18 2 3,003 0 1 127,204 3 7 63,055 6 0 101,232 11 6 143,633 13 2 Charges paid in advance — — Z~nns> 7 V North Island scheme .. .. .. 2 16 •• Suspense Account .. .. .. 11 y - > uu ° 1 1 South Island scheme .. .. 1,662 12 4 1,756 0 2 1,664 13 10 1,756 0 2 Depreciation Reserve — North Island scheme .. .. 1,016,184 7 5 949,888 3 11 South Island scheme .. 552,104 19 1 471,083 6 11 1,568,289 6 6 — ! „ . 1,420,971 10 10 Stocks —Surveys and General .. .. .. 104 9 8 Sinking Fund — Amount utilized for redemption of loans 315,364 8 4 313,614 7 4 Available for further redemptions .. 191,321 2 3 13,429 16 1 506,685 10 7 327,044 3 5 \ Writings-oil in Suspense — North Island scheme .. .. .. 143 13 11 South Island scheme .. .. 742 8 9 9 18 7 886 2 8 9 18 7 General Reserve — South Island scheme .. .. .. 82,399 5 8 257,015 9 8 Sundry debtors for interest due but unpaid '87 o 10 ™ 7 ' Tow 8S3 , 4 «»= „ , Contingent Liability. Arrears due to Sinking Fund .. .. £942,756 19 1 _ _____ __ Notes. —[a) No charge for cost of exchange on interest payments made in London is included. (6) Owing to the interconnection of the various schemes, it has not been found practicable to show separately the accounts of these schemes as required by the State Supply of Electrical Energy Act, 1917. T W anriTrr A ID A "NT >7 Annmmfant PnV,llf> Wnrta T)prva.rt,mp.nt.

D.—l

TABLE No. 5— continued. NORTH ISLAND HYDRO-ELECTRIC-POWER SUPPLY. Profit and Loss Account for Year ended 31st March, 1938, compared with Year ended 31st March, 1937. Gross Revenue Account.

Net Revenue Account.

14

1937-38. 1936-37. 1937-38. 1936-37. | I J ■ " . . • To Generating-expenses, headworks, and £ s. d. ; £ s. d. £ s. d. By Sales of energy — £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. power-house — Wholesale .. .. .. 966,482 5 0 876,215 13 3 Arapuni .. .. .. 17,232 13 4i 12,924 19 0 Retail .. .. .. .. 2,247 15 4 1,929 12 8 Horahora .. .. .. 4,315 5 7 5,799 16 4 968,730 0 4 — Mangahao .. .. .. 10,172 11 3 13,065 13 7 878,145 5 11 Waikaremoana .. .. .. 14,138 6 2 9,821 5 5 Standby stations .. .. 13,468 18 4 7,189 18 11 Rents — 1 59,327 14 8 Cottages, &c. .. .. .. 8,261 5 5 7,294 17 7 48,801 13 3 Lines, plant, &c. .. .. 823 15 6 985 0 1 Transmission -lines — 9,085 0 11 Patrol, maintenance, &c. .. .. •• 36,728 5 4 30,490 8 0 Substations — 8,279 17 8 Operation and maintenance .. •• 25,988 3 11 23,869 7 0 Management and general — Miscellaneous — Salaries, office expenses, accident, sick, .. 55,500 6 3 41,153 17 8 Tests and inspection .. .. .. 677 4 9 276 11 8 and holiday pay, testing, &c. Penalties .. .. .. .. .. 707 15 4 177,544 10 2 144,315 5 11 Balance to Net Revenue Account .. •• 800,947 15 10 743,094 4 8 £978,492 6 0 £887,409 10 7 j £978,492 6 0 | £887,409 10 7 \

j 1 ' jj " j i 1937-38. 1936-37. 1937-38. 1936-37. i ! I ; £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. To Interest for year ended 31st March, 1938 .. .. 349,816 3 5 391,241 5 10 By Balance from Gross Revenue Account .. .. 800,947 15 10 743,094 4 8 Depreciation on completed works .. .. ■■ 50,725 6 11 10,463 14 7 King's Wharf Station, half annual charges on capital 37,592 10 2 38,119 11 9 costs thereon Cost of raising loans and expenses .. .. .. 2,151 8 2 59,130 0 1 Balance to Profit and Loss Appropriation Account .. 360,662 7 2 244,139 12 5 £800,947 15 10 £743,094 4 8 £800,947 15 10 £743,094 4 8

D.—l.

TABLE No. 5— continued. NORTH ISLAND HYDRO-ELECTRIC-POWER SUPPLY— continued.

15

Profit and Loss Appropriation Account for Year ended 31st March, 1938, compared with Year ended 31st March, 1937. 1937-38. 1936-37. 1937-38. 1936-37. : I -J • J — £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. To Balance from previous year .. .. .. .. 155,175 8 4 399,315 0 9 By Balance from Net Revenue Account .. •• 360,662 7 2 244,139 12 5 Adjustment of Sundry Debtors overstated 1936-37 .. 50,548 11 1 .. Balance to General Balance-sheet .. .. •• 155,175 8 4 Balance to Sinking Fund Account.. .. .. 154,938 7 9 £360,662 7 2 £399,315 0 9 £360,662 7 2 £399,315 0 9 Depreciation Reserve Account. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. To Replacements, renewals, &c. .. .. . .. 21,443 4 6 60,802 19 1 By Balance at close of previous year .. .. .. 949,888 3 11 961,757 2 9 Balance to General Balance-sheet .. .. .. 1,016,184 7 5 949,888 3 11 Interest at 4 per cent, per annum .. .. .. 37,014 1 1 38,470 5 8 Amount set aside as per Net Revenue Account .. 50,725 6 11 10,463 14 7 £1,037,627 11 11 £1,010,691 3 0 £1,037,627 11 11 £1,010,691 3 0 Sinking Fund Account. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. To Balance to General Balance-sheet .. .. 210,868 3 3 55,929 15 6 By Balance at close of previous year .. .. • • 55,929 15 6 55,929 15 6 Balance from Profit and Loss Appropriation Account.. 154,938 7 9 £210,868 3 3 £55,929 15 6 £210,868 3 3 £55,929 15 6

D.—1.

TABLE No. 5— continued. NORTH ISLAND HYDRO-ELECTRIC-POWER SUPPLY— continued. Balance-sheet at 31st March, 1938.

16

Liabilities. 1937-38. 1936-37. Assets. 1937-38. 1936-37. j | ; £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Headworks, power-hotise, machinery, &c. — £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Depreciation Reserve .. .. .. .. 1,016,184 7 5 949,888 3 11 Arapuni .. .. .. .. 2,487,053 4 2 2,402,081 7 0 Horahora .. .. .. .. 310,870 14 7 310,719 2 10 Mangahao .. .. .. .. 1,281,862 17 3 1,280,951 17 7 Sinking Fund — Waikaremoana .. .. .. 558,143 8 0 555,197 18 6 Utilized for redemption of loans.. .. 55,929 15 6 55,929 15 6 4,637,930 4 0 Available for further redemptions .. 154,938 7 9 .. 4,548,950 5 11 210,868 3 3 Auxiliary plants — 55,929 15 6 Diesel Station, Penrose .. .. 62,189 7 8 62,190 14 11 — Steam Station Grand Junction .. .. 8,959 2 4 8,991 11 6 Steam Station, Huntly.. .. .. 10,847 1 11 10,847 1 11 Sundry creditors — 81,995 11 11 Public Works Department .. .. 19,138 15 0 22,675 5 8 82,029 8 4 Other Government Departments .. 1,394 15 9 1,827 7 3 Non-departmental .. .. .. 65,606 0 6 60,929 8 3 Transmission-lines .. .. .. .. 1,589,664 7 2 1,588,877 17 10 Substations .. .. .. .. .. 1,077,808 18 2 978,772 12 1 85,432 1 2 Office buildings, land, railway siding, harbour .. 61,461 10 4 42,347 6 1 — 86,139 11 3 facilities, &c. Writings-off in suspense .. .. .. .. 143 13 11 Temporary development, Waikaremoana .. .. 800 0 0 800 0 0 Charges paid in advance .. .. .. .. 2 16 Lower development, Waikaremoana .. .. 17,431 17 5 Head Office Account .. .. .. .. 8,373,855 15 2 8,510,234 12 2 Salaries and expenses of engineers and others .. 496,240 6 7 490,189 4 5 on surveys and during construction Cost of raising loans .. .. .. .. 296,454 5 4 296,584 12 0 Interest during construction .. .. .. 956,627 1 4 947,644 13 6 9,216,414 2 3 8,976,196 0 2 Plant, motor-vehicles, &c. .. .. .. 57,728 16 8 50,396 16 4 Stocks .. .. .. .. .. 165,223 4 5 137,035 9 8 Sundry debtors — Public Works Department .. .. 5,871 18 7 2,939 14 0 Other Government Departments .. 6,903 4 5 8,116 13 7 Non-departmental .. .. .. 234,977 15 10 271,624 10 8 247,752 18 10 282,680 18 3 Payments in advance .. .. .. .. 74 10 4 Accumulated loss .. .. .. .. .. 155,175 8 4 £9,687,193 12 6 £9,601,484 12 9 Contingent Liability. £9,687,193 12 6 £9,601,484 12 9 Arrears due to Sinking Fund .. .. £776,363 5 7

D.—l

TABLE No. 5— continued. SOUTH ISLAND HYDRO-ELECTRIC-POWER SUPPLY. Profit and Loss Account for Year ended 31st March, 1938, compared with Year ended 31st March, 1937.

2—D. 1

17

Gross Revenue Account. — - — - j 7- — 1937-38. 1936-37. 1937-38. 1936-37. i I j | To Generating-expenses, head works, power- j £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. j By Sales of energy— £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s d houses, and auxiliary plant— j , Wholesale .. .. .. 387,057 15 11 ' 283 631 7 6 Lake Coleridge .. .. .. 9,954 4 9 14,246 3 1 j Retail .. .. .. .. 92,555 9 0 39 356 15 1 Waitaki .. .. .. .. | 9,164 8 1 8,618 2 5\ 479,613 4 11 - Kaimata .. .. .. .. 329 5 8 .. j 999 qq o q 7 Dobson .. .. .. .. 3,456 10 11 .. I Lyttelton Diesel station .. .. 1,217 14 0 824 0 6 Bad debts recovered .. .. .. 192 10 10 I 112 10 2 Southland .. ,. . . 11,198 6 8 4,256 18 8 Discounts forfeited .. .. .. .. 23 3 0 22 2 6 35,320 10 1 Rents— . ... 27,945 4 8 Land and buildings .. .. 2,637 11 9 \ 2 460 2 9 Transmission and distribution— Electric lines and plant, &c. .. 1,725 15 0 480 17 8 Primary distribution .. .. 11,484 1 1 11,040 14 4 4 363 6 9 Secondary distribution .. .. 9,043 6 4 6,489 17 10 ' 9 qai n k 20,527 7 5 11 17,530 12 2 Fees for testing and repairing electrical .. 1,945 17 9 1,031 17 1 appliances and earnings of motorSubstations .. .. .. .. 16,788 1 3 15,667 18 7 vehicles Plant, tools, testing, &c. .. .. .. 268 3 0 252 1 0 Electrical testing .. .. .. .. 194 2 5 254 14 3 Trunk telephone system .. .. .. 822 4 1 557 1 11 MiscellaneousManagement and general expenses .. .. 52,721 8 8 23,439 15 3 Commissions, sales of appliances, &c. .. 5,290 12 4 1,825 11 11 126,64116 11 85,647 7 10 Balance, to Net Revenue Account .. .. 364,786 18 8 243,273 16 10 £491,428 15 7 £328,921 4 8 j £491,428 15 7 £328,921 4 8 Net Revenue Account. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s d To Interest for year ended 31st March, 1938 .. 220,111 11 6 212,640 4 4 By Balance from Gross Revenue Account .. 364 786 18 8 243 273 16 TO Depreciation on completed works .. .. 112,374 15 3 112,274 19 5 Revenue from rates, &c. .. .. .. 'l22 111 ' 137 10 7 Cost of raising loans .. .. .. 1,362 12 11 26,420 9 0 Balance to Profit and Loss Appropria- .. jng 205 75 o Commission, collecting rates, &c. .. .. 73 5 0 181 10 5 tion Account Balance to Profit and Loss Appropri- .. 30,986 15 11 tion Account £364,909 0 7 £351,517 3 2 £364,909 0 7 £351,517 3 2

D.—l

TABLE No. 5— continued. SOUTH ISLAND HYDRO-ELECTRIC-POWER SUPPLY— continued.

18

Profit and Loss Appropriation Account. - 1937-38. 1936-37. j I 1937-38. i 1936-37. £ s. d. £ 8. d. £ g j £ s _ To Balance from Net Revenue Account .. .. .. .. 108,105 15 9 By Balance from Net Revenue Account .. .. .. 30,986 15 11 General Reserve Account (reversing debit balance, Southland 12,231 19 .. Arrears of rates recovered .. .. .. ! 1 147 4 11 section as at 31st March, 1937) Transfer from General Reserve Account .. .. 4 800 0 4 108 105 15 9 Balance to Sinking Fund Reserve Account .. .. t 24,702 19 5 j £36,934 1 2 £108,105 15 9 £36,934 1 2 £108,105 15 9 Depreciation Reserve Account. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. To Replacements, Renewals, &c. .. .. .. .. 46,641 18 1 45,279 12 8 By Balance from previous year's statement .. .. .. 467 665 9 6 388 546 3 4 Balance to General Balance-sheet .. .. .. 552,104 19 1 471,083 6 11 Interest at 4 per cent, per annum .. .. . . 18,706 12 5 15*,541 16 10 Amount set aside as per Net Revenue Account .. .. 112,374 15 3 112,274 19 5 £598,746 17 2 £516,362 19 7 £598,746 17 2 £516,362 19 7 General Reserve Account. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s d To Transfer to Profit and Loss Appropriation Account under 4,800 0 4 108,105 15 9 By Balance at close of previous year . . .. .. 67,703 7 6 175 809 3 3 section 13 (2) (6) of the State Supply of Electrical Energy Adjustment for excess amount transferred to Profit and Loss 7,264 16 9 Act, 1917 Appropriation Account, 1936-37 Balance to General Balance-sheet .. .. .. 82,399 5 8 67,703 7 6 Profit and Loss Appropriation Account (reversing debit 12,231 19 balance, Southland section as at 31st March, 1937) | £87,199 6 0 £175,809 3 3 £87,199 6 0 £175,809 3 3 Sinking Fund Account. j - - £ s - d- £ s. d. £ £}_ £ To Balance to General Balance-sheet .. .. .. J 295,817 7 4 27 1,114 7 11 By Balance at close of previous year .. .. . 271 114 7 11 270 570 9 7 Amount taken over from Southland Electric Power Board .. .. 522 4 0 Interest . . .. .. ,. _ _ 21 14 4 Balance from Profit and Loss Appropriation Account .. 24,702 19 5 i £295,817 7 4 £271,114 7 11 £295,817 7 4 £271,114 7 11

TABLE No. 5— continued. SOUTH ISLAND HYDRO-ELECTRIC-POWER SUPPLY— continued. Balance-sheet at 31st March, 1938.

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2*

19

Liabilities. 1937-38. 1936-37. ! j Assets. 1937-38. 1936-37. : i | j! I ; £ s d. | £ s. d. | £ s. d. Power stations — Depreciation Reserve .. .. .. .. 552,104 19 1 471,083 6 11 Lake Coleridge— £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Headworks .. .. .. 544,028 12 0 544,291 11 6 General Reserve — Buildings and machinery .. .. 249 ,24 - 2 0 248, 068 7 7 Balance at close of previous year .. 67,703 7 6 175,809 3 3 793,272 14 0 Excess transferred to Profit and Loss 7,264 16 9 I 792 359 19 1 Appropriation Account, 1936-37 Waitaki - ) 3— — Headworks .. .. .. 1,125,136 14 0 1,123,410 13 6 74,968 4 3 Buildings and machinery .. .. 643,692 2 10 642,265 9 5 Loss for year .. .. .. .. 108,105 15 9 1,768, 828 16 10 Profit for year .. .. .. 7,431 1 5 .. 1,765,676 2 11 82,399 5 8 Kaimata — 67,703 7 6 Headworks .. .. .. 81,830 18 8 Southland— Balance taken over from Buildings and machinery .. .. 25,191 1 9 Southland Electric-power Board .. j 189,312 2 2 107.022 0 5 Southland — Headworks .. .. .. 184,657 1 4 218,148 16 4 Sinking Fund — Buildings and machinery .. .. 15,921 17 2 16,717 18 4 Amount utilized for redemption of loans 259,434 12 10 257,684 11 10 200,578 18 6 Available for further redemptions .. 36,382 14 6 13,429 16 1 234 866 14 8 295,817 7 4 Auxiliary plants — 271,114 7 11 Dobson Diesel station .. .. 2,805 7 7 34 19 8 Lyttelton Diesel station .. .. 106,322 2 3 89,066 3 7 109,127 9 10 89,101 3 3 Sundry creditors — Transmission and distribution — Public Works Department .. .. 10,717 2 9 6,953 4 6 Primary .. .. .. .. 1,339,508 18 2 1,250,403 14 8 Other Government Departments .. 2,100 18 2 2,966 18 7 Secondary .. .. .. .. 294,200 9 7 297,794 3 2 Non-departmental .. .. .. 28,078 3 2 5,866 11 1 " 1,633,709 7 9 40,896 4 1 1,548,197 17 10 15,786 14 2 Substations .. .. .. .. .. 525,781 2 3 456,701 11 1 Charges paid in advance .. .. .. 1,662 12 4 1,756 0 2 Offices and stores, buildings, &c. .. 17,983 12 3 19,762 3 8 Trunk Telephone System .. .. 43,780 15 10 36,080 9 6 Writings-oil in suspense .. .. ., 742 8 9 9 18 7 Exploration and preliminary surveys .. 7 19 6 Salaries and expenses during construction 116,562 0 ]0 207,499 11 11 Head Office Account .. .. .. .. 5,673,245 18 1 5,395,580 7 6 Interest during construction .. .. 469,157 16 8 468,053 4 1 1 Charges and expenses of raising loans .. 533,802 5 10 530,925 12 7 1,181,294 10 11 1,262,321 1 9 6,319,615 0 6 6,149,224 10 7 Plant, tools, &e. .. .. .. .. 115,028 6 9 102,519 11 2 Stocks of material .. .. .. .. 100,494 19 2 88,789 11 4 Sundry debtors — Public Works Department .. .. 2,111 6 1 3,626 5 6 Other Government Departments .. 2,467 5 11 1,553 5 6 Non-departmental .. .. .. 95,451 2 2 53,180 2 3 100,029 14 2 58,359 13 3 Payments in advance .. .. .. .. 20 19 8 23 3 6 Sinking Eund investments .. .. .. 11,679 15 1 13,429 15 1 £6,646,868 15 4 £6,412 346 4 11 Contingent Liability. £6,646,868 15 4 £6,412,346 4 11 Arrears due to Sinking Fund .. .. £166,393 13 6

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TABLE No. 6. IRRIGATION AND WATER-SUPPLY. Schedule of Schemes completed or under Construction.

20

nffwJ Average Rainfall I Mnfal , Area i forwMch Works 31lthorized - Work ? completed. Scheme. Source of Supply. Sir? from commanded Irrigation I <n c +Remarks. rn«rn\ As per During Records available. (Gross). Water is Main Distribu- Main Distribu- | ' '' Design. 1937-38. available. Canals. taries. Canals. taries. iyo». . - . t r ■ _ ' Canterbury — Cusecs. i Cusecs. Cusecs. Inches. Inches. Acres. x4cres. M. ch. M. ch. M. ch. M. ch. £ Ashburton .. Rangitata River .. 1,300 ; 1,000 .. .. | 315,000t •• 42 0 .. 10 0 .. 32,347 Under construction. Diversion race only for supplying main races of schemes marked * and also supply of electric energy. Ashburton - Lynd- Rangitata River .. 1,300. 450 .. 23-00 24-77 68,000* .. 55 0 80 0 10 31 51 27 96,643 Under construction. hurst Levels .. .. Opihi River .. 180 180 120 22-00 32-87 20,000 11,500 6 61 50 60 6 61 50 60 83,531 Completed. Mayfield-Hinds .. Rangitata River .. 1,300 450 .. 23-00 29-10 110,000* .. .. .. .. .. 3,565 Work commenced. Redcliff .. Waitaki River .. 3,000 55 55 21-00 26-47 7,000 4,603 3 69 13 76 3 69 13 76 25,821 Completed. Otago North — Otekaike .. Otekaike River .. 9 15 .. 20-96 21-20 1,500 800 14 37 3 47 14 37 3 47 3,631 Completed. Used only on (Duntroon) west side of river. Steward Settlement Waitaki River .. .. 110 •• 20-00 14-93 18,000 .. 14 60 50 31 14 60 50 31 12,115 Completed. (Steward Settlement) Otago Central — Ardgour .. Lindis River .. 35 20 20 19-46 16-87 2,000 1,364 13 0 2 40 13 0 2 40 33,700 Completed. (Tarras) Arrow River .. Arrow River .. 40 50 35 27-64 24-18 6,536 2,936 .. .. 9 18 27 60 143,028 Completed. (Arrowtown and Frankton) Bengerburn .. Bengerburn .. 1 4 4 .. .. 1,000 144 2 6 .. 2 6 .. 755 Completed. Earnscleugh (Fraser Fraser River and 10 47 62 15-58 16-35 2,743 2,247 11 30 17 60 11 30 17 60 65,454 Completed. River) storage dam (all races) (Earnscleugh) Hawkdun (formerly Tributaries of Manu- .. 60 36 23-94 21-70 10,000 8,818 66 0 101 0 66 0 90 12 71,871 Completed. Mount Ida) herikia River and (Naseby and Naseby Eweburn Reservoir Plantation) Idaburn .. Idaburn Dam .. 3 8 6 23-21 24-26 2,500 565 10 0 0 40 7 26 0 40 6,739 Main scheme completed. (Moa Creek, Black - I stone Hill) t Includes schemes marked *.

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TABLE No. 6—continued. IRRIGATION AND WATER-SUPPLY —continued. Schedule of Schemes completed or under Construction— continued.

21

Main Canal Dis- Area ! Works authorized. | Works completed. River charge tMaximum). Average RainfalI Area for whioh Expenditure Scheme. Source of Supply. ,Mi„i i i rom i iott ' 1 commanded Irrigation j | , t Mar( . h Remarks. rrvn™V As per During ; Records available. i«o/. (Gross). Water is i Main Distribu- Main Distribu- ,aoo j '• Design. 1937 -38. j available. ! Canals, j taries. Canals, j taries. ! Otago Central —ctd. Cusecs, Cusecs. Cusecs. Inches. Inches. Acres. Acres. M. ch. M. ch. M. ch. M. ch. £ Ida Valley and j Galloway — Ida Valley .. Manorburn, Pool- .. 110 90 M 16-45 14,000 11,729 73 0 54 0 73 0 29 50 1 Completed. Additional burn, Moa Creek, (Moa Creek) j storage furnished by Pooland J. o t a r a burn and Lower Manor- ™ i storage 304, 568 burn Dams. Hope's Creek Manorburn Dam) -n. f h ponstrnrted Galloway .. Manorburn Dam .. .. 30 27 n 1 ?/ 35 , ,5 ' 17 3 > 450 2 ' 642 10 50 10 7 10 50 10 7 will command additional (Galloway) area _ Lower Manorburn, Manorburn Creek 4 7 6*5 .. •• .. •• .. 20 .. 2 0^ Dam Last Chance Shingle, Coal Gorge, 8 20 16 16-92 18-88 4,300 2,313 22 0 5 70 20 78 5 70 63,840 Butcher's Creek Dam now (Fruitlandsand Butcher's Creek. (Earnseleugh and completed will augment Earns cleugh and Conroy's Creek Roxburgh East) existing supply and serve Tops) an additional area. Manuherikia-Alex- Manuherikia River 77 100 89 14-99 14-95 7,000 4,941 23 0 46 20 23 0 46 20 258,081 Completed. Portion of andra - Clyde (Alexandra, Ophir, present race is being reNo. 1 and Clyde) placed by a tunnel approximately one mile in length. Omakau .. Manuherikia River ~j 3g 3 , 20-37 2 ] -47 10,800 13,400 42 0 50 0 44 10 49 36 307,512 Completed. and Danstftn Creek j 7 7 11 I Blaektone H.ll) Tarras .. .. Lindis River .. 35 70 35 19-46 16-87 6,000 2,675 21 70 17 55 21 70 17 55 136,804 Completed. (Tarras) Teviot River .. Teviot River and 40 80 54 18-06 21-41 5,300 3,791 20 48 14 57 20 48 14 57 79,135 Completed and serving all Lake Onslow Dam (Roxburgh East) ! land requiring water. General investiga- .. .. .. .. .. .. ■■ .. ■■ .. .. .. 14,527 tions, and surveys, &c. Total: Schemes completed or under construction .. .. ■■ .. 437,129 74,468 452 31 521 3 1383 34 484 28 1,743,667

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TABLE No. 6— continued. IRRIGATION AND WATER-SUPPLY— continued. Schedule of Schemes under Investigation.

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Main Canals j j j }7 Xn pnditurp ! River Discharge Average Rainfall Tin infill Area Length of Length of, p t Scheme. Source of Supply. j Discharge (Maximum), from -,go 7 ' commanded Main | Distribu- i t Remarks. | (Minimum). as per i Records available. (Gross). Canal, i taries. 1938 * ' Design. Canterbury — j Cu ° MUes "L £ r Investigations into the feasibility of irrigation in Barrhill .. .. | Rangitata River .. J'?™ osn 99 nn Q9 S7 fn'nnn " 1 [ the Canterbury Province have been in hand Oran .. .. Rangitata River .. 1,300 250 22-00 32-H7 40,000 .. .. I I since January, 1934. Investigations include Valetta-Tmwald .. Rangitata River .. 1,300 450 23 29-10 84,000* the following phenomena, viz. : Soil moisture, Investigations of other | .. .. .. .. .. .. : .. .. mechanical analysis of soil, depth of ground proposed schemes j I water, evaporation, rainfall, and river-flow. Marlborough — I Investigation of pro- j .. .. .. .. 16-06 .. .. .. 3,385 Comprehensive investigation surveys of schemes posed schemes for the Wairau Valley and parts of the Wairau Plains are in hand. Otago Central — | j Cromwell Flat and Low- ; Hydro-electric develop- 29 .. 20-65 19-34 .. .. .. 3,774 Hydro-electric scheme under investigation, burn (Roaring Meg) ment of Roaring Meg (Roaring (Luggate) Power would be available for pumping irrigaand pumping from Meg) tion supplies to 8,000 acres in Upper Clutha Clutha and Kawarau Valley. Portion of this area could be supplied Rivers j from Hawea River power and pumping scheme. Maniototo (Upper Taieri) Taieri River and storage j 25 500 16-87 16*59 100,000 60 .. 16,734 Modified scheme for complete irrigation of dam (Waipiata) I 5,000 acres is possible without storage, or for reasonable partial irrigation of 15,000 acres. Surveys practically complete for scheme to irrigate 100,000 acres. Scandinavian .. Tributaries of Manuheri- .. 20 30-66 .. .. .. .. .. For lands about St. Bathan's. To bear £15,000 kia River (St. Bathan's) towards cost of Falls dam, Upper Manuherikia scheme. Irrigable area, 3,000 acres. Upper Clutha Valley (in- Hawea and Clutha Rivers 580 .. 21-83 19-77 .. .. .. .. Investigations have been made for a hydroeluding Hawea Flats) (pumping) with power- (Hawea R.) (Hawea Flat, Lug- electric power development at the outlet of station at outlet of 3,000 gate, and Tarras) Lake Hawea. Sufficient power would be Lake Hawea (Clutha R.) available to pump water from the Hawea and Clutha Rivers to 13,700 acres in the Upper Clutha Valley. Upper Manuherikia (ex- Manuherikia River and 36 .. 20-37 21-47 16,000 58 60 6,553 Surveys and investigations have been made for tension of Omakau storage dam at Manu- (at dam- (Clyde, Ophir, and the extension of the Omakau scheme (now Scheme) herikia Falls site) Blackstone Hill) under construction) to supply lands between Tiger Hill and Clyde. Irrigable area, 12,000 acres. Investigation of proposed .. .. .. .. | .. .. j 2,145 Includes the reading of river and rain gauges. schemes Total: Schemes under investigation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56,345 Grand total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,800,012 * Inoiudes expenditure from Public Works Fund, Consolidated Fund, Unemployment Fund; also administration and loan charges.

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APPENDICES TO THE PUBLIC WORKS STATEMENT, 1938.

APPENDIX A. AUDITED STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE ON PUBLIC AVORKS OUT OF THE PUBLIC WORKS FUND FOR THE YEAR 1937-38.

Prepared in compliance with Section 8 of the Public Works Act, 1928.

Sir,— Public Works Department, Wellington, Bth June, 1938. In compliance with the Bth section of the Public Works Act, 1928, I enclose a statement of the expenditure during the preceding financial year on all works and services chargeable to the Public Works Fund. I have, &c., R. Semple, The Controller and Auditor-General, Wellington. Minister of Public Works.

Statement of Net Expenditure on all Works and Services chargeable to the Public Works Fund for the Year 1937-38.

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VoteNo ' Summary. ExpSditure. Credits in Aid. &p 2 tur e. I General Purposes Account— £ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 36 Public Works, Departmental .. .. 194,810 447,551 10 9 260,596 17 3 186,954 13 6 37, 38 Railways .. .. .. .. 3,496,482 2,763,981 17 3 350,991 19 92,412,989 17 6 39,40 Public Buildings .. .. .. 1,781,960 1,335,591 8 9 101,042 15 91,234,548 13 0 41,42 Lighthouses and Harbour-works .. 37,090 19,532 1 4 7,854 13 0 11,677 8 4 43 Development of Tourist Resorts .. 45,375 23,534 7 8 375 6 11 23,159 0 9 44 Roads, Bridges, and other Public Works 1,493,360 1,297,780 17 10 171,024 0 01,126,756 17 10 45 Telegraph Extension .. .. .. 750,000 531,512 6 11 219,251 14 11 312,260 12 0 46 Lands, Miscellaneous .. .. .. 157,325 282,815 18 4 135,379 18 10 147,435 19 6 47 Irrigation, Water-supply, and Drainage 145,000 174,961 7 5 103,302 2 7 71,659 4 10 48 Swamp Land Drainage .. .. 23,000 30,202 16 1 10,801 2 0 19,401 14 1 49 Settlement of Unemployed Workers .. 302,500 460,264 17 1 149,600 1 2 310,664 15 11 50 Native Land Settlement .. .. 250,000 814,135 8 8 559,308 4 4 254,827 4 4 51 Dairy Industry Loans .. .. 30,000 4,565 0 7 .. 4,565 0 7 Unauthorized — Services not provided for .. .. .. 1,699 4 3 570 13 9 1,128 10 6 Totals, General Purposes Account .. 8,706,902 8,188,129 2 112,070,099 10 36,118,029 12 8 Electric Supply Account— 52 Development of Water-power .. .. 1,370,000 1,037,062 4 10 29,096 13 31,007,965 11 7 Totals, Publio Works Fund .. 10,076,902 9,225,191 7 92,099,196 3 67,125,995 4 3

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APPENDIX A—continued.

Note. —This statement includes only the expenditure on works, and does not include expenditure such as interest, sinking funds, and charges and expenses of loans. J. W. Scott, A.R.A.N.Z. Chief Accountant. A. J. Baker, Acting Isngineer-in-Chief and Under-Secretary. The expenditure charged to the Public Works Fund has been examined and found correct subject to the remark that, as the Appropriation Act, 1937, made no provision for subdivisions in vote, " Public Buildings," the allocation of expenditure to the several subdivisions of that vote has not been checked.—J. H. Fowler, Controller and Auditor-General.

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Vote No - Name of Vote. ! pfffin. j Expenditure. j Credits in Aid. Exv f^ itme . Public Works Fund. General Purposes Account—■ £ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 36 Public Works, Departmental .. .. 194,810 447,551 10 9 260,596 17 3 186,954 13 6 Railways— 37 Railway-construction .. .. 1,293,025 1,202,138 1 0 81,920 7 41,120,217 13 8 38 Railways Improvements and Additions 2,203,457 1,561,843 16 3 269,071 12 51,292,772 3 10 to Open Lines 39 Public Buildings— 1,229,960 Subdivision I—Public Buildings, General .. 340,377 16 1 79,360 15 9 261,017 0 4 Subdivision II—Courthouses .. .. 21,463 4 11 5,060 0 0 16,403 4 11 Subdivision III —Prison Buildings and .. 9,506 1 4 30 9 8 9,475 11 8 Works Subdivision IV—Police-stations .. .. 16,085 12 1 5,000 0 0 11,085 12 1 Subdivision V —Postal and Telegraph .. 250,896 6 6 2,751 16 5 248,144 10 1 Subdivision VI —Mental Hospitals .. .. 126,631 14 1 802 12 5 125,829 1 8 Subdivision VII—Health and Hospital .. 15,871 16 4 124 10 5 15,747 5 11 Institutions 40 Education Buildings .. .. .. 552,000 554,758 17 5 7,912 11 1 546,846 6 4 41 Lighthouses.. .. .. .. 32,090 8,264 16 9 4 13 0 8,260 3 9 42 Harbour-works .. .. .. 5,000 11,267 4 7 7,850 0 0 3,417 4 7 43 Development of Tourist Resorts .. 45,375 23,534 7 8 375 6 11 23,159 0 9 44 Roads, Bridges, and other Public Works 1,493,360 1,297,780 17 10 171,024 0 01,126,756 17 10 45 Telegraph Extension .. .. .. 750,000 531,512 6 11 219,251 14 11 312,260 12 0 46 Lands, Miscellaneous .. .. .. 157,325 282,815 18 4 135,379 18 10 147,435 19 6 47 Irrigation, Water-supply, and Drainage .. 145,000 174,961 7 5 103,302 2 7 71,659 4 10 48 Swamp Land Drainage .. .. 23,000 30,202 16 1 10,801 2 0 19,401 14 1 49 Settlement of Unemployed Workers .. 302,500 460,264 17 1 149,600 1 2 310,664 15 11 50 Native Land Settlement .. .. 250,000 814,135 8 8 559,308 4 4 254,827 4 4 51 Dairy Industry Loans .. .. 30,000 4,565 0 7 .. 4,565 0 7 UnauthorizedServices not provided for .. .. .. 1,699 4 3 570 13 9 1,128 10 6 Totals, General Purposes Account .. 8,706,902 8,188,129 2 112,070,099 10 36,118,029 12 8 Electric Supply Account— 52 Development of Water-power .. .. 1,370,000 1,037,062 4 10 29,096 13 3 1,007,965 11 7 Totals, Public Works Fund .. 10,076,902 9,225,191 7 92,099,196 3 67,125,995 4 3

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APPENDIX B.

ANNUAL REPORT ON PUBLIC WORKS BY THE ENGINEER-IN-CHI EE.

The Engineer-in-Chief to the Hon. the Minister of Public Works. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report upon the various works under my control completed and in progress throughout the Dominion during the period Ist July, 1937, to 30th June, 1938. Table No. 3 (pages 9, 10, 11) shows the expenditure on Government Railways in New Zealand up to 31st March, 1938,.and also the mileage opened for traffic.

RAILWAYS. North Auckland Main Trunk Railway.—Okaihau Northwards. Rangiahua Section. —Since construction was abandoned in 1931 there has been progressive deterioration of the formation, principally through flood-damage and slipping of the very unstable country. A proposal to complete this railway was investigated, but the conclusion was reached that the high cost of restoration and completion could not be justified, principally because the limited territory to be served can be more efficiently catered for by other forms of transportation services. It was therefore decided to salvage the permanent-way, ballast, building, plant, &c., for use elsewhere. Part of the track was accessible for salvage operations only during the summer, and work was confined to removing only such materials as could be used to immediate advantage on other works. The rails, sleepers, and fastenings were lifted from 25 m. to 35 m. 48 ch. and the material transferred to the Dargaville Branch Railway. Some 18,000 cubic yards of crushed-metal ballast were loaded with a modern powered excavator at very economical cost, and stored at convenient dumps, to be used on State highway reconstruction, for which purpose it is very suitable. Three 30 ft. and two 20 ft. plategirder spans were dismantled and disposed of to the Railway Department. Platelayers' cottages are being removed to locations where extra accommodation for officers is necessary, and the disposal of other buildings is in hand. Dargaville Branch Railway. With the object of avoiding the creating of new level-crossings and of eliminating several existing level-crossings of the Kaihu Branch Railway within the Borough of Dargaville, the former route into the town, and the existing railway-station, have been abandoned in favour of a new proposal. On this new route provision is to be made for a more spacious station-yard with facilities more in keeping with the needs of the district than is possible on the present site. While the question of routes has been under investigation work has been confined to the unopened section between Kirikopuni and Tango wahine, and to the partly-completed section between Tangowahine and Te Wharau, where the new route diverges. The principal activity on the former section is completion of ballasting. Some 4,800 cubic yards have been placed, and the final lift completed over the major part of the length from 0 m. to 7 m. 19 ch. Forward of Tangowahine the formation has been restored, and rails laid to Te Wharau (14 m. 56 ch.) and a base-course of quarry dust laid between 11 m. 72 ch. and 13 m. 67 ch. Other activities include overhaul of fences, plant, bridges, and erection of accommodation. Employees as at June, 1938, numbered 106, and this number may be increased to a maximum of about 130 when formation of the Te Wharau - Dargaville Section is begun shortly. Since construction work was suspended in December, 1930, a goods and passenger service has been operated by the Public Works Department between Kirikopuni and Tangowahine. Tauraroa Quarry.—The output of crushed metal for the year was 32,095 cubic yards, as compared with 9,869 cubic yards and 23,570 cubic yards respectively in the two preceding years. The increase is mainly due to the Railway Department's requirements for restoring flood-damage and to the demand for ballast for the Dargaville Railway. The output to date from this quarry now exceeds 600,000 cubic yards, and it still continues to fulfil a most important function in supplying requirements of crushed metal for railways, roads, and highways. Since the taking-over of State highways

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the demand for crushed metal for maintenance, reconstruction, and permanent paving has increased, and with a view to ensuring a dependable and economical source of supply the quarry plant has been maintained in first-class order. The output was distributed as follows: Public Works Department, 10,212 cubic yards ; counties, 2,225 cubic yards ; New Zealand Railways, 19,140 cubic yards ; private purchasers, 518 cubic yards. Paeroa-Pokeno Railway. A commencement of the preliminary work for the construction of this line was made in October ast, and a survey party started on the relocation of the centre-line as pegged thirteen years previously. Owing mainly to the deviation and reconstruction of the Pokeno-Paeroa State Highway and the Great South Road during the intervening period, and to areas flooding more heavily than previously, it was found necessary to relocate the line over these lengths. As a result, fourteen miles of new survey became necessary. From the Pokeno end, 14 miles of trial line and 6 miles of permanent line were finished alon; with plans. Three miles (25-28) were repegged and levelled, and permanent plans completed. At the Paeroa end the line was repegged from 0 m. to 8 m. and plans prepared for 0 m. to 7 m. Construction headquarters were established at Pokeno, and the following buildings were erected : Office, store, carpenter's shop, staff bach, five married staff houses, five single staff huts, ten storage huts, sixteen married-men's quarters, and. twenty-seven single-men's quarters. At the Paeroa end the office, workshop, six married-men's and twenty-two single-men's quarters were completed. Actual construction on the route has been commenced at Maramarua, about 15 miles from Pokeno, where clearing, fencing, culverting, draining, and additional camp accommodation are being pushed ahead as fast as possible. At the Paeroa end No. 1 dredge has pumped 12,750 cubic yards to the right bank and 10,276 cubic yards of sand to the left bank approach of the Waihou River. East Coast Main Trunk Railway: Extensions to Opotiki. The Government decided recently that the construction of the railway from Taneatua to Opotiki was to be proceeded with, and for the past month or so survey parties have been investigating the question of alternative routes. It has now been decided to adhere to the route through the Waimana Gorge, and a survey party is proceeding to peg the permanent line. It will be necessary to carry out a fair amount of survey work before construction can commence, but it is anticipated that the work will be under way before the end of the year. The construction of the railway necessitated the abandonment of portions of the existing State highway through the Waimana Gorge, and investigations are at present in hand to ascertain the possibility of constructing the State highway on a different route. Even if this is done it will be necessary to construct a new road through the Waimana Gorge also, so as to give farmers the same road access as they have at present. Napier-Gisborne Railway. Work on this railway has been considerably disorganized by disastrous floods which have occurred, but in spite of these good progress has been made. On the night of 19th February phenomenal rainfall in the watersheds of the Kopuawhara and Maraetaha Streams caused unprecedented flooding in these streams, and the single men's quarters at No. 4 Camp in the Kopuawhara Valley were swept away and twenty-two valuable lives were lost. Seven married men's quarters at Boyds Camp on the Maraetaha watershed were also swept away by the flood-waters, but fortunately only one life was lost. Further heavy flooding in April did a great deal of damage to the railway, and the programme of construction is probably six months behind schedule time. The section of the railway between Putorino and Wairoa was to have been completed and handed over to the Railway Department in June, but the disastrous flood of April has altered the position completely. The major portion of the damage to the railway was on the section between Napier and Putorino, which had already been handed over to the Railway Department. It is anticipated that the restoration of this section will take four to five months to complete, so that it will probably be towards the end of the year before the line between Napier and Wairoa is open for regular traffic. A through-goods service to Wairoa had been inaugurated in August, 1937, and, as can be seen from figures given later in this report, had been well patronized. The closing of the line and the stoppage of goods traffic has been most unfortunate for the people served by it. The total expenditure on this railway over the period from Ist July, 1937, to 30th June, 1938, was £451,241. The average number of men employed was 1,100. Details of the work carried out on the various sections of the railway are as follows : — Napier-Putorino Section (Length, 38 m. 62 ch.). —The restoration of this section of the railway after the damage of the 1931 earthquake was completed by this Department, and it was opened to regular traffic by the Railway Department. As mentioned above, however, it was very seriously damaged by the floods of April and will be closed to traffic for four or five months. Restoration of the line is being undertaken by the Railway Department and good progress is being made. Putorino - Te Kurni Section (Length, 18 m. 10 ch.). —In the past twelve months relatively little ' formation was done beyond the clearing of minor slips and widening of banks and cuttings,

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and fairly extensive work in the Kotemaori and Raupunga Station Yards. In all, some 16,000 cubic yards were handled. This was made up as follows : — Cubic yards Kotemaori and Raupunga Station Yards .. .. .. .. 6,000 Reforming weak banks and cuttings .. .. .. .. .. 4,500 Clearing slip material (maintenance) .. .. .. .. .. 5,500 16,000 In addition, a start has been made in clearing up the April flood-damage, and some 5,000 cubic yards of slip material has been removed and some 3,000 cubic yards of washouts filled. The south portal of Kotemaori Tunnel was completed by a straight-face wall into solid papa on either side. All tunnels have been ballasted and completed. The Waikare Viaduct at 38 m. 15 ch. was spot-painted with red lead and given one coat of red-oxide paint. A 3 ft. flat-top culvert was put in at 42 m. 13-10 ch. leading into side drive. Painting of Mohaka Viaduct with red lead was completed, and a final coat of red-oxide paint given to the whole structure. Washout pipes were fitted to the main river legs and connections for a 2 in. hose. Spot-painting of the Maungaturanga Viaduct with red lead was carried out, and a coat of red-oxide paint was given to the whole structure. The holding-down bolts to the towers were all withdrawn and painted and restored. These will all be concreted in in the near future. At the south portal of the Mohaka Tunnel an 18 in. culvert 40 ft. long was placed below the right-hand water-table to drain off all water coming over the tunnel portal. At the north end 90 ft. of 18 in. pipe was similarly placed and a concrete box built at the inlet. During the period 250 ch. of new fence was erected mainly in station-yards and 657 ch. of repairs carried out. Fencing is now quite complete except for flood-damaged sections and alterations required for private crossing-gates. Formation for private crossings has been carried out at 38 m. 76-50 ch., 39 m. 66-50 ch., and 46 m. 53 ch., and gates are set out ready for erection. All this work, which was interrupted by the flood, will be shortly completed. Cattle-stops have been placed at Kotemaori Yard 43 m. 24 ch. and 25 ch. and at Raupunga Yard 50 m. 50 ch. and 51 ch. The telephone-line was re-aligned and relocated throughout with new material where required by the New Zealand Railway's own gang of linesmen. Both Kotemaori and Raupunga Yards were considerably enlarged, and the platelaying for these yards was all carried out. These yards now consist of main line, main siding, and two other loops together with a back-shunt at one end and a double back-shunt at the other to work the stock-yards. Maungaturanga Viaduct was redecked in permanent sleepers and relaid with new rails. Guardrails were completed on Waikare Viaduct, on the overbridge at 44 m. 32 ch., Mohaka Viaduct, and Maungaturanga Viaduct. All platelaying was completed in October. Ballast has been obtained from four sources during the period —viz., Bay View, Mohaka Pit, Narrow River, and Mohaka River —and a total quantity of 33,900 cubic yards was used. In addition to above ballast, 2,500 cubic yards of red metal was used in both Raupunga and Kotemaori Yards. This metal was obtained from Kakariki Pit and Raupunga Pit respectively. The Bay View Ballast (beach shingle) was all used in Kotemaori Yard back-shunt. Mohaka ballast pit crashed and washed red metal with fines screened out was used exclusively between 41 m. 70 ch. and the Mohaka Viaduct, 39 m. 25 ch. The Mohaka River ballast (shingle) was used almost exclusively in Kotemaori and Raupunga Station Yards. The Wairoa River ballast (unscreened) shingle was used principally north of the Mohaka Viaduct, though about 3,000 cubic yards were used to complete the ballasting from Putorino (37 m. 20 eh.) to Kotemaori Tunnel 41 m. 70 ch. All tunnels were blinded and curves built up with Wairoa ballast. All ballast was completed at the end of March. The third lift throughout was completed in January of this year, but very extensive fettling and general maintenance was required from then on to maintain the track at high standard. This was due to the very heavy traffic the line was carrying and there is no doubt heavy maintenance for six months is necessary to ensure a really good and well-consolidated track. Curves of 7\ ch. radius were particularly difficult, as all traffic was slow and heavy and curves dropped on the inner rail. At Putorino (37 m. 20 ch.) a new Stationmaster's residence was erected and was practically completed at the end of the period. Also erected at Putorino were an Inspector's quarters and single-men's quarters ; these were completed in June of this year. At Raupunga (50 m. 30 ch.), previously known as Mohaka, single-men's quarters were completed late in June of this year. This completes all accommodation in this area. Kotemaori Station Yard (43 m. 10 ch.). —This yard has been greatly extended in size during the year, involving 15,000 cubic yards of earthwork and the extending of the side drive on left of 43 m. 2 ch. and cutting of new side drain some 12 ch. long. The main points were shifted farther apart and two loops added to the yard, giving a capacity of forty-five trucks in first loop and twenty-one in each of the second and third loops. Also twenty-five in the south end back-shunt and two twenty-five's and an eight-wagon capacity in the north back-shunt leading past the cattle yards.

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A station building was completed, also latrines and a concrete-fronted platform 200 ft. long. A goods-shed, 20 ft. by 14 ft., was erected and a large loading-bank. Stock-yards, with holding-pen alongside, were completed. An access road to the platform was put in crossing the line alongside the platelayer's cottages at 43 m. 24 ch. This yard is complete except for repairs made necessary by flood-water damage in the recent heavy rains. The Raupunga Yard has been completed by adding another back loop and extending the others ; it now has a capacity of fifty-seven wagons on the first loop and twenty-eight on the others, otherwise it is the same as Kotemaori Yard. A platform with a concrete front 200 ft. long was put in here ; also an enlarged station building, and latrines with septic tank. The old goods-shed was shifted back and a new loop added. This shed was completed by adding the sliding doors and veranda. The old loading-bank was dismantled and a new one provided. The stock-yards are completed except for the holding-paddocks. These cannot be fully completed until the temporary married accommodation is removed. This yard has been fully fenced ofl to exclude all wandering stock. It is complete except for the holding-yards, as stated above, and the clearing-away of temporary buildings. A 40 ft. overbridge with large approach fillings is in hand where the Te Kahu Road crosses the, railway at 52 m. 48 ch. This is at present a paper road, but is to be developed by the Native Department. The number of men on this section has varied between 200 and 120, the general average being about 170. The weather has been very favourable on the whole right up to the heavy storm of Anzac Day week-end, which was centred around the Putorino area. Ballast washouts were fairly frequent, but in general of a minor nature which could easily be remedied by water-table improvements. There were numerous small slips, but few of great size, and all have tended to greater safety due to releasing overburden. In general this flood has put back proceedings some five months, due to men being diverted to flood-damage repairs on highways for two months and to an extra two to three months of work correcting flood damage on the railway. Owing to more extensive damage elsewhere on each side of this section no great expedition is called for in making good flood-damage. Te Kumi - Wairoa Section (Length, 15 m. 22 ch.). —Construction work on this section has been practically completed, the largest work still to be done being erection of fifteen cottages at Wairoa and completion of station buildings at Wairoa. Track work consisted chiefly of ballasting and fettling and general cleaning-up of cuttings. Platelaying was confined to station-yards, where extensive alterations and additions were carried out. During the year a total of 48,276 cubic yards of ballast was taken from the Wairoa River under contract. Of this, 32,918 cubic yards was used between the Mohaka Viaduct and Wairoa, the balance of 15,358 cubic yards going to the Wairoa-Waikokopu section. The whole of the telephone-line has been reconditioned, this work being carried out by the Railway Department. Particulars of work in station-yards is as follows : — A shelter-shed, goods-shed, latrines, and bunkhouse have been erected at Waihua. Two concreteblock cottages were strengthened and reconditioned. A platform and loading-bank were constructed and the stock-yards completed. Track work involved one extra siding and extension of passing loop and back-shunts. A total of 30 ch. of new track was laid. The only work still to be done is construction of a cart-dock and provision of buffer-stops. A shelter-shed, goods-shed, latrines, platform, and loading-bank have been constructed at Ohinepaka Station Yard. Track work involved two extra sidings and extension of passing-loop and back-shunts, 45 ch. of new track having been laid. The only remaining work is construction of cartdock and buffer-stops. Sidings to engine-yard facilities were laid at Wairoa Station and, in addition, one extra back-shunt and a connection between the stock-siding and engine-yard was laid. One extra siding was laid the full length of the yard. Greatly increased facilities for stock-loading are being provided at this station, and, except for paving of yards and completion of a small amount of fencing, this has been completed. A contract has been let for engine-shed, rail-car shed, engine-drivers' shed, latrines, and refreshment-rooms, but work on these has not yet been started. A new site within the borough was purchased for twenty-one cottages, and a contract for erection of fifteen cottages, reading, and fencing is being prepared. Working in conjunction with the Railway Department, a through goods service was put into operation in August, 1937, between Wairoa and Napier. This was well patronized, particularly in regard to stock and manures. Up to April, 1938, when floods caused cessation of this service, the following totals had been carried :— Outwards from Wairoa : Cattle (head), 8,889 ; sheep (head), 49,531 ; other goods (tons), 1,680. Inwards to Wairoa : Cattle (head), 771 ; sheep (head), 5,890 ; timber (superficial feet), 268,990; other goods (tons), 8,679. A number of special passenger-trains were run and one very large circus train. To handle these goods an office was established by the Railway Department at Wairoa, but all train-running, except the special passenger-trains, were run by this Department.

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All flood-damage restoration between Te Kumi and Wairoa has been completed. Restoration work between Moliaka Tunnel and Wailrna was carried out from the Wairoa end. Restoration of the line south of Te Kumi at 55 m. 45 ch. has reached Mohaka Tunnel, 53 m. 25 ch., where a Diesel shovel has been installed to handle the large slip at the north portal. There are still two washouts, one a large one, to be filled in on this section. Wairoa-W aikokopu Section (Length 24 m. 11 ch.). —Except for station buildings at Tuhara and Whakaki and a small amount of ballasting, construction work on this section is practically completed. Extensions and additions at Whakaki and Nuhaka Station Yards were asked for by the Railway Department, and this work is completed. To replace decayed sleepers 10,000 new and approximately 3,000 good second-hand sleepers were laid in the track, and a considerable amount of extra ballasting and fettling, particularly on the swamp sections was carried out. In this work and for station-yard extensions, 15,358 cubic yards of ballast was used. The telephone-line was reconstructed throughout by the Railway Department. Work in station-yards is as follows : —• No extensions were required at Tuhara. A contract has been let for a shelter-shed, and a lon,dingbank has been constructed. Access roads have been formed and metalled. A platform has been erected and stock-yards and loading-bank provided at Whakaki. A contract has been let for two cottages, shelter-sheds, goods-shed, latrines, and a bunkhouse, and of these the bunkhouse, shelter-shed, and goods-shed are completed. Track-extensions involved laying 43 ch. of new track in one extra siding and extension of passingloop and back-shunts. A platform, station building, goods-shed, and latrines have been erected at Nuhaka Station Yard, and extensive alterations and additions carried out to the track, involving placing 45 ch. of new track. Access roads have been formed and metalled. No work has been done in the Waikokopu Yard, and completion of it is being left to be done in conjunction with construction on the Waikokopu-Gisborne section. Maintenance of the track has this year been dealt with in connection with construction work. The goods service has been run with greater regularity than in past years, particularly since the introduction of a nightly service between Wairoa and Napier. Kopuawhara Section (Length 11 m. 20 ch.). —During the year the Waikokopu Station Yard was taken over from the Napier District and the section may now be regarded as commencing at 22 m. 52 ch. The progress of work on this section has been greatly hampered by the phenomenal floods of 19th February and 25th April, so much so that cutting excavation between 27 m. and 33 m. has been practically at a standstill since the former date. All available men have been concentrated on the clearing and reforming of the access road. It was, however, fortunately possible to proceed with work on the south end of the Waiau-Tikiwhata tunnel, several weeks only being lost in establishing access to this portion of the section. A length of 116 ch. of permanent fencing has been erected during the year. During the period a total of 192,500 cubic yards of excavation was completed, almost entirely by co-operative contract parties. A Diesel shovel was engaged on the Waikokopu section in formation of embankment across the estuary and in clearing substantial slips in the vicinity of 24 m. Most of the latter spoil has gone into embankment north of the Opoutama Stream Bridge at 24 m. 13 ch. Another shovel was engaged in cutting at 29 m. 20 ch., completing embankment at 29 m. 30 ch. Since February, however, this machine has been entirely engaged in the access road. In the light of experience gained during the heavy rains in February and April it is evident that a number of cuttings will require somewhat flatter batters. A further 584 ft. of sea-wall, containing 690 cubic yards of concrete and stone, were completed, and 270 ft. of coping placed on the wall between 24 m. 50 ch. and 24 m. 11 ch. The base of pier D of the Waikokopu Stream. Bridge (at 23 m. 21 ch.) has been completed and a commencement made on abutment Eof this bridge. A total length of 615 ft. of 14 in. square reinforced piles has been constructed and will be available for driving in August. The Opoutama Stream Bridge (at 24m. 13 ch.) has been practically completed, the deck system of the final span only remaining to be done. A total of 300 cubic yards of concrete has been placed. Considerable time was taken in excavating for foundations owing to the exposed position of this bridge, southerly storms, with high seas, frequently holding up work on the pier bases. All the piles for the Kopuawhara Stream Bridge (at 27 m. 47 ch.) have been cast, a total of 1,565 ft. of 16 in. octagonal piles now being available for the job. The northern abutment piles, each 50 ft. long, have now been driven and work on the remainder is in progress. Four test bores were sunk at the bridge-sites at 30 m. 15 ch. totalling 125 ft. of drilling. Twelve test bores were put down at the bridge-sites at 33 m. 27 ch. and 33 m. 33 ch., making a total of 328 ft. of drilling at these two sites. A total of 80 ft. of 18 in., 36 ft. of 24 in., and 42 ft. of 30 in. pipe culverts were installed during the year. Water Drives : The only work under this heading undertaken during the year was the construction of the intake to water drive at 31 m. 06 ch. Tunnels —At 30 m. 9-45 ch. The south portal of this tunnel was built and the complete length of 52 yards of the tunnel excavated and lined. Work is in hand on the excavation of the northern approach, preparatory to construction of this portal. At 33 m. 6-77 ch. : The bottom heading of this tunnel has been completed, a length of 6 ch. Excavation to full section and lining was commenced from the southern end and the south portal constructed. Full excavation extends thence for 200 ft. and lining for 165 ft.

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On the Waiau-Tikiwhata Tunnel (south end) excavation and lining has been in progress throughout the year, with the exception of the periods in February and April previously referred to. A length of 11-J ch. has been excavated and timbered to full section. The portal is complete and lining carried over 7 ch., stub walls and footings having been constructed for a further 3-J ch. Mucking scraper and loader, concrete-pump, and steel profiling are in use in this tunnel. During the year the installation of 800-cubic-feet Diesel compressor unit, 25-h.p. ventilating-fan, bins and batch ing-plant, and track lay-out inside and outside of tunnel were completed. The clearing of approach cuttings to tunnels at 30 m. 47 ch., and 31 m. 40 ch. was in hand in February. Since then it has not been possible to proceed with work owing to the man-power concerned being diverted to the access road. Maintenance of the service road form the Kopuawhara Road bridge to the south end of the Waiau-Tikiwhata tunnel, a distance of 9| m., has been carried out, and the metalling of the Coast Road to over a length of 4 m. completed. Very considerable damage occurred to the road during both the February and April floods, and although it should be open for traffic to the Waiau-Tikiwhata tunnel within a month considerable surface trimming and metalling will be required. The crushing-plant previously installed in the vicinity of 33 m. has been put into operation at Kopuawhara at 29 m. 40 ch. The two road bridges opposite 30 m. 65 ch. and 31 m. 25 ch. which were destroyed by the February flood will very shortly be replaced. In the meantime the stream can be crossed by fords. Service repairs were carried out to accommodation, porches to married quarters were added where required, and single-men's tents provided with lining. Inspection and maintenance of the main 11 kV. line and reticulation was carried out and a voltage regulator installed at Opoutama. Considerable renewals of the main line were necessary in February after the flood, when approximately a mile of new line was erected. Wharerata Section (Length 9 m. 17 ch.) —Tunnelling and heavy earthworks constitute the major problems on this section. The earthworks are nearing completion, and the tunnels are being vigorously attacked with the help of up-to-date machinery. With the exception of the smaller culverts on the section between 19 m. and 20 m. 36 ch. and in the Tikiwhata Valley, culverting is completed. These smaller culverts will be constructed when the completion of the formation provides cheaper access. 63 ft. of pipes up to 24 in. diameter were placed during the year. At 19 m. 71 ch. a 5 ft. by 4 ft. drive was excavated in order to divert a small stream to a suitable culvert site. Earthworks on this section are nearing completion. In the Waikoura Valley the embankment between 16 m. 5 ch. and 16 m. 30 ch. has still to be formed with spoil from the Waikoura Tunnel at 17 m. 51 ch. Between 14 in. 50 ch. and 15m. 18 ch. minor cuttings will not be started until bridge-work in the vicinity is further advanced. Major cuttings between 18 m. 43 ch. and 20 m. 36 ch., the section along the sea-coast, are completed except for trimming batters and the removal of slips. In the Tikiwhata Valley the big filling at 35 m. 62 ch., 105 ft. high, is gradually taking shape. The rock cutting between 35 m. 70 ch. and 35 m. 76 ch., together with 356 lineal feet of concrete retaining-wall, has still to be completed. Two f-cubic-yard Diesel excavators were employed on the section, the total earthwork completed amounting to 470,250 cubic yards, or approximately 94 per cent, of the total. The contractor has started on the construction of a new highway bridge over the Maraetaha Stream at 15 m. 15 ch. This bridge will improve the road-alignment and eliminate a railway overbridge. Hie use of modern machinery in the larger tunnels has enabled the work to proceed more rapidly and has reduced to a minimum the heavy manual labour previously associated with such work. Electrically operated muck-scrapers load up to 95 per cent, of the spoil into trucks without handling. The difficulty of exchanging full for empty trucks at the loading-slide is overcome by using a compressedair hoist to lift the empty trucks clear and lower them at the rear of the rake of trucks hauled by an electric locomotive. A rake of eight or ten trucks can be filled in this way on a single track, no siding being required. Concrete for lining the tunnel is placed in position behind steel profiling by means of an electrically driven pump. In a period of ten to twelve hours 32 ft. of tunnel can be lined in one operation. The Waikoura Tunnel (1,576§ lineal yards) (north end) having the easiest access, is the furthest advanced, and various methods and positions for the machinery were tried here before adoption in the other major tunnels. Work was delayed by floods, a large slip occurring on the spur above the bins and concretemixing plant. The structure was moved on its foundations, and although the bins have been secured the structure housing the mixing-plant had to be rebuilt on a new site. To date 420 lineal yards of tunnel have been excavated, 244 lineal yards lined with concrete, and an additional 30 lineal yards of concrete butt walls placed.' At the Waikoura Tunnel (south end) the same methods are adopted in this face of the tunnel as at the north end, and good progress has been made. 272 lineal yards of tunnel have been excavated, of which 110 lineal yards are lined with concrete. A further 81 lineal yards of butt walls have been placed ahead of the completed lining. At the tunnel at 18 m. 70 ch. (101. lineal yards), 29 lineal yards were excavated and 34 lineal yards lined with concrete, completing this tunnel. At the tunnel at 20 m. 10 ch. (131 lineal yards), 55 yards have been completed, including lining, and a further 14 yards of top heading driven. Progress has not been rapid owing to the heavy nature

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of the ground and the difficulty of access. To convey material to the tunnel it was necessary to construct 30 ch. of sledge track and erect a chute 530 ft. long. At the Coast Tunnel (1,024 lineal yards) the bottom heading was completed, 824 yards being driven during the year. Metal bins and concrete-mixing plant were erected at the south portal, and 5 yards of tunnel excavated to full section. Good progress was made with the driving of the Waiau-Tikiwhata Tunnel (3,267J lineal yards) (north end), but concrete lining was delayed pending the arrival of suitable electric and Diesel mine locomotives. One Diesel and two battery locomotives are now in operation, and the party is concentrating on lining the length of tunnel already excavated. A length of 311 yards was excavated, and 60 yards of tunnel lined with concrete. An additional 32 lineal yards of concrete butt walls are in position. The machine shop with modern equipment, including electric arc welder, has had difficulty in keeping ahead of the work, which includes plant repairs of all kinds and the fabrication of tunnelling and bridge gear. The sawmill at Bartletts cuts to size timber for all the tunnels, on massed-production lines, and has effected a considerable saving. 4,730 cubic yards of crushed metal was supplied by the stone-crushing plant for use on highway deviations and access roads. Major plant in use on this section includes : Two Diesel excavators, two steam-locomotives, two petrol locomotives, one Diesel locomotive, five Diesel mine-type locomotives, five electric-battery locomotives, ten concrete-mixers, four air-compressors (stationary), two air-compressors (portable), three tunnel-mucking scrapers, three concrete pumps, and five air-hoists. One Y.M.C.A. and twenty married-men's quarters were erected, in addition to various service buildings, all being served with electric light. Minor damage only was caused on this section by the flood on 19th February. Floods on 25th April and 4th May, however, caused many large slips. Culverts and water-drives were blocked with debris, and in one case the inlet to a water-drive was completely buried under a large slip, and the drive had to be abandoned. The clearing of slips will be undertaken by Diesel excavators when the material is sufficiently dry to handle. Gisbome Section (Length, 14 m. 7 ch.). —No fewer than sixteen bridges are required on this section, and work has been confined mainly to bridge-construction, platelaying, and ballasting. Ninety per cent, of the earthwork has been completed, involving the removal of 149,881 cubic yards of material, and formation is ready for platelaying as far as 10 m. Station-yards at Matawhero, 2 m., and Muriwai, 9 m., were formed, using a Diesel excavator and tractor-drawn carry-all scraper. Approach banks to the Waipaoa Bridge were completed and withstood floods exceptionally well. The deviation of the main highway between 8 m. 35 ch. and 8 m. 67 ch. was completed and opened for traffic during the period. This deviation necessitated 11 ch. of new road, and a levelcrossing at 8 m. 77-5 ch. to provide access to Muriwai Village. At 10 m. 33 ch. a diversion of the Wairekaia Stream, 9 ch. long, is being constructed to straighten the stream and improve the sites for the railway bridge and new highway bridge. A Diesel drag-line has half completed this work, the spoil being utilized to form approach ramps to the overbridge at 10 m. 49 ch. A relocation of the railway from 13 m. 60 ch. to 14 m. 10 ch. was necessitated by the flood of 19th February, which washed out part of the completed formation. The survey and plans for the new location have been completed. Fifty per cent, of the fencing of the railway reserve is now completed, 567 ch. being erected during the year. 272 lineal feet of culvert, ranging from 18 in. pipe to 4 ft. by 4 ft. reinforced box, were constructed. Bridge-construction has been pushed ahead as fast as steel-supplies would allow. Floods retarded the work for a period of three months, during which silt and water rendered bridge-sites inaccessible. During part of this period workmen were employed on the erection of temporary bridges on the main highway, where washouts had occurred. Piers were completed on both bridges at 2 m. 55 ch. and 3 m. 4 ch., and temporary decking erected to enable platelaying to proceed. Waipaoa Bridge, sm. 4 ch. (six 30 ft. and nine 60 ft. spans) : All piers on this bridge were completed, and the erection of steel spans is proceeding. The six 30 ft. spans are in position, and two have been riveted. Four 60 ft. spans have been launched, and the riveting of two is completed. The loss of the temporary staging during the floods delayed the erection of the steelwork. Karaua Stream, sm. 37 ch. (three 25 ft. spans) : This bridge was completed. Wherowhero Stream, sm. 67 ch. (three 25 ft. spans) : Concrete piles have been cast, but will not be driven until the access track dries up. 6m. 55 ch. (one 25 ft. span) : Pile-driving is in progress at this bridge, and the piles for the next bridge at 7 m. 50 ch. are under construction. Wairekaia Stream Highway Bridge, 10 m. 36 ch. : This bridge will improve the highway alignment, which has been located to suit the railway overbridge at 10 m. 55 ch. The contractor has completed all piers with the exception of the south abutment. Overbridge, 10 m. 55 ch.: Four 45 ft. spans are being erected by contract. Two piers have completed, together with the reinforced-concrete beams and girders of the north span. The permanent track was laid to the north abutment of the Waipaoa Bridge at 4 m. 77-85 ch. : The first lift of ballast has been completed over this length, and the second lift as far as 2 m. 4 ch. At Matawhero Station Yard the first siding was laid and is being used for accumulating a stock of ballast

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A very considerable amount of damage was caused by a disastrous flood in the Mangakaiwherangi, Mangakotukut.uku, and Maraetalia Streams on 19th February. A small camp consisting of nine cottages and several single huts, situated on the river terrace at 13 m. 20 ch., was washed away With the loss of one life. The Mangakotuku Stream changed its course immediately above the bridge-site at 13 m. 17 ch., washing out the railway embankment and endangering two workmen's cottages nearby. Further damage was done to railway formation at 13 m. 57 ch. to 13 m. 65 ch. It is proposed to make a minor deviation of the railway at this locality in order to improve the bridge-site. Further serious floods occurred over the whole section on 25t.h April, and again on 4th May, causing much damage, particularly to bridge-works between 5 m. and 6 m. Owing to these floods the works were somewhat disorganized for a short period. The loss of two highway bridges and numerous slips threatened the food-supplies of the camps, and work on the railways was abandoned until road communication was restored, including the construction of two temporary highway bridges. The following major plant items are in operation on this section : One Diesel drag-line, one mechanical loader, one Diesel tractor and carry-all scraper, one Diesel pile-driving winch, two Diesel tractors with winch attached, two Diesel locomotives, two portable air compressors, and one sleeper adzing machine. Turakina-Okoia Railway Deviation. The survey of the deviation was completed and plans prepared. Very little clearing was necessary owing to the deviation running through open country. Two small diversions of the Matarawa Stream were carried out, otherwise no other waterways were afiected. Progress over the year has been satisfactory, 340 ch. of formation, cutting, and banks having been completed. Very little difficulty lias been experienced, favourable weather conditions having prevailed. At the northern end of the Fordell Tunnel 16 ch. of excavation has been carried out and 15 ch. has been lined. The southern end has been driven 11 ch. and lined for 10 ch. The driving of the southern heading was delayed by a slip of approximately 2,000 cubic yards. The total length of this tunnel is 72 ch. At the northen end of the Turakina Tunnel 9|- ch. of excavation has been completed, 9 ch. of this having been lined. The southern end had been driven for 9ch., 8 ch. of this having been lined. A run of sand delayed progress in this tunnel for a short time, but this trouble was speedily overcome. The total length of this tunnel is 104 ch. Work has not yet been undertaken on the Wangaehu and Turakina River Bridges, but the sites were surveyed, plans have been prepared and test piles cast preparatory to driving. During the period 1,533 lineal feet of culverts were laid on concrete foundations. A water-tunnel at 8 m. 40 ch., of a total length of 280 ft., was driven and lined. A total length of 846 ch. of standard fence has been erected, thus completing all fencing except for a few isolated sections which have been left open for service purposes. The formation of the station-yards at Fordell and Wangaehu is well in hand. Formation and metalling has been carried out on 140 ch. of the Matarawa Road, and the Fordell Station access road has been formed and metalled for 60 ch. Both these roads are being utilized as service access for the completion of the adjoining sections of the line. For the transport of material and stores, service roads were formed and metalled for a distance of 175 ch. between the main camp at Reynolds and the north and south entrances to the Turakina Tunnel. The local workshop has experienced a busy period, four electric locomotives having been assembled, electric compressor installed, and a Mucker scraper installed at one of the tunnels. Metal bins and concrete-mixers have also been installed at the tunnels. General repair work has been carried out, including a general overhaul of main-highway graders. All necessary buildings at each end of the tunnels have been erected. At Denlair Camp fourteen married quarters were built and a Y.M.C.A. building fitted with a post-office. At the Reynolds Camp twenty-six married quarters were erected, three standard houses for staff accommodation, and a Y.M.C.A. building fitted with a post-office. This brought the total accommodation up to ninety married quarters and fifty single quarters. Bathhouses, complete with drying-rooms and showers, were also erected at the single-men's camps and at both ends of both tunnels. Temporary telephone-lines were erected from 5 m. to 10 m. The number of men employed at the 30th June, 1938, was 302. Railway Duplication. Plimmerton to Paekakariki.—Good progress during the past year has been made on this work, the fine summer experienced being a contributing factor. The widening for duplication of the track has been completed over a length of 2 m. 42 ch., and a total of 81,100 cubic yards has been excavated during the year. From 19 m. 25 ch. to 20 m., and 20 m. 31 ch. to 22 m, 60 ch., the widening is in progress. Existing culverts have been extended as the work proceeds, and a total length of 760 ft. has been laid.

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As the work advances fences have been dismantled and re-erected on the new boundaries. To date 81 ch. has been permanently erected and 10 ch. of temporary fencing has been put up to keep stock from the permanent way. 78 chains of batter drains has been constructed to protect all banks. As it is possible to use the permanent-way, temporary crossings have been put in, thereby allowing for speedy delivery to all parts of the work. Nine lorries are engaged, and these have practically taken the place of hand trucks for excavation work. An average of 118 men were employed during the year. Midland Railway. No construction work has been carried out on this line during the year. A trial line survey of the section of line from Murchison to Inangahua Junction was put in hand during February, 1937. The old trial line was picked up at 94 m., and the survey is in hand up to 104 m. 50 ch. Very heavy country is being encountered on this section. Approximately 7m. remains to be surveyed. South Island Main Trunk Railway : North End. (56 m. to 104 m. 70 ch.). Clarence Section (56 m. to 76 m. 13 ch.). —The principal formation work on this section during the period has comprised the finalization of the various unfinished portions throughout the section" and extensive excavation on the Blue Slip at 61 m. With the exception of the Blue Slip, the formation work on this section is now complete to the north end of the Clarence Station Yard at 75 m. 50 ch. The Blue Slip, which has presented the major difficulty on this section of construction, is now well in hand. It has been tackled very vigorously with Diesel shovels, and although there is still a lot of work to be carried out in the cutting of open drains in the affected area and in draining the sub-grade it may be reasonably anticipated that the main portion has been stabilized and that it should be completed during the next year. Approximately 132,000 cubic yards of material have been removed from this slip since the reopening of the works. The sub-structure of all the railway bridges has been completed. The girders are on the site and an erection gang is now starting to assemble and place them. Plans for the overbridges are beinnprepared, and this work will shortly be put in hand. Permanent fencing has been completed up to 60 m. 21 ch., and all material for the completion of fencing throughout has been arranged for, and the fencing itself will shortly be completed. Formation of the station-yards is well in hand, and a start has been made with the completion of platelaying. All old 55 lb. material has been lifted and replaced with 70 lb. material. The party have been equipped with pneumatic tools, and it is expected that the railhead will be at the Clarence Station Yard by next November. Reballasting has been carried out over the old section of the line, and the track is completely ballasted to 67 m. 40 ch. The equivalent of 7 m., or 16,000 cubic yards, of ballasting having been placed to date. A large portion of this section is subject to sand-drift, and this has been successfully dealt with by means of extensive marram-grass planting. Kaikoura Section (76 m. 13 ch. to 104 m. 70 ch.).—Excavation : The formation work on the length between the Clarence Station Yard (76 m. 13 ch.) and the Hapuka River at 92 m. 48 ch. is well in hand. Approximately 400,000 cubic yards of railway and road excavation have been shifted since the re-opening of the works, of which 260,000 cubic yards have been excavated in the period under review. A commencement has also been made on formation work south of the Hapuka River. The bulk of the excavation is in difficult country consisting of clay and boulders in talus slopes. This has resulted in very high batters. Much of this work has been done by Diesel shovels, especially where hand-excavation would have been costly, slow, and dangerous. The easier cuttings have been excavated by hand on the co-operative contract system. Between 87 m. 68 ch. and 89 m. 32 ch., owing to the extremely high and unstable batters involved in the original alignment, it has been found advisable to adopt a new route. The new alignment introduces two additional short tunnels, but results in a much safer and slightly cheaper route. Road-deviation work is well advanced, and a start has been made on the placing of rock for heavy-sea protection where the railway formation and road deviations are exposed to erosion by heavy seas. Random rubble walls are in course of erection at the toe of unstable batters. Tunnels : There are six tunnels on the section, totalling 4,664 lineal feet. One tunnel is complete, another will be finished in two months, and a third is half completed, making a total of 1,876 lineal feet of completed tunnel to date. Tunnelling has been carried out on the co-operative contract system, three shifts being worked. Except in bad country, where it has been necessary to explore the ground by means of a heading, the full-face method of working with American timber is in vogue. Mechanical equipment is in use wherever the nature of the ground permits. Mucking-scrapers are used for loading the excavated material into trucks, which are hauled out by Diesel locomotives equipped with exhaust-gas purifiers for use underground. The concrete-gun is in use in the two larger tunnels, and the concrete is blown in place behind steel profiles by compressed air. The steel profiles are carried on travelling gantries, which straddle the muck-trucks and which, if necessary, permit of an 8 ft. 6 in. length of lining being 3-D. 1,

33

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concreted daily. Large shingle and sand bins have been installed at tunnel-portals. The concrete is fed by gravity from the bins to the mixer and thence to the concrete hopper, which is hauled to the concrete-gun in the tunnel by Diesel locomotive. The Clarence River Bridge (76 m. 40 ch.), will consist of twelve 122 ft. steel trusses with two 30 ft. plate-girder shore spans. The foundations consist of reinforced concrete caissons for the river piers and piled abutments. The caissons are 17 ft. by 6 ft. 6 in. in section and are sunk 35 ft. into water bearing river shingle and boulders under compressed air. In spite of the difficult nature of the sinking, it being frequently necessary to blast boulders in the working-chamber, the contractor has made excellent progress and has completed ten of the thirteen river piers. It is expected to have the substructure complete and ready to receive steel by the middle of August. Groyne-protection at bridge-heads will be completed during next year. The Hapuku River Bridge at 92 m. 47 ch. is also a work of considerable magnitude, consisting of twenty-three filled spandrel arch spans of 67 ft. each. The erection of this bridge is one of the keypoints in the time schedule for the completion of this section of line. Plans have been prepared and tenders for erection will be called very shortly. A start has also been made on some of the smaller bridges south of the Clarence, and good progress is being made. Culverts are substantially complete as far as 92 m., and work is well in hand up to 96 m. Portion of the material for laying the permanent line south of Clarence is on the site, but it will be some considerable time before a start can be made with actually laying the rails. It is proposed to establish a ballast-pit at the Hapuku River, and plans are in course of preparation for a large crushing-plant. The plant will be equipped with a 1-cubic-yard slack-line excavator capable of working on a 700 ft. radius, and it is expected to obtain 120,000 cubic yards of ballast by using this plant. Four permanent railway cottages have been erected opposite 86 m. 44 ch. at the Ainseed Station Yard. Approximately four hundred men are employed on the north end, but a considerable amount of plant is also in use to hasten the final date for completion. South Island Main Trunk Railway : South End. (44 m. to 73 m. 40 ch. : length, 29 m. 40 ch.) Work has been continued during the year with substantially the same number of men as last year — namely, 500 to 550. Construction has spread out over the whole of the 29| m. of the section. With the completion of the Hawkswood Cut at 48| m. in October, 1937, the camp was shifted to Puketa, at 73f m., and these men concentrated on the northern end of the section. Recreation halls have been erected at the five largest of the sixteen camps, and are being well used by the men on the works. Good water-supplies have been provided to all camps, and the main road has been sealed through the three camps that lie beside it. In another camp a new road, 3J m. long, has been built to provide good access. The largest open cutting on the job through the Hawkswood Saddle was completed towards the end of October. Work was continued with the one Diesel and two steam drag-lines working the centre of the cutting from the top. This was spread by the 12 cubic yard and 8 cubic yard carry-alls and angledozer with R.D.-8 tractors away from the batter lines. This latter work was spread out over several months and done only while suitable weather for using the machines obtained. In addition to the 53,000 cubic yards excavated in 1931, excavation has been 325,313 cubic yards. With the completion of the work of placing the steel spans on the Leader River Bridge at 44 m. 60 ch. in October, platelaying was started and, although delayed for a time through a batch of inferior sleepers and again for a short time while clearing silt and placing an extra amount of ballast through the Hawkswood Cut, has now reached the Ferniehurst Station Yard at 50 m. 20 ch. Ballast has been placed over the whole length and one lift taken over most of it. Trouble with foundations on piers P and Q and abutment R on the Conway River Bridge at 50 m. 50 ch., which was overcome by driving piles at these points, caused some delay to this bridge. Concrete work is now completed, and placing of the sixteen 45 ft. steel girders is being started now that the railhead has reached the bridge-site. Opportunity was taken during the delay to build the two reinforced deck-slab concrete bridges across the Matagouri Creek at 49 m. 32 ch. and 49 m. 53 ch., the former being two 30 ft. spans with one abutment and the pier on piles, and the latter two 25 ft. spans on piles. The Ferniehurst Station Yard formation was completed during the year by borrowing from the Conway River Flat at 50 m. 30 ch. and beside the yard, using a 12-cubic-yard carry-all and tractor, and with spoil from the access road to the station-yard at 50 m. 9 ch., using a f-cubic-yard Diesel shovel with a tractor and 10-cubic-yard Caterpillar track dump wagon. Work on the 35 ft. span concrete bridge on the approach road is under way. From the Ferniehurst Station Yard to Mick's Creek at 53 m. 40 ch., where the substructure of the concrete bridge of three 45 ft. spans is in hand, cleaning up the old cuttings and the blocks between them left in 1931 has been completed with a shovel and dump wagon. Protection work for the Open Creek Bridge at 54 m. is nearing completion and pile-driving has been completed. From here to the Hundalee Station Yard at 55 m. 55 ch. the earthwork and culverts have been completed. Piles have been driven for the subway at 55 m. 47 ch., where the railway crosses the KaikouraChristchurch State Highway. Continuing along the Conway River, work on the cuttings between 56 m, and 58 m. has been continued and is now being speeded up by machinery.

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From here to 61 m. 40 ch. formation has been completed with the exception of the bridge at 60 m. 67 ch. and No. 1 tunnel at 61 m. This latter, 286 ft. long, is nearing completion after driving a bottom heading and running the enlargement spoil through it to waste in the sea. No. 2 tunnel at 61 m. 27 ch., 165 ft., was completed during the year. This was also worked with the bottom heading. The approach cut to the south end of the Amuri Tunnel at 62 m. 25 ch. was completed. Slips from puggy country on to the railway formation which lies along the bottom of the gully will necessitate a lengthening of the tunnel by 5 ch. with a reinforced section. Work from the northern end was continued by hand methods until a few weeks ago, when a mechanical scraper, steel profiling with concrete gun, and Diesel locomotive were installed. 339 ft. have been lined from this end. From Oaro northwards earthwork is completed to 67 m., and from there to 73J m. the section is heavily manned and earthwork is about 50 per cent, completed. Although culverts and water-drives are almost complete as far as Oaro, there has been little done beyond there, and about twelve large culverts, crossing both road and railway, have yet to be built. Throughout the job pipe culverts are 90 per cent, complete. The controlling time feature of the undertaking is the tunnel-work, and until well on in the year there was not sufficient air-compressing machinery to ensure maximum progress being made. This difficulty has now been overcome, and only shortage of skilled tunnellers would prevent a good showing during the coming year. Tunnelling is in hand at 67 m. 65 ch., where 376 ft. of bottom heading and the southern portal have been completed. A number of tunnels on this end of the line are relatively short, and with a scarcity of compressors and machinery it has been necessary and apparently as economical to drive a bottom heading and work out by hand. The tunnel at 68 m. 35 ch. has been abandoned after striking rubbly slip material, and it is proposed to deviate at this point. The bottom heading, 390 ft. long, has been driven through the tunnel at 72 m. 40 ch. to 72 m. 46 ch., and at 72 m. 50 ch. the tunnel portal has been erected and excavation is proceeding with a mechanical scraper. A central concrete-mixing plant for the three tunnels —72 m. 30 ch., 72 m. 40 ch.., and 72 m. 50 ch. —has been erected at 72 m. 35 ch. Protection of the road from the sea where it has to be deviated outside the railway between 66 m. and 72| m. is proving a slow process, as the only point of rock suitable for providing durable stone of up to 6 tons in weight is at Goose Bay and runs beside the main highway, which must be kept open, and only small quantities can be quarried at a time and cleared up before any more stone can be brought down. Approximately 10,500 cubic yards of this sized stone have been placed at 66 m. 30 ch. and 69 m. 35 ch. For heavier protection at the toe it will be necessary to resort to concrete blocks. Permanent fencing has been repaired and completed from Parnassus at 44 m. to Ferniehurst Station Yard at 50 m. 50 ch. On the left, fm. has been erected between 60 m. 40 ch. and 61 m. 40 ch., but northwards of this point only about f m. has been done in short lengths where conditions have been suitable for permanent work. The temporary telephone-line, with poles where possible in permanent positions, was completed to give telephonic communication with Puketa at 73| m. The old permanent line is being overhauled and shifted where necessary and this work is completed to 55 m. Westport-Inangahua Railway. Cascade Section (sm. 70 ch. to 8 m. 78 ch. ; length, 3 m. 8 ch). —This section has been maintained ; during the year the track was lifted and packed over the full length of the section. A daily return service was run by the public-works train between Westport and Cascade Creek (9 m.) for the purpose of transporting workmen from Westport to the Cascade Creek Bridge. The Department continued to handle the coal traffic from the Cascade-Westport Coal Co.'s bins at Cascade Creek to Westport. In addition, large shipments of permanent-way materials were hauled from the Westport Wharf to stacking-places between Westport and Te Kuha. Materials for construction of Cascade Bridge were hauled to the site over the Cascade Section. Cascade - Inangahua Junction Section (8 m. 78 ch. to 22 m. 62 ch. (Westport chainage), and 62 m. to 58 m. 30 ch. (Stillwater chainage) ; length, 18 m. 34 ch.). —The average number of men employed throughout the year was 330, with a maximum of 350 ; at the present time 300 men are employed. The erection of accommodation was continued, particular attention being paid to the construction of quarters for married men and their families. A new camp for single men was commenced on the formation near the 20 m. peg in anticipation of work being pushed on in this vicinity. At Tiroroa and Inangahua Junction Camps electric-lighting sets have been installed. A large Y.M.C.A. has been built at Inangahua Junction. This hut contains a social hall, billiardroom equipped with two tables, supper-room, post-office, library, and provision for " talkie " pictures. Except for a distance of 4 m. between the 20 m. and 61 m. 70 ch. pegs, formation work has been well advanced. At 20 m. a large filling is now being constructed with a Diesel shovel tendered by Diesel locomotive and tip-trucks. Because of the inaccessibility of the balance of this 4 m. length and its suitability for the operation of heavy excavating machinery, its formation will be carried out by power-shovels and large carry-all scrapers and bull-dozing equipment. A carry-all and a tractor and bull-dozer are already on the ground, and a large tractor is due to arrive shortly. Several sections of the completed formation have been metalled to permit the running of motorlorries from the cable-ways to various parts of the works, 3*

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Four shingle washing and screening plants have been installed at suitable points along the formation to supply aggregates for concrete work. Since construction in concrete is such an important feature of the railway, the latest equipment has been obtained for its manufacture and placing. Electric, pneumatic, and petrol-driven vibrators are employed to make strong and durable concrete. The use of vibrators and the frequent tests made of concrete and aggregates have resulted in a high-quality product concurrently with a reduction in the quantity of cement that could not have been obtained otherwise. The major remaining works to be constructed comprise 12 bridges, 170 culverts, and 2 comparatively short tunnels. A number of the bridges will be of reinforced concrete, a new departure for railway bridges. The chief operations in progress are as follows : — Cascade Creek Bridge (8 m. 79 ch. to 9m. 6 ch.) : Erection of the five 80 ft. steel-plate girder spans and the 40 ft. span comprising the superstructure is complete. The bridge is of special design because of the sharp curvature of the railway here. Before erection it was necessary to thoroughly sand-blast and paint the steelwork. Redmond Creek Bridge (11 m. 39 ch. to 11 m. 43 ch.) : This is a reinforced-concrete bridge consisting of three 40 ft. girder spans and an 85 ft. arch span with a rise of 48 ft. Abutments, piers, and footings and two girder spans are complete, and falsework has been built for the arch and remaining girder span. Tunnel at 13 m. 25-8 ch. to 13 m. 28-2 ch. (2-4 ch. long) : If ch. of the bottom heading of this tunnel has been excavated. Tunnel at 13 m. 41 ch. to 13 m. 54 ch. (13 ch. long) : The bottom heading and 10f ch. of the full excavation are finished, and the tunnel has been lined with concrete for a length of 5! ch. Stable Creek Bridge (15 m. 47-5 ch. to 15 m. 54 ch.) : The bridge is of reinforced-concrete design, comprising ten 40 ft. and one 20 ft. girder spans, with a maximum height of 60 ft. above foundations. One pier has been completed, and two more are under way. This bridge consists of six 100 ft., one 45 ft., and one 30 ft. steel-plate girder spans with concrete abutments and five reinforced-concrete cylinder piers. Buller River Bridge (60 m. 16 ch. to 60 m. 27 ch.) : Construction of the piers has proceeded during the year. Three piers have been completed, two of them in the river-channel, where the greatest danger from floods was anticipated. The cylinders for two other piers have been sunk to rock bottom, and the cylinders for the two remaining piers will be completed shortly. The first steel-girder span has been delivered at the bridge site from the Hillside Railway Workshops. Inangahua River Bridge (57 m. 17 ch. to 57 m. 26 ch.) : The nine 60 ft. steel-plate girder spans have arrived from the Hutt Railway Workshops. The spans are being riveted-up near the Buller Bridge, where a steel-yard with suitable equipment has been established. After riveting each span, weighing 24 tons, it is loaded on to a motor-lorry and trailer and transported along the completed formation to the bridge-site, where it is hoisted into its final position by means of gantries. The first two spans have been completed and placed on the piers. Culverts and Water-drives : One 12 ft. by 12 ft., one 9 ft. by 9 ft., one 7 ft. by 7 ft., and eight 3 ft. pipe culverts, and one water-drive are complete ; three culverts and two water-drives are in progress. Work on bridges and culverts has been hampered to some extent through lack of skilled tradesmen, but this difficulty has been overcome, and construction is proceeding more rapidly than in the earlier stages.

IRRIGATION. CENTRAL OTAGO. Operation and Maintenance op Irrigation Schemes. During the year a new area of 3,000 acres, known as the Dunstan Scheme, was brought into operation. This scheme will be operated as portion of the Omakau Scheme and the water supplied on the day-head basis on demand. The total area of schemes operating on the acreage basis under irrigation agreements is 44,165 acres, and the area actually irrigated was 42.264 acres, the balance, 1,901 acres, being the area to which water was refused on account of non-payment of rates. The area irrigated represents an increase of 2,935 acres over that of the previous season. In addition, the Omakau Scheme, which commands 13,400 acres over which water is supplied on the demand basis, provided irrigation water to 7,000 acres, or an increase of 1,700 acres over the previous season. The sales of water represented 10,380 acre-feet. The season was a very dry one, and the sales of water were the highest yet recorded. The total area commanded by all of the Otago schemes is now 63,000 acres.

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The completed schemes in operation are shown in the following table, the second column showing the area that should have been irrigated had all the rates been forthcoming : —

The financial result of the year's working operations is as follows : Revenue, £27,190 ; workingexpenses, £27,054 ; profit on working, £136. Included in the working-expenses is the sum of £6,725 for replacement of pipe-line on the Teviot Scheme. The total amount of rates collected during the year was £24,100, being an increase over the preceding year of £4,418. The cases of forty-eight irrigators who owed arrears of rates were heard either by the Interdepartmental Committee set up for the purpose or by the Mortgage Adjustment Commission, and settlement reached. Schemes under Construction. Earnscleugh Scheme : Fraser River Dam.—This dam, a concrete arch of 175 ft. radius and 102 ft. in height, was completed in the spring of 1937 and put into commission during the irrigation season. This work involved the placing of 12,560 cubic yards of concrete, and the excavations for foundation required the removal of 8,980 cubic yards of rock. The value of this dam was amply demonstrated during the past dry season, as a steady flow of 35 cusecs to 45 cusecs was maintained, whereas the stream-flow had fallen below 12 cusecs for a period of two months. Remote control-valve gear is being installed shortly to obviate frequent visits of the racemen to regulate the supply. Mcmuherekia Scheme: Manuherekia Tunnel.—This tunnel, which is designed to eliminate a very troublesome section of main race, is 78 chains long, and the driving is now completed. The concrete lining is completed for a length of 1,700 ft., and a farther 2,600 ft. is lined on walls and invert, 820 ft. is through solid country and does not require lining, and has been enlarged and trimmed. The dismantling of existing flumes, superseded by the tunnel, and the erection of a new flume at the tunnel-outlet, is the only remaining work to be done. Dunstan Creek Scheme. —This scheme, which commands 3,000 acres above the Omakau Main Race, has been completed. The work consists of 7 J miles of main race, 6 miles of distributaries, and the laying of 3,000 ft. of concrete pipe-lines ranging from 9 in. to 24 in. in diameter. Other works at the intake consist of the intake weir, protective works, silt trap, and 20 chains of concrete-lined race. Ida Valley Scheme: Extension at German Hill and Hope Greek Diversion. —Work was authorized on a 1,500 acre extension of the above scheme at German Hill. The permanent survey is completed, and the work is to be put in hand. The water-supply is to be obtained by diverting the flow of Hopes Creek into the existing Ida Valley race system. General.—The usual work of stream-gauging, collection of meteorological data, and lake-level recording were carried out during the year, and several minor investigations of potential irrigation areas were made. CANTERBURY. Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation Schemes. Redcliffs Scheme.—This scheme, comprising 4,603 acres, has now been in operation for two years, and approximately 2,300 acres were irrigated last season. The winter and spring were very dry, and there was a good demand for water up to the middle of December, when exceptionally wet weather set in and persisted throughout the remainder of the season, and consequently the demand for irrigation water ceased. Levels Irrigation Scheme.—The only remaining work, the No. 7 lateral, 3 miles 34 chains long, was completed during the year.

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Scheme Area Actually Area that should have Number of irrigated. been irrigated. irrigators. Arrow River .. .. .. 2,618 2,936 45 Ardgour .. .. .. 1,364 1,364 12 Bengerburn . . . . . . 114 144 13 Earnsclcugli .. .. .. 2,191 2,247 49 Galloway .. .. .. 2,636 2,642 21 Hawkdun .. .. .. 7,844 8,818 64 Idaburn . . . . . . 540 565 7 Ida Valley .. .. .. 11,709 11,729 59 Last Chance .. .. .. 2,313 2,313 31 Manuherekia .. .. .. 4,921 4,941 73 Tarras .. .. .. 2,574 2,675 17 Teviot .. .. .. 3,440 3,791 49 42,264 44,165 440 Omakau and Dunstan .. .. 7,000 .. 59 Totals .. .. 49,264 .. 499

D.—l.

The scheme was ready for operation during the season, and during the dry weather experienced at the early portion of the season a brisk demand for irrigation water set in which severely taxed the resources of the Department to assist in preparing the land for water. Like the Redcliffs Scheme, this demand ceased on the advent of the wet weather experienced during the latter portion of the season. The land watered represented 8 per cent, of the total area commanded, which is considered a good start for a new scheme. Twelve thousand eight hundred acres are commanded by this scheme. The completed schemes in operation are shown in the following table, the second column showing the area commanded by the scheme :—

The financial result of the year's working operations is as follows : Revenue, £266 ; workingexpenses, £771. The low revenue was due to the short irrigation season and the low rates charged during the initiation of these schemes. Schemes under Construction. Asliburton-Lyndhurst Scheme. —During the year the net area commanded by this scheme was increased from 25,500 acres to 34,000 acres. The total length of race-construction completed to date is 44 miles, involving 222,000 cubic yards of excavation, which represents 65-2 per cent, of the total. The following structures were completed during the year : — Drops, stone-pitched and reinforced-concrete .. .. .. 117 Bridges, reinforced-concrete .. .. .. .. .. 24 Bridges and drops combined, reinforced-concrete .. .. .. 23 Syphons, reinforced-concrete, and pipe .. .. .. .. 48 Special structures, reinforced-concrete .. .. .. .. .. 7 Turnouts, reinforced-concrete .. .. .. .. .. 63 Fence crossings, timber .. .. .. .. .. 82 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 364 The total completed structures to date is 470, or about 30 per cent, of the total required. New types of earth-moving machinery were introduced which have greatly accelerated the excavation work; the principal items being a tractor-operated bull-dozer, grader, and tamper, and a Ruth dredger, which is a Diesel-driven transverse chain-bucket digger. A small Diesel-driven shovel also accelerated the excavation for structures, and a mechanical vibrator screen enabled better concrete aggregates to be procured. A demonstration area of 36 acres was levelled and sown in pasture in the autumn of 1937. This area has been regularly irrigated, and during last season carried approximately ten ewes and their lambs per acre. Rangitata Diversion Race. —During the year it was decided to make the capacity of this race 900 cusecs throughout the whole length and to extend it to the bank of the Rakaia River so as to utilize the winter flow of the race for the generation of electricity. A fall of 320 ft. is available at this point, enabling a maximum of 30,000 h.p. to be generated. The race will thus serve the dual purpose of irrigation in summer and generation of electricity in winter. The total length of the race is now 41 miles, requiring approximately 2,900,000 cubic yards of excavation. The progress to date is the completion of 370,000 cubic yards of excavation, the race being completed, or partly completed, over a length of 14 miles. One heavy-traffic bridge has been completed over the race, and plans are nearing completion for the erection of a number of large structures, syphons, drops, and regulating-gates, which will be commenced shortly. Modern machinery has been employed, including tractor-operated angle-dozers, scoops, rooters, and elevating-grader. Diesel shovels and drag-lines are also in use. The race is scheduled for completion by the spring of 1940. \ Mayfield-Hinds Irrigation Scheme.—During the year work was authorized on the Mayfield-Hinds Irrigation Scheme. This scheme embraces an area of approximately 110,000 acres lying between the Rangitata and Hinds Rivers, and the water-supply is designed to irrigate half this total area. The water will be taken from the Rangitata River and the main race will have a capacity of 450 cusecs.

38

c i Area actually Area for which water Number of Scheme. . . , , - . M , T • j. irrigated. is available. Irrigators. Acres. Acres. Redcliffs .. .. .. .. 2,000 4,603 13 Levels .. .. .. .. .. 1,100 12,800 31 3,100 17,403 44

D.—l.

The work will oonsist of about 230 miles of races, involving 900,000 cubic yards of excavation, and there will be approximately 2,000 concrete structures for regulating the -flow of water and passing traffic over the races. The work was commenced in January, and up to date the work has been confined to the establishment of construction buildings and camp accommodation. A camp headquarters is completed, and the following buildings have also been erected : Office, store, garage, carpenter's shop, fitting-shop, cement-shed, and forty-four married men's and ten single men's accommodation. Machinery and material are coming to hand, and sixty men are now employed. This number will be increased to 145. Downs Water-supply. —During the year legal and financial arrangements were finalized enabling portions of Levels, Waimate, Mackenzie, and Geraldine Counties to be brought within the scope of the Downs Water-supply Scheme, which will command 153,000 acres requiring 800 miles of pipe-lines to be laid to serve every property within the area with a domestic and stock water-supply. Work was authorized in March last, and the erection of construction buildings and camp accommodation is well in hand. Camps have been established at Pleasant Point, and at the intake at the Tangawai River, where exploration work for the intake is in hand. The survey of pipe-lines is in progress, and 41 miles of main line and sub-main lines have been laid out, and a contract has been prepared for the first 16 miles of main pipe-line. Forty-seven men are employed at present, and construction plant is expected to arrive shortly. Work is expected to take three years to complete. Canterbury Irrigation Investigations. Topographical Survey.—Owing to the shortage of staff it was not possible to extend this work during the current year. Stream-gaugings.—Continuous records were obtained from all installed stations during the year. Gauge-houses were erected and instruments installed at the following points Hurunui River near Tormore. North Ashburton River Gorge (including regulating weir). An instrument-house was partly completed on the Ashley River near the Gorge. Observations of the depth of ground-water were recorded regularly, and observations continued in ri,gard to rainfall penetration. Soil Moisture and Rainfall. —Observations of soil moisture and rainfall have been continued as follows : Ashburton County at fifteen stations, Levels County at four stations, Redcliffs Irrigation Scheme at eight stations. Evaporation. —Records of evaporation, wind, humidity, and temperature were continued at the following stations with the following results : —

Rainfall Run-off. —The six long-period automatic rain-gauges installed in the North Ashburton River Catchment at elevations up to 6,000 ft. gave good records in all cases. Sugar-beet Trials.—These trials were continued in collaboration with officers of the Department of Agriculture, and a report will be prepared by that Department. Marlborough Irrigation Investigations. Trial lines were run for a distance of 10 miles on the Wairau Plain from the confluence of the Waihopi and Wairau Rivers towards Taylor Stream, near the Blenheim Aerodrome. Shafts were sunk in the shingle near the mouth of the Waihopi River to determine the suitability of this site for a percolation tunnel. A stream-gauging station was completed on the Wairau River near Ferry Bridge, and a recorder was installed. Observations were continued at thirteen soil-moisture and rainfall stations, and evaporation and wind observations were continued at Blenheim. HYDRO-ELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT. Arapuni Scheme. Work on the excavation of the tail-race was completed early in the year, and after tests the water was allowed to rise, the pumps withdrawn, and the needle dam demolished.

39

Station. E 30th June. to | Wind Mileage. Period. Temuka .. .. .. .. 27-82 7364 1/7/37 to 30/6/38. Blenheim .. .. .. ■■ 47-90 14474 „ Baling .. .. .. ■. 28-53 13877 „ Methven .. .. .. •• 43-80 31905 ,, Pendarves . . . . .. .. 33-88 12865 „ Kirwee .. .. .. 40-76 32788 „

t>.—i.

In the power-house building the remaining roof trusses and purlins were erected, and concreting of the superstructure was completed in August. The remaining concrete for the two new machines was placed early in the year. A further 123 ft. of 7 ft. by 4 ft. heading was driven and concreted for the pitometer galleries, which are now complete. At the south end of the building the retaining-wall was completed and back-filled and the concrete structures cast for the water rheostat and oil-storage tanks, which were then erected. Construction of the life and cable shaft was completed and part of the steelwork erected, and protective fencing was built along the top of the cliff above the power-house. A new office was built in concrete for the Station Superintendent, and this and other rooms were lined in sound-proofing material suitably tinted. Cement-washing and painting of concrete surfaces and steelwork was continued during the year, the floors only remaining to be treated. Glazing was put in hand and completed throughout the power-house and outdoor station, and drainage and plumbing was completed. At the outdoor station the construction of the repair-room extension was completed, together with cable trenches and footpaths. Stubs were built for the transmission-line towers between the powerhouse and the outdoor station, and Nos. 7 and 8 towers were erected. Erection of structural steel and switchgear at the outdoor station was completed and protective fencing- erected. Cement washing and painting of concrete surfaces and steelwork was put in hand and completed, and the grounds of the extensions were sown in grass. Erection of Nos. 7 and 8 generators and associated equipment was completed, the machines going into service on 24th August, 1937, and 7th February, 1938, respectively. Near the power-house construction was commenced of a blacksmith's shop in concrete, and above the lift-shaft a concrete stairway was built to give access to the steps leading to the outdoor station. Towards the end of the year the defective roofing of the existing building was removed and the whole roof then waterproofed with Neuchatel asphalt. The roads adjacent to the power-house and the outdoor station were regraded during the year and tar-sealed. Excavation during the year amounted to 2,700 cubic yards, a total of 67,310 cubic yards to date. Concrete placings amounted to 1,491 cubic yards, a total of 19,889 cubic yards to date. Drains laid amounted to 1,970 lineal feet for the year, a total to date of 4,053 lineal feet. The pumping-equipment, cableway, concreting-plant, tram-lines, and feeders were dismantled during the year, and plant reconditioned and laid up. Towards the end of the year measures were taken to lower the tail-race water-level by removing sand and rock at the junctions of the tail-race and overflow channel, and some relief was obtained. Maintenance of the inspection drives was put in hand at the end of the year, and 25 per cent, of the work was completed. Waikaremoana Power Scheme. No. 3 Penstock.—A camp was established in August, 1937, and preparatory work was put in hand immediately. This necessitated the opening of a quarry, the installation of al6 in. by 10 in. crusher, aud conveyor-fed bins to hold 80 cubic yards of metal. A mixing-plant, complete with bins, was built at the foot of the incline, and a J-cubic-yard mixer installed. The inside tramway was put in order at relays and the necessary power-lines installed. The construction of the concrete pedestals was commenced in November, 1737, and completed in April, 1938, some 146 pedestals being constructed at depths varying from a minimum of 5 ft. to a maximum of 16 ft. Simultaneously work was put in hand on the three anchor blocks, and at the end of the period No. 2 was completed, but Nos. 1 and 3 had the foundations only poured, the pipes not being placed. Meanwhile Hume Steel, Ltd., began to erect their workshop complete with milling, crimping, rolling, and welding machines, and a sand-blasting annexe. For housing their men, a barracks, cookhouse, and several married quarters were erected. The pipe-line, which is 3,580 ft. long, consists of pipes varying in diameter from 66 in. to 78 in., and in thickness from in. to f in., and extending from elevation 904 ft. to elevation 1,550 ft. Fabrication of pipes was commenced in February, and by the end of the period the position was as follows :— Completed in yards : 20 lengths of 24 ft. pipes. On site at pipe-line : 18 lengths of 24 ft. pipes. Welded on site : 32 lengths of 24 ft. pipes. After pipes are welded in place by the contractor, the Department immediately sand-blasts and applies the first coat of the interior painting. This work is kept in step with the placing of the pipes, and to date thirty-one pipes have been sand-blasted and the first coat applied. In the power-house preparatory work has been put in hand for the installation of No. 3 unit ; a temporary wooden floor was removed, original foundations cleaned off, and a concreting layout put in hand. Waikaremoana Lower Development. The survey for this scheme was commenced in July, 1937, and three boring-machines were used on testing foundations over various parts of the proposed work. As a result of the borings various schemes were tried, and the present layout finally adopted. The water from the existing scheme, augmented by the flow of the Waikaretaheke River, formed a lake some 80 acres in extent at the 900 ft. level on the flat just below Tuai Village. Water-level regulation for this lake will be provided by automatic gates in the crest of the dam over the existing Kahutangaroa Culvert. From an arm of this lake the water is conveyed through a 16-ft.-diameter

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circular concrete-lined tunnel to the surge chamber, 9,600 ft. away, and from here twin 7-ft.-diameter steel penstocks carry the watffr to the power-house down a head of 360 ft. to the two vertical turbines, which drive 20,000 kVA. generators. Work on this scheme was authorized in March, and permission to enter on the land was given in May, when work was commenced on clearing for a camp-site and forming of service roads. A temporary road about 41 ch. long was graded and metalled to the first camp, and from there on 20 ch. of permanent road-line was completed and metalled, and the necessary culverts installed. The building of accommodation was put in hand immediately and foundations for twenty-five married quarters placed. The houses are being supplied in sections from Napier, and three were erected. A temporary cookhouse was built, and ten tents, housing twenty men, were erected. An office, bathhouse, and various service buildings were completed. At the end of June the total number of employees, including staff, was 94, some of these being employed on No. 3 pipe-line. Continuous wet weather and the condition of the roads leading to Tuai have held up the work considerably, and it will take till Christmas at least to complete the service roads. Kaimata Dam. This dam, which formed part of the Grey Electric-power Board's power-supply scheme was taken over from that body on 23rd August, 1937, by the Public Works Department to form part of the Westland power-development scheme. At the time of taking over by the Department work was in progress in connection with increasing the capacity by the erection of a series of automatic weirs and repairs to the apron. This work was in progress by the Department when it was discovered that the apron had collapsed under the hammering of the water, and the complete renewal of same was necessary. The new apron now being constructed is designed to give greater resistance than the former to the fall of water, and this, combined with additions to the face of the dam, is calculated to break up the fall of water and prevent the continual hammering on the apron. The construction of this new apron is now completed over the two bays farthest from the intake, a distance of approximately 98 ft. A coffer dam has been completed for the remaining three bays. This coffer dam is divided into two portions in order to provide better access to erosions and scour underneath. These erosions and scours are being repaired as the work proceeds, and any weak portions found are being made good. Work has been recommenced on the weir-gates on the crest of the dam. This work had been suspended to allow of the urgent replacing of the apron and repairs. A considerable amount of excavation has been carried out beyond the apron in order to give a good discharge for spill-water. The work has required extensive use of plant, including pumping-gear, Sauermann excavator, petrol-loco., and winches, and the urgent nature of the repairs necessitated the working of shifts. Lake Coleridge Scheme. Harper Diversion Gates. —The construction of new gates to replace those damaged by waterborne boulders and shingle was completed during the period. The new structure has been erected in a slightly different position from the old one in order to eliminate, if possible, a repetition of the trouble. A light suspension bridge has also been erected over the Harper River, adjacent to the gate structure, to provide access to the groynes on the opposite bank of the river during floods. The suspension bridge across the diversion race at the gauging-station has been repaired, and the road bridge giving access to the outlet structure on the lake has been strengthened with additional piles and cutwater piers. CONSTRUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF ROADS AND BRIDGES. Whangarei District. Kerikeri Inlet Road (Bay of Islands County). —This road, where construction was in hand during the last period, has been taken further, some 54 ch. of additional formation 14 ft. wide having been completed and 70 ch. of base-course metal placed 8 ft. wide. Two bridges, one of reinforced concrete 90 ft. long and the other a2O ft. span in timber, have been erected. This new road gives vehicular access to a number of settlers on the southern shore of the Kerikeri Inlet who previously had only water access. Motatau to Kaihou Road (Bay of Islands County).—This road gives access to a large area of Native country where development has been retarded considerably largely on account of the wet nature of the old road. During the period reconstruction and metalling was commenced over the lower length of 1 m., and although it has been necessary to suspend operations until next summer it is clearly apparent from the work which has been done that there will be much improvement showing this winter.

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Opua to Black Bridge Road (Bay of Islands County).—With, a view to giving improved access to the port of Opua, this road has been reconstructed, widened, and metalled in continuation of the programme commenced during the last period. An additional length of 4m. 43 ch. has been so improved. Punakitere Valley Road (Bay of Islands County). —This road gives access to a large area of only partly developed country, and during the period under review the formation and metalling programme commenced in previous years has been finalized. This consisted for the past year of 30 ch. of formation 16 ft. wide and 8 m. of metalling 9 ft. wide. Tutaematai to Rawhiti Road (Bay of Islands County).—The work in hand on this road is new construction adopting a 14-ft.-wide standard.and will give access to Native and European lands lying between Parekura Bay and Whangaruru Harbour below the Cape Brett Peninsula. Construction is being commenced at each end, and at the time of preparing this report 90 ch. of formation and culverting with 70 ch. of metalling had been completed. Work is being opened up over a further length of 2 m., the total distance to be constructed being 7 m. Aratapu to Redhill Road (Hobson County).—Formation work on this road has not yet been properly completed, and with a view to improving the access to some eighteen settlers, and also giving a circuit route for cream-collection, a start was made during the period with improvements to the old formation. A distance of 2 m. 33 ch. was completed out of a total of 7 m. 56 ch. in need of attention. Redhill to Bassetts Road (Hobson County).—This is a continuation of the road previously mentioned, and during the year metalling was commenced to give all-weather access to eight settlers, some of whom have taken up properties in Bassett's Small Farm Block. During the year Im. 55 ch. was completed. Kaihu to Kai-Iwi (Monteiths) Road (Hobson County).—The total length of this road is 4 m. 10 ch., and up till this year three settlers, who are dairying on their properties, have had no better access than a clay track. A large area of Crown land is also served, and during the period widening to 15 ft., prior to metalling, was commenced. Under a programme of backblock roads improvement 60 ch. of widening work was completed. Katui to Marlborough Road (Hobson County).—Culverting and metalling over a distance of 60 ch. was completed to provide all-weather access to a Crown settler in the Marlborough Settlement. Mansbridge's Block Road (Hokianga County). —This road, which gives access to a small farms settlement, had previously been formed and metalled, but was of a comparatively poor standard. During the year 77 ch. was reformed and properly culverted and 55 ch. metalled, while one timber bridge 45 ft. long is partly completed. Pawarenga Road (Hokianga County).—This road, giving access to a Native settlement in the vicinity of Pawarenga, was severely damaged during the cyclonic storm of February, 1936. Reconditioning of the formation, together with metalling, was necessary to bring the road back into proper repair, and the whole length of 5 m. 40 ch. was completed during the period under review. Waima Valley Road (Hokianga County).—Three European settlers and a large Native settlement, with adjacent lands, depend on this road for access. The work commenced during previous years was carried on. An additional Im. 12 ch. of formation and Im. 15 ch. of metalling have been completed during the period. Awanui to Mangonui Road (Mangonui County).—During the year reconstruction work has been continued on this important road, which connects two northern townships and is the main access to a large area of good agricultural country. Reformation and culverting over a distance of 2m. 35 ch. and metalling of 3m. 40 ch. was completed during the period under review. With the exception of the major bridges the improvement work is practically completed to the 18 m. peg, approximately 1 m. from the Mangonui township and port. Church Road (Mangonui County).—This route is one of the settlement roads branching off from the Awanui to Mangonui Road and gives a connection through to the Township of Kaitaia. During the year a distance of 2 m. 45 ch. was metalled, and as the road passes through good farming land the work which has been completed will give a large measure of relief to many settlers during the winter months. Epikauri Road (Mangonui County).—This road forms an important connecting link to the Kaitaia-Motukaraka Main Highway near Herekino. It serves one European settler and a considerable area of Native land under occupation and in course of successful and rapid development. With a view to improved access conditions, which were previously not of the best as a result of the low-lying nature of the formation, the road has been raised, culverted, and metalled over a distance of 70 ch. Fisher's Road (Mangonui County).—This is a settlement road, and during the year widening and metalling over a distance of 80 ch. was carried out to give all-weather access to two additional settlers. Fryers Road (Mangonui County).—A further length of 1 m. 20 ch. of this road was widened and metalled to give satisfactory and regular access to three settlers. Lake Ohia to Merita Bay Road (Mangonui County). —Considerable work is being carried out on this road, which is mainly in the interests of a Native development and consolidation scheme. During the period under review a length of 6 m. 66 ch. was formed and culverted. Paraparaio Taumata Road (Mangonui County).—This road runs through a tract of comparatively good country embracing both European and Native farming areas. During the year a distance of 2 m. 10 ch. was metalled, and this completes the road as an all-weather route. Riley's Road (Mangonui County).—This again is a road giving access to new country under active development, and 1 m. of metalling completed during the year will assist greatly in giving better access to three settlers already on the block. Ruaroa Road (Mangonui County). —In view of the fact that this road is a convenient through route from the Takahue Valley to Kaitaia and also gives access to nine settlers, it was necessary to consider undertaking improvements during the year. As a result of a grant made in the estimates 2 m. was formed, culverted, and metalled.

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Taipa Block Access Road (Mangonui County).—Two settlers on Crown sections made representations during the year concerning the poor condition of this road, and as a result it was decided that metalling should be undertaken to improve the position as much as possible. During the year the whole length of 80 ch. was reformed, culverted, and metalled. Takahue to Herekino Road (Mangonui County). —Work commenced in previous years was continued during the period under review, and the remaining section of 40 ch. was metalled. Attention was given, where necessary, to other parts of the road. Te Rore Road (Mangonui County). —This route serves as access for twenty-five settlers, and Im. 70 ch. of reformation and metalling was completed during the year. This will be a great improvement as well as a means of through connection-from the Takahue Valley to the Victoria Valley. Wainui to Lake Tangonge Road (Mangonui County). —60 ch. of this road has been formed and metalled to give access to two settlers. Waipapakauri to Tangoake (Far North) Road (Mangonui County). —This is the main road on the far North Peninsula. The programme commenced in previous years was continued during the period under review, and 13 m. 60 ch. was trimmed and culverted, 3 m. 20 ch. was formed and culverted, and 16 m. 40 ch. was metalled. Although this northern peninsula is sparsely populated just at present, there are reasonable prospects of development, particularly in respect of Native lands, which are being brought under proper cultivation by means of development and consolidation schemes. Beatson's Access Road (Otamatea Comity).—Three dairy-farmers on this road were previously without regular and satisfactory access, but as a result of metalling improvements carried out over 1 m. 40 ch. their position has been greatly improved. Franklin Road (Otamatea County). —This is a loop road serving seven settlers, all of whom are dairying. During the year 2m. 54 ch. of formation was widened and Im. 72 ch. of metal surfacing was carried out. When the programme is completed the new road will be in much better condition to serve its purpose as a circuit route for cream-collection and as access to the interested settlers. Jeff-Rylands Road (Otamatea County). —This route junctions at each end with two other metalled roads to form part of a through connection. In its previous condition it had a poor-quality limestone surface on narrow formation, but as a result of improvements carried out during the year the position has been bettered very considerably. These comprise widening and culverting formation 4m. 12 ch., widening and improving existing surfacing 2 m. 12 ch., and top-course metalling 2 m. 12 ch. Kaiwaka to Oneriri Road (Otamatea County).—The last section of this road, which serves about twenty-five settlers, was surfaced with limestone last year. The first length of 12 m. 20 ch. was in narrow formation along rather bad alignment, and proposals were prepared covering widening and top-course metalling-work. During the year considerable progress was made with the actual improvement work, 3 m. of widening and top-course metalling having been completed. Mangawai Gorge Road (Otamatea County).—Work has been continued on this road during the year, and when the programme has been completed it will confer greatly improved travelling conditions on a very popular tourist road. Some part of the road lies within Whangarei County, and the completed work for the period under review comprises 1 in. 13 ch. of widening and culverting, 7 m. 8 ch. of improvements to base metal, and 8 m. of top-course metalling. Russell's Road (Ruawai), (Otamatea County). —This is another cross-connection between two comparatively important settlement roads in the lower part of the county. The formation was originally of narrow width with soft limestone surfacing, and during the year the whole length of 1 m. 21 ch. has been widened and top-coursed with good-quality crushed metal. Taipuha to Mangaturoto Road (Otamatea County).—Each resident settler on this road has metalled access, but an unmetalled length of 3 m. 25 ch. is of importance as a potential through connection, and although no work has yet been done proposals have been prepared covering the general improvement and metalling of the remaining clay section. Brynderwyn to Waipu Road (Whangarei County).—Work in connection with the construction of a major deviation of the highway in the vicinity of the Waipu Gorge has been pushed ahead vigorously during the year. The primary objects of the programme are the eventual shortening of the highway route between Whangarei and Auckland and the elimination of the present tortuous highway through the Waipu Gorge. These improvements will be very noticeable. During the year formation, with culverting, to highway standard was completed over a distance of 3m. 29 ch., and base-course metal has been laid over the greater part of this length. Tangihua and Codlins Road (Whangarei County).—Further progress was made during the year with the work previously commenced on these roads, a length of 1 m. 60 ch. having been metalled during the period under review. Whareora to Pataua Road (Whangarei County).—Widening of the formation on this road to 16 ft. over a distance of 2 m. 70 ch. and corresponding improvements in the existing metalled surface were completed during the year. The road was previously narrow and dangerous, but as a result of the work which has been done a large number of settlers are now provided with good all-weather access. Matawherohia Road (Whangaroa County). —Reformation work on this road to a minimum width of 16 ft. has been completed for Im. 62 ch. Metalling over a previously formed section of 65 ch. and over new formation of 58 ch. has been carried out, but operations are now suspended on account of wet weather. The road will give all-weather access to a number of settlers who have previously contended with the difficulties consequent on using a clay road in connection with farming activities.

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Omaunu Block Road (Whangaroa County).—Work in the nature of widening, attending to dangerous corners, culverting, improvement of visibility, and widening of the metalled surface was commenced during the year. A length of Bm. 48 ch. is involved, and so much as has been completed during the period will be of great assistance to the settlers over the winter months and also will raise considerably the safety margin in connection with the school-bus service. Auckland District. Coromandel to Kennedy Bay Road (Coromandel County). —With a view to improving the road access to Kennedy Bay and surrounding district an engineering survey has been made of a proposed new road on the eastern side of the Tokatea Saddle. However, although a large item was provided in the estimates to cover the cost of construction work, it was not possible to get this in hand on account of difficulties encountered in connection with legalization. Hot Water Beach Road (Coromandel County). —During the period under review work was commenced on the reformation and metalling of this settlement road in the south-eastern corner of the county. A distance of 3m. was reformed and graded in preparation for metalling. Kaimarama Settlement Road (Coromandel County). —The County Council surfaced 50 ch. of this road to give all-weather access to one settler. Mercury Bay to Hahei Road (Coromandel County). —The improvements commenced during the last period were carried on during the year. The remaining section of 50 ch. has been metalled and one concrete ford installed. As a result a number of settlers who are dairying in this district now have regular and more satisfactory access. Otakaeo Road (Coromandel County).—The County Council has formed 61 ch. of this road to give vehicular access to two settlers who previously had no form of road access whatever. Port Charles to Sandy Bay and Careys Roads (Coromandel County). —A camp has been established in the Port Charles area to carry out the construction and metalling of a new road between Port Charles and Sandy Bay. During the period under review practically 2m. of new road was formed in difficult country and a start was made with the lesser work on Careys Road. Rangihau Road (Coromandel County). —This road gives access to an area of land which was previously for the most part in the Thames County. However, in order to overcome any difficulties in connection with maintenance, the land in question was transferred to Coromandel County, and the road was widened and metalled. During the period under review the improvements have been brought much nearer completion, but, unfortunately, the work was delayed considerably as a result of slips and the necessity for making a number of deviations from the original road-line. Awhitu Central Road (Manukau Heads), (Franklin County). —This is a comparatively important settlement road on the Awhitu Peninsula, and during the year metalled access was given to sixteen settlers by the metalling of a distance of 2 m. 21 ch. Bald Hill Road (Franklin County).—The County Council has provided an all-weather connection between Titi and Waiuku by the metalling of an additional section of 61 ch. of this road. Bluff Road (Franklin County).—The camp established of previous years was retained to continue with the roading programme authorized in this district. The work completed during the period under review comprised the construction of various access roads involving 97 ch. of formation and 1 m. 24 ch. of metalling. As a result all-weather access has been given to six dairy-farms. Canoe Bridge (Mangatangi to Miranda Road), (Franklin County). —A reinforced-concrete bridge of one 27 ft. span was completed during the year. Kohekohe to Waipipi Road (Franklin County).—ln addition to the work done of previous years, a length of 50 ch. was formed and metalled during the period under review to give access to two settlers. Mcintosh Road (Franklin County). —A length of 1 m. 3 ch. of this road was metalled to give allweather access to six settlers and to provide a convenient through connection with the adjacent roading system. Moumoukai Valley Road (North End), (Franklin County). —The improvements commenced of previous years were continued during the period under review, and as a result an additional length of 2 m. 40 ch. of metalling has been completed to give all-weather access to eight settlers. Otaua to Maioro Road (Franklin County). —The County Council has improved this road very considerably by metalling a distance of 68 ch., thus giving all-weather access to a large grazing area. Pinnacle Hill Road (Franklin County). —The metalling of this road was completed during the year and has given all-weather access to three settlers. Whangarata to Razorback Road (Franklin County).—A distance of 51 ch. on this road was formed and 30 ch. metalled. This work is a portion of a larger proposal having in view a connection between Whangarata and the Great South Road and the provision of all-weather access to seven settlers. Tryphena Harbour Road (Great Barrier Island County). —During the year 17 ch. of formation, 7 ch. of sea-wall, and one timber bridge of 25 ft. span were completed to give access to the wharf on No. 1 site. Tryphena to Kaitoke Road (Great Barrier Island County). —This road gives access to the Kaitoke Aerodrome and is under construction by the Department. During the year 40 ch. of formation, 1 m. 40 ch. of metalling, and 326 ft. of culverting were completed. Awaiti South Road (Hauraki Plains County). —This is a settlement road on which a length of 40 ch. was formed and metalled during the year. Torehape Road West (Hauraki Plains County). —The reformation, widening, and metalling of this road has been authorized and will involve a great deal of work. A commencement was made during the year, a distance of 2 m. 40 ch. being cleared and widened by the close of the period.

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Clevedon to Maraetai Road (North Road), (Manukau County).—This is a major work involving the re-alignment and regrading of an important connection between Clevedon and Maraetai which passes through an extensive dairying and agricultural area. During the period under review sm. of formation, 1 m. 20 ch. of metalling, and 728 ft. of culverting was completed. Cooper's Road Culvert (Manukau County). —An old wooden bridge has been replaced with 40 ft. of pipe culverts. Otau Mountain Road (Manukau County). —The reformation and metalling of this settlement road was authorized during the year, and up till the close of the period 2 m. of light formation and 1 m. of metalling had been completed. The improvements will assist considerably in giving satisfactory all-weather access to a large grazing area. Puketutu Island Road (Manukau County). —This roading work, involving a scoria filling 1 m. 20 ch. long with sea-walling, was carried out during the period to give access to Puketutu Island, where there are three settlers engaged in dairying activities. Sykes Road (Manukau County).—A length of 60 ch. of this road was surfaced during the year to give all-weather access to four settlers. Lichfield to Ngatira Road (Matamata County).—This is a work being carried out to give much better access to a number of settlers who have previously had to contend with the difficulties arising from the use of a clay road. During the period under review 2m. 51 ch. of formation and 2m. 41 ch. of metalling was completed. Lichfield to Ngatira Road (Te Whetu Junction to Bartholomew's Siding), (Matamata County).— This is another metalling work being carried out in conjunction with the improvements on the road previously mentioned, and during the year 70 ch. was widened and metalled. Lichfield to Waotu (Wiltsdown) Road (Matamata County).—k. commencement was made with this work during the period under review, and 4 m. 65 ch. was widened and metalled to provide allweather access to settlers and also a convenient through connection to the main highway. Mowbray Road Bridge (Matamata County). —A reinforced-concrete bridge of one 27 ft. span 20 ft. wide was erected during the year by the County Council. Paraonui Road (Matamata County) .—Work has been commenced on the reformation and metalling of this road, and during the year a distance of 1 m. 70 ch. was reformed. Putaruru to Lichfield Road (Matamata County). —With a view to providing all-weather access to ten settlers and giving a through cream route, improvement-work was commenced on this road, and during the year 2 m. 28 ch. was metalled. Wawa Road (Matamata County).—The balance of the metalling required on this road, 1 m. 34 ch., was completed during the year, together with the erection of one bridge. Waihi Group Roaxls (Ohinemuri County). —In the previous period a programme of reformation and metalling improvements was authorized on a group of roads in this vicinity with a view to giving all-weather access to a large area of dairying land close to Waihi. During the year 2m. 71 ch. of metalling and 53 ch. of formation work was completed. Waitewheta Stream Bridge (Harris's Road), (Ohinemuri County). —The erection of a bridge to eliminate an unsatisfactory ford in the Waitewheta Stream was completed, and the five settlers on this road are now able to get to and from their properties at all times. Waitoki Road (Ohinemuri County). —A survey was made of proposals covering the improvement of this road, and during the year formation work was commenced and carried out over a distance of 1 m. 53 ch. Gallagher's Road ( Otorohanga County).—This is a short branch road giving access to a small settled area, and during the year the County Council formed 20 ch. and metalled 36 ch. Henderson's Block' Access Road (Otorohanga County). —Several settlers have been established in this block under the Small Farms Scheme, and arrangements have been made to metal their access road. During the period under review a distance of Im. 20 ch. of this work was completed. Maihihi to Hingaia Road (Otorohanga County). —The completion of reformation and metalling work on this road will provide a through connection between Otorohanga and the Wharepuhunga district. During the year 3m. 77 ch. was metalled, giving all-weather access to five settlers. Panetapu Settlement Roads (Otorohanga County)— The Panetapu Block was settled by young men under the Flock House Scheme, and the work commenced in previous years with a view to giving all the road access required within the Block was completed. Puketarata Road (Otorohanga County).—During the year the County Council metalled the remaining clay gap of 70 ch. on this road. Tapuae Road (Otorohanga County). —This is a settlement road in a district now coming under active development, and the work carried out this year under an approved programme consisted of 44 ch. of widening and 3m. 50 ch. of metalling. As a result, eight additional settlers have been given all-weather access. Tauraroa Road (Otorohanga County). —The County Council reformed and metalled 58 ch. of this settlement road. Turitea Road (Otorohanga County). —This road gives access to nine settlers and also provides a through connection between two main highways. During the period under review sm. 10 ch. was metalled. Mangauika Road (Otorohanga County). —The reformation and metalling of this road with the erection of one 50 ft. span bridge was commenced to give access to one or two particularly good farms, as well as a large area of Native and Crown lands. During the period 61 ch. of reformation work was completed. King's Road (Piako County). —A length of Im. 20 ch. was metalled to give access to one settler and to adjacent areas of good dairying country.

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Old Hill Road (Piako County). —During the period under review the County Council completed the metalling of 1 m. of this road to give access to settled areas. Thompson's Track (Piako County). —As a result of the Government's decision to improve access in outlying areas a grant was made for the betterment of this access, and during the year reconditioning work was carried out over a length of 2m. 50 ch. A serviceable road will be provided on completion of the programme, thus giving five settlers all-weather access. Corne's Access Road (Raglan County). —The formation of 1 m. 2 ch. of new road was carried out during the period to give vehicular access to a settler. Karakariki Settlement Road (Raglan County). —The Karakariki Block in this county is being developed and settled by the Waikato Land Settlement Society, and with a view to assisting as far as possible a Government grant was made to meet the cost of road formation. During the year the internal roading of the block was completed. Mile Bush Road, Pulcekawa (Raglan County). —The metalling of 1 m. 10 ch. of this road has given a through connection for a cream route and will undoubtedly assist materially in the general development of the district. Pooley's Road (Raglan County). —The formation over a distance of 1 m. 42 ch. has been completed. Rotongaro to Rangiriri Road (Raglan County). —This settlement road giving access to nine settlers was previously in very poor condition. With a view to alleviating difficulties as much as possible a grant was made to assist with the cost of metalling, and during the period under review 4 m. 30 ch. of base-course metalling was completed. Top-course metalling is in hand. Waikorea to Naike via Speedys (Raglan County). —The widening and metalling of this road was commenced during the year to give all-weather access to eleven settlers. Altogether Im. 75 ch. of reformation and 1 m. 43 ch. of metalling was completed. Waingaro Springs to Te TJku Road (Raglan County). —The programme commenced in the previous year was continued. The remaining 60 ch. was metalled, and as a result an all-weather connection is now available to the Waingaro and Te Uku districts. Wairamarama to Kaawa Road (BothwelVs), (Raglan County). —This road is located in an area of the county now coming under rapid development. The reformation, widening, and metalling of the route was authorized to assist in bringing the country in more quickly, and during the year 6 m. 56 ch. of reformation and 4 m. 59 ch. of metalling was completed. Waitetuna to Waipa Road (Raglan County). —The widening of 1 m. 67 ch. and metalling of sm. 31 ch. has given all-weather access to six settlers on this road. This does not complete the programme, and the work is being continued. Anderson's Road (Rodney County). —The County Council has completed the metalling of 60 ch. of this road, which will give all-weather access to three settlers. Cherry's Bridge, Warkworth to Woodcocks Road (Rodney County). —A reinforced-concrete bridge, 125 ft. in length with a 12-ft.-wide roadway, has been completed by the County Council to replace an old timber structure which had served its useful life. Dills Road (Rodney County). —A top course of metal was laid by the County Council over a length of 75 ch. to impove the metalled surface which existed previously. Komokoriki Hills and Ahuroa Valley Roads and Group (Rodney County). —Fifteen settlers will be provided with all-weather access, and a considerable area of good farm land will be opened up by the metalling of this group of roads. The total length involved is 7m. 27 ch., and the formation, culverting, and base-course metalling has been completed. Top-course metal is now being placed. Mahurangi Heads Road (Rodney County). —During the period 2 m. 10 ch. of top-course metal was placed on this road. Mangawai Kauri-gum Reserve Roading (Rodney County). —The roading of this block, which is being developed under the Small Farms Scheme, is being carried out by the Department. In addition to a developmental programme, which is reported upon elsewhere, a further 19 ch. of road formation was completed. Matakana to Whangaripo Road (Rodney County). —During the year the reformation and metalling of this road over a length of 3m. 37 ch. was completed. This will be of considerable benefit to the district and will give all-weather access to Wellsford or Matakana for three'additional settlers. McPherson's Bridge, Port Albert to Wellsford Valley Road (Rodney County). —The County Council has replaced a decayed wooden bridge with a reinforced-concrete culvert 58 ft. by 10 ft. by 10 ft. Omaha Valley Road (Rodney County). —Some good grazing country will be opened up and an outlet provided for one settler by the formation of 95 ch. of this road. The work was done by the County Council. Prictors Access Road (Rodney County). —The formation and metalling of this road was completed during the period under review. The distance covered was Im. 16 ch., and the work included the erection of one wooden bridge. Takatu Road (Rodney County). —With a view to improving the access to two settlers holding property at Takatu Point the County Council undertook the formation and metalling of 2 m. 24 ch. of this road. Up till the present, however, only the formation has been completed. Warkworth to Kaipara Flats Old Road (Rodney County). —Work comprising 70 ch. of top-course metalling completed the improvements required on this road, and as a result six settlers have now been given all-weather access to the Kaipara Flats Railway-station. Hikutaia to Whangamata Road (Thames County). —This road has been deviated to avoid the severe flooding which occurred on occasions in the Wentworth Stream. The formation completed last year has been metalled over a distance of 86 ch. Omahu to Otamakite Road (Thames County). —After a careful investigation it was decided to widen dangerous places on this road and to metal it to give all-weather access to interested settlers. During the period under review 3 in. 45 ch. was metalled and a considerable number of culverts installed.

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Gordonton to Motumaoho, Road (Waikato County) —This road is an important through route and gives access to a number of settlers farming peat lands. During the year a commencement was made with metalling improvements, and at the time of preparing this report a distance of 50 ch. had been completed. Pukewhau to Lake Road (Waikato County).—The Department has been working on this road for one or two seasons past, and the year under review saw the completion of the metalling work involved. This covered a distance of 5 m. 76 ch. and has given all-weather access to seven settlers along the eastern shore of Lake Waikare. Te Miro to Kiwitahi Road (Waikato County).—The formation and metalling of 2m. 58 ch. of this road has been commenced, and at the close of the period under review some 60 ch. of formation had been completed. Blackett's Road (Waipa County).—The County Council completed 76 ch. of new formation on this road. Kairangi Settlement Road ( Waipa County). —The Waikato Land Development Society commenced the development of this block of farming land, but the area has now been taken over from the society by the Department of Lands and Survey. A certain amount of the new roading required has not yet been laid off, but during the year it was possible to form and metal 3m. 36 ch. This roading will assist greatly in bringing the block in quickly, some seventeen settlers having already taken up holdings. Patterson's Road (Waipa County).—A. length of 57 ch. of this road was metalled during the period under review. St. Ledger's and Back Roads (Waipa County).—The County Council metalled 65 ch. of these roads, and this will greatly improve the access to a number of good farming sections. Blackbridge Road and Group (Waitemata County) —This work was commenced during the year, Bm. 23 ch. of road being reformed and metalled with a base course during the period. Besides giving a desirable connecting-link between two main highways, this new work will open up a considerable area of country and will provide all-weather access for eight additional settlers. Coronation (Waitakere Ridgway) Drive (Waitemata County). —During the year work on this scenic route has progressed well, and its popularity is evidenced by the amount of traffic which passes over the completed length during week-ends and public holidays. The results for the period are — 8 m. 74 ch. formed to a width of 24 ft., foundation metal laid over 6 m. 14 ch., metal chips placed over 6m. 53 ch., and one coat sealing completed over 4m. 70 ch. In addition, the road-line has been cleared for 7 m. 47 ch., 2,912 lineal feet of concrete culverts, and 2,560 lineal feet of drains being laid. 74 ch. of boundary fence was erected. Glen Var Road (Waitemata County).—The County Council metalled 75 ch. of this road to give all-weather access to eight settlers. Huia to Whatipu Road (Waitemata County). —New formation and metalling was completed over a distance of 4m. 28 ch. on this road. As a result four settlers have been given metalled access, and beaches in the vicinity have been brought within easy reach of tourists and city dwellers. Ranum's Road and Jordan's Island Access Road (Waitemata County). —During the period 2 m. 44 ch. was formed and metalled and one timber bridge of 44 ft. span constructed on Ranum's Road. These routes will give access to the reclamation scheme at Kukutango Block, and will also provide much better access for six settlers who are dairying on their properties. McClymonts and Spencers Roads (Waitemata County). — The County Council completed the metalling of these roads, and as a result eight settlers are now provided with metalled access. Nixon's Road (Waitemata County).—A length of Im. 20 ch. was metalled during the period under review to give access to good farming country supporting four settlers. Schnapper Rock Road (Waitemata County).- The County Council metalled 1 m. 24 ch. of this road, and as a result the thirteen interested settlers now have greatly improved access and will be in a much better position to develop their holdings properly. Wainui to Tahekeroa Road (Waitemata County). —Top-course metalling over a distance of 2 m. 15 ch. has completed all necessary improvements on this road. Snellings Road (Waitemata County).—Metalling of 65 ch. of this road was completed during the year to give all-weather access to six settlers. Tauranga District. McDonnell's Road (Opotiki County). —This road gives access to three settlers —one Europea,n and two Natives —and had previously been in little better condition than a bush track. With a view to improving the position and assisting the settlers as much as possible in the development of their holdings, a grant was made during the year for the purpose of properly forming and metalling the road. In the period 37 ch. of formation and metalling was completed. Dansey Road (Rotorua County). —This is a settlement road giving access to a number of settlers who had previously been inconvenienced grea,tly by difficulties in wet weather and during the winter months. Metalling improvements were commenced during the year, and by the end of the period a length of 80 ch. had been completed. Horohoro Block Access Roads (Rotorua County).—The Native Department has brought a large area of Native land in this vicinity under a consolidation scheme, but as dairying is to be the main activity of the new settlers consideration had to be given to the question of forming and metalling access roads. During the period under review capital work of this description was carried out over a distance of 3 m. Maniatutu Road (Rotorua County).—This road gives access to bush country where a mill is operating, and also to a school attended by six pupils. During the period under review a length of 74 ch. was metalled.

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Oturoa Road (Rotorua County). —With a view to giving all-weather access to numerous settlers on this road metalling improvements were commenced during the period, and 1 m. 20 ch. of new work was completed. South Road (Rotorua County).—During the year 50 ch. of formation and 54 ch. of metalling was carried out on this road. Te Waerenga Road (Rotorua County). —As a result of representations made by numbers of settlers and an appropriate application by the Rotorua County Council, a grant was made for the purpose of assisting with the cost of metalling this settlement road. During the period under review new work of this description was carried out over a distance of 2 m. Vaughan's Road (Rotorua County). —A length of 1 m. 32 ch. of metalling was completed on this road during the period. Whirinaki Cross Road (Rotorua County). —This road is used greatly in connection with the settlement and development of a number of Crown sections in the vicinity, and in order to give all-weather access metalling improvements were commenced. A distance of 74 ch. was completed during the year. Atiamuri to Orakei-Korako Road (Taupo County).—This road has come into prominence as the access to the new thermal district now being developed at Orakei-Korako. Reconstruction work, with surfacing where necessary, was required to give vehicular access, and a length of 10 m. 50 ch. received attention of this description during the period. Ongaroto Road (Taupo County). —With a view to giving access to new country and to timbermills, formation and metalling has been carried out over a length of 4 m. on this road. Reporoa Roads (Taupo County). —The several roads in this block give access to pumice country which was brought in as Crown land settlement some few years ago. In view of the difficulties experienced by the new settlers in getting access during wet weather a start was made with metalling, and by the close of the period 1 m. of this work had been completed. Taupo Aerodrome Access Road (Taupo County). —With the construction of an aerodrome at Taupo it has been necessary to build a road access, and during the year 2 m. 40 ch. of clearing preparatory to formation work, together with 1 m. of formation, was completed. Bell's Road (Tauranga County).—This settlement road had been in indifferent condition for some seasons, and in order to improve the access as much as possible a length of 40 eh. was metalled during the period under review. Esdaile's Road (Tauranga County). —Work was carried out on this road during the year under the Government's programme of backblocks roads improvement. By the close of the period a length of 30 ch. had been metalled. No. 1 Road, Te Puke (Tauranga County). —This is one of three roads on which the Tauranga County Council is experimenting with a special form of surfacing, 1 m. of the work being completed during the period. Ohauiti to Waimapu Road (Tauranga County).—ln order to give all-weather access to a number of settlers metalling improvements were undertaken on this roacl, and by the close of the period a distance of 1 m. had been metalled. Rangiuru Road (Tauranga County). —The metalling of this road is one of the works commenced under the Government's programme of improvements on settlement roads, and during the year a distance of 1 m. was metalled. Te Tumu Road (Tauranga County).—Reformation, culverting, and metalling work was completed during the period over a length of 1 m. 40 ch. on this settlement road. Galatea Estate Access Roads (Whakatane County). —In order to give all-weather access to new areas which the Lands Department desired to offer for selection within the Galatea Estate, formation and metalling work has been carried out over a distance of 1 m. 50 ch. Luttrell's Bridge (Whakatane County). —One timber bridge of three 25 ft. spans was erected over Raroa Creek, approximately 2 m. from Waimana Village, and this will be a decided improvement over the previous means of crossing by a ford. Murupara Small Farms Access Road (Whakatane County).—As indicated, this is a road giving access to a number of small farms, the development of which has been undertaken by the Department of Lands and Survey. During the period Im. 54 ch. of formation and metalling was completed, together with two small bridge culverts. Murphy's Road (Whakatane County). —This is another road on which metalling has been commenced under the programme of settlement roads improvement. A distance of 60 ch. was completed. Omehu Outfall Bridge, Soldiers' Road (Whakatane County). —One bridge in steel joists of 40 ft. span was erected over the Omeheu Outfall Drain on this road. Rotorua to Waikaremoana Road (Whakatane County).—The major work of reconstructing and metalling this road has progressed steadily, and that completed during the period under review comprises 3 m. 70 ch. of heavy rock formation approximately 24 ft. wide, lighter formation over an additional 1 m. 20 ch. approximately 30 ft. wide, metalling 2 m. 33 ch., and culverting 2,000 lineal feet. During the year heavy rains in the mountain sections caused numerous heavy slips, and rock and rubble totalling over 52,000 cubic yards were removed as a result of these occurrences. An average complement of 150 men have been employed during the period. Sisley's Road (Whakatane County). —This is a settlement road on which metalling was commenced under the programme of backblocks-roads improvement. 60 ch. of this work was completed. Tarawera Small Farms Access Road (Whakatane County). —A road was required in this instance to give access to small farms being developed by the Department of Lands and Survey, 1 m. 20 ch. of new formation being completed and surfaced with pumice.

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Gisborne District. Bushy Knoll Road (Cook County).—ln the past two seasons a considerable length of this backcountry road has been metalled to give all-weather access to a large tract of fertile grazing country. During the period under review 80 ch. was trimmed and metalled and 216 lineal feet of culverts were placed. Nelson Road (Cook County).—This is an important road in the county carrying more than the'usual amount of settlement traffic. The work completed during the past year comprises Im. 42 ch. of reconstruction and 122 lineal feet of culverting. Tokonui to Tarewa Road (Cook County) .—An additional length of 40 ch. of this road was metalled as part of the County Council's programme to give all-weather access to the interested settlers. Waimata to Arakihi Road (Cook County).—Proposals covering metalling work over a distance of 2 m. were authorized, but owing to heavy floods in the late summer it was not possible to commence any actual metalling. Sufficient stone was taken from nearby river-beds and dumped on the roadside. Waiomoko Road (Seymour's), (Cook County).—The 30 ch. of metalling commenced during the previous year was completed, together with an additional 20 ch. of new work. Karakatuwhero Road (Mat.akaoa County).—This road gives access to grazing country in a backblocks district, and during the year a deviation 20 ch. in length was formed and metalled. One bridge of 25 ft. span was removed from an unsuitable location on to the new deviation. Kopuapounamu River Bridge (Kopuapounamu Valley Road), (Matakaoa County).—One reinforcedconcrete bridge of two spans and totalling 90 ft. in length was completed, together with approaches, and this will assist materially in giving more regular access to a number of back-country settlers. Main East Coast Road, Potaka to Whangaparaoa Section (Matakaoa County). —A length of 2 m. 40 ch. of this road was top-coursed, and this work has completed all the improvements necessary. The route was subsequently declared a main highway and will be maintained in future from the funds of the Main Highways Board. Potaka to Waikura Road (Matakaoa County).—During the year a contract was let for the metalling of Im. 48 ch. of this road. The work was completed. Te Araroa to East Cape Road (Matakaoa County).—This road gives access to a considerable area of Native land. 60 ch. of new metalling was completed, together with 470 lineal feet of culverting. Huanui Road (Uawa County) .—An additional length of 40 ch. of this back-country road was metalled to assist towards the provision of all-weather access to a large station. Tauwhareparae Road (TJawa County).—This road is in the hinterland of the East Coast district, and improvement-work completed during the year comprises 20 ch. of reformation, 40 ch. of metalling, and 66 lineal feet of culverting. Tolaga to Arakihi Road (Uawa County). —A contract covering metalling of 1 m. 18 ch. of this road was well advanced at the commencment of the year and was completed during the period under review. Ihungia-Mata-Waitahaia Road (Waiapu County).—During the year 1 m. 66 ch. of new metalling was carried out on this road to complete proposals which had as their object the provision of all-weather access to a number of settlers in a backblocks district. Jerusalem to Whareponga Road (Waiapu County).—This road gives access to European settlers and also to a large area of Native lands which are now coming under active development. During the period under review a length of 2 m. was metalled. Maraehara East Road (Waiapu County).—Like many other roads in the Waiapu County, this route gives access to a number of European holdings and also to large tracts of undeveloped Native lands. With a view to bringing this country into production a commencement was made with metalling, and during the period under review 2 m. 40 ch. of this work was completed. Matahiia Road (Waiapu County). —This is another settlement road on which 2 m. 32 ch. of new metalling was carried out during the year to give all-weather access to a number of back-country settlers. Rangitukia to East Cape Road (Waiapu County). —This road was formed of previous years, but provision had not been made at that time for culverting, and with a view to preserving the new formation as much as possible a grant was made during the year for the purpose of placing concrete-pipe culverts. 368 ft. of these were placed. Tapuwaeroa Valley Road (Waiapu County). —This road sustained damage as a result of a heavy flood in'the adjacent river and it became necessary to build protective groynes to withstand erosion. The work was commenced, but owing to difficulties arising from further flooding, it was not possible to complete the proposals by the end of the period. Te Hue Road (Waiapu County).—This clay road has been in indifferent condition for many seasons past and caused great difficulty to four soldier settlers, together with a number of Native farmers, in transport operations. With a view to assisting the settlers in the development of their holdings a grant was made during the year to cover the cost of metalling the road. By the end of the period a length of 1 m. had been completed. Fitzgerald's Road (Waikohu County). —This road serves three settlers, and a length of 1 m. 6 ch. was metalled during the year to give all-weather access. Gisborne to Motu via Whakarau Road (Waikohu County). —This road was at one time the main coach route between Gisborne and Opotiki, but since the construction of a deviation has lapsed to the status of a settlement route. The County Council has prepared proposals covering widening and metalling work, and during the year a length of 1 m. 48 ch. was improved accordingly. Mangaliaumia Road (Waikohu County). —A length of Im. 19 ch. of this road has been newly metalled to give much improved access to the interested settlers. Scott's Road (Waikohu County).—Metalling work was completed over a length of 60 ch. on this road. Taihamiti Road (Waikohu County). —This is a settlement road on which 2 m. was surfaced with gravel to give better access to a number of settlers. 4 —l). 1.

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Tarndale Road (Waikohu County).—The work commenced of previous years was continued during the period. 3m. 9 ch. of new formation was completed, 20 ch. was metalled, and 548 lineal feet of culverts were installed. This new road will give proper access to a large tract of grazing country which previously could be reached only by way of river-bed access involving a number of dangerous fords. Wharekopae to Tahora Road (Waikohu County). —This is a backblocks road giving access to two large stations and other areas of fair-quality grazing land. It is also a through route for stock travelling between Poverty Bay and the Bay of Plenty. During the period under review improvements comprising 2 m, 4 ch. of reformation and 1 m. 60 ch. of metalling were completed. Taumarunui District. Waiouru to Tokaanu Road (East Taupo County). —This is a direct road from Waiouru to Tokaanu, passing on the eastern side of the mountains Ruapehu, Tongariro, and Ngauruhoe, and is now undergoing complete reconstruction with general improvements and metalling. During the period under review 10 m. of first-class formation, 10 m. of second-class surfacing, and 80 culverts totalling 2,000 lineal feet in length were completed. Erua Road (Kaitieke County).—Another section of this backblocks road was metalled during the year to give all-weather access to a number of settlers, the completed work comprising 3 m. of secondclass surfacing. Kouturoa Road East (Kaitieke County).—A length of 4 m. of metalling was carried out on this road to give access to timber-mills and to several back-country settlers. Hauturu North and Kihi Roads (Kawhia County). —With a view to giving all-weather access to a number of settlers who had been developing their properties under great difficulties for several years a programme of improvements was commenced on these roads. During the period 70 ch. of formation and 3 m. 70 ch. of surfacing was carried out. Taumatatotata West Road (Kawhia County). —This road had been in indifferent condition for many years, but in view of the necessity of giving all-weather access to five resident settlers it was decided to commence metalling improvements, and during the period 3 m. of work of this description was completed. Tongaporutu to Mangaroa Road (Ohura County).—This is the eastern end of a road leading through to the West Coast at Tongaporutu, the whole of which is being reconstructed and metalled as a necessary through connection. During the year 2m. of formation, 2m. of surfacing, and 81 lineal feet of culverting was completed. Waitaanga North Road (Ohura County).—This is a settlement road giving access to four settlers. During the year 2 m. 24 ch. of metalling was completed to give all-weather access. Taumarunui to Tokaanu Road (Taumarunui County). —This is one of the Department's major works, and when completed will give direct access between Taumarunui and Tokaanu on the southern shore of Lake Taupo. It opens up new areas of heavily timbered country and will give access to large tracts of Native land capable of profitable development. Work was in hand during the previous period, and that completed during the year under review comprises 3 m. of first-class formation, 5 m. of surfacing, and 1,500 lineal feet of culverting. Weston's Culvert (Taumarunui County).—As a result of the collapse of an old timber bridge it was necessary to consider the construction of a reinforced-arch culvert 50 ft. in length, 12 ft. wide, and 12 ft. high. The work was completed. Kaitaringa Road (Waitomo County). —This road has been improved to give access to a smallfarms scheme. The work carried out during the period under review comprises 3m. 30 ch. of formation, 4 m. of surfacing, and 420 lineal feet of culverting. Taumatamaire Road (Waitomo County).—This road gives access to a large area of occupied land to the north-west of the Awakino Gorge. In order to improve the position of the several settlers a commencement was made with reformation and metalling, and during the period 3 m. of formation improvements and 1 m. of metalling was completed. Waitomo Valley Road (Waitomo County). —Improvements were commenced on this road with a view to giving all-weather access to settlers who had contended for many years with difficulties arising from the use of a clay road. During the period under review a distance of 2m. 60 ch. of reformation and surfacing was completed. Stratford District. Okau-Tongaporutu-Mangaroa Road (Clifton County). —Work has been continued during the year on the reformation and metalling of this road, which gives access to a considerable area of settled country in Clifton County and then continues over the boundary to give an access connection through Ohura County to the King-country. In view of the general roading and traffic development it was considered that a direct all-weather connection between the two districts should be made, and in furtherance of the programme authorized some time ago an additional length of 3 m. 8 ch. was metalled during the period under review. Uruti to Ngatoto Road (Clifton County).-—This is a settlement road running up into the hinterland of the county and is being metalled by means of grants made in the annual estimates. During the period 50 ch. was formed, 41 ch. was metalled, and 186 lineal feet of culverts were installed in continuation of the work commenced during previous years. Parihaka Road (Egmont County). —This road was one of the few remaining unmetalled roads in the county, and with a view to improving the position in accordance with the land-development which has taken place a grant was made to form a small additional length and to metal the whole road. The work completed during the year comprises 22 ch. of formation and 2 m. 72 ch. of metalling. Makino Road (Patea County). —This route, although maintained comparatively well as a clay road, did not give the regularity of access which is so important to-day in connection with farming

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development. As a result of a grant in the estimates it was possible to carry out metalling improvements, and during the period under review 1 m. 60 ch. of this work and 66 lineal feet of culverting was completed. Weraweraonga Road (Patea County). —As a result of access difficulties arising from the use of a clay road it was decided that the settlers should be given metalled access, and a camp was established to carry out the work. During the year improvements of the description mentioned were completed over a length of 3 m. 20 ch. Mangahoe Road (Rangitikei County).—This road is situated in a backblocks area, and financial arrangements were made with the Rangitikei County Council in connection with the cost of metalling improvements. Work of this nature completed by the close of the period under review comprised 1 m. 25 ch. of preliminary earthworks and 40 ch. of metalling. Mangamahoe Road (Rangitikei County). —This is another backblocks road in a productive grazing district and serves a large number of settlers. As a clay road the route had never given satisfaction to the extent necessary to meet present-day farming needs, and under arrangement with the County Council the road is being metalled. A length of 9m. 59 ch. was completed in continuation of that finished during the previous period. Murimotu and Watershed Roads (Rangitikei County). —The metalling operations commenced two seasons ago to give metalled access to a large area of good grazing country were continued. The work completed during the year consisted of 3 m. 62 ch. of surfacing. Ohaumoko Road ( Rangitikei County). —In order to give more satisfactory access to settlers a length of 4 m. 40 ch. of this road was metalled during the year. Ongo Stream. Bridge (Rangitikei County). —The erection of one reinforced-concrete bridge of two 40 ft. spans, the installation of 30 lineal feet of culverting, and approach roading of 15 ch. was carried out in the period. Owhakura Road (Rangitikei County). —This is a settlement road passing over the county boundary into Wanganui County, and during the year a length of 2 m. was metalled to give all-weather access. Mangahowhi Stream Bridges, Pakihi Valley Road (Waimarino County).—Two bridges, each of 25 ft. span, were erected on this road to give access to lands being developed under the small-farms scheme. Mangarewa Road (Waimarino County). —This is a backblocks road where difficulties have been experienced for many years during rains and over the wet season. The position has now been improved greatly by metalling. The work completed during the year comprised Im. 43 ch. of formation, Im. 61 ch. of metalling, and 237 lineal feet of culverting. Pakihi Valley Road (Waimarino County). —The metalling of 55 ch. of this road was completed during the year along with the renewal of the two bridges over the Mangahowhi Stream, as mentioned above. Waipuna Ridge Road (Waimarino County). —The metalling of this road was continued during the year to give all-weather access to settlers who have been farming in the area for a very long time. The new work completed over the period comprises 3 m. 42 ch. of metalling and 123 lineal feet of culverting. Matahiwi to Ohotu Road (Wanganui County). —Formation work was carried out on this road in previous seasons, and during the last period the new formation was metalled over a distance of 2 m. 63 ch. Owhakura Road (Wanganui County).—This settlement road extends over the county boundary into Rangitikei County, and during the year 60 ch. was metalled in conjunction with the other work being carried out in the latter county. Wanganui River Road, Left Bank, Operiki Stream Bridge (Wanganui County). —Widening and metalling improvements were undertaken on this road one or two seasons ago, and all-weather access was given up the left bank as far as Pipiriki. One bridge completing the Department's programme of work was erected during the year over the Operiki Stream. Makahu Road (Whangamomona County). —This settlement road is located in the hinterland of Taranaki and is used by a number of dairy-farmers in taking cream and other dairy-produce to the railway-station. Transport of this description could not be continued regularly in wet weather, and with a view to improving the position as much as possible a camp was established to metal the road. During the period 1 m. 35 ch. of work of this description was completed. Mangapapa Road (Whangamomona County).—This road branches off the main highway in the Tangarakau Gorge and leads up on to a plateau consisting in parts of very good country having regard to the general topographical features of this district. The settlers using the road have occupied their properties for many years, and their need of a metalled access grew more urgent as additional land was brought into productivity. With a view to giving the convenience and assistance of a metalled road a camp was established, and during the period 1 m. of metalling was completed. Mangare Road (Whangamomona County). —The lands served by this road were offered for selection as Crown areas about eighteen to twenty years ago and, mainly on account of the clay access, a large proportion of the country was afterwards abandoned. The remaining settlers were experiencing great difficulty in getting access during wet weather and in the winter. In the circumstances arrangements were made to metal so much of the road as was used by existing settlement, and during the year under review a distance of 74 ch. of this work was completed. Tangarakau Valley Road (Whangamomona County). —A track was formed several years ago to give access to the properties alongside this road. With the increasing development and productivity of the area the settlers were finding.it extremely difficult to carry on satisfactorily without a full-width vehicular road. The formation was completed last year, and during the period under review 144 lineal feet of culverts were installed to take the surface and storm water away from the road. 4*

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Napier District. Mangatoro Stream Bridge (Fourth Crossing), Mangatoro Valley Road (Dannevirke County).—The plans prepared by the County Council in respect of this bridge have been approved, but it was not possible to get the work in hand during the year. Napier to Taihape Road (Hawke's Bay County).—A length of 2 m. was graded up in preparation for metalling, and a small section of 20 ch. was completed, together with the installation of fifty culverts totalling 400 lineal feet. Tutira to Pohokura Road (Hawke's Bay County).-—l2O lineal feet of concrete-pipe culverting, 12 in. in diameter, was installed. Well's Access, Puketitiri (Hawke's Bay County). —A length of 62 ch. of this access was formed and culverted. Cook's Tooth, Wangah.au Road (Patangata County).' —A length of 1 m. on this road was metalled to improve the access to settled areas. Ireland's Road (Patangata County). —New metalling was carred out over a distance of 55 ch. Mangatarata Road (Patangata County). —Metalling was completed over a length of 1 m. 25 ch. Mangatarata to Long Range Road (Patangata County). —This work involves the formation of a road which will be used considerably as a through connection. The proposals were surveyed during the year and a commencement made with the formation and culverting. Formation of 3m. was completed, and forty-five culverts, totalling 1,150 lineal feet, were installed. Wallingford to Blackhead Road, Hunter's Access (Patangata County). —Metalling was completed over a length of 2 m. on this settlement road. Wallingford to Hatuma Road (Patangata County).—During the period under review 1 m. 10 ch. of this road was newly metalled. Carlyon's Bridge, Kereru to Waipawa Road (Waipawa County). —This structure consists of a reinforced-concrete bridge of one 31 ft. span with a 12 ft. roadway, on abutments, and was completed under contract during the year. Cook's Road (Waipawa County). —New metalling on this road was commenced during the year, and by the close of the period 40 ch. had been completed. Eastwood Road (Waipawa County).—Metalling is also in hand on this road, and a distance of 40 ch. has been completed. Hardy's Road (Waipawa County). —1 m. of metalling was carried out on this road during the year. McLeod's Bridge, Waratahi Road (Waipawa County). —This structure consists of one 32 ft. 6 in. reinforced-concrete span on abutments and wingwalls, with a 12 ft. roadway, and was completed under contract during the year. Nicholl's Road (Waipukurau County).—In order to give access to settled areas a length of 1 m. 24 ch. of this road was metalled during the year. Ardkeen Settlement Road (Wairoa County). —In continuation of the improvements commenced in previous years an additional length of 31 ch. on this road was metalled to give access to settlement. Mangaone Valley Road (Wairoa County). —The County Council completed the metalling of 22 ch. on this settlement road to give better access to residents in the Valley. Mohaka River Bridge, Willow Flat Road (Wairoa County). —A suspension bridge, consisting of a span of 181 ft. 6 in., with an 8-ft.-wide deck and capable of carrying a gross load of 6 tons, was completed during the year, together with 35 ch. of approach roading. Floods in April caused extensive slips on the approaches and the waters rose to within a few feet of the deck, so that it was necessary to consider protective measures at the abutments. Murphy's Access Road (Wairoa County).—A new road is being constructed to give more convenient and direct access to a large grazing-run and, with the exception of culverting, was completed during the year, the distance being 1 m. 27 ch. of entirely new road and 42 ch. of old road. Ngamotu Road (Wairoa County).-—This road is being metalled to give access to a Native settlement, and a length of 76 ch. out of the total distance of approximately 3 m. was completed during the year. Nuhaka River (Waikatea) Road (Wairoa County). —Protective work was commenced just before the severe floods in April. During the floods a new channel was scoured across the line of the proposed bank, and it not now practicable to carry out the work as originally designed. Ohuka Branch Road (Wairoa County). —A length of 34 ch. on this back-country road was metalled during the period. Otara Stream Bridge, Woodlands, Mossman's Access Road (Wairoa County).—Work was in hand on the erection of a suspension bridge of 100 ft. span, but owing to the floods operations have been temporarily suspended. Rotorua to Waikaremoana Road, Hopuaruahine to Ruatahuna Section (Wairoa County).—With the exception of 2 m. of metalling, the reconstruction of this important scenic road had been completed in previous seasons. However, a number of underslips made it necessary to carry out additional widening operations, and during the year 8,900 cubic yards of spoil was removed from slips and 4,000 cubic yards was removed in the course of widening work. Metalling was completed during the period by using rock from the cuttings for the first course and shingle from the Hopuaruahine Stream for the running coat. Birch Road East (Weber County). —An additional length of 2 m. 2 ch. of this road was metalled. Oporae to Waihi Road (Weber County).—New metalling was commenced on this road during the year, and a distance of 60 ch. was completed.

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Wellington District. North Range Road (Akitio County). —In continuation of the improvement work which has been carried out on this road of recent years an additional length of 75 ch. was formed and another section of 1 in. 30 ch. was metalled. Spur Road (Akitio County). —A length of Im. 70 ch. of this settlement road was metalled during the year. Waiowaka Road (Akitio County).—On this settlement road 14 ch. of formation, 1 m. 40 ch. of metalling, and the erection of two small timber bridges has been completed. Alfredton to Tinui Road (Castlepoint County). —In order to give metalled access to settlers and to improve a road used by a great deal of through traffic, 4 m. 60 ch. of this route was metalled. Otahome Road (Castlepoint County). —With a view to giving all-weather access to one settler, an additional length of 40 ch. on this road was metalled. North Road Culvert (Eketahuna County).—One reinforced-concrete culvert, 4 ft. by 6 ft. and 25 ft. long, was completed during the year. Putara Gorge Road (Eketahuna County). —Widening work on dangerous corners and general improvements over the whole distance of 4 m. was commenced during the year and is still in progress. Saunders Road (Eketahuna County). —A length of Im. 50 ch. was metalled with base-course material and is to be surfaced next season. Tawhero Road (Eketahuna County). —This is a settlement road on which 1 m. 20 ch. of base-course metalling was completed during the year. The top-course metalling is to follow in the next season. Tiraumea Road (Eketahuna County). —A length of 1 m. 20 ch. of new metalling was completed on this road. Waiwera Bridge (Eketahuna County).—One reinforced-concrete bridge of two 35 ft. spans with a roadway 11 ft. wide was completed during the period under review. Webb's Bridge (Eketahuna County). —A reinforced-concrete bridge of one 24 ft. span with a 12 ft. 6 in. wide roadway was erected during the year. Ruakokopatuna Road (Featherston County). —This is a settlement road in the backblocks part of the county and is to be used by timber-transport lorries very shortly. In order that the road should serve this dual purpose more suitably, dangerous corners have been widened and general improvements in the way of reconstruction carried out over the whole length. Heights Road (Horowhenua County). —55 ch. of formation and metalling was completed. Hokio to Waitarere Road (Horowhenua County).—A length of 46 ch. of new metalling was carried out during the year. Muhunoa West Stream Bridge (Horowhenua County).—A rolled-steel-joist bridge with timber deck and hardwood piles and consisting of one 40 ft. span was erected. Waikawa Beach Road (Horowhenua County). —A distance of Im. of this road was reconstructed as a result of largely increased traffic using the route for access to a beach settlement. Hay wards to Pahautanui Road (Hutt County). —The work commenced in previous years was continued and that completed during the period comprises 2 m. 19 ch. of formation 24 ft. wide, 3 m. of metalling, 1,110 lineal feet of culverting varying between 9 in. and 48 in. in diameter, three stream-diversions totalling 17 ch., and 160 ch. of fencing. Work is now in progress on an additional length of 2m. 23 ch. of formation which is to be 24 ft. wide. This road will meet the urgent need for a fast and direct connection from the upper part oi the Hutt Valley to the West Coast at Pahautanui and Paremata, where it will join the Main North Highway. Plateau Bridge (Hutt County).—A reinforced-concrete bridge of one 19 ft. span with al2 ft. roadway was completed, and this replaces a timber structure which had served for many years. Plimmerton to Paekakariki Road (Hutt County).—Work has continued steadily on the construction of this new road between Plimmerton and Paekakariki, which will replace the tortuous and steep highway over the Paekakariki Hill. The swamp section between Plimmerton and Pukerua Bay has been excavated and is now being filled with solid material. The length between Pukerua Bay and Paekakariki is well opened up, and the construction of the sea-wall is going ahead rapidly, 2,750 cubic yards of concrete having been placed. Some 205,340 cubic yards of clay and rock have been excavated, 2 m. 30 ch. has been formed and metalled, and construction is in progress over a length of 6 m. 10 ch. Approximately 994 lineal feet of concrete-pipe culverts varying in diameter from 12 in. to 60 in. have been installed. Two overbridges will carry the road over the railway at different points. Contracts for both of these structures have been let, and pile-driving has been commenced. Western Hutt Road (Hutt County).—The formation of this new outlet along the western side of the Hutt Valley has been completed with the exception of the northern approach to the new reinforced-concrete bridge over the Hutt River at Silverstream. This bridge is now being erected under contract, and up to the present one abutment and six piers have been completed. No difficulty has been experienced with the cylinder-sinking, and the deck and beams of one span have been completed. Thorndon Overbridge (Wellington City).—The construction of this bridge, which will carry traffic from Aotea Quay over the several railway-lines at the northern end of the main city area, has progressed steadily during the year. With the exception of three spans, all beams, decking, and kerbs have been completed. All fence panels and footway slabs have been cast, but as yet hand-rails have not been completed. The approaches have been practically completed and will require trimming only. Milner's Bridge (Kairanga County).—A reinforced-concrete bridge of one 12 ft. span and with an 18 ft. roadway has been completed. Titirangi Road (Kiwitea County).—ln order to give all-weather access to settlement, Im. 20 ch. of this road was metalled during the period.

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Mangaone Stream Bridge (Manawatu County).—A rolled-steel-] oist bridge of two 30 ft. spans and with a road 11 ft. 2 in. wide lias been completed. Homewood Road (Masterton County).—A reinforced-conorete culvert, 9 ft. by 9 ft. and 30 ft. long, was completed during the year. Ruamahanga River Bridge (Masterton County).—The erection of this reinforced-concrete bridge of three 80 ft. spans with a 20 ft. roadway was practically completed last year, and is now out of hand and being used by traffic. Hall's Bridge (Mauriceville County).—Work was commenced during the year on a reinforcedconcrete bridge of one 30 ft. span with a 12-ft.-wide roadway. Woodville to Ashhurst Road (Oroua and Woodville Counties). —This is a new road being constructed over the ranges immediately north of the present highway through the Manawatu Gorge. Work was continued steadily during the period, 2 m. 20 ch. of formation, involving 56,540 cubic yards of spoil and 2m. 25 ch. of metalling, having been completed on the new road. Culverts varying in diameter from 9 in. to 24 in. have been installed, the total length being 1,041 lineal feet. With the exception of some little fencing and a reinforced-concrete bridge of nine 40 ft. spans over the Pohangina River, the new work has been practically completed. On the Wairarapa side the old road is being improved, and the work completed comprises 1 m. 20 ch. of reformation, including several major deviations, 50 ch. of new metalling, and 729 lineal feet of concrete-pipe culverting. Hull's Bridge (Pahiatua County). —Work was commenced during the year on a reinforced-concrete bridge of two 60 ft. and one 90 ft. spans with a 20-ft.-wide roadway. Harris' Culvert (Pahiatua County).—Work was completed during the period on a reinforcedconcrete culvert 8 ft. by 8 ft. by 44 ft. 9 in. long. Paehuia Stream Culvert (Wairarapa South County).—A reinforced-concrete culvert, 8 ft. by 8 ft. by 76 ft. long, is being built, but was not completed by the close of the period. Nelson Distkict. Clarence Valley Road, North Bank (Awatere County).—With a view to giving more constant access to three grazing-runs on the south bank of the Clarence River the Department made a detailed investigation of a proposed new road up the northern bank, together with a light traffic bridge over the river. Although it was not possible to start the work in the period under review, financial arrangements were well advanced and it is anticipated that construction will proceed very shortly. JJre River Road (Awatere County). —The construction of this settlers' access road has been continued during the year, 1 m. 15 ch. of 12 ft. formation, 1 m. 33 ch. of metalling, and 240 lineal feet of culverting having been completed. Fifteen-mile Creek Bridge (Collingwood County).—The Department undertook the erection of this bridge on behalf of the County Council, and the structure, a three-span cantilever bridge in reinforced concrete, 100 ft. overall, with a 10 ft. wide roadway, is nearing completion. Pakawau to Mangarakau (Collingwood County). —This new road,, the formation of which is now completed, will provided all-weather access to a large area of pastoral, milling, and mining country south of the West Haven Inlet. During the year 70 ch. of formation, sm. 60 ch. of metalling, and 707 lineal feet of culverting have been completed. Stone-pitching of the banks across the various tidal arms has been continued by means of a punt specially constructed for the purpose. The bridge at Muddy Creek, consisting of five 20 ft. stringer spans on reinforced-concrete piers and abutments, has been completed. Paturau Road ( Collingwood County).—With a view to removing the difficulties experienced as a result of the low-lying nature of a section of several miles on this road a detailed investigation was made into a possible deviation of 3m. 52 ch. By the close of the period camps were being erected and a commencement had been made with formation and metalling. Pomeroy's Road ( Collingwood County).—The County Council has completed the formation of 79 ch., and metalling is now proceeding. Avon Valley Road (Marlborough County).—The County Council has completed 63 ch. of metalling on this road. Leatham Valley Road (Marlborough County).—A distance of Im. 13 ch. of this road was metalled by the County Council to give all-weather access to the settlers in the Valley. North Bank Road (Bartlett's Creek to Pine Valley Stream), (Marlborough County).—With a view to improving this road and to preventing erosion by the river, proposals involving stop-banking, protective works, and groynes were prepared, and the work was commenced a short while before the close of the period. Waihopai River Bridge, Maori Ford, Waiho-pai Valley Road (Marlborough County).—Owing to the silting up of the Marlborough. Power Board's dam it became necessary to raise this bridge by 12 ft. 3 in., and this work, which included an extra' 20 ft. spun m each end of the bridge, together with formation and metalling of 12 ch. of approaches, has been completed by the County Council. Blackwater Road (Murchison County).—The County Council has completed the formation and metalling of T m.' l ch. of this settlement road. Nine culverts of various sizes totalling 144 lineal feet have been installed. " ' / " ' " '. ' Glengarry Road, Access to Kelling (Murchison County) —The reconstruction of 78 ch. of this road to give access to'country which has been isolated since™ther-Mmrahison--earthquake- in 1929 was completed by the County Council. . - Hutching $ 'Greek Bridge,- Maruia River Road,East-Bank' (Murchison-CountyJ-.—The erection.-of this bridge was undertaken by the Department on behalf of the County Council.- The structure consists of a reinforced-concrete bridge of two 35 ft. spans with a 10-ft. roadway, and, together with 6 ch. of approach roading, was completed during the period.

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Longford to Rait's Road, Access to Win (Murchison County).—The County Council let a contract for the formation of Im. 42 ch. of this settler's access road. The work has now been completed, together with the installation of twenty-nine culverts of varying sizes and of a total length of 376 lineal feet. Matiri River Road, West Bank (Murchison County). —An additional length of 60 ch. of this settlement road was metalled by the County Council. Pea Soup Creek Bridge, Maruia River Road, East Bank (Murchison County).—The construction of a reinforced-concrete bridge of one 45 ft. span with a 10 ft. roadway, and the formation and metalling of 6 ch. of approach roading, was completed. Rappahannock Road ( Murchison County). —As a result of formation and metalling improvements over a length of 1 m. 43 ch. the access to the several resident settlers in this valley has been greatly improved. Shenandoah Road (Murchison County).—This new road, which was formed a few seasons ago, was metalled over a distance of sm. 16 ch. The route will later form part of the Murchison-Christchurch via Lewis Pass Main Highway. Hakana Bay to Jerdan's Bay Track, Access to Daken (Sounds County). —A contract was let for the formation of 1 m. 27 ch. of track 4 ft. wide, and the work, which has been completed, gives access to isolated settlers in the Port Underwood district. Go-ahead Creek Bridge, Old Collingwood Inland Road (Takaka County). —The County Council let a contract for the construction of this bridge of one 35 ft. reinforced-concrete span with a 12-ft.-wide roadway on reinforced-concerte-pile abutments. At the close of the period the piles were in place. Waitui Road (Takaka County). —A length of 45 ch. of this road was metalled to give all-weather access to settlers and to assist the Cobb Hydro-electric Works. Clarke Valley Road (Waimea County).—New metalling on this road has been completed over a distance of 2 m. 26 ch. Herring Stream Bridge, Motueka River Board, Left Bank (Waimea County). —This work, which comprised a 35 ft. reinforced-concrete span with a 12-ft.-wide roadway, together with the formation and metalling of 10 ch. of approach roading, has been completed by the County Council. Little Pokororo River Bridge, Motueka River Road, Left Bank (Waimea County).—The County Council let a contract for the construction of this bridge, which consists of one 30-ft.-reinforced-concrete span with a 12-ft.-wide roadway. The work has been completed, together with the formation and metalling of 6 ch. of approach roading, and is a great improvement over the old means of crossing by a ford, which was often impassable during floods. Matai River Bridge, Matai Valley Road (Waimea County).—The erection of a reinforced-concrete bridge consisting of two 35 ft spans with a 10-ft.-wide roadway has been completed. Moutere Clay Road (Waimea Comity). —New metalling over 64 ch. of this access road has been completed to give all-weather access to residents in the Moutere district. Riwaka to Sandy Bay Road (Waimea County). —During the year the Department carried out widening operations on various sections of this road over a length of 3 m., and also completed light metalling on several lengths over a total distance of 4m. Two bridges, totalling 36 ft. in length and 720 lineal feet of culverting, were completed. Tadmor to Glenhope Road, Kaka to Glenhope Section (Waimea County) .—A commencement has been made with metalling work on an additional 2 in. of this settlement road. Upper Stanley Brook Road Bridge (Waimea County).—The County Council let a contract for this work, which involves the erection of a reinforced-concrete bridge of three 42 ft. spans with a 12 ft. wide roadway, together with the formation and metalling of 11 ch. of approach roading. The work was commenced by the close of the period. Gkeymouth District. Access to Pakihi Ijands, Sergeant's Hill (Buller County).—The Lands Department, in conjunction with the Cawthron Institute, is experimenting with the development of an area of pakihi lands in the vicinity of Sergeant's Hill. Under arrangement with the Buller County Council access roads are being constructed as new land comes under development. During the period under review 2m. 9 ch. of formation work was completed, together with the installation of eleven culverts aggregating 224 ft. in length. On Caroline Terrace Road, which gives access to a part of this block, additional work, involving 55 ch. of formation and metalling and 64 lineal feet of culverting, was carried out. Cascade Road (Buller County).—The construction and metalling of this road to give vehicular access to the Cascade Mine was continued during the year, 54 ch. of formation and 63 ch. of metalling having been completed during the period. Karamea to Collingwood Road (Buller County).—With the assistance of a grant from the Government, the Buller County Council reconditioned an additional 19J miles of the track through the Heaphy Valley to Collingwood, making a total distance of 30 in. now reinstated. On the formed section of the road from Oparara to Kohaihai, the Council metalled a length of 1 m. 5 ch. under the backblocks metalling scheme for the purpose of giving all-weather access to resident settlers. Rough River Bridge, Big River to Rough River Road (Grey and Inangahua Counties). —Work proceeded during the year with the construction of a reinforced-concrete bridge consisting of eleven spans each of 50 ft. Eight spans had been concreted by the close of the period. Craigieburn Creek Bridge (Grey County).—As & result of observations made during a heavy flood it was considered necessary to add two spans to this bridge, which in its original form was completed during the previous year. The additions were completed by the close of the period. Crooked River Valley Road (Grey County). —An additional length of 40 ch. has been formed on this road, and a timber bridge of 55 ft. in length erected over Tube Creek at the commencement of the new work.

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Mitchell's to Haupiri Junction Road (Grey County). —Formation work was carried out on this road in previous years, but it was found necessary during the period under review to install four additional culverts, aggregating 104 ft. in length. Moore Creek Bridge, Big River to Rough River Road (Grey County).—A new bridge of one 30 ft. span was erected over this creek during the year. Waipuna Road (Grey County). —Eleven concrete-pipe culverts totalling 300 ft. in length, were installed on this road during the year. Alexander Mine Road via Snowy River (Inangahua County).—The construction of this road over a total length of 7 m. 40 ch., commenced during the previous period, was carried on during the year to give access to the Alexander Mine. The work is now nearing completion, about 7m. of formation and metalling having been carried out, together with culverting and bridging of small streams. Burke's Creek Bridge, Cannon Road (lnangah.ua County).—A bridge, consisting of one 30 ft. span in reinforced concrete, was erected over Burke's Creek. Lewis Pass Road (Inangahua County).—The work commenced on this important connection to the Canterbury Province was completed during the year. Of the total distance of sm. 40 ch., on one section 2 m. 58 ch. was carried out during the period under review. Maruia River Bridge at Williserofts, Matakitaki to Springlands Junction Road (Inangahua County). —The erection of a substantial new bridge in reinforced concrete and consisting of eight 44 ft. spans is nearing completion. The road on which this new structure is situated now gives an important connection with the new road over the Lewis Pass. Maruia River Road, West Bank (Inangahua County). —A number of Crown settlers on the west bank of the Maruia River will be provided in varying degrees with improved access as the result of the formation of 1 m. of road, together with the erection of a reinforced-concrete bridge over Woolley Creek. Palmer's Road (Inangahua County).—This road, giving access to backblocks settlers, was previously of a narrow and dangerous nature. Widening work was commenced, and about 40 ch. was completed during the period under review. Springlands Junction to Hot Springs Road (Inangahua County). —This length of road actually forms part of the main route over the Lewis Pass to Canterbury, and is being brought up to the same standard as the work already completed on the new road over the pass. Work is in progress at various points over the full length of 9 m. Arahura to Milltown Road (Westland County).—Under arrangement with the County Council a length of 2 m. 20 ch. of this road is being widened and metalled. Gillespie's Beach Road (Westland County).—The formation and metalling of this road, 7 m. 40 ch. in length, is now practically completed, only some small amount of culverting and two minor bridges yet remaining to be done. The new route will give access to Gillespie's Beach, where extensive golddredging operations are in progress, and will also form a tourist access to views on the beach. Gunn Road, Wataroa (Westland County).—The County Council has practically completed the construction of 60 ch. of this settlement road, which gives access to new country in course of development. Main South Road (Westland County).—Work has progressed vigorously during the year with the construction of a substantial new road into south Westland. On the section between Weheka and Bruce Bay, about 32 m., a length of 22 m. of formation and metalling has already been completed. Two new suspension bridges, both in steel with reinforced-concrete decking, one over the Fox River of 360 ft. span and the other over the Cook River of 264 ft. span, have been completed. On the entirely new section of the road between Bruce Bay and the Haast River no great amount of work has yet been done, but the survey is well in hand and construction work should be opened up within the coming year. Surveys are already in hand between the Haast River and Jackson's Bay, and construction work is proceeding northwards from the Jackson's Bay end, where camps, store, canteen, post-office, and workshops have been established. Rotokino Road (Westland County).—The Westland County Council has the construction of 77 ch. of this settlement road well in hand, and also the erection of one small timber bridge. La Fontaine Road (Westland County).—An additional length of 2 m. 30 ch. of this road is being formed and metalled to give access to heavily timbered white-pine country. CHRISTCHUKCH DISTRICT. Little Akaroa to Decanter Bay Road (Akaroa County).—Extensive improvements to 65 ch. of this road are in hand to provide better access to the wharf at Decanter Bay. Lewis Pass Road (Amuri County). —This road, linking Canterbury with the West Coast and Nelson, was officially opened to traffic on the 30th October, 1937. It has been suitably maintained since that date, and work has proceeded with the remainder of the formation work in the way of trimming, &c. The work carried out during the year comprised 2m. of formation with widening and general improvement's ; base-course metalling on the final section of sm. eastward from the Summit, and the completion of an adjacent length of 5 m.; four reinforced-concrete bridges have been erected over small streams on the road, while one structure is yet in hand. There are five smaller bridges to.be built, but the temporary structures over the Hope and the Boyle Rivers, both -of .considerable proportions, are considered sufficiently serviceable for a number of years. Hurunui Valley to Blythe Valley Road (Cheviot County).-—An additional length of .2 m. of new formation was completed during the year, together with culverting, to give road access to five settlers. Rapley's Road (Ellesmere County).—This road' is being metalled over a distance of 1 m. 35"ch. and was not completed by the close of the period. Mount Peel Station to Forest Creek Road (Geraldine County).—Originally constructed to provide access to six small grazing-runs in the upper reaches of the Rangitata Valley, this road now bears a

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very considerable amount of traffic in winter-time as a result of the establishment of a skating and winter sports area near Mount Harper. A length of 10 m. has been graded and reshaped, while 6m. 30 ch. was lightly metalled. It is proposed to improve the remaining length of 12 m. and to complete the metalling, together with two concrete fords during the coming year. Cashmere Stream Bridge, Hoon Hay Road (Halswell County).—A reinforced-concrete bridge has been erected to replace an obsolete wooden structure on this much-used road. Summit Road, Dyer's Pass to Gebbie's Pass (Halswell, Heathcote, Mount Herbert, and Wairewa Counties). —Additional widening, clearing of slips, and the erection of retaining-walls was carried out on this scenic road during the period. Metalling was deferred pending the completion of adjacent main-highway works, but has since been commenced. A considerable amount of widening by the provision of rock retaining-walls is still necessary and is receiving attention. Puhipuhi. Road Bridge (Kaikoura County).^—A timber-truss bridge, 110 ft. long, was erected over the Puhipuhi River to give access to a number of settlers. Formation and metalling of the approaches, 32 ch., was completed. Rockwood Road (Levels County). —2 m. 5 ch. of re-formation and metalling was carried out during the year. Jollie Bridge, Mount Cook Station Road (Mackenzie County). —The superstructure of this bridge was renewed during the period. Wai-a-niwa-niwa River Bridge, Stevenson's Road (Malvern Comity). —A light traffic bridge, 240 ft. long, was erected over this river in betterment of the access to a number of settlers. Lake Coleridge to Lake Lyndon Road (Selwyn County).' —The remaining length of 4 m. 60 ch. on this road was re-formed and metalled and culverts installed wherever necessary over the whole road. The route is now carrying a large amount of traffic due to the erection of the West Coast transmission lines from Lake Coleridge. West Boundary Road (Selwyn County). —Formation and metalling improvements were completed over a distance of 3 m. 16 ch. of this settlement road. Punchbowl Access Bridge (Tawera County). —A footbridge, 100 ft. long, was erected for the Arthur's Pass National Park Board to provide access to the scenic attractions at Arthur's Pass. Lake Sumner Runs Road (Waipara County). —A converted railway-truss bridge of 60 ft. span was erected on concrete abutments over the Seaward River, and 10 ch. of approach roading was formed, metalled, and eulverted. Waitohi River Bridge, Hurunui, Medbury Road (Waipara County).' —A commencement was made with the erection of a new bridge 120 ft. long. Dunedin District. Clutha River Bridge, Clydevale (Bruce County). —The erection of this bridge of seven spans each of 100 ft. was commenced during the year. The structure consists of a reinforced-concrete deck on steel-girder spans supported on concrete piers and piles. The width between wheelguards is 12 ft., except in the centre span, which is being widened to 18 ft. to allow traffic to pass easily in the middle of the bridge. Fair progress was made during the year, four spans being completed, but some delay was experienced in placing the foundations to two piers, which are in rock and required coffer damming. However, these foundations are now completed and the work on the piers is well in hand. Also a contract has been let for the northern approach. Gray's Road (Bruce County). —New formation over 75 ch. to a width of 16 ft., with culverting where necessary, was completed during the year. Lakeside to Stirling Road (Bruce County).—A length of Im. 42 ch. was formed during the period to widths varying between 16 ft. and 24 ft. Culverts were installed where required. Lovells Flat to Kaitangata Road (Bruce County) .—Widening work was carried out in places on this road over a distance of some 3 m., and generally the proposals, as far as they went, are completed with the exception of a bridge over Currie's Creek. This is a structure of 22 ft. span 20 ft. wide, and is well in hand. Bagries Road (Clutha County). —New gravelling was completed over a distance of 68 ch. to give access to a number of settlers and to permit of a rural-mail delivery, &c., being organized. Catlins River Bridge to Tahakopa Beach Road (Clutha County).—lmprovements, consisting principally of drain-construction, were carried out on this road. In addition, widening over some 40 ch. was undertaken and 100 cubic yards of metal placed. Clinton to Purekireki Road (Clutha County).—Metalling-work was completed during the year over a distance of 4m. 59 ch. Catlins River Bridge (Clutha County).—A bridge, 121 ft. in length, was erected over the Catlins River near Tawanui, the material being salvaged from the former Balclutha River Bridge. The approaches also were formed and metalled within the period. Kaihiku Stream Bridge, Clifton Settlement Road (Clutha County).—A new bridge consisting of rolled-steel joists on concrete piers is being erected over this stream. Middle Road (Clutha County) .—New gravelling was carried out on this road over a distance of 1 m. 34 ch. Maiders Road (Clutha County/.-Metalling-work was completed over 60 ch. of this road during the period under review. :Pamahaka Downs to Wairuna Estate Road (Clutha County).—On this-settlement load a length of l.m. TB. ch. was metalled during the year. . Waikoikoi Stream Bridge, Glenshee (Clutha County).-—A bridge in reinforced concrete 12 ft. wide between wheelguards and of a total length of 52 ft. 6 in. was erected over this stream.

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Rewcasile Road (Clutha County).—One section.of 20 ch. on this road, was improved and reconditioned, while an additional length of 66 ch. was re-formed and newly metalled to give access to settled areas. Tahakopa to Wyndham Road (Clutha County).—The formation and metalling of this road was commenced during the year to give an alternative route between the Catlins district and Southland. The formation was substantially completed over a distance of 60 ch., and metalling over a length of 30 ch. was carried out. The total length of the new road will be approximately 11 m. Eastbourne Station Road (Lake County).—A length of 58 ch. on this settlement road was gravelled during the year. Mount Nicholas to Von River Road (Lake County).—New metalling was carried out over a distance of 2 m. 6 ch. on this backblocks road. Lower Shotover to Speargrass Flat Road (Lake County).—A distance of 1 m. 30 ch. was metalled during the year. Becks to Auripo Road (Maniototo County).—New gravelling was completed over a length of 40 ch. on this settlement road. Blackball (LAnburn) Road (Maniototo County).—A distance of 50 ch. was newly gravelled. Huddleston Road (Maniototo County). —In order to give all-weather access to settlers a section of 2 m. 20 ch. of this road was gravelled (.luring the period under review. Maniototo to Patearoa Road (Maniototo County).—A contract covering the gravelling of 80 ch. on this road was well advanced by the close of the period. Spedderis Bridge, Puketoi to Highfield Road (Maniototo County).—A timber bridge damaged some time ago by a flood was replaced by a new structure of 20 ft. span in reinforced concrete. Hogburn River Bridge at Inders (Maniototo County).—The construction of a 20-ft.-span-reinforced-concrete bridge with a 10 ft. roadway, together with 7 ch. of approach roading, was completed during the year. Kyeburn River Bridge (Nobbier), Naseby to Danseys Pass Road (Maniototo County).—A contract was let late in the season for the construction of a reinforced-conc.rete bridge at Nobbler's Crossing to consist of four 45 ft. spans with alO ft. roadway. The actual work is in its early stages. Otakou to Harrington Point Road (Peninsula County).—Sea-walling over 3-J ch. was erected in rock to protect this road from wave action and erosion during heavy seas. Nichols Rock to Boyds Road (Taieri County). —This backblocks road was metalled over a distance of 2 m. 36 ch. to give all-weather access to settled areas. Otokia to Kuri Bush Road (Taieri County).—New gravelling was completed during the year over a distance of 2 m. 37 ch. of this road. Heriot and Roxburgh Road (Tuapeka County).—A deviation 45 ch. long was formed and gravelled at Tonkins Pinch. Beaumont to Rongahere Road (Tuapeka County).—On this road, which is used mostly in the summer, a length of 10 m. of formation was widened. Lake Onslow to Serpentine Road (Tuapeka County). —Improvements by way of trimming were carried out over a total length of 5 m. Hukarere (Spylaw) Road (Tuapeka County).—This is a settlement road giving access to a number of settlers and a Crown grazing-ruii. During the year 2m. was metalled to give all-weather access. Wilden Runs Road (Tuapeka County).—This is another road giving access to Crown grazing-runs, and during the year new gravelling was carried out over a distance of 3 m. 2 ch. Waipori to Outram Road (Tuapeka County).—New metalling was completed over a length of 1 m. 70 ch. Timabum Road (Tuapeka County).—This road is situated in the Teviot Soldiers' Settlement and was metalled during the year over a length of 1 m. 26 ch. to give all-weather access. Clutha River Bridge (Lowburn Ferry), (Vincent County). —This new structure consists of eight 47 ft. spans and two 12 ft. cantilever end spans with a 10 ft.-wide roadway in reinforced concrete. The whole work has been completed with the exception of the approach banks and the dwarf abutments. The bridge replaces the vehicular ferry which had been in operation for many years. Manuherikia River Bridge, Omakau (Vincent Comity).—A reinforced-concrete bridge 324 ft. in length with a 9 ft. roadway has been completed over the Manuherikia River at Omakau. A road Im. long connecting the bridge with the Township of Ophir has also been constructed and metalled. Crawford's and Jocelyn's Roads (Vincent County).—Gravelling over a distance of 2 m. 68 ch. on these roads was completed during the year. Meads to Taylors Track (Vincent County).—s m. of track, 5 ft. wide, has been formed to give access to a large station. Makarora to Haast Pass Road (Vincent County).—This is one of the major works in hand by the Department and will give a connection between the Otago district and the mouth of the Haast River in South Westland, where it will meet the new road now being constructed southwards from Weheka. During the year sm. 50 eh. of formation, 6m. 60 ch. of base-course, and Im. 40.ch. of surface-course metalling,' 2 m. 70 ch. of bush-felling and clearing, and the paving "with concrete of four creek crossings were completed. A reinforced-concrete bridge, 100 ft. in length with 10 ft. roadway, over Cameron's Creek has also been completed, while the piers and abutments for a reinforced-concrete bridge over the Makarora River have been concreted to beam-level, and the falsework for the deck system is well in hand. The Makarora River Bridge will consist, of one 65 ft., two. 60 ft., and two 24 ft. spans, and will have alO ft. roadway. A temporary timber bridge over Fish River has been erected. Approximately one hundred and sixty men have been engaged on the work during the year, but the intention is to proceed with construction during the coming year with a slightly increased complement of men.

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Craig and Switchback Roads (Waihemo County).—With a view to giving improved access to settlers a length of 72 ch. on these two roads was widened. Middlemarch to Nenthorn Road (Waikouaiti County).—New metalling was carried out over a distance of 1 m. 14 ch. Cants Road (Waitaki County). —1 m. 45 ch. of this settlement road was gravelled during the period. Glen Settlement Road ( Waitaki County). —Gravelling was completed on this road over a distance of 1 m. 53 ch. Longslip to Birchwood Road (Waitaki County). —Formation of 4 m., with necessary culverting, together with gravelling, was completed on this settlement road. Moeraki Native Settlement Roads (Waitaki County).—These roads are within the Moeraki Native Settlement, and with a view to improving access conditions generally a length of 2 m. 16 ch. was re-formed and metalled during the year. Invercargill District. Bell Road, Dipton (Southland County). —The improvements carried out on this road during the year comprised 32 ch. of formation, 45 ch. of gravelling, and 40 lineal feet of reinforced-concrete culverting. Clark Road, Wendonside (Southland County). —33 ch. of formation, 31 ch. of gravelling, and 82 lineal feet of culverting was completed. Cross Road, Titipua (Southland County).—New formation and 288 lineal feet of culverting was completed. Curio Bay Road (Southland County).—Re-formation and metalling of 72 ch. was completed during the period to assist in giving access to settlers and to the coast at Curio Bay. Drain Road, Spar Bush (Southland County).—The formation of 1 m. 15 ch., ditching over 16 ch. and gravelling of 74 ch. was completed during the period, together with 224 lineal feet of culverting, Ellis Road, Five Rivers (Southland County). —New gravelling was carried out over a distance, of 51 ch. Endowment Road, Tisbury (Southland County). —One filling and gravelling of 1 m. 10 ch. was completed. Gill Road to Springhills (Southland County).—-11 ch. of formation work, together with 7,000 cubic yards of excavation and 726 lineal feet of culverting, was commenced during the year and was substantially completed by the close of the period. Gold Creek and Hedgehope Stream Bridge (Southland County).—A new bridge of two 20 ft. spans was erected and approaches formed. Gore Aerodrome Access Road (Southland County).—3s ch. of new formation, 16 ft. wide, was completed during the year, together with the erection of one small bridge. Josephville to St. Patricks Road (Southland County). —Formation over 1 m. 30 ch., gravelling over 55 ch., and 100 lineal feet of culverting was completed. Kauana to Benmore Road (Southland County).—Re-formation and gravelling was carried out over a distance of 56 ch. Lora Road (Southland County). —A contract was let for the construction of this road to give access to a number of Crown sections to be opened up by the Department of Lands and Survey. A commencement had been made by the close of the period. McDonald Road, West Dipton (Southland County).—l m. 24 ch. of new formation and 54 lineal feet of culverting was completed. Mill Road, South (Southland County). —New gravelling was carried out over a distance of 47 ch. Miller Road (Southland County). —1 m. 22 ch. of this road was formed and culverted. Mokoreta to Waikawa Road (Southland County).—Re-formation and gravelling, with additional culverts where necessary, was carried out over a distance of 55 ch. Otakarama Stream Bridge, Williams Road (Southland County).—A small reinforced-concrete bridge with a 12 ft. 6 in. roadway was completed, together with 5 ch. of approach roading 20 ft. wide. Proctor Road, Oreti (Southland County). —A length of 49 ch. was reconstructed and newly gravelled. Titipua School Road (Southland County). —Re-formation and gravelling was completed over a distance of 1 m. 66 ch. University Endowment Road (Southland County). —The work completed on this settlement road during the year comprised formation 33 ch., ditching 11 ch., gravelling 1 m. 57 ch., and culverting 100 lineal feet. Waiarikiki Gorge Road (Southland County).—Re-formation and widening was carried out over 33 ch: and metalling over 72 ch. 60 lineal feet of culverts were placed. Waihopai Embankment (Southland County). —The work completed during the year comprised filling. 7,700 cubic yards, turfing 3,885 square yards, fencing 63 ch., and culverting 474 lineal feet. Waikaia to Waikaka Road (Southland County).—Additional work was carried out during the year on this backblocks road, and comprised ditching 14 ch., rock excavation 3,960 cubic yards, clay excavation, 2,040 cubic yards, stone-facing 400 square yards, and culverting 474 lineal feet. Waimea Valley Road, Glenure to Pahiwi Section (Southland County).—Gravelling, of 1 m. 16 ch. was carried put during the year. White Road, Kapuka (Southland County).—General re-formation and drainage work was carried out during the year, together with 78 ch. of new gravelling and 48 lineal feet of additional culverting. Leasks Bay Wharf Road (Stewart Island County).—New formation and gravelling was completed over 3|- ch.

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Leonard Street, Pater son Inlet (Stewart Island County). —New formation work was carried out over a distance of 2 ch. Edginton and Minty Road (Wallace County).—A length of 57 ch. was gravelled during the year. Fryers Road (Wallace County). —New gravelling was carried out over a distance of 53 ch. Harrington's Mill Road (Wallace County).—A distance of 2m. 38 ch. was newly gravelled to give all-weather access. McCallum Road, Calcium (Wallace County).—Formation and gravelling work over a distance of 41 ch. was completed. Merrivale to Te Tua Road (Wallace County). —This is a settlement road on which 1 m. 38 ch. of gravelling was carried out. Mount Nicholas Access Road (Wallace County). —In order to give better access to the large grazingruns adjacent to this road a new bridge, 67 ft. long, has been erected. Pahia to Roundhill Road (Wallace County).-—Gravelling was carried out over a distance of 2 m. 73 ch. Sutherland Road (Wallace County) —This is another settlement road where formation and gravelling work was completed over a distance of 1 m. 53 ch. during the year. Yellow Bluff Road (Wallace County).—New gravelling was completed over a distance of 61 ch. Holly ford to Okuru Road (Lake County). —Construction work on this new road was carried on steadily during the year, and by the close of the period the following work was completed : Bushwork completed to 4m. 0 ch. ; formation completed to 2m. 20 ch. and in hand between 2m. 20 ch. and 2m. 48 ch. ; base-course gravelling completed to 2m. 18 ch. A camp-site has been selected at sm. 14 ch. for work farther ahead, and materials are being taken in. Some one hundred and twentythree men are now employed. LANDS IMPROVEMENT. Whangarei District. Mangrove and Harbour Reclamation (Hokianga Harbour). —Omanaia Area: Temporary repairs were made during the year to a 48 in. flood-gate. Tulloch's Flat No. 11a. : General maintenance-work and restoration of a sea-wall to original dimensions, involving ti-tree fascining and stone protection of exposed portions, was carried out during the year. Rawene Tidal Flat No. 28 : 85 ch. of stop-banking 4 ft. wide on top and 2 ft. 6 in. above the highest spring-tide mark was completed during the year, together with the construction of one 48 in. flood-gate and another 36 in. gate. Sand-dune Reclamation. —Kaitaia Sand-dune : Considerable areas were planted during the year with marram-grass and tree lupin, and in general the operations and results were greatly assisted by favourable climatic conditions. Weaknesses in existing planted areas were strengthened ; marram plantation was extended northwards over an area of 622 acres ; additional plantations were established at Te Kao to protect Native farms, and other planting was carried out to protect access roads to the Ninety-mile Beach at Houhora. The total acreage dealt with during the year was 922. Between Waipapakauri - Beach Road and Ahipara, a distance of 4 m., the first stage in dune afforestation was accomplished by planting approximately 27,400 trees of various species in a strip 3 m. long and I i ch. wide in the lee of the foredune. Other tree-planting consisted of 8,000 trees mainly in a compact area of 9 acres in sheltered localities on dunes already stabilized as a result of work previously carried out. In order to provide more satisfactorily for future supplies of young plants an area of 18 acres of Crown land was secured for a nursery and was cultivated and stocked during the season. Te Kopuru Sand-dune : The drifts between Bayly's Beach and a point opposite Tikinui, a length of about 161 m. of coast-line, have been receiving attention over a period of several years and are now completely stabilized. During the period under review 356 acres of marram-grass and 332 acres of lupin-seed were planted. About two-thirds of the work was in connection with the three most southern drifts, but the general intention of the whole was the strengthening of weaknesses in existing plantations. As at Kaitaia, very good results have been obtained. Tree-planting also received attention in this area, and various species were planted in the most sheltered localities over about 18 acres. The existing nursery was sufficiently stocked for the coming season, after which it is to be abandoned and replaced by one in a more suitable and central locality. Ruakaka Sand-dune : Not a great deal of new work was done on these dunes during the year, but attention was given to strengthening planted areas over a distance of about 6J m. Water-supply Schemes. —Motuti Water-supply : The whole of this scheme, involving the provision of a water-supply in the Motuti Native Settlement, has been completed, together with authorized extensions. The laying of the secondary main from Motuti Road to Guest's Road over a distance of 88 ch., involving 90 ch. of reticulation to Native properties, was also carried out during the year, while the existing reticulation eastwards of the Motuti School and church was extended by 60 ch. Dargaville Borough and Hobson and Otamatea Counties Water-supply: A detailed engineering survey has been made of a proposal to reticulate water in these areas, comprising the Dargaville Borough and 50,300 acres of rural land, which includes some 24,000 acres of first-class dairying country in and adjacent to the Ruawai Flats. Possibfc present and future demands were studied and several schemes were examined in detail. Land Drainage. —Ruawai Flats : An engineering survey has been commenced with a view to the preparation of a comprehensive scheme of drainage improvements on this reclaimed area of some

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20,000 acres. A Gurley water-level recorder has been installed on the Wairoa River at Ruawai Wharf for the purpose of collecting data as to the tide-levels, and the preparation of plans and a general study of the scheme will be assisted greatly as a result of an aerial survey which has been made. Auckland District. Te Kawa Drainage Scheme. —Drainage-work under this scheme was completed in August, 1937, and handed over to the Te Kawa Drainage Board for control. Various factors operated to prolong the duration of the work ; a considerable amount of wet weather was experienced, and employees were taken from the job from time to time to supply farm labour at a time when water in the drains was lowest. However, the work has proved satisfactory and, despite some heavy rains experienced, the completed drains were entirely free from flooding. During the period 2m. 20 ch. of drains were widened and deepened, while the total length attended to from the commencement totalled 17 m. 64| ch. Paewhenua Drainage Scheme. —This scheme, which is for the purpose of draining an area of approximately 2,133 acres already under settlement, has been completed, and during the year general attention was given before handing it over to the Otorohanga County Council. Waihou and Ohinemuri Rivers Improvement (Maintenance). —The flood waterways on both these rivers have been kept clear of obstructions, and the important flood-gates have been overhauled and all necessary repairs carried out. The river-channel near the Puke Wharf was dredged, to its general improvement. Waitoa River (Clearing).—Satisfactory progress has been made during the year with the pulling and burning of willows and the clearing of berms. Both, banks were cleared for 29 m. and the riverchannel for 31 m. This work is now nearly finished and has resulted in generally improved conditions during floods. Waipa River and Tributaries (Clearing).—This is a major work involving the clearing of approximately 200 m. of waterways. Some camp accommodation has been prepared, but no serious work has been undertaken as the scheme has not yet been finalized. Hoteo River and Tributaries (Willow-clearing).—This scheme was put into operation during the year and consists of the removal of willows over a distance of 40 m. The willow-growth is thickly matted and serious floods occur in the area. Satisfactory progress has been made during the period ; topping and clearing of debris has been completed over a length of 6 m., 3 m. 60 ch. has been cleared of stumps and roots, and all trees, &c., removed from the stream burned for a distance of 1 m. 40 ch. Taupiri Drainage Scheme. —The work outlined in last year's programme has been extended to cover a total length of 132 m. 71 ch. of watercourses, and during the year a further 52 m. 46 ch. was handed over to the Taupiri Drainage Board after final attention. Four machines worked for one month, two for one month, and one for ten months excavating 62,323 cubic yards, or approximately 3,895 cubic yards per machine per month. During the year 11 m. 20 ch. of drains were dealt with, and the remaining work covers a length of 6m. 26 ch. Other work completed consists of 90 ch. of fencing and 32 ft. of bridging. Sand-dune Reclamation.—South Kaipara Heads : During the year an area of 660 acres was planted in marram-grass, which is making satisfactory progress. A considerable quantity of lupin-seed was collected and sown, the young lupins showing up well, while the older planting of marram has a good covering of lupin. The area has been well maintained and is in excellent order, the favourable season being conducive to good growth in both marram-grass and lupin. Woodhill-Muriwai-Helensville : General conditions during the year proved favourable, resulting in a good growth of marram-grass, lupin and trees. The latter, generally, are doing well, although some loss has occurred through the depredations of rabbits. Continual poisoning is necessary to keep this pest in check. During the period 230,000 trees were planted out, while 120,000 seedlings were lined out in the nursery. Caterpillars caused some loss among the seedlings. In addition, 300 acres of new marram-grass were planted and 200 acres replanted, the total area planted to date being 9,000 acres. Six tons of lupin-seed were gathered during the season, of which 3 tons have been sown. 3m. 43 ch. of standard fencing was erected and 2m. of foredune fencing rebuilt. The condition of the planted area is, generally, very satisfactory. Pakiri and Te Arai Areas : The nurseries already established have been well maintained and are in good order. Thirty acres of extensions have been planted and 25 acres of existing nurseries replanted. The marram-grass is bunching out well and there are good prospects of obtaining future supplies of plants. North Waikato Heads and Kariotahi: Reclamation work has been further extended by a vigorous programme of operations during the past year. Five hundred and two acres of marramgrass and 131 acres mixed species of pine-trees were planted, and 600 acres sown with lupin-seed. Two hundred miles of new lines were cleared through the lupins ready for tree-planting, and 800 miles of lines already planted were gone over and excess growth cut back. Sixty-two chains of boundary fences, 18 ch. of sand-arresting fence, and 45 ch. of brush fences around the nurseries were completed. At No. 1 camp twenty-two tents and a cookhouse, at No. 3 camp a cookhouse, meeting-room, washhouse, and conveniences (with septic tank), twenty huts, water-supply, and 15 ch. access road, and at No. 2 camp a house for the officer in charge, a hutment for the Foreman, and two workmen's huts, were all completed during the year. Reclamation work to date totals 4,040 acres of marram-grass, 1,680 acres in lupins, and 406 acres in trees, whilst 92 ch. of sand-arresting and 172 ch. boundary fences have been erected. Taumarunui District. Mokau River (Willow-clearing). —The ring-barking and poisoning of willows on the Mokau River has now been completed from the Mapiu Stream for a further distance of 3 m., leaving 2 m. still to be completed. Poisoned willows will be cut and hauled this coming season.

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Mokauiti Willow-clearing.—Four miles of willows previously poisoned on the Mangawhero and Huiteko Streams have been cut, hauled, and stacked. A distance of Im. 40 ch. has been similarly treated on the Mokauiti Stream, leaving 1 m. to be undertaken to complete the programme. Wanganui River (Willow-clearing). —Over a length of 1 m. all willows on the banks and on the islands between, across the proposed width of flood channels, have been cut; of this distance, 75 ch. has been stripped and poisoned. Ohura River (Willow-clearing).—Over a length of 5 m. retreatment of willows and poisoning of seedlings was carried out. Mixtures of varying strengths were applied at different periods of the year for experimental purposes, the result of which will not be known until next summer. Napier District. Kumeti Drain. —Thorburn's Bridge and Protective Works : The decking, which is of hardwood, and the hand-rails were added to complete Thorburn's Bridge which spans the new concrete chute. It has a length of 29 ft. and a deck width of 12 ft. In Section 7, upstream from Thorburn's Bridge, 1,712 cubic yards (loose measurement) of spoil was excavated from the creek-bed to complete a stopbank 10 ch. on the south side of the creek and another 8 ch. long on the north side. These stop-banks are up to 6 ft. in height and converge on a stone-and-netting weir 6J ch. above Thorburn's Bridge. Three hundred cubic .yards of spoil was excavated for the second weir above Thorburn's Bridge at a distance of 6J ch. upstream from the bridge. Two hundred and twenty-two cubic yards of stone and netting gabion work was used to construct this weir, which is 35 ft. wide oil the crest and 5 ft. high from the top of the mat to the crest. The crest steps and mat of the weir were concreted to protect the wire from wear. Two groynes requiring 75 cubic yards of stone and netting work were put in below Thorburn's Bridge to prevent lateral erosion. Six hundred poplar-trees were planted along the toes of the stop-banks in Section 7. Ordinary maintenance-work on the system of stone-and-netting weirs in Kumeti Drain proper involved the addition of a mat 10 ft. wide to No. 1 weir at the lower end of the drain and the extending and raising of the end contraction gabions of a number of other weirs. Ngaruroro River-control Scheme. —This scheme was continued and work proceeded without interruption until 25th January, 1938, when a heavy flood occurred and was followed by others on 19th February, 25th April, and 2nd May. Wet conditions prevailed over this period and little progress could be made. Flood damage was confined to short lengths of newly built levee on which no grass or vegetation had grown, but the aggregate loss was comparatively heavy. The channel of the river was widened and generally improved by the floods, but in places erosion threatened the levees, and protection work had to be done. The work completed during the period comprised 9m. 40 ch. of levees built to grade height, 4m. 60 ch. on each side of the river. On the overflow 4m. of levees have been built to a reduced level. 4m. 40 ch. of drains have been excavated in the Puninga Swamp Area, the total quantity of earth removed was 379,116 cubic yards, of which 249,057 yards were put on the river levees, 8,232 yards excavated from drains and not put on levees, and 50,943 yards replaced in repairs following the floods. Fencing has been completed on both sides of the levees, an eight-wire fence on the boundary and a three-wire fence on the river side of the protective belt ; altogether sm. 20 ch. of eight-wire and 7m. 40 ch. of three-wire fence has been erected. Four mile? of protective belts have been planted. Tutaekuri River-control Scheme. —As reported last year, this work was nearing completion and little new work has been carried out in the period under review. In July, 1937, the gap where the river flowed into the Waitangi Stream and out to sea was closed and the new outlet under the Waitangi Washout Bridge was made, work at this stage being difficult and at times carried out in the water and generally under very wet conditions. The scheme has been a complete success so far, the banks having withstood all floods and the outlet proving satisfactory. Two heavy floods —one at the end of January and the other at the end of February —did no damage, but scoured a very good channel straight out to sea. The estimated discharge in the January flood was 60,000 cusecs, but the channel was not overtaxed after the mouth opened, and the flood-waters were rapidly discharged. Later, on 25th April, an exceptionally heavy flood was experienced, and over a period of three days the rainfall in the Tutaekuri Drainage Area was : Mangaone Valley, 17-1 in. ; Te Pohue, 19-45 in. ; Puketitiri, 39-4 in. ; Rissington, 19-30 in. This flood is considered to be the heaviest which has occurred since 1897, and rose to within 3 ft. 6 in. of the levees near the Waitangi Washout Bridge. At this point the bed of the river scoured down 40 ft. from the original level over a width of some 50 ft. to 60 ft. and caused serious damage to three piers. The Mangaone River, a tributary of the Tutaekuri River, was measured at Rissington, and for a drainage area of 81 square miles the run-off was 39,200 cusecs. The estimated discharge near the mouth of the Tutaekuri River for this great flood was 74,000 cusecs. During the year the groyne on the north bank at the mouth was completed and has acted in a very efficient manner. The Bay City excavator has widened and deepened the channel above the bridge, with the result that the water-level in the channel higher up was lowered .1 ft. Wellington District. Hokio-Manawatu Rivers (Sand-dunes Reclamation). —The reclamation work in this vicinity has progressed satisfactorily during the period. The main activities consisted of planting marram-grass over 170 acres and sowing lupin-seed and planting out trees over an additional area of 200 acres. Additional land, totalling 325 acres, has been acquired and is to be reclaimed similarly. Hutt River Estuary (Reclamation). —An additional 485,894 cubic yards of spoil has been excavated and dumped on the reclamation, giving an area of 48-5 acres of new land. With the work carried out last year the reclaimed area now covers 74-5 acres,

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Paraparaumu Camp. Beach Road.—The workmen who have been retained in this camp since the last period have made further satisfactory progress with the drainage, clearing, and stumping of farm lands in the vicinity. Nelson District. Awatere Water-supply to Seddon District.—Proposals prepared by the Awatere County Council in connection with a water-supply for Seddon and the adjacent district were approved, and work commenced during the year under a contract let by the County Council. Picton Foreshore (Reclamation). —The Picton Borough Council submitted proposals having as their object the reclamation of approximately 1 acre on the foreshore of Picton Harbour. These were approved, and the work was completed during the period. This scheme was designed to beautify the foreshore and to provide increased recreational facilities for visitors to this popular summer resort. Wai-iti River (Protective Works). —During the year repairs to the Wai-iti River stop-bank in Waimea West were carried out by the farmers concerned with the assistance of Government grants made to the Waimea County Council. The work which has been done will assist in protecting the Waimea West Road as well as the adjacent farm lands, and will ultimately form part of a major scheme of stop-banking which is now being fully investigated. Wairoa River, Brightwater (Protective Works.) —During the year a detailed investigation and survey was made in connection with protective measures in this river. Most of the plans have been completed and the necessary stop-banking located. Greymouth District. Karamea River (Flood-control). —Good progress was made during the year with the large floodcontrol scheme which has been about half completed. The operations carried out during the period comprised : Trestle work, 4,800 lineal feet; stone training-wall, 27,711 tons ; stop-banking, 134 ch., containing 37,000 cubic yards ; and fencing, 141 ch. The following plant was obtained during the year to facilitate progress : One 3-ton crane, one Diesel locomotive, one tractor, one Diesel excavator, and one Diesel winch. Oparara River (Control). —The control and improvement of this river is to be undertaken in conjunction with the Karamea River control works, and it is proposed to construct a timber trainingwall and stop-bank early in the coming period. Ngakawau River, Hector Township. —A large stone groyne was constructed at the mouth of the Ngakawau River to prevent sea erosion, which was endangering the Hector Township, together with nearby road and rail communications. Christchurch District. Ashburton and Hinds Rivers. —Additional survey information was obtained during the year in connection with proposed flood-control measures in these two rivers. Ashley River Trust (Flood-control Works). —Construction work on this river-improvement scheme has now been almost completed. The work carried out during the period under review comprised : — Excavation : On the north bank 28 ch. of groynes and stop-banks have been built or raised, representing a quantity of 24,670 cubic yards. On the south bank sm. 60 ch. of groynes and stopbanks have been built or raised, representing a quantity of 109,556 cubic yards. Total quantity excavated is therefore 134,226 cubic yards. Gabion Heads : A total of 1,898 cubic yards of stone gabion work has been placed at the channel ends of groynes as protection against erosion. Willow-planting : A further 80 acres have been planted with willows, which are all showing good growth. Cuttings are now all planted in holes or trenches, which have been sunk right down to permanent moisture. Only 18 in. or 2 ft. in the bottom of the hole is filled in again. While this method takes longer than shallow planting, it has been found by experience to be the only one which will ensure a reasonable number of newly-planted cuttings surviving, the dry autumns usually experienced in this district. Clearing of Control Channel : Traction engines are employed to remove all trees from the control channel and thus ensure an effective waterway. The trees are uprooted bodily. The useful portions are corded for firewood and the remainder is burnt. By this means 263 acres have been cleared. Sowing of Grass-seed : All banks and groynes are sown with a good mixture of grass-seed to assist consolidation and reduce lateral erosion. In practically every case a very good strike has been obtained. During the period 20 acres have been sown. Culverts : Three concrete-pipe culverts have been installed with flood gates or valves to carry surface water from adjoining country under the bank. Stony Stream : During flood-time this stream has always carried a large amount of shingle and debris. Formerly this was trapped by a lagoon. In the process of time, however, this lagoon had filled and the floods were diverted on to adjoining farm land, which was threatened with ruination on account of swamping and the deposition of shingle. To prevent this the channel and stop-bank system was extended 4 ch., involving an excavation of 561 cubic yards. Avon River Protection, Bexley. —A stone wall was built on the Avon River at Bexley to prevent the erosion of the river-banks. Little Rakaia Culverts. —The first of two culverts has been constructed to allow the banked-up waters from the Little Rakaia Creek to pass through the shingle bank to the sea. Little River Township. —A flood-control survey of the rivers for 4 m. above the township has been carried out, and the design of a comprehensive scheme is being prepared. McKenzie Estate, Woodbury.—loo ch. of drains have been excavated.

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North New Brighton Sand-dune Reclamation. —The Christchurch City Council is erecting scrub fences and planting marram-grass to reclaim a large area of sand-dune country with a view to extension of the Council's afforestation work. SMALL-FARMS SCHEMES. Whangabei District. Otaneroa Block. —Considerable development work was carried out on this block during the year, and comprised bush clearing, burning, and grassing of 40 acres, 60 ch. of fencing, and the application of 26 tons of fertilizer. Two new cottages were erected and one was completely renovated, while one new dairy is being built. Live-stock, consisting of 150 head of cattle and 400 ewes, were grazed during the year. Onekura Block. —Repairs and renovations to the original homestead were carried out during the period. Additions and alterations were Completed on one cottage and commenced on another, while repairs in the water-supply main have been given attention. Tutamoe Block.—During the year settlers erected 51 ch. of boundary fencing, and repairs and renovations were carried out on three new cottages, and two new dwellings were erected. One standard two-bail dairy has been built. Auckland Disteict. Mangawai Kauri-gum Reserve. —Good progress has been made during the year with the continued development of this block. In addition to roading, which has been reported elsewhere, 263 acres were cleared of scrub ; gum-holes were filled in and moulds levelled over an area of approximately 100 acres ; 100 acres were ploughed, and this area is now in permanent pasture; 105 acres were worked up and sown in grass. The main drain through the block, which is 18 ft. by 15 ft., has been deepened 6 ft. over a length of 1 m. 13 ch. ; 3 m. 36 ch. of interior drains, averaging 3 ft. by 3 ft. 6 in., were excavated, and 6m. 18 ch. of standard and 3m. of temporary fencing erected. Two hundred and two head of stock are now on the block. Kaipara Harbour Mangrove Reclamation (Glorit Section), (Peterson's Block). —The reclamation of this block, embracing 730 acres, has been continued during the year. Im. 30 ch. of road was formed and metalled, and one 25-ft.-span timber bridge constructed, this work completing the roading of the block. The stop-bank has been planted with buffalo-grass, which is now well established. Four hundred acres have been cleared and stumped, and of this area 300 acres have been burnt off ready for cultivation. All boundary and lateral drains are in good order and are functioning well. Kaipara Harbour Mangrove Flat Reclamation (Kukutango Block). —The de-watering of this block has been in progress during the period. The main drain has been excavated and the necessary stopbanking almost finished. De-watering is expected to be completed shortly. Seventy-eight chains of access road have been formed and metalled. Blocks V, VI, and IX, Maungatautari Survey District (Ellicott's Block). —The development of this block of 2,900 acres was continued until the end of January last, after which the Lands and Survey Department took over control. In addition to maintaining the farming operations of the area previously developed and stocked, a further 40 acres were ploughed and 10 acres reploughed, 130 acres were permanently grassed, 1,060 acres harrowed and top-dressed, 151 acres cleared of scrub and fern, and ragwort dealt with over 66 acres ; 8 m. 3 ch. of new fences erected ; 25 acres sown in swedes and rape ; 337 acres cultivated ; 82 acres of hay cut and harvested ; 60 acres of ensilage cut; 4,000 pine-trees planted and 5,000 planted in nursery. Fencing materials were cut and split as follows : Posts, 18,275 ; strainers, 2,335; stays, 2,029; battens, 124,250 ; stock-yard rails, 104; houseblocks, 5,161 Ift. to 2 ft. ; survey pegs, 2,120. One permanent cattle-yard was erected during the period. Section 255, Blocks XI and XV, Maungatautari Survey District (late Property of W. L. Foss). — This block was also taken over by the Lands and Survey Department at the end of January last, and previous to that date good progress was made with the development of the property of 438 acres. During the period 66 acres of ragwort were dealt with, 16 acres of scrub cut and cleared, 15 acres ploughed, 38 acres reploughed, 150 acres cultivated, 38 acres sown in swedes and rape, and 9 acres in permanent grass ; Im. 53§ ch. of permanent fences were erected, 54 acres of pastures harrowed and top-dressed, 14 acres of hay harvested ; boring for water-supply was carried 67 ft. to 307 ft., 80 ch. of pipes were laid, and tanks erected. One permanent sheep-yard was constructed. Lot 2of Section 1, Block XV, Maungatautari Survey District (late L. S. Langdon's Property).— The work of developing this block of 456 acres was continued until the end of September, 1937, when it was handed over to the Lands and Survey Department. Prior to that date 42 acres of ragwort were dealt with, 14 acres of scrub cleared and stumped, 18f acres ploughed, 23 acres reploughed, 160 acres cultivated, 37J acres sown in swedes and rape, 1 m. 67|ch. of rabbit-proof fences erected, 27 acres permanently grassed, 49 acres of pastures harrowed and top-dressed, and 15 acres of hay harvested. In addition, 272 ft. of boring for water-supply was carried out, 73 ft. of pipes laid and tanks erected, and one permanent sheep-yard constructed. Section 8, Block VII, Wharepapa Survey District (late P. Anderson's Property).—The Lands and Survey Department took over this block at the end of September, 1937, and, in addition to that previously undertaken, the following development work was carried out during the period : 9J acres of scrub cut and lightly stumped, 2 acres ploughed, 4 acres reploughed, 11 ch. of permanent fences erected, 55 ch. of fences renewed and repaired, and 8 acres of pastures harrowed and top-dressed. In addition, two farm bridges were constructed.

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Taumarunui District. Ngatamahine Block. —The developmental work carried out during the season comprised 24 m. 70 ch. of fencing, 600 acres laid down in permanent pasture, 127 acres ploughed, 60 acres of scrub cleared, and 67 ch. of shelter-belts planted. Drainage work was continued, and a distance of 9m. 6 ch. was completed. Pururu Block.—Developmental work on this block has now reached an advanced stage, the main items for the year being 126 acres of cropping and 218 acres cleared and sown down in new grass. The access road was extended a distance of 15 ch., while permanent fencing was erected over 7 m. 40 ch., and main drains excavated over 68 ch. Piu Block. —Work on this scheme has been continued during the year, and the results for the period comprised 6m. 17 ch. of permanent fencing ; 260 acres cleared, of which 182 acres has been sown in grass ; and 150 acres of land under cultivation. 2m. 40 ch. of main drains, 2m. 35 ch. of road formation, and Im. 35 ch. of road metalling has also been completed. Some'2o,ooo battens were split on this block for use in fencing. General. —In the Waitomo County Lees Block, Owen Block, Waitanguru Block, O'Keefe's Block, Puketutu Block, and Patoto, and in the Otorohanga County Larsen's Block, Cruickshank's Block, and Hill's Block were handed over to the Lands and Survey Department, Lands Development Branch, for future administration and management. Napier District. Ahuriri Lagoon Reclamation and Small Farms Scheme.—The reclamation of the Ahuriri Lagoon, comprising an area of some 7,500 acres, was continued during the year on behalf of the Small Farms Board. As reported in previous years, this lagoon was formerly a shallow arm of the sea which was raised considerably and partly drained by the severe and disastrous earthquake in 1931. As a result of the opportunity taken to bring this land under cultivation some 6,000 acres will be brought into productivity practically alongside the progressive Borough of Napier, and it is evident that in this respect the block possesses a very great potential value. The work was commenced in 1934 and, as far as engineering and construction operations are concerned, is now nearing completion. The main items yet to receive attention are the topping of the contour stop-bank and the metalling of necessary access roads, and these will be disposed of during the coming year. The actual completion of the scheme will be considerably delayed by reason of the disastrous flood which occurred in the district on the 23rd April, 1938. In places where they had not been brought up to full height the stop-banks were breached by water from the contour channels, and the overflow from the Esk River also helped to flood the block to a width of from 4 ft. to 5 ft. Damage to drains and roads was comparatively slight, and the worst effect of the flood is the delay which will be caused by the inundation of the land. On the other hand, the elimination of the surplus salt from the soil will be assisted considerably by the large volume of fresh water which lay on the area for some few days, and in this respect the flood cannot be considered to have been of an entirely damaging nature so far as this scheme is concerned. IMPROVEMENTS TO SCHOOL-SITES. Considerable progress was made during the last financial year in carrying out improvements to school-sites. The preparation of schemes and the supervision of the works are in the hands of officers of this Department. The cost of labour is provided by the Labour Department out of the Unemployment Promotion Fund, and the cost of materials is met by the Education Department. During the period September, .1937, to March, 1938, some five hundred men were engaged in this work. Early this year Education Boards and secondary and technical School Boards were asked to submit particulars of further proposals considered desirable for the improvement of school playing areas. These were referred to this Department for the preparation of estimates, and are being put in hand as rapidly as the necessary arrangements can be made. Approximately six hundred men were engaged in work that will result in a permanent improvement to many school-sites previously regarded as unsuitable for recreation purposes. The expenditure on this work, including labour and material, has been as follows : — £ Year ended 31st March, 1937 .. .. .. .. .. 18,463 Year ended 31st March, 1938 .. .. .. .. .. 82,268 Quarter ended 30th June, 1938 .. .. .. .. .. 38,675 HARBOUR-WORKS. Awanui Harbour. —Siltation of the upper tidal reaches of the Awanui River was seriously interfering with navigation, and to enable shallow-draught vessels to regularly work the tides dredgingwork was carried out with a Sauermann slack-line cableway excavator. Altogether some 13,500 cubic yards of silt was removed, and this improvement enables vessels to maintain regular sailings without difficulty.

5—D. 1.

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Mangonui Wharf. —The contract for this reinforced-concrete structure was almost completed during the year, the principal unfinished item being the wharf shed. The wharf is L shaped, the approach being 100 ft. long and the wharf 45 ft. wide by 100 ft. long. The wharf shed is approximately 60 ft. by 30 ft., with cool-store 20 ft. by 10 ft. in one corner and a small office in the other corner. Whangaparapara Wharf. —This wharf, consisting of a jetty 80 ft. long and a tee 15 ft. by 53 ft. with a shed 12 ft. by 18 ft., crane and landing-steps, has been completed. The depth of water at face of tee at low water is 8 ft. Waikokopu Harbour.—The operations at this harbour have been carried out by the Wairoa Harbour Board on behalf of this Department. During the year 102 vessels worked the port and handled 5,376 tons of general cargo, 91,749 square feet of timber, 9,142 sleepers, and 124 hardwood poles. In addition, eleven overseas vessels worked the port and lifted 4,481 quarters of beef, 134,040 carcasses of mutton and lamb, 4,369 carcasses of pork, 6,972 packages of sundries, 886 bales of wool, 199 bags of hides, 20 casks pelts, 3,161 carcasses of boneless beef, and 187 tons of general cargo. Ordinary maintenance has been carried out to wharf and buildings. An examination of the wharfpiles has been carried out, and several piles were found due for replacement. New piles are to be driven as soon as the necessary equipment is available. Waitaria Bay Wharf. —General repairs were carried out to this wharf during the year. Portage Wharf. —General repairs were carried out during the period. Hicks Bay. —A report has been prepared on a proposal to extend this wharf. Little Wanganui Harbour. —The decking of the wharf was entirely renewed and, in addition, some snagging was done on the river fairway. Plans have also been prepared for wharf-extension. Karamea Harbour.—Renovations and repairs were carried out to the Harbourmaster's cottage. The river-control works are well in hand and are likely to ultimately reopen the harbour. Hokitika Harbour.—A scheme was prepared after survey for renewal of portion of the south training-wall, using concrete blocks, but no work was carried out. Okarito Harbour.—The lagoon-mouth has been diverted to the designed position south of the newly-constructed training-wall, but the channel has not been workable to the wharf owing to shoaling. Repairs have been carried out to the wharf, and skidways to hold 220,000 superficial feet of timber have been constructed. Jackson's Bay. —During the year a survey and preparations for a wharf and access thereto were carried out. Bruce Bay Landing. —The enlargement of the goods-shed at the Flower Pot Landing is in hand. Westport Harbour.—Generally speaking, the working draught of vessels using the Port of Westport is governed by the minimum depths which from time to time obtain at the entrance, or, in other words, on the bar at the mouth of the Buller River. At the end of the previous financial year the mean depth over the usually reckoned area of 1,100 ft. by 600 ft. was 15 ft. at L.W.0.5.T., which was a little better than at the commencement of the year. The least or minimum depth at the close of the same year was 10 ft. 9 in. also at L.W.0.5.T., which also was a little better than at the beginning of the year. During the first month in this past year, although at one stage better bar-depths were recorded, the extreme least depth and the average of mean depths for the month fell a little from those existing at the close of the previous year (as quoted above), being 10 ft. 6 in. and 14 ft. 2 in. respectively. For the next six months the depths fluctuated, but by December an excellent state at the entrance was gained, with a least depth of 14 ft. 6 in. and a mean depth of 16 ft. 3 in. Unfortunately, this good state was not maintained, and at the close of the period the poorest depths during the year, both least and average, were recorded —viz., 9 ft. 3 in. and 12 ft. 8 in. respectively. During the last year the average working depth on the bar at high water was 22 ft. 3 in., which is not as good as the 22 ft. 8 in. for the preceding year, yet still much better than the 20 ft. 10 in. and 20 ft. recorded for the respective years previous again. The average working depth over the year in the river—i.e., from the wharves to the bar—at high water was 23 ft. 10 in., as against 24 ft. 6 in. for 1936-37, 23 ft. 6 in. for 1935-36, and 24 ft. for 1934-35. At the close of the year the average was 22 ft. 5 in., as against 24 ft. 9 in. at the beginning of the year. Comparative soundings taken in October and March indicate that from the lower beacon to the old flagstaff the river has shoaled about 9 in., but that from the latter point to past the gauge clock the shoaling was about 4 ft. Some 63,000 cubic yards of dredgings were lifted from the river by the " Eileen Ward," mainly between June and November, as against some 216,000 during 1936-37. Dredging operations were again confined to the drag-suction dredger " Eileen Ward," though, due to overhaul and repairs, the vessel worked during seven months of the year only. During such seven months, however, the dredging performance was relatively good, some 240,000 cubic yards of material being lifted from the bar, as against 268,000 cubic yards during the previous year. The dredger went to Wellington in May on annual overhaul and did not recommence dredging until late in June. The vessel went out of commission again on the occasion of the Christmas and New Year holidays, and was then subject to annual survey again, when, as a result of defective rivets being found in the boilers, the vessel was towed to Wellington for major repairs, and at the close of the year the " Ruby Seddon," a smaller dredger of similar type which had been laid up for some years, was being prepared for recommissioning. Owing to the length of time which the " Eileen Ward " was out of commission due to repairs and overhaul generally, the total amount of dredging of all classes carried out was only 384,320 cubic yards, as against 535,105 cubic yards during the previous year, but I would point out that the dredger was not docked during last year and consequently more extensive work had to be carried out during this period, which accounts for the somewhat unfavourable comparison in dredging returns.

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The trade of the port shows a considerable improvement over the last period, the total inward tonnage being 288,621, as against 257,506 for 1936-37, while the export of coal increased from 345,507 tons to 425,778 tons. All plant and buildings have been well maintained during the period. Rain fell on 168 days, and 68-35 in. were recorded on the harbour gauge, figures which are well below the average for the previous six years. Installation of electric light at the main beacons, signal-stations, and the two signalmen's cottages, reticulation for which was in hand at the close of the previous year, was completed early in the year. The work involved erection of 3A miles of transmission line, nearly three miles of which is high tension line. Later in the year the gas"flashing Port light at the signal station was replaced with an electric flashing light. Also electric morse signalling lamp was installed which is usable during the day for signalling to ships off' the port in lieu of the old system of flag-signalling. Electric lights were also installed in the Harbourmaster's Office. The railway-line to the Cape and the branch line from the Te Kuha main line into Organ's Island has been thoroughly overhauled in readiness for the conveyance of stone from the Cape Foulwind Quarry to the west breakwater and Organ's Island protective work, a large number of the old sleepers having to be renewed and a considerable amount of work having to be carried out to bring the line into suitable condition again. The reconstruction of the bridge across to Organ's Island was almost complete at the close of the period. In this work the existing piers of nine old spans were strengthened with two extra piles per pier and old hardwood stringers placed. Fifteen new 22 ft. spans were erected. At the quarry itself thirty trucks were reconditioned, the cranes overhauled, and the plant generally is now in readiness for an immediate start, and the quarry-face has been cleaned up. Lighthouses. Cape Maria Van Diemen. —The reconditioning and improving of the tram-line access, together with the installation of two power-operated winches, has been completed. Timber and ironwork for a new landing-crane has been delivered and is being fabricated in Auckland, and this will be erected shortly. Material is also being delivered in connection with the reconditioning of the ropeway connecting the island with the mainland. Investigations were carried out in connection with the removal of the lighthouse to an alternative site. This was considered in conjunction with a proposal to provide for a radio-beacon station, and preliminary surveys for this purpose were carried out on the mainland at Cape Reinga. The proposals provide for the complete reconstruction of the watched light at Reinga, together with the provision of an automatic light on the mainland adjacent to Cape Maria. The provision of a new station would involve the construction of a new tower, power-house accommodation, water-supply, together with approximately 10 miles of access road from Te Paki. North Cape—A platform was constructed at the top of the cable-way for the purpose of improving the operation of the cable-way equipment. Cuvier Island. —The tram-lines were reconditioned during the year and a power-operated winch was installed. Investigations were carried out in connection with the proposal to electrify the light and provide a radio beacon. Plans are in hand in connection with the power-house, and the electrical equipment is on order. Ponui. —Plans for the renewal of the lighthouse have been finalized. The new tower has been fabricated, and the erection of the structure will be undertaken as soon as the remainder of the material is delivered. Moko Hinau.—During the year repairs were carried out to the tram-line and a power-winch was installed. Investigations were carried out in connection with the proposal to electrify the light and install a radio beacon. Plans of the power-station are in hand, and electrical equipment is on order. Tiri Tiri. —Investigations have been carried out in connection with the proposal to connect the electrical apparatus with the system on the mainland. Flat Rock.—Hand-rail guards were erected during the year. Chicken Island— The installation of the cable-way, together with the installation of a power-winch, was completed during the period. Baring Head. —The radio-beacon towers have been erected. The radio equipment has been installed by the Post and Telegraph Department, and the beacon put into operation. Alterations to the keepers' cottages are in hand. Stephens Island. —An engineering survey has been made for the purpose of installing a new powerhouse and radio beacon. The power-house has been designed, and all machinery and steel masts ordered. The necessary building will proceed immediately. Cape Campbell.—The erection of power-house, 24 ft. by 25 ft., comprising power-house, fuel-store, and battery-room, has been completed. The building is a wooden-frame structure with corrugatediron roof and exterior walls, and is located close to the Cape Campbell Lighthouse. Arrangements are well forward for the installation of the machinery. Separation Point. —A survey in connection with the installation of a light at Separation Point and access from the foreshore has been carried out. Action to purchase the light equipment is in hand. Cape Saunders.—The painting of the lighthouse was completed during the year. Moeraki. —Renovations and repairs were carried out during the period. Centre Island. —Plans and specifications for the erection of three new dwellings have been completed. Akaroa. —A new steel staircase for the landing-stage was erected during the year.

5*

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Genebal. A number of applications were received from local bodies and private people for approval of works involving marine interests. Among the various applications were the following :— Foreshore Licenses.—Clevedon, Wairoa River ; Pakatoa Island ; Mangawhau, Northern Wairoa River ; Dargaville ; Kaihu Creek ; Coromandel Harbour ; Whangaroa Harbour ; Waikawa Harbour ; Bon Accord Harbour ; Kawau Island ; Oparau ; Awanui River ; Kohukohu, Hokianga Harbour ; Motukaraka, Hokianga Harbour; Motuparapara Island; Auckland Harbour; Duddings Creek, Kaipara Harbour ; Matiatia Bay, Waihcke Island ; Mangawhau, Kaipara Harbour ; Matakatia Bay, Whangaparaoa ; Te Kopuru, Kaipara Harbour; Day's Bay, Waiheke Island ; Rawene, Hokianga Harbour ; Manaroa, Pelorus Sound; Terakohe, Golden Bay; Tory Channel; Rotoroa Island; Golden Bay. Wharves and Jetties.—Pakatoa Island; Whangaparapara, Great Barrier; Calliope Dock Wharf, Auckland; Onerahi, Whangarei Harbour; Opua, Bay of Islands; Opotiki Wharf; Port Charles, Coromandel; Albany, Auckland Harbour ; Coromandel Harbour ; Waikawa Harbour ; Whareroa, Tauranga Harbour ; Te Kopuru, Northern Wairoa River ; Jacksons Bay , Port Fitzroy ; Lyttelton Harbour. Boatsheds, Skids, Slipways, <&c.—Otago Harbour ; Broad Bay, Otago Harbour ; Carey's Bay, Otago Harbour ; Auckland Harbour ; Edwards Bay, Otago Harbour ; Whakatakataka Bay, Auckland Harbour ; Titirangi Bay, Manukau Harbour ; Karitane ; Lowry Bay ; Waverley Bay, Otago Harbour ; Duddings Creek, Port Albert; Picton. Breastworks and Retaining-walls.—-Wellington Harbour ; Evans Bay, Wellington Harbour ; New Plymouth ; Rotoroa Island. Reclamation.—Freemans Bay ; Greymouth Harbour. General.—Water-supply intakes, Whakatane River ; boat-pound, Auckland Harbour ; widening Leith Canal and lengthening railway bridge over Canal ; bridge, Taipa River, Doubtless Bay; sewerage outfall, Motutapu Island ; bathing-sheds, Evan's Bay; club house, Tauranga Yacht and Power Boat Club ; bridge, Pourakino River, Longwood ; shop, Mangawhare, Kaipara Harbour ; culvert and bridge, McCormack's Bay, Sumner Estuary. ESTABLISHMENT OF AERODROMES AND LANDING-GROUNDS AND AIR-ROUTE FACILITIES. Considerable progress has been achieved during the year in the development of aerodromes, landing-grounds, and facilities relating to air routes and air transport. A policy has been adopted that concentrates on the development and extension of existing main-trunk routes and new routes in contemplation, but the possibility of feeder services and odd fields to serve particular localities has not been lost sight of. As a result rapid and continuous development of aerodromes and landinggrounds is proceeding all over the Dominion. At June, 1938, a total of fifty-three aerodromes and landing-grounds were licensed for regular operation. On twenty-seven of these, enlargement or improvement work was in hand during the year, while an additional fourteen new fields were under construction with a view to licensing. In addition, nine fields, of which improvement work is in hand on seven, are maintained and available as Government emergency-landing grounds, and four additional fields are to be developed immediately. Investigations, detailed surveys, and construction proposals for many other fields have been considered with a view to their development in the future, either as licensed aerodromes to augment the network serving air-transport needs or as emergency-landing grounds. The changes in constructional methods initiated in the previous year have been still further developed during the past year, and now every possible phase of work is undertaken with modern mechanical equipment. Most of the larger works are carried out by private contractors under the Department's supervision and to its designs, following the calling of public tenders. This procedure has resulted in the maximum results being achieved for the money expended, and has at the same time brought fields into use at a much earlier date than would have resulted from the old, laborious, and expensive hand methods. As a result of operations over the past three years, much-improved flying-fields are now available throughout the country from all viewpoints —larger available area, improved surface condition and drainage, access, the removal of surrounding obstructions, and the provision of radio and other facilities to make for safer and more regular operation of aircraft. Much work still remains to be done, however, as the demands of modern air transport require larger fields, improved surfaces, and clearer approaches to all landing-grounds. Royal New Zealand Air Force Establishment.—Close co-operation has been maintained between this Department and the Air Department in the design and development of Air Force stations. Following the decision to expand this arm of the Defence Forces of the Dominion, heavy and urgent demands have been made for designs and construction in connection with these stations, and a large expansion in this side of the Department's activities has resulted. Hobsonville Aerodrome, Auckland, is being developed as an aircraft-repair-depot, and Wigram Aerodrome, Christchurch, as a flying training school, while two entirely new fields are being constructed as squadron operation stations at Whenuapai (near Auckland) and at Ohakea (near Bulls). Such work entails the design and construction of flying-fields, hangars, buildings (both technical and residential), and all roads, services, facilities, and amenities connected with the particular type of station.

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Radio Aids to Air Transport and Navigation. —Under the guidance of the Aeradio Committee and in co-operation with the Radio Section of the Post and Telegraph Department much progress has been made in the installation of radio facilities to assist the safe and efficient operation of air services. During the year the number of radio-transmitting stations in operation was brought up to thirteen. In addition, radio-receiving stations are being provided on eleven aerodromes, and the first of these will be in operation at an early date. The development of radio aids to navigation and blind-flying approaching and landing in over-seas countries is being closely watched, and arrangements are already in hand for installing the first radio-approach beacon at Taieri Aerodrome. Removal of Obstructions Surrounding Aerodromes. —Some progress has been made in the removal of surrounding obstructions to existing aerodromes, but much yet remains to be done. Advantage has been taken of legislation brought in for the purpose, while much has been effected by direct negotiations. Steps have also been taken under the same legislation to protect the approaches to aerodromes and prevent the erection or growth of new obstructions. " Air Pilot " and " Notices to Airmen."—The Department has continued its service to airmen in compiling amendments and additions to the Air Pilot at regular six-monthly intervals and, in addition, by means of " Notices to Airmen " issued by the Air Department, keeps all interested notified as to the condition of all aerodromes and any changes relating thereto. Strip Maps.—Owing to pressure of work in the Government Printing Office poor progress has been made in the issue of these maps. To date two maps have been issued, and a further one will be available shortly. All other maps have been drawn by the Lands and Survey Department and now await printing. Aerial Surveys. —The Department supervises and places orders for all aerial survey work on behalf of all Government Departments, and during the year many square miles of country were photographed for purposes of irrigation, drainage, river-control, road-location, forestry, soil survey, and mapping. Meteorological and Aeradio Station, Raoul Island, Kermadecs. —During the year a temporary aeradio station was established on the island, and investigations and surveys undertaken with the viev to further development. A permanent radio meteorological reporting and radio direction-finding station is to be established and landing facilities provided to allow ships to serve the island. Several miles of roads are required to join the landing points with the radio station and to give access round the island. Preliminary work has already been commenced. Details of aerodrome works in hand during the year are set out in the following list: — Royal New Zealand Air Force Establishment. R.N.Z.A.F. Aircraft Repair Depot, Hobsonville. —The flying-field has been extended, improved, and drained, and now covers 101 acres. 20,500 cubic yards of spoil were excavated, making a total to date of 237,500 cubic yards. An additional 5 miles 50 chains of subsoil drains were placed. A new highway access to the station has been constructed and attention given to internal roading. Two additional wings and extensions to the kitchen and mess accommodation at the airmen's barracks have been provided, while improvements to the grounds and surroundings have been effected. Plans and proposals for a revised layout and additional technical accommodation and facilities for the station to suit its particular function as an aircraft-repair depot have been proceeded with, and definite construction proposals for bomb storage, main stores, and an aircraft-repair shop have been framed, and construction will be undertaken early in the coming year. R.N.Z.A.F. Operations Station, Whenuapai.—Further investigations and surveys were undertaken over several sites until the site at Whenuapai was decided upon. Detailed engineering surveys were completed over an area of approximately 600 acres, and negotiations for the purchase are well forward. Layout plans for the station, including the flying-field and technical and residential accommodation, have been prepared and adopted, while construction proposals for the grading, drainage, and surfacing of the flying-field, hangars, and other technical buildings are now in the course of preparation. R.N.Z.A.F. Operations Station, Ohakea. —An area of 492 acres has been acquired for the purpose of the above station, and the development of the station has been commenced. Detailed engineering surveys were undertaken during the year, and lay-out plans and definite development proposals prepared. At the end of the period work had already been commenced on two large reinforced concrete arch roofed hangars, while contracts had been let for roading, the grading and levelling of the flying-field/ and the supply of field tiles for subsoil drainage and ring drainage. Construction proposals have been prepared and tenders are in the process of being called for the airmen's barracks, officers' mess and quarters, headquarters building, and for residences for the married personnel. Designs have been prepared for such services as sewerages, water-supply, electrical supply, and storm-water drainage. R.N.Z.A.F. Flying Training School, Wigram. —Extensive development to fit this station as a flying training school has been undertaken during the period, and the whole work is now well forward. The following buildings have been completed during the year : Two additional dormitory wings and additions to the mess and kitchen block, temporary cubicle and mess accomomdation for officers, a motor-transport block, and temporary alterations to existing buildings for instructional purposes. A new machineTgun range has been constructed, and an air firing and bombing range at Lake Ellesmere. A sewerage system with pumping and disposal plant has been provided.

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The following buildings are in course of erection : Ten residences for airmen, all of which are nearing completion ; thirteen residences for Non-commissioned Officers ; seven residences for officers ; administration and headquarters building ; main store ; small oil-store ; guard-house, water-tower and standby set house ; sergeants' mess and quarters ; ration store ; sick quarters and instructional building ; while construction proposals are nearing completion for the officers' mess and quarters, lubricant and inflammable store, extensions to the workshop block, and for several other buildings. Proposals are receiving consideration for alterations and extensions to electrical-power reticulation water-supply, sewerage, and roading for the whole station. Civil Aerodromes and Landing-grounds. Whangarei - North Auckland District.—Engineering surveys and investigations have been carried out at the following sites : Waipapakauri, Kerikeri, Dargaville, Whangarei, Kaikohe, and Waipu. Construction work has been undertaken as follows :— Waipapakauri: Contract work is 50-per-cent. completed on levelling work over a 35-acre extension and on 22 acres of the original flying-field. Stumping, ring drainage, and subsoil drainage are being undertaken by the Department. Kerikeri: Clearing has been completed, and ploughing and levelling is in hand by the Department over 45 acres. A contract has been let for the heavier excavation on the landing-strips, and work has been commenced. Rawene : A limited area of tidal flat is being reclaimed by stop-banking, utilizing unemployed Native labour. The work is now approximately 40 per cent, completed. Whangarei: Proposals are completed for the formation and levelling of the field in the coming spring. Road-deviations required to release the site have been commenced, and to date 47 chains of formation have been completed. Clearing of the aerodrome-site has been commenced utilizing unemployed labour. Auckland District.—Development-work has been in hand as follows : — Great Barrier Island (Kaitoke) : This aerodrome has been levelled, surfaced with soil, grassed, top-dressed, and rolled during the current year, and is now available as an emergency-landing ground. Levelling operations entailed shifting by tractors and scoops, 68,406 cubic yards of sand. 22,367 cubic yards of soil were carted and spread to form a surface for the sowing of grass-seed. The total area levelled and sown is 50 acres. To stop sand-drift 180 chains of brush fences were erected and 10 acres of kikuya and 30 acres of marram-grass planted. 120 chains of boundary fence were erected, and 25 chains of access road constructed. Drains completed total 40 chains 10 ft. wide, 6 chains 3 ft., and 70 chains 2 ft. Two windsocks have been erected. Mangere : Enlarging and regrading has been carried out over a further 14 acres, making a total area of 97 acres, and the whole field has now been completed. During the year the work involved excavating 3,554 cubic yards, and making the total to date 180,554 cubic yards ; 24 acres have been returfed and 14 acres sown in grass, making totals of 77 acres of returfing and 20 acres of grassing to date ; tile and scoria subsoil drainage involved the placing of 22,800 ft. of 4 in. to 15 in. pipe tiles and 1,733 cubic yards of scoria ; the construction in concrete of boundary and limit markers, circle and name, and the erection of a radio-transmitting station has been completed. The aerodrome was handed over to the Auckland Aero Club for maintenance purposes in April of this year. Ngaruawahia Emergency-landing ground : This field has been maintained as a Government emergency-landing field. Thames : During the year 368 chains of subsoil tile drains were laid with 4 in. to 6 in. tiles, and refilled to surface with shell. A further scheme is in hand on part of the aerodrome to supplement the system by laying new drains, and of this, some 30 chains have been completed. Repairs were effected to the stop-banks and ring drains constructed last year and damaged by flooding. Waikato Airport: An obstructing transmission line has been removed and attention given to obstructing trees. Tauranga - Bay of Plenty District.—Engineering surveys and investigations have been carried out at Rotorua, Whakatane, and Tauranga. Possible sites were investigated at Te Puke and Te Kaha. Development-work is in hand as follows : —- Atiamuri (Emergency-landing Ground) : Levelling has been partially completed, but is now suspended until next summer. Galatea (Emergency-landing Ground) : Surface improvements have been effected and the field has been maintained as a Government ground. Tauranga : An area of 54 acres has been levelled, smoothed off, and sown in grass. 65,000 cubic yards of material were shifted and 50 chains of open drain excavated. 62 chains of road and a wharf were provided to give access. All work on the initial scheme has been completed. An adjacent area is being cleared and stumped to permit of extensions next summer. Opotiki: 109 acres have been levelled, smoothed off, and sown in grass, involving the handling of 33,000 cubic yards of material. A comprehensive subsoil drainage system was installed, requiring the placing of 49,000 ft. of tiled and shingle drains. Stop-banks, and drain outfalls were provided to prevent flooding. All work is now completed. Rotorua : The initial development has been completed over 110 acres. Work during the year consisted mainly of top-dressing the surface with loam and manures. The field has not been opened to traffic in order to allow for consolidation. Proposals are being considered for additional extensions. Taupo : The whole field has been treated with manures and grass-seed. An access road from Taupo Township is under construction.

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Gisborne District. —Sites have been investigated in the following localities : Ruatoria, Motuhora, Te Araroa, Orete Point. Engineering surveys have been undertaken at Gisborne, Motuhora, and Opoutama. Development-work has been undertaken as follows Gisborne : An extension of 30 acres to the south of the existing field was levelled, topsoiled, and sown in grass. An additional extension to the south of 51 acres, is now in hand by the contractor. Thirty-two chains of transmission line have been buried underground. A temporary radio-transmission station has been installed. Opoutama : An area of 21 acres has been under development to provide an emergency-landing field. Approximately 45,000 square yards of turf were stripped and relaid after levelling, and 10,400 yards of spoil excavated and placed in low areas. The disastrous flood of April caused the temporary suspension of work and placed the field out of use. Napier - Hawke's Bay District. —Preliminary investigations were undertaken at Wairoa. Engineering surveys were carried out at Waipukurau. Development-work has been undertaken as follows Napier Airport: The field was top-dressed with manure and seed. The field is not yet in use, and its future is doubtful. Westshore (Beaches) : A wireless-transmission station has been provided, and the erection of a building to house the receiving and direction finding station is in hand. Minor maintenance-work has been attended to. Hastings : The only work carried out was the top-dressing of the whole flying-field with manure and seed and the spreading of topsoil over a small portion of the rough area. Waipukurau : Out of the total of 105 acres, 101 acres have been completed, but at present only 30 acres are available for use. Dannevirke : No work has been carried out during the year. Mohaka : This field has been maintained as a Government emergency-landing ground. An additional 24 acres were sown in grass. Taumarunui District. —Development-work has been carried out as follows : — Te Kuiti: A new landing strip 880 yards long has been completed and the existing main landing strip extended by 220 yards. 25,000 cubic yards of spoil were excavated and placed during the year. The field available now covers 40 acres. Stratford-Taranaki District. —Investigations for a site at Ratana were undertaken. Developmentwork has been undertaken as follows :— New Plymouth : Work has been in hand on extensions to the existing field. An additional area of 83 acres for flying-field purposes has been levelled, topsoiled, smoothed off, and partly sown in grass, while 44 acres of the existing field have been regraded to conform with it. Approximately 220,000 cubic yards of spoil, including the handling of topsoil, have been excavated and placed, and the work is nearing completion. An area of 16 acres for building and administration purposes is being cleared and levelled. 90 chains of road deviation and 15 chains of access road have been formed, and metalling is in hand. A radio-transmission station has been provided and is in operation, while a building to house the receiving and radio direction-finding station is in course of erection. Stratford : Maintenance-work and the top-dressing of the field with manures has been the only work carried out during the year, and the field is in use. Hawera : No work has been undertaken except the removal of some surrounding obstructions. The field is in use. Wanganui: Extensions and improvements to the field undertaken by the Wanganui City Council with assistance from the employment funds have been completed. Karioi: This field has been developed as a Government emergency-landing ground. 48 acres were ploughed, levelled, and sown down in grass. Wellington District. —Preliminary investigations for sites were carried out at Pahiatua and Eketahuna. Development-work was carried out as follows — Milson (Palmerston North) : The levelling, turfing, and drainage of this field were completed during the year. 1,980 cubic yards of spoil, 210 square chains of turfing, and 4,100 ft. of tile and shingle drains were involved. In addition, 9 acres were mole-drained and approximately 50 acres were topdressed with manures. The bituminous apron was repaired and resealed and a concrete landing circle and name placed, A radio-tansmission station was provided and is in operation. Hood (Masterton) : No further development was undertaken, and the field is in use. Feilding : No further development was undertaken, and the field is in use. Rongotai (Wellington) : This field has been maintained by the Wellington City Council. The Government is erecting a large wooden hangar, and this work is nearing completion. Paraparaumu : Construction proposals were prepared, but work has not yet been put in hand. Nelson District. —Engineering surveys were carried out on a site at Lake Station (Tophouse). Development-work was undertaken as follows : — Nelson Airport: The development of this field is well forward. Approximately 400,000 cubic yards of material were shifted during the year, making a total to date of over 600,000 cubic yards. Approximately 120 acres have been levelled, 81 acres topsoiled, and 63 acres sown down in grass. The stream diversion cut with its stabilizing weirs has been completed, and 52 chains of the access road formed and metalled. Approximately 15 chains of stone-pitching have been completed on the estuar-ial boundary of the field, and levelling for two radio stations has been carried out. A radiotransmission station has been provided and is in operation, while the building to house the receiving and direction-finding station is already erected. Stoke (Nelson) : This field has been maintained by the Department pending the completion of Nelson Airport.

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Blenheim : This field has been maintained by the Department during the year, and minor improvements to the administration area carried out. A temporary radio-transmission station has been provided, and a contract has been let for a building to house the radio-receiving and direction-finding station. Motueka : No development was proceeded with during the year except for the erection of fences, top-dressing of the surface, and the removal of obstructing power and telephone lines. Takaka : The function of this field has been changed from a purely emergency field to a fullydeveloped aerodrome and, consequently, a better system of grading was adopted. Construction work is nearing completion and, to date, approximately 107,000 cubic yards of spoil, including topsoil, have been excavated and replaced. 72 acres have been levelled and graded and 42 acres sown in grass. The fencing of the field has been completed. Grassmere : This field has been maintained as a Government emergency-landing ground. Work has been in hand placing stop-banks to isolate the field from Lake Grassmere, and the work is well forward. Fencing was completed. Kekerangu: This field has been maintained as a Government emergency-landing ground. Obstructing telephone-lines have been removed and repairs effected to the surface. Clarence : A contract has been let for the levelling, grading, and grassing of this field, but work has not yet been commenced. Christchurch-Canterbury District.—Development-work has been undertaken as follows :—■ Conway : This field has been maintained as a Government emergency field. Harewood (Christchurch): 160 acres have been levelled, graded, and sown down in grass. 1,500 ft. of water-pipe, a well, and electric pump have been provided to allow for watering the heavy-traffic areas. Access roads and a concrete landing circle have been constructed. A building and aerial towers for a radio-transmission station have been erected, and tenders have been called for the building to house the radio-receiving and direction-finding apparatus. Wigram (Christchurch) : This field has been maintained and used as a commercial aerodrome, as well as functioning as an Air Force flying training school. Ashburton : Minor improvements to the surface have been carried out. Timaru : Development-work is nearing completion, and to date, approximately 192,600 cubic yards have been excavated and replaced from all sources. Otipua Stream has been diverted and stop-banked, and a large hardwood outlet culvert provided through the beach. The flying-field has been stop-banked and ring-drained to isolate it from surrounding land, and a comprehensive subsoil drainage system is nearing completion. A pumping-station to deal with surface water on the aerodrome is being placed. Approximately 50 acres have been levelled and sown in grass and are available for use, while additional areas have been levelled and will be sown down in grass next spring. Mount Cook (Birch Hill) : This field has been maintained by the Department as an aerodrome in a remote locality. Boundary markings were placed during the year. Greymouth-Westland District.—lnvestigations for suitable sites were undertaken at Jackson's Bay and Westport. Engineering surveys were carried out at Jackson's Bay, Greymouth, Westport (South Buller), and Weheka. Development-work has been undertaken as follows :— Westport (North Buller Site) : The south-west to north-east landing-strip was widened to 150 yards, and maintenance of the whole area continued throughout the year. Greymouth : No work has been undertaken to the existing field during the year, but a contract has now been let for the reclamation of an area in Karoro Lagoon to increase the available area of flying-field. A temporary radio-station has been established. Inchbonnie : This field has been maintained by the Department as an aerodrome in a remote locality. Improvements to the surface and drainage have been carried out and two windsocks provided. Hokitika : Extensions on the south side of the field have been carried out and improvements effected to the whole surface. Subsoil tile drains have been placed over portion of the field and a pumping-station installed to de-water the aerodrome after heavy rains. Exceptional floods breached the stop-banks and damaged the field. Repairs are now practically completed. A temporary radioStation is in operation, while a permanent radio-transmission station is nearing completion, and a contract has been let for the building to house the radio-receiving and direction-finding apparatus. Boss : Lhe field was ploughed and sown down in grass, but still requires attention to the surface before a license for use is issued. Wataroa : The top-dressing of the field with fine gravel was completed during the year, and the field is in use. Top-dressing with soil and grassing is still required. Waiho : This field has been maintained as an aerodrome in a remote locality. Windsocks were provided. Weheka : Minor improvements to this field were effected, but the field is very restricted in usable area. Karangarua : A temporary field was provided for immediate use by roughly levelling a restricted area of natural surface. Mahitahi (Bruce Bay) : A temporary landing-strip was provided by clearing and roughly levelling a restricted area in the river-bed. Haast : A contractor has been engaged with plant regrading and levelling this field. Poor progress has been achieved because of wet ground conditions and plant breakdowns. Upper Okuru : The main landing-strip has been regraded, crowned, and lightly shingled to provide a drier surface. The cross-landing strip still requires attention. Mussel Point: The regrading, levelling, and grassing of this field was completed during the year. Further attentions to grassing and top-dressing will be required next spring.

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Jackson's Bay : Work has been commenced on the provision of a landing-strip near Neil's Beach on the western bank of the Arawata River. A temporary radio-station is in operation. Dunedin-Otago District. —Waitaki: An emergency-landing ground has been constructed over an area of 53 acres by ploughing, grading, and resowing in grass. Waianakarua : An emergency-landing ground is being constructed on this site. Sixty-seven acres were subjected to levelling operations, involving the shifting of approximately 70,000 cubic yards of spoil. All development is completed except grassing. The field is not yet available. Waikouaiti: A commencement has been made to stabilize the sand on this site by the planting of marram-grass. Taieri: The only development has been the establishment of a radio-transmission station and repairs to the tarmac apron. Frankton (Queenstown) : A contract has been let for the levelling and grading of this field, and the work is approximately half completed. Gore : The regrading and grassing of this field was completed during the year. Subsoil drainage was carried out over the wetter portions of the field, and an access road and bridge provided. Invercargill: This field was extended, and development now covers 78 acres. It has been left to consolidate and is not yet in use. Top-dressing has been commenced in order to improve the surface. A pumping-station has been provided. PLANT AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT. Further construction programmes were initiated during the year, and the scope of work already in progress was extended, and in conformity with the Government's directions all suitable projects were mechanized as far as possible by the provision of modern plant, the expenditure approximating £450,000 for plant items recently purchased. The Department has now had considerable further experience in the operation of this plant and in the purchasing of requirements for the year; the specifications were prepared in the light of this experience enabling only those machines suitable for New Zealand conditions to be selected from competitive tenders received from both British and foreign manufacturers, the plant purchased including Diesel crawler-type excavators and drag-lines, Diesel crawler-type tractors and road-building equipment, Diesel locomotives, winches, and graders and pneumatic-tired scrapers. Plant in Use. —The following works in New Zealand in varying degrees are equipped with suitable plant, which was maintained in good order during the year : — (1) Roads and highway construction and maintenance under Public Works and Highways vote. (2) Irrigation schemes : Excavating irrigation-ditches, construction of dams. (3) Railway-construction works, includ ng tunnelling and formation. (4) Aerodromes : Construction of Defence and civil aerodrome and flying-grounds. (5) Swamp-drainage and reclamation schemes. (6) Harbour and river improvement and control works. (7) Bridges and level-crossing excavations : Construction on highways, roads, and railways. (8) Quarrying : Supply of road-metal. (9) Electric-power supply schemes : Construction and maintenance. (10) Transmission lines : Construction of new extensions. (11) Naval Defence : Construction of Kauri Point and Devonport Base extensions. (12) Launch and barge transport. A large amount of plant has already been in service for a considerable time and is still giving excellent service at a low cost for maintenance repairs. This has been brought about by preparing very thorough specifications of the plant required when calling for tenders from local and overseas manufacturers and in making recommendations only for machines which had been proved to be efficient and economical to operate under the conditions prevailing on construction works in New Zealand. Public Works Designed Plant. —The modern high-speed Diesel road-graders designed by the Department and manufactured in New Zealand, have continued to give highly efficient and economical service, and compare favourably with similar imported machines. The Department has recently let a further contract for the supply of an additional twenty-nine graders, the power unit now used being a modern British-made Diesel engine. This engine has given every satisfaction in these graders already in use, and it is intended to replace all petrol-engines in these Public Works Department standard graders of earlier design with this Diesel unit. The total number of New-Zealand-built graders in operation will shortly reach eighty-two machines. Sales of Plant. —Any obsolete or worn-out plant items are disposed of by public tender. The Department's policy is to immediately withdraw from service any plant items whose continued operation becomes an uneconomic proposition and to replace with modern equipment. Local Bodies. —Numbers of County Councils throughout New Zealand have purchased modern road machinery through the Main Highways Board, and these machines have. been purchased on specifications and recommendations made by the Department. Motor-vehicle Operations. —The increase in construction and maintenance works throughout New Zealand has necessitated a further increase in the number of motor-vehicles required to successfully supervise the large number of undertakings now in hand.

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The following statements outline the operations of the Public Works and Main Highways Board motor-vehicle fleet for the year.

Table 1.

Operating-costs fob, Year. The costs shown include— Receiving charges : Petrol, oil, grease, tires, tubes, repairs, and maintenance. Standing charges : Interest at per cent, per annum and depreciation ranging from a minimum of 20 per cent, to a maximum of 40 per cent, per annum on capital cost, this variation being governed by the type and mechanical condition of each vehicle and the conditions under which it operates ; garage rent (5s per week); registration and annual license fees.

Table 2.

Table 3.—Analysis of Table 2, showing Operating-costs in various Districts (Motor-vehicle Operations, 1937-38.)

]\j OTE . All vehicles that have operated for any part of the year are included —i.e., vehicles purchased and sold during the period. Total cost includes — Running cost: Tires, tubes, fuel, lubricants, repairs, and maintenance. Standing charges : Interest, depreciation, garaging (ss. per week), registration, and license fees.

74

Motor-vehicles. At 1st July, ,, , , u i. j At 31st March, 1937 bold. .Purchased. Cars 216 6 2 212 Light deliveries .. • • • • • • 230 10 76 296 Trucks (30 cwt. and over) .. .. .. 112 3 47 156 558 19 125 664

Type of Vehicle. Total Cost. Total Mileage. per MHe Year 1935-36— £ d. Cars and light deliveries (10 cwt. to 15 cwt.) .. .. 39,724 3,058,246 3*12 Trucks (1 ton and over) .. .. •• •• 14,681 660,390 5-34 54,405 3,718,636 3-51 Year 1936-37— Cars and light deliveries (10 cwt. to 15 cwt.) .. .. 53,159 4,032,349 3 - 16 Trucks (1 ton and over) .. .. 17,570 770,353 5-47 70,729 4,802,702 3-53 Year 1937-38— Cars and light deliveries (10 cwt. to 15 cwt.) .. . . 76,887 5,399,170 3-42 Trucks (1 ton and over) .. .. •• •• 28,867 1,196,196 5-79 105,754 6,595,366 3-85 i

Oars and Light Deliveries. Trucks (1 Ton and over). 1 * u ™ ber Total Cost per Nu ™ber tmiip„„ p Total Cost per District. ! Vehicles. g Cost ' Mlle ' Vehicles. 8 Oost ' Mile " £ d. £ d. .. 22 314,475; 4,760 3-63 8 70,966 1,441,4-87 Anrtw " " •• •• 55 654,369 8,091 2-97 7 54,044 1,181 5-24 TanranU ■■ 22 270,100 3,390 3-01 9 100,283 1,975 4-73 rtw. 1P " " ■ • 18 210,963 3,114 3-54 11 88,007 2,239 6-10 Tniimarimui' " •• 12 153,345 2,551 3-99 10 100,775 2,449 5-83 Stratford 30 359,842 4,766 3-18 9 71,133 1,304 4-40 NaT)ipT . .. .. 16 206,618 3,049 3-54 5 49,327 1,180 5-74 wtllinVton '' •• 37 369,892 4,972 3-23 12 65,114 1,742 6-42 Nelson .. 26 290,493 4,004 3-31 9 69,336 1,267 4-39 Pvfinnn, it'll .. 27 341,424 4,199 2-95 14 132,525 2,627 4-76 S'h,,,Th " •• 33 518,624; 6,237 2-89 12 134,330 2,441 4-36 Dimediri ! 27 313,968 j 4,431 3-39 16 86,678; 2,433 6-74 Total, general districts .. •• 325 4,004,113 ; 53,564 3-21 122 1,022,518 J 22,279 5-23 Hamilton Electrical 55 355,148 5,514 3-73 8 24,479 ; 1,052 10-31 Palmerston North Electrical .. .. 34 270,539 5,334 4-73 8 45,637 1,790 9-41 ChrMchurch Electrical .. 32 268,253 5,297 4-73 15 74,629 2,798 9-00 Southland Electrical .. •• __60 501,117 j 7,178 3-44 5 28,933 948 7-86 Total, electrical districts .. ■■ 181 1,395,057 23,323 4'01 36 173,678 6,588 9-10 Grand total, all districts .. .. 506 5,399,170 76,887 3-42 158 1,196,196 28,867 j 5-79

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Motor-vehicle Allowances. —The total amount paid to departmental officers at scale rates for use of their own motor-vehicles upon Government business compris,es a large number of comparatively small sums for mileages run for the convenience of the Department where the transfer or purchase of a departmental vehicle was not warranted and the arrangement of hire was inexpedient:— Total Allowances. Year. £ s. d. 1935-36 .. .. .. .. .. 1,160 17 5 1936-37 .. .. .. .. .. 2,497 8 5 1937-38 .. .. .. .. .. 4,563 15 11 Plant Repair Depots.—-Repair depots at Whangarei, Auckland, Helensville, Rotorua, Taumarunui, Gisborne, Napier, Wellington, Nelson, Greymouth, Dunedin, Invercargill, and also those on each of the major construction works have been equipped with facilities for handling maintenance and repairs to plant. The volume of maintenance has considerably increased, and this has been successfully handled by the Department's staff. Services : Other Departments. —During the year a number of other Government Departments consulted the Public Works Department on mechanical matters resulting in the Department executing a considerable amount of mechanical work for these Departments, including installation of refrigeration plant, domestic mechanical services, electric lifts, water-supply schemes, pumping-schemes, heating and ventilating schemes, equipment for aerodromes, supply of machine tools and workshops equipment, special motor-vehicles, electrical installations, lighthouse generating-sets, and tractors. The Departments concerned included Defence, Naval, Mental Hospitals, Cook Islands, Transport, Lands, Forestry, Native, Mines, Marine, State Housing, Tourist and Publicity, Prisons, and Agriculture. Inspection and Supervision. —With the volume of work undertaken by the Department and the large amount of machinery now employed the inspection and supervision of machines in the field is an important phase of the Department's activities to ensure that all plant items are operating with the maximum of efficiency, and this has been successfully carried out during the year by the field officers and inspecting staff. General.—The Department has been successfully organized to deal with all problems arising from the operation of plant throughout New Zealand and no serious breakdowns occurred during the year, the plant being in excellent order for continued economic and efficient operation. NAVAL AND DEFENCE DEPARTMENTAL WORKS. During the period covered by this report a construction programme has been in hand at Motutapu, Kauri Point, Fort Dorset, and Trentham, and also at Naval Base, Devonport. TRAMWAYS. Auckland'. —During the year two new cars, Nos. 247 and 248, were built and placed in service after being tested by the Department. One car, No. 184, was rebuilt and also passed for passenger traffic. New Plymouth. —The Liardet Street branch together with the short siding in Gilbert Street have been removed except for the triangle junction at the Devon Street, which is periodically used for turning cars. The rails have been used for reconditioning the main line at Fitzroy and also towards Moturoa. About 60 chains of track have been reconditioned, and the loop opposite the Moturoa Cool Stores has been altered to turn out on the left instead of the right of the single track. Wellington. —Track-extensions in Stout Street and Bunny Street to serve the new railway-station and curved track to connect the northern ends of Lambton Quay and Featherston Street have been completed and put into use. Car No. 233 was inspected and certificate issued. Christchurch. —Riccarton Route : The single track between Clyde Road and Curlett's Road is being lifted and relaid in the centre of the roadway, being a continuation of the work done last year. New Brighton Route : Similar work has been done on about 25 chains of this route, including a new loop siding and incidental alterations. Cathedral Square, Worcester Street West, and Oxford Terrace : Sundry alterations have been made to conform with the widening of the last-mentioned street and the gyratory system of traffic in the Square. Dunedin. —New controllers were fitted to tram-cars Nos. 64 and 65. One tram-car was inspected and found in satisfactory condition. DESIGNING OFFICE. The heavy programme of work has continued and the Designing Engineer's staff has been working at high pressure throughout the year in an endeavour to keep pace with the more urgent proposals. In addition to the usual work covering the design of major bridges for main highways and bridges for railway-lines under construction, a considerable amount of design in connection with other major activities has been undertaken. Under this heading is included work for the Royal New Zealand Air Force. A major work undertaken on their behalf was a design for large reinforced-concrete hangars

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for the Ohakea Aerodrome. These structures were designed entirely in reinforced-concrete due to the difficulty of obtaining structural steel, and they presented a number of unique problems. In connection with railway-crossing elimination, design work has been carried out to a greater extent by district offices than was the case last year, but eighteen working plans of overbridges have been prepared in the Office. Fifteen designs for highway bridges over waterways were prepared, the majority being in reinforced concrete. Some large steel structures, including the Karangarua River Suspension Bridge of 425 ft. span, were also drawn. The designing and drawing of railway bridges has comprised a large proportion of the work of the Office, and an innovation so far as this country is concerned was the adoption of reinforced concrete for many of these. While the shortage of structural steel was the primary factor influencing this choice, costs are expected to compare favourably with construction in that material. Both arch and girder types have been used, the total number of complete designs being twenty-two. A good deal of work was done for the broadcasting organizations. Radio-towers were designed and erected for the National Commercial Broadcasting Service at Christchurch, Dunedin, and Auckland, the tallest being 225 ft. in height. Due to a necessity for electrical continuity, these structures were completely welded and hoisted into position as complete units. Radio-towers for the National Broadcasting Service were inspected during erection at Dacre, Southland. The checking of the designs of bridges for roads and highways prepared in district offices and by consulting engineers, checking of proposals for the Local Government Loans Board, the Marine and other Departments, was carried out as usual, 330 proposals being handled, compared with 250 last year. PUBLIC BUILDINGS: MAINTENANCE. The maintenance of public buildings has been carried out by the District Engineers and their staffs in accordance with proposals, and reports prepared in the district offices. Maintenance work is, for more ready reference, included with public-building work reported on by the Government Architect. PUBLIC-BUILDING WORKS AND ELECTRICAL OPERATIONS. For details of the public-building works and of the operations of the hydro-electric enterprises, please see separate reports by the Government Architect and the Chief Electrical Engineer. J. Wood, M.lnst.C.E., Engineer-in-Chief.

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APPENDIX C. ANNUAL REPORT OF BUILDINGS BY THE GOVERNMENT ARCHITECT. The Government Architect to the Hon. the Minister op Public Works. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the activities of the Architectural Branch for the year ended 30th June, 1938. During the period plans were prepared for buildings of an estimated total value of £1,091,500, of which one hundred and fifty-six contracts, totalling £444,100, have been let. Thirty-six other contracts to the value of £805,290, for buildings designed prior to 30th June, 1937, have also been let, making the total building contracts let during the year £1,249,390. In addition, contracts for mechanical equipment totalling £63,234 have been let. In addition to the above totals for buildings designed by this branch, a large amount of minor additions, alterations and repairs, and general maintenance of public buildings has been carried out by District Offices, and a considerable quantity of furniture and fittings has been manufactured in the Public Works Workshops for various Government Departments. The work of this Branch has shown a steady increase, but the inability to obtain draughtsmen with the necessary qualifications still proves a handicap, applications having been called as far afield as Australia. New materials are continually coming on the market, many of local manufacture, and use is made of them wherever circumstances permit after thorough consideration and careful investigation. Competition continues to be keen, and builders and merchants generally show a willingness in co-operating with the Department to produce a high standard of work. Work in connection with the development of the Air Force occupies the full time of a considerable section of the staff. Appended is a schedule of works, which includes maintenance work and minor contracts prepared in the various District Offices. Vice-regal. Auckland. —Repairs, renovations, and general maintenance were carried out. Wellington. —A new residence was erected for the Official Secretary, the old residence being demolished to make way. Extensive renovations and repairs and sundry alterations were effected. Post-offices. Whangarei.—A Postmaster's residence was erected, and repairs, renovations, alterations, &c., to thirteen buildings were attended to. Auckland. —The new post-office at Thames was completed; a residence was built at Kaipara Flats ; garages and stores were built at Te Awamutu and Pokeno. Extensive alterations and additions were made to ten post-offices. Taumarunui. —Repairs and renovations were undertaken at two buildings. Tauranga. —Repairs and renovations were carried out to five buildings, including additions and alterations to the post-office at Rotorua. A new post-office was erected at Waimana. Gisborne. —A workshop, garage, and linemen's building has been built at Gisborne, and the erection of an automatic telephone exchange there was commenced. Additions and alterations were made to two buildings. Stratford. —A new post-office and residence was erected at Mangaweka. Repairs and renovations, alterations, and additions were carried out at six buildings. Napier. —Additions, renovations, and repairs were carried out to three buildings. Wellington. —A repeater-station was built at Lyall Bay, additions were made to the Kilbirnie Post-office, new garages and stores were built at Levin and Eketahuna, a radio-transmitting hall was built at Tinakori, and extensive additions to the Palmerston North Post-office are in hand. Nelson. —A repeater-station at Blind River was completed. Alterations and additions were made to one building and repairs and renovations carried out at two. Christchurch — New post-offices were built at Belfast and Little River, new buildings in course of erection at Mayfield and Waikari were completed, a new telephone-exchange was erected at Geraldine, and new garages and stores at the latter place and at Amberley are in course of erection. A new residence at Waiau is nearing completion, and extensive additions, alterations, and improvements were undertaken at Duvauchelle and Waimate. In addition, repairs and renovations were carried out at fifteen other buildings.

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Dunedin. —A new post-office is under construction at Invercargill, extensive additions are being made to the Oamaru Post-office, a new store was built at Clyde, and additions made to North Dunedin Post-office. Additions, repairs, and renovations were effected at six other buildings. Greymouth. —A building containing battery and power rooms was built at Greymouth, and alterations and renovations made at the post-office. Courthouses. Whangarei. —A new courthouse was erected at Kaeo, and maintenance, repairs, &c., were effected at eight buildings. The old courthouse at Whangaroa was sold by tender. Auckland.—Additions were made to the Supreme Court building at Auckland, and extensive renovations and alterations were carried out to the Magistrates' Court. Repairs and renovations were attended to at ten buildings. Taumarunui. —Two buildings were renovated. Tauranga. —Repairs and renovations were effected at three courthouses. Gisborne. —The Gisborne Courthouse was renovated. Stratford. —Five buildings were repaired and renovated. Napier. —Minor maintenance-work was effected at six buildings. Wellington. —Additions and alterations were made to the Levin Courthouse. Nelson. —The new courthouse at Blenheim is approaching completion. Christchurch.—The new courthouse at Ashburton was completed, extensive repairs and renovations were made to the Waimate Courthouse, and renovations and repairs effected at six other buildings. The foundation-stone of the new Law Courts at Christchurch was laid, but work on the structure has not yet commenced. Dunedin. —A start has been made to erect a new courthouse at Invercargill. Repairs and renovations were carried out at seven other buildings. Greymouth. —Acoustical correction was undertaken at the Greymouth Courthouse, and repairs and renovations effected at three other buildings. Police Stations and Gaols. Whangarei. —A new residence and lock-up was erected at Kaeo, maintenance repairs were attended to at nine buildings, and electricity installed in two. Auckland. —A new police-station was erected at Newmarket, and staff cottage, laundry, coal-store and garage were built at the Waikeria Borstal Institution. New garages were built at Hamilton and Te Awamutu, extensive alterations and renovations were carried out at Manurewa, and general maintenance and repairs attended to at thirty-two other buildings. Taumarunui. —A new police-station is approaching completion at Manunui, and repairs and renovations were executed to four other buildings. Tauranga.—New police-stations were erected at Tauranga and To Whaiti, and repairs and renovations were effected at seven other buildings. Gisborne. —Five buildings were repaired and renovated. Stratford. —Repairs and renovations were carried out at twelve buildings. Napier. —Repairs and renovations were made to nine buildings. Wellington. —A new police-station at Palmerston North is in course of erection, a new police-station was built at Moera, and additions and alterations were made to Tinui Police-station. Extensive alterations were made to the central police-station in Wellington. Nelson.—Repairs and renovations, general maintenance, &c., were attended to at twelve buildings. Christchurch. —Repairs and renovations and alterations to thirty-three buildings were carried out, and four new cottages erected at Paparua Prison. Dunedin. —Repairs, renovations, and general maintenance at thirty-four buildings were attended to, and improvements made at the Invercargill Borstal Institution. Greymouth. —Eighteen buildings were renovated and repaired. Mental Hospitals. Avondale. —Extensive additions were made to the Nurses' Home, and repairs and renovations generally were attended to. Kingseat.—An engineer's residence, new oil-store, bakery, and butchery were erected, and a large hospital block, a mortuary, and a Medical Officer's residence are approaching completion. Repairs and renovations were carried out to Villas 1, 2, 3, and 4. Tokanui.—A residence for the Assistant Medical Officer, a mortuary, a stable, and manure-shed were erected. Maintenance, additions, and renovations generally were carried out. Porirua. —A new store building, boiler-house, and workshops were erected. Miscellaneous repairs and renovations were attended to. Ngawhatu. —A commencement was made with the erection of the Nurses' Home. Sunnyside.—The bakehouse was completed, and various extensions, renovations, and additions were effected. Templeton.—A new laundry was erected. Seacliff and Waitati. —Repairs and renovations were undertaken. Holcitika. —No. 1 unit, which was extensively damaged by fire, was restored, and sundry additions and maintenance repairs were effected.

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Education. Whangarei. —Additions and renovations were carried out at Whangarei High School. Auckland. —General maintenance and renovations were carried out at three homes. Gisborne. —General repairs and renovations were attended to. Napier. —Additions to the Dannevirke High School are in hand. Wellington.—An assembly hall was erected at the Wellington Bast Girls' College, and a hostel and additional class-rooms at Feilding Technical High School are approaching completion. Nelson.—Additions were carried out at the Marlborough High School, and a new stable and apple-shed were built at the Richmond Special School. At Nelson College a cottage and class-room were taken down and re-erected. Repairs and renovations generally were attended to. Christchurch. —Additions, repairs, renovations and alterations to several buildings were effected. Dunedin. —Two buildings were repaired and renovated. Health Department. Auckland. —Repairs and renovations were effected at St. Helens Hospital and Motuihi Island Quarantine Station. Tauranga. —A new dwelling for the District Nurse at Murapara was erected. Gisborne. —Twelve huts for T.B. patients were erected, and twelve more are in course of erection. Stratford. —A nurse's residence is in course of erection at Pipiriki. Wellington. —Good progress is being made with the erection of the new Dental Clinic. Christchurch. —A start lias been made to erect a new male pavilion at the Queen Mary Hospital, Hanmer, and a doctor's residence was built there. Additions, alterations, and comprehensive renovations were made to the Medical Superintendent's residence. Greymouth. —A large annexe to the Nurses' Home at Grey River Hospital is approaching completion, and a new medical and maternity wing is under construction. Four rooms were added to the maternity hospital at Reefton. Army and Naval Defence Departments. Whangarei. —Repairs and renovations were carried out at the Whangarei Drill-hall. Auckland. —At Motutapu Island the administration block, guard-room, mess-room, bathhouse, lavatories, and store were completed. At Kauri Point eleven magazines and various miscellaneous buildings were practically completed. At the Naval Base, Devonport, No. 1 boiler-shop was completed, the valve-house extended, the old machine-shop was demolished, and a start made with a new machine-shop, and temporary lavatories were provided. Repairs and renovations generally were attended to. Napier.—Two buildings were repaired and renovated. Wellington— An observation post was built at Fort Dorset. A new lavatory block is being built at Trentham. Christchurch. —Four houses for married officers and an ordnance store are in course of erection. Repairs and renovations generally were attended to. Dunedin. —Five buildings were repaired and renovated. Greymouth. —Repairs and renovations were effected at three buildings. Air Department. Auckland—AX the R.N.Z.A.F. Base, Hobsonville, the main west wing of the single men's barracks extensions was completed, and the small west wing and east wing are under construction. A temporary store is nearly completed. Repairs and alterations generally were carried out. Gisborne. —A hut was erected at the Gisborne Aerodrome for a temporary radio transmitter. Napier. —A radio-transmitting station and a radio-receiving station were erected at the Westshore Aerodrome. Wellington. —A large storage shed on the Rongotai Aerodrome is approaching completion. Nelson. —A radio-receiving station was built at the Nelson Aerodrome. Christchurch. —Wigram Aerodrome : Two new extensions to the dining-rooms of the single-men's quarters are in course of erection. A considerable amount of fittings, partitions, &c., were erected in the workshops to form temporary instructional accommodation and stores. Housing contract No. 1, comprising thirteen houses for married warrant officers and non-commissioned officers, is approaching completion ; housing contract No. 2, comprising eight single and one double unit for married airmen, is well in hand ; housing contract No. 3, comprising five single-storied and two two-storied residences, is ready for roofing. The administration building and the main store are approaching completion, the water-tower and standby set house, the guard-house, ration-store, and sergeants' mess are in hand, and the erection of the instructional block is about to commence. Department of Agriculture. Whangarei. —An instructor's house was erected. Auckland. —Two cottages were erected at the Ruakura Instructional Farm. Repairs and renovations generally were attended to. Stratford. —New dining and staff quarters are being erected at Flock House. Repairs and renovations were carried out at two other buildings. Wellington.—A plant research station was built at the Massey Agricultural College, Palmerston North.

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Nelson. —A tobacco-redrying-plant building at Motueka is approaching completion. General renovations were carried out. Christchurch.—A seed-drying shed was erected at Lincoln College. Repairs and renovations to five buildings were effected. Dunedin.—Repairs and renovations were executed at eight buildings. Tourist Department. Taumarunui. —General renovations were undertaken at the Chateau. New quarters for the chief guide were erected at Waitomo Caves, additions to the staff quarters are in hand, and general renovations were carried out. Napier. —Considerable additions, alterations, and improvements were effected to the Lake House, Waikaremoana. Extension to the accommodation at Morere Hot Springs were made, and a pair of ornamental gates fabricated and erected. These gates are a noteworthy piece of craftsmanship. Dunedin.—Fifteen bedrooms, together with bathrooms and other conveniences, were added to the Te Anau Hotel. National Broadcasting and Commercial Broadcasting Services. Auckland. —A transmitting-station was erected and additional office accommodation provided for IZB, and extensive interior renovations carried out at IYA. Napier. —A new transmitting-station is in course of erection, and a staff residence was erected in connection therewith. Wellington. —The fitting-up of studios for 2ZB, 3ZB, and 4ZB was undertaken, and all furniture made by the workshops staff. Nelson. —Alterations were undertaken and furniture supplied to 2YN. Christchurch. —Consequent to the fire at 3ZB, temporary accommodation was fitted up. A transmitting-station was provided at New Brighton. Dunedin. —A new station was provided at Highcliffe for 4ZB, and studios were fitted up in the new chief post-office building. Furniture and fittings were installed at 4YA. A new transmittingstation at Dacre, near Invercargill, is nearly finished, and the staff residence is completed. A brick building was purchased in Invercargill for a studio, and the necessary alterations are approaching completion. Native Department. Whangarei. —Fifty-six cottages, fifteen huts, and one store shed were erected, and one hundred and thirty-four additional buildings are in hand. Auckland. —Eleven cottages were built, and eighteen cottages and fifteen huts are in course of erection. Taumarunui. —Seven houses were erected, and alterations and repairs to one cottage were carried out. Tauranga. — Eighty-two cottages, sixty-nine cow-sheds, two shearing-sheds, twenty-eight implement-sheds, and one hundred and nine huts were erected, and, in addition, alterations and additions were carried out to thirty-eight cow-sheds and forty-two cottages. Gisbome. —Four houses were erected. Stratford. —Repairs and renovations were undertaken at the Native Hostel, New Plymouth ; alterations, additions, and renovations were made to the Wanganui Native Land Court; and improvements were made to two Maori houses. Christchurch. —One house was built at Akaroa. Greymouth. —One cottage was erected. Miscellaneous. Whangarei. —Four departmental buildings were removed and re-erected for staff quarters, the garage and depot at Whangarei was extended, and a new depot established at Maungaturoto. Auckland.—A commencement has been made with the new departmental building at Jean Batten Place, and a new building is in course of erection for the Scientific Industrial Research Station. Six cottages were erected for the Lands and Survey Department and six are in course of erection. A large amount of work has been involved in providing additional accommodation for Government Departments, repairs and renovations generally have been attended to, and the workshops have been occupied to capacity. Taumarunui. —Repairs, renovations, and additions were made to three buildings, and two staff cottages are being erected at Taumarunui. Additions and renovations were carried out to the Manager's residence and staff quarters at the Turangi Fish Hatcheries. Tauranga. —Buildings were erected at the Rotorua Fish Hatchery, and various farm buildings erected at the Ngongotaha Game Farm. Four cottages were built for State highway accommodation, and six are in hand. The departmental garage at Rotorua has been extended and a new store erected. Gisbome. —A mechanics' workshop and a five-stall garage were built, two cottages erected, sixteen portable huts were fabricated, and one portable cottage is being made. Repairs and renovations generally were carried out. Stratford. —Extensive repairs and renovations were made to two buildings, and alterations and renovations were made to two other buildings. Napier. —The new Government Building is approaching completion. In connection with the Ahuriri Development Scheme, a manager's cottage, shepherd's cottage, wool-shed, and implementshed were erected. The restoration of buildings damaged by floods is well in hand.

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Wellington. —Steady progress has been made with the Government Life Insurance Building, the structural work and external finish being almost completed, and the fitting-up of the interior is now under way. Two suites of offices on the ground floor are already in occupation. The foundations of the new Departmental building in Stout Street were completed, and a start has been made with the steel frame. The Customs Building is being strengthened, and the Ministerial residence in Tinakori Road was converted into two flats. A temporary building in Aitken Street for Government offices has been commenced by the Department's staff, but delay has been experienced in getting the necessary timber, including hardwood, from Australia ; this has a striking parallel in the difficulties associated with the erection of the original Government Buildings in 1875. Alterations to the old Railway Head Offices are in hand to provide accommodation for the Army, Navy, and Air Force Departments. A new plant depot is under construction at Pipitea, and a new meteorological office is being erected at Kelburn. A new office building for this Department was erected at Palmerston North. Repairs and renovations were undertaken at the Parliamentary Buildings. The workshops have been exceptionally busy, part of their output being all the furniture for stations 2ZB, 3ZB, and 4ZB. Nelson.—A new building is in course of erection in Nelson for the Government Life Insurance Department. Christchurch. —A three-storied building has been purchased and is being adapted for use as Government offices. In addition, a considerable amount of work has been involved in providing extra accommodation for various Departments. The Sign of the Takahe.—This building is actually one of a series of roadhouses for the rest and refreshment of travellers. It is part of the scheme originated many years ago by the late Mr. H. G. Ell for the development of the Port Hills Summit Road, and carried on under the direction of the Summit Road Trust. Changing conditions have modified the scheme from time to time, and lack of funds has prevented the completion of this building, besides which a good deal of the work done in the early stages was found to be defective and is being replaced. The original conception of the " Sign of the Takahe " was to provide a building reminiscent of mediaeval English architecture, and was probably suggested by the fact that Canterbury, more than other provinces of New Zealand, was founded by men who were steeped in English traditions. It is of Gothic architecture, as practised in England in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries, each period being represented. The building is being constructed of stone and other materials of such a durable nature that it should have a life of hundreds of years. The interior decorations in colour are being carried out faithfully to the traditions of mediaeval heraldry, and the whole building, when completed, should be a permanent record of the strong ties existing between Great Britain and New Zealand. Already, although far from finished, the " Sigh of the Takahe " is one of the show places of Christchurch. After many vicissitudes it was decided in 1936 to provide labour for the completion of the building as a charge against the Employment Promotion Fund, and since then about thirty tradesmen have been employed on a full-time basis under the control of this Department, working to the designs o" Mr. J. Collins, honorary architect, the interior decorations being supervised by Mr. J. A. Thomson. As the whole work includes an immense amount of fine detail, and everything is being done by hand, progress appears to be slow, and it will be a long time yet before the building is completed ; but the work has proceeded satisfactorily during the year, and, when finished, will provide an example of architecture and craftsmanship unique in this country. Dunedin.—The new State Fire Insurance Building at Invercargill is approaching completion, and repairs and renovations were effected to ten departmental buildings generally. Greymouth.—Additions were made to the School of Mines, Westport. Repairs and renovations generally were carried out. Generally.—-The provision ani fitting-up of accommodation for expanding departmental offices generally still keeps the workshops staffs fully occupied. John T. MAIR, A.R.1.8.A., Government Architect.

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APPENDIX D.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF ELECTRICAL ENGINEER. The Chief Electrical Engineer to the Hon. Minister op Public Works. Sir,— I beg to report on the position of the development of electric power in the Dominion for the past year, as follows :—• GENERATING-SCHEMES IN OPERATION. NORTH ISLAND ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEM. 1. Capital Outlay. At the close of the year 1937-38 the total capital outlay was £9,095,787, representing assets in operation, and £120,627, representing assets not in operation, giving a total capital outlay of £9,216,414, and Table II gives an analysis of this amount. 2. Financial Results. The total revenue for the year amounted to £978,492 and working-expenses £177,545, which resulted in a gross profit of £800,947, equal to a return of 9-03 per cent, on the average capital in operation (£8,861,213). After paying interest (£349,816), depreciation (£50,725), the departmental proportion of the capital charges on King's Wharf Station (£37,593) and cost of raising loans, &c., amounting to £2,151, there was a net profit of £360,662. Comparative figures for the year ending 31st March, 1937, are as follows : Revenue, £887,410 ; working-expenses, £144,315; interest, £391,241; depreciation, £10,464; and King's Wharf charges, £38,120 —with a net profit of £244,140. The accumulated Depreciation Reserve and Sinking Funds as at 31st March, 1938, amounted to £1,227,053. Table I gives full particulars of financial results as well as other relevant statistical information. 3. General. The units generated totalled 798,354,000 for the system. Units actually sold totalled 720,490,034 and units used for station auxiliaries, &c., total 6,637,589. • The balance of 71,226,377 units represents transmission and distribution losses amounting to 8-91 per cent, of the total output. The maximum load on the system was 143,240 kW. and the annual load factor 63-6 per cent. The total connected load was 1,064,571 kW., and the demand factor or ratio of maximum load to connected load was 13-46 per cent. 4. Construction, Operation, and Maintenance. A. HAMILTON DISTRICT. (1) Construction. (a) power-stations. Arapuni.—Extension work at Arapuni to provide for two additional generating-units was practically completed during the year. Excavation of the tailrace was completed, and after tests the water was allowed to rise, the pumps were withdrawn, and the needle dam was removed. The extension of the power-house building to its final dimensions, providing for two future generating-units, was practically completed during the year. A new office was built in concrete for the Station Superintendent, and other rooms lined with sound-proofing material. At the south end of the building the retaining-wall was completed and back-filled and concrete structures cast for the water rheostat and oil-storage tanks, which were then erected. Concrete-work for the lift and cable shaft was completed and part of the interior steelwork erected. A protective fence was built along the top of the cliff above the power-house. At the outdoor station the construction of the repair-room extension was completed, together with cable trenches and footpaths.

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The erection of structural steelwork and switchgear was completed, and the whole of the extensions were enclosed in a protective fence and the ground sown down in grass. Near the power-house the construction of a permanent blacksmiths' shop was commenced, and a concrete stairway was provided to give access from the road at the top of the lift-shaft to the outdoor station. Towards the end of the year the old waterproofing of the powerhouse roof, which had become defective, was removed, and the whole roof was then waterproofed with Neuchatel asphalt. Roads adjacent to the power-house and outdoor station were re-graded, and sealed to eliminate dust nuisance. Work was practically completed on the installation of Nos. 7 and 8 generating units each of 21,000 kW. capacity, and two 24,000 kVA. transformer banks for same, together with the necessary 11 kV. and 110 kV. switchgear and control equipment. By the end of the year the chief work remaining to complete the present programme was the installation of an inclined lift, and two 110 kV. 0.C.8.'s for future lines. No. 7 unit was placed on commercial load on 24th August, 1937, and No. 8 unit on 7th February, 1938. Official tests for turbine efficiency were carried out in March. The addition of these two units has brought the installed generating-capacity of the station up to a total of 102,300 kW. (b) SUBSTATIONS. Penrose.—A second 5,000 kVA. bank of 22/50 kV. transformers was put into service on 20th May 1937, and a fourth 110/22 kV. bank, of 30,000 kVA. capacity, was put into service on 7th April, 1938. The 110 kV. capacitors on the three Arapuni-Penrose transmission lines were replaced in October by 110 kV. potential transformers. Two new 110 kV. 0.C.8.'s have been assembled for the replacement of the existing 0.C.8.'5. A telephone exchange was installed in July, and a new cottage was completed in January. Bombay.—A second 5,000 kVA. bank of 110/50 kV. transformers was put into service on 12th October, 1937, and a new 50 kV. 0.C.8., 110-volt control battery and charging equipment were installed in the same month. Work is in progress on the installation of six new 110 kV. 0.C.8.'5, five being for the replacement of the original 0.C.8.'s and one for the second 5,000 kVA. bank. Two new cottages were completed in December. Hamilton.—The two 1,500 kVA. banks of 50/11 kV. transformers were replaced by two 3,000 kVA. banks, the first bank being changed on 12th October, 1937, and the second on 2nd November, 1937. A new cottage was completed in January. Takapuna.—A second 2,250 kVA. bank of 50/11 kV. transformers was put into service on 11th June, 1937, and a bach for the relieving operator was completed in January. Henderson. —The extension of the 50 kV. steel structure for the take-off of the North Auckland transmission-line was completed, and the line 0.C.8. was put into service on 29th September, 1937. The two 50/11 kV. transformer banks were moved to a new position, and two new 50 kV. transformer 0.C.8.'s were put into service on 3rd February, 1938. Three new cottages were completed in January. Tahekeroa. —The substation building, garage, and three cottages were completed early in the year. The temporary 11 kV. switchgear was replaced by the permanent switchgear on 9th May, 1937, and the two 50 kV. O.C.B's were put into service on 21st September, 1937. Mareretu. —The substation building, garage, and three cottages were completed early in the year. The 50 kV. line 0.C.8. was put into service on 15th July, 1937, and the temporary equipment was replaced by the permanent 11 kV. switchgear and 50 kV. transformer 0.C.8. on Bth August, 1937. Maungatapere. —The substation building and cottage, and the installation of a 2,250 kVA. bank of 50/11 kV. transformers together with the necessary switchgear were completed, and the substation was put into service as a second supply point for the North Auckland Electric-power Board on 26th September, 1937. A bach for the relieving operator was completed in March. Ngongotaha. —A second 750 kVA. bank of 50/6-6 kV. transformers, which was removed from Hangatiki in January, 1937, was put into service on 27th September, 1937. Edgecumbe. —The 750 kVA. bank of 50/11 kV. transformers was replaced by a 1,500 kVA. bank from Hamilton on sth January, 1938. Waiotahi.—'The 750 kVA. bank of 50/11 kV. transformers was replaced by a 1,500 kV A. bank from Hamilton on 11th March, 1938. A new transformer was purchased as a spare. Kerepeehi, Waihou, and Te Awamutu.—A bach for the relieving operator was completed at each of these substations in March. N.Z. Dairy Co., Frankton (11 kV.). —The substation layout was rearranged, and the outdoor 300 kVA. transformer was replaced by an indoor 400 kVA. transformer on 16th July, 1937. (c) TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LINES. Arapuni-Edgeoumbe 110 kV. Line.— Structure sites were pegged and material ordered. A start was made on the cartage of poles to sites in March, 1938. It is expected that this line will be completed early in 1939. , . , Arapuni-Penrose 110 kV. Tower Line, No. 2.—Structure sites have been pegged and material ord.6ro(l Penrose-Henderson 110 kV. Line—An aerial survey was made in October, and alternative routes were investigated. North Auckland 50 kV. Line.—The third section of this line from Mareretu to Maungatapere was completed in May, 1937, and the section was livened in the following month, but the Power Board was not ready for supply until the end of September, 6*

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A detailed survey of the Maungatapere-Kaikohe section was carried out, and a general route was selected for the line from Kaikohe to Kaitaia. Horahora-Hamilton 50 kV. Line. —A deviation to avoid the aerodrome at Rukuhia was completed in December. Ongarue-Taumarunui 11 kV. Line. —Pole sites were pegged and material ordered, but construction work has not yet commenced. Hamilton-Frankton 11 kV. Line. —A deviation was made at Nortons Road in December to suit the Department of Housing Construction. (2) Operation and Maintenance. (a) POWER-STATIONS. Arapuni.—A total interruption to 110 kV. supply occurred in April, when a workman made accidental contact with a 110 kV. lead at the outdoor station. Two 11 kV. bus faults were caused by rats, one in August, which tripped out No. 1 generator, and the other in October, which tripped out No. 2 generator, but station supply was not interrupted. Owing to low river-level the whole of the river flow was taken by the turbines during certain periods in October. Horahora.—New chains and pins were fitted to the sealing-pipes, and six new rollers were fitted to the roller-trains on the non-automatic gate in the weir. Penrose Diesels. —The plant was given a short maintenance run each week. (6) SUBSTATIONS. Penrose. —To enable the existing transformers of the 22/50 kV. bank to be interchangeable with the new transformers, the 22 kV. cable boxes attached to the bushings on the old transformers were removed, and the cables were terminated on a new cable structure adjacent to the 22 kV. bushings. New 22 kV. and 50 kV. leads and new Merz Price bushing type C.T.'s were fitted to the transformers. Two 110 kV. bushings were replaced, on account of causing excessive radio interference. Bombay. —An 11 kV. C.T. on a Power Board feeder 0.C.8. broke down in August, and a 50 kV. bushing on the Kerepeehi line 0.0.8. broke down in January. The tap-changing switch on one of the 50/11 kV. transformers was damaged in December by arcing caused by a defective contact. Hamilton. —Two 11 kV. C.T. failures occurred in January. Two more failures occurred in February, and another in March. The old C.T.'s were replaced by tested C.T.'s from stock, and an undamaged but corroded coil was submitted to the Dominion Analyst for examination. It was found that the corrosion was due to nitric acid formed by the hydrolysis of nitrocellulose in the varnish used on the coil by the manufacturers, the action being accelerated by the warm, humid conditions which prevailed at the time of the C.T. failures. Henderson. —Four defective 50 kV. insulators were replaced. Tahekeroa.—A 1,000 kVA. 3-phase transformer was transferred from Huntly in February for use as a spare. Mareretu. —A temporary 11 kV. local service transformer was damaged by lightning in May, and flashovers on a 50 kV. transformer bushing and a 50 kV. insulator were caused by lightning in September. Maungatapere. —The 50/11 kV. transformer bank was livened on 15th July to give supply to a local service transformer during construction. Supply was not required by the Power Board until 26th September. Kerepeehi.—Two 11 kV. C.T. failures occurred on a Power Board feeder 0.C.8., one in June and the other in November. Lightning caused a flashover in the 11 kV. sealing bell of one of the 50/11 kV. transformers in February, but no material damage was done. Waikino. —-An 11 kV. C.T. broke down in November, and Power Board supply was interrupted by a rat on the 11 kV. bus in March. Waihou. —An 11 kV. single core, outdoor cable-box on the incoming feeder broke down in November, and a flashover was caused in December by the cap of an insulator on a 50 kY. A.B.S. breaking off when the switch was opened. Matamata.—An 11 kV. C.T. failure occurred on a Power Board feeder 0.C.8. in June. Te Awamutu.—A 50 kV. bushing broke down in January and damaged three other bushings. Hangatiki.—A cracked 50 kV. transformer bushing was replaced. Ngongotaha.—Three cracked 50 kV. bushings were replaced. Rotoiti. —The 100 kVA. 47-5/6-6 kV. transformer broke down during a thunderstorm on 17th February. A spare transformer was installed, and new coils were ordered for the damaged transformer. Edgecumbe and Waiotahi. —The 11 kV. earthing reactors, which were taken out of service when the 750 kVA. transformer banks were replaced by 1,500 kVA. banks from Hamilton, are being reconditioned in readiness for service at Ngongotaha. Huntly, Takapuna and 11 kV. Substations.—No trouble was experienced at any of these substations. General.—New forty-hour-week rosters were adopted for substation operators in January. This has necessitated the provision of additional quarters for relieving operators at twelve substations. (c) TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION LINES. (i) 110 kV. Arapuni-Penrose.—No trouble was experienced on either the wood-pole or tower-line circuits. The work of removing the earth wire from the wood-pole line was carried out as opportunity permitted, but the work is not yet completed. Earthing points were installed at seventeen poles.

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Arapuni-Stratford. —The legs on a number of towers were inspected for signs of rusting at and below the ground-line, and were cleaned and painted as required. A large amount of work was done on the clearing of slips from access tracks. A conductor and an insulator unit on tower 95 and two insulator units on tower 150 were damaged by lightning during two storms in January. (ii) 50 kV. Penrose-Takapuna. —The work of replacing the 7/13 galvanized-iron earth wire on the steeltower portion of the line by 7/14 copper, on account of corrosion, was completed. An outage was caused in April by a flashover in a transposition span between tower 278 and pole 279. Henderson-Maungatapere. —A large number of flashovers occurred between the 50 kV. line and the telephone line during storms in April and May before the installation of additional span breakers, and the resagging of the telephone-line in places was completed. The Mareretu-Maungatapere section was livened in July, and two further outages of the whole line occurred in February, due apparently to the same trouble, although no evidence of the fault was found. A third outage in February was caused by lightning. Bombay-Waikino. —A 50 kV. insulator on the Paeroa A.B.S. structure was shattered by lightning in November, and two conductors were damaged by lightning in February. Horahora-W aihou. —Flashovers occurred between the 50 kV. line and the telephone-line on the tower section during severe gales in May, when the telephone-line was burned through in three spans, and in February when the telephone-line was burned through in two spans. Waihou-Paeroa. —Flashovers occurred between the 50kV. line and the telephone-line during a gale in February, when a telephone insulator came adrift from the insulator pin and allowed the telephoneline to be blown into the vicinity of the 50 kV. line. Horahora-Hamilton. —Four insulators were damaged by lightning during a storm in February. Mystery Creek - Te Awamutu. —Portion of a hedge was uprooted and blown across the telephoneline during a storm in May. The telephone-line fouled a5O kV. conductor in an adjacent span and both the phase wire and the telephone-line were burned through. Arapuni-Ngongotaha. —An outage was caused by a piece of wire being thrown across a 50 kV. conductor and cross-arm in October ; the cross-arm and pole were badly damaged by burning. An insulator and a jumper on a 50 kV. A.B.S. were damaged by lightning during a storm in February. Ngongotaha-Waiotahi. —A length of copperweld wire was replaced on account of the copper covering of the wire splitting. The specially treated wire in the sulphur area at Tikitere was examined from time to time, and apart from the binders, which were repainted, and a section of the telephone-line, which was replaced on account of corrosion, the condition of the line was satisfactory. Waikino-Aongatete, Hamilton-Huntly, Te Awamutu - Hangatiki.—Routine patrol and maintenance work was carried out on each line. (iii) 11 kV. Horahora-Hautapu. —Two conductors were burned through when a whirlwind struck the line in August, and both feeders were dislodged from the insulators on a pole which was struck by a motorlorry in February. Hamilton-Frankton. —A flashover was caused by a skipping-rope being thrown across the line in October. Waikino-Waihi. —The phosphor-bronze telephone-wire was replaced by No. 8 galvanized-iron in a number of spans, and several corroded members of the steel towers were replaced by reconditioned parts obtained from towers on the old Waiorongomai line. A flashover occurred between the 11 kV. line and the telephone-line during a storm in February. Grand Junction Tap and Arapuni Village. —No trouble was experienced on these lines. (iv) General. Maintenance. —Regular patrol and maintenance work was carried out on the various lines and access tracks, and the routine testing of poles and insulators was carried out according to schedule. Insulator Replacements. —Two hundred and seventy-seven defective insulators, consisting of four 110 kV. insulator units, two hundred and sixty-nine 50 kV. pin insulators, and four 11 kV. pin insulators, were replaced. Of this number, 244 were found defective by live-line testing and thirtytwo by insjiection ; one failed in service through being shattered by lightning. Fifty-eight defective 50 kV. insulators were replaced with the use of live-line tools. Pole Replacements—Fifty-one defective poles, consisting of three 52 ft., thirty-four 48 ft., three 35 ft., and eight 25 ft. poles, were replaced. Of this number, fourteen poles (ten I.E. and four M.A.H.) had defective heartwood, eight poles (I.B.) had decayed or extensive knot holes, twenty-five poles (twenty-three 1.8. and two M.A.H.) had both defective heartwood and decayed or extensive knot holes, three poles (I.B.) were undersized, and one pole (I.B.) was damaged by fire. (d) TESTING. Routine maintenance tests were carried out on instruments, meters, relays, &c., throughout the system, and installation tests were carried out on the various items of new equipment. Installation tests were made on both the Power Board and Departmental switchgear, meters, relays, &c., at Tahekeroa, Mareretu, and Maungatapere substations. The new generators, transformers, switchgear, &c., at Arapuni were tested, and efficiency tests on No. 7 turbine were carried out. (e) GENERAL. System Operation. —Arapuni Power-station was run in parallel with the Mangahao-Waikaremoana system throughout the year. Horahora Power-station was run for two load shifts daily, except Sundays,

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until 18th October, after which date it was found possible to reduce the station running-time to one load shift daily, five days a week. Assistance was obtained from the standby plants over the evening peak load period five days a week during the winter months, the Penrose Diesel station being run from the end of April to 10th May, and King's Wharf station from 11th May to 19th August. Owing to lack of rain in the southern district the loading at Arapuni was considerably increased in the second half of June and the first half of July in order to conserve water at Mangahao and Waikaremoana, and additional assistance was obtained from King's Wharf station. From 2nd to 13th July, Arapuni supplied between 20,000 and 30,000 kW. over the Stratford tie line for sixteen hours a day and King's Wharf ran on a block loading of approximately 10,000 kW. for two load shifts daily. Supply was given to the Tauranga Borough Council for eight days in January on account of a shortage of water at McLaren's Falls Power-station. Load. —The units generated totalled 547,911,002, an increase of 25-7 per cent, over the total output in the previous year. Units actually sold (within the district) totalled 398,105,446 ; net supply to the southern system totalled 108,677,209 units ; and units used free of charge totalled 3,377,754. The balance of 37,750,593 units represents transmission and distribution losses, amounting to 6-89 per cent, of the total output. The maximum load on the generating-plant was 96,856 kW., compared with 80,000kW. in the previous year ; and the maximum load, excluding supply to the southern system, was 84,140 kW., compared with 71,060 kW. in the previous year. The average load factor was 64.58 per cent. The total connected load increased from 425,829 kW. to 500,795 kW., and the demand factor or ratio of maximum load to connected load, excluding supply to the southern system, was 16-79 per cent. Troubles on Department's System. —The following table gives an analysis of the troubles which originated on the Department's system in each of the last three years : —

Circuit miles of transmission lines in operation : 11 kV., 49-18 ; 3-3 kV., nil; 50 kV., 431-74 : 66 kV., nil; 110 kV., 421-88. Number of substations in service : 11 kV., 3 ; 33 kV., nil; 50 kV., 17 ; 66 kV., nil; 110 kV., 3. Number of consumers : Bulk, 12 ; wholesale, 6. Of the fifty-one troubles which occurred in the last year, forty-three caused interruptions to consumers' supply. Excluding outages of the new North Auckland 50 kV. line during severe storms in April and May before the installation of additional span-breakers in the telephone-line had been completed (these separate outages are not included in the above list), and an interruption of nearly two days and a half to Rotoiti supply in February when the 100 kVA. transformer was damaged by lightning, the average number of accidental interruptions to supply was 5-4 per supply point, the average duration being 34-3 minutes. B. PALMERSTON NORTH DISTRICT. 1. Construction. (a) POWER-STATIONS. Mangahao Power-house and Headworks.—A start has been made on the construction of six new cottages for the staff, and a 12 ft. wide access road to the site, complete with culverts, was laid down.

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Year ending 31st March, Description. i 1936. ! 1937. 1938. 6-6 or 11 kV. lines—(1) Defects .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 (2) External causes .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 3 33, 50, or 66 kV. lines — (3) Defects .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 3 5 (4) External causes .. .. .. .. .. 6 4 2 110 kV. lines— (5) Defects .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 (6) External causes .. .. .. .. .. 6 3 (7) Lightning .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 20 11 (8) Storms, nature of trouble not discovered . . .. .. 4 1 2 (9) 5, 6-6, 11, or 22 kV. apparatus .. .. .. .. 4 8 12 (10) 33, 50, or 66 kV. apparatus .. .. .. .. 3 3 6 (11) 110 kV. apparatus .. .. .. .. .. 6 1 3 (12) Generators or synchronous motors .. .. .. 1 (13) Relays .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 (14) Control circuits and batteries .. .. .. .. 1 3 Operation— (15) Mistakes .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 4 3 (16) Accidents .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 3 (17) Other causes .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 (18) Cause unknown .. .. .. .. .. 4 2 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 56 51

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Waikaremoana Power-house and Headworks.- —The construction of the pipe-line for No. 3 unit is well under way. The survey of the headworks, tunnel, and pipe-line for the lower development, which was started early in the year, is proceeding. Eight new cottages and additional single men's quarters, together with the requisite roading and footpaths were completed during the year. (b) SUBSTATIONS. Khandallah.—Two banks of 110 kV. potential transformers, complete with limiting resistances, switches, fuses, and auxiliary transformers, were put into service. The requirements of additional transformers, 110 kV. switchgear, and steelwork were investigated, and the work of replacing the existing 11 kV. switchgear with equipment of increased rupturing capacity was put under way. Paraparaumu.—The building of the single men's quarters was completed during the year. Bunnythorpe. —One staff cottage and also single men's quarters were erected during the year. An 110 kV. lightning-arrester to protect the east transformer bank, and two banks of 110 kV. potential transformers, complete with limiting resistances, fuses, and switches, were put into service. Wanganui. —An 110 kV. lightning-arrester was erected to protect the west transformer bank. A deep well was bored and a pump installed to augment the cottage water-supply. Two additional stall cottages were built. Hawera.—A surge counter was put into service on the 110 kV. lightning-arrester. An additional cottage was erected. Stratford. —An additional staff cottage was built, and the single men's quarters was shifted to a new site. Masterton. —The requirements of further 110 kV. switchgear and steelwork to be used in connection with the Masterton-Melling line were investigated. Melling. —The requirements of further 110 kV. switchgear and steelwork to be used in connection with the Masterton-Melling line were investigated. Mangamaire. —A new well was dug and the pump shifted to the new site. A new cable and 11 kV. switch cubicle for use with an additional transformer bank were installed during the year. Woodville. —New single men's quarters were built, a new well dug and the pump shifted to the new site. Dannevirice.—One new staff cottage was built. Levelling of the ground for the new steelwork bay is proceeding. Waipawa.—Two additional stafE cottages were built, and a new well was dug. Napier.—Two banks of 110 kV. potential transformers, complete with limiting resistances, fuses, and switches, were put into service, the 110 kV. capacitors being dismantled. Two new staff cottages were built. Wairoa. —A local service transformer and station oil-tanks were installed. Gisborne. —An 11 kV. earthing-resistance has been installed in the neutral of the earthingtransformer to limit the fault current. (c) TRANSMISSION-LINES. Khandallah-Masterton. —The survey of this line was practically completed during the year. Several parts of the line were repegged for deviations on account of the geological aspect of the country, earthquake faults, &c. The question of snow-loading was investigated and titles were searched for wayleaves. Sites for the proposed depot at Akatarawa were investigated. Woodville-Napier Duplication. —The survey of this line is proceeding. (d) GENERAL. Accommodation. —Owing to lack of accommodation and in order to replace temporary buildings> an extensive building programme has been carried on throughout the year at various power-stations and substations. This work has been mentioned above in most cases under the individual substations and power-stations. Palmerston North Office. —A considerable amount of construction was completed during the year. The new wing of the office was completed and was largely occupied by the General Branch. The section of the original building which was thus vacated was modified to provide more room for the typistes and Stores Branch office. The ground floor of the new wing consisted of an extension to the existing store and an additional store and test-room for the General Branch. In the yard a fourteen-stall garage, complete with workshop, &c., a pole-stacking site, a plant-shed and a loading-bank were completed, and an extension was made to the railway siding. 2. Operation and Maintenance. (a) power-stations. W aikaremoana. Headworks. —The lake-level has not varied much during the year, the level at 31st March, 1937, being 2010-60 and the level at 31st March, 1938, was 2011-20. The highest recorded level was 2014-10 and the lowest 2007-90. The rainfall for the year was 73-39 in. and the evaporation 25-63 in.

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In order to provide extra storage for peak capacity, the level of Lake Kaitawa was raised 18 in. by a timber bulkhead on the weir, and stone pitching was laid down at various places to protect the shore-line. The various stop-logs have been overhauled, replaced where necessary, and new fittings and ropes put on. The stop-log house was rebuilt and the surge-chamber gates were examined and new ropes fitted. On two occasions the pipe-lines were emptied and the insides of the top sections of the pipes examined and found to be in good order. Power-house. —New charging-equipment of the copper-oxide-rectifier type was installed for the new battery, and the old booster apparatus dismantled. After the old battery was discarded the battery-room was subdivided and is now ready for occupation as an electrician's workshop. An air-compressor was installed for a supply of air to the governors, garage, &c. The 11,000/400 volt transformer which burnt out last year was reconditioned, and all 11 kV. trifurcating-boxes throughout the station were refilled. Several original 110 kV. post-insulator units which broke off under the caps were replaced by a more recent type, and an investigation was made into the thermal properties of the broken insulators. Reliability of Generating-units. —With the exception of a small amount of governor trouble, the operation during the year has been very satisfactory. Mangahao. Headworks. —No floods of any importance occurred during the year, a few freshes only being recorded. Numbers of minor slips occurred at various places in the catchment area, particularly in places where the vegetation was damaged, during the storm of February, 1936. One heavy slip brought down large masses of rock and timber, completely blocking the access road near No. 2 dam. The total rainfall at No. 1 dam for the year was 104-86 in., rain being recorded on 198 days. The total amount of waste water recorded at No. 2 dam was 4,536,000,000 cubic feet. Power-house. —No trouble of any consequence was experienced in the power-house during the year. The switchboard-gallery lighting was remodelled and converted to a totally indirect system. A start was made with the reconstruction and rewiring of the main control board. (b) SUBSTATIONS. Khandallah.—There were no periods of total interruption to this substation during the year. The core of one of the 4,000 kVA. transformers was lifted and examined. Paraparaumu. —This substation operated satisfactorily throughout the year. Bunnythorpe. —The 110 kV. bushings on the east transformer bank were reconditioned. A considerable number of cracked 110 kV. post insulators were changed during the year. Marton.—Owing to the rapid increase of load on this substation during the year it was found necessary to replace the current-transformers on the Department's metering equipment. Wanganui. —During the year the 110 kV. bushings on the east transformer bank and the 11 kV. switch hoods were reconditioned. The three cores of the east' transformer bank were lifted and the windings examined. The local service-transformer capacity was raised to 25 kVA. 110 kV. co-ordination gaps were erected on the lightning-arresters. Hawera. —All the 110 kV. bushings on the transformer banks were reconditioned. The local service-transformer capacity was raised to 25 kVA. Stratford. —The 110 kV. bushings on the 110/11 kV. transformer bank and on the 110 kV. potential transformers were reconditioned, and the cores of the 110/50 kV. transformer bank were lifted and the windings examined. New Plymouth.—One 11 kV. bushing was replaced. Okato. —During the year this substation was put on full automatic operation, and has given satisfactory service. Melling.—Repairs were carried out on a 5,000 kVA. transformer which was damaged by lightning. Masterton.—This substation gave satisfactory service during the year. Mangamaire. —During the year the substation phasing was altered to conform with the standard arrangement. The core of the west transformer bank was lifted and the windings examined. The capacity of the local-service transformer was raised to 25 kVA. Woodville.—This switching-station gave satisfactory service throughout the year. Dannevirke. —The 110 kV. bushings on both transformer banks were reconditioned. The 110 kV. potential transformers were disconnected and transferred to Mangahao. The local-service transformer capacity was raised to 25 kVA. Waipawa. —The cores of both 110 kV. transformer banks were lifted and examined, and the 110 kV. potential transformers were disconnected and transferred to Mangahao. The local-service transformer capacity was raised to 25 kVA. Napier.—The 15 kVA. local service transformer was replaced by one of 25 kVA. capacity to cope with the demand of two extra cottages. Wairoa. —The 50 kV. bus-bars were reconstructed so as to enable the spare transformer to by placed in service, if required, without delay. A new gantry was erected for handling the transformers. Gisborne. —Due to a drop in insulation-resistance test-values, the voltage regulator was taken out of service and dried out; new coils have been ordered. (c) TRANSMISSION-LINES. (i) 110 kV. Mangahao-Khandallah Duplicate Lines.—These lines operated satisfactorily during the year. Alterations were carried out to the telephone-line across the Otaki River bed where several piled poles were erected.

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Khandallah-Melling.—One interruption, caused by a flashover due to lightning, was experienced on this line during the year. Mangahao-Bunnythorpe Duplicate Lines.—One interruption was experienced on this line during the year due to a lightning flashover. Two-thirds of this line was given a thorough overhaul by the special maintenance gangs ; several poles were replaced and extensive river-protection works were built at the Manawatu River crossing, where 6 chains of willow and chain mesh net matting and two piled open-type groynes (one 30 ft. and one 62 ft. long) were placed in position. Preparatory work was carried out on the telephone-line for the rewiring of the section from Whitmore Road to Bunnythorpe. Bunnythorpe-Marton- Wanganui.—This line operated satisfactorily during the year, and was given a thorough overliaul by the " live-line " gang, a fair proportion of the work being done under live-line conditions. The work of fitting vibration dampers at all suspension clamps is well under way. On the telephone-line further small deviations were carried out at the Rangitikei River on account of new road and railway-works. Wanganui-Hawera-Stratford.—One interruption was experienced on this line during the year due to lightning, no damage being caused. On the telephone-line there were several interruptions, due principally to the following causes: hay-stacker fouling line, dynamic induced currents (both from Power Board and departmental lines), Power Board power-line fouling, slack span, cracked bobbin insulator, insulator off pin, faulty extension bell, faulty sectionalizing-switch, short piece of fencing-wire thrown across line, and insulators broken by stones. A pole was burnt near Wanganui; no interruption, however, was caused. Stratford-Pohokura. —This section of line operated satisfactorily during the year. The operation of the telephone-line was satisfactory. Bunnythorpe-W oodville. —This line gave satisfactory service throughout the year. A thorough overhaul of the Bunnythorpe-Pohangina section is in the process of being carried out by the " liveline " gang. On tower 19 on the Ruahine Range the insulators were changed from suspension to strain type to give the necessary clearance to a new road between towers 19 and 20. On the telephone-line one interruption was caused by the wires twisting together. Woodville-Mangamaire-Masterton. —This line gave satisfactory service during the year. Several insulators were blackened by a fire which burnt down a house close to the line. On the telephone-line two huts were shifted and a pole which was burnt by a gorse fire was replaced. Two interruptions to the telephone-line were caused by twisted wires. Woodville-Dannevirhe-Waipawa-Napier. —Two interruptions occurred on this line during the year, one being caused by a flashover due to bird deposit on insulators, and the other by lightning. Due to the River Board's protective work in the Ngaruroro River bed, a tower was replaced by another tower on a piled foundation. An additional strain pole was also erected as part of this alteration. On the telephone-line several interruptions occurred, among the causes being a Power Board line fouling, insulator working off pin, wire off insulator, and a drop of water across the gap of a lightning-arrester. Napier-Waikaremoana Duplicate Lines. —Two interruptions occurred to this line during the year, one caused by a flashover due to a scrub fire and the other due to the breaking of a sectionalizingswitch insulator, the resulting arc involving both lines. Festoon vibration dampers were fitted to this line with excellent results. On the telephone-line there was one interruption. (ii) 50 ¥V. Stratford-New Plymouth—One interruption occurred on this line during the year due to lightning. At certain positions where vibration breaks at binders have been reported previously, a number of experimental vibration dampers of the festoon type have been installed. On the telephone-line one interruption was caused by lightning, the wire being burned through in two places. Waikaremoana-Gisborne. —This line operated satisfactorily during the year. The telephone-line was satisfactory. Waiharemoana-Wairoa. —One interruption occurred on this line during the year, due to a tree being felled across it. Intensive work has been carried out by a " live-line " gang during the year. Twefve-foot cross-arms have been fitted and the line moved out on most poles to facilitate live-line work. A check survey of this line was also made. (iii) 11 kV. Mangaore-Shannon. —This line was maintained in good condition by the Horowhenua Electricpower Board. One fault occurred, due to a broken wire near Shannon. Khandallah-Petone. —This line operated satisfactorily throughout the year, no trouble being experienced. Tuai 11 kV. Lines.—k complete overhaul was carried out on the Lake House line and the line to Thomas Bros, mill, the latter being deviated to clear houses in Valley Road. (iv) General. (1) Lightning-storms.—Sixteen storms were reported during the year, but only five caused disturbances on the system. One on the Mellmg-Rhandallah lme caused a flashover of the line insulators and also a flashover inside one of the transformers at Melling Substation, and one on the

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Wanganui-Hawera line caused an interruption, but no signs of damage could be found. One of the co-ordinationjgaps at Wanganui flashed over. Three other storms caused flashovers on the Stratford - New Plymouth Waipawa-Dannevirke, and Mangahao-Bunnythorpe lines respectively. (2) Special Maintenance.—During the year the " live-line " gang completed the overhaul of the Bunnythorpe-Wanganui line. Latterly this gang has been working on the Mangahao-Bunnythorpe lines and the section of the Bunnythorpe-Woodville line from Bunnythorpe to Pohangina River crossing. The " live-line " gang has been encamped at Bunnythorpe, while the other special-maintenance gang, which has been located at Mangaore, has co-operated on the Mangahao-Bunnythorpe line overhaul. A third maintenance gang was engaged on the overhaul of the lines radiating from Tuai Power-station. In addition to special maintenance, changing poles and insulators, and refitting poles, &c., under live-line conditions, assistance was given by these gangs with the usual maintenance on various lines and substation structures. An overhaul of the Porirua Mental Hospital L.T. overhead lines was also carried out. The 11 kV. feeder lines for the Railway Department traction supply were completed and tested, and have now been made available to that Department. Experimental work was carried out with the oxy-acetylene pole burning outfit, it being found that after winter rains the rot in the poles had too much moisture for successful burning. Tests on an automatic line-splicing device were also made, but further work was delayed on account of the manufacturer's failure to reply to a query regarding the ability of the device to withstand conductor vibration. (3) Khandallah High-tension Testing-set.-—The usual retests were made of insulators found defective by live-line testing. In addition to this work, several tests (including porosity tests) were made for the Post and Telegraph Department. Porosity, puncture, and flashover tests were made on some sample foreign insulator units. (4) Insulator Deterioration.—Live-line testing of all insulators in service was carried out with the following results.—

Total number tested .. .. .. .. .. .. 127,024 Total defective .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 174 Per cent, defective .. .. .. .. .. .. 0-137 The above table does not include 50 kV. pin type insulators. (5) Guy Insulators. —A series of careful measurements was made throughout the year to determine the slippage of the end connections of the new (wedge) type of wooden guy insulators. Slippage was found to be entirely negligible. (d) TELEPHONE LINES. An investigation was carried out into the " blistering " of copper-weld telephone wire which is commencing to give trouble owing to resulting breaks. Initial indications of the trouble, as well as being shown by breaks in the wire, were shown by rust patches or " blisters," where the inner steel had become exposed and commenced to rust. In view of the importance of this problem (there are approximately 2,240 miles of various sizes of this wire in use by the Department and Supply Authorities throughout the Dominion), a thorough investigation was made. Wire in use and in stock was examined for blisters, and various crosssections were mounted, polished, and photomicrographs prepared. The outcome of this was that the basic cause appeared to be due to the dissymetry of the steel core, rendering the outer copper unduly thin in places. It also appears that this trouble has been overcome in material of recent manufacture. Sections of wire showing evidence of " blistering " are at present being replaced. (e) COMMUNICATION SYSTEM. The terminal equipment was maintained in good order throughout the year, and tests, which iDeluded investigations on acoustic shock absorbers and portable telephones, were made on various types of new instruments. Several systems of communication between the generating-rooms and the control rooms of the power-houses were tried, and a design was made for a system which it is considered will be a satisfactory solution of this problem. Crystal control was installed on the transmitters of the experimental radio-telephone between Mangahao and Tuai, and a large amount of data was collected on the operation of this equipment. This is at present being analysed, but the indications are that with the present power of 100 watts at the transmitters the service is entirely satisfactory, except for approximately two hours either side of midday, when results are erratic.

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— Strain. Suspension. Total number tested — 110 kV. .. .. .. .. .. 24,041 99,977 50 kV. .. .. .. .. .. 1,812 1,194 Number defective— 110 kV. .. .. .. .. .. 19 153 50 kV. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Nil

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(/) TESTING. Maintenance tests on all relays, meters, and instruments at the respective power-stations and substations have been kept up to date and results recorded. In addition, maintenance tests on relays and instruments involving modifications to panel circuits have been made on behalf of several Power Boards. A considerable amount of electrical testing-work involving recoverable charges has been done in the Testing Laboratory on behalf of outside Supply Authorities. Acceptance and installation tests were made on all new equipment prior to the placing in service of such equipment at power-stations and substations. Special investigation tests have been carried out in the field as required in connection with system interruptions, and consideration has been given to the increase in loading from some points of supply, necessitating the installation of larger ratio current transformers and rescaling of certain indicatinginstruments. The system apparatus six-monthly megger tests have been graphed and analysed and further action taken, where necessary. (g) GENERAL. (1) Load. —The maximum load on the system was 61,120 kW. as compared with 55,160 kW. last year. However, if the output of Evans Bay Power-station is included, this year's maximum demand was 71,730 kW., as compared with 63,100 kW. last year, an increase of 13-7 per cent. The total output was 359,120,207 units, or 362,275,540 units including Evans Bay output, an increase of 17-8 per cent, on last year's total of 307,580,890 units, the annual load factor being 57-7 per cent., as against 55-6 per cent, last year. The Mangahao-Waikaremoana system was operated in parallel with the Arapuni system throughout the year, and the following are the details of the interchange of power between the two systems (last year's figures are given in brackets) : — From Arapuni— Maximum demand .. .. .. .. 27,190 kW. (20,840 kW.) Units supplied .. .. .. .. 108,677,209 (52,858,752) To Arapuni — Maximum demand .. .. .. .. 13,920 kW. (6,620 kW.) Units supplied .. .. .. .. 53,727 (98,788) (2) Reliability of Supply. —During the year there were twenty-eight faults on the Department's system, causing interruptions to consumers. There were also eleven faults on the Department's system, which were cleared without interruption to consumers. The average number of accidental interruptions to each of the seventeen consumers was 2-53 and the average duration 5-8 minutes. The total average duration to each consumer was 14-7 minutes. No figures are included for Opunake Electric-power Board, as it is difficult to obtain reliable data on interruptions, owing to the fact that this Board is supplied through one of the New Plymouth Borough Council feeders. With reference to prearranged interruptions, the average number to each consumer was 3-29 and the average duration 2 hours 33 minutes. The total average duration of prearranged interruptions to each consumer was 8 hours 26 minutes. In many cases Supply Authorities took advantage of the prearranged interruptions to carry out maintenance-work on their own systems ; also in most instances both for prearranged interruptions and accidental interruptions, the New Plymouth Borough Council and South Taranaki Electric-power Board were able to carry all or portion of their own respective loads.

Analysis of Troubles on Department's System for the Three Years ending 31st March, 1938.

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Year ending 31st March, Reference. Description. j 1936. | 1937. 1938. I | 1 6-6 or 11 kV. lines: Defects .. .. .. .. 1 3 2 6-6 or 11 kV. lilies : External causes 3 33,50, or 66 kV. lines: Defects .. .. .. 5 1 1 4 33, 50, or 66 kV. lines : External causes 5 110 kV. lines : Defects 6 110 kV. lines: External causes.. .. .. .. 3 6 2 7 Lightning .. .. .. •• •• 8 5 7 8 Storms : Nature of trouble not discovered 9 5, 6-6, 11, or 22 kV. apparatus .. .. .. .. 6 3 10 33, 50, or 66 kV. apparatus .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 11 110 kV. apparatus .. .. .. .. .. 10 4 6 12 Generators or synchronous condensers .. .. .. 3 13 Relays .. .. .. • • • • • • 3 .. 4 14 Control circuits and batteries .. .. .. .. .. ■ • 1 15 Operation: Mistakes .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 4 16 Operation: Accidents.. .. .. .. .. 5 2 1 17 Other causes .. .. • ■ • • • • • ■ • • 8 18 Cause unknown .. .. .. .. .. 5 4 2 Totals .. .. .. .. 47 34 40

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Circuit miles of transmission lines in operation at end of year : 11 kV., 28-62 : 33 kV., Nil • 50 kV 106-94 ; 66 kV., Nil; 110 kV., 581-66. Number of substations in operation at end of year : 11 kV., 1 ; 33 kV., nil: 50 kV., 3 ; 66 kV. nil; 110 kV., 14. (3) General. —The load during the winter months of the year under review was very heavy, calling for careful study of the position and close attention by the operating staffs of the power-stations, whose efforts are to be commended. The severe floods which occurred in the Hawke's Bay Province just after the close of the financial year necessitated very considerable effort on the part of the staff in that area in the discharge of their duties, and they are to be congratulated on their performances. SOUTH ISLAND ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEM. Introductory. Hitherto the "South Island Electric-power System" referred to the Lake Coleridge and Waitaki plants which are now operating as an interconnected system. In October, 1936, the generating plant at Lake Monowai, together with the whole reticulation system of the Southland Electric-power Board, was acquired by the Government and placed under the control of this Department as an addition to the " South Island Electric-power System," although it is not yet interconnected with the Lake Coleridge-Waitaki section. On Ist February, the Arnold River Hydro-electric Station of the Grey Electric-power Board was acquired by the Government and will in the near future be interconnected with the Lake Coleridge system. Consequential on these acquisitions the accounts have since been amalgamated, and in future the " South Island Electric-power System " will comprise the Lake Coleridge-Waitaki-Southland-Arnold River plants operating as an interconnected unit. The capital in operation at 31st March, 1938, was £6,319,615, and included in this amount there is a sum of £337,508 representing assets not yet in operation. In Table II will be found an analysis of the capital outlay. The revenue for the year was £491,551, and working-costs £126,715, which resulted in a gross profit of £364,836, equal to a return of 6-07 per cent, on the capital in operation. After paying interest £220,112, depreciation and other capital charges £113,737, the net result was a profit of £30,987 for the year. The accumulated Depreciation Reserve, General Reserve, and sinking funds as at 31st March, 1938, amounted to £930,322, and Table I gives full particulars of financial results as well as other relevant statistical information. Pending completion of the 110 kV. transmission-line to connect up the Southland system, the report of operating results is this year presented under two individual headings—viz., (a) Christchurch District, and (b) Invercargill District. A. CHRISTCHURCH DISTRICT. The year ended 31st March, 1938, completed the twenty-third year of operation of the Lake Coleridge undertaking, and the third complete year of operation of the Waitaki Power Scheme. These two generating-stations have been run in parallel for the period, and operating and financial statistics have been combined with those of Arnold River. A further marked increase m system loading occurred during the year, and work on the supply and distribution of electric power in the West Coast districts has been proceeded with —the Diesel station being put into service at Dobson on Ist February last to work in conjunction with the Arnold River Power-house to give power supply. 1. Capital Outlay. The capital outlay at 31st March was £4,798,907, of which assets to the value of £291,296 were not in operation. 2. Financial Results. The total revenue for the year was £336,385, and working-expenses totalled £67,343, making a gross profit of £269,042, which equals a return of 5-92 per cent, on the average capital outlay in operation (£4,544,070). The interest charge for the year was £160,483, which, together with depreciation (£82,885) and the cost of raising loans (£971), was met from revenue, leaving an amount of £24,703 available for the sinking fund this year. The accumulated Depreciation Reserve and sinking funds at the 31st March, 1938, amounted to £790,482, and the General Reserve Fund £87,199. Table I gives full particulars of the financial results and also statistical returns of operations for the year. The detailed operating-costs show that the cost per unit generated for the year was 0"066 d. (exclusive of capital charges), compared with 0'0823d. for the previous year, a decrease of 19 per cent. This decrease is due to increased load factor consequent on heavy loads. In Table Y are given the gross financial results of the distribution of power from the combined stations, and of the Local Supply Authorities, and other consumers connected to the Government Supply system.

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3. General. The total units generated was 242,391,775, representing an increase of 27-4 per cent, on those of last year. Of these units, 205,579,104 were sold, while 3,147,486 were otherwise accounted for. The balance of 33,665,185 units represents transmission and distribution losses, and amounted to 13-9 per cent, of the units generated. The maximum system load increased from 44,520 kW. to 51,860 kW., an increase of 16-5 per cent. The average load factor for the year was 53-40 per cent., an increase on that of last year which was 48-8 per cent. 4. Construction, Operation, and Maintenance. (1) Construction. (a) Power-stations. Lake Coleridge Power-station. —At the power-house work on 66 kV. extensions, in connection with supply of power to the West Coast, was commenced, and two bays of steelwork were completed as an extension to the outdoor structures. The associated air-break switches, busbars, insulators, and connections have also been installed. A steel terminal tower was also erected to terminate the 6"6 kV. line to Murchisons' Homestead, and the telephone and overhead lines to the surge chamber, &c., have been transferred to a new terminal structure to provide space for the two new transmission lines to the Coast. The new Harper River gates at the intake of the diversion channel were completed by the General Branch during the year ; the traffic bridge across the channel was strengthened, and two new suspension bridges were constructed —one across the channel and the other across the river at the gates. The boulder groyne to the west of the gates was extended and a concrete mattress laid on the lake side of the outlet dam. Waitaki Power-station. —New construction work included the building of stores accommodation at the upper stores floor of the power-house. A sewerage system for the staff cottages was completed during the year. (b) Substations. Addington Substation. —No new construction work was carried out during the year at this substation. A contract was completed for the extensions to the garage. Hororata Substation. —No construction work was done at this substation. Point Substation. —No construction work was done during the year. Ashburton Substation. —At Ashburton a bank of four 1,767 kVA. transformers was installed to replace the existing bank. Timaru Substation. —The construction of traverser track and foundations for turntable and new 110 kV. oil-circuit breakers was commenced near the end of the year in preparation for the change over of this station to 110 kV. in place of the existing voltage of 66 kV. Glenavy Substation. —No construction work was done during the year. Oamaru Substation. —At Oamaru Substation a fence was erected around the 11 kV. outdoor gear and work on the new cottage was commenced. Half-way Bush Substation. —In December the switchgear and steelwork for the substation extensions to accommodate the new 110 kV. line to Gore, was received, and in March the work of erection of the extensions was commenced. A contract for excavation and levelling was let and the assembly of the steelwork was started. Smith''s Road Substation. —The erection of a new 33 kV. to 11 kV. substation at Smith's Road for the supply to Springs-Ellesmere Power Board was started, and to date good progress has been made. All the outdoor equipment and transformers have been installed and the indoor switchgear installation is well advanced. Motukarara Substation. —New pole structures and switchgear were erected to terminate the new 33 kV. line from Stoddarts Corner and give supply to Banks Peninsula Power Board. (c) Transmission Lines. The main transmission-line work has been in connection with the lines to the West Coast. This is detailed under Section (y) below. A 33 kV. line, single circuit 7/14 copper, from Stoddart's Corner to Motukarara Substation miles) was completed and put into service. (d) Telephone System. The trunk telephone system was extended from Lake Coleridge to Hokitika, and the line put into service in November. All sections of the system are now in communication, including Dobson Diesel Station and Arnold River Power-house. A power ringer set was installed at Addington Substation during the year. (e) Test Department. The dismantling of the Diesel switchgear and plant and the reinstallation at Dobson, including the necessary testing and adjustment was carried out. Three truck type 11 kV. units were removed from Hororata and installed temporarily at Dobson. The control and relay panels for the 66 kV. substation at Dobson are being constructed. All watertight telephones and test points were installed on the Coleridge-Arahura telephone lines. Nine telephone test points were built and forwarded to Southland. The control and relay panels for Arahura Substation are being constructed. During the year 328 tests and reports were made, and 90 drawings completed. Six portable telephones of a special light weight were designed and built.

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A total of 52 repair and test orders were executed on behalf of other Government Departments and consumers. An occulting relay was installed to operate a harbour light at Westport. Resuscitation practice was conducted at all substations and power-houses by a member of the staff. (/) Survey. The survey of the Lake Coleridge - Arahura 66 kV. transmission line was completed during the year, and also the survey of the Arahura-Dobson 66 kV. line extension. A survey of the DobsonBlackwater 66 kV. line was practically completed, and has since been finished and construction commenced. Preliminary location of the route for the new transmission-line from Southbrook to Waipara and Culverden was done during the year, and a start has now been made on the survey, the work having progressed to date as far as Waipara. Due to possible interference to Post and Telegraph lines, the Dobson-Blackwater line was relocated to the western side of the Grey River, thus giving greater separation from the main communication circuits of the Post and Telegraph Department. (p) West Coast Electrification. During the year the following progress was made on the construction of the main 66 kV. transmission-line to the West Coast: — (i) The Arthurs Pass - Otira tower section (33 towers) was completely erected and partly wired. (ii) The Mount Misery tower section was commenced and stubs set for the complete section (20 towers). (iii) Piling of footings and erection of structures was completed in the Waimakariri, Mingha, Otira, and Teremakau Rivers. (iv) The pole-line was completed from Waimakariri River to Arthurs Pass, from Otira tunnel tower towards Jacksons for approximately six miles. (v) Poles were distributed from the Waimakariri River to the Mount Misery towers. (vi) Construction was started from Arahura Substation to Jacksons. The delay in pole deliveries seriously interfered with construction, and to date there still remains approximately 350 poles to be delivered for the Canterbury side of the line. The Arahura Substation buildings were completed and the synchronous condenser installed, the outdoor structure and equipment erection was well advanced during the year. Access roads and fencing was done. Two staff cottages are being built. From Arahura Substation to Dobson a section of 66 kV. line was completed by contract, the final connection to the system will be made later. The Diesel plant at Lyttelton, together with the building, was transferred and erected complete at Dobson, and by the end of the year three of the generating-units were completed for service. The output from Dobson Diesel Station was first coupled to the existing system supplied from Arnold River Power-house on 18th January, and commercial supply was first given on Ist February, when the Department took over the Arnold River Power-house. A 33 kV. line from this Power-house was converted to 66 kV., to form part of the main transmission system. Work at Dobson is proceeding on the completion of the outdoor substation structures, where in the future Dobson Station and the main distribution system will be tied in with the supply from Coleridge over the main 66 kV. transmission-lines. Staff accommodation was provided by the erection of four cottages. Sites for the 66 kV. substations at Blackwater and Ngahere have been selected, and work on the main line to the former substation is in progress of construction. Distribution lines at 11 kV. are being constructed for the supply to the Arahura and Kanieri dredges near Hokitika. (h) Wigrarn Aerodrome. Switchgear and cables have been ordered for the reticulation at Wigram Aerodrome, and a section of the staff cottages has been connected by underground cables to form part of the completed underground system of supply to the main buildings, workshops, and staff accommodation. Work has been commenced on the standby station, where a Diesel generating-set and switchgear will be installed. (2) Operation and Maintenance. (a) Power-stations. General. —During the year the Lake Coleridge and Waitaki power-stations operated in parallel satisfactorily. The construction of the Harper River gates was facilitated by drawing additional load from Waitaki as required, and thus enabling the Coleridge water-supply to be conserved. During the period of construction of the Harper gates the level of Lake Coleridge dropped to 1,665-9 ft. by December, but by the end of the period was at 1,671 ft., the gates having been completed and in service by the end of December. Lake Coleridge Power-station.—The lake-level dropped practically 6 ft., due to the construction of the Harper River gates, but recovered as stated above. The Acheron diversion works operated satisfactorily throughout the year. Maintenance-work on the No. 1 tunnel pipe-line gates was carried out, and No. 1 tunnel inspected in February. Pipe-lines Nos. 1, 2, and 3 were painted on exterior surfaces, and all defective patches were scraped and given one coat of bitumastic black paint. Parts of the interior of No. 2 pipe-line were also painted during the shut-down necessary for work on the gates. Improved stores accommodation was provided at the power-house.

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No. 2 unit was shut down in February for attention to the runner, which was forwarded to Christchurch for repairs to damage caused by cavitation, and a spare runner was fitted. Routine tests and maintenance-work were carried out on the switchgear and control equipment and village maintenance on cottages and services was done. Waitaki Power-station. —The permanent sluices were operated in August, and surplus shingle at the downstream end of the apron was scoured down to grade and consolidated by grouting at the foot of the apron. Main equipment and plant has been in continuous service, and has been given the necessary maintenance as required. The local post-office was transferred to the power-house on Ist April. A memorial tablet erected in the generator room to the memory of men who lost their lives during the construction of the works was unveiled by Mr. H. E. Herring, M.P., on the 20th June. In the village corrugated-iron fences were erected round thirteen sections containing staff cottages, and the usual service-maintenance work was carried out. (b) Substations. The Addington switchgear, with one exception, has functioned satisfactorily during the year — the exception being the failure of an 80/5 current transformer on No. 1 steelworks feeder, which caused an explosion of the current transformer chamber on 21st March. Routine oil filtering, insulator testing, and maintenance-work has been carried out at all substations. A considerable amount of transformer and switchgear fitting was carried out in connection with extensions :—• Three 66/6-6 kV. 1767 kVA. single-phase transformers were converted for 33 kV. service at Arnold River Power-station. A 66/3-3 kV. 295 kVA. 3 ph. transformer ex Hororata was altered for service as an earthing transformer at Dobson. For Smith's Road Substation, four 33 kV. transformers were dried out and four switchgear iron-clad panels prepared for service. Alterations to taps on transformers for Woods Mill Substation were made, and an 11 kV. 360 kVA. transformer was repaired for the Tramway Board. Transformers for distribution purposes were overhauled and dried out. Oil for stock and service has been filtered as required. Taps and tapping-switches were fitted on four 66/6-6 kV. 1,767 kVA. transformers for Ashburton. No. 1 condenser has operated satisfactorily during the year, but minor trouble has been experienced with No. 2 condenser, which has yet to be fitted with special equipment to facilitate easy starting. (c) Transmission Lines. The condition of the main transmission lines was satisfactorily maintained, the necessary inspection and replacements having been carried out. During the year there was one total interruption to main supply at Addington of 3f minutes on the 4th September, caused by a flashover at Hororata at 8.36 a.m., due to switching operations. On the northern 11 kV. line 70 poles were replaced and all conductors re-regulated where required. There were no major faults during the year ; on the main lines 72 poles and 9 insulators were replaced under live-line methods. The annual insulator testing was completed and a total of 94,245 insulators were tested, of which 554 were located as defective. (d) Analysis of Trouble on System.

Circuit miles of transmission line in operation at end of year : 11 kV., 91 miles 114 ch. ; 33 kV., 82 miles 72 ch. ;66 kV., 350 miles 65 ch. ; 110 kV., 259 miles 35 ch. Number of substations in operation at end of year : 11 kV., 25 ; 33 kV., 2 ; 66 kV., 4 ; 110 kV., 3,

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Reference. Description. Number. 1 3-3, 6-6, or 11 kV. lines : Defects .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 3-3, 6-6, or 11 kV. lines: External causes .. .. .. .. 4 3 33, 50, or 66 kV. lines : Defects .. .. .. .. .. 2 4 33, 50, or 66 kV. lines : External causes .. .. .. .. 4 5 110 kV. lines : Defects .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 6 110 kV. lines : External causes 7 Lightning 8 Storms : Nature of trouble not discovered .. . . .. .. 1 9 3-3, 6-6, 11, or 22 kV. apparatus .. .. .. .. .. 9 10 33, 50, or 66 kY. apparatus .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 11 110 kY. apparatus .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 12 Generators or synchronous condensers .. .. .. .. .. 1 13 Relays 14 Control circuits or batteries 15 Operation: Mistakes . . .. .. .. .. • • 1 16 Operation : Accidents 17 Other causes .. .. .. .. .. .. ■ • 1 18 Cause unknown .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. 36

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(e) Test Department. The telephone installation on the system has been maintained, all watertight telephones previously installed were overhauled and fitted with breathers. The usual two-monthly tests of rubber gloves and boots were carried out. The quarterly tests of 11 kV. switchgear at Timaru and Addington were done. The annual check of testing standards was done. The time-clocks of the system were maintained satisfactorily. Assistance was rendered other branches of the system in testing, adjusting, &c. Insulator tests were carried out as required. 0.C.8.'s were examined and repaired where required. (3) Rainfall and Lake Levels. Maximum flow at Waitaki for the year ended 31st March, 1938, was 50,400 cusecs on 10th January. Minimum flow at Waitaki for the period was 4,300 cusecs on 18th August. Lake Coleridge : Rainfall for the year was 31-86 in. Harper : Rainfall for the year was 40-07 in. Waitaki : Rainfall for the year was 17-83 in. Lake Coleridge : Lake-level at 31st March was 1,670-98 ft. B. INVERCARGILL DISTRICT. 1. Capital Outlay. The capital outlay at 31st March was £1,520,708, of which assets to the value of £46,212 were not in operation. 2. Finance. The total revenue for the year was £155,166, including a sum of £122, being additional charges in connection with rates levied by the forme Southland Electric-power Board. Working expenses for the period were £59,372, including £73 for commission for collecting rates. The interest charge was £59,629. After providing an amount of £29,490 for the Depreciation Reserve and £392 for cost of raising loans there was a net profit of £6,283. 3. Construction, Operation, and Maintenance. (1) Construction. (a) Power-station and Village. Monowai.—Plans for two cottages and a communal garage are in hand. At the same time alterations to the staff bach are to be undertaken. Owing to shortage of houses, portions of this bach have been used for housing a family. The proposed alterations will allow single men to be catered for as at other generating stations of the Department. (b) Substations. The major work in hand is that of extending the Gore Substation in preparation for the linking-up of the Lake Coleridge - Waitaki system with the Southland system. As a corner of the site is subject to flooding, a certain amount of filling had to be used to raise this corner above flood-level. Road access has been levelled, a water-tower erected, concrete transformer pads have been placed in position, and a traverser track laid. The contractor has completed the oil-filter house, oil-tank pads, and workshop foundations, but erection of the workshop itself has been delayed owing to the non-delivery of steel stanchions. These are expected shortly, and the drying-out of the transformers will be commenced as soon as the building is available and the crane is erected. Arrangements are in hand for the erection of the outdoor steelwork as soon as it comes to hand. Plans are in hand for the erection of additional cottages and single men's quarters to house the substation and line staffs. Winton Substation. —Plans are in the course of preparation for the erection of additional cottages and single men's quarters. A rearrangement of the outdoor structure is also contemplated. Invercargill Substation. —Plans are in the course of preparation for the erection of additional cottages and single men's quarters. The layout of additional steel structures, transformers, and control equipment is also under consideration, in order to cope with the growth of load. Ohai Substation. —The mining load in this area is at present fed from Winton Substation over an 11 kV. line. Owing to the growth of load this line has become overloaded. Arrangements have therefore been made to secure the necessary land and erect a 66/11 kV. substation at Ohai. The necessary equipment has been ordered, and erection will be commenced at an early date. Faultsmen's Residences.—Faultsmen in outlying areas are finding great difficulty in obtaining houses, and in two instances this was found to be quite impossible. The Department is therefore providing residences at Tuatapere and Waimahaka. (c) Transmission Lines. Half-way Bush - Gore 110 kV. Line. —The survey of the section Berwick to Gore has been completed, plans prepared, and poles located for pegging. Schedules of quantities have been made out and contract documents for the lavout of material and erection of structures are ready for advertising

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when sufficient poles and cross-arms come to hand. Way-leave notices have been sent out for this section. A survey of the Half-way Bush - Berwick section is proceeding, and the preparation of plans, schedules, way-leaves, &c., is being carried out simultaneously in the field. Aerial photographs have proved of the utmost value in deciding upon the location of the line in this section. Tenders have been invited for the cartage of material on this section, and it is proposed to commence erection in May. Provided material comes to hand, it is hoped to have this line in service in December. Owing to the extreme difficulty which is being experienced in obtaining the necessary number of hardwood poles for this line, an investigation of sites suitable for a factory for the manufacture of reinforced concrete poles has been carried out and the necessary reinforcing steel for these poles has been ordered. All the necessary plant for construction has been ordered and practically all items are to hand with the exception of motor-lorries. (id) Telephone System. Steady progress is being made on the sections Wingatui-Crichton and Waipahi-Invercargill by the Railway Department where this Department's line runs on the Railway Department poles. The section Half-way Bush to Wingatui constructed by the Hydro-Electric Branch, Public Works Department, has been completed for some time, but the commencement of the section Waipahi to Crichton was delayed pending the arrival of poles. The work was commenced towards the end of February, and good progress has been made as far as the Clutha River. Enough poles are now arriving to keep the job going, but no suitable lorry is yet to hand. Arrangements have been made with the Post and Telegraph and the General Branch, Public Works Department, re the crossing of the Clutha River at the site of the new bridge at Clyde vale. It is expected that this work will be completed in two months. Approximately five miles of telephone-line were constructed from the Monowai Power-house to connect with the Post and Telegraph line to Blackmount. This has already proved its usefulness, as communication can still be maintained with Monowai should a fault on the main transmissionline put out of commission the Department's high-tension telephone-line which is run on the same poles as the transmission-line. (e) Secondary Distribution. The duplication of the seventeen-mile 11 kV. feeder to Bluff was completed during the year. Owing to the nature of the load supplied by this feeder the bulk of this work had to be done during the weekends. Additions and extensions constructed during the year to serve additional demands have been phenomenal and have severely taxed both erection gangs and transport. (2) Operation and Maintenance. '(a) Power-station and Headworks. An extremely dry summer was experienced at Monowai, resulting in a steady fall in the level of Lake Monowai, which at 31st March, was almost 5 ft. below the normal level. This made necessary the bringing into operation of the city steam-plant in Invercargill in order to conserve water, whereas in former years it has been utilized only to assist Monowai over the heavily loaded periods. During the summer months plastering work at the intake gates and surge chamber was carried out as the frosts of successive winters had caused the top layer of concrete to flake. An estimate was made of repairs and renovations which it would be necessary to carry out at the residences in the village, and tenders will shortly be called for this work. A motor capable of operating the gates at the intake to the pipe-line was installed there, and when necessary alterations have been made to the line to the intake gates it will be possible to operate these gates from the power-station. A complete set of spare stator windings and insulation for each make of machine installed in the power-station was ordered. These have now arrived and are in store at the power-station. A survey was made of the Waiau River Bridge, the bridge across the canal at Monowai, and the bridge across the Monowai River. All these bridges were found to be in need of repair. The road from the Waiau River Bridge to the headworks is also in very bad condition, and estimates were made of the cost of the carrying-out of the necessary repairs. This work will be put in hand at an early date. (b) Substations. Routine oil filtering and maintenance-work has been carried out at all substations during the year. At 12.25 p.m. on 29th July, a transformer bushing broke down at Gore Substation, the transformer was taken out of service and replaced by a spare, and supply restored at 2.10 p.m. On 18th August, a flashover on the incoming panel at Gore brought out the main line at Winton. The parts affected have since been insulated, and no further trouble from this cause has been experienced. (c) Transmission-lines. On 3rd November a heavy wind off the sea caused a flashover due to depositions of salt on the outdoor structure at Invercargill. 7—D. 1.

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On 9th November a pole caught fire on the Winton-Gore section. The fire was apparently caused by the slipping of the U bolt holding the short cross-arm supporting the insulator, thus allowing the insulator to come in contact with the pole-top. On Ist and 2nd December flashovers occurred on the airbreak switch on the outdoor structure at the Invercargill Substation. An insulator on the switch was found to be cracked, and was replaced. Owing to the fact that no systematic clearing of gorse and scrub in the neighbourhood of the lines had been undertaken for some time, outages occurred owing to fires under the lines on 11th November on the Monowai-Winton section, on sth December on the Winton-Gore section, during January on the Winton-Invercargill section, and on 6th February oil the Monowai-Winton section. Owing to the dryness of the summer, additional men were engaged, and the work of clearing the growth from under the lines was expedited. (d) Distribution-lines. Three additional line gangs have been formed with the object of undertaking a systematic overhaul of these lines, but up to date this work has been hampered by the difficulty experienced in obtaining the necessary number of motor-trucks. Records of interruptions show that by far the greatest number of these are caused by the breakdown of fuse bases, of which there are nearly five thousand throughout the system. Arrangements are in hand for the replacement of these by a more suitable type, and this work will be completed as expeditiously as possible. Interruptions due to birds contacting with earth-guards are also being eliminated by erecting stranded wire at all Post and Telegraph crossings and eliminating the guard wherever possible. (e) Consumers' Installations. Owing to the number of applications which were being received for the supply of electrical energy, consumers were experiencing delay in getting their installations inspected and passed after the premises had been wired. This branch of the service was therefore increased in numbers and placed under the control of a Chief Inspector. (/) General. Assistance was given to the General Branch in erecting the 11 kV. transmission-line and repairing apparatus at the Homer Tunnel damaged by the avalanche. During the year arrangements were made whereby consumers may make payment of their electricity accounts at any money-order post-office in the Southland Electric-power District. The arrangement means that there are now thirty-three receiving agencies in Southland at which consumers may pay their accounts. The facility is provided free to the consumers. (g) Units generated and 'purchased. Generated at Monowai .. .. .. .. .. 31,176,950 Generated by steam (Invercargill) .. .. .. .. 726,990 Total .. .. .. .. . .. 31,903,940 Of these, 15,606,623 were sold to retail consumers, 7,950,861 to bulk consumers, while 256,971 were accounted for in departmental use. The balance, representing losses, totalled 8,089,485, or 26 per cent, of the units generated. The number of active consumers on 31st March was 10,886. DESIGN OFFICE. A. Electrical Section. During the year under review a large amount of design work was involved in connection with the various hydro-electric systems controlled by the Department. With the continued growth of load in areas already served, and the extension of the Department's activities into new areas, the need for additional generating-capacity becomes apparent. In the North Island the peak load for 1937 exceeded the installed generating-capacity then in operation by an amount equal to the output of one of the two new generating-units at Arapuni. Since then both of these units have gone into commercial operation, adding 43,333 kW. of generatingcapacity, and there are indications that most, if not all, of this will be required to carry the peak load of the coming winter. With the installation of the third new generating-unit at the Waikaremoana Main Power-station, a further 20,000 kW. of generating-capacity will be made available. It should be noted, however, that this unit is being installed primarily as a much-needed standby to the two existing units at this station. In the absence of any control works at the lake outlet it is possible to utilize only the normal flow of the Waikaretaheke Stream, together with the limited storage at Lake Kaitawa. This is insufficient for the continuous operation of all three generating-units, though it may permit of their operation for peak loads of short duration. The decision to proceed with the lower development of the Waikaremoana Scheme will add a further 40,000 kW., approximately, to the installed generatingcapacity.

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In the South Island the load in the Southland area has for some time past exceeded the capacity of the Monowai Hydro-electric Station, the output of which has been supplemented by supply from the Invercargill Steam-station. In the Westland area the South Island Diesel station, which has been transferred from Lyttelton to Dobson, is now operating in parallel with the Arnold River Hydro-electric Station to supply the Grey Power Board, pending the completion of the transmission-lines from Lake Coleridge. To provide for the increasing load of the main South Island System, and the additional load which will result from the inter-connection with the Southland and Westland Systems in the near future, two additional generating-units are to be installed in Waitaki Power-station, which will add 30,000 kW. to the installed generating-capacity. To meet the growing load on the main substations the installed transformer-capacity is being increased by 30,000 kVA. at Penrose Substation, 20,000 kVA. at Kliandallah Substation, and 40,000 kVA. at Addington Substation. At a number of the smaller substations the installed transformer-capacity is being increased either by the addition of a second bank of transformers, or by the replacement of existing banks by others of larger capacity where two banks are already installed. At substations where the voltage is liable to fluctuate appreciably and synchronous condensers or other means of voltage correction are not provided, the new transformer banks are being fitted with automatic on-load tap-changing equipment to maintain constant output voltage. In the Waikato district automatic on-load regulating-transformers are being provided for existing transformer banks to achieve the same result. Lake Coleridge-Waitaki System. Waitaki Power-station. —In connection with the extensions to Waitaki Power-station, drawings and specifications were prepared for tendering purposes for main turbines and generators, voltageregulating equipment, indoor switchgear and control equipment, 11 kV. to 110 kV. transformer banks, and 110 kV. outdoor switchgear and steelwork. Quick-response excitation is being provided to ensure stability in the electrical operation of the system. Half-way Bush Substation. —Layout and foundation drawings were prepared for the 110 kV. steelwork and switchgear extensions, including controlling oil-circuit breakers for the transmissionlines to Gore and Oamaru. Drawings and specifications were prepared for control and relay panels for the 110 kV. equipment, together with detail wiring diagrams for these panels. Timaru Substation. —In view of the projected change-over of this substation from 66 kV. to 110 kV. operation, the existing 66 kV. oil-circuit breakers and step-down transformers are being replaced by 110 kV. equipment. The present equipment will be utilized for extensions in other parts of the system which will operate permanently at 66 kV. In the meantime, part of the equipment will operate at 66 kV., and part at 110 kV., as the interconnecting auto-transformers are remaining at this substation for the present. Foundation drawings have been prepared for the 110 kV. oil-circuit breakers, and preliminary drawings for tendering purposes for the transformer banks which will be fitted with automatic on-load tap-changing equipment. Palmerston South Substation. —The design work for this substation is being carried out by the Christchurch office. The initial equipment includes a 2,250 kVA. bank of 110 kV to 11 kV. transformers, with automatic on-load tap-changing equipment, a 110 kV. air-break switch for connecting the bank to the transmission-line, and liquid fuses for overload protection. Addington Substation. —Drawings were prepared for tendering purposes for the two new 20,000 kVA. banks of 66/11 kV. transformers. Westland Area. In order to supply power for the Otira Tunnel electrification which is at present supplied from a steam-station nearby, a substation is to be erected at Otira. The equipment at this substation will include 66 kV. switchgear for two through-transmission lines, and one 3,000 kVA. bank of transformers, with provision for a second future bank. A preliminary layout was prepared for the substation and outdoor switchgear. Arahura Substation. —The design work carried out for this substation included foundation drawings for 5,000 kVA. synchronous condenser, and control equipment, foundation details for 11 kV. indoor switchgear, and cable ducts. The design work for the 66 kV. switchgear for the Westland substations and all the design work for the remaining substations is being done by Christchurch office. Southland System. Gore Substation. —Detail drawings and specifications were prepared for the building contract for workshop building and oil-filter house. Layout and foundation drawings were prepared for the 110 kV. and 66 kV. switchgear, and 110/66 kY. interconnecting auto-transformers. Drawings and specifications were prepared for the control and relay panels for the above equipment, together with detail wiring diagrams for these panels and associated equipment. The existing 66/11 kY. transformers at this substation will shortly be replaced by a new 5,000 kVA. bank, with automatic on-load tap-changing eqiupment. Detail drawings and specifications were prepared for a traverser truck for handling the transformers. Ohai Substation. —A preliminary layout was prepared for the 66 kV. switchgear, and 750 kVA. bank of 66/11 kV. step-down transformers. Initially, this substation will be equipped with air-break switches for supplying the transformers from either transmission-line and liquid fuses for overload protection.

7*

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Mangahao-Waikaremoana System. With the interconnection of the main North Island power-stations, and recent increase In generating-capacity, the 11 kV. oil-circuit breakers at Mangahao Power-station are now inadequate to meet the exacting service under short-circuit conditions, and are being replaced by new equipment of larger rupturing-capacity. For the same reason, the 11 kV. oil-circuit breakers at Khandallah Substation are being replaced with others of larger rupturing-capacity, the displaced switchgear in this case being transferred to Hamilton No. 1 Substation to replace inadequate equipment at that substation. The decision to proceed with the erection of the 110 kV. transmission-iine from Masterton to Melling involves new controlling switchgear and equipment at both substations. The erection of this section will provide an alternative supply-line to Khandallah via Masterton. The 110 kV. transmission-line from Napier to Woodville, which carries the bulk of the output from Waikaremoana Power-station, has been subject to severe overloading for some years, and the decision to proceed with its duplication will reduce the transmission losses on this section materially. For this line controlling switchgear is being provided at Woodville and Napier substations, and steelwork for terminating the sections thereof at intermediate substations with an air-break sectional izing switch at Waipawa. Khandallah Substation. —A layout drawing was prepared for the steelwork, switchgear, transformers, and other outdoor equipment, showing the proposed location of equipment on order. Drawings and specifications were prepared for the control panels for the outdoor equipment. New equipment being installed at this substation includes 20,000 kVA. bank of 110/11 kV. transformers, 110 kV. switchgear and steelwork for this bank, and for the Khandallah-Melling-Masterton trans-mission-line, potential transformers for line-relay protection, with combined disconnecting switches and fuses for their isolation and protection, and additional lightning-arresters. Drawings and specifications were prepared for the 110 kV. switchgear and steelwork. Detail drawings and specifications were prepared for a two-stall reinforced-concrete garage. Melling Substation. —Drawings and specifications were prepared for 110 kV. switchgear for the Melling-Masterton transmission-line, and an additional bay of steelwork, which also provides for a second transformer bank at a later date. Masterton Substation. —Drawings and specifications were prepared for tendering purposes for 110 kV. switchgear for Masterton-Melling line, together with a fourth bay of steelwork for mounting. The contract includes also switchgear for duplicate three-phase 110/11 kV. transformers, switchgear for potential transformers for line-relay protection, and for the existing Masterton-Mangamaire line. Some of this switchgear will replace existing equipment, which is nearing the end of its useful life. Woodville Substation. —Detail drawings and specifications were prepared for tendering purposes for a reinforced-concrete control-room and workshop building. Drawings and specifications were prepared for 110 kV. switchgear for the second NapierWoodville line, and two additional bays of steelwork complete with bus-bars and bus-bar sectionalizing switches. The drawings and specifications for this contract include also the steelwork and switchgear for this line at the other substation en route, together with other new or replacement equipment required for the switchgear installations thereat. Dannevirke Substation. —Two new bays of steelwork are included, together with four new airbreak switches for existing equipment, bus-bars, and connections for second three-phase 110 kV transformer, and through connections for the second line. Waipawa Substation. —One new bay of steelwork is being added with connections and sectionalizing air-break switch for second line, and four replacement air-break switches for existing equipment. Napier Substation. —Switchgear for the new line is being added. Bunnythorpe Substation. —Drawing was prepared for tendering purposes for 10,000 kVA., 110/11 kV. transformer bank. Mangahao Power-station and Village.—Drawings and specifications were prepared for tendering purposes for twelve cottages in two contracts together with extensions to water-supply and sewerage systems, and garages for rental for private cars of operating staff, comprising one five-stall communal garage, one two-stall, and two single-car garages. Some of these cottages will replace existing temporary accommodation, and others are required for the extra staff required due to the introduction of the forty-hour week. Waikaremoana Power-station and Village.—Drawings and specifications were prepared for tendering purposes for 110 kV. switchgear for the third generating-unit, and for a proposed installation of reactors to limit the maximum rupturing duty of the 11 kV. switchgear on short-circuit to its safe rupturing-capacity. Detail drawings and specifications were prepared for eight five-roomed cottages, together with extensions to roading, water-supply, and drainage ; and for a new building for single men's and visitors' accommodation. Drawings and specifications were prepared for garages for rental for private cars. Specifications were prepared for air-conditioning equipment for the control-room. Waikaremoana Loiver Development. —A preliminary layout of building and equipment on site was prepared. Arapuni-Horahora System. Arapuni Power-station. —The design work for the extensions to the power-station and outdoor station was completed except for a few minor details. A new Superintendent's office in reinforced concrete has been added to the original power-station annexe to free the present office for much-needed stores accommodation. A new blacksmiths' shop in reinforced concrete, and a reinforced-concrete kiosk for housing the distribution switchgear for the outdoor station extensions, have also been built. The installation of control and power cables which involved about four hundred cable runs for

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extensions in hand, and provision for additional cables for future units Nos. 5 and 6 called for a large amount of detail design work for layout of cables, and details of cable cleats and supporting steelwork. With a view to simplifying the layout as much as possible, up to nineteen conductors have been grouped in a single cable in a number of cases. The installation of lighting and auxiliary power circuits and fittings was another item which involved a large amount of detail design work. A feature of this installation is the new system of lighting for the control-room. In any control-room a high intensity of illumination is demanded, and careful planning is necessary to avoid glare and reflection from the instrument glasses. The position of this control-room demands artificial lighting twenty-four hours per day, and it was finally decided to provide a system of lay-lighting. Penrose Substation.—The new 20,000 kVA., 11 kV. synchronous condenser for this substation is being arranged for semi-automatic operation, and is equipped with closed circuit air-circulating system and quick-response excitation. It is connected to the 22 kV. bus-bars through its own bank of transformers. The cooling water-supply for the circulating-air coolers will be recirculated through the cooling-tower for the adjacent Diesel station. A preliminary layout drawing was prepared for the synchronous condenser and equipment, and a traverser truck for handling the transformers was designed. Foundation drawings were prepared for this bank of transformers, the new 30,000 kVA., 110/22 kV. bank, and for two new oil-circuit breakers which will replace existing equipment. Hamilton No. 1 Substation. —In connection with the transfer of the 11 kV. oil-circuit breakers from Kkandallah Substation, drawings and specifications were prepared for the equipment required to complete the new switchgear installations. Bombay Substation. —Drawings were prepared for tendering purposes for two new 3,000-kVA. banks of 50/11 kV. transformers with oil-load tap-changing equipment. Foundation drawings were prepared for a 5,000 kVA. bank of 110/50 kV. transformers, six 110 kV. oil-circuit breakers, and one 50 kV. oil-circuit breaker. Ongarue Substation. —Preliminary layout drawing of 110 kV. equipment on site was prepared. Henderson Substation. —With the increasing load of the North Auckland area, the existing 50 kV. lines from Penrose to this substation are becoming inadequate, and additional 110 kV. lines are being considered. To provide for these lines and for the necessary 110/50 kV. transformer banks a rearrangement and partial replacement of the existing 50 kV. switchgear and steelwork is involved. A layout drawing showing this rearrangement has been prepared. Drawings and specifications were prepared for tendering purposes for the new 50 kV. switchgear and steelwork, and for two new 3,000 kVA. banks of 50/11 kV. transformers with on-load tap-changing equipment. Maungatapere Substation. —Drawings were prepared for an additional bay of steelwork and 50 kV. switchgear to provide for the extension of the line to proposed substations in Bay of Islands Electric-power District. Waikato Substations: General.—-Drawings and specifications were prepared for switchgear cubicles for isolating and short-circuiting switchgear for the automatic on-load regulating transformers which are being installed at a number of substations. Wiring diagrams were prepared for 11 kV. outdoor switchgear and metering-cubicles for North Auckland Substations. Transmission-lines. West Coast (66 kY. lines) r— (a) Lake Coleridge to Arahura, via Arthur's Pass and Otira. Double circuit. (b) Arahura to Blackwater, via Dobson. Single circuit. Work on above lines was continued from last year. Charts prepared for locating supports and stringing conductors. On account of late delivery of poles, several alternatives have been investigated. Dunedin-Gore (110 kV. line). —Work continued from last year. Details of supporting structures supplied for use in the field, and deviations in the route of the line at the Clutha River crossing and the Taieri Aerodrome investigated. Arapuni-Edgecumbe (110 kV. line). —A resumption of the work on this line, started some years ago, was made. The preliminary location of supports on route plans was completed and material ordered. Special work consists of steel towers for lake and river crossings, steel-cored aluminium conductors for a section near Tikitere Springs where sulphur fumes are injurious to copper, and short poles for about ten miles east of Rotoiti Township on account of difficult access to route of line. Arapuni-Penrose (110 kV. line). —There is already a single-circuit wood-pole line and a doublecircuit steel-tower line between Arapuni and Penrose, but the growth of load requires additional transmission-line capacity, and a second double-circuit steel-tower line is in hand. A specification and outline drawings were prepared and tenders called for the towers. Designs submitted by tenderers were analysed to ascertain their compliance with the specification, and a strength chart made for use on final location of towers on the route. Melling-Masterton (110 kV. line). —This line has to cross over the Rimutaka Range, and on account of the rough country steel towers are to be employed between Melling and Featherston. The specification for the towers and outline drawings were prepared. Tenders were called for, and designs submitted by tenderers were analysed to see if they complied with the specification. Several matters connected with the route of the line were also investigated. Material was ordered for the wood-pole section, Masterton to Featherston. Miscellaneous. —Drawing prepared and steelwork ordered for converting existing 66 kV. steel towers at Rangitata River to 110 kV. construction. These towers are on the line between Ashburton and Timaru, the voltage of which is to be raised in the near future. Field data also supplied in connection with restringing part of the river crossing with steel-cored aluminium.

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Further work has been done on standard specifications for New South Wales timber poles and cross-arms, with a view to a more uniform inspection. Several other Government Departments have co-operated in this work. General. With the modern practice of housing the control equipment for a power-station in a control-room designed to exclude all extraneous noise, the heat from the control apparatus frequently makes conditions unsatisfactory for the operating stafi. To remedy this, air-conditioning equipment is being provided for Waikaremoana Power-station control-room, and is under consideration for Arapuni. Specifications were prepared for rectifier-charging equipments for Bombay, Arahura, Gore, Dobson, and Half-way Bush substations. With the growing scarcity of suitable supplies of hardwood poles, an investigation of various types of reinforced-concrete poles was undertaken to ascertain the most suitable design for transmissionline work. Preliminary work carried out includes tests of various grades of concrete, trials of types of reinforcement, method of vibratory placing, manufacture of sections of full-size poles, design of moulds, and manufacturing-equipment. Specifications were prepared, and design work for electrical equipment carried out as required for Mechancial Branch and other Departments. Registration certificates were prepared and draughting-work carried out as required for the Wiremen's Registration Board. The plotting of operating data for the various systems, including lake-level and river-flow data, maximum loads, and weekly output for generating-stations, maximum demands and consumption of energy for Local Supply Authorities, and other major consumers was continued throughout the year. The reorganization of the plan recording and filing system was undertaken, and a cross-indexing card-system was inaugurated. Approximately three thousand prints of contractors drawings and eight hundred departmental drawings were indexed and recorded. B. Hydraulic Section. Investigation of Power Resources. Proposals for further development of the South Island system during the next ten years have been prepared. These comprise : —• (1) A power-station in the Rakaia Valley opposite Methven, to develop approximately 20,000 kW. with water from the Rangitata River, conveyed by irrigation canals during the irrigation off-season ; (2) A power-station about 20,000 kW. at Tekapo, combined with a low-regulating dam to conserve water for the winter season. This conservation will permit of further development of the Waitaki scheme ; and (3) Completion of the Waitaki Power-station to 75,000 kW. Investigations in the Waikato River basin, which were suspended on account of lack of staff, have been resumed. When completed a schedule for further development will be prepared for the North Island. New Development. During the year testing for foundations and the physical properties of the country were so far advanced that recommendations were submitted for a further development at Waikaremoana, taking the water discharged from the main station and generating power in a new station about two miles downstream. The various features of the scheme have been worked out and the general features of design prepared. Arnold River Development. When the Department took over this development from the Grey Electric-power Board some erosion had taken place below the dam, and the Board had prepared places and were engaged on remedial measures. This work was taken over and redesigned, and construction is well advanced. The Department has also taken over the erection of gates on the dam, raising pondage-level a further 10 ft. Before these can be utilized, however, some alterations are required at the surge chamber. River-flow Statistics. Collection and recording of river-flow data has been continued, and study has been given to the characteristics of the discharge from catchments of different types, and of the frequency and intensity of floods and droughts. ELECTRIC-POWER BOARDS. There are now forty-five electric-power districts constituted, and forty-one Electric-power Boards (including Westland Power, Ltd., operating under delegated license) are actually carrying out the distribution and sale of ■ electrical energy (August, 1938). The total area covered is 71,816 square miles, or 69-4 per cent, of the total area of the Dominion (103,415 square miles) ; the total population under this form of control is 1,060,977, or 66-6 per cent, of the total population (1,591,974) of the Dominion; and the unimproved value of the land included in the electric-power districts and outer areas is £231,317,557, or 78 per cent, of the total unimproved value of the Dominion (£295,695,574).

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So far only one of the four main cities —viz., Auckland—has been included in the inner area of an electric-power district, but of the secondary centres the cities of Wanganui and Palmerston North, and the boroughs of Timaru, Napier, Hastings, Blenheim, Greymouth, Gisborne, and Oamaru are included. The advantage of Power Board organization is more obvious to rural than to urban ratepayers, and yet the above position indicates that some of the more important centres have realized that it is to their advantage generally to be associated with the country in undertaking the work of reticulation of electric power on a comprehensive scale. Table VIII gives details of the gazetted date of constitution, the area, population, and rateable value of each of forty-five power districts already formed, also the amounts of the loans already authorized, and the voting on polls taken. The total amount of the loans authorized by the forty-one districts (including Bay of Islands not yet in service) which have taken polls is £13,344,700. The population of the districts concerned is 972,477 (including the population of separately licensed boroughs forming part of the electric-power district and represented on the Power Board), so that the loans authorized amount to £13-74 per head of population, as compared with £14-22 last year. The unimproved valuation of the districts is £208,121,505, the loans authorized amounting to 6-3 per cent, of the unimproved rateable value of the lands pledged as security for the loans. The aggregate voting at the polls totalled 76,160 for and 13,835 against the respective loan proposals. Table XI shows the capital outlay incurred by each Board up to the end of the financial year 1937-38, together with the revenue and annual expenditure. The total capital outlay by the forty Boards which are in operation is £13,607,497, practically all of which is on works in service. The gross revenue from the sale of electricity by these Boards was £2,580,956. The general result is a profit over the whole business of the Power Boards of £179,252 for appropriation to reserve funds, &c., after paying working-expenses and capital charges for interest, sinking fund, and depreciation. During the last year three of the Boards struck a general rate, which was collected in all cases, and the following table gives details of the rates levied and collected : —

Rates collected by Electric-power Boards for Year ended 31st March, 1938.

LOCAL ELECTRIC-SUPPLY SYSTEMS. Including the eight Government plants, there are now (31st March, 1938) forty-one public electricpower stations operating in the Dominion. Ninety-one local electric-supply authorities are directly engaged in the retail sale of electricity, and the following table shows the proportion using Government-generated power : —

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—.—_ - . —JGeneral Rate. Availability Rate. Special Rates. j Name of Board j ; I Amount collected Levied. j Collected. Levied, j Collected. Levied. Collected. I ' ! d. £ £ d. £ £ Banks Peninsula .. 0-02 and 2,449* .. .. .. 2,449* 0-18 Malvern .. .. -fa 1,927* .. .. •• 1,927* Marlborough .. .. . • • • 128* .. •. 128* Manawatu-Oroua .. .. 25* .. .. •. • • 25* Otago .. .. .. 348* .. .. • ■ • • 348* Taranaki.. .. .. • • • • 25* .. .. 25* Wairoa .. .. A- 1 > 186* • • • • • • • • 1' 1®®* Totals, 1938 .. .. 5,935 .. 153 .. .. 6,088 1937 .. .. 13,358 130 .. .. 13,513 * Includes arrears for previous years.

Using Government Supply (63). . Class of Local Authority controlling No n-Govwnment Electric-supply System. g ! (g8)< Wholly. Partial. j Total. Power Board .. .. .. .. 29 (a) § 4 (b) (d) § 33 7 (c) § City Council operating own reticulation 3 (e) 2 (/) 5 1 (g) Borough Council operating own reticulation 12 (h) 7 (i) 19 9 (j) County Council operating own reticulation 2 (k) .. 2 3 (I) Town Board operating own reticulation .. 1 (m) 1 (n) 2 1 (o) Company .. . • • • • - • • • • • • 5 (?) Private .. ■ • • • • • ■ • • • • • (?) Tourist Department (Botorua) .. 1 • • 1 Public Works Department, Southland .. 1 (r) .. 1 49 14 63 28 V J Y 91 For notes, see next page.

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§ Included in these respective areas are the following cities, boroughs, and town districts : —

r (d) Opunake, South Taranaki, Taranaki, and O.tago (through Dunedin City Corporation). I (e) Palmers ton North, Christchurch (including New Brighton Borough), Invercargill. | (/) Wellington, Dunedin (including St. Kilda, Port Chalmers, West Harbour, Green Island, and Mosgiel Boroughs and Outram Town District). 3 \h) Bluff, Hamilton, Kaiapoi, Lyttelton, Napierf, Rangiora, Riccarton, Sumner, Te ArohaU, ® (.i) Whakatane, Waitara, Inglewood, New Plymouth, Stratford, Patea, Taihape. o (j) Ohakune, Picton, Queenstown, Raetihi, Taumarunui, Tauranga,, Te Puke, Westport, Whangarei. g- (k) Heathcote, Waimairi. ® (I) Kaikoura, Murehison, Uawa. (to) Mangaweka. S (n) Kaponga (through Taranaki Power Board). § (o) Manunui. 03 (p) Included boroughs (Hokitika, Kumara, Whangarei). (q) Rawene, Kohukohu. (r) Includes seven boroughs (Bluff (also scheduled under (h)), Gore, Mataura, Riverton, South Invercargill, lapanui. Winton), and five town districts (Edendale, Lumsden, Nightcaps, Otautau, Wyndham). If Also scheduled under {a).

Summary of Numbers of Cities, Boroughs, and Town Districts.

Public electric supply is not yet available in the following boroughs and town districts (Kohukohu Town District has partial private supply) : — Boroughs ' Town Districts. Arrowtown (South Island). Clinton (South Island). Kawhia (North Island). Naseby (South Island). Kaikohe (North Island).* Kohukohu (North Island). Ross (South Island). Kaitaia (North Island).* Ohura (North Island). Kawakawa (North Island).* Russell (North Island).* * To be reticulated for electric supply from Bay of Islands Power Board's System. Negotiations have been completed between the North Auckland Electric-power Board and the Kamo Town Board for the acquisition of the latter's reticulation system in Kamo, and for the inclusion of the town district as a constituent portion of the North Auckland Electric-power District.

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„ lb) Taking partial Supply (c) Using Non-Government (a) Taking whole Supply from Government. from Government. Supply. Cities (2). Boroughs (61). Town Districts (38). Boroughs (9). j Town districts Boroughs (0). Town Bjstri ,ts Auckland Akaroa. New Lynn. Bulls. Te Karaka. Balclutha. Manaia. Alexandra. Tahunanui. Wanganui. Ashburton. Newmarket. Ellerslio. Te Kauwhata. Eltham. Normanby. Blenheim. Takaka. Birkenhead. Ngaruawahia. Glen Eden. Tinwald. Hawera. Cromwell. Brunner. Northoote. Haveloek North. Tuakau. Kaitangata. Motueka. Cambridge. Oamaru. Helensville. Turua. Lawrence. Richmond. Carterton. Onehunga Henderson. Waiuku. Milton. Roxburgh. Dannevirke. One Tree Hill. Hikurangi. I Warkworth. Opunake. Dargaville. Opotiki. Howick. Waverley. Palmerston Devonport. Otahuhu. Hunterville. South. Eastbourne. Otaki. Johnsonville. Waikouaiti. Eketahuna. Paeroa. _ Kaino. Featherston. Pahiatua. Kihikihi. ; Feilding. Petone. Leamington. Eoxton. Pukekohe. Leeston. Geraldine. Runanga. Mangaweka. Gisborne. Shannon. Manurewa. Greymouth. Takapuna. Mercer. Greytown Te Awamutu. Ohaupo. Hampden. Te Aroha. Onerahi. Hastings. Te Kuiti. Ormondville. Huntly. Temuka. Otorohanga. Levin. Thames. Papakura. Lower Hutt. Timaru. Papatoetoe. Martinborough. Upper Hutt. Patutahi. Marton. Waihi. Pleasant Point. Masterton. Waimate. Putaruru. Matamata. Waipawa. Raglan. Morrinsville. Waipukurau. Rongotea. Mt. Albert. Wairoa. Southbridge. Mt. Eden. Woodville. Taradale. Napier. [

North Island. South Island. Cities. I Boroughs. clties ' ' Boroughs, j Di^r ™ s . Number .. .. • • • • • • 68 4$ 4 49 14 Electricity available in .. .. 4 68 42 4 46 13 Government supply available in .. 4 62 37 3 35 10 Taking whole supply from Government .. .3* 52 34 2 23 9 * Wellington City takes practically the whole of its supply, although listed as " partial supply."

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Negotiations were also finalized with the Grey Electric-power Board for the acquiring by the Public Works Department of the Board's hydro-electric generating-station on the Arnold River. The Board now purchases its electric supply in bulk from the Government. Havelock North Town Board's hydro-electric plant has been sold to the Hawke's Bay Electricpower Board and is now classified as standby. A new agreement has been reached between the New Plymouth Borough Council and the Public Works Department in connection with the purchase of bulk supply from the Government. Owing to increasing demands for additional power in Taumarunui which cannot be supplied from the Council's present generating-station at Piriaka, negotiations have been finalized between the Borough Council and the Public Works Department whereby the Council will take bulk supply from the Government. Discussion has also taken place between Whakatane Borough Council and the Bay of Plenty Power Board regarding purchase of bulk supply by the Council from the Board, with the ultimate intention of closing the Council's hydro-generating station. This, in turn, will affect the maximum demand of the Bay of Plenty Power Board on the Government system, and has been the subject of negotiation and agreement between the Board and the Public Works Department. The net residt of the above negotiations as affecting the Public Works Department is that the local generating stations previously operated by the supply authorities concerned now come by agreement under the control of the Public Works Department and thus become part of the national electric-supply system, During the year the Taranaki Power Board increased its installed generating-capacity in Tariki Station by the addition of one 1,600 kW. unit. The total installed capacity (excluding standby plant) is at present 279,910 kW. The increase of 44,401 kW. is due mainly to the placing in service of two 21,600 kW. units at Arapuni. The proportion of installed plant as at 31st March, 1938, is as follows : — Stations. Kilowatts. Water-power (excluding 11 standby installations) .. ..35 278,905 99-64 Steam-power (excluding standby plants at Portland (3,190 kW.), Auckland (41,160 kW.), Wanganui (500 kW.), Wellington (24,000 kW.), Invercargill (1,000 kW.), Waihi,f Huntly (1,500 kW.), Dunedin (1,875 kW.), Christchurch (1,500 kW.), Nelson (500 kW.), Hokitika (625 kW.): totalling 75,850 kW., 10 stations) .. .. .. .. ■ .. 1 750 0-27 Gas - power (excluding standby plants at Palmerston North (816 kW.), Westport (210 kW.), Kaikoura (37 kW.), Taihape (75 kW.) : totalling 1,138 kW., 4 stations) .. 0 Oil-power (excluding standby plants at Penrose (3,750 kW.), Dobson (5,760 kW.), Palmerston North (2,000 kW.), Dunedin (860 kW.), Blenheim (1,356 kW.), Hastings (1,087 kW.), Gisborne (980 kW.), Ashburton (160 kW.), Napier (400 kW.), Thames (262 kW.), Opunake (148 kW.), Ohakune (113 kW.), Hawera (485 kW.), Oamaru (192 kW.), New Plymouth (350 kW.), Hokitika (Kanieri), (150 kW.), Hokitika (200 kW.), Motueka (110 kW.), Patea (64 kW.), Reefton (80 kW.), Queenstown (128 kW.) : totalling 18,635 kW., 21 stations) .. 5 255 0-09 Totals .. .. .. .. ..41 279,910 100-00 Additional standby plant of 9 kW. in the main station at Kohukohu brings the total standby oil-driven plant to 18,644 kW. t 1,640 kW. plant partially dismantled at present. The number of consumers supplied has increased from 371,027 to 388,580, an increase of 17,553, or 4-73 per cent, for the year. The total population included in the various electric-supply areas is 1,485,239, or 93-3 per cent, of the total population of the Dominion, so that the ideal of a supply being available to every home in the Dominion is well on the way to realization. The maximum demand per head of population in the areas supplied now exceeds the allocation of 0-15 kW., or 0-2 horse-power, per head of population, the original basis of the design of the Government schemes. Table X shows, for each supply authority, the average maximum demand per consumer. The units sold per head of population supplied were 659, as compared with 587 last year. (See footnote on Table X.) The total length of transmission and distribution line in service is 24,407 route-miles, as compared with 23,322 last year, an increase of 1,085 miles, or 4-66 per cent. This fact would seem to indicate that there is a steady demand for the extension of electric lines to meet the requirements of the rural areas. " The number of consumers per route-mile is 15-92, as compared with 15-90 last year. The new factor introduced in 1936 for comparative purposes as " Units sold per £1 of distribution capital," appears again this year in Table X. Last year this index figure was computed from the

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total units sold (section 9 of P.P. 15*) divided by the capital outlay shown opposite subsections (c) and (d) of section 15 of F.P. 15. This year, however, the basis has been altered and the figures for capital outlay on transmission and distribution include all capital which cannot be charged to the generating system (if any). The sales per route-mile of line were 40,100 units, and the gross revenue £233f. The units are greater than last year (36,800), and there is an increase in revenue as against £220 last year, due to a general reduction in selling-rates and to load-building campaigns. The following supply authorities notified tariff reductions during the year: Power Boards —Bay of Plenty, Franklin, Horowhenua, Malvern, Tauranga, Waimea, Wairere, Waitemata, Waitomo. Cities —Wellington, Invercargill. Boroughs —Taihape, Te Aroha, Te Puke, Thames. This increase can also be attributed to a decided improvement in the economic conditions which have prevailed during the past three years, and an examination of the table under " Growth of Load " reveals interesting figures in connection with "Electric Cooking and Electric Water-heating" for the 1935-38 period. Out of the ninety-one distributing authorities (including Public Works Department, North Island and South Island systems, and excluding Ross Borough), seventy-nine showed a profit for the year amounting to £889,848, and twelve showed a loss amounting to £11,254. The gross revenue (including bulk sales, but excluding rates) was £5,686,397, and the general result is a profit for the whole Dominion of £878,594 after paying working-costs (£2,803,711) and capital (interest, sinking fund, and depreciation exchange, &c.) charges (£2,004,092) at the rate of 5-64 per cent, on the total capital outlay of £35,527,342. This shows a net profit of 2-47 per cent., as compared with 1-66 per cent, last year. The business on the whole is thus a thoroughly sound and remunerative one as well as supplying a public necessity to 93-3 per cent, of the population of the Dominion. The following table summarizes the results of the year's operations in connection with electric supply throughout the Dominion, and Tables XI and XII show the financial statistics for each supply authority. It should be noted that the method of compilation and computation adopted for the following table is slightly difEerent to that of years previous to 1933 : —

Notes : Main Stations. (a) Hydro-electric: Arapuni, Horahora, Mangahao, Waikaremoana, Coleridge, Waitaki, Monowai, Arnold River, Golden Bay, Marlborough, Opunake, Otago Central, Taranaki, Teviot, Waimea (2), Wairere, Dunedin, New Plymouth, Queenstown, Raetihi, Ross, Taihape, Taumarunui, Tauranga (2), Westport, Whakatane, Kaponga, Murchison. Kerikeri, Kanieri, Reefton, Wairua Falls, Westland Power, Ltd. Total, 35. (b) Steam : Nelson. Total, 1. (c) Oil: Picton, Kaikoura, Uawa, Rawene, Kohukohu. Total, 5. Standby Stations. (d) Hydro-electric: Akaroa, Fairlie, Hawera, Havelock North, Kourarau, Oamaru, Ohakune, Patea, Rotorua, Te Aroha, Thames. T ° ta (e) Steam: Huntly, Auckland, Wanganui, Christchurch, Dunedin, Invercargill, Nelson, Wellington, Portland, Westland Power, Ltd. Total, 10. (f) Gas: Palmerston North, Taihape, Westport, Kaikoura. Total, 4. (J) Oil • Penrose, Dobson (ex Lyttelton), Ashburton, Hastings, Blenheim, Opunake, Gisborne, Hawera, Motueka, Oamaru, Dunedin, Palmerston North, Napier, New Plymouth, Ohakune, Patea, Thames, Kanieri, Reefton, Westland Power, Ltd., Queenstown. Total, 21.

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— Water. Steam. 1 Gas. Oil. Total. 1. Number of main stations .. .. No. 35(a) 1(6) .. 5(c) 41 2. Installed capacity (main plam,) .. kW. 278,905 750 .. 255 279,910 3. Number of standby plants .. .. No. 11((Z) 10(e) 4(/) 21(j) 46 4. Installed ca,paeity (standby plant) .. kW. 3,706 75,850 1,138 18,644 99,338 5. Number of consumers .. .. No. 384,443 3,320 .. 817 388,580 6. Connected load kW. 1,664,793 10,778 .. 1,118 1,676,689 7. Units generated .. .. .. No. 1,237,382,46810,038,915 186,079 2,160,993 1,249,768,455 . v J 8. Units sold to consumers (Table X) .. No. 978,233,920 9. Percentage of non-productive units % 21-78 10. Total operative capital (including distri- £ 35,527,342 buting systems and standby plant) 11. Total capital per kilowatt installed £ 93-65 (including distributing systems, &c.) 12. Annual working-costs .. £ 1,429,562J 13. Annual working-cost per unit under d. 0-350 section 8 14. Annual capital costs (interest, sinking £ 2,004,092 fund, and depreciation) 15. Annual capital cost per unit under d. 0-492 section 8 16. Annual capital costs as percentage of %•- 5-64 capital 17. Total annual costs (section 12 plus £ 3,433,654 section 14) 18. Total annual cost per unit under section 8 d. 0-842 19. Total annual revenue (from retail sale £ 4,190,838 of electricity) 20. Average revenue per unit (from sections d. 1-028 19 and 8) 21. Gross revenue (excluding rates and bulk £ 4,306,,754 SEtlcsj 22. Net profit (section 21 less section 17) .. £ 873,100 23. Ratio working-costs to gross revenue % 33-20 (section 12 and section 21) * Annual statistical return furnished to Government Statistician by electric supply authorities. t This figure is distinct from that of £228, shown in Table XIII, which is compiled on revenue from sale of electricity only. t After deducting cost of power purchased in bulk (Table XI).

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BROKEN WIRES AND POLES. There were 1,386 broken wires reported by electric-supply authorities, with 119,432 miles of conductor erected. The corresponding figures for the previous year were 2,006 broken wires and 108,249 miles of conductor in use. Falling trees were again the principal cause of the breaks, and accounted for 29 - 4 per cent, of the total, as against 28 per cent, for 1937. As regards broken poles, 323 instances were reported for the year, of which 111, or 34-4 per cent., were New Zealand blue-gum. For 1937 the total number of broken poles reported was 574, and it is still evident that electricsupply authorities who experimented with'vNow Zealand blue-gum and nondescript Australian hardwoods during the past decade are now being called upon to make replacements sooner than the anticipated life of fifteen years for poles used on distribution lines.

Actual Mileages and Sizes of Overhead Conductors in use at 31st March, 1938.

No returns of conductor mileages received from Auckland, Christchurch, and Heathcote.

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„ a h.mtninm Galvanized Galvanized rwierweld Steel-cored Bronze. Copper. Aluminium. steel Iron uopperweia. Aluminium. u Size of ; pS Conductors • T~ I <S - W - G ' ) - Miles. ~ Miles. =£* Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. 7/20 „ 6,825 329 7/18 .. 13,266 312 sl2 7/17 .. 3,018 26 •• 7/16 .. 24,464 211 44 .. 238 4 103 153 21o 7/15 241 .. .. • • •• • • •• • • •• • • 203 7/14 " 12,558 78 25 .. 22 .. 7 1,067 2 .. 80 7/13 .. 1,277 .. 14 .. 5 .. 2 145 2 .. .. 2 7/12 . . 561 .. 141 3 7 5 .. 19 3 7/11 .. .. 2 7/10 .. 81 .. 216 12 •• 51 7/9 .. 76 .. 2 .. 5 7/8 1 4j 19/18 . . 403 4 4 19/17 . . 625 1 * 19/16 .. 1,774 5 19/15 .. 195 1 \ 19/14 . . 642 1 1 19/13 ..3,194 19/12 .. 589 2 19/10 37/16 .. 56 37/15 .. 403 37/14 .. 95 37/13 .. 23 • • 37/12 .. 80 111 66/13 .. 2 12 .. . . 2,617 61 1 • ■ 86 . . 12 61 10 9 273 157 .. • • 304 .. 222 .. 423 8 .. .. 30 . . 165 8 :: :: 13 497 103 .. .. 4,7 96 is 5,575 22 i,m 1 7 .. .. 764 9 227 .. 92 9 6 .. 289 1 ..US 2 149 .. 167 2 5 K , .. .. .. .. .. .. .... 7 1 .. 593 79 ■ ■ 2 2 . .. 67 0 .. 79 „ c 2/0 .. • • • • 9 5 ■ • ■ • •• • • • ■ .. 59 .. .. •• o 3/0 .. 4 339 3/12 .. 149 .. 17 3/11 4 3/10 .. 25 .. 3 3/9 6 3/8 6 4/16 . . 4/14 253 1 5/14 209 •• ,, •: 7/-167 . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •' '" " ' Miscellaneous.. 58 12 1 .. .. 2 .. 12 Telephone-wires 455 .. .. .. 1,164 .. 710 .. 1,203 Totals .. I 489 8 7,124 25 7,083 j 22 3,123 11 2,967 j 9 30 [ .. 1,386 Grand total, 119,432 miles.

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GROWTH OF LOAD. The total connected load at end of the year under review was 1,676,689 kW., compared with 1,476,487 for 1937, an increase of 200,202 kW., or 13-55 per cent. Statistics pertaining to the increasing use of electric ranges, electric water-heaters, and milkingmachines have been collected and scheduled for some years past, and from the following table will be seen the annual growth which has taken place in each class : —

The total increase in route-miles of line for the above thirteen-year period is 307 per cent. See Table XIV for details of ranges, water-heaters, and milking-machines for year ended 31st March, 1938. CONDENSED REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL PROGRESS. During the year the statistical records collected over the past fourteen years have been condensed into graph form, and the graphs on the next page contain the following information as at the end of each financial year from 1925 to 1938 inclusive : — Graph No. 1. —(a) Number of units generated; (b) number of units sold (retail); (c) number of units sold per consumer (average); (d) number of units sold per capita (average). Graph No. 2. —(a) Number of electric water-heaters installed ; (b) number of electric ranges installed ; (c) number of electric milking-machines installed. Graph No. 3. —(«) Number of consumers per route-mile of line in operation ; (b) Number of consumers supplied ; (c) number of route-miles of line in operation ; (d) total connected load, in kilowatts. Graph No. 4. —(a) Revenue received from retail sales of electricity (pounds) ; (b) total workingcosts (excluding bulk purchases) (pounds) ; (c) total capital charges (pounds); (d) total annual costs (pounds) ; (e) average revenue per unit sold (pence). The curve for total capital charges on Graph No. 4 shows a sharp peak for year 1933. This is due to Arapuni again being brought into operation following the shutdown between 1930 and 1932 and to the resumption of extensions by supply authorities after the depression. The fall in the curve between 1933 and 1934 may be attributed to the reduction in interest rates resulting from the operation of the Local Authorities' Interest Reduction and Loans Conversion Act, 1932-33. The fall in the curve for total working costs from 1932 to 1934 is due to the effect of salary and wage reductions consequent on the depression, and the rise from 1934 onwards may be attributed to the return of prosperity and the introduction of the forty-hour week. Corresponding tendencies are evident in the revenue curve. The significant feature revealed by this graph (No. 4) is the curve depicting the average revenue per unit sold. This figure shows a consistent falling tendency from 2-133 d. in 1925 down to l-028d. in 1938.

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Route- 1 ™ p „ t ■ Electricallyv miles of „ Annual Electric Annual Annual driven Annual ear " Line in onsumers. j norease I Ranges. Increase. 1 . , Increase. Milking- Increase Service. i j b " machines. Number. Per Cent. Number. Per Cent. Number. Per Cent. Number. Per Cent. 1925 .. 6,011 148,699 .. 1,526 .. .. .. 3,581 1926 .. 12,454 192,392 29*3 4,671 205*0 6,654 .. 4,856 35'8 1927 .. 14,975 228,345 18*7 9,511 104-0 14,160 113-0 6,738 38*8 1928 .. 17,063 243,795 6*8 15,766 66'0 21,513 52-0 8,514 26*3 1929 .. 17,759 266,306 9-2 20,254 28'5 29,257 36-0 10,161 19"4 1930 .. 19,128 284,235 6*7 25,997 28"3 37,564 28*5 11,922 17*3 1931 .. 19,636 300,809 5-9 29,480 13*2 42,803 13-9 13,656 , 14*5 1932 .. 20,251 309,360 2'8 31,973 8*5 45,796 7*1 14,163 3*7 1933 .. 20,585 322,997 4-4 33,998 6*4 48,070 5-0 15,913 12-4 1934 .. 20,996 334,593 3*6 36,081 6*2 50,272 4*6 16,992 6'8 1935 .. 21,707 342,334 2-3 39,730 10'1 53,635 6*7 17,200 1*2 1936 .. 22,424 355,973 4-0 44,837 12*9 58,864 9*8 18,458 7*4 1937 .. 23,322 371,027 4-2 53,402 191 67,049 13*9 20,275 9"8 1938 .. 24,407 388,580 4-7 64,408 20-6 77,353 15.4 | 22,711 12-4

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N.Z. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY STATISTICS.

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N.Z. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY STATISTICS.

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N.Z. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY STATISTICS.

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N.Z. ELECTRICAL SU PPLY STATISTICS.

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In studying the preceding graphs it should be remembered that they represent a composite review of the electric-supply business as a whole, and the appropriate statistics appertaining to the Public Works Department have therefore been combined with those of all the other electrical supply authorities in the Dominion. It is hoped that the publication of these graphs will be of interest to the various electric-supply authorities throughout New Zealand, without whose valued co-operation in furnishing the requisite statistics each year it would not have been possible to compile the information now presented in graph form. 4 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND ELECTRICAL WIRING REGULATIONS. During the past year numbers of 6-volt, 12-volt, and 18-volt portable electric-lighting plants have been installed in territories not readily accessible to public electric-supply systems. Under the Electrical Wiremen's Registration Act the services of a registered wireman are not necessary to install the wiring where the voltage does not exceed 20 volts, but this does not include exemption from the requirements of the Electrical Wiring Regulations issued under the Public Works Act. Some modification of the standard Electrical Wiring Regulations was deemed necessary in such cases, and the Regulations Advisory Committee has prepared regulations defining the requirements to be observed by persons installing such sets with a rating not exceeding 500 watts. These regulations were gazetted on 13th January, 1938. INSPECTION OF ELECTRIC LINES, ALSO PRIVATE GENERATING-PLANTS. The annual departmental inspection of the electric lines- in operation was carried out in the case of supply authorities last year, and any defects or breaches of the regulations which came under notice were duly notified to the supply authorities concerned. These inspection activities of the Department undoubtedly tend towards the maintaining of a high standard, and the general willingness on the part of the supply authorities to co-operate in a general observance of the regulations governing such matters is of great assistance to this Department. The following supply authorities have notified extensions to electric lines in their respective districts during the year : — Power Boards— Power Boards —continued. Cities—continued. Ashburton. Otago Central. Palmerston North. Auckland. Poverty Bay. Wellington. Banks Peninsula. South Taranaki. Boroughs— Bay of Plenty. Springs-Ellesmere. Bluff. Cambridge. Taranaki. Hamilton. Central Hawke's Bay. , Tararua. Napier. Central Waikato. Tauranga. New Plymouth. Dannevirke. Te Awamutu. Ohakune. Franklin. Thames Valley. Taihape. Golden Bay. Waitomo. Whakatane. Hawke's Bay. Waimea. Town Boards — Hutt Valley. Wairarapa. Kaponga. Horowhenua. Wairere. County Councils — Malvern. Waitaki. Waimairi. Manawatu-Oroua. Waitemata. Companies— Marlborough. Wanganui-Rangitikei. Westland Power, Ltd. North Auckland. Cities — Hume (Cobb River) E.P. Co. North Canterbury. Christchurch. Opunake. Dunedin. Otago. Nelson. It is not generally known that under the Electrical Wiremen's Registration Amendment Act, 1928, it is mandatory to give notice of the installation of private electric plants, and provision is made for the inspection of these plants before same are placed in service. During the year inspections have been made as opportunity offered.

B—D. 1.

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LICENSES AND PERMITS ISSUED. The following water-power and electric-line licenses (41) and permits (22) have been issued during the period between 30th June, 1937, and 30th June, 1938 : — (1) Licenses (41) : Golden Bay Cement Co. ; Arnold River (P.W.D.) ; F. K. Pearce, Ngamatapouri; P. Sheely, Taumarunui ; Kaitangata Coal Co. ; Wellington City Council; E. L. Broberg, Paihia ; Te Awamutu Power Board (2) ; Hawke's Bay Power Board ; P. V. McNabb, Collingwood ; P. W. Poulton, Kumeroa ; T. Gilchrist and Sons, Oturehura ; D. Cameron, Hinakura ; Kaikoura County Council; Auckland Transport Board ; Invercargill City Council; B. Hope-Deans, Taueru ; W. Graham, Kiripaka ; M. Oldbury, Kawhia ; Taihape Borough Council (amendment) ; E. P. H. Burbury, Culverden ; A. E. Walker, Kokopu ; W. Scott, Kaikoura ; E. A. Hodges, Waitekauri; Graham Bros., Waiho ; Hutt. Valley Power Board ; F. W. M. Puckey, Kaitaia ; G. S. Penney, Kaikohe ; A. 0. Harris, Murchison ; T. Borthwick and Sons, Waitara ; F. Armstrong, Akitio ; Wairere- Power Board ; R. J. Lee, Cardrona ; Waikare Taheke River (P.W.D.) ; Alexander Mines, Reefton (amendment) ; Christchurch City Council (consolidation); North Auckland Power Board; J. Hope, Matawai; Goldfields Dredging Co., Queenstown ; H. J. McGaw, Purekireki. (2) Revocations (7) : N. Wells, Mercury Bay ; W. J. Lusty, Te Uku ; W. K. McAlpine, Craigieburn ; J. O'Halloran, Glen Tui; Havelock North Town Board ; F. 0. Mathews, Wanganui; Kamo Town Board. (3) Assignments (1): L. Cooper to J. W. Beggs, Whangamomona. (4) Permits (22) : L. W. Potter, Kuriwao ; W. F. Manser, Putara ; G. Richmond, Takaka ; P. T. Shand, Port Ligar ; A. Schrieber, Oparau ; A. McMillan, Rakauroa ; W. H. Moore, Hickory Bay ; S. Hall, Peraki; T. P. McGaveston, Pokororo ; A. H. Timms, Outram ; F. Excel!, Raurimu ; J. W. Fraser, Hawarden ; W. M. Turner, Mayfield ; D. S. Middleton, Cromwell; J. McKenzie, Picton ; A. T. Young, Kamo ; F. C. Hows, Matangirau; P. M. Anderson, Gibbston; W. Bruce and Son, Gisborne; W. L. Carter, Okahukura ; J. Champion, Makuri; Doig Bros., Blackwater. ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS. During the year there were reported to the Department forty electrical accidents, involving the loss of human life in nine instances. Two of the accidents included more than one person injured. Corresponding figures for 1937 were forty-seven and eleven respectively. This year's electrical accidents resulted in injuries (fatal and otherwise) to the following : — Domestic users .. .. .. .. .. 6 Industrial and commercial users .. .. . . 4 Electrical workers .. .. .. .. .. ..15 General public not classified above .. .. .. 14 Stock.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Total.. .. .. .. .. .. 42 The following is a summary of persons and stock involved in electrical accidents for the past six years —viz., 1933 to 1938 : —

The following graph has been prepared to show the incidence of electrical accidents, and although such occurrences are regrettable, the curves indicate that as the risk of exposure to accident increases with the electrical development of the Dominion as represented by the erection of additional miles of reticulation and additional users are connected up, the ratio of accidents to additional risks is fortunately not increasing.

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1933. 1934. 1935. I 1936. 1937. 1938. S 3 0 § I ag Classification. —— —* j ; o 2 2 ji § I Total. Fatal. Total. Fatal, i Total. Fatal. Total, j Fatal. I Total. Fatal. | Total. Fatal. I ■" § ! r I I I w Domestic users .. .. 3 8 3 5 I 6 1 9 2 6 1 38 8 Industrial and commercial users 1 1 3.. 2.. 1 1 1 4.. 12 2 Electrical workers .. ..16 3 11 2 19 2 14 2 16 1 15 4 91 14 General public not classified above 15 8 10 5 12 4 22 6 20 7 14 4 92 34 StocK .. .. .. 4 [ .. 1 .. 8 .. 9 .. 3 ... 3 .. 28 Totals .. .. 39 12 33 10 46 7 52 9 49 11 42 9 261 58

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ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS.

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ELECTRICAL FIRES. During the year there were 24 fires attributed to electrical causes and reported to the Department by the electrical supply authorities, as per list below. The corresponding figures for 1937 and 1936 were twenty-three and twenty-seven respectively. The sources of this year's electrical fires included the following:— Electric irons .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Radiators .. .. .. . . .. .. 1 Water-heaters boiling dry .. .. .. .. 2 Other electrical appliances .. .. .. .. 6 Defective installations .. .. .. .. .. 9 Transformer-oil overheating .. .. . . 1 Rats .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 The following is a summary of causes of electrical fires for the six-yearly period, 1933-38 :—

REGISTRATION OF ELECTRICAL WIREMEN. The continued activity in the building and allied trades has again resulted in a busy period in connection with the administration of the Electrical Wiremen's Registration Act. During the twelve months ended 31st March, 1938, fifteen meetings were held. No meeting was held in January. This is the largest number of meetings in any one year since 1932. Two members of the Registration Board resigned during the year and were replaced. The Act provides for the election of a new Board every three years, and the statutory period having expired on the 31st March a new Board was appointed in April. The number of reports of defective work for the year constitutes a record. There were 99 reports, compared with 98 for the year ended March, 1931. The number of reports for the year ended March, 1937, was only 29. It is of interest to note that some electrical Supply Authorities have never reported any wiremen for defective work; one authority with just under 1,500 consumers has made twelve reports, whereas another authority with over 6,500 consumers has not made one report. The reports of breaches of the Act and the Electrical Supply and Wiring Regulations showed an increase of 9 over the previous year and were the highest on record —namely, 125. The greatest numbers previously were 116 in 1937 and 113 in 1931. It is also interesting to note in this connection that some electrical Supply Authorities have never reported a breach of the Act or regulations, whereas others are particularly active. One authority with only 700 consumers has made fifteen reports, compared with no reports by an authority with nearly 13,000 consumers.

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1933. I 1934. i 1935. i 1936. ! 1937. ' 1938. Totals. ! I i i I I ' i • ' I Electric irons .. .. .. .. 4 12 8 8 17 3 42 Electric radiators .. .. .. .. 2 .. 1 2 .. [ ■ 1 6 Other electrical appliances .. .. .. 2 3 6 4 I 6 ' 8 29 Defective installations.. .. .. .. 411 7 12 3 9 46 Defective flexible cords .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. 3 Defective radio installations .. .. . . .1 . . . . .. 1 .. 2 Bedding in contact with lamp .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 Contact between distribution and service lines .. .. .. .. . . 1 .. 1 Lightning .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 Soldering-iron .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Eats .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. 2 2 Transformer-oil overheating . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. 1 1 Totals .. .. .. 13 26 22 27 23 24 135

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The prosecutions authorized were 66—that is, 3 more than last year ; this also constitutes a record, the previous highest being 64 in 1931. Prosecutions were authorized for the following : — Permitting unregistered persons to work .. .. .. .. .. 10 Failing to obtain a permit to do wiring .. .. .. .. 9 Salesmen doing wiring .. .. .. .. .. 8 Connecting wiring without permission .. .. .. .. .. 7 Failing to notify Supply Authority of intention to commence work .. .. 6 Connecting washing-machine to supply without permission .. .. 5 Failing to notify Supply Authority on completion of work .. .. 4 Domestic consumers doing wiring .. .. .. .. 3 Earthing a radio set to a gaspipe .. .. .. .. .. 2 Petrol-pump fitter removing a pump .. .. .. .. 2 Cabinet-maker doing wiring .. .. . . . . .. 1 Consumer failing to give notice .. .. .. •. •. 1 Failing to earth a washing-machine .. . . . . ~ 1 Failing to produce registration certificate for inspection .. .. .. 1 Failing to supply information .. .. .. . . .. .. 1 Installing radio set which did not comply with regulations .. . . .. 1 Obstructing an Inspector .. . . .. . . . . 1 Using an unearthed metal-covered switch . . . . . . 1 Working after name had been removed from register .. .. . . 1 Working after provisional license had expired .. .. . . 1 The examiners in the written part of the examination continue to call attention to unsatisfactory writing and sketching and to the carelessness displayed in simple addition and multiplication. This is not a question of secondary or technical education, but goes right back to the tuition in primary schools and indicates that the pupils have not taken the necessary interest in their work on the foundations of ordinary education. Regarding the more technical part of the examination, the examiners are of the opinion that the poor results are due to a lack of adequate preparation and poor knowledge of fundamentals. The examiners in the practical part report that the standard of workmanship shows an all-round i mprovement and is now of a reasonably good standard. Candidates, however, in a large number of cases secure very low marks for simple measurements, in spite of the fact that their attention is specially drawn to the need for keeping to the dimensions shown on the drawing. When fixing the earthingclip the enamel is not always carefully removed from the conduit and the clip properly tightened. Work on the flexible conduit showed considerable improvement, but the cutting of threads on the rigid conduit indicates that the dies require sharpening or renewing. More care is necessary to clean the ends of the conduits and to cut the nipples to the correct length. The removal of the coverings on the conductors is still not as good as it should be, although the last examination showed a decided improvement. Porcelain-clad connections were used for the first time at the September examination, and the results were very disappointing. Many candidates fail to connect the flexible conductors correctly in screw lamp-holders and three-pin plug-sockets. The live conductor in many cases was connected to the screwed part of the lamp-holder and to the neutral contact of the plug-socket. One examination included the. tying of insulated cables to insulators, and the examiners reported that very few of the candidates appeared to have had any instruction in this class of work. The joints, including the soldering, showed a decided improvement and were of a reasonably good standard. Candidates in. the practical part were permitted to continue working after the normal three hours, but marks were deducted for the excess time. The slower type of candidates were able to complete their work by this method, and thus secure additional marks The results of the examinations show that some of the candidates do not take advantage of the excellent training provided by the technical colleges and correspondence schools. There are signs of a definite lack of adequate technical training, and employers should insist that their apprentices, where possible, must attend a technical college, and that where this is not possible then a suitable correspondence course should be taken or the services of a private tutor be secured. Examinations for limited registration in connection with the wiring-up of radio-receiving sets have been held for several years, and an examination in connection with wiring work involved in the investigation of interference with radio reception was held during the year. It is proposed to institute examinations for other classes of limited registration. The Act provides that the only persons who may assist wiremen are apprentices, improvers, and university students. An improver is defined as " a person who, having completed an. apprenticeship to the electrical wiring trade, has sat for the wiremen's examination, but is not yet a registered wireman." A student is defined as " one attending the university and taking a prescribed course of electrical engineering." The meaning of " apprentice " has not so far been defined for the purposes of the Act, and it has been suggested that the term be explained and thus avoid the confusion which now appears to exist. Without a definition the ordinary meaning of " apprentice " applies —namely, a person bound by a contract of apprenticeship to a tradesman or artificer whereby the apprentice agrees to serve and the master agrees to teach him his trade. A contract of apprenticeship is usually a document, and in some cases these documents have to be registered. A number of persons who had passed the wiremen's examination found that they were not eligible for registration because they had not served an apprenticeship. The difference between a contract of apprenticeship and just working for a small wage is not always readily apparent, and a circular setting out particulars was delivered during the year to electrical contractors with a request that it be prominently displayed. It has been suggested

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that the electrical Supply Authorities be given power to obtain information relating to the status of assistants to wiremen in an endeavour to ensure that persons are qualified to obtain registration after passing the examination. The circular has proved very useful, and several inquiries have been received for further information. There were, however, still a few applications for registration by persons who had not served as apprentices. Portable appliances, such as radiators, toasters, irons, vacuum cleaners, and standard lamps, and appliances such as washing-machines and refrigerators, are still being assembled and repaired in a manner which is contrary to the provisions of the Act. The Act provides that this work must be done by a qualified person when carried out on.the premises where the appliance is to be used, and that in all other cases, if the work is not done by an authorized person, it must be inspected and tested by an authorized person before the appliance, or any part, is removed from the premises where the work was done. In the latter case details of the work done must be entered up in a register by the person carrying out the inspection unless this person is the one undertaking the worker is a full-time employee of that person. Considerable trouble has been experienced in connection with the installation of washing-machines, and six prosecutions were taken during the year ended 31st March ; two have been taken since the above date, and others are pending. A conference was held during the year with the managers and salesmen of one company, and the requirements of the Act and the regulations were explained to them. The position regarding petrol-pumps is more satisfactory, and very few reports of this work being done by unskilled persons were received. Action was taken during the year against a plumber who had disconnected a petrol-pump. The danger which may result from the disconnection of an earthing-lead by a plumber, builder, painter, &c., was referred for discussion during the year, and steps are being taken to bring the matter under the notice of the persons concerned with the object of putting a stop to unqualified persons carrying out this work. The use of obsolete forms for making application for registration and provisional licenses and for making reports of defective work and breaches of the Act still continue to cause unnecessary delay. The last new report forms for defective work and breaches of the Act were sent out to electrical Supply Authorities in September, 1935. A new form for the notification of Inspectors was sent out in July, 1937, and a new application form for wiremen was sent out in June, 1938. The statistics for the year ended 31st March are as set out below ; the figures in parenthesis are for the previous year : — Registrations—■ Inspectors .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 (59) Wiremen—• Full registration .. .. .. .. . . 120 (65) Limited registration .. .. .. .. 64 (101) Provisional licenses .. .. .. .. .. 20 (17) Examinations— Candidates— Written part .. .. .. .. .. .. 379 (332) Practical part .. .. .. .. .. .. 323 (226) Passed—• Written part .. .. .. .. .. .. 151 (97) Practical part .. .. .. .. .. .. 180 (90) Highest marks—Written part .. .. .. .. .. 89 (86) Practical part .. .. .. .. .. 91 (90) Defective work reports .. .. .. .. .. 99 (29) Endorsements made .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 (4) Endorsements removed .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 (4) Breach of Act reports .. .. .. .. .. .. 125 (116) Prosecutions authorized i. .. .. .. .. 66 (63) F. T. M. Kissel, B.SC., M.1.E.E., A.M.1.C.E., Chief Electrical Engineer.

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INDEX TO TABLES. Year ending 31st March, 1938.

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Table Page No. No. Electric-supply stations of New Zealand —! (a) Population, consumers, routemiles of lines, &c. .. .. IX 131 (b) Results of generation and distribution X | 136 (c) Financial results of operations .. XI 139 (d) Appropriations and Reserves .. XIT : 142 (e) Averages derived from Tables IX, X, and XI .. .. • • XIII j 145 (/) Electric ranges, water heaters, and milking-machines .. .. XIV J 148 (g) Abridged schedule of selling rates XV ] 151 Samoan Administration (Apia) .. XVI 170

Table I Page No. I No. North Island and South Island Electricpower systems — Capital outlay and results of operation j I J 120 Analysis of capital outlay .. .. II ■ 122 Analysis of working-costs .. • ■ III i 122 Gross financial results of distribution, North Island system .. .. IV | 123 Gross financial results of distribution, South Island system .. .. V 124 Route-miles of Public Works Department's lines in operation .. .. VI 125 j l Circuit-miles of electric-supply authorities' lines in operation .. .. VII 126 Electric-power Boards —Statistical data VIII 128

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Table I. —Summary of Financial and Operating Statistics for North Island and South Island Electric-power Systems for the Year ending 31st March, 1938.

(Continued on next page.)

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Note.—" North Island system " includes Arapuni-Horahora-Mangahao-Waikaremoana all interconnected. " South Island system " includes Lake Coleridge and Waitaki interconnected, together with Monowai (Southland) and Arnold River (Westland) not yet interconnected with Coleridge-Waitaki system. 1937-38 jj 1937-38 j (Fourth Year). J (Fourth Year). (a) Financial. (1) Capital outlay— i £ i (4) Capital charges—continued. £ Assets in operation— Depreciation— North Island system .. .. 9,095,787 North Island system .. .. 50,725 South Island system .. .. 5,982,107 South Island system .. .. 112,375 Total assets in operation .. 15,077,894 Half capital charges, King's Wharf j Station .. .. .. .. 37,593 Assets not in operation— ! North Island system .. .. 120,627 I Total capital charges for year .. 774,135 South Island system .. .. 337,508 —— Total assets not in operation .. 458,135 (5) Total costs for year .. .. .. 1,078,321 Total capital outlay .. .. 15,536,029 (6) Net profit or loss for year— North Island system.. .. .. Cr. 360,662 South Island system.. .. .. Cr. 30,987 (2) Revenue for year— ' North Island system.. .. .. 978,492 Total profit for year .. .. 391,649 South Island system.. .. .. 491,429* Total revenue for year .. 1,469,921 (7) Accumulated Depreciation Reserve — North Island system.. .. .. 1,016,184 South Island system.. .. .. i 552,105 (3) Costs — Total Depreciation Reserve .. j 1,568,289 Working-costs— ! North Island system .. .. 177,544 South Island system .. .. I26,642f (8) Accumulated Sinking Fund Reserve — North Island system.. .. .. 210,868 Total working-costs for year .. 304,186 South Island system.. .. .. 295,817 Total Sinking Fund Reserve .. j 506,685 (4) Capital charges— Arrears in Sinking Fund payments not Interest — yet appropriated .. .. .. 942,757 North Island system .. .. 349,816 South Island system .. .. 220,112 Cost of raising loans, &c.— (9) General Reserve — North Island system .. .. 2,151 North Island system.. .. .. Nil. South Island system .. .. 1,363 South Island system.. .. .. 82,399 * Excludes £122 miscellaneous revenue from Southland, shown in Table XI. t Includes £579 miscellaneous payments in connection with Southland, but does not include £73 commission paid for collecting rates, which amount is shown in Table XI.

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Table I.—Summary of Financial and Operating Statistics for North Island and South Island Electric-power Systems for the year ending 31st March, 1938 —continued.

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N 0TE . —" North Island system " includes Arapuni-Horahora-Mangahao-Waikaremoana all interconnected. " South Island system " includes Lake Coleridge and Waitaki interconnected, together with Monowai (Southland) and Arnold River (Westland) not yet interconnected with Coleridge-Waitaki system. 1937-38 _____ 1937-38 (Fourth Year). | (Fourth Year). (b) Operating Results. Maximum load (kilowatts)— RevenueNorth Island system .. .. .. 143,240 Per kilowatt (system maximum)— £ South Island system .. .. •• 51,860 North Island system 6-83 J Southland system .. .. .. 7,520 South Island system .. .. .. 6-49J Southland system .. .. .. 20 • 62 j Average load (kilowatts) — Per unit generated— d. North Island system .. .. .. 91,095 North Island system .. .. .. 0-294 South Island system .. .. .. 27,820 South Island system .. .. .. 0-333 Southland system .. .. .. 3,640 Southland system .. .. .. 1-166 Per unit distributed — Average load factor — .. .. -- Per Cent. North Island system .. .. .. 0-326 North Island system .. .. .. 63-6 South Island system .. .. .. 0-393 South Island system .. .. .. 53-4 Southland system .. .. .. 1 • 580 Southland system .. .. .. 48-4 Per unit sold — North Island system .. .. .. 0-326J Units output— Units. South Island system .. .. .. 0-393J North Island system .. .. .. 798,354,000 Southland system .. .. .. 1-580J South Island system .. .. .. 242,391,775 Working-costs— Southland system .. .. .. 31,903,940 Per kilowatt (system maximum) — £ North Island system .. .. .. 1-24 Combined .. .. .. 1,072,649,715 South Island system .. .. .. 1-30 — ■ Southland system .. .. .. 7-89 Units distributed— Per unit generated— d. Units sold— North Island system .. .. .. 0-0534 North Island system .. .. .. 720,490,034 South Island system .. .. .. 0-0660 South Island system .. .. .. 205,579,104 Southland system .. .. .. 0-4100 Southland system .. .. .. 23,557,484 Per unit distributed— — North Island system .. .. .. 0 • 0586 Combined .. .. .. 949,626,622 South Island system .. .. .. 0-0770 Southland system .. .. .. 0-4100 Units unsold (station auxiliaries, &c.) — Per unit sold — North Island system .. .. .. 6,637,589 North Island system .. .. .. 0 - 0592 South Island system .. .. .. 3,147,486 South Island system .. .. .. 0-0786 Southland system .. .. .. 70,990 Southland system .. .. .. 0-6050 Capital chargesCombined .. .. .. 9,856,065 Per kilowatt (system maximum) — £ —— North Island system .. .. .. 3-07 Total units distributed, North Island 727,127,623 South Island system .. .. .. 4-71 system Southland system . . .. .. 11 • 90 Total units distributed, South Island 208,726,590 Per unit generated — d. system — North Island system .. .. .. 0-1321 Total units distributed, Southland 23,628,474 South Island system .. .. .. 0-2420 system Southland system .. .. .. 0 • 6800 Per unit distributed— North Island system .. .. .. 0 • 1456 Line losses South Island system .. .. .. 0-2810 Transmission — Units. Per Cent. Southland system .. .. .. 0 • 6800 North Island system .. 70,973,165 8-89 Per unit sold — South Island system .. 32,248,112 13-23 North Island system .. .. .. 0-1465 Southland system .. .. .. South Island system .. .. .. 0-2850 Southland system .. .. .. 0-9120 Combined .. .. 103,221,277 .. Total costs— — Per kilowatt (system maximum)— £ North Island system .. .. .. 4-31 Distribution — South Island system .. .. .. 6-01 North Island system .. 253,212 0-03 Southland system .. .. .. 19-79 South Island system .. 1,417,073 0-58 Per unit generated— d. Southland system .. 8,275,466 26-16 North Island system .. .. .. 0-185 South Island system .. .. .. 0 • 309 Combined .. .. 9,945,751 .. Southland system .. .. .. 1-090 Per unit distributed— Total line losses, North 71,226,377 8-92 North Island system .. .. .. 0-204 Island system South Island system .. .. .. 0-358 Southland system .. .. .. 1 • 090 Total line losses, South 33,665,185 13-81 Per unit sold— Island system North Island system .. .. .. 0-206 Total line losses, South- 8,275,466 26-16 South Island system .. .. .. 0-364 land system Southland system .. .. .. 1-517 t Based on gross revenue. For corresponding figures, based on revenue received {rom sale ot electricity only, see Table XIII.

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Table II.—Analysis of Capital Outlay as at 31st March, 1938.

Table III. —Operating or Working Costs for Year Ended 31st March, 1938.

North Island System. South Island System. Units generated .. .. 798,354,000 Units generated .. .. 274,295,715 Units distributed .. .. 727,127,623 Units distributed .. .. 232,355,064 Units sold .. .. 720,490,034 Units sold .. .. 229,136,588

122

North Island System. j South Island System (including Southland and Arnold ltiver.) Totals 0 '' Headworks and power-stations— Headworks and power-stations— - Land, fencing* and roading— £ Land, fencing, and roading— £ £ Arapuni .. .. .. .. 110,749 Coleridge .. .. .. .. 24,385 Horahora .. .. .. .. 3,208 Waitaki .. .. .. .. 48,441 Mangahao .. .. .. .. 72,130 Southland .. .. .. .. 12,226 Waikaremoana .. .. .. 67,303 Arnold River .. .. .. 1,280 — — 339,722 Headworks— Headworks — Arapuni .. .. .. .. 1,284,983 Coleridge .. .. .. .. 519,712 Horahora .. .. .. .. 151,483 Waitaki .. .. .. .. 1,073,887 Mangahao .. .. .. .. 848,913 Southland .. .. .. .. 86,735 Waikaremoana .. .. .. 148,673 Arnold River.. .. .. .. 80,551 — 4,194,937 Generating-station, buildings, and village— Generating-station, buildings, and village— Arapuni .. .. .. .. 413,825 Coleridge .. .. .. .. 85,611 Horahora .. .. .. 60,847 Waitaki .. .. .. .. 459,784 Mangahao .. .. .. .. 170,197 Southland .. .. .. .. 39,182 Waikaremoana .. .. .. 166,297 Arnold River .. .. .. 7,776 1,403,519 Generating plant and machinery— Generating plant and machinery — Arapuni .. .. .. .. 677,496 Coleridge .. .. .. .. 163,565 Horahora .. .. .. .. 95,333 Waitaki .. .. .. .. 186,717 Mangahao .. .. .. .. 190,623 Southland .. .. .. .. 59,892 Waikaremoana .. .. .. 175,870 Arnold River .. .. .. 17,415 — 1,566,911 Auxiliary stations (three) —Penrose, Huntly, 81,996 Auxiliary station (one) —Dobson (ex Lyttelton) 109,127 Grand Junction 191,123 Transmission and distribution— Transmission and distribution — Primary distribution — Primary distribution—11 kV. lines .. .. .. .. 41,272 11 kV. lines .. .. .. .. 519,344 33 kV. lines .. .. .. .. .. 33 kV. lines .. .. .. .. 30,942 50 kV. lines .. .. .. .. 389,715 50 kV. lines .. 66 kV. lines .. .. .. .. .. 66 kV. lines .. .. .. .. 510,371 110 kV. lines .. .. .. .. 1,158,678 110 kV. lines .. .. .. .. 278,852 Secondary distribution .. .. .. .. Secondary distribution .. .. .. 294,200 3,223,374 Substations — Substations — 11 kV. substations .. .. .. 15,429 11 kV. substations 33 kV. substations .. .. .. .. 33 kV. substations .. .. .. 14,738 50 kV. substations .. .. .. 243,537 50 kV. substations 66 kV. substations .. .. .. .. 66 kV. substations .. .. .. 312,954* 110 kV. substations .. .. .. 818,843 110 kV. substations .. .. .. 200,633 1,606,134 General — General —■ General offices, garages, stores, and other 56,502 General offices, garages, stores, and other 17,984 accommodation accommodation Telephone services .. .. .. 4,959 Telephone services .. .. .. 43,781 Explorations and preliminary surveys; 810,926 Explorations and preliminary surveys; 650,372 engineering, office, and general expenses; engineering, office, and general expenses; charges and expenses of raising loans charges and expenses of raising loans Interest during construction .. .. 956,627 Interest during construction .. .. 469,158 3,010,309 6,319,615 — Grand totals .. .. .. 9,216,414 15,536,029 * Includes, £2,544 for substation cottages, Southland.

North Taland Svatem South Island S y stem (including Southland JNortn island system. and Arnold River.) Cost per Unit. Cost per Unit. Cost. i Cost. Generated. Distributed. Sold. Generated. Distributed. Sold. £ d. d. d. £ d. d. d. (а) Headworks and power-stations 49,116 0-0148 0-0162 0-0164 25,502 0-0223 0-0263 0-0267 (б) Auxiliary stations .. .. 95 .. .. .. 7,188 0-0063 0-0074 0-0075 49,211 0-0148 0-0162 0-0164 32,690 0-0286 0-0337 0-0342 (c) Transmission and distribution— Primary distribution .. 36,728 0-0111 0-0121 0-0122 11,484 0-0100 0-0119 0-0120 Secondary distribution .. .. .. .. .. 9,043 0-0079 0-0093 0-0095 (d) Substations .. .. .. 25,988 0-0078 0-0086 0-0087 16,788 0-0147 0-0174 0-0176 (e) Management and general— General expenses .. .. 751 0-0002 0-0002 0-0003 10-006 0-0088 0-0104 0-0105 Management .. .. 54,749 0-0165 0-0181 0-0182 44,073 0-0386 0-0455 0-0462 Total costs (a) to (e) .. 167,427 0-0504 0-0552 0-0558 124,084 0-1086 0-1282 0-1300 (f) Power purchased (g) Standby provision .. .. 10,117 0-0030 0-0034 0-0034 2,631 0-0023 0-0027 0-0028 Total costs (a) to (g) .. 177,544 0-0534 0-0586 0-0592 126,715 0-1109 0-1309 0-1328

D.—l.

Table IV.—North Island Electric-power System.—Gross Financial Results of Distribution of Energy for the Year ended 31st March, 1938.

123

Revenue. Expenditure. Balance. "3 K I I Is I ■» I • ( £ i Profit. SJ a ranitnl From Sale oi ! ! „• w'S Working- £ op . S S 8 Si Distributing Authority. | g Eiectrical Energy. . j || |» ||| cost, _ , fl f| 1 ll Totai. p A ?S LapproI Keta, |gg] * | oj gfifl .»5ar I | ** I £| 1 I 1 °| Reserves. P rlated " | (A) Receiving Bulk Supply direct from Public Works Department. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £££ ££££££ £££ i t> M- w i r> * / 388 9,216,414 44,108 924,622 .. .. 9,762 978,492 .. 177,544 349,816 50,725 39,745 617,830 , 1. Public Works Department | ; > ; (19,358*) (7,070*) (9.701*) .. .. (1,463*) (37,592*) j 360 ' 662 " " L 2. Auckland Power Board .. 58.342 3,524,578 703,047 .. .. .. 6,974 710,021 265,055 158,466 117,063 32,884 62,973 .. 49,639 .. 686,080 3,665 20,276 ... 2. 3. Bay of Plenty Power Board .. 1,809 206,311 44,237 297 .. 1,537 635 46,706 14,356 10,785 8,682 390 3,195 .. .. 37,408 6,928 2,370 .. 3. 4. Cambridge Power Board .. 1,570 108,257 21,195 .. .. 103 207 21,505 8,044 5,636 4,175 .. 2,066 .. .. .. 19,921 1,160 424 .. 4. 5. Central Hawke's Bay Power 1,930 174,773 24,738 .. .. 51 315 25,104 8,356 5,555 6,175 920 122 3,443 .. .. 24,571 237 296 .. 5. Board 6. Central Waikato Power Board 6,091 419,153 75,992 56 .. 452 774 77,274 29,796 16,151 16,653 634 6,439 2,571 .. .. 72,244 176 4,854 .. 6. 7. Dannevirke Power Board .. 3,001 226,893 33,010 .. .. 242 277 33,529 8,241 8,955 9,418 343 3,586 396 .. .. 30,939 1,003 1,587 .. 7. 8. Franklin Power Board .. 4,610 338,431 61,833 .. .. 2,705 2,122 66,660 25,470 14,458 14,132 .. 5,367 527 .. .. 59,954 6,706 .. ... 8. 9. Hamilton Borough Council .. 5,069 65,975 43,385 .. .. .. 331 43,716 15,212 11,268 1,780 .. 2,340 .. .. .. 30,600 13,116 .. .. 9. 10. Hawke's Bay Power Board .. 7,845 439,420 80,520 18,274 .. .. 464 99,258 44,058 18,836 18,745 127 2,000 4,118 .. .. 87,884 11,374 .. .. 10, 11. Horowhenua Power Board .. 5,195 251.244 50,668 .. .. 561 956 52,185 24,682 12,785 8,686 .. 163 5,006 .. .. 51,322 863 .. ..11. 12. Hutt Valley Power Board .. 13,488 376,937 126,442 .. .. 881 1,319 128.642 57,204 26,917 16,604 4,092 1,300 4,179 .. .. 110,296 7,704 10,642 .. 12. 13. Manawatu-Oroua Power Board 5,441 489,357 73,782 27,295 25 385 234 101,721 46,455 17,864 21,100 2,325 7,452 864 .. .. 96,060 .. 5,661 .. 13. 14. New Plymouth Borough Council 6,860 361,074 74,447 .. .. 2,522 1,218 78,187 12,265 32,230 11,455 .. 1,435 5,259 498 .. 63,142 10,899 4,146 .. 14. 15. North Auckland Power Board 1,973 135,885 14,827 .. .. 2,772 482 18,081 4,969 2,848 2,339 5,081 .. .. .. .. 15,237 1,651 1,193 .. 15. 16. Opunake Power Board .. 1,145 110,659 14,188 .. .. 73 14 14,275 1,524 4,508 3,638 170 2,107 .. .. .. 11,947 669 1,659 .. 16. 17. Poverty Bay Power Board .. 5,624 342,202 66,673 .. .. 41 1,504 68,218 17,944 23,246 12,879 1,795 11,021 .. .. .. 66,885 1,028 305 .. 17. 18. Eotorua (Tourist Department) 2,585 84,206 26,470 .. .. .. 178 26,648 8,381 8,308 3,985 1,594 1,594 .. .. .. 23,862 2,786 .. ..18. 19. South Taranaki Power Board.. 3,677 229,046 44,717 1,622 .. 63 443 46,845 10,962 13,936 8,889 1,960 1,837 1,168 .. .. 38,752 2,383 5,710 .. 19. 20. Taranaki Power Boardt .. 2,812 502,916 42,382 10,475 25 .. 495 53,377 1,992 16,540 19,335 .. .. 7,891 .. .. 45,758 7,594 25 .. 20. 21. Tararua Power Board .. 1,926 186,547 27,010 .. .. 933 259 28,202 8,305 7,331 7,268 432 2,064 1,600 .. .. 27,000 .. 1,202 .. 21. 22. Te Awamutu Power Board .. 2,305 210,134 35,394 .. .. 18 394 35,806 12,817 8,118 7,047 190 42 3,266 .. .. 31,480 144 4,182 .. 22. 23. Thames Valley Power Board .. 8,987 842,685 132.623 5,741 .. .. 1,235 139,599 48,219 31,323 31,809 .. 6,099 10,690 .. .. 128,140 11,459 .. ..23. 24. Wairarapa Power Board .. 5,637 363,544 61.738 .. .. 1,734 823 64,295 15.132 15,758 14,439 3,628 5,652 90 .. .. 54,699 2,000 7,596 .. 24. 25. Wairoa Power Board .. 477 65,982 12,170 5,895 1,186 .. 179 19,430 9,628 3,220 2,897 .. 600 872 .. .. 17,217 .. 2,213 .. 25. 26. Waitemata Power Board .. 13,315 540,389 108,152 .. .. 1,164 1,340 110,656 41,738 29,203 20,028 868 2,658 7,718 .. .. 102,213 8,443 .. ..26. 27. Waitomo Power Board .. 1.601 113,540 22,985 .. .. 911 90 23,986 8,803 5,172 4,879 292 1,400 719 .. .. 21,265 .. 2,721 .. 27. 28. Wanganui-Rangitikei Power 11,185 558,891 118,944 747 .. .. 1,655 121,346 43,475 20,333 22,322 11,768 2,090 10,187 .. . . 110,175 8,870 2,301 .. 28. Board 29. Wellington City Council .. 38,136 1,384,729 369,010 .. .. 518 5,758 375,286 123,770 124,454 20,547 24,102 4,888 .. 4,961 7,627 310,349 50,767 14,170 .. 29. Sub-total of (A) .. 223,024 21,870,172 2,554,687 995,024 1,23617,66640,437 3,609,050 916,853 831,748 786,785 144,320 140,490 70,564 55,098 47,372 2,993,230 522,287 93,533 (B) Receiving Supply through Bulk-supply Purchasers in Section A. 1. Inglewood Borough Councilf .. 442 9,084 4,356 .. .. 467 .. 4,823 1,619 1,533 444 50 340 111 .. .. 4,097 726 .. .. 1. 2. Kaponga Town Boardf .. 408 16,673 5,752 .. 70 56 12 5,890 1,076 3,704 612 .. 486 149 .. .. 6,027 .. .. 137 2. 3. Mangaweka Town Board .. 127 5,811 1.223 .. 161 .. 81 1,465 360 789 91 .. 22 .. .. .. 1,262 .. 203 .. 3. 4. Napier Borough Council .. 4,920 131,324 46,589 .. .. .. 4,329 50,918 18,273 12,950 5,696 1,760 1,683 .. .. .. 40,362 8,022 2,534 .. 4. 5. Palmerston North City Council 6.354 266,739 65,265 .. .. 590 1,687 67,542 27,295 9,662 7,463 4.471 3,290 .. .. .. 52,181 12,683 2,678 .. 5. 6. Patea Borough Council .. 449 19,461 5,649 .. .. 120 .. 5,769 1,623 2,287 535 .. 156 135 .. .. 4,736 974 59 ..6. 7. Stratford Borough Councilf .. 1,230 32,652 14,689 .. .. .. 12 14,701 5,959 2,677 1,931 250 953 176 .. .. 11,946 2,755 .. .. 7. 8. Taihape Borough Council .. 626 10,828 6,072 .. .. 165 .. 6,237 387 3,635 618 518 112 86 .. .. 5,356 881 .. ..8. 9. Te Aroha Borough Council .'. 761 17,972 8,628 .. .. .. 36 8,664 3,146 3,772 285 .. 55 130 .. .. 7,388 963 313 .. 9. 10. Thames Borough Council .. 1,222 31,825 11,663 .. .. 67 21 11,751 2,595 5,011 452 .. 139 .. .. .. 8,197 1,033 2,521 .. 10. 11. Wairoa Borough Council .. 770 11,934 9,715 .. .. .. 121 9,836 5,895 1,596 630 63 389 .. .. •• 8,573 1,000 263 .. 11. 12. Waitara Borough Councilf .. 570 8,317 4,747 .. 490 .. 64 5,301 1,817 1,300 518 52 .. 399 .. .. 4,086 725 490 .. 12. _ Total .. . ■ 240,903 22,432,792 2,739,035 995,024 1,95719,13146,800 3,801,947 986,898 880,664 806,060 151,484 148,115 71,750 55,098 47,372 3,147,441 552,049 102,594 137 * Half capital charges King's Wharf Station, paid by Department (included in P.W.D. figures but shown separately for reference purposes). t Occasional. Gross profit, £654,506 ; rates collected, £1,957 ; net profit, £652,549. Ratio of working-expenses to revenue = 49-1 per cent. Ratio capital charges to capital outlay = 5'50 per cent.

D.—l.

Table V.—South Island Electric-power System.—Gross Financial Results of Distribution of Energy for the Year ended 31st March, 1938.

124

Revenue. Expenditure. Balance. Number j — : ; 5 1 —— — Profits t,. . .. of Capital From Sale of Electrical w . . Other i 18 " UmS * JSl. °~* JSSSL Sources. «*-• [ ££& Xnte.es, .» X-PP, _ Hetail. (for |»* e) , j S j (A) Receiving Bulk Supply dieeot ekom Public Works Depabtment. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £££££££££££ 1. Public Works Department (Cole- 124 4,798,907 48,202 283,909 .. 288 3,986 336,385 .. 67,343 160,483 82,885 .. .. 971 311,682 24,703 ridge-Waitaki —Arnold River) 2. Public Works Department (South- 10,886 1,520,708 122,186 25,316 .. 446 7,218 155,166 .. 59,372 59,629 29,490 .. .. 392 148,883 6,283 land) 3. Ashburton Power Board .. 4,425 345,766 52,479 .. .. 242 736 53,457 15,517 9,755 15,415 1,917 1,812 5,300 .. 49,716 3,741 4. Banks Peninsula Power Board .. 1,071 104,014 13,321 .. 2,449 167 329 16,266 4,664 5,414 3,942 .. 2,265 .. .. 16 285 19 5. Bluff Borough Council .. .. 547 6,738 4,741 .. .. .. 423 5,164 2,829 1,210 316 88 225 .. .. 4.668 496 6. Christchurch City Council .. 31,630 857,621 256,041 12,746 .. 4,245 8,034 281,066 135,286 82,097 11,682 29,018 2,555 .. 1,072 261,710 7 622 11 734 7. Dunedin City Council .. .. 29,233 1,709,274 254,060 13,324 .. .. 2,379 269,763 23,299 72,575 51,577 2,200 27,103 .. 3,509 180,263 89,500 ' 8. Grey Power Board .. .. 4,226 169,895 51,464 .. .. 473 30 51,967 12,025 11,500 14,097 .. 5,836 2,700 .. 46,158 . 5 809 9. Heathcote County Council .. 1,370 25,103 11,249 .. .. .. 62 11,311 7,258 3,538 1,058 .. 869 .. .. 12,723 . 1 412 10. Invercargill City Council .. 6,385 152,427 53,118 .. .. .. 4,549 57,667 25,333 9,180 4,526 1,413 .. 2,366 .. 42,818 14,849 11. Kaiapoi Borough Council .. 515 11,470 3,302 .. .. 9 66 3,377 1,344 1,149 279 183 145 .. .. 3,100 277 12. Lyttelton Borough Council .. 980 13,339 7,492 .. .. 72 .. 7,564 3,277 2,522 169 106 181 .. .. 6 255 315 994 13. Malvern Power Board .. .. 722 72,917 8,220 .. 1,927 147 253 10,547 2,189 3,608 3,112 .. 920 .. .. 9,829 .. 718 14. North Canterbury Power Board .. 2,674 195,899 29,883 3,564 .. 230 885 34,562 12,957 8,913 6,947 63 3,870 .. .. 32,750 331 1 481 15. Riccarton Borough Council .. 1,615 24,000 13,706 .. .. 567 .. 14,273 6,702 4,922 229 362 156 .. .. 12,371 862 1 040 16. Rangiora Borough Council .. 745 9,165 5,829 .. .. .. 9 5,838 2,220 2,383 174 393 78 .. .. 5,248 287 '303 17. South Canterbury Power Board .. 4,800 355,450 46,359 20,913 .. 446 2,085 69,803 35,112 9,979 12,833 3,631 6,226 .. 67 781 2 022 18. Springs-Ellesmere Power Board .. 2,768 164,806 31,613 .. .. 88 227 31,928 14,046 8,949 6,114 .. 2,991 .. .. 32 100 ' 172 19. Sumner Borough Council .. 1,110 15,866 5,987 .. .. 9 .. 5,996 3,222 2,113 299 248 101 .. .. 5,983 i3 20. Waimairi County Council .. 3,749 68,020 24,147 33 68 .. 74 24,322 13,272 4,464 1,429 4,318 1,263 .. .. 24,746 424 21. Waitaki Power Board .. .. 4,452 201,777 41,542 .. .. 1,405 510 43,457 16,392 10,052 8,049 1,139 3,279 557 .. 39,468 3,343 646 Sub-total of (A) .. .. 114,027 10,823,162 1,084,941 359,805 4,444 8,834 31,855 1,489,879 336,944 381,038 362,359 157,454 59,875 10,923 5,944 1,314,537 152,622 24,747 2,027 (B) Receiving Supply through Bulk-supply Purchasehs in Section (A). 1. Otago Power Board .. .. 4,338 313,039 47,277 .. 348 113 .. 47,738 13,324 9,643 12,802 5,051 3,866 4,360 .. 49,046 .. .. 1,308 2. Timaru Borough Council .. 4,909 110,655 45,380 .. .. .. 125 45,505 20,913 13,036 1,970 .. 3,302 .. .. 39'221 6,284 Total .. .. .. 123,274 11,246,856 1,177,598 359,805 4,792 8,947 31,980 1,583,122 371,181 403,717 377,131 162,505 67,043 15,283 5,944 1,402,804158 906 24 747 3 335 l_ ' Cross profit, £180,318 ; rates collected, £4,792 ; net profit. £175,526. Ratio working-expenses to revenue = 49-0 per cent; ratio capital charges to capital outlay = 5'58 per cent.

D.—l.

Table VI.—Route-miles of Line operated by the Public Works Department, as at 31st March, 1938. NORTH ISLAND SYSTEM.

SOUTH ISLAND SYSTEM.

Actual Mileages and Sizes of Overhead Conductors in use in connection with above Lines.

125

Voltage .. ..I 110 kV. ! 50 kV. 11 kV. i 3kV. J_ , —; [ 1— Total Number of Circuits .. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 1. Route1 1 1 1 miles, Miles .. •• 486-40 258-57 447-72 45-48 j 13-90 J 22-58 0-18 4-55 6-62 1,286-00

(Including Southland.) Voltage .. i 110 kV. 66 kV. 33 kV. 11 kV. 6-6kV. 3kV. L.T. Number of j Total Circuits .. I 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. j 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 1. .. Route1 : j —-— ; miles, Miles .. : 183-85 j 37-79 | 487-94 1 -56 39-18119-69 1,702-65 83-51 1-27 j 5-52 4-17 38 563-3 3,168-43

„ ,. t . -jo . South Island System. North Island System. (Including Southland.) | ■S 1 s I I . 1 i I — H S Bfl £ 1 ft § S3 3 s '3 a | § ft ® S § ft i& a ft I ®- £ £ a "3 & §• «° o & S "3 M §• •§ 2 O o O H O O H 1/-104.. .. .. .. •• •• •• 56 •• •• •• •• 56 1/-112.. .. 282 282 1/-128.. .. .. •• •• 450 •• •• •• •• 450 1/-160.. ! .. •• 202 573 .. 775 4,026 .. .. 2,973 14 7,013 1/-176.. ! .. ■■ 764 •• •• 764 1/-192.. ! .. •• 1/0 72 72 3/0 .. .. •• •• 339 .. .. 339 7/-036.. I .. . • • • •• •• 74 •• •• •• •• 74 7/-044.. 3 . . . • ■ • • • 3 69 .. .. .. 69 7/-052.. .. .. •• •• •• 3 .. .. .. .. 3 7/-064 70 .. .. .. • • 70 221 5 .. .. .. 226 7/-080.. 667 667 1,047 2 1,049 7/-092.. .. •• 967 14 981 7/-104.. 201 .. ■- •• 201 59 .. .. .. .. 59 7/-128.. .. .. •• •• •• I 80 •• •• 180 7/-135.. .. •• 7/-167.. .. 636 .. 636 .. .. .. .. 4 4 7/-182.. .. ! •• 8 8 19/-052.. 7 .. | .. •• 7 19/-064.. 409 .. .. • . •• 409 40 .. .. .. -. 40 19/-072.. 2 .. [ 2 19/-080.. .. .. • • •• •• 5 •• •• •• 5 19/-092.. 2,133 .. .. •• •• 2,133 1,048 .. .. .. .. 1,048 19/-104.. 436 436 34 34 37/-072.. 359 359 37/-092.. 17 17 „ 37/-102.. .. .. •• •• •• •• •• 227 •• •• 227 Totals 4,376 636 202 573 282 6,069* 8,863 201 566 2,973 26 12,629t » Includes 1,039 miles of telephone line conductors. t Does not include 1,262 miles of telephone line conductors.

D.—l.

Table VII.—Circuit-miles of Supply Authorities' Lines connected to Government Systems as at 31st March, 1938.

126

?olto S e ! 22 3i°o°do 0r ".000. I 6,600. I 3,300. 400/230. | j Total — —— — ! ! : ; : lioute-miles I till I ! I I 1 i (a') Number of Circuits .... 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. i. I 1. 2. 1. I 2. North Island System. Auckland Power Board .. ,.| 54 j 179 .. i .. 180 I 16 I •• .. .. I .. 720 49 1 1,198 Bay of Plenty Power Board . - J .. 1 241 .. j .. j ,. 1 33 ! '274 Cambridge Power Board .. .. i 3 .. .. .. .. .. j .. 85 .. 106 !! 194 Central Hawke's Bay Power Board .. j 218 2 .. .. 31 .. .. .. 8 .. 44 .. 303 Central Waikato Power Board .. .. 356 13 1 .. .. .. .. .. 97 .. 328 " 795 Dannevirke Power Board .. .. 24 3 2 i 216 .. • • • • 99 • • 100 !' 444 Franklin Power Board .. .. .. 459 11 .... .. .. .. .. .. 209 !! 679 Hamilton Borough Council . . .. : 8 .... .. j .. .. .. .. .. 54 62 Hawke's Bay Power Board .. .. 259 10 2 1 .. .. j 12 .. 250 2 536 Horowhenua Power Board .. .. 183 ! 6 1 .. .. .. . j .. 528 718 Hutt Valley Power Board .. .. 15 24 .. .. 91 13 .... .. .. 195 1 339 Manawatu-Oroua Power Board .. .. 300 31 .. 1 .. .. .. .. I67 gji j 3jq New Plymouth Borough Council .. .. 269 16 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. 63 '3 '353 North Auckland Power Board . . .. 220J 13 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. j g 235 Opunake Power Board .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 152 10 .. .. .. j 118 i 7 287 Poverty Bay Power Board .. .. 45 7 .. .. 155 12 .. 0-23 .. .! 233 ! 2 454 Rotorua (Tourist Department) .. .. .. .. .. .. 63§ 5 .. .. 9 .. § 1 78 South Taranaki Power Board .. .. 218 8 .. .. .. .. i .. .. .. . • 199 . 425 Taranaki Power Board .. .. f34 48 .. .. .. 323 4 1 .. .. .. 252 '' 662 Tararua Power Board .. . . .. 158 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 147 . . ; 154 '' 4Q4 Te Awamutu Power Board . . ... 92 4 ! .. .. .. .. .. 132 2 94 • • Te Aroha Borough Council .. .. 1 ........ .. .. .. 4 .. 14 19 Thames Borough Council .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. . _ g .. ! 16 22 Thames Valley Power Board . . .. 594 85 1 .. .. .. i .. .. : 27 . 217 "' 993 Wairarapa Power Board .. .. 278 27 1 .. .. .. .. ..10 698 2 1 016 Wairoa Power Board .. .. .. 38 24 j .. | ... ! .. .. 6 . ; 53 " 'j2i Waitemata Power Board . . . . 872{ 12 . . . . .. .. .. .... t 884 Waitomo Power Board .. .. .. 123 2 1 .. .. .. 27 1 154 Wanganui-Rangitikei Power Board .. 260 34 .. .. 182 j .. .. 3 .! 1 609 4 2 092 *Wellington City Council .. Totais 88 | 5,461 338 10 4 1,393 60 1 .. 811 2 | 7,125 72 _ 15^36^7^7 ' I I * 1938 figures not received in time for inclusion in this table. t 33 kV. (a) Includes underground cables. t 400 volt lines are included with 11 kV lines. Separate figures not available. § 400 volt lines are included with 6.6 kV lines. Separate figures not available.

D.—l

Table VII.—Circuit-miles of Supply Authorities' Lines connected to Government Systems as at 31st March, 1938— continued.

127

Voltage .. .. .. .. 33,000. 11,000. 6,600. 3,300. 400. | 230. Tota , _ Underground Route- ! j j ; Cable. miles. Number of Circuits .. .. 1. 2. ! 1. 2. 3. I 4. 1. 2. 1. 2. (3* 2. 1. South Island System. Ashburton Power Board .. .. .. 89 20 1 1 809 2 .. .. .. 155 .. .. 1 1,078 Banks Peninsula Power Board 22 I 25 j .. 60 4 57 j .. 92 .... .. 260 Bluff Borough Council .. .. .. .. ! .. .. .. .. .. ill .. 10 .. 6 .. 18 Christchurch City Council .. .. .. 16 j .. .. .. .. .. 10 | .. 273 •• ?6 375 Dunedin City Council .. 97 4 . . .. .. .. 174 14 14 2 .. 272 .. . . 20 597 Grey Power Board .. .. .. .. 130 23 .. .... .. .. .. .. 97 43 2 295 Heathcote County Council .. .. : .. 7 .. .... .. .. .. .. 28 .. j .. 1 36 Invercargill City Council .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. 11 3 .. 57 2 i 17 2 94 Kaiapoi Borough Council .. j .. I .. .. . . .. .. 2 . . .. 11 j 2 .. 15 Lyttelton Borough Council ..[.... 3 .. . . .. .. .. . . .. 10 .. .. 13 Malvern Power Board .. .. .. .. . . .. . . 176 .. .. .. .. 8 .. 2 .. 186 North Canterbury Power Board j .. . . 377 14 .. . . 59 .. 26 .. .. 59 ■ • ! 198 .. 733 Otago Power Board .. .. j 40 90 .. .. .. 198 1 .. I .. .. 46 • • 167 .. 542 Rangiora Borough Council .. j .. . . .... .. .. .. .. 2 1 .. 8 • • ! 3 .. 14 Riccarton Borough Council .. .. .. .... .. . . .. .. .. .. 3 18 2 .. 23 South Canterbury Power Board .. .. 98 i 31 .. .. 563 4 .. .. .. 135 ■ • i •• 2 833 Springs-Ellesmere Power Board .. .. 38 6 .. .. 41 .. 130 .. .. 115 . ■ 4 .. 334 Sumner Borough Council .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 3 .. .. 6 I .... .. 10 Timaru Borough Council .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 5 4 .. 56 | ■. ' .. 3 69 Waitaki Power Board .. .. .. 185 1 .. .. 194 2 4 .. .. 234 .. .. .. 620 Waimairi County Council .. .. .. .. [ .. .. .. 30 1 26 .. .. 68 i I 23 1 149 Totals .. .. 159 ; 4 1059 98 1 1 2,304 28 291 11 3 1,758 j 4 I 465 108 6,294 ' I I I | I Grand total, 21,659 circuit miles.

D.—l.

Table VIII.—Electric-power Districts of New Zealand as constituted at 31st March, 1938.

128

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D.—l.

Table VIII.—Electric-power Districts of New Zealand as constituted at 31st March, 1938—continued.

9 —D. 1

129

Value of Rateable Property. m a T „ f _, Total Votes cast for Number Proclamation Approximate Area. Population. — Valuation Basis Loan Polls. of Name of Board. Con|gL £t5S. Unimproved. ££S£L — — District. Outer Area. District. Outer Area. District. District. Outer Area. * or - Against. Number. Sq. Miles. Sq. Miles. Number. Number. £ £ £ £ Number. Number. 17. Lake Wakatipu 1 .. .. 1/2/34 7 73 3,800 1,700 1,200 .. 171,920 321,690 .. .. Poll not yet taken. 474 18 Malvern ,. .. .. -f 6 308 1,773 3,550 1,500 2,497,802 1,765,159 1,073,106 Capital .. .. 65,000 508 33 1,054 1 17/3/30J 9. Manawatu-Oroua .. .. •: 20/6/29 > 12 1,301 .. 43,059 e .. 12,918,565 12,918,565 .. Unimproved .. 550,000 1,144 96 9,100 •>0 Marlborough .. .. 8 3,218 .. 14,530 .. 7,449,979 4,258,916 .. Capital .. .. 349,500 1,587 431 3,760 [" 29/3/23 ~| 21. North Auckland .. i 5 5/3/31 f 12 2,220 5 27,290 7,154 3,581,247 3,789,051 788,782 Unimproved .. 297,000 3,512 958 7,021 [ 13/12/34 J j 22. North Canterbury .. .. { 1I/I/34} 8 | 1,628 2,948 15,679 3,606 { ' 1' : } 9 > 900 ' 164 4,798,121 unim- 210,700 653 150 3,722 ' 18/8/21 1 23 Opunake .. <! 19/3/25 J> 7 240 10 6,750 380 2,220,383 1,123,251 54,269 Capital .. .. 97,000 504 107 1,004 I 20/8/25 J l 26/10/22 04 Otago Central .. .. 4/12/24 9 774 1,949 4,643 473 1,323,653 583,606 466,501 Capital .. .. 159,000 1,197 71 1,330 L 19/7/28 J f18/10/231 25. Otago .. .. .. -I 2 i/n/|g 9 1,39i 890 17,931 6,251 4,797,711 3,061,588 1,634,860 Capital .. .. 310,500 1,358 206 5,535 26. Poverty Bay .. .. 11 1,742 .. 25,510 .. 14,461,734 4,648,288 .. Capital .. .. 379,750 2,319 530 8,173 27. Reefton 1 .. .. 30/6/21 5 24 .. 1,639 .. 178,055 38,054 .. Capital .. .. .. Poll not yet taken. f26 /10/221 28 South Canterbury .. .. i 8/3/28 I 12 1.673 3,579 37,486 s 6,980 13,311,561 11,518,975 2,283,540 Capital .. .. 395,220 1,919 587 6,410 L13/12/28 J 29. South Taranaki .. .. { } 10 434 46 20 ' 000 1,500 9,059,095 5,296,444 79,442 Capital .. .. 227,500 1,237 300 3,847 f 8/7/20] 29/3/23 30. Springs-Ellesmere .. .. \ 17/3/30!* 5 524 .. 12,330 .. 7,856,719 5,678,061 32,000 Capital .. .. 166,520 1,352 105 3,133 5/2/31 j ! I 6/8/31 j | | (For notes see p. 130.)

D.—l.

Table VIII. —Electric-power Districts of New Zealand as constituted at 31st March, 1938 —continued.

130

Value of Rateable Property. Proclamation Approximate Area. Population. —— — Valuation Basis f °' Numbed Name of Board. c ~f on Unimproved. gazetted. iurpoaes. authorized. payers. District. Outer Area. District. Outer Area. District. District. Outer Area. For. Against. I I . Number. Sq. Miles. Sq. Miles. Number, Number. £ £ £ £ Number. Number. f 19/5/22 6/5/26 I 31. Taranaki .. .. .. -J 20/5/26 8 355 1,333 13,985 8,015 6,141,672 2,865,396 3,109,336 Capital .. .. 449,800 1,165 263 2,150 5/2/31 L 2/11/33 J 32. Tararua .. .. .. 23/3/22 10 700 524 8,115 1,805 2,815,000 2,815,000 1,262,581 Unimproved .. 200,000 714 83 3,600 f 14/6/231 33. Tauranga .. .. <J 16/7/31 )- 7 646 3 10,360 4,510 1,004.372 1,004,372 517,107 Unimproved .. 184,500 1,555 342 2,600 I 1/6/33 J f 8/1/201 34. TeAwamutu .. .. <{ 27/11/24 8 342 58 9,710 150 1,849,902 1,849,902 N.A* Unimproved .. 216,000 814 148 2,268 l_ 28/1/37 J 35. Teviot .. .. " "f 6/11/24 J" 7 102 .. 1,910 .. 176,839 255,661 .. Unimproved .. 55,500 280 32 404 f 8/1/20-1 36. Thames Valley .. .. ■{ o 2 /19/24 (" 12 2,301 •• 46,9798 .. 14,429,582 6,587,837 .. Capital .. .. 925,000 3,917 1,087 15,122 [ 1/6/33 J 37. Waimea .. .. .. 2/5/29 7 434 1,126 9,235 14,000 2,656,884 N.A.* N.A* Capital .. .. 157,500 3,062 697 2,960 f 25/3/201 20/5/26 I 38. Wairarapa .. .. <| " 9 637 1,359 19,612 5,770 10,705,778 5,772,319 2,656,117 Capital .. .. 333,100 2,295 312 5,499 I 3/2/27 I 17/10/29 J | f 18/1/231 4/11/26 39. Wairere .. .. .. -j 21/3/29 |> 7 455 25 2,500 200 717,137 717,137 163,379 Unimproved .. 65,850 176 19 760 24/9/31 25/6/36 J 40. Wairoa .. .. .. " 29/7/20 10 1,354 .. 6,970 .. j 4,171,231 1,612,815 .. Capital .. .. 100,000 504 31 1,551 41. Waitaki .. .. .. / 9 560 1,813 18,000 ; 500 j 5,747,283 4,406,970 239,322 Capital .. .. 240,650 1,959 222 4,752 [18/10/23 ] 27/11/24 | j 42. Waitemata .. .. 26/8/26 ;> 12 1,106 .. 48,734 .. j 13,903,497 5,821,648 .. Capital .. .. 495,000 11,326 2,214 16,206 6 7/3/29 | I 24/1/35 J 43. Waitomo .. .. | 28/1/37J" 7 170 1,090 7 ' 100 2 ' 400 880,236 880,236 N,A.* Unimproved .. 143,400 784 109 1,742 1/12/21 | 44 Wanganui-Rangitikei .. 2 20/6/29 f 12 1,648 972 52,000 3,000 22,099,617 6,568,540 1,408,210 Capita] .. 375,000 1,315 214 10,350 t 6/11/34 J 45. Westland 2 .. .. 28/10/20 9 900 .. 3,462 .. 401,319 220,810 .. .. •• Poll not yet taken. 683 Totals 1937-38 .. .. 394 40,435 31,381 972,477 88,500 330,799,995 208,121,505 23,196,052 .. 13,344,700 76,160 13,835 221,458 1936-37 .. .. 394 39,878 31,868 950,579 , 95,262 326,641,373 209,806,297 22,231,939 13,040,770 76,816 14,206 216,780 1 K"ot yet actively functioning. 2 License delegated to Westland Power, Ltd. 3 Capital basis. 4 Unimproved basis. 5 Figures given in 1936-37 returns; later information not available. 6 Figures given in 1934-35 returns; later information not available. 7 Figures given in 1930-31 returns; later information not available. 8 Includes population of separately licensed boroughs forming part of the electric-power district and represented on the electric-power board. * N.A. = not available. Total Area of Dominion = 103,415 square miles. Total Unimproved Value of Land in the Dominion (1936) = £295,695,574. Total Capital Value of Land in the Dominion (1936) = £635,801 ,798.

D.—l

Table IX.—Statistics of Population, Consumers, System Voltages, Route-miles of Lines, etc., for the Year ended 31st March, 1938.

o *

131

Note. —In the column describing the Source of Supply the following abbreviations are used : G.N. = Government supply, North Island system; G.S. = Government supply, South Island system; I . = Independent supply (own generating- plant); B. = Bulk supply from another authority. .. ■ „ t Distribution Ypnr Ratio of Voltage. Transform Population Consumers ; T? n „tp Consumers Street Supply Authority. ~«| f Supply ' Secondary Dis- | Tota] -J-W Static Head. Lighting No. menced. Area of Generation. Baffin. j i~ i ' j Public Wokks Department. % Ft. fll.OOO ~) n 11 000 V f Ara P uni = 175 1 1. Arapuni-Mangahao-Waikare- I. 1921 .. 388 -> 6,600 !> _ ' 400/230 A.C. 58 5,292 1,285 .. j Hora Hora=27 ! 1 moana [ 5,000 J o0 ' 00<) 3 ' 300 J | Mangahao=896 f " i Waikaremoana=676 J Til 000 f 110 ' 000 1 11 000 "I I Coleridge =480 "1 2. Coleridge - Waitaki - Arnold I. 1915 .. 124 .. =( «'cnn "i 66,000 J> 1 L 400/230 A.C. 64 4,735 680 .. <j Waitaki=70 }■ .. 2 River I b,b00 33) oooJ b ' b(W J { Arnold River =42 J 3. Southland Electric - power I. 1925 48,875 10,886 22-24 6,600 66,000 / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 1,624 19,007 2,492 4-4 Monowai=154 Series and 3 Supply 4 \ 3,300 j Parallel Totals, P.W.D. .. .. .. 48,875 11,398 j .. .. .. .. | .. 1,746 29,034 4,457 Electric-power Boards. 1. Ashburton .. .. G.S. 1923 19,070 4,425 23-20 400(a) .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 901 9,578 952 4-6 .. Series 1 \ 6,600 / 2. Auckland .. .. G.N. 1908 225,000 58,342 25-93 6,600 (.9) 22,000 / 11,000 400/230 A.C. \ 975 52,028 1,198 48-7 .. Seriesand 2 \ 6,600 460/230 B.C. f Parallel r 11,000 i 3. Banks Peninsula .. .. G.S. 1921 3,777 1,071 28-36 3,300 (a) 33,000 <J 6,600 '> 400/230 A.C. 185 1,641 213 5-0 310 Parallel 3 L 3,300 J 4. Bay of Islands 6 .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . • ■ • .. .. 4 5. Bay of Plenty .. .. G.N. 1928 10,500 1,809 17-23 .. .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 350 4,713 274 6-6 .. Series 5 6. Buller 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ■ ■ • - • ■ .. 6 7. Cambridge .. .. G.N. 1921 6,000 1,570 26-16 .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 143 1,986 195 8-0 .. Series 7 \ 3,300 / f 11,000 I 8. Central Hawke's Bay .. G.N. 1925 11,100 1,930 17-38 .. J. 6,600 > 400/230 A.C. 293 4,172 257 7-5 .. Parallel 8 L 3,300 J 9. Central Waikato .. .. G.N. 1921 19,400 6,091 31-39 .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 395 8,889 795 7-7 .. Parallel 9 \ 3,300 / 10. Dannevirke .. .. G.N. 1925 13,157 3,001 22-80 .. .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 264 2,583 345 8-7 .. Series 10 I 6,600 / 11. Franklin .. .. G.N. 1925 19,980 4,610 23-07 .. .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 438 7,970 680 6-8 .. Parallel 11 12. Golden Bay .. .. I. 1929 1,520 447 29-41 400 .. 6,600 400/230 A.C. 64 1,092 73 6-12 330 Parallel 12 13. Grey .. .. .. G.S. 1926 14,320 4,226 29-50 3,300 33,000 11,000 400/230 A.C. 134 7,724 258 16-4 .. Series 13 14. Hawke's Bay .. .. G.N. 1927 31,179 7,845 25-20 3,300 (a) .. / 11,000 400/230 A.C. \ 299 7,535 421 18-6 .. Seriesand 14 \ 3,300 460/230 D.C. / Parallel 15. Horowhenua .. .. G.N. 1924 17,500 5,195 29-70 .. .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 200 6,855 346 15-0 .. Seriesand 15 Parallel 16. Hutt Valley .. .. G.N. 1925 48,200 13,488 27-98 .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 186 11,432 304 44-4 .. Seriesand 16 \ 6,600 / Parallel 17. Lake Wakatipu 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 (For notes, see page 135.)

D.—l

Table IX.—Statistics of Population, Consumers, System Voltages, Route-miles of Lines, etc., for the Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

132

G.N.=Government supply, North Island system. G.S.=Government supply, South Island system. I.=Independent supply (own generating-plant). B.=Bulk supply from another authority. Year of Volta « e " T^tamer" Population Consumers . , B , Consumers c frppt A Source of a „fzJL included in Number of to Popula- i per Route- Q+0 .- Tr n t Supply Authonty. o nm i v Supply . f fnrxsnmprs tinn in i 1111168 of ttiiIp nf Static Head. -Lighting No. Supply. com . ™ f Consumers, jionm Generation i Trans- Primary Secondary Distribution Number Total Lines. ™/® of System. menced. Supply. feneration. ; mission. Distribution. (and System of Supply). umt>er - kVA. Lme - Electric-power Boards —contd. % Ft. 18. Malvern .. .. G.S. 1925 3,550 722 20-35 .. .. I 6,600 400/230 A. C. 190 1,352 187 3-9 .. Parallel 18 19. Manawatu-Oroua .. G.N. 1924 20,868 5,441 26-09 .. -• / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 465 9,673 640 8-5 .. Seriesand 19 \ 3,300 /j Parallel 20. Marlborough .. .. I. 1927 14,530 3,106 21-38 6,600 33,000 / J.1,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 212 3,636 287 10-8 100 Series 20 \ 6,600 / 21. North Auckland .. .. G.N. 1936 27,290 1,973 7-23 .. .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 151 3,310 235 8-4 .. Parallel 21 r 11,000 i 22. North Canterbury .. G.S. 1928 15,679 2,674 17-05 .. i<J 6,600 )■ 400/230 A.C. 458 4,607 594 4-5 .. Parallel 22 I I 3,300 J 23. Opunake .. .. G.N. 1924 6,750 1,145 16-96 6,600 .. 6,600 400/230 A.C. 104 1,134 162 7-1 47 Series 23 24. Otago Central .. .. I. 1925 4,643 1,079 23-23 6,600 33,000 / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 153 2,430 183 5-9 987 Parallel 24 \ 6,600 / 25. Otago .. .. .. B. 1926 17,931 4,479 24-98 .. 33,000 / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 317 3,479 542 8-3 .. Seriesand 25 \ 6,600 / Parallel 26. Poverty Bay .. .. G.N. 1912 25,510 5,624 22-05 6,600 (s) .. If 11,000 400/230 A.C. \ 346 7,812 396 14-2 .. Series 26 j\ 6,600 460/230 D.C. / 27. Reefton 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 28. South Canterbury .. G.S. 1925 19,986 4,800 24-00 400 (s) .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 724 7,796 832 5-8 66 Seriesand 28 \ 6,600 / Parallel 29. South Taranaki .. .. G.N. 1929 20,000 3,677 18-39 5,500 (s) .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 251 5,283 315 11-7 57 Seriesand 29 If 11,000 1 Parallel 30. Springs-Ellesinere .. G.S. 1922 12,330 2,768 22-45 .. .. 6,600 400/230 A.C. 444 3,681 334 8-3 .. Seriesand 30 L 3,300 J Parallel 31. Taranaki .. .. I. & G.N. 1927 13,985 2,812 20-10 6,600 33,000 / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 348 6,201 427 6-6 300 Series 31 \ 6,600 / 32. Tararua .. .. G.N. 1925 8,115 1,926 23-74 .. if 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 311 2,927 291 6-6 .. Series 32 \ 3,300 / f 11,000-3 ph. 1 400/230 A.C. 1 33. Tauranga .. .. B. 1926 10,360 2,046 19-74 .. 33,000 6,350-1 ph. y 460/230 1 ph. 3 wire 338 4,197 517 4-0 .. Parallel 33 ! 3,300-3 ph. J A.C. J 34. TeAwamutu .. G.N. 1921 9,710 2,305 23-74 .. •• I / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 242 3,465 321 7-2 .. Seriesand 34 i\ 3,300 f\ Parallel f 11,000 1 35. Teviot .. .. .. I. 1924 1,910 444 23-24 3,300 .. 6,600 J- 400/230 A.C. 160 1,121 75 5-9 380 Series 35 j L 3,300 J 36. Thames Valley .. .. G.N. 1921 40,345 8,987 22-28 .. ■ ■ 'f 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 541 12,963 922 9-8 .. Parallel 36 \ 3,300 / f 400 ] 37. Waimea .. .. I. & B. 1912 9,235 2,326 25-20 <( 3,300 )- .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 116 2,449 147 15-8 960/16/10 Seriesand 37 L 2,500 J |\ 2,500 / Parallel 38. Wairarapa .. .. G.N. 1923 19,612 5,637 28-76 3,300 (s) .. f. 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 353 9,727 570 9-9 429/290 Series 38 \ 3,300 / 39. Wairere.. .. .. I. 1925 2,500 432 17-28 6,600 .. . 6,600 400/230 A.C. 199 1,622 164 2-6 I 65 Parallel 39 40. Wairoa .. .. .. G.N. 1923 6,970 477 6-13 .. .. 1/ 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 93 2,527 121 3-9 .. Parallel 40 i\ 3,300 / j (For notes, see page 135.)

D.—l

Table IX.—Statistics of Population, Consumers, System Voltages, Route-miles of Lines, etc., for the Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

133

G.N. = Government supply, North Island system. G.S. = Government supply, South Island system. I. = Independent supply (own generating-plant). B. = Bulk supply from another authority. ~ I X7 „,, Distribution Y Pa r i Ratio of ; \ oltage. Transformers wh™ Population Consumers j L° !!!: R f Consumers st t C' i Source of c „r®r- included in Number of to Popula- per Route- Q . -nt« Supply Authority. Sunniv Supply . f consumer* tinn in miles of H milprif Static Head. Lighting No Supply com . Aieaof Consume . to Generation Trans- Primary Secondary Distribution N b Total Lines. TlL System. menced. bu PP'5- | Supply j lieIlera,}I0n - mission. Distribution. (and System of Supply). JNUm » er - kVA. ljlne - Electric-powers Boards —contd. % f 11,000 1 Ft. 41. Waitaki .. .. G.S. 1926 18,000 4,452 24-' 74 3,300 (s) .. ■{ 6,600 J- 400/230 A.G. 496 4.753 503 8-8 250 Seriesand 41 L 3,300 J ' Parallel 42. Waitemata .. .. G.N. 1926 48,734 13,315 27-33 .. .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 413 13,176 884 15-1 .. Parallel 42 43. Waitomo .. .. G.N. 1926 7,100 1,601 22-55 .. .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 161 2,910 153 10-5 .. Parallel 43 .. w ■ "D -4--1 • r> "\ T i no a ko osa n 91 qr o qaa / \ 1 400/230 A.C. \ 651 12,212 872 12-8 .. Seriesand 44 44. Wangauui-Rangitikei .. G.N. 1924 52,380 ll,18o 21-36 3,300 (s) .. <j 6,600 j 500 D .C. (Trams) / . Parallel 45. Westland 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . 45 Totals, Power Boards.. .. .. 878,726 209,483 23-85 .. .. .. .. 13,064 262,641 16,985 12-33 Other Local Authorities. iy Cj QWYLCSil/S 1. Christchurch ..' .. G.S. 1903 99.000 31,629 31-95 460 D.C. (s) .. / 11,000 400/230 A.C. \ 265 34.365 354 89-3 .. Series 1 \ 3,300 460/230 "D.C. / f 6,600 "} 2. Dunedin.. .. .. I. & G.S. 1907 87,500 29,233 33-40 J. 2,400 35,000 f 6,600 400/230 A.C. \ rn „ „ 1 550 D.C. (s) J 1 3 ; 3 00 500 D.C. (Trams) / 793 31 < 2 ' 15 500 49a /0 ° Senes 2 f 3,300(s) 1 3. Invercargill .. .. G.S. 1914 22,000 6,385 29-03 400 (s) ]■ .. / 11,000 400/230 A.C. \ 69 3,762 SI 78-8 .. Seriesand 3 L 600 D.C. (s) J \ 3,300 500 D.C. (Trams) / Parallel 4. Nelson .. .. .. I. 1923 11,214 3,320 29-60 3,300 .. 3,300 400/230 A.C. 15 1,705 56 59-3 .. Series 4 5. Palmerston North .. B. 1924 23,000 6,354 27-63 3,300 (s) .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 40 3,675 77 82-6 .. Parallel 5 1 3,300 / 6. Wellington .. .. G.N. 1907 125,000 38.136 30-52 11,000 («) .. / 11,000 400/230 A.C. \ 106 38,440 287 133-0 .. Parallel 6 \ 3,300 500 D.C. (Trams) f Totals, City Councils .. .. .. 367,714 115,057 31-30 .. .. .. .. 1,288 113,192 1,450 79-4 Borough Councils. 1.Bluff .. .. .. G.S. 1903 2,036 547 26-89 .. .. 3,300 400/230 A.C. 16 596 12 45-6 .. Seriesand 1 Parallel 2. Hamilton .. .. G.N. 1913 16,100 5,069 31-49 .. .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 39 3.600 62 81-8 .. Parallel 2 3. Inglewood .. .. B. 1905 1,300 442 34-00 .. .. 3,300 400/230 A.C. 3 175 9 49-0 .. ParaUel 3 4. Kaiapoi .. .. B. 1917 1,800 515 28-60 .. .. 3,300 400/230 A.C. 2 240 15 35-5 .. Parallel 4 5. Lyttelton .. .. G.S. 1918 3,300 980 29-70 .. .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 8 600 10 98-0 .. Series 5 6. Napier .. .. .. B. 1913 15,302 4,920 32-15 3,300 .(*) .. 3,300 400/230 A.C. 30 4,900 43 114-3 .. Parallel 6 7. New Plymouth .. .. I. & G.N. 1905 21,000 6.860 32-67 6,600 .. 11.000 / 400/230 A.C. \ 241 11,030 353 19-4 240/120 Seriesand 7 \ 500 D.C. (Trams) / Parallel 8. Ohakune .. .. B. & I. 1914 1,758 518 29-45 2.400 (s) .. f 6,600 \ 400/230 A.C. 17 271 19 27-3 42 Parallel 8 \ 2,400 / 9. Patea .. .. . B. & I. 1901 2,500 449 17-96 3,300 (-s) .. 3,300 400/230 A.C. 17 426 18 25-0 78 Parallel 9 (For notes, see page 135.)

D.—l

Table IX.—Statistics of Population, Consumers, System Voltages, Route-miles of Lines, etc., for the Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

134

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D.—l

Table IX.—Statistics of Population, Consumers, System Voltages, Route-miles of Lines, etc., for the Year ended 31st March, 1938—continued.

135

G.N. =Government supply, North Island system. G.S.=Government Supply, South Island system. I.=Independent supply (own generating-plant). B.=Bulk supply from another authority. Distribution .p. „ Ratio of voltage. Transformers. rnnsnmprs -Population Consumers . Route- r Route- 0 JS? _ , . .. .. Source of c included in Number of to Popula- | miles of p u of | Static Head. Lighting No. Supply Authority. Supply. S y Area of Consumers. tion in Trans . Primary Secondary Distribution Kumber Total Lines. Li ; System. menced. Su PP'y- Supply Generation. mission. Distribution. (and System of Supply). kVA. Other Local Authorities — continued. 1. C0! ' WC, . fe ' .. G.S. 1914 6,000 1,370 22-83 .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 17 1,178 35 39-2 .. Series 3,300 J 2. Kaikoura .. .. I. 1922 1,000 180 18-00 3,300 .. 400/230 A.C. 6 63 6 30-0 .. Series 2 3. Murchison .. .. I. 1922 540 194 35-90 3,300 .. 3,300 400/230 A.C. 12 142 16 12 1 105 Parallel 3 t WaTmain' !! B. 191? 14,520 3,749 25-82 " / e',600 \ 400/230 A.C. "71 148 25-4 .. Senesand 5 3 , 300 j Totals, County Councils , .. .. 22,460 5,598 24-92 .. ■■ 106 4,618 208 26-9 „ Totals, other Local .. .. 546,068 165,874 30-40 .. •• •• 2,130 156,958 2,795 59-3 v. ■ ■ Authorities — 1. Aldert0n°Utility E C 0 . .. I. 1930 620 84 13-55 400 .. 6,350 230 A.C 17 245 14 6-0 Parallel 1 2. Kanieri Electric, Ltd. .. I. 1921 2,700 805 29-83 2,400 .. 11,000 400/230 A.C. 6 1,580 29 27 8 250/110 Series 2 3. Kohukohu (L. Keys) .. j I. 1933 300 60 20-00 110 .. •• ionnp " 7 49 ■ ■> 07 Parallel 4 4. Reefton Electric Light and I. 1887 1,500 347 23-14 230 .. .. 230 D.C. .. ... 7 49 5 -7 Parallel 4 5. Rawemef Motored td. .. I. 1926 300 56 18-77 230 .. •• 230 D.C .. ■- 1 56-0 ... Parallel 5 6. Wilson's (N.Z.) Portland I. 1916 500 182 36-40 5,500 22,000 2,200 400/ 230 A.C. 30 459 4o 7. Ltd. .. I. 1928 5,650 291 .. / 6,600 \ .. / 11,000 \ 400/230 A.C. 30 2,560 72 4-0 260/105 Parallel \ 400 / \ 6,600 / Totals, Companies ..j .. .. 11,570 1,825 15-77 .- •• -• 83 4,844 170 10-74 ■ ■ Totals, all Supply Autho- .. .. 1,485,239 388,580 26-16 .. •• 17,023 453,477 24,407 15-92 rities \ — — Notes. —(s)= Standby supply. 1 Not actively functioning. 2 License delegated to Westland Power, Ltd. 3 No returns received. the 6 S ToSS^^1w^nr?^ e Po^^Bc^Td^^lst^tobe^T^ST.^ 6^^110111 ° U 13th October, 1936. 5 New Electric-power district constituted 3rd March, 1937, but Board not yet actively functioning as a supply authority. Taken over bj IsorthA Total Population of Dominion at 30th September, 1937 : 1,591,974. Ratio of Total Population in Areas of Supply to Total Population of Dominion : 93-30 per cent.

Table X.—Results of Generation and Distribution for Year ended 31st March, 1938.

D.—l.

136

Note. — In the columns detailing the capacity of generating plant the following symbols are used to denote the type of prime mover: * Water; f Steam ; J Oil; § Gas. _ . . - I Capacity of Generating Connected g Units -a Units sold (Average), g u Piant. Load. -g " g _ .S^g Maxi- i £ j 7- : = ; 5— j— "3 ~ - 0* £ § 3j Supply Authority. mum Includ J ExcIud . -a Generated. Total _ J !».§ 1 § II g«|l »l| lN °' Main Plant. Standby Plant. ' S | — j Purchased. j —' ~ S Retail to | prolcttk" j tU" T »I l|g| b|| f |! Supply. Supply. p, Water. Steam. Oil. Gas. purchased. Supply for Consumers. t £ > Resale. — _ "" pi-" 1-1 2 1 Public Works Department. kW. kVA. kW. kVA. kW. kW. kW. % ! kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. % % I kWh. kWh. kWh. I kW. 1. Arapuni-Mailgahao-Waikare- 165,000» 195.810/ 3,750{ 4,688 \ 143,240 1,064, 571 28.57813-46:796, 303,987"2,013.722" 34,477" .. 1,814 798.354,000 720,490,034 34,729.226 77,863.960 9-75 63-60 .. .. 215 j .. 1 moana \ 1.500t 1,875/ ! 2. Coleridge- Waitaki - Arnold 67.560* 77.572/ 7,200\ 51.860 462,877 24,14011-20,241,646,155 .. 745,620 .. .. 242,391,775 205,579,104 20,739,351 36.812.671 15-18 53-40 .. .. 128 .. 2 River 1 \;i,100t 10 1.100/ 3. Southland Electric-power 6,000* 7.050 .. .. 7,520 64.113 43,469111-73 31,176,950 726,990 .. .. .. 31,903,940 23,557,484 15,606,623 8,346,456 26-16 48-45 320 1,434 18 0-465 3 Supply 2 j ! | Totals, P.W.D. .. 238,560 280,432 12,110 14,864 .. 1,591,561 96,187! .. 1,069,127,092 2,740,712 780,097 .. 1,814 1,072,649,715 949,626,622 71,075,200 123,023,093 11-47" 152 ' ~™ Electric-power Boards. 1. Ashburton .. .. .. .. 1601 200 2,130 .. 18.36211-60 .. .. 32.291 .. 10,136,000 10.168,291 .. 7,967.561 2.200.730 21-60 54-50 418 1,801 23 0-482 j 1 2. Auckland .. .. .. .. / 35,550t 43.940\ 49.914 .. 285.115 17-51 .. .. .. .. 218,891,032 218,891,032 .. 187,618,909 31,272,123 14-29 50-06 834 2,873 84 0-718 2 'j 2 , \ 5,610t D.C./ 3. Banks Peninsula .. .. .. .. 72* 90 587 .. 5.547 10-58 58.453 .. .. .. 2,706,622 2.765,075 .. 2,024,366 740,709 26-79 53-77 536 1,890 20 0-548 3 4. Bay of Islands 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. 4 5. Bay of Plenty .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,677 .. 8.23920-35 .. .. .. .. 11,388,691 11,388,691 10,089,014 9,900,693 1,299,677 11-41 77-60 944 5,476 49 0-896 5 6. Buller' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. 6 7. Cambridge .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.026 .. 4,43023-17 .. .. .. .. 6,565,150 6,565,150 .. 5,383,423 1.181,727 18-00 73-00 897 3,428 50 0-654 7 8. Central Hawke's Bav .. .. .. .. .. 997 .. 6,99914-25 .. .. .. .. 5,616,045 5.616.045 .. 4.907,189 708.856 12-62 64-30 442 2.542 30 0-517 8 9. Central Waikato .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.672 25.318 25.30814-50 .. .. .. .. 22.100,935 22.100.935 18.962,792 18,938.865 3.138,143 14-20 68-70 978 3.109 45 0-602 9 10. Dannevirke .. .. .. .. .. .. 976 .. 9,960 9-80 .. .. .. .. 5,738,691 5,738,691 .. 5.060,374 678.317 11-82 67-15 385 1,686 22 0-325 10 11. Franklin . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,186 .. 16,213 19-64 .. .. .. .. 20.319,268 20.319,268 .. 16,572,020 3,747.248 18-43 72-90 830 3.596 49 0-691 11 12. Golden Bay .. .. 175* 250 .. .. 204 .. 1.22616-64 891,630 .. .. .. 113,100 1,004.730 .. 857,650 147.080 14-65 56-22 564 1.918 39 0-456 12 13. Grey .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.002 .. 14,83320-25 12,031, 437>« 384,230 .. .. 3,426,512 15,842.179 .. 14,008,409 1,833,770 11-57 60-25 978 3,310 82 0-711 13 f 520} 650~l 14. Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. <i 567} D.C. > 5.524 48,305 36,107 11-43 .. .. (9,768) ls .. 33.515,224 33,524.992 29,613.590 18,718.190 3.911,402 11-67 69-28 600 2.386 81 0-456 14 ! 144* 160 J 15. Horowhenua .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,886 .. 19,205 15-03 .. .. .. .. 14,148,679 14,148.679 .. 12,836,062 1,312,610 9-28 55-97 734 2,471 51 0-555 15 16. Hutt Valley .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.464 .. 57.615 12-95 .. .. .. .. 35,646,726 35,646.726 .. 31,231,294 4,415,432 12-38 54-50 648 2,315 83 0-554 16 17. Lake Wakatipu 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ■■ -• •• ■■ I 7 18. Malvern .. .. . .. .. .. .. 257 .. 3,127 8-22 .. .. .. .. 1,106,952 1.106.952 .. 806,158 300.794 27-17 49-20 227 1,117 11 0-356 18 19. Manawatu-Oroua .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.150 50,772 12-H .. .. .. .. 35,556,622 35,556.622 34,437.050 16.784.050 1.119.572 3-15 66-00 805 3,086 74 0-480 19 20. Marlborough .. .. 1,000* 1.250 1.3561 1,695 1,020 .. 12,062 8-47 5,347,625 .. 277,940 .. .. 5,625,565 .. 4,232,040 1,393,525 24-78 63-00 291 1,363 20 0-328 20 21. North Auckland 5 .. .. .. .. ' .. 648 9,682 6-69 .. .. .. .. 2,439,110 2,439,110 .. 2,132.588 306.522 12-57 43-00 78 552 16 0-329 21 22. North Canterbury . . .. .. .. .. .. 1.625 14.772 11.186 11-00 .. .. .. 7,811,200 7,811,200 6,370,453 4.963,873 1,440,747 18-44 54-87 317 1,855 33 0-473 22 23. Opunake.. " .. .. 315* 450 148{ 185 536 .. 3.707 14-47 (949,350)" .. (7,949)" .. 1,450,554 2,407.853 .. 1.879,454 528.399 21-96 51-30 278 1,641 26 0-468 23 24. Otago Central .. .. 1,600* 2.000 .. ' .. 1.050 .. 3,811 27-55 5,403.450 .. .. .. .. 5,403,450 .. 4,413.772 989,678 18-32 58-80 950 4.090 45 24 25. Otago .. .. .. .. ;. .. .. 1.643 .. 13.721 11-97 .. .. .. .. 7,831.220 7.831.220 .. 6,135,531 1.695.689 21-65 54-40 342 1,370 20 0-367 25 26. Poverty Bav .. .. .. .. / 680} 850\ 3,123 .. 27,18011-49 .. .. 221.130 .. 14.037,086 14,258.216 .. 12,952,727 1.305.489 9-16 52-12 508 2,303 45 0-555 26 .. X 3001 D.C./ 27. Eeefton 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -. .... .. .. 27 28. South Canterbury . . .. .. .. 29* 36 4.320 39.240 19,04011-00 3.073 .. .. .. 20,614,400 20,617.473 18,328,904 8,702,504 2.288.569 11-10 54-50 436 1,813 53 0-437 28 29. South Taranaki .. .. .. .. / 555* 692\ 2,109 13;438 12.437 15-70 1.974.617 .. 79,483 .. 8,880,433 10.934,533 9,307,090 8,564,480 1,627.443 14-88 59-20 428 2,328 51 0-539 29 \ 4854: 607 / 30. Springs-Ellesmere .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,826 .. 11.683 15-63 .. .. .. .. 7,539,627 7.539,627 .. 6,351,809 1,187,818 15-75 47-14 515 1.404 39 0-398 30 31. Taranaki . . .. .. 4,800* 5,400 .. .. 2.772 17,497 10; 17015-84 15,506,800 .. .. .. 226.310 15,733.110 12.437,093 7.457,433 3,296,017 20-95 64-80 533 2,652 47 0-567 31 32. 1'ararua .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 900 .. 9,586 9-39 .. .. .. .. 5,311,442 5,311.442 .. 4,880,900 430.542 8-11 67-40 602 2,534 30 0-467 32 33. Tauranga .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,031 .. .. .. .. .. 7.279.016 22 7,279.016 a2 .. 7.279.016 32 .. 22 .. .. 702 3,557 45 .. 33 34. TeAwamutu .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.545 .. 10,048 15-38 .. .. .. .. 9,471,224 9.471,224 .. 8,296.265 1.174,959 12-40 70-00 854 3,599 40 0-670 34 35. Teviot .. .. .. 750* 939 .. .. 480 .. 1,64329-21 2.007.950 .. .. .. •• 2,007.950 .. 1.826.853 181,097 9-02 47-75 956 4,113 47 1-081 35 36. Thames Valley .. .. .. .. .. 5.792 44.352 39,465 13-06 .. .. .. .. 38,053,619 38,053,619 33,745,692 30,806.136 4,307,927 11-32 75-00 764 3,428 40 0-588 36 37. Waimea .. .. .. 390* 482 110} 137 550 .. 8,439 6-52 1,638,629 .. 42,517 .. 242,930 1.924.076 .. 1,331,766 592,310 30-80 40-00 144 572 13 0-236 37 38. Wairarapa .. .. .. .. 837* 1,188 2.520 .. 26,715 9-43 (2,023,992) 15 .. .. .. 12.247,878 14.271,870 .. 12,822,949 1.448,921 10-15 64-70 654 2,275 46 0-447 38 39. Wairere .. .. .. 490* 700 .. .. 389 .. 2,597 14-98 1,833.462 .. .. .. .. 1,833.462 .. 1,473,462 360,000 19-63 53-80 590 3,411 29 0-900 39 40. Wairoa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.128 6,592 3,29017-121 .. ■■ 5,693,003 5,693,003 5,163,219 2,574,841 529.784 9-31 57-60 369 2,250 78 1-145 40 41. Waitaki .. .. .. .. .. / 120* 150 \ 2,415 .. 18.31413-171 111.736 .. 29,061 .. 11,461,800 11,602.597 .. 9.796.879 1,805,718 15-57 54-90 544 2,200 54 0-542 41 \ 192}: 240 / I 42. Waitemata .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.314 .. 56,666 9-38 .. .. .. .. 27,356,770 27,356.770 .. 24,229.406 3,127,364 11-43 58-80j 497 1,820 47 0-399 42 43. Waitomo.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.080 .. 7,573 14-26 .. .. .. .. 5.843.280 5.843.280 .. 5.045.856 797,424 13-65 61-80 531 3,152 44 0-675 43 44. Wanganui-Hangitikei .. .. .. 500f 625 48.450 46,656 .. .. .. .. .. 29.496.833 29.496.833 25,569,914 25.222,071 3,926.919 13-31 62• 08 j 482 2,150 60 0-476 2 ' 44 45. Westland 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ■■ .. 45 Totals, Power Boards .. 9,520 11,471 47,935 |51,445 .. I .. 910,735j .. 46,808,862 384,230 682,422 .. 650,263,984 698,139,498 16 .. 556,993,824 92,751,051 13-28" .. 634 |2,660 54 .. (For notes see page 138.)

D.—l.

Table X.—Results of Generation and Distribution for Year ended 31st March, 1938—continued.

137

Note. —In the columns detailing the capacity of generating plant the following symbols are used to denote the type of prime mover : * Water ; f Steam ; + Oil; § Gas. : ~ ~ ~ g Units sold (Average), p h Capacity of Generating Connected £ Units. H2 S_£ plant - Load - I : : 3m .:§aS Co5 111 — Maxi - i * T i ~ sold & £ -3! ! «§ ilSi? § s§ no Supply Authority. mum Incllld J -g Generated. Total ! ! g.s g« 1 g® 2 . §a ££3 Load. Exclud- c generated Including *on- .£ £2: ! £-3 o&£ g 2 fe Main Plant. Standby Plant. T>.Jf k ing Bulk g Purchased. and Bulk Retail to productive, jotzj-c a Supply. Su PP'y- p Water. Steam. Oil. Gas. purchased. Simply for Consumers. " S ® g, j £g :JS gg® 5° «i iiesaie. J ° TH EPv kw kvA kw kvA kw kw kw k Wh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh kWh kWh kWh % % km.. |Wh kWh. kW ( kgSSST" - - 17,400* 21,750 f 1.875f S3 %S3£«*M» 45,930 " SgftS ftSff SMS £8j8 iS-SS £3 8 *. 88 0-625" 2 SET-:: :: SSI :: — .i = ££«•«- OS MMmMiWi 6. Wellington 1 24.OOOt 30;000 29,328 .. 169.036 17-35 .. 3,155,333 .. .. 92,429,000 95,584,333 84,564,420 11,019,913 11-52 37-20 676 1,937 81 0-664-' 6 Totals, City Councils .. 18,150 ' 22,687 31,451 37,734 r T 48SM24 .. 62,658,380 6,655,073 48,053 .. 223,566,842 297,928,348 .. 245,543,470 36,779,976 12-35 18 .. 668 2,134 86 - 1 B1 ,,« B ° r °" 9f ' Counnl! >. 1 94713-71 .. .. .. 609,071 609,071 .. 531,487 77,584 12-74 26-05 261 971 79 l0-506 1 9 II ,nilt„n " " " 2 088 " 15 65713-34 " 8,266,270 8,266,270 .. 7.694.734 571.536 6-91 45-19 478 l,ol8 loO 0-412 2 2. Hamilton .. .. •• <*>088 .. 15,65713 34 .. .. .. 778 730 778 730 . 710.280 68,450 8-79 54-20 546 1.607 95 0-371 3 3. Inglewood .. .. .. .. .. .. 164 .. -,014 8 14 .. .. .. •- 457 080 457,080 .. 430,500 26,580 5-82 39-00 239 836 46 0-260 4 *• 1'022 8-48 " " " " 1 367:440 1,367 440 .. 1,095 401 272!o89 19-89 45-80 332 1,118 82 0-348 5 ■SS® 4001 500 1 945 " ll'l9815-94 " !! 605 .'i 10,895,400 10,896;005 .. 9.962.917 933.088 8-56 64-00 650 2,025 101 0-395 8 New Plymouth " 1! sisOO* 4)875 / 1,200* 1,5001 \\700 15-n 13,902,957 .. 58,115 .. 7,723,364 21,684,436 .. 19,385,476 2,298,960 10-60 52-67 923 2.710 166 0-636- 7 8. Ohakune } *«$ 120 { 150 .. 97715-35 78,810 .. 3,450 .. 448,100 530,360 .. 450,362 79.998 15-07 40-40 256 870 126 0-290 8 9. Patea .. } "P 110 \ 212 .. 1,00121-16 192,474 .. .. .. 742.610 935,084 .. 853,477 81,607 8-73 50-40 342 1,900 80 0-472 9 in o; 4. ior+ r- it* t» r- Li-i wti9.fw 20Q H40 209.840 .. 171,270 38,570 18-38 25-78 122 412 19 0-224 10 10. Picton .. .. .. 12o + D.G. 16 JJ.G. J3 .. 7/3 12 03 .. •• *' '* 000 „, n iqo <%q7 ftO-3 910 670 38 0-290 11 11. Queenstown .. .. 60* 75 128J 160 82 .. 52915-50 140,519 .. 81,821 .. .. i lin 7ss fifil'SS 58'46? 500 49-45 247 1 520 106 0-344 12 19 TjQo+ihi 9SQ* qr* 190 970 9 1 fi98 10-3fi 1 169 250 .. .. 1.169,250 1.110,788 662,688 Do,46Z o UU 4J io ---4/ i,oau iuo u o't-t H'StL 289 350 96 120 226 ' 2 495 9 05 949,500 '949; 500 .. 827,300 122,200 12-87 48-00 370 1,110 90 0-303 13 uitSton :: :: :: :: :: :: 111 I'Mhitl :: :: :: 3,582,710 3,532:710 .. 3,243,652 339,05s «- 3 2 012 2,00s m 0-547 u Twt " 2 * D ' C ' 'inn* 9KA i 'n„ 9 " 7'71S1«:«8 2V.fi' 171 " " " 4 44i'l33 4,667', 504 3,428',173 1,239:331 26-55 53 : 20 3oi 1,326 5i 0-388 16 Tourist Dept.) 200* 250 1,002 .. 7,71812 98 226,371 .. .. .. 4,441,WJ 3 4 300 . 2 672 182 520.118 16-30 49-30 712 2,174 101 0-601 17 '■ ■■ 'M - i'lm?l-4? ■; :: :: :: 1732775 1732775 .. 1:535:216 197,559 n-« 54-90438 1,334 97 0-324 is 19: Taihape !! :: 'i50* D.C. "75§ D.C. 246 :: 1:42417-28 628, 610 .. .. 820 95,414 •• 4 39?' 066 5>78'578 16-24 43-50 257 l'»84 0-382 20 20. Taumarunui .. .. 425* 500 .. .. 450 2,754 2,62316-34 1,715,131 .. .. .. 1,715,131 1,436,553 1.394,0 6 16 24 43 50 257 1,284 58 0 21. Tauranga .. .. 3,680* 4.300 .. .. 2.810 12,944 3,500 21-7016,853,341 .. .. .. „"■££ 12,337,427 4,236, 66 ( 4,533,342 26 8 / 68 601,197 3,200 20J .. 133* 166 279 .. f-JglO-Og 37,894 .. .. .. 1,369,526 1,407,420 .. 1,281,922 l_o,498 8 92 57 59 541 1,684 74 24! Thames !! ! !! !! *• / 120* i50\ 350 !. 2*120 .16*50 54,000 .. 127,808 .. 1,570,030 1,751,838 .. 1,486,974 264,864 15-12 57-10 348 1,216 71 0-286 24 "5 Timaru 1 f 2 246 20 .. .. •• •• 9,626.400 9,626.400 .. 7,941,770 1,684,630 17-50 48-92 454 1,619 84 0-457 25 96 " " " " " " " 58=> " 3 30217-63 2,588,378 2,588,378 .. 2,400,185 188,193 7-28 50-7o 9o3 3,118 201 0-7o6 26 97* Wnifarfl " 167 " 1 14014-65 657 490 657,490 .. 63,226 9-6'2 44-95 299 1,043 72 0-293 27 2s: westport :: :: '200* '250 "aio§ 265 364 :: 2:73113-33 859,260 .. .. 185,259 1,044, 519 .. ®<jo,8i6 liMys. ii'is S|'gt ™ °Po 62 o-Sli 29 9a Whoi-otonu qnn* --{90 9 i• 1 1 1 170 182,321 1.644.491 .. 1.424.182 220,309 13-40 08-60 ti 0 £,O£\J vz u ODD la whangarei " " . . :: " l,olo s',416 170 :: :: " 3,181,659 3X53, 211 437,151 12-07 40-11 386 1,299 39 0-438 30 Totals, Borough Councils 8,940 10,548 3,423 4,166 .. .. 147,575 .. 37,320,787 .. 481,639 186,079 65,693,849 103,682,354 .. 79,987,929 14,974,630 14-45 1# | .. | 522 ! 1,797 104 (For notes see page 138.)

D.—l

Table X.—Results of Generation and Distribution for Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

138

Note. In the columns detailing the capacity of generating plant the following symbols are used to denote the type of prime mover: * Water; f Steam ; | Oil; § Gas. Capacity ol Generating Connected g Units. -a Units sold ( Avera 8 e )- g g Plant. Load. - g . — g— — g 1 Maxl- : ; £ : ; , ® Jf 3 g -8.2" s § s v Supply Authority. mum IncIud . j -a Generated. Total s,-% § M . §.£ j-h g-3 &§g 10 * in<* • c i U( k S p„ r .v. oao j generated Including Non- 3 p,i Main Plant. Standby Plant. Bu f k mg Bulk g -■ , - , Purchased. and Bulk Retail to productive. 5> g, B 1 S-g £ & & Supply. bupply * q Water. Steam. Oil. 1 Gas. purchased. Supply for Consumers. 17 g g ££ 3 I M _ Resale. fa i Other Locm, authorities ctd. kw . kw . kw . % k \vh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. kWh. % % kWh. kWh. kWh. kW. 1 Ksn.nl ■■ 128, 448 2 1 128, 488 21 .. 128.448 2 ' .. « 1 2 Ka or,™ " " " "96* "l20 " " '227 " "94723-95 631.930 .. .. .. 349,340 981,270 .. 781,090 200,180 20-40 49-35558 1,915 47 0-557 2 3 MaSeka " " " S3 .. 370 8-92 .. .. -- -- 252,429 252,429 .. 203,391 49,038 19-42 87-35467 1,602 70 0-260 3 4 Manunui " " " " " " 23 131 17-56 .. -- -- -- 42,487 42,487 .. 37.263 5,224 12-30 21-08 48 209 11 0-129 4 Totals, Town Boards .. 7 r 7 ~ 631,930 7 I ~ 772,704 1,404,634 7 254,442 18-12" .. 441 1,625 51 — ■ ~ " — 1 " — — ~ — 1 CoUmils - 053 6 79412-55 : .. .. 2.992.297 2,992.297 .. 2.608,260 384,037 12-S3 40-05434 1.904 104 0-622 1 2 Kalkouia 48i "60 "37? 47 50 " ' 17029-42 -- 83.100 .. 83.100 .. 59,470 23,630 28-45 18-97 59 331 14 0-278 2 3 SEn " " 80* 100 58 .. 43213-42 220.980 ! .. .. .. .. 220,980 .. 169,985 50,995 23-08 43-50315 876 18 0-299 3 ± TTnwa " " snt Tin " 20 7725-97 .. .. 28,100 .. .. 28.100 .. 19.850 8,250 29-36 16-04 50 189 8 0-190 4 5 Wairnairi" " " .. !! " 1-757 18,021 9-75 .. .. 7,889,631 7,889.631 7.100,66S 7,095,864 788,963 10-00 51-30489 1,893 104 0-439 5 Totals, County Councils 158 160 37 47 " ~ 25,494 ~~ 220,980 "" .. 111,200 10,881,928 11,214,108 .. 0-953,429 1,255,875 11-20" .. 443 1,778 91 Totals, other Local 27.344 33,515 34,911 41,947 7T~ ~ 657,941 .. 100,832,077 6,655,073 640,892 186,079 305,915,323 414,229,444 .. 336,635,020 53,624,923 12-85" .. 616 2,030 Authorities 1 41derton C Utmtv Co 88* 110 .. 90 . . 325 27-70 300,051 .. .. .. .. 300,051 .. 244,907 55,144 18-37 38-05 395 2,915 72 1-072 1 LfflsKlM. :: 1,500* 1,806 150$ 167 1,098 .. 2,61242-04 5,362,500 .. 1,125 .. .. 5,363,625 .. 4,486,578 877,047 16-35 55-76 366 2 » 1,229 - 180 2 3 Kohukohu (L Kevs) 9 33t D.C. 91 D.C. 13 .. lo 86-70 .. .. 1/,462 .. .. 1/,462 .. 11,2/0 6,192 3o-45 15*33 08 188 15 0 21/ 3 !: SeXn Electric Light and 98* VXi. 80$ D.C. 140 .. 21764-53 197,245 .. .. .. .. 197,245 .. 147.184 50,061 25-38 16-08 98 424 48 0-404 4 5 191 D.C. .. 14 . . 8316-87 .. .. 18,695 .. .. 18,695 .. 18,335 360 .. 15-25 61 328 80 0-250 5 6. Portland Ce- 2,000* 2,500 3,190f 3,750 2,140 14,867 6,451 14-3910,816,300 .. .. .. .. 10,816,300 9.410,699 5,791,889 1,405,601 13-00 57-70295 2 * 810" 418 .. 6 7 We™land L power Ltd 876* 1 008/ 625t 625 \ 1.120 2,623 2.12-342-70 3,938,341 258,900 20,300 .. .. 4,217,541 I 3,574,403 2,829,713 643.138 15-25 43-00270" .. 107 .. , 7 \ 200$ 250 / Totals, Companies .. 4,614 5,424 4,254 4,792 ~ " 11,826' .. 20,614,437 258,900 57,582 .. .. 20,930,919 .. 13,529,876 3,037,543 14-50" .. 282 1,790 203 .. j Totals, all Supply 279,910 330,682 99,338 113,208 T " 1,676,689 .. 1,237,382,468 10,038,915 2,160,993 186,079 956,181,121 .. .. 978,233,920 272,076,610 21-78 2 " .. 592 2,263 45 a ' Authorities ~~ v NOTES TO TABLE X. ___ TABLE A.—Summary OF Totals relevant to Iable a. Based on Total Units Based on Total Units Sold to Ultimate r if i Sold to Ultimate Consumers less XT nits supplied for Large Population invented in Consumers (978,233,920). Industrial and Traction Loads (879,766,130 net). Units included in Number Transmission Units sold per head of population ...... 659 592 Supply Authority. generated. Area of Cons ™ m ers. Dist^ tlon Units sold per consumer 2,518 2,263 Systems. Notes. — 1 Arnold River Generating-station, formerly owned by Grey Power Board, taken over by Public Works Department on 1st February, , , ! 1938. 2 Formerly the Southland Electric -power Board. Taken over by Public Works Department on 13th October, 1936. 3 Bay of Islands Electric-power District constituted 3rd March, 1937, but Board not yet functioning as a supply authority. 1 Not actively kWh. No. _ No. £ functioning. 5 Commenced supplying power on 19th December, 1936. 6 License delegated to Westland Power, Ltd. 7 No Public Works Department .. .. .. 1,072,647,901 48,875 11,398 6,234,938 returns received. 8 Taken over by North Auckland Power Board on 1st October, 1937. Returns for first half of year only. 9 Commenced supplying power in March, 1933. Not shown in returns for intervening years. 10 Christchurch Tramway Board's standby Electric-power Boards .. .. .. .. 47,875,514 878.726 209,483 11,292,961 steam-station available for general supply when required. 11 Includes the following units generated for the Public Works Department: By Wairarapa Power Board, 2,023,992; by Opunake Power Board, 949,350. 12 Generated for the Public Works Department by Other Local Authorities — _ Auckland Power Board's Steam-station. 13 Includes the following units generated for the Public Works Department : By Hawke's City Councils .. .. .. .. 69,361,506 367,714 115,057 3,023,525 Bay Power Board, 9,768; by Opunake Power Board. 7,949. 14 Includes 212,187 units generated by Blackwater Mines, Ltd., and Borough Councils .. .. .. .. 37,988,505 153,283 44,506 851,255 supplied to Grey Power Board. 15 Included in Public Works Department totals above (see notes 11 and 13), but not in totals for Power Town Boards .. .. .. .. 631,930 2,611 713 22,665 Board group. 1 6 Does not include units generated for Public Works Department (shown in brackets). 1 7 Includes units lost in transCounty Councils .. .. .. ..- 332,180 22,460 5,598 109,513 mission and distribution, units used free of charge, units supplied to station auxiliaries, <fcc. 18 Total units sold, bulk plus retail, divided by capital expenditure on transmission and distribution system, including pro rata allocation of miscellaneous capital expenditure. Totals for other Local Authorities .. 108,314,121 546,068 165,874 4,006,958 19 Percentage of total units generated and purchased. 20 Percentage of total units generated (1,249,768,455). 2 1 Kamo Town Board paid on units measured on consumers' meters; losses included in Whangarei Borough Council's return. 2 2 Tauranga Companies .. .. .. .. •• 20,930,919 11,570 1,825 88,287 Power Board pays on units measured at consumers' meters; losses included in Tauranga Borough Council's return. 23 Excludes units supplied for gold-dredging (3,498,120). 2 4 Excludes units supplied to Whangarei (3,618,810) and to cement-works (5,644,432) Totals for all Supply Authorities .. 1,249,768,455 1,485,239 388,580 21,623,144 25 Excludes units supplied for gold-mining (1,120,000). 26 Total units sold to ultimate consumers (978,233,920), divided by total capital invested in transmission and distribution systems (£21,623,144). 2 7 Excludes maximum demand of tramway systems.

D.—l,

Table XI.—Financial Results of Operation for the Year ended 31st March, 1938.

139

(For Appropriations and Reserves see Table XII.) • ' ! " : i *3 a> Revenue. Working Expenses. Capital Charges. Net Results. -g'es <g $ S--Capital —- — — — — : ~ ; i i Total 3 o § Supply Authority. Btagto? T1 Sv Sale of Electricity. J Cost of Power. Manage- . other supply y - ggf.s Total. i ~~ S35g Total. of Interest. t?on° la " 0a P ital 1 Total - of ' Proflt - Loss - atfS S y stem - -p.., Bulk for §2 8 oSi5 Genera- ! -p h „ 113® r *"1, Reve- Fand " tl0n ' Charges.; Capital Retal1 ' Resale. §.S rt tedll Purchased, o || 3 General. nue : Outlay. US 3 P4 0Q H | I Public Works Department £ £ £ £ ££ £ £ £ £ £ £ % £ £ £ £ £ % j £ £ £ £ 1. Arapuni-Mangahao-Waikaremoana 9,216,414 8,373,856 44,108 924,622 .. 9,762 978,492 59,328 .. 62,716 55,500 177,544 18-14 349,816 .. 50,725 *«,286 4-78; 617,830 360,662 .. .. 1 2. Coleridge-Waitaki- Arnold River 4,798,907 4,093,476 48,202 283,909 288 3,986 336,385 24,122 .. 23.163 20,058 67,343 20-00 160,483 .. 82,880 ! 971» 2 5-10 311,682 24, ,03 2 3. Southland Electric-power Supply 1 1,520,708 1,579,770 122,186 25,316 446 7,218 155, 166 16 11,198 .. 14,152 34,022 59,372 1 « 38-28 59,629 .. 29,490 392" 89,511 5-89 | 148,883 6,283 1 3 Totals, P.W.D. .. .. 15,536,029 14,047,102 214,496 1,233,847 734 20,966 1,470,043 94,648 .. 100,031 109,580 304,259 20-70 569,928 .. 163,100 j 41,108 774,136 4-98 1,078,395 j391,648" 1 Ashburton C " I0WEK B0AEIIS ' .. 345,766 358,900 52,479 .. 242 736 53,457 241 15,276 5,848 3,907 25,272 47-30 15,415 1,812 1,917 5,300}) 24,444 7-07 *9,716 3,741 .. .. 1 2 Auckland . .. .. 3,524,578 2,411,700 703,047 .. .. 6.974 710.021 3,796 10 265,055 97.842 56,828 423,521 59-60 117, 063 10 62,973 ll > 32,884 10 49,639e 262,559 7-45 686.080 23,941 .. •• 2 3. Banks Peninsula .. .. 104,014 97,800 13,321 .. 167 329 13,817 79 4,585 3,172 2,242 10,078 72-94 3,942 2,265 .. .. 6,207 5-97 16,z85 .. 2,468 2,449 3 4 Bav of Islands •• • • •• •• • • • • • • • ■ * * * ■ * * ** * * * * ■ ■ * * 5. Bay of Plenty !! " 199,700 44,237 297 1,537 635 46,706 .. 14,356 6,661 4.124 25,141 53-83 8,682 3,195 390 .. 12,267 5-95 37,408 9,298 7'. Cambridge 21,Wo io3 207 !! 8.044 3,006 2,630 13,680 63-60 4,i75 2,066 .. .. ,6,241 5-77 18,921 1,584 8. Central Hawke's Bay .. .. 174,773 147,987 24,738 .. 51 315 25,104 .. 8,356 2,621 2,934 13,911 55-40 6,175 122 920 3,443j) 10,660 6-10 24,571 533 .. .. 8 9. Central Waikato .. .. 419,153 396,646 75,992 56 452 774 77,274 .. 29,796 10,204 5,947 45,94, 59-50 16,6o3 6,439 634 ?6,297 6-28 '2.244 5,030 .. -• 9 10. Dannevirke .. .. .. 226,893 227,370 33,010 .. 242 277 33,529 .. 8,241 5,388 3,567 17,196 51-30 9,418 3,586 343 396 p 13, ,43 6-06 2,590 .. -- 10 11 Franklin .. .. 338,431 340 i 373 61,833 .. 2,705 2,122 66,660 .. 25,470 7,951 6,507 39,928 59-90 14,132 5,367 .. 527}) 20,026 5-92 59,954 6,706 .. .. 11 12. Golden Bay 29,994 26,074 5,025 .. 131 3 5,159 288 313 571 1,091 2,263 43-90 1,098 286 36-3 26j> 1,7,3 5-92 4,036 1,1*3 .. -- 12 13. Grey " .. .. .. 169 895 207,785 51,464 .. 473 30 51,967 3,424 8,601 4,671 6,829 23,525 45-30 14,097 5,836 .. 2,700 p 22,633 13-33 f6,158 5,809 .. .. 13 14. Hawke's Bay .. .. 439,420 350,809 80,520 18,274 .. 464 99,258 54 44,058 7,859 10,923 62,894 63-36 18,745 2,000 127 ?o'o?? 15. Horowlienua .. .. 251,244 212,016 50.668 .. 561 956 52,185 .. 24,682 8,314 4,471 37,467 71-80 8,686 163 .. f,006}> 13,?55 ifi'SSI iaf?? " " Ifi 16. Hutt Valley .. .. .. 376,937 350,007 126,442 .. 881 1,319 128,642 .. 57,204 13,726 13,191 84,121 65-40 16,604 1,300 4,092 4,1,9 p 26,175 6-95 110,296 18,346 18' MWvern akatiP . U !" " 147 253 .. 2,189 1,873 1,735 5,797 67-20 3,il2 920 .. .. oS'nfn roe. * 1 ' 9 |t 13 19. Manawatu-Oroua .. .. 489,357 504,485 73,782 27,295 385 234 101,696 .. 46,455 11,987 5,877 64,319 63-20 21,100 ,,452 2,325 864}) 31,741 6-49 96,060 5,636 .. 25 19 20. Marlborough .. .. 350,274 349,090 32,666 .. .. 598 33,264 5,376 .. 3,792 3,055 12,223 36-75 14,644 4,246 .. .. 5'f9 ?Hq7 I'Ia] " 01 21. North Auckland .. .. 135,885 204,868 14,827 .. 2,772 482 18,081 .. 4,969 508 2,340 7,817 43-25 2,339 5,081 .. 7,420 5-46 15,237 2,844 .. .. 21 22. North Canterbury .. .. 195,899 180,650 29,883 3,564 230 885 34,562 .. 12,957 5,429 3,484 21,870 63-30 6,947 3,870 63 .. S'SSS " " it 23. Opunake .. .. .. 110,659 81,040 14,188 .. 73 14 14,275 891 1,524 1,936 1,681 6,032 42-25 3,638 2,107 170 .. 5,915 5-34 11,947 2,328 .. .. 23 24. Otago Central .. .. 128,787 86,801 18,226 .. 124 103 18,453 591 .. 3,736 5,132 9,459 51-25 3,916 520 280 ?,191j) 6,907 5-36 16,366 2,08, .. .. 24 25 Otago . .. .. 313,039 294,565 47,277 .. 113 .. 47,390 .. 13,324 6,520 3,123 22,967 48-48 12,802 3,866 5,0d1 4,360 p 26,0,9 8-33 1 ' 656 348 26. Poverty Bay .. .. 342,202 303,152 66,673 .. 41 1,504 68,218 2,478 17,944 13,457 7,311 41,190 60-38 12,879 11,021 1,795 .. 25,695 7-51 66,885 1,333 .. .. -b is". SouthCanterbury '. !! 20;913 446 2,085 69303 !! 35!ll2 45>91 64-59 12,833 6,226 3,631 .. ff'S?? tl'lll I'Sol " " 9q 29. South Taranaki .. .. 229,046 223,966 44,717 1,622 63 443 46,845 2,546 10,962 4,898 6,492 24,898 53-10 8,889 1,837 1,960 1,168}) 13,854 6-05 38,752 8,093 .. .. £■> 30. Springs-Ellesmere .. .. 164,806 143,900 31,613 .. 88 227 31,928 .. 14,946 6,072 2,877 22,995 72-02 6,114 2,991 .. .. 9,105 o-o2 32,100 .. 172 .. 30 31. Taraifaki 502,916 458,727 42,382 10,475 .. 495 53,352 2,568 1,992 7,722 6,250 18,532 34-75 19,335 .. .. 7,891 p 27,226 5-41 45,,58 7,594 .. 25 31 32. Tararua .. .. .. 186,547 173,000 27,010 .. 933 259 28,202 .. 8,305 4,496 2,835 15,636 55-4o 7,268 2,064 432 }>600j) 11,364 6-09 27,000 1,202 .. .. 32 33. Tauranga .. .. .. 163,771 166,042 32,122 .. 169 940 33,231 .. 10,147 5,546 3,286 18,979 57-10 6,362 60 800 J'® 22 -" ll'fff " " II 34 TeAwamutu.. .. .. 210,134 170,036 35,394 .. 18 394 35,806 .. 12,817 5,150 2,968 20,935 58-47 7,047 4? 190 3,266 p 5-02 3 J.«0 4,326 .. -- 34 35. Teviot .. .. .. 58;204 54.100 5,512 .. .. 139 5,651 400 .. 664 1,234 2,298 40-66 2,289 .. | 306 85op J>££0 5-93 5,748 9, .. 3o 36 Thames Vallev .. .. 842,685 799,807 132,623 5,741 .. 1,235 139,599 .. 48.219 21,198 10,125 79,542 57-00 31,809 6,09a 10,690 p *8,598 5-77 12 8,140 11,459 .. .. 3b 37! Waimea .. .. .. 132,088 131,671 18,069 .. .. 457 18.526 1,574 1,023 1,267 4,192 8,056 43-50 4,713 .. .. J'fSS I'M K'Si i'?i 2 f! 88. Wairarapa .. .. .. 363,544 355,617 61,738 .. 1,734 823 64,295 728 15,132 9,599 5,431 30,890 48-04 14,439 5,652 3,628 90? 23,809 6-55 54,699 9,596 .. 38 39] Wairere 63,042 . 61U47 5,777 174 235 6,186 241 .. 467 1,556 2,264 36-60 2,444 763 .. 353}) 3,560 5-65 5,824 362 .. .. 39 40 Wairoa .. .. .. 65,982 65,272 12,170 5,895 .. 179 18,244 .. 9,628 1,724 1,496 12,848 70-45 2,897 600 .. 872j) ,£>369 6-62 J^, 2 " 1,027 .. 1,186 40 41 Waitaki .. .. .. 201,777 200,243 41,542 .. 1,405 510 43,457 1,206 16,392 6,241 2,605 26,444 60-80 8,049 3,279 1,139 hW!p 13,024 6-46 39,468 3,989 .. .. 41 42 Waitemata .. .. 540,389 513,204 108,152 .. 1,164 1.340 110.656 .. 41,738 18,614 10,589 70,941 64-12 20,028 2,658 868 7S i' 2 I ®' 7 £ 43 Waitomo . .. .. 113,540 118,226 22,985 .. 911 90 23,986 .. 8,803 3,131 2,041 13,975 58-30 4,879 1,400 292 719j> 7,290 6-42 21,265 2,721 .. .. 43 44. Wanganui-Rangitikei .. .. 558,891 505,093 118,944 747 .. 1,655 12i;346 913 43,475 10,412 9,008 63,808 52-58 22,322 2,090 11,768 10,187}) 46,36, 8-30 110,175 11,1,1 .. -- ** 45. Westland 4 .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * * * • * * H LI L Totals, Power Boards .. 13,607,497 11,947,617 2,436,822 94,879 18,535 30,720 2,580,956 27,394 891,190 340,852 235,314 1,494,750 57-90 517,979 167,173 81,449 140,353 906,954 j 6-66 2,401,704 184,854 5,602 6,088 (For notes see page 141.)

Table XI.—Financial Results of Operation for the Year ended 31st March, 1938—continued.

D.—l.

140

(For Appropriations and Reserves see Table XII.) • 'O ® Revenue. Working Expenses. Capital Charges. Net Kesuits. ; — , M Capital ~ i j | I Total -S § 0 , , .. Loan Sale of Electricity. 1 m-b §» . Cost of Power. „■§;£ Manage- ,F er . ! rw Annual ° g'S No. Supplv Authority. Electric- Tinhiiitv i; a B ~ c |-g' . . Cent. Other ! Lent. p„ a t K supply Liability. •— .gg Tota l. " ~ SS2§ Total. of Interest. S i°^? g t?nn Ca P itaI ! Total 1 of : Proflt ' Loss ' System. ' R „, k fnr g«§ Ge 5 ,, , I IS 3 „ and , Reve- Iund ' tlon ' Charges. Capital g 1 ?" Betail. ,° r gH<i °g=- ted." Purchased, o § % g General. nue Outlay. S^s ! H a i i I | i Oihik Local Authorities. ££££ '££££ £ % £ £ I £ £ £!%££££ 1 ounc^ s ' qq± 277 998 256 041 12 746 4 245 8,034 281,066 ■ .. 135,286 j 53,535 28,562 217,383 77*33 11,682 2,555 j 29,018 l,072e 44,32/ j 5-17 261,/ 10 i 19,356 .. .. 1 2 Dunedin " " 1 709'274 1,267! 100 254!060 .. 2,379 269,763 ! 16,768 23,299 35,875 19,932 95,874 35-55 51,577 27,103 2,200 %,D0ye ??'£?£ " f i' " " " ' 1 '427 104 514 53 118 .. 4,549 57,667 2,846 22 487 i 4,104 5,076 34,513 59-83 4,526 .. i 1,413 2,36 Qp 8,30o j 5-4o 42,818 14,849 .. .. 3 " " " 132 046 55'400 3o'569 343 185 992 32,089 13,515 .. ! 2,388 3,420 19,323 60-25 3,324 1,108 i 3,133 812e 8,377 j 6-34 27,700 4,389 .. .. 4 PWl, " 2BB739 169 287 65 265 590 1 687 67 542 1 821 27,295 3 126 4>15 36,957 54-73 7,463 3,290 4,471 15.224 5-71 52,181 15,361 .. .. 5 <i) Wellington ". . " ))j 1,884)729 385)145 369)010 .. 518 5,758 375,286 30,844 123,770 49,430 51,807 255,851 68-20 20,547 4,888 j 24,102 4,961e i 54,498 3-94 310,349 64,937 6 Totals, City Councils .. 4,502,836 "2,259,444 1,028,063 26,413 5,538 23,399 1,083.413 65,794 332,137 148,458 113,512 659,901 60-90 99,119 38,944 J 64,337 12,720 j 215,120 J 4-78 875,021 208,392 .. j .. . — - 1 ■ " ' , Borough Councils. 423 g 2 829 845 | 865 4,039 78-20 316 225 88 .. 629 , 5-90 4,668 ! 496 .. .. 1 I' " " " 65 975 40 800 43'385 " .. 331 43,716 1 .. 15,212 9,185 1 2,083 26,480 60-56 1,780 2,340 .. .. 4,120 6-24 30,600 ! 13,116 2 2. Hamilton 65,J75 40,800 43,3S» .. i67 4 823' 1 619 1 123 410 3,152 65-36 444 340 50 lllp 945 10-40 4,097 726 .. .. 3 3. Inglewood 9,084 10,33o 4,3o6 .. 467 .. j »« •' 3g4 2;49g 73 . g0 279 14g 18g " 607j 5 . 29 3,100 277 .. .. 4 4. Kaiapoi .. .. .. 11,470 6,a5 3, 0 .. 7 564 I .. i 3,277 2,158 369' 5,799 76-70 169 181 106 .. 456 3-42 6,255! 1,309 5. Lyttelton 13,839 4,9Z/ /,4J_ .. " 50 918 1 25 18 273 4 621 8,304 31.223 61-35 5,696 1,683 1.760 .. 9,139! 6-96 40,362 10,556 .. .. 6 7* New Plymouth " 111' 074 247'609 74)447 )) 2,522 I 218 TO 187 6,149 1 2 )265 21',892 ! 4) 189 j 44,495 56-95 j 11,455 1,435 .. 5,767m, 18,647 5-16 63,142 15,045 .. a ni 11 821 4 OOli 122 4,128 555 540 855 411 I 2,361 57-20 518 .. .. 458e,}> 976 10-23 3,3oi ] /91 .. .. 8 8. Ohakune .. .. 9,539 11,821 4,00 .. , 1,093 3,910 67-80 535 156 .. 135p 826 4-25 4,736 1,033 .. .. 9 £ at f a IMS ll'ViS I'Stl " 7 3 639 1 746 . 978, 401 3 125 85-90 611 .. 400 222e 1,233: 7-48 4,358 .. 719 , .. 10 £">ton I "'J?® i' 1QQ " " 93 2 292 345 .. 354 267 966 42-14 476 237 126 .. 839 I 5-85 1,805 487 .. ! 32 11 - Q ue enst° wn i 14,33o 11,305 -,199 . .. , 93g 4?9 826 _ 1>738 , 7 . 3g 4 30g 7U , 12 If- g aet >»» ! 2 H5? f'ifn 041 9 5 838 2,220 1 090 1.293 41603 78-80 174 78 393 .. 645 7-04 5,248 590 .. .. 13 ": iS°ton :: :: | 24)000 5)260 il;foe :: 567 .. 14)273 .. 6)702 1)997 2,925, 8 i-4 0 229 i 56 8 62 | .. 747 i s-u 12,371 1,902 .. .. u 15. Boss 5 .. ai'onfi 9r'470 " " ire 26'648 '556 8'381 7)i64 ' 588 16)689 62'-65 3)985 1,594 1,594 1 !. 7,173 8-52 23,862 2,780 .. .. .16 16. Tourist Department) .. : 4k'o48 14'689 " 12 14'701 5 959 1,933 744 8,636 58-70 1,931 953 250 176p 3,310 10-14 11,946, 2,755 17 17. Stratford , 32,652 46,048 14,689 .. .. b'990 3 222 1 342 771' 5)335 89-00 299 101 248 i .. 648 4-08 5,983 13' .. .. 18 J®- | u 5? n !, r '• •• •• io'ISq 14'286 6 072 " 165 .! e'237 499 387 2,609 527 4,022 64-50 , 618 112 518 86j> 1,334 12-32 5,356 881 .. .. 19 19. laihape .. .. .. lO.aJS, 14,-86 127 12 840 J 06" i 1,611 1,535, 4,208 32-80 2,148 1,198 .. .. 3,346 4-97 7,554 5,286 .. .. 120 §?• ! I?n'll7 129'311 15'057 11 515 444 27)010 i 2)359! 36 3 623! 1 366: 7,384 27-33 5,547 j 2,154 1,000 13e 8,714 5-12 16,098 10,918 .. | .. 21 21- Tamanga , 170,217 129,311 Is,05/ 11,515 44* « ™ -, 0 . g87 lg 79 . 85 2g5 55 .. 130 470 2-61 7,388 1,276 .. ,22 2|TeAroha ! 1/.972 /,1<1 8,628 .. .. j>0 a,oo4 j 368 ' 40 0 326, 2,094 49-55 292 .. 250 151j> 693 5-24 2,787 , 1,439 .. , .. 23 J?. 0 *' 01 'oos 11 663 67 21 11 751 1,286 2,598 2,443 1,279 7,606 64-70 452 139 .. .. 591 1-86 8,197 3,554 .. .. 24 24. Thames ! 81,826 15,961 11,663 .. 67 /i ii.roi , 72 4 . 7g 39 221 6 284 .. : .. 2S If " •" n'ql! w'Im 9'715 "• " 121 9)836 5 895 745 851 7 481 76-15 630 389 63 .. 1,082 9-07 8,573; 1,263 .. .. 26 28. Wuroa 11,934 14,864 9,715 .. •• 4 811 1 817 460 840 3,117 64-80 518 .. 52 399}) 969 11-65 4.086' 725 .. 490 27 27- 8,317 11,700 4,74/ .. .. 64 4 »ii . i g2s ggl 2gl 2 399 6 . g7 g 7n 819 .. I .. 28 28. wetprt •• •- •• rl'iil 7 'o?o " 22 151 s 013 790 401 i,898 512 3,601 44-95 1,568 825 633 ; .. 3,026 8-34 6,627 1,386 .. 8 : 29 30! Whangaref !! )) )) 81) 146 27)718 2o)444 "701 j 664 953; 22)762: .. 7,743 3,487 2,909 j 14;i39 62-15 1,280 j 334 2,140 | 3,754 4-63 17,893 j 4,869 • ■ ■ | 30 Totals, Borough Councils .. 1,442,872 j 1,058,901 426,335 13,145 | 4,941 8,879 453,300 j 19,735 127,769 89,858 41,036 j 278,398 | 61-40 | 46,365 j 19,502 10,823 j 7,638 j 84,328 j 5-85 362,726 j 91,293 719; 530 — 1 — — j ~ | —; j j j p Town Boards. j 70 57 g26 47 , g0 g6 2 .. j 0 5p i 193 .. 1,019 j 710; .. 14 j 1 I- f"™ 0 16*673 14 708 5 752 " 1 56 12 5 820 1 375 1,076! 1,591 738 4.780 82-10 612 486 .. 1491,247 7-48 6,027 .. 207 1 70 I 2 2. Kaponga 16,6/3 14,708 5,7o2 .. 5b 1- S,8-U x,d/ ,u/D m i;u9 gg . 10 91 22 .. .. , n 3 1-95 1,262 42 .. 161 3 4) SSm a )) )) :: 3)166 3)500 l)017 :: .. 1)017 J .. 388 76 170 634 62-40 149 ; 100 .. .. 249| 7-8? 883 1 134 Totals, Town Boards .. 25,650 | 19,406 97(564 7 vT 134 j 9,870 1,375 2,523 J 2,254 1,237 | 7,389 74-90 938 | 610 | .. 254 | 1,802 .. ! 9.191 886 ! 207 | 245 | (For notes see page 141.)

141

D.—l.

Table XI.—Financial Results of Operation foe the Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

£ Net profit for year—Public Works Department .. .. 391, 648 14 Power Boards .. .. 179,252 Cities .. .. .. .. .. 208,392 Boroughs .. .. .. .. 90,574 Town Boards .. .. .. .. 679 Counties .. .. .. .. .. 1,671 (loss) Companies .. .. .. .. 9,720 £880,265 1,671 Less .. .. .. .. 1,671 Total net profit .. .. £878,594

(For Appropriations and Reserves see Table XII.) Revenue. . Working Expenses. Capital Charges. Net Results. g-f Capital | j — j ! _ Supply Authority. Sgg* I LiabTtv. | jfj JjU j Costof Power. Manage ,| Per_ . other »« iSSSSl 1 !|n 0 System, i Jig 3ga| Total. -S §5 § Total. of Interest. S Sjt™ g D t?on Cia " Capital Total. of Costs " Profit. Loss. fjg Retail. ||| j Charges. Capita. §«| ' ! r-H <1 County Councils. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £i£ £ i % £ £ £ £ £ °/£ £ £ £ 1. Heathcote .. .. .. JJ' 1 ?;! 20,121 11,249 .. .. 62 11,311 .. 7,258 2,733 805 10,796 95-40 1,058 869 7. .. 1,927 7-1i8 12,723 .. 1,412 .. 1 £ SSS5ES " " H>??? ?'?o? 159 •• 2 > 222 1,263 78 980 2 > 321 ■■ 354 •• ■■ 23S p 590 5 ' 08 2 . 0 i 1 689 so 1 2 3. Murchison .. .. i®* 494 1 ?'22 6 2 >° 81 •• 34 ■■ 2 > 615 129 444 343 916 35-00 823 .. .. .. 823 4-99 1,739 876 .. .. 3 £' w™ • • " " .J'S™ 1,211 .. .. 61 1,272 627 6 39 672 52-82 71 .. .. 483j) 554 8-83 1,226 46 .. .. 4 5. Wannairi .. .. .. 68,020 31,700 24,147 33 .. 74 24,254 .. 13,272 2,443 2,021 17,736 73-10 1,429 1,263 4,318 .. 7,010 10-30 24,746 .. 492 68 5 Totals, County Councils .. 127,514 73,262 41,251 33 193 197, 41,674 2,019 20,530 5,704 4,188 32,441 77-90 3,735 2,132 4,318 719 10,904 8-56 43,345 922 2,593 669 Totals, Other Local Authori- ■ 6,098,872 3,411,013 1,505,313 j 39,591 10,744 |32,609 1,588,257 88,923 482,959 246,274 159,973 978,129 61-60 150,157 61,188 79,478 21,331 312,154 5-12 1,290,283 ! 301,493 3,519 1,444 Companies. 1. Alderton Utility Co. .. .. 6,778 4,585 1,228 .. .. 1,228 52 .. 61 384 ■ 497 40-48 212 .. 316 .. 528 7-79 1,025 203 .. .. 1 ?' / C T & " 1 80 > 831 60,000 13,369 .. 90 239 13,698 2,793 .. 1,509 3,252 7,554 55-20 2,769 .. 1,224 .. 3,993 4-94 11,547 2,151 .. .. 2 a' ?,f l5 , T, 3,736 3,(36 564 .. .. .. 564 388 .. 31 101 520 92-20 .. .. •• .. •• .. 520 44 ..3 4. Reefton Electric Light and Power 7,003 6,000 3,680 .. 190 8 3,878 1,085 .. 313 1,370 2,768 71-40 .. ..I .. .. .. 2 768 1 110 .. .. 4 Co., X/td. 5. Rawene Motors, Ltd. .. I 1,091 400 576 .. 132 27 735 464 .. 108 65 637 86-70 41 92 133 12*19 770 35 5 6. Witeon's (N.Z.) Portland Cement, 91,121 16,233 7,021 7,743 .. 393 15,157 3,737 .. 1,331 844 5,912 39-01 .. !! 900 ! !! 900 1-00 6,812 8*345 .. !! 6 7. WestJand Power, Ltd. .. j 94,384 7,769 3,583 524 5 11,881 4,786 .. 412 3,487 8,685 73*10 3,182 .. 2,112 j .. 5,294 5*61 13,979 .. 2,098 .. 7 Totals, Companies .. 284,944 90,934 j 34,207 j 11,326 936 672 47,141 | 13,305 .. 3,765 i 9,503 26,573 56-40 6,204 .. 4,644 I .. 10,848 3.81 37,421 y. 11,853 2,133 Totals, all Supply Authori- 35,527,342 29,496,666 14,190,838 1,379,643 30,949 84,967 5,686,397 224,270 1,374,149 690,922 ! 514,370 2,803,711 49.30 1,244,268 228.361 328,671 I 202,792 2,004,092 5.64 4,807,803 889,848 11,254 7,532 ties 1 i ' [ ' i 1 Form . Southland Electric-power Board. Taken over by the Public Works Department on 13th October, 1936. 2 New electric-power district constituted 3rd March, 1937, but Board not yet functioning as a supply authority. 'Not actively 8 r , ? ense Relegated to \\estland Power, Ltd. 6 No returns received. 6 Taken over by North Auckland Power Board on 1st October, 1937. Returns for period 1st April to 30th September, 1937, not available. 7 Includes cost of street J 11 Cost of raising loans, &c. (£2,152); half capital charges on Auckland Power Board's steam-station paid by Public Works Department (£37,593). 9 Cost of raising loans, &c. 10 After deducting proportion of half capital charges on s steam-station paid by Public orks Department. 3 1 Actual running costs (fuel, if any, wages, stores, &c.), repairs and maintenance only. 12 General rate. 13 Arrears only. 14 Appropriated for reduction of arrears in sinking funds, includes £1-2 revenue from arrears of rates levied by the former Southland Electric-power Board. 16 Includes £73 commission paid to local authorities for collecting rates. (p) Principal repayment. (e) Exchange on overseas interest payments.

D.—l.

Table XII.—Appropriations and Reserves for Year ended 31st March, 1938.

142

(For Statistics of Capital, Revenue, and Expenditure see Table XI.) Appropriations of Net Surplus for Year ended 31st March, 1938 (after paying Working-expenses Accumulated Reserves and Funds and Statutory Capital Charges). J — j Credit Debit Supply Authority. General Accldent Unappro- Total Sinking Fund. Depreciation. Renewal. G %™Lrvi° theI Itvenue S'vTnue No " Fnnd Reserve Insurance (Local Dividends ture out ADnro- priated (Net Profit j : — ; Account. Account. Fund. Fund. Authori- (Com- of priations. Surplus. for Year). Reserve. Funds. Reserve. Funds. Reserve. I Funds. Reserve. Funds. ties). panies). j Revenue. PUBLIC WOKKS Depabtment. £££££££££ £ £ £ £££ £ £ £ 1. Arapum-;Uangahao-Waikaremoana .. .. .. .. .. 360,662s .. 360,662 210,868 154, 938 7 1,016,184 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2. Coleridge - Waitaki - Arnold River.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24,7039 .. 24,703 295,295 35,861 7 495,187 .. .. .. / m ,q \ •• 2 3. Southland Electric-power Supply .. .. ■■ 6,284k> .. 6,284 522 522 56,918 .. .. \ ' J - - •• 3 Totals, Public Works Depart- .. .. .. .. .. .. 391,649 .. 391,649 506,685 191,321 1,568,289 .. .. .. 82,399 merit Electric-power Boards. 1. Ash burton .. .. .. 511 .. .. .. .. .. 72 3,158 3,741 7,943 7,943 4,826 2,333 3,100 3,100 5,300 .. .. 5,092 1 1. Auckland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• 3,665 20,276 23,941 1,055,564 1,029,962 767,952 .. 24,541. .. 512,700 .. 54,732 .. 2 3. Banks Peninsula .. .. .. .. .. •• .. .. .. 3,003 3,903 4,159 4,159 .. .. 8,700 .. 5,844 .. 3 4. Bay of Islands 1 . . .. .. .. .. .. .. • • .. .. . ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ■ • • 4 5. Bay of Plenty .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,838 88 2,372 9,298 9,309 9,309 10,450 3,055 .. .. 35,967 .. .. 2,591 5 6. Buller 2 .. .. .. .. .. ■ • ■. ■. . - . ■ ■ • • ■ • • • • • • • ■ ■ - • • • • • • • • 6 7. Cambridge .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• 1,160 .. 424 1,584 6,414 6,414 1,067 1,067 .. .. 10,028 .. 4,538 .. 7 8. Central Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 237 296 533 1,404 1,404 22,797 18,047 .. .. 27,989 23 4,538 .. 8 9. Central Waikato .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 176 .. 4,854 5,030 24,558 24,558 34,220 33,585 6,908 6,783 42,957 .. 15,899 .. 9 10. Dannevirke .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 803 200 1,587 2,590 18,080 18,080 23,224 22,882 .. .. 12,346 .. 11,726 .. 10 11. Franklin .. .. .. .. .. 521 .. .. 6,185 .. .. 6,706 - 38,421 38,421 25,000 25,000 .. .. 17,513 9,928 4,344 .. 11 12. Golden Bay .. .. .. .. .. 466 600 57 1,123 1,434 1,434 2,653 1,364 .. .. 2,126 .. 2,292 .. 12 13. Grev .. .. .. •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 5,809 5,809 28,618 40,277 4,700 4,342 .. .. 21,024 .. .. 14,736 13 14. Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,374 .. .. 11,374 30,210 30,210 17,615 17,489 .. .. 53,102 .. .. 492 14 15. Horowhenua .. .. .. .. .. 200 .. .. 663 .. .. 863 1,507 1,507 32,379 32,379 .. .. 60,475 14,800 11,022 .. 15 16. Hutt Valley .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,704 .. 10,642 18,346 24,214 25,714 72,563 72,563 6,407 6,407 34,492 .. 25,379 .. 16 17. Lake Wakatipu 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• ■■ •• -. •• 17 18. Malvern .. .. .. .. .. .. • • . • ■ * - - .. .. 5,454 5,454 3,998 580 .. .. 2,800 .. - • 1,543 18 19. Manawatu-Oroua .. .. .. .. .. •• ■■ .. 5,636 5,636 46,219 55,159 41,567 32,115 .. .. 440 .. 9,387 19 20. Marlborough .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,151 2,151 29,269 36,269 25,863 14,906 .. .. 15,647 .. .. 2,911 20 21. North Auckland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,651 .. 1,193 2,844 .. .. 2,081 .. .. .. 1,651 .. 2,849 .. 21 22. North Canterbury .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 253 78 1,481 1,812 13,041 9,872 6,916 2,349 .. .. 17,821 .. 6,281 .. 22 23. Opunake .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 669 .. 1,659 2,328 3,060 3.060 2,717 2,547 .. .. 20,073 .. 9,231 .. 23 24. Otago Central .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,087 2,087 5,211 5,211 3,960 2,171 .. .. 15,199 .. .. 1,712 24 25. Otacro .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36,303 33.396 37,827 13,632 .. .. 10,200 .. 5,251 .. 25 26. Poverty Bay .. .. .. 734 .. .. .. .. .. 294 305 1,333 37,889 40,478 20,334 10,536 930 .. 52,113 .. 11,189 .. 26 27. Beefton 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • ■ .. ■ • ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • - • 27 28. South Canterbury .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,022 2,022 8,588 11,573 14,080 5,848 .. .. 55,654 .. 5,379 .. 28 29. South Taranaki .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,130 253 5,710 8,093 15,158 15,158 11,296 9,335 825 .. 25,477 4,937 9,591 .. 29 30. Springs-Ellesmere .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.920 7,920 8,812 8,812 .. .. 22,020 .. 7,127 .. 30 31. Taranaki .. .. .. ■■ .. 567 .. .. 7,027 .. .. 7,594 2,900 2,900 16,246 11,264 .. ., 53,623 567 2.644 .. 31 32. Tararua .. .. ■■ •• .. .. .. .. 1,202 1,202 13,738 28,513 14,775 14,775 584 .. 19,121 .. 5,082 .. 32 33. Tauranga .. .. .. ■■ 1,500 1,000 .. .. .. 27 181 2,708 1,195 1,195 13,840 12,860 .. .. 28,422 11,002 422 .. 33 34. TeAwamutu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 144 .. 4,182 4,326 1,258 1,258 5,628 5,628 .. .. 39,877 .. 10,761 .. 34 35. Teviot .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,512 7.597 4,038 3,553 .. .. 1,300 .. 4,119 .. 35 36. Thames Valley .. .. .. •• .. .. 11,459 .. 11,459 19,253 19,253 21,337 21,337 .. .. 58,715 .. 460 .. 36 37. Waimea .. .. .. •• .. .. .. .. 1,012 .. .. 1,012 .. .. 3,430 .. .. .. 9,026 .. .. 3,431 37 38. Wairarapa .. .. .. ■■ .. .. .. 2,000 .. 7,596 9,596! 20,951 23,614 42,070 38,443 .. .. 43,049 7,085 10,130 .. 38 (For notes see page 144.)

D.—l

Table XII.—Appropriations and Reserves for Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

143

(For Statistics of Capital, Revenue, and Expenditure see Table XI.) \ ■ . t Appropriations of Net Surplus for Year ended 31st March, 1938 (after paying Working-expenses Accumulated Reserves and Funds. and Statutory Capital Charges). Credit Debit „ „ . . t, - , ~ ., , I I ... t> i General and Other Balance, Balance, -m--c> t , , T Relief of Payment Capital Minppl- i Sinking Fund. Depreciation. Renewal. 8 Revenue Revenue Supply Authority. „ . General Accident Rates of Expendi- 1 Unappro- Total g * I Reserves. Account -p Reserve Insurance (Local Dividends ture out a t>tyto- priated (Net Profit i no- Fund. Fund. Authori- (Com- of nriations Surplus. for Year). Reserve. Funds. Reserve. Funds. Reserve. Funds. Reserve. Funds. ties). panies). Revenue. F j | I ; 39™; POWER B0ARDS - C0M "- £ £ , £ , £ , £ £ 55 * £ 307 *362 i?988 i?988 f. * M70 39 40' Wairoa ' 1.027 1,027 2,278 2,278 3,784 2,772 .. .. 4,210 .. .. 3,682 40 41 Waitaki .. .. -■ •• 3,343 646 3,989 37,198 22,237 22,898 22,898 .. .. 14,204 5,7oo 11,156 .. 41 42 Waitemata !' " !! 3,000 5,443 .. 8,443 18,912 19,112 27,606 26,738 10,000 .. 97,409 10,00o 807 .. 42 wZr 2,721 2,721 11,687 11,687 3,500 3,500 .. .. 1,274 .. 3,o72 .. 43 44. Wanganui-Rangitikei !! !! !! !! " !! " 1,370. 2,301 11,171 17,898 17,898 46,680 36,684 2,321 .. 92,150 5,227 13,452 44 45. Westland 3 .. .. .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • * * * * "" ___[J [J [J ' Totals, Power Boards .. 1,245 2,288 ~ T 53,310 27,129 91,882 184,854 1,615,118 1,623,595 1,430,876 543,536 55,616 16,290 1,548,847 69,329 270,274 36,190 Other Local Authorities. 1 Christchureh' (^omlclls ' _ 7 622 1x 734 19,356 143,021 143,021 526,476 .. 35,000 .. 340,918 .. Ji', 7 ,™ •• J 2. Dunedin !! !. .. 5,568 .. .. 18,384 .. 27,776 37,772 .. 89,500 232,003 232,003 265,590 158,080 158,080 186,909 .. 2 3 Invercarffill 2 000 .. 10,000 .. 2,340 .. 509 14,849 14,658 14,6o8 5,466 o,466 .. .. 52,611 4,000 2,460 .. 6 4 Nelson " !! " " 1,000 " I §88 .. 501 7,493 7,493 13,972 13,369 14,816 .. 14,600 .. 48,3o2 .. 4 5 Palmerston North . .. .. 5,500 .. 6,068 1,115 2,678 15,361 19,926 19,926 45,487 42,082 .. .. 102,349 •• J9.408 .. 5 6. Wellington .. .. .. .. .. 15,000 .. .. 35,767 14,170 64,937 96,128 96,128 83,375 .. 158,676 164,951 570,383 88,106 o07,414 Totals, City Councils .. 5,568 7! 49,884 7 82,276 29,592 208,392 513,229 513,229 940,366 60,917 366,572 323,031 1,080,861 92,106 776,277 1 Bluff BoroU9h CoUmiU - , 64 232 . 496 529 529 1,232 1,232 .. .. 1,432 .. .. 204 1 2. Hamilton '.! " " " .. .. 4,845 .. .. 8,271 .. 13,116 18,514 18,864 9,383 9,383 .. .. 42,342 16,817 5,998 .. 2 3. Inglewood 140 .. .. 586 726 5,692 5,692 121 121 . .. .. •• 495 3 4. Kaiapoi 277 277 241 241 2,548 1,019 1,291 .. 2,485 .. 2,438 .. 4 5. Lvttelton .. 315 .. 994 1,309 1,170 1,170 1,402 1,296 .. .. 2,888 .. 8./10 .. o 6 Nanier .. . .. 6,966 .. .. 1,056 2,534 10,556 18,862 19,710 29,979 28,219 .. .. 5,392 .. 8,0oo .. 6 7! New Plymouth" '. 6,025 .. 4,874 .. 4,146 15,045 24,089 24,089 19,308 19,308 .. .. 121,066 28,o02 40,337 .. 7 8. Ohakune 657 .. 134 .. .. 791 1,483 1,483 1,459 427 .. .. 4,281 8 9. Patea 93 .. .. 655 .. 226 .. 59 1,033 1,251 1,251 138 138 .. .. 7 361 9 10 Pieton • •• -• 2,305 2,305 1,962 1,562 .. .. 3,263 .. .. 19b 10 11: Queenstown " !. !! !. .. !. .. 487 .. .. 487 539 539 1,109 1,109 .. .. 1,100 .. 2,244 .. 11 12. Raetihi .. .. 160 194 357 711 38 38 1,366 1,041 .. .. 1,655 .. 2,160 .. 12 13. Rangiora .. ■■ 287 303 590 81 81 718 687 .. 16,428 .. .. •• * 14. Ricclrton 862 .. 1,040 1,902 1,566 1,566 4,224 3,862 .. .. 17,423 .. 6,137 .. 14 15 Ross .... .. .. •• .. .• •• • * • * ■> .. •• •• •• * * * * * t 16. Rotorua (Tourist Department) .. .. 2,786 .. .. .. .. •• 2,786 24,063 24,063 22,700 22,700 .. •• 14,438 11,652 .. • 17. Stratford .. .. 2,755 2,755 596 596 2,049 2,049 .. .. 4,251 .. .. 7,562 17 18. Sumner 13 13 1,166 1,166 2,657 2,410 .. .. 419 .. 8,645 .. 18 19. Taihape ■■ •• 881 881 4,210 4,210 5,720 5,203 .. .. .. •• 4,490 .. 19 20. Taumarunui .. .. 2,750 .. 1,623 .. 913 5,286 2,647 2,647 5,224 5,224 .. .. 18,033 .. 3,8o8 .. 20 21. Tauranga 2,000 75 2,500 .. 4,169 .. 2,174 10,918 10,676 10,676 7,909 6,183 .. .. 48,95 13,245 24,132 .. M 22. TeAroha .. .. !. .. !. .. 963 .. 313 1,276 463 463 2,539 2,539 .. .. 3,102 .. 14,086 .. 22 23. TePuke 75 .. .. .. .. 373 .. 991 1,439 .. .. 4,634 4,634 536 .. 7,0o7 .. 2,351 - 24. Thames .. j .. .. .. .. 1,033 2,521 3,554 1,025 1,342 1,623 1,623 .. .. 9,715 .. 10,022 .. 24 (For notes see page 144.)

D.—l

Table XII.—Appropriations and Reserves for Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

144

(For Statistics of Capital, Revenue, and Expenditure see Table XI.) Appropriations of Net Surplus (after paying Working-expenses Accumulated Reserves and Funds. -j : —— - —— ; Credit Debit c mJw Relief of Payment Capital M; Sinking Fund Depreciation TRptipwaI General and Other Balance, Balance, Supply Authority. General Accident: Kates of Bxpendi- a j Unappro- Total sinking * una. Deprecation. Renewal. Reserves.' Revenue Revenue *»• I'nnH Reserve Insurance; (Local Dividends, ture out , rjl | priated (Net Profit ; I j ----- — ■ - | — Account. Account.; Fund. Fund. Authori- : Revenue P r ' a ' i"ns. Surplus, i for Tear). Reserve. Funds. Reserve. j Funds. Reserve. | Funds. ' Reserve. Funds. Other Local Authorities —continued. Borough Councils —continued. £££££££££ £ £ £ £££ £ £ ££ 25. Timam .. .. .. 2,000 .. .. 1,000 .. 3,284 .. .. 6,284 15,156 15,156 .. .. 6,212 6,212 52,814 .. 13,916 .. 25 26. Wairoa .. .. .. .. .. 1,000 .. .. .. 263 1,263 1,542 1,542 1,132 1,132 .. .. 1,504 .. 2,073 .. 26 27 Waitara .. .. .. .. 725 .. .. .. .. .. 725 3,779 3,779 2,174 1,756 .. .. 1,009 .. 725 .. 27 28 Westport .. .. .. .. .. .. 380 .. 439 .. .. 819 6,342 6,342 3,622 3,622 .. .. 2,993 .. 7,284 .. 28 29. Whakatane .. 792 .. .. .. 594 1,386 1,024 1,310 153 153 .. .. 1,671 .. 866 .. 29 30. Whangarei .. .. •• ■■ 3,227 .. 1,642 .. .. 4,869 7,804 7,951 8,294 8,294 .. .. 917 .. 56,813 .. 30 Totals, Borough Councils .. 2,585 4,786 800 31,820 .. 20,104 10,360 20,838 91,293 156,853 158,801 145,379 136,926 8,039 6,212 393,834 70,216 225,340 8,457 Town Boards. 1. Kamo 5 .. .. .. .. .. • ■ ■ • •• ■ • • ■ ■ ■ ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ■ • • • • ■ • 1 2; Kaponga . . . . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . ■ ■ • .. 236 .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 153 2 3. Mangaweka .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• ■■ 42 42 .. 952 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,852 .. 3 4. Manunui .. .. .. ■ ■ .. . ■ ■ • • ■ • • •• 134 134 .. 52 .. .. .. .. .. .. 653 .. 4 Totals, Town Boards .. .. .. .. .. .. - • •• 176 176 .. 1,240 .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,505 153 County Councils. 1. Heathcote .. .. .. .. ■■ •• •• ■■ •• 9,773 9,773 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,366 .. 1 2. Kaikoura .. .. .. . • .. • ■ • ■ • ■ • ■ - ■ ■ • • • • ■ • • • • • • • ■ • ■ .. .. 581 2 3. Murchison .. .... .. .. .. .. 876 .. 876 .. .. .. 125 .. .. 4,381 .. .. 2,422 3 4. Uawa .. . .. .. .. .. •• •• 46 46 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,307 .. .. 92 4 5. Waimairi .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . - • ■ • - • - • • 5,108 5,123 19,907 . . . . .. 38,890 .. .. 639 5 Totals, County Councils .. .. .. .. .. •• 876 .. 46 922 14,881 14,896 19,907 125 .. .. 44,578 .. 5,366 3,734 Totals, other Local Authorities 8,153 6,786 800 81,704 .. 60,052 92,636 50,652 300,783 684,963 688,166 1,105,652 197,968 374,611 329,243 1,519,273 162,322 1,013,488 12,344 Companies. 1. Alderton Utility Co. .... .. .. .. .. .. • • 203 203 .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 462 1 2. Kanieri Electric Ltd. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 551 1,600 .. 2,151 .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,618 .. 6,944 .. 2 3. Kohukohu (L. Keys) .. .. .. .. .. .. • ■ • • ■ • 44 44 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 4. Reefton Electric Light and Power .. .. .. .. 1,100 .. .. 10 1,110 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,490 .. 4 Co., Ltd. 5. Rawene Motors Ltd. .. .. .. .. . • • • • ■ • • • • • • • ■ • • • • • • • ■ • ■ ■ ■ .. .. .. 2 5 6. Wilson's (N.Z.) Portland Cement, .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,345 .. 8,345 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Ltd. 7. Westland Power Ltd. .. .. .. .. .. .. ■ ■ • ■ • • • - • • • ■ • ■ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 Total, Companies .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,100 551 9,945 257 11,853 .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,618 .. 8,896 2 Totals, all Supply Authorities 9,398 15,786 3,088 81,704 1,100 113,913 521,359 142,791 889,139 2,806,766 2,503,082 4,104,817 741,504 430,227 345,533 3,158,137 231,651 1,292,658 48,536 Notes. — 'New electric-power district constituted 3rd March, 1937, but Board not yet actively functioning as a supply authority. * Not functioning. ' License delegated to Westland Power, Ltd. ' No returns received. 'Taken over by North Auckland electric-power Board and included in that Board s returns. ' Applied towards reduction of accumulated loss and arrears of Sinking Fund. ' Available for further redemption of Loans. ■ Includes General Reserves, Accident Fund Reserves, Loan Repayment Reserves, Capital Expenditure out o' Revenue Reserve, Load Development Reserve, &c. s Applied towards reduction of Sinking Fund arrears. 10 Applied towards reduction of accumulated loss.

D.—l

Table XIII.—Averages Derived from Tables IX, X, and XI, for Year ended 31st March, 1938.

JO—D, 1,

145

(For Summary of Relevant Totals from above-named Tables see Table XIIIb on page 147.) Capital Outlay. Revenue from Sale of Electricity. Working-costs. Capital Charges. Total Costs. Supply Authority. Consumers PerHead Pe r Per £1 1 ' Per Unit Per^ ead Per Per W - Per kW. Per kW. jperkW. No. consumers. of Per oJ (Overall (Exclud- sold P °L,_ ! Retail M Per XJnit of Per Unit of Per Unit! of Popula- Revenue, including ing Bulk (Domestic Consumer. <* sold. Maximum sold. Maximum sold Maximum tion. sumer " Bulk and Supply). tlon " Demand. Line. Demand. Demand. Demand. I ! Lw Supply) - TractioD) - (?) <*> <«> (»> 111 Public Works Depaktjiest. £ £ £ d. d. d. £ £ £ I £ d. £ d. £ ! d. £ 1. Arapuni-Mangahao-Waikaremoana .. .. 388 .. .. 9-54 0-323 0-305 .. .. .. 6-76, 754 0-059 1-24 0-147 3-07 0-206 4 -31 1 2. Coleridge - Waitaki - Arnold River 1 .. ..I 139 .. .. 14-43 0-387 .. .. .. ... 6-40 489 0-079 1-30 0-285 4-71 0-364 6-01 2 3. Southland Electric-power Supply 2 .. .. 10,886 31-12 140-0 10-30 1-502 1-878 2-730 2-66 11-23 19-62 59 0-605 7-89 0-912 11-90 j 1-517 19-79 3 Averages, Public Works Department .. .. .. .. 10-73 0-366(6) .. | .. .. .. 325 " | " " " Electric-power Boards. 1. Ash burton .. .. .. .. .. 4.425 18-13 78-20 6-60 1-579 1-579 1-608 2-80 11-86 24-65 55 0-760 11-86 0-737 11-48 1-497 1 23-34 1 2. Auckland .. .. .. .. .. 58.342 15-66 60-41 5-01 0-899 0-932 0-793 3-16 11-16 14-09 587 0-542 8-48 0-336 5-26 0-878 13-74 2 3. Banks Peninsula .. .. .. .. 1,071 27-54 97-12 7-81 1-579 1-579 1-613 3-66 12-44 22-69 63 1-195 17-17 0-736 10-57 1-931 27-74 3 4. Bav of Islands 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. i .. .. .. .. 4 5. Bay of Plenty .. .. .. .. 1,809 19-65 114-10 4-63 1-060 1-071 1-048 4-42 24-45 26-56 163 0-598 15-00 0-292 7-32 0-890 22-32 5 6. Buller 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 7. Cambridge .. .. .. .. .. 1.570 18-04 68-95 5-10 0-945 0-945 * 3-58 13-50 20-65 j 109 0-610 13-34 0-278 6-08 0-888 19-42 7 8. Central Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. 1.930 15-75 90-60 7-06 1-210 1-210 1-020 2-26 12-82 24-80 96 ! 0-681 13-95 0-521 10-70 1-202 < 24-65 8 9. Central Waikato .. .. .. .. 6.091 21-61 68-82 5-51 0-962 0-962 1-101 3-98 12-48 20-70 I 96 j 0-581 12-51 0-333 7-16 0-914 19-67 9 10. Dannevirke .. .. .. .. .. 3.001 17-24 75-61 6-88 1-566 1-566 1-650 2-55 11-00 33-83 96 ! 0-816 17-62 0-652 14-08 1-468 31-70 10 11. Franklin .. .. .. .. .. 4,610 17-42 73-40 5-47 0-896 0-896 * 3-43 13-42 19-42 91 ' 0-578 12-54 0-290 6-29 0-868 18-83 11 12. Golden Bay .. .. .. .. .. 447 19-73 67-10 5-97 1-406 1-406 1-161 3-39 11-24 24-63 69 0-633 11-09 0-496 8-69 1-129 19-78 12 13. Grey .. .. .. .. .. 4,226 11-86 40-20 3-30 0-882 1-662 1-957 3-63 12-17 17-15 200 0-403 7-84 0-388 7-54 0-791 15-38 13 14. Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. .. .7,845 14-10 56-01 4-45 0-801 1-142 1-005 2-60 10-27 17-88 235 0-510 11-39 0-202 4-52 0-712 15-91 14 15. Horowhenua .. .. .. .. .. 5,195 14-36 48-37 4-96 0-948 0-948 0-821 2-98 9-88 17-56 147 j 0-701 12-99 0-259 4-80 0-960 17-7 15 16. Hutt Valley .. .. .. .. .. 13,488 7-82 27-95 2-98 0-972 0-972 0-898 2-67 9-37 16-94 416 0-646 11-27 0-201 3-51 0-847 14-78 16 17. Lake Wakatipu 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. 17 18. Malvern .. .. .. .. .. 722 20-55 101-00 8-87 2-446 2-446 2-520 2-43 11-39 32-00 44 1-725 22-55 1-200 15-71 2-925 38 : 26 18 19. Manawatu-Oroua .. .. .. .. 5,441 23-45 90-00 4-85 0-704 1-055 * 4-87 13-56 16-43 158 0-448 10-45 0-221 5-16 0-669 15-61 19 20. Marlborough .. .. .. .. .. 3.106 24-10 112-80 10-72 1-852 1-852 1-544 2-38 10-52 32-02 114 0-693 11-98 1-071 18-52 1-764 30-50 20 21. North Auckland 5 .. .. .. .. 1.973 4-98 68-90 9-16 1-670 1-670 2-422 0-66 7-52 22-88 63 0-880 12-06 0-835 11-45 1-715 23-51 21 22. North Canterbury .. .. .. .. 2,674 12-49 73-30 5-86 1-260 1-445 1-836 1-98 11-17 20-59 56 0-824 13-45 0-410 6-70 1-234 20-15 22 23. Opunake .. .. .. .. .. 1,145 16-39 96-64 7-80 1-813 1-813 1-380 2-12 12-39 26-45 | 88 0-770 11-24 0-755 11-03 1-525 22-27 23 24. Otago Central .. .. .. .. 1,079 27-74 119-40 7-07 0-992 1-038 0-927 3-97 11-05 17-37 100 0-514 9-02 0-376 6-58 0-890 15-60 24 25. Otago .. .. .. .. .. 4.479 17-46 69-90 6-62 1-849 1-849 3-08 2-64 10-55 28-78 87 0-898 13-97 1-020 15-88 1-918 29-85 25 26. Poverty Bay .. .. .. .. 5,624 13-41 60-85 5-13 1-235 1-235 1-076 2-67 11-85 21-36 168 0-763 13-19 0-476 8-23 1-239 21-42 26 27. Reefton 1 .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . 27 28. South Canterbury .. .. .. .. 4.800 17-78 74-10 5-28 0-881 1-347 1-173 2-45 9-66 15-57 81 0-590 10-44 0-297 5-24 0-887 15-68 28 29. South Taranaki .. .. .. .. 3.677 11-45 62-30 4-95 1-195 1-253 * 2-26 12-16 21-98 147 0-642 11-80 0-358 6-58 1-000 18-38 29 30.- Springs-Ellesmere .. .. .. 2,768 13-37 59-54 5-21 1-194 1-521 1-448 2-59 11-43 17-31 95 0-868 12-59 0-344 4-99 1-212 17-58 30 31. Taranaki .. .. .. .. 2.812 35-95 179-00 9-52 1-020 1-364 1-170 3-07 j 15-07 19-06 124 0-358 6-68 0-525 9-82 0-883 16-50 31 32. Tararua .. .. .. .. 1.926 23 00 96-85 6-91 1-328 1-328 0-992 3-48 j 14-02 30-00 93 0-769 17-38 0-559 12-62 1-328 30-00 32 33. Tauranga .. .. .. .. 2.046 15-80 80-04 5-10 1-059 1-059 0-744 3-21 ! 15-70 .. 62 0-626 .. 0-381 1-007 33 34. TeAwamutu .. .. .. .. .. 2.305 21-64 91-16 5-94 1-024 1-024 1-263 3-68 j 15-35 22-91 ! 110 0-606 13-55 0-305 6-83 0-911 20-38 34 -35. Teviot .. .. .. .. .. 444 30-47 131 09 10-55 0-724 0-724 0-790 2-96 12-41 11-49 73 0-302 4-79 0-454 7-19 0-756 U-98 35 36. Thames Valley .. .. .. 8,987 20-89 93-75 6-09 0-984 1-033 0-747 3-32 14-75 23-90 150 0-565 13-73 0-346 8-40 0-911 22-13 36 -37. Waimea .. .. .. .. .. 2.326 14-30 56-80 7-32 3-255 3-255 3-352 2-01 7-77 32-85 123 1-452 14-65 1-704 17-20 3-156 31-85 37 38. Wairarapa .. .. .. .. . . 5.637 18-54 64-50 5-89 1-155 1-155 1-057 3-28 10-95 24-50 108 0-578 12-25 0-446 9-45 1-024 21-70 38 39. Wairere .. .. .. .. 432 25-22 : 146-00 11-92 0-941 0-941 0-900 2-48 13-36 14-85 35 0-369 5-82 0-580 9-15 0-949 14-97 39 40. Wairoa .. .. .. .. .. 477 9-46 ! 138-30 3-65 0-840 1-135 1-621 1-77 j 15-28 16-02 ! 149 0-597 11-39 0-203 3-88 0-800 15-27 40 41. Waitaki .. .. .. .. .. 4.452 11-21 I 45-30 4-85 1-017 1-017 0-907 2-42 9-34 17-20 j 83 0-648 10-95 0-319 5-39 0-967 16-34 41 42. Waitemata .. .. .. .. .. 13.315 11-09 40-60 5-00 1-071 1-071 1-003 2-27 8-12 20-35 122 0-703 13-35 0-310 5-88 1-013 19-23 42 43. Waitomo .. .. .. .. .. 1,601 16 00 j 70-95 4-95 1-092 1-092 0-749 3-38 14-35 21-28 150 0-664 12-94 0-347 6-75 1-011 19-69 43 44. Wanganui-Rangitikei .. .. .. .. j 11,185 10-68 50-00 4-67 1-124 1-160 0-925 I 2-30 10-40 22-07 ' 137 0-599 11-76 0-435 8-55 1-034 20-31 ! 44 45. Westland 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. - I •• •• •• 1 •• •• •• •• ! •• •• •• •• .. .. .. 45 Averages, Power Boards .. .. .. .. 15-48 j 65-00 | 5-38 0-998(6) ( l-077(rf)j .. 2-83(h) 11-28(1) .. j 149(w) .. .. .. .. .. ~ Other Local Authorities. City Councils. 1. Christchurch .. .. .. .. .. 31,629 8-66 ; 27-12 3-19 0-799 0-842 0-701 2-71 8-10 11-47 759 0-646 9-28 0-132 1-89 0-778 11-17 i 2. Dunedin .. .. .. .. .. 29,233 19-54 58-49 6-39 0-892 0-979 0-871 2-93 8-32 13-27 449 0-320 4-76 0-282 4-19 0-602 8-95 2 3. Invercargill .. ... .. .. .. 6,385 6-93 23-90 2-87 2-006 2-137 3-450 2-62 8-00 24-25 653 1-305 15-76 0-314 3-79 1-619 19-55 3 4. Nelson .. .. .. .. .. 3,320 11-78 39-80 4-27 3-508 3-517 * 2-83 9-20 31-88 552 2-192 19-92 0-950 8-64 3-142 28-56 4 5. Palmerston North .. .. .. .. 6,354 11-60 41-98 4-09 1-015 1-015 0-649 2-94 10-27 28-28 848 0-575 10-45 0-236 4-30 0-811 14-75 5 6. Wellington .. .. .. .. .. 38,136 11-07 36-30 3-75 1-047 1-090 0-666 3-00 8-80 12-69 1,286 0-726 8-72 0-155 1-86 0-881 10-58 6 Averages, City Councils .. .. .. .. 12-24 39-13 4-27 0-969(6) 1-025(d) .. 2-88(A) 8-53(i) .. 728(n) .. .. .. .. T ~ (For notes see page 147.)

D.—l

Table XIII.—Averages Derived from Tables IX, X, and XI, for Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

146

° -<««« *«»«» g || .3SSSggS§5lS;SS§Sfe . -SSS • SS8SS 1 8°sl ' sas ' ssssii 5 * |B 1 % :|II||SI|i?||f5f : :iii : Si|s| : : £ W 5JOHHH O O H H © N O H O HHCHHOHOHHOHOIHH HHlO rH TH <N O S tJet SSSSSgSSgSSSSS : SSSS31S§S§§g§gS| ; . %%%£% : : 7! S >0 CO O N iH TH t> CO I h :I|s|?S|Si?sSisi : :lll : Sglss : : C gS 66O66666OHH66O 066600000006006 o o rn ONHOO 1 Ph js || .ggsssssssaasssg . -SSS . SSSggS . . a" 6 '!| ' ass ' assss I h «|iii|SSi§i|iii : :fII : Illsf : : £ § HOHHHOOHHTPHOH O H66H66H6HHOHHOH rH,HTH O 6 iH CO O : |1I| 1 :S!!SS33S!18i3SS f =331 f llsls f | § £ || _ .§S§SS3§!§§gg3SgS • .3g§ . 2§g§g . . n p-|| l ftgiassssssssss ' sss ' s«g3 0 I B || „ - sssssssasgKssis .asfigsgsfcssssgsg f : S§K I assa? I I 2 -g cooog©no>oi>ncoi>oi>oo SS 1003^^^^0505^ 00 '"^ 00 05 O O co 05 Q ;~r 7=r*" 1 1 Sj B . „ :Sg£gS8fSgg3aS8g fe : S§S g sssss I I CO O p, O 3 (M(NCOr-l(MCOCO(M(M(N(MiH(M(M <£, 'fNH rHlMrtfCCrH | i : g * 1 Mi :giigi.lil§g§g§g : :ll§ : : ? , if : : a £ > 53®Ofl MHHNHOON HHH HHHrllN HHHHOHNHH NH© © OQ p. g $ PM "1 O i IsllJ «Il§lipilliil| :i|l|ai«S|f|l I III I fills | | I £ 60 03 c<3 NHHHHHCNHIONHHH HHONNOHHHHOHNHH rH rH CD rH CO CO rf O © £ cm s..a s g •i IgfftS :f||SsS|Il|fg|Si I m I fills I : 5 JQ H cc fQ HHO(M(NOHHHHOHlNHH ,-| iH l-l CD c<j i-l 00 CO O © I * M «.„i ~ assgssssssssgss ; sssgs3§sg3s!ss§s s :§£- s SSSSS 8 § £ 3- MNNH CO <N xh CO GNJ CO CO « I .JB' assssgessssesss .ssss'ssssssgsgss 3 -§gg s ggsgs § g o -s S6! gsssggsssssssss k s sssss a g | ° JLld «SSgSSSS3gg§aSS ; ggSSSSgSSSSSgfS S S sssgg f s g S ° §*'3 OJ JH ?H "** 05 TJ1 I * t lj' IllslilllSiifs .il§l§SIIIilllli . -las IS1SI . . P| a -« rt V rtV M • • • « • ' i I ::::::: ! i r \ r :::: is i '«?.','I,' I'«. It ! a! J |„,H

10*

D.—l

Table XIII.—Averages Derived from Tables IX, X, and XI, for Year ended 31st March, 1938— continued.

147

(For Summary of Relevant Totals from above-named Tables see Table XIIIb below.) Capital Outlay. Bevenue from Sale of Electricity. Working-costs. I Capital Charges. Total Costs. j Number j | -p TT it j p TI it j 1 j j I Supply Authority. Consumers PerHeacl Per ' Per £1 sold - sold Per Unit Per g ead Per Per J W - R P ®[ Per kW. ! Per kW. I Per kW. ' of of (Overall (Exclud- sold p G S^i a - 1 Retail Maim mOe of Per Unit of Per Unit of Per Unit of Popula- S u mer> Revenue, including mg Bulk (Domestic n a Consumer - demand Line sold - Maximum; sold. Maximum sold. Maximum tion. * Bulk and Supply). * * Demand. ! Demand. Demand. 1 (a) Su PP ly >- Tra ction). i (g) ; {k) | (m) (m) I I | Companies. £ j £ £ d. | d. d. j £ £ £ £ d. £ d. £ d £ 1. Alderton Utility Co. .. .. 84 10-94 j 80-70 5-52 1-203 I 1-203 1-120 1 1-98 14-62 I 13-65 88 j 0-487 5-52 0-518 5-87 1-005 11-39 i 2. Kanieri Electric, Ltd. .. .. 805 29-95 j 100-45 6-04 0-715 1-918(e) 1-748 j 3-05 9-82 i 12-17 461 1 0-404 6-88 0-214 3-64 0-618 10 -59 i 9 3. Kohukohu (L. Keys) 9 .. .. 60 12-46 62-27 6-63 12-00 12-00 12-00 1-88 9-40 43-39 282 ! 11-07 40-00 .. .. 11-07 40-00 i S 4. Beefton Electric Light and Power Co., Ltd. .. 347 4-67 20-18 1-90 6 -00 6-00 * 2-59 10-60 26-30 526 4-515 19-77 .. .. 4-515 19-77 4. 5. Kawene Motors, Ltd. .. .. 56 3-64 19-48 1-90 7-540 7-540 10-680 2-45 10-28 41-15 576 8-340 45-50 1-740 9-50 10 -080 55-00 : 5 6. Wilson's (N.Z.) Portland Cement, Ltd. .. 182 10-85 ! 35-95 6-17 0-376 ! 2-256(/) 2-719 14-83 7-61 , 6-89 328 0-151 2-76 0-023 0-42 0-174 3-18 ! 6 7. Westland Power, Ltd. .. .. 291 16-70 324-50 8-31 0-762 0-760(e) 0-767 J 1-47 16-65 10-13 158 j 0-583 | 7-76 0-355 4-73 0-938 12-49 : 7 Averages, Companies .. .. .. j 24-63 156-20 6-26 0-611(6) 1 • 482(d) .. 3 • 10(A) ll-06(£)j .. 268 (n) I .. .. i I I i I 1 I 1 Averages, all Supply Authorities, 1938 .. .. j 23-90 i 91-40 6-38 1-028(c) | 1-090(d) .. 2-90 (h) 10-28(Z) .. | 228 (ri) \ 1937 .. .. 23-42 I 92-20 6-81 1 071 1-107 .. 2-69 9-93 . . 215 .. .. I i 1936 .. .. ! 22-70 ! .. 7-02 1-127 ! 1-175 .. 2-56 9-82 j .. 211 .. . . ' " i 1935 .. .. 22-60 ; .. 7-32 1 173 1-22 .. 2-48 9-80 .. 206 .. j 1934 .. ..1 21-27 I .. 6-87 1-208 1-26 .. 2-43 9-60 1 1 210 .. ..I Average Revenue per Unit (kWh.) sold for all Purposes for Year ended 31st March, 1938 : 1 028d. Notes to Table XIII.— (a) Capital outlay divided by revenue from retail plus bulk sales. (b) Derived from items 11 and 3, Table XIIIB. (c) Total revenue from retail sales (£4,190,838) divided by total units sold retail (978 233 (d) Derived from items 12 and 5, Table XIIIb. (e) Excludes mining supplies (see Table XIIIa). (/) Excludes supply for cement-manufacture (see Table XIIlA). (g) Gross revenue, excluding bulk sales and rates (h) Derived from items 14 and 1, Table XIIlB. (k) Revenue from retail sales less revenue from large industrial and traction supplies. (I) Derived from items 12 and 2, Table XIIIb. (m) Bevenue from retail plus bulk sales' (n) Derived from items 10 and 6, Table XIIIb. 1 Arnold Biver generating- station, formerly owned by Grey Power Board. Taken over by Public Works Department on 1st February, 1938. 2 Formerly the Southland Electric-oower Board. Taken over by the Public Works Department on 13th October, 1936. • 3 Bay of Islands electric-power district constituted 3rd March, 1937, but Board not yet functioning as a supply authority. 4 Not actively functioning 5 Commenced supplying power on 19th December, 1936. 6 License delegated to Westland Power, Ltd. 7 No returns received. 8 Taken over by North Auckland Power Board on 1st Octobr, 1937. 9 Commenced surviving power in March, 1933. Not shown in returns for intervening years. * Figures for domestic units and revenue not given separately. Table XIIIa. Table XIIIb. Large Industrial and Traction Loads. —Units sold and Revenue obtained for Year ended 31st March, 1938. Summary of Totals from Tables IX, X, and XI. Supply Authority. Type of Load. Units sold. Bevenue. _ i | Other Local Authorities. i | Works ! Power i i i r • , Totals ' Public Works Department. kWh. £ g Department Boards. nt j Boroilffh I Tow _ j rnilTltv Companies. all Supply Arapuni-Mangahao-Waikaremoana Waihi Gold Mining Co- 19,734,653 15,668 department. Councils CoSff Board* rr 2 k Total. Authorities. N.Z.B., Workshops, 8,151,000 16,414 councils. , councils. | .Boards. Councils. Petone — : ' ' L. t ! Coleridge-Waitaki-Arnold Biver .. N.Z.B.,Christchurch 4,830.950 12,649 i __ (Traction, Work- , _ . .. No. No. No. No. No. No. j No. No. No shops, &c.) I' Population 48,875 878,726 367,714 153,283 2,611 22,460 546,068 11,570 1 485 "so Chr'tch'ch Tramways 8,433,430 15,812 %' »™ 1 , ber ° fc ™ s ™« rs , t ,,v J 1 ' 898 209,483 115,057 44,506 713 5,598 165,874 1 825 388*580 : ; I 1 3 - Total units sold (bulk plus retail), 949,626,622 608,355,572 261,148,372 88,259,624 1,150,192 9,958,233 17 893 376 Totals .. .. .. j 41,150,033 . 60,543 excluding intersales within ' ' ' 1 i group POWER BOARDS. I £' Units sold retail .. .. 71,075,200 556,993,824 245,543,470 79,987,929 1,150,192 9,953,429 1336,635,020 13,529 876 978 233 920 Auckland Traction.. .. 20,007,255 51,794 5 - Unite sold retail, less units sup- 29,925,167 526,572,820 229,709,245 79,187,953 1,150,192 9,953,429 1320,000,819 3 267 324 879 766 130 Grey Gold-dredging, &c. 9,267,259 18,608 plied for large and : oiv.tm.in) Wanganui-Bangitikei .. i Traction.. .. 1,146,490 2,650 #> traction loads (see Table XIIIa) I ; : 6- Boute-mlles of lines .. .. 4,457 16,985 1,450 1,070 67 208 2,795 170 24 407 Totals 30,421,004 1 73,052 ' Cities and Borotoiis. I _ _ ,. £ ■ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ » Duuedin Traction.. .. 4,495,831 10,941 Capital outlay ... .. 15,536,029 13,607,497 4,502,836 1,442,872: 25,650 127,514 6,098,872 284,944 35 527 342 Invercargill Traction.. .. 615 272 2 051 !' Revenue retail sales) .. .. 214,496 2,436,822 1,028,063 426,335 9,664 41,251 1,505,313 34 207 4 190 838 New Plymouth .. .. Traction.. .. 799 976 1 800 Revenue bulks, ales) 94,879, 26,413; 13,145 ; .. 33 39;591 11 326 1 379 643 Wellington Traction.. ,.| 10,728 122 33 610 10. Bevenue (retail plus bulk sales) 1,448,843 2,531,701 1,054,476 439,480 9,664 41,284 1,544,904 45 533 5 570 481 b : L ' H- Bevenue from retail plus bulk 1,448,343 2,531,645 1,054,476 438,939 ! 9,664 41 284 45 533 Totals .. .. .. I 16,634,201 I 48,302 "fe excludin g intersales .• I 1 ' ' I ' within group 12 -i Bevenue from retail sales, less 153,953 2,363,770 981,561 424,535 9,664 41,251 1,496,602 *> 0 188 ! 3 QOi aw Companies. revenue from large industrial ' ! Kanieri Electric, Ltd. .. .. Gold-dredging .. 3,498,120 5,459 and traction loads (see Table Westland Power, Ltd. .. .. Gold-mining .. 1,120,000 2,926 XIIIa) Wilson's (N.Z.) Portland Cement, Cement-manufacture 5.644.432 5,634 1 Gross revenue (excluding rates) 1,470,043 2,580,956 1,083,413 I 453,300 9,870 41 674 1 588 257 47 141 raft 907 Ltd. — — !4. Gross revenue, less revenue from 236,196 2.486,077 1,057,000 440,155 9,870 41,641 1 548'666 358l£ i'ihk'ni, Totals .... .. j 10,262,552 14,019 bulk sales ' *,010 — ; 15-; Working-costs .. .. 304,259 1,494,750 659,901 278,398 7.389 32,441 978 129 26 573 9 805 711 . I I 16- Capital charges .. .. 774,136 906.954 215,120 1 84,328 1,802 10.904 312 154 10 84.8 9'nninoo Totals for above Supply Authon- .. 98,467,.- 90 195,916 li. Total costs .. .. .. 1,078,395 2,401,704 875.021 362,726 9,191 43,345 1 290'283 37 421 4 807'803

D.—l.

Table XIV.—Return of Electric Ranges, Water-heaters, and Milking-machines connected to Electric-supply Systems as at 31st March, 1938.

148

Number of Consumers. Ranses. Water-heaters. Milking-machines. SuddIv Authority Percentage of Percentage of Domestic. Commercial. Total. KUowftte \nd°ove" S NumbL. Total kW. "'oomratte Number. Kilowatts. Nunlber of | Number - powe?. Consumers. Consumers. | Public Works Depabtment. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Per Cent. Per Cent. 1. Arapuni-Mangahao-Waikaremoana .. 377 11 388 21 215 236 .?? 52 ?o2 iaa aa 9 « 2. Coleridge-Waitaki- Arnold River .. 93 31 124 27 79 106 593 o<vt o m i i«T 9 l<17 3. Southland Electric-power Supply .. 8,314 2,572 10,886 21 1,484 1,505 10,433 18-10 397 4/6 o-uo ,-n Totals, Public Works Department .. 8,784 2,614 11,398 69 1,778 1,847 12,578 21-01 773 945 6-78 1,183 2,143 Electbic-poweb Boards. „„ , 10 „ 1 Ashburton 3,903 522 4,425 69 1,108 1,177 6,144 30-15 661 1,267 14-94 92 129 *> Auckland 47 264 11 078 58,342 .. 11,460 11,460 80,220 24-24 15,405 8,472 26-40 054 1,108 3' Banks Peninsula !! " .. l|006 65 1,071 89 197 286 1,649 28-43 254 373 Z3-72 228 143 5.' Bay ofPknty 3(,) !! !! !! "i,583 *226 1,809 "69 "547 "616 3>1 38-90 1,U5 "858 63-30 632 852 7' Cambridge " " " " i 334 236 "27 "242 "269 20-20 656 575 41-80 365 463 8 ! Central Hawke's Bay !! " " 1,563 367 1,930 17 316 333 2,126 21-30 397 399 20-60 116 195 9. Central Waikato 5,507 584 6,091 168 644 812 4,728 14-74 2,153 1,385 3o-3o 1,739 2,763 10 Dannevirke 2 492 509 3,001 16 290 306 1,985 12-28 670 477 22-32 442 555 11' Franklin " " 4 150 460 4,610 298 984 1,282 6,450 30-90 2,339 1,430 50-75 1,785 2,128 12: Golden Bay " " !! !. '373 74 447 41 31 72 264 19-30 95 67 21-25 100 95 13 Grev 3 624 602 4,226 115 328 443 2,803 12-22 298 328 8-22 32 40 14 Hawke's Bav" " " 6'980 865 7,845 95 1,388 1,483 12,849 21-25 1,502 857 19-15 290 401 15 Horowhenua 3 938 1,257 .. l|039 1,039 6,5U 26-40 1,447 916 27-85 1,144 1,078 16! Hutt Valley !! !! " 12 |642 S46 13,488 135 2,396 2,531 13,583 20-00 2,412 2,171 17-88 93 125 IS akatiPU(2) " " " 642 80 722 31 138 169 981 26-32 74 125 io-25 6 10 19~ Manawatu Oroua " " 5 229 212 5,441 .. 1,072 1,072 6,310 20-50 1,783 1,210 32-80 1,303 1,961 20* Marlborough " 2'645 461 3.106 162 422 584 3,178 22-08 309 217 9-95 114 181 2l' North Auckland " " l's79 394 1,973 186 .. I 186 1,144 11-78 336 203 17-03 298 339 22' North Canterbury 2 438 236 2,674 147 330 477 2,736 19-57 333 554 12-45 111 129 93' Oounake 1 005 140 1,145 11 128 139 745 13-83 184 124 16-07 312 482 24' Otago Central' " 847 232 1,079 10 178 188 1,146 22-20 196 201 18-17 82 63 25' Otago " 4 443 36 4,479 17 370 387 2,519 8-71 348 358 7-77 126 198 26! Poverty Bay" !! .. .. 1,127 5,624 .. 1,483 1,483 9,576 33-00 1,145 771 20-36 208 195 27. Reefton( 2 ) .. .. .. . • • ■ ■ • • • • ■ - • - - - - - • ' • • •" '" °8 South Canterbury 4 183 617 4,800 120 697 817 6,002 19-53 575 841 11-97 196 2o3 29' South Taranaki " " 3 107 570 3.677 12 471 483 3,089 15-55 869 659 23-64 697 946 30 Sfirings Ellesmere 2 521 247 2,768 145 275 420 2,216 16-67 246 325 8-89 163 225 31' Taranaki ' 1 302 1,510 2,812 11 419 430 2-992 33-00 1,072 675 38-10 1,116 1,954 32' Tararua " ] '647 279 1,926 164 275 439 2,299 26-65 523 335 27-15 426 555 33' Taurano-a " ! 1*957 89 2,046 78 450 528 3,389 27-00 1,049 704 51-20 700 969 34- TeAwamutu" 1 921 384 2,305 84 379 463 2,632 24-10 879 674 38-13 776 1,150 35' Teviot " 362 82 444 18 163 181 181 50-00 144 118 32-43 2 1 36" Thames VaUev 8 117 870 8,987 65 1,688 1,753 12,531 21-59 3,826 2,786 42-57 2,989 i 5,149 37' Waimea 2 020 306 2,326 39 110 149 763 7-38 129 77 5-55 55 29 3a" Wflirarara " " 4 648 989 5,637 88 725 813 5,509 17-50 1,176 1,183 20-86 555 ! 892 39! Wairere !! !! !. ■■ 362 70 432 6 131 137 857 37-85 208 105 48-20 90 j 109 (For notes, see page 150.)

D.—l.

Table XIV.—Return of Electric Ranges, Water-heaters, and Milking-machines connected to Electric-supply Systems as at 31st March, 1938— continued.

149

Number of Consumers. Ranges. Water-heaters. Milking-machines. Supply Authority. Percentage of Percentage of Domestic. Commercial.! Total. 5 a ff 0 ve!? Numblr. Total kW. N j^ r ti ° f Number. iJowaL. Number of Number ' powfr! Consumers. Consumers. Electric-power Boards —continued. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Per Cent. Per Cent. 40 Wairoa .. .. .. .. 393 84 477 34 81 115 605 29-30 142 92 29-80 169 134 41. Waitaki .. .. .. .. 3,902 550 4,452 126 903 1,029 6,773 26-40 .1,003 1,229 22-54 44 57 42 Waitemata .. .. .. .. 12,234 1,081 13,315 60 3,035 3,095 17,458' 25-28 2,790 1,869 20-95 1,026 755 43. Waitomo .. .. .. .. 1,221 380 1,601 63 373 436 2,741 35-70 556 386 34-70 250 361 44. Wanganui-Rangitikei .. .. .. 9,011 2,174 11,185 .. 1,451 1,451 9,112 16-10 1,950 1,346 17-43 817 1,072 45. Westland( 3 ) .. Totals, Power Boards .. .. 178,592 30,891 209,483 2,816 36,717 39,533 251,999 22-13 51,279 36,742 24-47 20,242 28,244 Othek Local Authorities. City Councils. 1 Christchureh .. .. .. 27,029 4,600 31,629 622 8,999 9,621 63,313 35-60 7,494 7,566 23-70 27 38 2. Dunedin .. .. .. .. 22,321 6,912 29,233 340 1,768 2,108 12,159 9-44 3,359 3,554 11-49 143 237 3. Invereargill .. .. .. .. 5,376 1,009 6,385 10 96 106 624 1-9/ 1 1 4. Nelson .. .. .. .. 3,320 .. 3,320 5 Palmerston North .. .. .. 5,139 1,215 6,354 107 784 891 4,62o 17-40 1,663 1,053 26-35 3 6 6. Wellington .. .. .. .. 28,022 10,114 38,136 313 2,214 2,527 16,164 9-02 4,795 6,285 12-57 9 8 Totals, City Councils .. .. 91,207 23,850 115,057 1,392 13,861 15,253 96,885 16-72 17,312 18,459 15-04 182 289 Borough Councils. 1 Bluff ........ 443 104 547 5 3 8 25 1-81 2 2 0-37 2 Hamilton 3,728 1,341 5,069 15 175 190 1,201 5-10 449 342 8-86 3 Inglewood ........ 370 72 442 3 34 37 263 10-00 28 25 6-33 3 4 4 Kaiapoi .. .. .. .. 447 68 515 52 36 88 400 19-68 13 13 2-52 3 1 5 Lyttelton .. .. .. .. 847 133 980 7 124 131 850 15-47 61 57 6-23 1 3 6 Napier .. .. .. .. 3,686 1,234 4,920 37 340 377 2,504 10-23 782 504 15-90 7 New Plymouth .. .. .. 5,822 1,038 6,860 248 1,336 1,584 8,340 27-20 1,632 1,020 23-79 571 949 8. Ohakune .. 403 115 518 14 15 29 127 7-20 24 18 4-63 7 8 9 Patea .. .. .. .. 449 .. 449 29 54 83 387 18-48 58 37 12-92 19 19 10. Picton 335 81 416 1 I 2 11 0-60 11. Queenstown .. .. .. .. 213 70 283 3 12 15 70 7-04 1 1 0-35 12. Raetihi .. .. .. .. 346 90 436 1 14 15 94 4-34 41 30 9-40 38 41 13 Rangiora .. .. .. .. 635 110 745 3 72 75 473 11-81 75 90 10-0< .. 14. Riocarton .. .. .. .. 1,475 140 1,615 43 445 488 3,088 33-10 485 433 30-00 15. Ross( *) .. .. ■ ■ ■ ■ •. • ■ • • • - ■ • • • • • ■ • • • • • 16. Rotorua (Tourist Department) .. .. 1,943 642 2,585 135 210 345 1,716 17-75 395 348 15-28 104 132 17 Stratford . .. .. .. 970 260 1,230 8 214 222 1,198 22-89 212 194 17-23 3 4 18 Sumner .. .. .. 1,110 .. 1,110 63 140 203 1,196 18-28 119 111 10-72 1 3 19 Taihape ........ 462 164 626 5 1 6 120 1-30 19 19 3-04 2 5 20 Taumarunui . .. 741 378 1,119 9 44 53 296 7-16 55 41 4-92 30 26 21 Tauranea .. .. -• 1,028 295 1,323 103 465 568 2,840 55-20 611 248 46-20 22 TeAroha .. -- -• 530 231 761 6 74 80 571 15-10 93 62 12-22 7 15 23 TePuke .. .. .. 223 131 354 10 41 51 295 22-86 58 32 16-38 6 9 24 Thames .. .. -• 941 281 1,222 20 42 62 312 6-60 66 37 5-40 25. Timaru .. .. .. .. 3,898 1,011 4,909 .. 658 658 4,247 16-87 587 727 11-96 2 1 (For notes, see page 150.)

D.—l.

Table XIV.—Return of Electric Ranges, Water-heaters, and Milking-machines connected to Electric-supply Systems as at 31st March, 1938— continued.

150

Number of Consumers. Ranges. Water-heaters. Milking-machines. Supply Authority. Percentage of Percentage of Domestic Commer"ial ' Total TJnder 5 5 Kilowatts Total T t , kW Number of w„ m her Total Total Number Horse- , domestic. commercial. lotai. Kilowatts. and over. Number. lotalkvv. Domestic Number. KUowatts. Number of JNumDer. power _ Consumers. Consumers. Othek Local Authorities —continued. Borough Councils —continued. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Per Cent. Per Cent. 26. Wairoa .. .. .. .. 529 241 770 14 167 181 1,275 33-60 216 124 28-05 27. Waitara .. .. .. .. 454 116 570 10 49 59 335 13-00 41 31 7-20 2 2 28. Westport .. .. .. .. 943 273 1,216 1 16 17 117 1-80 34 29 2-80 29. Whakatane .. .. .. .. 403 162 565 20 110 130 810 32-26 135 82 23-90 7 9 30. Whangarei .. .. .. .. 1,674 677 2,351 35 207 242 1,493 14-45 161 95 6-85 15 25 Totals, Borough Councils .. .. 35,048 9,458 44,506 900 5,099 5,999 34,654 17-12 6,453 4,752 14-50 821 1,256 Town Boards. 1. Kamo( 6 ) 2. Kaponga .. .. .. .. 341 67 408 12 31 43 216 12-60 75 51 18-38 133 232 3. Mangaweka ........ 96 31 127 1 26 27 145 28-12 22 10 17-32 11 9 4. Manunui .. .. .. .. 157 21 178 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 4 Totals, Town Boards .. .. 594 119 713 13 57 70 361 11-78 97 61 13 -60 148 245 County Councils. 1. Heathcote .. .. .. .. 1,366 4 1,370 104 406 510 2,750 37-30 378 354 27-60 10 8 2. Kaikoura .. .. .. .. 130 50 180 2 .. 2 3 1-54 3. Murchison ........ 172 22 194 6 6 12 47 6-98 15 10 7-74 22 26 4. Uawa .. .. .. .. 90 15 105 5. Waimairi .. .. .. .. 3,541 208 3,749 74 947 1,021 5,947 28-83 919 772 24-52 36 34 Totals, County Councils .. .. 5,299 299 5,598 186 1,359 1,545 8,747 29-18 1,312 1,136 23-44 68 68 Totals, other Local Authorities .. 132,148 33,726 165,874 2,491 20,376 22,867 140,647 17-30 25,174 24,408 15-17 1,219 1,858 Companies. 1. Alderton Utility Co. .. .. .. 68 16 84 10 25 35 189 51-50 32 19 38-10 5 3 2. Kanieri Electric, Ltd. .. .. 570 235 805 18 , 79 97 612 17-00 47 47 5-84 3. Kohukohu (L. Keys) .. .. .. 37 23 60 .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1-67 4. Reefton Electric Light and Power Co., 268 79 347 .. .. .. .. .. 2 3 0-57 1 2 Ltd. 5. Rawene Motors, Ltd. .. .. .. 37 19 56 6. Wilson's (N.Z.) Portland Cement, Ltd. .. 143 39 182 3 3 6 27 4-20 7 5 3-85 24 42 7. Westland Power, Ltd. .. .. 251 40 291 5 18 23 117 9-16 38 56 13-05 37 59 Totals, Companies .. .. 1,374 451 1,825 36 125 161 945 11-72 127 131 6-96 67 106 Totals, all Supply Authorities, 1938 320,898 67,682 388,580 5,412 58,996 64,408 406,169 20-07 77,353 62,226 19-90 22,711 32,351 „ 1937 307,007 64,020 371,027 4,520 48,882 53,402 333,966 17-40 67,049 54,122 18-07 20,275 29,982 Ratio of Domestic Consumers to Total Consumers = 82*6 per cent. Notes. —(1) New electric-power district constituted 3rd March, 1937, but Board not actively functioning as a supply authority. (2) Not actively functioning. (3) License delegated to Westland Power, Ltd. (4) No return received. (5) Taken over by North Auckland Electric-power Board as from 1st October, 1937, and figures included in North Auckland Electric-power Board's return.

D.—l

Table XV. —Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38.

151

(Note. —In the following table, on account of space limitations, only the more representative selling-rates are given in each case. For further information reference should be made to the Rate-book of the Electric-power Boards and Supply Authorities Association, or to the tariff schedules of individual supply authorities. Wherever possible a general domestic tariff covering electric cooking is quoted. Abbreviations : T.S. = Time switch ; C.O.S. = Change-over switch used with range, motors, &c. The period for which discounts hold good is usually 14 days.) Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. Public Works Department. 1. Arapuni-Mangahao-Waikare- ~) f£2 10s. per kVA. of maximum demand per quarter for first 200 kVA. moana I R i. , , J £2 per kVA. of maximum demand per quarter for next 4,800 kVA.. 2. Coleridge - Waitaki - Arnold j su PP 1 y onl £i jg s . p er kVA. of maximum demand per quarter for next 15,000 kVA. River J 1_£1 6s. 3d. per kVA. of maximum demand per quarter for all over 20,000 kVA. 3. Southland Eleotric-power Lighting, heating, and power— Lighting, heating, cooking, and small power : As for Supply(*) Units per month : 21 @ 6£d. Domestic. 21 @ 4d. 42 @ 2Jd. Industrial power : ljd. per unit net, subject to Excess @ lfd. discounts for quantity. Cooking : Id. per unit. Minimum charge for milking-motors— Up to 1 h.p., £6 p.a. Water-heating : fd. per unit on C.O.S.; Jd. per Over 1 h.p., £10 p.a. unit in Gore. Minimum charges : Lighting, £4 p.a. Range up to 6 kW.: £6 p.a. Range over 6 kW.: £8 p.a. Above rates are net. Electric-power Boards. 1. Ashburton .. .. Lighting, heating, and cooking, with range over 3 kW. Lighting :— or heat-storage range :—- Units per month : 150 @ 6d. Units per month : As per schedule @ 8d. 100 @ 5d. Next 84 @ 2d. Excess at 4d. Excess @ lfd. Min. eh. : As for Domestic. Schedule Lighting Connected Load. Units @ 8d. Heating :— Up to 150 W. .. .. 7 Units per month : 60 @ 2d. 151 to 500 W. .. .. .. 10 60 @ l£d. Over 500 W. .. .. .. 13 Excess at Id. Min. ch. per month : Ashburton, 4s. Min. eh. : 5s. per month only if power used. Country districts, 6s. General tariff, including cooking and small power Water-heating :— for Hotels, &c. — Metered : 4(1. per unit. No min. ch. Units per month : 100 @ 6d. Flat rates : 750 W., 9s. 6d. per month. 100 @ 2d. 1,000 W., 12s. 6d. per month. 100 @ l£d. 2,000 W., 25s. per month. Excess at Id. On C.O.S. or T.S. (off up to 4 hrs. per day). Min. ch. : £8 10s. per month. Above rates are net. Water-heating : As for Domestic. Power: — Units per month : 80 @ 3d. 120 @ 2d. Excess at l|d. Min. ch.: 5s. per month per h.p. of connected load. Reduced rates for guarantees and for off-peak supply. Above rates are net. 2. Auckland .. .. General tariff: — Lighting:— Units per month : 36 @ 3d. Units per month : M.D. X. 14 @ 3d. Excess @ Jd. Excess @ l^d. Min. ch. : Is. per month. Radiators : 3d. per unit (1st May to 31st October). Water-heating : Elat rate : £12 12s. per 1,000 W. p.a., or pro rata according to size of element. Cooking : Id. per unit (7 a.m. to 10 p.m.). Min. ch. : £4 p.a. id. per unit (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.). Metered : fd. per unit, with thermostat control; On 2-rate meter and T.S. min. size, 10 gal.; min.-max. wattage, 4003,000. Power : Unit rate :— Discount on above rates : 10 per cent. Units per month : 100 @ 2Jd. 3,500 @ Id. Excess @ fd. Power : Demand rate : 8s. per kVA of M.D. per month, plus per unit. Min. ch. : 3s". per kVA. of M.D. per month for over 10 kVA. demand. Discount on above rates : 10 per cent. (*) Formerly Southland Electric-power Board. Taken over by the Public Works Department on 18th Oetober, 1938.

D.—i

Table XV. —Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38 —continued.

152

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 3 Banks Peninsula .. .. Lighting, heating, cooking, and small power :— Lighting : 7d. per unit. Min. oh. : As for Domestic. Units per quarter : As per schedule @ 9d. Excess @ ljd. Heating :— The above rate holds good provided an electric Units per quarter : 450 @ 2d. range is in use, otherwise an intermediate block Excess @ lfd. of 450 units per quarter is charged for at 2d. per Min. ch.: 10s. tid. per kW. per quarter (min. 15s. unit. per quarter). Schedule :— Units per Connected Lighting Load. Quarter @ 9d. General purpose motors (off from 5 p.m. to 6.30 p.m., Up to 200 W. .. .. .. 27 May-September) : — 201 to 500 W. .. .. .. 33 Units per quarter : 240 @ 3d. 501 to 600 W. .. .. .. 40 360 @ 2d. 601 to 800 W. .. .. .. 50 Excess @ ljd. Over 800 W. .. .. .. 60 Min. ch. : £2 10s. per h.p. per annum. Min. ch. per quarter per kW. of connected load : — If on unrestricted service, £2 10s. per h.p. per Lighting : 15s. (Akaroa); 22s. 6d. (Counties). annum in addition to unit rates above. Heating : 10s. 6d. Cooking : 6s. Milking-motors :— Power: 12s. 6d. per h.p. per quarter (min. Units per quarter : 360 @ 2d. 6s. 3d.). Excess @ l|d. Plus £5 per h.p. per season. Water-heating :— (a) 9.30 p.m. to 5.30 a.m.: per unit on T.S. Dairy water-heaters : £d. per unit, plus 12s. per kW. (b) Off peak (18 hrs. service): |d. per unit on T.S. per quarter on C.O.S. or T.S. and C.O.S. or thermostat. Discount on above rates : 7-| per cent. Min. ch. : (a) 7s. 6d.; (b) 10s. 6d. per kW. per quarter. Discount on above rates: per cent. 4. Bay of Plenty .. ... General tariff: — Lighting Units per quarter : As per schedule @ 8d. Shops and offices : 8d. per unit. Next 200 @ 2d. Hotels, &c. : Per quarter— Excess @ l£d. 8d. for first unit per light. „ , , , 6d. for excess. Schedule :— TT .. _ _ ,, nnmo Units per Quarter @ 8d. Heating :— 5 or less .. .. .. .. 27 Shops and offices— 6 or 7 .. .. .. .. 30 Unrestricted : 4d. per unit. 8 or 9 .. .. .. 33 Off peak— 10 or more .. .. 36 Units per month per kW. : 20 @ 3d. Min. ch. :—Borough : 15s. per quarter. Excess @ ljd. County : From £1 per quarter for two Hotels, &c. : Units per quarter : 200 @ 2d. or three rooms to £3 per quarter for Excess @ ljd. over nine rooms. General-purpose motors :— Units per quarter : 80 per h.p. @ 3d. Water-heating : 4s. per 100 W. per quarter on T.S. 600 @ 2Jd. (18 hrs. per day approx.). Excess @ 2d. Above rates are net. Milking-motors Units per quarter— Fractional h.p.: 120 @ 5d. Excess @ ljd. 1 h.p. and over : 120 per h.p. @ 5d. Excess @ l£d. Dairy water-heaters: 30s. per quarter for 750 W., 600 of which on C.O.S. Above rates are net. 5. Cambridge .. .. Lighting: 6d. per unit. Lighting:— Discount: 5 per cent. (a) Units per month : 100 @ 6Jd. 100 @ 5Jd. Heating and cooking :— Excess @ 4Jd. Units per month : 10 @ 3d. (6) First 60 hrs. of connected load @ 6Jd. per unit. 90 @ ljd. Excess @ 3Jd. per unit. Excess @ fd. Discount: 5 per cent. Combined min. ch. : 3s. 6d. per month. Discount: 5 per cent. Power :— (a) Unrestricted— Water-heating :— Units per month : 100 @ 3d. Restricted—• 900 @ ljd. 750 W., £4 10s. p.a.\ T „ Excess @ fd. 1,000 W., £6 p.a. ../ on ' ' (b) Restricted hours — Continuous : £12 per kW. p.a. Units per month : 100 @ 3d. 400 @ lid. 5,500 @ fd. Excess @ Jd. Discount: 5 per cent. Milking-motors:— Units per month : 60 per h.p. @ 4d. Excess @ Id.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

153

— j i Supply Authority Domestic. Commercial. 6. Central Hawke's Bay .. LightingLighting: 7d. per unit. Units per quarter : As per schedule @ 7d. Next 90 @ 3|d. Heating :— Next 90 @ 2d. Units per quarter : 120 @ 3d. Excess @ ljd. 120 @ 2d. Schedule— Excess @ l£d. Units per Quarter @ 7d. Off-peak heating (8.30 a.m. to 11 a.m. and 12.45 Kooms. Jan.-Mar. April-June. July-Sept. Oct.-Dec. p.m. to 4.30 p.m.) as follows :— 5 or less .. 24 30 30' 24 Units per quarter : 90 @ 2d. 6 or 7 .. 27 33 33 27 Excess @ Id. 8 or 9 .. 30 36 36 30 Industrial motors: — 10 or more 33 39 39 33 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on T.S. if required— The above tariff also applies to heating, &c., Units per quarter: 1,000 @ 3d. where no range is installed ; but with a range in 1,000 @ 2£d. use the heating and cooking rate is as follows : — Excess @ 2d. From 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. : Id. per unit on T.S. Heating and cooking :— Units per quarter : 90 @ 2-Jd. Milking-motors :■ — 90 @ 2d. Units per quarter : 1,000 @ 2|d. Excess @ l|-d. Excess @ 2d. Above rates are net. Water-heating:— £6 per 1,000 W. p.a., with range or milking-motor. £8 per 1,000 W. p.a. without. Booster elements and elements not equipped with a T.S. will be metered and current charged at heating rates. Above rates are net. Min. ch. :— Borough : 15s. per quarter. Country : 15s. per quarter up to six rooms. 25s. per quarter over six rooms. 7. Central Waikato . . .. Lighting, heating, and cooking, with range of not less Lighting : 5d. per unit. than 2 kW. :— Min. ch. : 2s. 3d. per month. Units per month : 16 @ 5d. 80 @ ! -i-d. Heating and cooking : l£d. per unit. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : 2s. 3d. per month. Min. ch. per month : 4s. 6d. Power Water-heating Ordinary rate : 2|d. per unit. With range of not less than 2 kW. : 12s. per 100 W. Min. ch. : 5s. per h.p. per month up to 5 h.p. p.a. on T.S. 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month for excess over 5 h.p. Without range : 16s. per 100 W. p.a. on T.S. jMilking-motors (2 h.p. or less): 2Jd. per unit. Unrestricted rate : 22s. per 100 W. p.a. Off-peak supply (on T.S.): — Discount on above rates : 5 per cent. Units per month : 30 per h.p. @ 2Jd. Excess @ l^d. Min. ch. : 5s. per h.p. per month. Alternatively : 4Jd. per unit; no min. ch. Discount on above rates : 5 per cent. 8. Dannevirke .. .. Lighting: 7d. per unit. Lighting: 6d. per unit. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Heating : 4d. per unit. Heating and power Units per month : 80 @ 3d. Cooking :— 120 @ 2d. Units per month : 20 @ 3d. Excess @ l^d. Excess @ ljd. Min. ch. : Heating : 2s. 6d. per month. Min. ch. : 5s. per month. ' Motors : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Where range installed all heating, ironing, &c., Discount on above rates : 7} per cent. will be connected to range meter. Discount on above rates : 7£ per cent. Milking-motors : £1 per h.p. p.a. plus the following unit charges per month :— Water-heating :—- 70 @ 4d. Metered : Jd. per unit (600 W., 16 hrs. per day on 100 @ 2£d. T.S.) plus 2s. 6d. per month T.S. rental. Excess @ Id. Hat rate : £1 per 100 W. p.a. on T.S. (ofi up to 8 hrs. per day). Min. ch. : £5 p.a. 9 Fnanklin .. .. Lighting: 5d. per unit. Lighting and heating: As for Domestic. Min. ch. : 3s. per month. Industrial and milking-motors :— Heating, power, and cooking, where range installed : Units per quarter : 200 @ 2£d. Id. per unit. ' Excess @ 2d. Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Min. ch. : 3s. per month for 1 h.p. and 2s. 6d. per month for each additional h.p. Water-heating : Discount on above rates : 10 per cent. On C.O.S. or T.S.: 14s. per 100 W. p.a. Min. ch. : £4 4s. p.a. Continuous rate : 20s. per 100 W. p.a. Min. ch. : £6 p.a. Discount on above rates : 10 per cent.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

154

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 10. Golden Bay .. .. Lighting:— Lighting and heating: As for Domestic. Units per month : 80 @ 9d. Excess @ 7d. Power :— Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Units per month : 80 @ 4d. 240 @ 3d. Heating (including cookers up to 2£ kW. and small Excess at Id. motors up to £ h.p.):— Min. ch. : 2s. per h.p. per month. Units per month : 8 @ 4Jd. Discount: 5 per cent. 12 @ 3d. . 120 @ ljd. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Electric ranges (including all heating) :— Units per month : 140 @ ljd. 460 @ Id. Excess @ f d. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Heat-storage range up to 750 W. : £6 p.a. Discount on above rates : 5 per cent. Water-heating (a) £1 per 100 W. p.a. (b) £6 per kW. p.a., with electric range. 11. Grey .. .. .. Lighting:— Lighting and heating: As for Domestic. Units per month : 100 @ 6d. Excess @ 4d. Power : 2d. per unit. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Heating and cooking : Id. per unit. Min. eh. per month : 7s. 6d. with range ; 2s. 6d. without. Water-heating : With range : Jd. per unit. Without range : £d. per unit. No min. ch. 12. Hawke's Bay .. .. General tariff (lighting, heating, cooking, and motors Lighting:— up to i h.p.) :— Country— Units per 2 months : As per schedule @ 6d. Units per 2 months : 200 @ 6d. Next 28 @ 2d. Excess @ 4d. Excess @ ljd. Hastings— Schedule Units per 2 months : M.D. per month X 30 Units per 2 Months @ 6d. umta @ 5 i d - Within Hastings Outside Hastings Excess @ l$d. Rooms. Borough. Borough. Heating:— 5 or less .. .. 12 14 Country— 6 or 7 .. 14 18 Units per 2 months : 120 @ 2d. 8 or 9 .. 16 20 Excess @ ljd. 10 or more .. 18 22 Hastings : 3d. per unit. Alternative tariff for private residences with range Cooking :— of not less than 5 kW. : Service charge Is. per Units per 2 months : 200 @ 2d. month per room (min. 5 rooms) plus Id. per unit. Excess @ 0-9d. Power: —• Water-heating : £1 per 100 W. p.a. for not less than Units per 2 months : 50 per h.p. @ 2Jd. (max., 500 W. on T.S. or control wire (21 hrs. service). 500). Excess @ ljd. Minimum, charges :— Minimum charges : — Country : 4s. per month. Country : 4s. per month. Hastings: 2s. per month. Hastings: Up to 300 W., 2s.; over 300 W., 5s. Above rates are net. per month. Above rates are net. 13 Horowhenua .. ■ . General tariff: — Lighting: 4d. per unit net. Units per month : 10 @ 5d. Min. ch. : 3s. 6d. per month. 200 @ Id. Excess @ fd. Heating :— Min. ch. : 3s. per month. Units per month : 100 @ lfd. Excess @ Id. Water-heating : £12 per kW. p.a., continuous. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. £9 per kW. p.a. on C.O.S. Above rates are net. Power :— (а) Units per month : 200 @ 2|d. Excess @ 2d. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. (б) 6d. per unit up to 3 h.p. No min. ch. Milking-motors charged on rate (a) but with no minimum. Above rates are net.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

155

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 14. Hutt Valley .. .. General tariff: — Lighting:— Units per month : 14 @ 4|d. Units per month : 32 @ 5d. 64 @ ljd. 350 @ 3Jd. 464 @ Id. Excess @ 3d. Excess @ Jd. Min. ch. : 3s. per month. With an electric range of the fixed type :— Units per month : 14 @ 4|d. Heating :— Excess at fd. Units per month : 12 @ 2Jd. Discount: 12J per cent, adjustable, plus 8J per 12 @ 2d. cent, for cash. 476 @ ljd. Min. ch. ; 2s. 6d. per month. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Water-heating :— 19s. 6d. per 100 W. p.a. (22 hrs.) Power (7 a.m. to 10 p.m.):— 16s. 9d. per 100 W. p.a. (on thermo- | Units per month : 80 @ 3d. stat) )>Min: 500 W. 120 @ 2d. 12s. per 100 W. p.a. with range (on I 120 @ ljd. C.O.S. and thermostat) J Excess @ Id. 5s. per 100 W. p.a. (10 p.m. to 7 a.m. on T.S.). Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Min. 750 W. : max. 3,000 W. Metered : |d. per unit. Max. 3,000 W. (min. ch. Power (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) : 0-65d. per unit. 2s. 6d. per 1,000 W. per month). Min. ch. : Is. per h.p. per month. Discount on water-heating rates : 8J- per cent. Power (25 h.p. to 100 h.p.):— Units per month : 228 @ 2d. Exoess @ Id. Min. oh.: 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Milking-motors— Units per month: 124 @ 2d. Exoess @ Id. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Discount: 8J- per cent, on all of the above rates, except power (25-100 h.p.) where 15 per cent, is allowed. 15. Malvem .. . . .. Lighting, heating, and small motors up to J h.p. :— Rate A— Power :— Units per quarter : As per schedule @ lOd. Units per quarter : 240 @ 3£d. Next 150 @ 3d. 360 @ 2£d. Excess @ 2d. Excess @ l|d. Min. ch. : £1 7s. 6d. per quarter. Min. ch. : 18s. per h.p. per quarter. Schedule— Number of Units per Quarter Discount on above rates : 10 per cent. Points. @ lOd. Up to 7 .. .. .. 36 8 to 12 .. .. .. .. 42 Over 12 .. .. .. .. 48 Rate B, with range— Units per quarter : 48 @ lOd. 300 @ 2d. Excess @ Id. Water-heating:— 9.30 p.m. to 7.30 a.m. on T.S. : Jd. per unit. 24 hr. service (up to 2 kW. heater, where range installed): Jd. per unit, reducible to Jd. where water-heater installation approved. Discount on above rates : 10 per cent. 16. Manawatu-Oroua .. .. General tariff: — Lighting:— Units per month : 15 @ 6d. Units per month : 100 @ 6d., net. 25 @ 2d. 100 @ 5d., net. 60 @ ljd. Excess @ 4d., net. Excess @ ljd., net. Min. ch. per month : One meter, 4s. 6d.; two or Heating ; ljd. per unit net, if on separate meter, more meters, 7s. Min. ch. : As for Domestic. Water-heating :— Power :— Flat rates per annum : 500 W., £4 10s. Units per month : 100 @ 3Jd., net. 600 W., £5 8s. 100 @ 3d., net. 750 W., £6 15s. Excess @ lfd., net. 1,000 W., £9. Subject to discount of 5 per cent, where Subject to control by T.S., C.O.S., or pilot wire static condensers are installed to maintain at during peak-load hours. least 0-95 P.E. Min. ch. : £4 10s. per annum. Min. ch. p.a. : Up to J h.p., £2; J to 3 h.p. Above rates are net. £2 10s.; over 3 h.p., £5. M ilking-motors— Units per month : 100 @ 3d., net. 100 @ 2Jd., net. Excess @ lfd., net. Subject to P.E. discount as above. Min. ch. : £2 10s. p.a. Large power consumers are charged on a kVA. demand plus unit basis, for which see Board's tariff schedule. Min. ch.: £180 p.a.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

156

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 17. Marlborough .. .. Lighting, heating, cooking, and small power :— Lighting : 6d. per unit. Units per quarter : As per schedule @ 8d. Next 21 @ 2|d. Heating :— Next 180 @ 2d. Units per quarter : 120 @ 3d. \ Shops and Excess @ ljd. Excess @ offices. Schedule—■ Units per quarter : 21 @ 2Jd. j Units per 180 @ 2d. Hotels, &c. Booms. Quarter @ 8d. Excess @ If d. j 5 or less .. .. .. .. 27 Motors :— 6 or 7 .. .. .. .. 30 Units per quarter : 48 per h.p. @ 4d. 8 or 9 .. .. .. .. 33 600 @ 2£d. 10 or more .. .. .. 36 Excess @ 2d. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Water-heating : 8 p.m. to 6.30 a.m., not less than Large power consumers are charged on a kVA. 500 W. on T.S. : 9s. 6d. per 100 W. p.a. demand plus unit basis, for which see Board's Above rates are net. tariff schedule. Min. ch. : £45 per quarter. Above rates are net. Minimum\charges per quarter — Borough and town districts : 7s. 6d. Country areas — 2- and 3-roomed houses, 10s. 4- and 5-roomed houses, 15s. 6- and 7-roomed houses, 20s. 8- and 9-roomed houses, 25s. Over 9-roomed houses, 30s. 18. North Auckland .. .. Lighting: 7d. per unit. Lighting, heating, cooking, and water-heating: As Min. ch.: 4s. per month. for Domestic. Heating and cooking :— Industrial motors :— Units per month : 10 @ 2|d. Units per month : 500 @ 3|d. 10 @ lfd. 500 @ 2Jd. Excess @ 1-i-d. Excess @ 2Jd. Min. ch. : 3s. per month. Min. ch. : 1 h.p. and over, 5s. per h.p. per month. Minimum, 4s.; maximum, 20s. Water-heating :— Restricted — Milking-motors : 3£d. per unit. (a) With range or milking-motor, 17s. per Min. ch. : 6s. per month. 100 W. p.a. on T.S. or C.O.S. (off 4 hrs.). Above rates are net. {b) Without range or milking-motor, 22s. per 100 W. p.a. on T.S. or C.O.S. Unrestricted — 5 2 27s:6d.}p erioow - p- a - Above rates are net. 19. North Canterbury .. Rate " B " : General domestic service (with range Lighting:— over 3 kW.): — Units per month : 80 @ 6d. (a) Consumers guaranteeing 27s. 6d. per month — Excess @ 4d. Units per month : As per schedule @ 6d. Min. ch. : 6s. per month. Next 50 @ 2d. Excess @ ljd. Heating :— (b) Consumers guaranteeing 35s. per month — Units per month : 60 @ 2d. Units per month : As per schedule @ 6d. 60 @ l jd. Next 50 @ 2d. Excess @ Id. Next 100 @ ljd. Min. ch. : 5s. per month ; nil if no power used. Excess @ Id. Schedule — Power Number of "Units per Ordinary rate— Rooms. Month @ 6d. Units per month: 80 @ 3d. 6 and under .. .. 12 120 @ 2d. 7 to 10 .. .. .. .. 20 Excess @ lid. Over 10 .. .. .. .. 30 Min. ch. : 5s. per h.p. per month. Water-heating (on T.S. and thermostat): — Milking-machines— First 600 units per quarter @ £d. per unit. (1) Three-phase motors : £4 per h.p. per year Excess per quarter @ Jd. per unit. plus unit rate as above. Maximum wattage, 3,000. (2) Single-phase motors : 5s. per h.p. per month Min. ch. : Nil under Rate " B " above ; otherwise plus unit rate as above. 5s. per month. Above charges are net. Above charges are net. 20. Opunake .. .. General tariff: — Lighting and heating: As for Domestic. (a) Units per month : 12 per kW. of connected load @ 8d. Industrial motors :— Excess @ 3d. Units per month : 200 @ 3d. Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Excess @ 2d. (b) Alternative rate' — Min. ch. : 5s. per h.p. per month. Units per month : 20 per kW. of connected load @ 8d. Milking-motors :— Excess @ ljd. Units per month : 60 per h.p. @ 4d. Min. ch.: 10s. per month. Excess @ 2d. Discount: 10 per cent. Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Discount on above rates : 10 per cent. Water-heating (net): — £1 per 100 W. p.a. (continuous). 15s. per 100 W. p.a. (on C.O.S.).

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Table XV. —Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38 —continued.

157

Supply Authority. I Domestic. Commercial. . I 21. Otago Central .. Lighting:— Lighting, heating, and cooling—At Domestic rates, Per two months : Fixed charge of 3s. 4rt. per or, alternatively, at the following :— 100 W. connected load, plus 30 @ 4d. Lighting : 8d. per unit. 120 @ 2d. Where heating installed — Excess @ Id. Units per two months : 30 @ 8d. 120 @ 4d. Heating and cooking :— Excess @ 2d. Per two months : Fixed charge of 3s. 4d. per Min. ch. : 2s. per two months. 1,000 W. connected load plus units as for lighting. Industrial and farm motors : Per two months : " ' t Rr -heahng : Fixed charge of 6s. 8d. per h.p., plus units as for £12 per kW. p.a. (continuous) domestic lighting. £6 per kW. p.a. on C.O.S. or T.S. 6 Discounts from 5 to 10 per cent, allowed where consumption exceeds 1,000 units per two months. I 22. Otago .. . . Lighting, heating, and cooking, with range over 3 kW.: — Lighting: 9d. per unit. (а) Units per quarter : 36 @ 9d. 300 @ 2d. Heating :— Excess @ ljd. (a) 3d. per unit. Min. ch. : £4 10s. per quarter. ~~ (6) ljd. per unit on T.S. off peak. (б) Units per quarter : 36 @ 9d. 300 @ 2d. Power :— 300 @ lfd. Units per quarter : 300 @ 4d. Excess @ Id. 240 @ 2d. Min. ch. : £6 per quarter. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : £5 per h.p. p.a. Water-heating :— j Jd. per unit on T.S. for 11 hours per day. 0-4d. per unit on T.S. for 16 hours per day. fd. per unit on T.S. for 22 hours per day. Flat rates on T.S. and thermostat — 750 W. : £5 5s. p.a. 1,000 W. : £6 p.a. 23. Poverty Bay .. .. General tariff (with range): — Lighting:— Units per month : As per schedule @ 4fd. Units per month : 100 @ 4fd. Next 30 @ 2|d. Excess @ 3£d. Next 170 @ Id. Min. ch. : 2s. per montn. Excess @ fd. Schedule:— ' Heating :— Rooms. Apr. to Sept. Oct. to Mar. Units per month : 60 @ 2Jd. TJ ° lt9 - Excess @ ljd. g Min. ch.: 2s. per month. 7 16 12 Cooking:— 8 20 15 Units per month : 30 @ 2Jd. 9 24 18 Next 270 @ Id. 10 28 21 Excess @ jd. 11 32 24 Min. ch. : 2s. per month per kW. connected load 12 and over 36 27 Min. ch : 2s. per month. Dairy water-heating : 15s. per 100 W. p.a. (off peak). Water-heating (all rates quoted are for off-peak Power:— supply) :— Industrial — Flat rate : 19s. per 100 W. p.a. Units per month : 400 @ 2d. Metered : fd. per unit. Excess @ l£d. Min. eh. : 2s. per h.p. per month up to 20 h.p. Is. per h.p. per month thereafter. Milking-motors : 2fd. per unit. Min. ch. as above, but applies only from September to April inclusive. 24. South Canterbury.. .. General tariff (per month) :— Lighting :— Kooms. Units @ 7d. TJnits @ 3d. Units per month : 20 @ 7d. 4 or less 6 12 "| . 40 @ 5d. 5 or less 8 16 Excess @ 4d. 6 or less .. 10 20 Min. ch. : 5s. per month. 7 or less .. 12 24 I Excess units 8 or less .. 14 28 f @ Id. Heahng : 3d per unit. 9 or less .. 16 32 Mm - ch - : 2s - 6d - P er month - 10 or less .. 18 36 Cooking :- J* or ,°T t •' j 1 • 117 pa Units per month : 100 @ 2d. Mm. ch. for lighting and cooking: 17s. 6d. per F FxoeVs (a) Id month. Min , ch _ ; 12s . ed. per month. ' Water-heating :— Power :— With range— Units per month : 80 @ 3d. (a) 13s. 4d. per kW. per month plus 6s. 8d. 120 @ 2d. per month for each kW. in excess (on Excess @ Id. I T.S., 20 to 22 hrs. per day). Muu ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month for farmers. (b) |d. per unit. On C.O.S. Min. ch. : 5s. 5 S _ p er h.p, p er month for commercial. per month. Milking-motors : £3 per h.p. per year plus 2d. 1 1 per unit.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

158

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 25. South Taranaki . . . . Lighting:— Lighting, heating, and cooking: As for Domestic. Units per month : 100 @ 6d. Excess @ 4|d. Industrial motors Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Units per month : 400 @ 3d. Ilmting and cooking Min _ ch _ montlff'undfr Y'h.p., 3s.; ] h.p. Units per month: 15 @ 2d and g h M * P Excess @ ljd. r r 9 Min. ch : 2s. fld. per month. Milking-motors : 3d. per unit. Discount on above rates: Jd. per unit; also Min. ch. : 5s. per month. 5 per cent, off mm. and flat rates. Discount on above rates, as for Domestic. Water-heating, with range or milking-motor : — 15s. per 100 W. p.a. on T.S. or C.O.S. (20 hrs.). 20s. per 100 W. p.a. (continuous). 26. Springs-EUesmere . Lighting and heating:— Lighting: 4d. per unit. Units per month : As per schedule @ 5d. Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Excess @ ljd. c . j i Heating :— Units per Units per month : 80 @ 3d. Booms. Month @ 5d. Excess @ 2d. 5 or less .. .. .. 12 Min. : 5s. pel kW. per month. 6 and over .. .. .. 16 Power ■ Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Under 15 h.p.— „ .. . , ., Units per month : 80 (® 3d. Cooking : \ d. per unit. x , on ® 2d Min. ch.: 2s. per kW. of connected load per month. Excess @" I ,(d „ r . ... „. ,,, Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Water-heating, with range, 2 kW. or over 15 hp and over— (а) Jd. per unit. Min. ch : 2s. 6d. "1 On thermostat Qnite per quarter : 150 per b.h.p. or per kVA. ,M*, Pe i™$ rm ° nth f 0rC ' aS ' of M.D. @ 1 Jd. (б) £1 per 100 W. p.a. .. J Excess <cb id (c) £4 per 1,000 W. p.a. 9 p.m. to 7.30 a.m. on T.S. 10 per cent . discount for P.F. maintenance at 90 per cent, or over. Min. ch. : 7s. 6d. per h.p., or per kVA. per quarter. Milking-motors : 3d. per unit. Min. ch. : £3 per h.p. p.a. 27. Taranaki .. Lighting : 6fd. per unit, net. Lighting, heating, and cooking : As for Domestic. Heating :— Power : 3|d., net, combination meter. . J to 5 h.p. and all milking-motors, 3£d. per unit, lid., net, special meter, with separate mm. 5s. per 5 h . p . and 5s _ * re £ D 11 ™ onth - month, pluslid., net, on cooking-meter. Units per month . 240 @ 3d _ Cooking: lid., net. Excess @ Id. For dairy-factory motors the unit charge is as Water-heating : above, but the M.D. charge is 4s. per amp. per 600 W., £6 p.a. month for first 10 amps, and Is. per amp. in excess 10s. p.a. for each additional 50 W. of 10 amps. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. On 24 hr. service or on T.S. or C.O.S., at Board's option. 28. Tararua .. Lighting : 7d. per unit. Lighting, heating, <Sec. : As for Domestic. Heatinq and cookinq :— , . , • 7 , tt •/ 4.u omniij industrial motors:— Units per month: 200 (a). l*d. tt -a . . OA . Excess @ Id. Units per month : 80 @ 3d Min. ch. : 12s. 6d. per month. ® TT,, j f Excess @ lid. Special rate for lighting and range :— Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Lighting, 7d. Range and heating, Id. Min. ch. : 10s. 6d. per month. Milking-motors : 3id. per unit. Min. ch. p.a. : J h.p., £4; A h.p., £5 ; 1 h.p. and Water-heating—On T.S. (20 hrs.) :— 2 h.p., £6. 750 W., 12s. per month. Dairy water-heaters (on C.O.S. with motor) : — 1,000 W., 15s. 4d. per month. 750 W., £1 10s. per quarter. Continuous : £14 per kW. p.a., or pro rata for 1,000 W., £2 per quarter. smaller size. Above rates are net. Above rates are net. 29. Tauranga . . .. General tariff (includes domestic motors up to Lighting: 5d. per unit. i h.p.) : Units per month : 20 @ 5d. Heating : Id. per unit. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. per month : 4s. 2d. (shops, halls, &c.). Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Alternative rate, with range <2i kW. or over) and 66~<a> 3d water-heater (minimum 500 W.) on continuous W s UD r,i v •_ 66 @ » * >'•" * " —• 1 M,„. , „. 2d. 1! "' Water-heating:— ; Above rates are net. (a) Flat rate : Is. 8d. per 100 W. per month, j continuous. Minimum, 500 W. (b) Metered : per unit. Min. ch. : Is. 6d. per month. Above rates are net.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

159

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 30. Te Awamutu • • ■ • Lighting and small heating loadsLighting: 5d. per unit. Units per month : Active load in kW. X 60 hrs. Min. ch. : '2s. 6d. per month. No minimum for @ 6d. churches and schools. Excess @ 3d. " Active load "=80 per cent, of the first J kW. Power :— of connected load (excluding irons and small (a) 5 a.m. to 5 p.m.— appliances) plus 60 per cent, of the load in excess Units per month : 120 @ 2Ad. of § kW. Min. 150 W. 80 @ 2d. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Excess @ ljd. (b) 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. : 3d. per unit. Heating and cooking : — (c) 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. : fd. per unit. (а) With range of 2|- kW. or more : Id. per unit. Min. ch. : 5s. per h.p. per month up to 5 h.p. ; (б) Without range — 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month for excess. AlternaUnits per month : 30 @ 2d. tive charge where three or more motors total Excess @ Igd. over 15 h.p., 15s. per kVA. of M. 1). per quarter Minimum charge : 5s. per month in each for first 5 kVA. and 7s. 6d. per kVA. for excess, ease. (d) Milking-motors : Rate (a) above. Above rates are net. Water-heating :— 750 W., £4 p.a. r,, Q n n „ 1,000 W., £5 p.a. / 0n T - S> or G -°' S - 750 W., £9 10s. p.a. i aaa iir ii ia > Continuous. 1,000 W., £11 10s. p.a. J The above rates are net. 31. Teviot .. .. .. Tariffs consist of a capacity charge plus a unit charge, Lighting, heating, cooking, and water-heating : As for as follows : — Domestic. Capacity Charge. Lighting: £10 per kW. p.a. Min.: £2 p.a. (200 W.). Motors:— 1 h.p. and over : 33s. per h.p. p.a. (min. £5), for Heating and cooking : 10s. per kW. of installed which 99 units allowed. Excess units at Id. per capacity. unit continuous and 3d. per unit intermittent. Under 1 h.p. (intermittent) : £8 p.a. Water-heating Continuous : £10 per kW. p.a. Intermittent: £6 per kW. p.a. on C.O.S. General-purpose point: 30s. p.a. Not charged for if range installed. Unit Charge. Units per 2 months : 20 @ 3d. 120 @ Id. Excess @ |d. Discount on above rates : 5 per cent. 32. Thames Valley .. .. Lighting : 4£d. per unit. Lighting, heating, cooking, and water-heating: As for Domestic. Heating and cooking :— Units per month : 20 @ 3d. Industrial supply (unrestricted) :— Excess @ Id. Units per month : 100 @ 3d. Min. ch. : Combined supply, 3s. per month. 100 @ 2d. 4,800 @ ljd. Water-heating :— Next 5,000 @ l|d. 13s. less 10 per cent, per 100 W. p.a. on T.S. Next 5,000 @ Id. 24s. per 100 W. p.a. continuous. Next 5,000 @ 0-9d. 9.30 p.m. to 5.30 a.m.: 0-225d. per unit on T.S. Next 5,000 @ 0-8d. Above charges are net. Next 5,000 @ 0-7d. Next 5,000 @ 0-6d. Over 35,000 @ 0-5d. Min. ch. —Unrestricted supply : 20 units per h.p. per month. Alternative Industrial rate (for factories, &e.): — Demand charge per month— First 120 kVA. of M.D. @ 6s. 8d. per kVA. Excess @ 2s. 3d. per kVA. plus Unit charge per month—30,000 @ 0-45d. Excess @ 0-30d. Milking and farm motors : 3d. per unit. Above charges are net. 33. Waimea .. .. .. General tariff: — Lighting: Units per month: 1 per point @ lOd. Next 2 per point @ 7d. Units per quarter : As per schedule @ lOd. Excess @ 5|d. Next 120 @ 3Jd. Next 180 @ 3d. Heating : 4d. per unit, unrestricted. Excess @ 2Jd. 2Jd. per unit, off peak. Min. ch. : 15s. per quarter. Motors :—• Schedule — Units per quarter : 90 per h.p. @ 4fd. Units per 600 @ 3|d. Rooms. Quarter @ 10(1. Excess @ 3d. Up to 3 .. . . 27 Or,— 4 to 5 .. .. 27 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. : 2d. per unit (on T.S.) 6 to 7 .. .. 30 8 to 9 .. 33 Discount on above rates : Id. per unit. Over 9 .. 36 Borough : Rates per month, one-third of country rates per quarter. Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Discount: Id. per unit. Water-heating : £10 per kW. p.a. on T.S. (off peak).

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

160

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 34. Wairarapa .. .. Lighting: 5Jd. per unit net. Lighting:— Units per month : 100 @ 5£d. Heating : 2fd. per unit net. Excess @ 4Jd. Industrial motors : From 2d. to fd. per unit, in When electric range installed : — accordance with M.D. Lighting : 4Jd. per unit net. Milking-motors : 2d. per unit net. Cooking and heating : — Units per month : 100 @ ljd. Excess @ fd. Water-heating :— 9 hrs. : £3 10s. per 1,000 W. p.a. 14 hrs. : £5 5s. per 1,000 W. p.a. 16 hrs. : £6 per 1,000 W. p.a. 21 hrs. : £9 per 1,000 W. p.a. 35. Wairerc .. .. .. Lighting, heating, and cooking :— Lighting, heating, and cooking: As for Domestic. Units per month : 10 @ 9d. 20 @ 2d. Power :— 100 @ Id. General purposes: 4£d. per unit. Excess @ -.'id. Milking-motors— Min. eh. : 5s. per month. Units per month : 67 @ 3Jd. 33 @ 2d. Water-heating :— Excess @ fd. 750 W. : 13s. per month 1 n Above rates are net. 1,000 W. : 15s. per month j -k ' r ' ' k ' Above rates are net. 3 6. Wairoa .. .. .. General tariff: — Power: — Units per month : 10 @ 9d. Units per month : 80 @ 3d. 60 @ 3d. 120 @ 2d. 200 @ 2d. Excess @ ljd. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : 5s. per h.p. per month. Water-heating—750 W. : 25s. per quarter. 1,000 W. : 32s. 6d. per quarter. Milking--motors— On T.S., otherwise 50 per cent, additional charge. 2 or 3 h.p., £16 10s. p.a. up to 600 units; next Min. ch. (residences) : 15s. per quarter. 400 @ 3d. ; excess @ l |d. i or 1 h.p., £8 5s. p.a. up to 300 units; next 200 @ 3d. ; excess @ ljd. 37 Waitaki .. .. .. Lighting, heating, and cooking, with range of over Lighting : (id. per unit up to 7 units per month per 3 kW. 100 W. (Min. 500 W.). Excess @ 3d. Urban area— Discount: 30 per cent. (a) Min. ch. : 10s. per month. Units per month : Units as per schedule Heating: 2d. per unit. Min. ch. : £1 per kW. @ 6d. connected load for the two winter quarters. Excess @ lfd. Discount: 30 per cent. (b) Min. ch. : £1 per month. Units per month : As per schedule @ 6d. Power :— 100 @ lfd. Industrial— Excess @ Id. (a) Units per month — Country areas — 12 per h.p. (or per kVA. of M.D.) @ 3d. (c) Min. ch. : £2 10s. per quarter. Units charged Next 18 per h.p. (or per kVA. of M. D.) @ 2d. as in (a). Next 24 per h.p. (or per kVA. of M.D.) @ (d) Min. ch. : £5 per quarter. Units charged lfd. as in (b). Excess @ Id. Schedule— Min. oh. : 3s. per h.p. per month. Discount: Lamp Load Units per 15 per cent. installed. Month @ 6d. (6) 10 p.m. to 7 a.m.: fd. per unit on T.S. Up to 200 W. . . .. 6 Min. ch. : 2s. per h.p. per month. Discount as Each further 50 W. .. 1 above. Water-heating :—- ' Milking-motors (up to 2 h.p.): £2 per h.p. p.a. Is. per 100 W. per month on C.O.S. plus 2d. per unit. 2s. per 100 W. per month continuous, with range ; Discount: 30 per cent. otherwise 2s. 6d. Metered: Jd. per unit (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) on T.S. Min. ch. : £3 p.a. Discount on all above rates : 30 per cent. 38 Waitemata .. .. Lighting : 4Jd. per unit. Lighting: 15s. per amp. of M.D. per quarter plus 2|-d. per unit. Heating, cooking, and domestic power: — Units per month : 30 @ 3d. Industrial load :— Excess @ lfd. Units per month : 100 @ 3d. Min. ch. : 4s. per month. 100 @ 2Jd. Alternative rate (with range 5 kW. or over): £5 p.a. Excess @ lfd. (8s. 4d. per month) plus Id. per unit. Min. ch. : Nil up to and including 3 h.p. ; over 3 h.p., 5s. per h.p. of connected load per month. Water-heating :— 20 hrs. : 21s. per 100 W. p.a. Min. ch. : £6 6s. p.a. Milking-motors: 5s. per h.p. per month plus 2d. Minimum capacity, 30 gals. per unit. Plat rate remitted from May to 8 hrs. (night) : 6s. 4d. per 100 W. p.a. Min. ch. : October inclusive. £3 16s. p.a. Discount on above rates : 25 per cent. Discount on above rates : 25 per cent.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

11—D. 1

161

Supply Authority. j Domestic. • Commercial. 39. Waitomo .. .. General Tariff (single meter) with range not less Lighting, heating, and cooking : As for Domestic. than kW. :— Units per month : As per schedule @ 5cL Dairy water-heaters :— Next 20 @ 3d. 750 W on C.O.S. : £5 p.a. Min. ch. £1 5s. per Excess @ Id. quarter. Min. ch. : Lighting and heating, 4s. per month ; range, 5s. per month extra. Industrial power :— Up to 50 h.p.— schedule Units per month at 5d. Units per month : 30 per h.p. @ 2Jd. Lamp Load. Oct.-March. April-Sept. x iu 200 W .. 6 8 , Excess @ ljd. 8 10 Min.. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Each additional 100 W. " 2 2 50 h.p. and over-Special contracts : Min. ch., 15s. per h.p. per quarter. Water-heating (600 W. on T.S.) : — With range: £4 16s. p.a. Min. ch. : 24s. per Milleing-motors: 2Jd. per unit. Min. ch. per quarter. month : 1 h.p., 2s. 6d. ; 1£ h.p., 3s. 9d. Without range: £6 p.a. Min. ch. : 30s. per Above rates are net. quarter. Larger elements pro rata. Above rates are net. 40. Wanganui-Rangitikei .. Qeneral tariff :■ —- Lighting :— Units per month : As per schedule @ 5d. Units per month : 50 @ 5d. Next 120 @ IJd. 250 @ 4d. Next 180 @ Id. Excess @ 3d. Excess @ |d. Heating Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per meter per month. Units per month : 300 @ Id. \ On pilot „ , ,' Excess @ |d. J control, schedule Without pilot control: Half lighting rates. Units per Month @ 5d. ° RoomB. May-Oct. Nov.-April. , , . , , ' „ Industrial power :— ■ 0[1 " •' •• I (°) Over 5 h.p. * • _ Units per month: 80 @ 3d. 1 12 120 @ 2d. 2 8 a 400 @ lid. on 20 Excess @ Id. , V '' '' 09 09 Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. '' '' " oa <>a (k) 1 to 5 h.p. : Either as in (a) above, or at or more .. .. 24 24 commercial lighting rates with 2s. 6d. Water-heating ' minimum charge monthly. Flat rate : With range or milking-motor, 15s. per 100 W. p.a. Milking-motors :— Without: 20s. Subject to pilot wire or T.S. With condenser : 1 Jd. per unit. control. Without condenser : 3d. per unit. Metered : £d. per unit. Min. oh.: 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Above rates are net. Above rates are net. City Councils. 1. Christchurch .. .. Lighting:— Lighting Units per month : M.D. in kW. X 40 units @ 4d. Units per month : M.D. in kW. X 40 units @ 4d. Excess @ fd. Excess @ Id. (M.D. = f of load of " active " lamps, excluding Min. ch. : 2s. per kW. per month. pantry, bathroom, &c.) . . ,. , , . ,. Radiators: Offices and shops: 2d. per unit. Lighting, cooking, and domestic appliances :— TTntpU • 1 rf ner unit Where " specified » cooker is installed- Min . ; i s ° per month, only. Units per month : M.D. x 40 units @ 4d. ® xcess @ Industrial supply :— Water-heating 0nitg mQnth . 50 kw _ of M D @ ld (a) 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. : Jd. per unit. Ne^t 1Q0 kw _ @ , d (b) Lnrestricted : per unit. ;; Excess @ Jd., less 10 per cent. (c) Unrestricted : Jd..per unit where specified Farm-motors : 30s. per J h.p. p.a. plus fd. per unit. cooker installed i.e., a cooker of 4 kW. or ch . . 2s> 6d . to ls . 6d . per kW . over and having its own nxed wiring. Min. ch. for domestic supply: Lighting, 2s.; range, 2s. 6d. per month. 2. Dunedin .. .. Lighting, heating, and cooking :— Lighting Primary rate : 4Jd. per unit for 1 \ units every (a) 5d. per unit. two months per 100 sq. ft. floor-space, less (b) Units per month : kVA. of M.D. x 45 @ 5d. 10 per cent. (Max., 2,400 sq. ft.; min., 600 sq. ft.) Excess @ ld. Secondary rate — Heating :— (a) City and boroughs : |-d. per unit. (a) l|d. per unit. (b) Country districts — (b) Units per month : kVA. of M.D. x 50 @ ljd. (i) IJd. per unit. Excess @ Jd. (ii) With min. guarantee of £6 p.a. : ld. Power per unit. Unrestricted — (iii) With min. guarantee of £12 p.a. : Units per month : 50 per h.p. or kVA. of M.D. fd. per unit. @ ljd. Min. ch. : City and boroughs : 20s. p.a. Excess @ Jd. Country districts : 36s. p.a. Milking-motors: £4 p.a. for first h.p., £2 p.a. . for each additional h.p., plus ld. or fd. per Water-heating : ■ unit depending on s,nnual guarantee. (a) 24 hr. service: £10 per kVA. p.a. re s (c) 10 p.m. to 7.30 a.m. : £3 per kVA. p.a. on T.S. (e) On C.O.S. : £6 per kVA. p.a. (/) Meter rate: Eight summer months, Jd. per unit; four winter months, Jd. per unit up to 650 units per kW. per two months; excess @ -|d.

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Table XV. —Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

162

Supply Authority. j Domestic. Commercial. 3. Invercargill .. .. Lighting:— Lighting, cooking, and water-heating: As for (а) 3£d. per 100 sq. ft. illuminated floor-space per Domestic. month (min., 700 sq. ft.); plus secondary charge as follows :— Power :— Units per month : 30 at 2Jd. Rate C. 1 : Units per month : 30 @ 2£d. Next 3,000 @ lid. 3,000 @ l£d. Excess @ ljd. Excess @ ljd. (б) Flat rate : 6d. per unit. C. 2 : 2£d. per unit, 3.30 p.m. to 9.30 p.m. Id. per unit, 9.30 p.m. to 3.30 p.m. Cooking (with range not less than ihW.) : Id. per unit. C. 3 : 2d. per unit, 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. fd. per unit, 9 p.m. to 9 a.m. Water-heating.—Min-max. wattage : 600-3,000. C. 4 : 2£d. per unit, 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. Min. capacity : 20 gals. £d. per unit, 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. (1) Unrestricted : 2s. per 100 W. per month. C. 5 : 6s. per h.p. per month, plus |d. per ! (2) On thermostat: Is. 9d. per 100 W. per month. unit. (3) On T.S. (off 4 p.m. to 9 p.m.)— Discount on above rates : 5 per cent. First 1,000 W. : £5 10s. p.a. Next 1,000 W. : £4 10s. p.a. (4) Metered : M. per unit. Discount on above rates : 5 per cent. 4. Nelson .. .. .. Lighting: 6d. per unit. Lighting:— Units per month : 300 @ 6d. Heating 300 @ 4d. Units per month : 30 @ 4d. Excess @ 3d. 160 @ 3d. Small power :— Excess @ 2d. Units per month : 160 @ 3d. Excess @ 2d. Water-heating :— Large power :— 11 p.m. to 7 a.m.— Units per month : 1,500 to 6,000 @ 1-Jd. (a) ljd. per unit; or Over 6,000 @ lfd. (b) 2s, per 100 W. per month. Restricted between 4 p.m. and 10 p.m. May, Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. June, and July, with 10 per cent, reduction on Discounts : Id. per unit for lighting and |-d. per accounts during these months. unit for power. Min. oh. and discounts : As for Domestic. 5. Palmerston North .. Lighting: 4d. per unit net. Lighting:—5d. per unit for first 5 units per month per 100 Heating and cooking : fd. per unit net. lamp-watts. 3d. excess. Discount: I 2 A per cent. Water-heating :— 21J hrs. : Is. 4d. net per 100 W. per month. Heating : 24 hrs. : 2s. net per 100 W. per month. li 1 '- P er unit. Id. per unit in excess of first 500 units (with range). Min. ch. on any service : 2s. 6d. per month. Discount: 12i per cent. Power . — Units per month : 200 @ 3d. 100 @ 21d. Excess @ lfd. Discount: 12J per cent. Large-power consumers :— Units per month : 600 @ 2d. Excess @ Id. Discount: 12J per cent. Min. eh. on any service : 2s. 6d. per month. 6. Wellington .. . . General tariff: — Lighting:— Units per month : Units as per schedule @ 4d. net. (a) Units per month : 1-600 @ 3|d. Excess @ £d. 601-1,600 @ 2d. Schedule— Over 1,600 @ ljd. Number of Rooms. Less 15 per cent, discount. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Or, Units per month @ 4d. ( h > Units P er month : kVA. demand X 45 @ 5d. 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Excess @ Id Heating : 2d. per unit, less 10 per cent. Water-heating :— p (а) 10.30 p.m. to 7.30 a.m. : 6d. per 100 W. per ower •— ( a ) U n w ra^e •' Units per month —■ 1 320 i x | (б) On thermostat control either at Domestic 040 fi) Id rates or as follows :— A .!®_ 500 W. : £5 p.a. H i nnn w 4?in Over 3,040 @ 0-6d. J ' * P ,a " (6) Demand rate: 6s. per kVA. of M.D. per month up to 50 kVA. 5s. per kVA. of M.D. per month for excess. Plus £d. per unit for all units. Discount: 20 per cent, on unit charge. Borough Councils. 1. Bluff .. .. .. Lighting:— Lighting and heating: As for Domestic. Units per month : 300 @ 6d. net. Excess @ 4d. net. Power :— Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Units per month : 200 @ 3d., net. Excess @ l|d., net. Heating : 2d. per unit net. Large-power consumers : per unit, net. Min. ch., power : 12s. per h.p. p.a.

11*

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

163

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 2. Hamilton .. .. General tariff: — Lighting:— Units per month : As per schedule @ 3d., net. Units per month : 100 @ 5d., net. Next 80 @ net. 100 @ 4d., net. Excess @ Id., net. Excess @ 3d., net. Discount: 10 per cent. Discount: 10 per cent. Min. ch. : 2s. per month. Min. ch.: 2s. per month. Schedule— Units per Month „ kW. Demand. @ 5d. net. Power :— Up to 0-75 .. .. .. 8 Units per month : 300 @ 2d., net. Up to 1-5 .. .. 12 200 @ net. Up to 3 .. .. .. 18 Excess @ Id., net. Up to 5 .. .. .. .. 24 Discount: 10 per cent. Up to 6 .. .. .. .. 30 Min. ch. : 2s. per month. Up to 7 .. .. .. .. 36 Up to 8 and over .. .. .. 42 Water-heating:— (1) 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. on T.S.: 6s. per 100 W. p.a. net. (2) Off peak on T.S. : 19s. per 100 W. p.a. net. (3) Continuous : 20s. per 100 W. p.a. net. Min. eh. "in each case : £3 p.a. 3. Inglewood .. .. Lighting: 6d. per unit, net. Lighting and heating: As for Domestic. Heating : 2d. per unit, net. Power : 2d. and l£d. per unit, net. Domestic, rate : ljd. per unit, net. 4. Kaiapoi .. .. .. Lighting, ironing, dkc. Lighting: As for Domestic. 4d. per unit, 1st April to 30th September. 5d. per unit, 1st October to 31st March. Power : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month, plus. Min. ch.: 4s. per kW. connected load. Units per month : 2 x min. connected load @ 2d. Excess @ Id. _ ,. Max. @ 2d. per unit: £2 per month. Cooking :— 2s. 6d. for first kW. of connected load. Is. for each extra kW. of connected load. Plus ljd. per unit up to connected load minimum and Id. per unit excess. 5. Lyttelton .. .. Lighting:— Lighting and heating: As for Domestic. 4Jd. per unit, net. Min. ch. : 2s. per month. Power :— ■ Heating : —- Units per month : 80 @ 3d. Id. per unit, net. Min. eh. : Is. per month. 120 @ 2d. 160 @ l£d. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : 2s. per h.p. per month. 6. Napier .. .. .. General tariff: —- Lighting:— Units per month : As per schedule @ 6d. Units per month : M.D. X 30 @ 6d. Next 60 @ ljd. Excess @ 2d. Excess @ Id. Less 10 per eent. discount. Discount 10 per cent. (M.D. : 1 kW. min.; 10 kW. max.). Schedule — Units per Radiators and small power :— Eooms - Month @6d. Units per month: 100 @ 3Jd. Up to 5 .. .. .. .. 6 100 @ 2d. 6 ■ • • • • • 8 Excess @ l^d. 7 • ■ • • ■ • 10 Loss 10 per cent, discount. 8 .. .. .. ..12 9 • • • • • • 14 Heating 10 •• ..16 9 p.m. to 4 p.m. (19 hrs.): Id. per unit Less 10 Over 10 .. .. ... ..18 percent. Water-heating :— Power : (а) Is. lOd. per 100 W. per month („) u nits per mont j, . 2 0 per h.p. @ 3Id. (б) Is. 8d. per 100 W. per month (with range). 150 @ 2d. (c) Jd. per unit, net. Excess @ljd. (d) id. per unit, less 10 per cent, (with range). Less 10 per cent, discount, or 12J per cent. for over 2,000 units. (b) Units per month : 500 per kV.A. @ 2£d. Excess @ IJd. Less 10 per cent, discount.

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Table XV. —Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

164

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 7. New Plymouth .. .. General tariff: — Lighting:—Units per month : As per schedule @ 5d. net. Units per month : 50 @ 6d. net. Excess @ Id. net. 450 @ 5d. net. Schedule— Excess @ 4d. net. Average Units used Min. ch. : Is. 6d. per month. per Month. Units @ 5d. net. Not over 6 .. .. 6 Heating and cooking :— „ 10 .. .. 8 Units per month: 50 @ 2d. net. „ 14 .. .. 12 Excess @ Id. net. „ 18 .. .. 16 Min. eh.: Is. 6d. per month. 22 .. .. .. 20 „ 26 .. .. .. 24 Power:— „ 30 .. .. .. 28 (a) Units per month : 50 per h.p. @ 2d. net. „ 34 .. .. 32 Excess @ Id. net. „ 38 .. .. 36 (b) Units per month : M.D. in kVA. X 50 @ 42 ...... 40 2d. net. Over 42 .. .. .. .. 44 Excess @ Id. net. Min. ch. : 2s. per month. Min. ch. : Is. per h.p. connected load. . Water-heating : — (a) 24 hrs. service : £1 per 100 W p.a. up to 1,000 W. (b) Metered : One-third heating rates. (c) With booster element: Heating rates. (d) With range : 25 per cent, reduction. 8. Ohalcune .. .. General tariff: — General tariff (including motors up to h.p.):— Units per Month. Units per Month. 20 or under As per schedule @ lOd. ; excess @ Up to 30 . . As per schedule @ lOd.; excess 3Jd. @ 3fd. 20 to 35 .. As per schedule @ lOd.; next 20 31 to 50 .. As per schedule @ lOd.; next 10 @ 3Jd. ; excess @ 2|d. @ 3fd.; excess @ 2Jd. 35 to 50 .. As per schedule @ lOd.; next 20 51 to 100 .. As per schedule @ 9d. ; next 10 @ 3|d.; excess @ 2d. @ 3fd. ; excess @ ljd. 50 to 75 ..As per schedule @ 9d.; next 20 ] 01 to 200 .. As per schedule @ 8d.; next 50 @ 3Jd.; excess at 2d. @ 2d. ; excess @ IJd. 75 to 100 .. First 10 @ 8d.; next 20 @ 3d. ; 201 or more As per schedule @ 8d. ; next 20 excess @ IJd. Min. ch., 14s. Od. @ 2d. ; excess @ Id. 100 to 175 First 12 @ 8d.; next 40 @ ; Discount: 20 per cent. excess @ Id. Min. ch., 15s. 6d. Schedule : Domestic schedule multiplied by 1£. Over 175 .. First 15 @ 7d. ; next 30 @ Hd.; excess @ Id. Min. ch., £1. Power :— Discount: 20 per cent. Motors up to 10 h.p. : Rates on application. Schedule — Motors over 10 h.p.— A . . 1 to 3 lighting points : First 4 as lighting. Units per month : 200 @ 4d., less 25 per cent. B .. 4 to 7 lighting points : First 6 as lighting. 50 @ 3d., less per cent. C .. 8 to 11 lighting points : First 10 as Excess (ai ljd., less 33J per lighting. cent. D .. 12 or more lighting points : First 12 as Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. lighting. Water-heating :— > Flat rates —Up to 600 W..: £4 p.a. (20 hr. service). ! 12s. per 100 W. p.a. in excess. Metered : £d. per unit. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. 9. Patea .. . . .. Lighting:—- Lighting, heating, cooking, and water-heating: As for Units per month : First 50 @ 7d., net. Domestic. Over 50 all units @ 6d. net. Min. ch. : 3s. per month. Power :— Units per month : 500 @ 3d., net. Heating and cooking :— 500 @ 2|d., net. Units per month : 9 @ 4d., net. 500 @ 2d., net. 24 @ ljd., net. Excess @ Id., net. Excess @ Id., net. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Over 200 @ Id. for all units. Water-heating : 15s. per 100 W. p.a. Min. ch. : 7s. 6d. per month with range or motor. 10s. per month without range or motor. 10. Picton . . .. .. Lighting, heating, and cooking :— Lighting:— Rate C, with range Shops and offices — Units per month : 12 @ 8d. Units per month : 12 @ 8d. (10 during Nov.Exeess @ 2d. Feb.). Min. ch. : 5s. per month. 12 @ 4d. 12 @ 3d. Excess @ 2d. Power : 4d. per unit. Min. ch. : 5s. per month.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

165

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 11. Queenstown .. .. Lighting:— Lighting: As for Domestic. Up to 10 points— Units per month : First 2 per light @ 7d. Power :— Next 2 per light @ 4d. Units per month : 20 @ 4d. Excess @ 2d. 50 @ 3d. Over 10 points— Excess @ 2d. Units per month : First 2 per light (up to 10 Min. ch. and discount: As for Domestic. lights) @ 7d. Next 1 per light (over 10 lights) @ 7d. f 2 per light (up to 10 lights) Plu s J @ 4d - j 1 per light (over 10 lights) t. @ 4d. Excess @ 2d. Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Discount: Id. per unit. 12. Raetihi .. .. .. Lighting:— Lighting, heating, and water - heating : As for Units per month : 150 @ 8d. Domestic. 50 @ 5d. Excess @ 3d. Power :—- Min. ch. : 3s. per month. Rate (a) — Units per month : 300 @ 3d. Heating : Id. per unit. Min. ch. : Is. per month. 700 @ 2Jd. 1,000 @ 2d. Water-heating :— Excess @ ljd. 750 W. : 6s. 3d. per month. 1,000 W. : 8s. 4d. per month. 13. Rangiora .. .. General tariff: —• Lighting, <kc. :— Units per month : 12 @ 5d. Units per month : Sq. ft. floor space divided by 12 @ 2£d. 100 @ 5Jd. 50 @ l£d. Next 50 @ 5d. 100 @ id. Next 250 @ 4d. Excess @ £d. Excess @ 3d. Discount: 7J per cent. Minimum floor space : 1,200 sq. ft. Min. ch. per month : Lighting 3s., plus range 2s. Discount: 7|- per cent. Min. ch. : 3s. per month, per kW. for first 4 kW.; Is. per kW. excess. Radiatoi's (on pilot-wire control) : Id. per unit. Water-heating (on pilot-wire control) :— Discount: 7J per cent. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per Units per month : kW. of M.D. X 60 @ Jd. month. Excess @ -|-d. Discount: 7J per cent. Power :— ■ Units per month : 200 @ 3d. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Discount: 7J per cent. 14. Riccarton . ■ .. Lighting:— Lighting, heating, cooking, and water-heating: As (a) 4d. per unit, net. for Domestic. (b) Units per month : M.D. in kW. X 40 @ 6d. Excess @ Jd. Power : ljd. per unit. Heating and cooking : Jd. per unit, net. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Min. ch. in each case : 2s. 6d. per month. Discount on above rates : 15 per cent. Water-heating (on T.S.): — 12 hrs.: 7s. lid. per 100 W. p.a. 17 hrs.: 12s. 9d. per 100 W. p.a. 22 hrs. : 17s. 8d. per 100 W. p.a. Discount on above rates : 15 per cent. 15. Rotorua (Tourist Dept.) .. Lighting, heating, and cooking (combined tariff): — Lighting :— Units per month : As per schedule at 6d. Units per month : 40 @ 6d. Next 16 @ 3d. 240 @ 5d. Next 32 @ ljd. 720 @ 4d. Excess @ Id. Excess @ 3d. Schedule — Units per Month, Units per Month, Industrial motors, office radiators, dkc. (except during Rooms. @ 0d. Booms. @ 6d. evening hours) „ ' , A " Units per month: 20 @ 3d. I ■■ 6 0 18 980 @ 2d. i " I 12 "22 Excess @ Id. ' in 13 '' 24 Dairy water-heating : £5 per kW. p.a. on C.O.S. ''on Milkina-motors: As for industrial motors. 6 .. 12 14 .. 26 7 .. 13 15 .. 28 8 ..14 Water-heating > — -J-d. per unit " off peak " (on T.S.).

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Table XV. —Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

166

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 16. Stratford .. ■ • Lighting : 8d. per unit for first 2 units per room Lighting :— per month. Units per month : First 3 per 100 W. @ 8d. Excess @ 3d. jHeating and cooking :— Min. high rate : 20. No min. ch. Next 60 units over lighting @ 2d. Excess @ Id. Heating :— No min. ch. Units per month : 40 @ 3d. 60 @ 2d. Water-heating :— Excess @ Id. (а) Is. per 100 W. per month (on T.S., 20 hrs.). Min. eh.: 12s. p.a. (б) 2s. per 100 W. per month (24 hrs.). (c) 6d. per 100 W. per month (night). Power :— Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Units per month : First 20 per h.p. (to 10 h.p.) @ 4d. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : 4s. per h.p. per month up to 3 h.p. 17. Sumner .. .. •• Lighting: 4d. per unit, net Lighting, heating, and water-heating: As for Domestic. J-Uess 2f per cent. Heating : Id. per unit, net J special discount. Power : Id. per unit, net. Less 2-| per cent. special discount. Water-heating :— 10s. per 100 W. p.a. (600 W. min.), 10.30 p.m. to 6.30 a.m. £1 per 100 W. p.a. (600 W. min.), 11.30 p.m. to 3.30 p.m. 30s. per 100 W. p.a., continuous. 18. Taihape .. .. . • General tariff: D.C. supply:— Lighting: 9d. per unit. April-Sept. : 2 units per room per month, plus 1 unit @ 9d., next 24 @ 2Jd., excess @ ljd. Heating—Units per month : 100 @ 2|d. Oct.-March : At above rates, less 4 units @ 9d., Excess @ l|d. next 24 @ 2Jd., excess @ l^d. A.C. lighting : 9d. per unit. Power —Units per month : D.C. : 750 @ 3d. Discount on above rates : 33J per cent. Excess @ l£d. A.C. : 80 @ 6Jd. 100 @ 4fd. Excess @ 3d. Discount on above rates: 33 i per cent. 19. Taumarunui .. . • Lighting : 8d. per unit for units per month = 2 x Lighting : 8d. per unit, net. number of living-rooms (max. 6 ; min. 3 rooms). Heating :— Heating :— Units per month : 20 @ 3d. First 10 over lighting units per month @ 4d. Excess @ 2d. Excess @ 2d. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Discount: Id. per unit. Discount: Id. per unit. Power :— Water-heating :— Units per month : 600 @ 3Jd. On T.S. with 3 kW. range (off \ hr. before sunset to 900 @ 2Jd. 9 p.m.)— 1,500 @ 2d. 500 W. : £6 p.a. 2,500 @ lfd. Each extra 100 W. : £1 p.a. Next 5,500 @ l|d. Min. ch. : 5s. for first 2J h.p. ; Is. per h.p. over. Discount: Jd. per unit. 20. Tauranga .. .. Lighting : 5d. per unit, net. Lighting: As for Domestic. Healing : Id. per unit, net. Heating :— (a) Id. per unit. Water-heating : 2s. per 100 W. per month. (6) Is. 6d. per kW. installed, plus Jd. per unit. Power :— Units per month : 200 @ 2d. 800 @ Id. 10,000 @0-8d. Over 11,000 @ 0'6d. 21. Te Aroha .. .. Lighting, heating, and cooking :— Lighting, heating, and cooking : As for Domestic. Units per month : 25 @ 3d., net. 10 @ 2d., net. Power (not including domestic motors): — Excess @ Id., net. Units per month : 10 per h.p. @ 3d., net. 333 @ 2d., net. Water-heating :— 667 @ ljd., net. (а) With range : Is. Id. per 100 W. per month. Excess @ Id., net. (б) Without range : Is. 3d. per 100 W. per month. Discount: 10 per cent. Discount : 10 per cent.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

167

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 22. Te Puke .. .. Lighting: 6d. per unit. Mm. ch. : 3s. 6d. per month. Lighting: 6d. per unit, net. Heating :— Heating :— Units per month : 40 @ 2d. Units per month : 40 @ 2Jd. Excess @ Id. Excess @ l^d. Min. ch.: 3s. 6d. per month. Min. ch.: 3s. 6d. per month. Domestic concession :— Power :— Eor 30-39 heating units, 3 lighting units free. Units per month : 200 @ 2£d. For 40-49 heating units, 4 lighting units free. Excess @ ljd. For 50-59 heating units, 5 lighting units free. Min. ch. : 4s. per h.p. per month. For 60-69 heating units, 6 lighting units free. For 70 and over heating units, 7 lighting units free. Water-heating :— On T.S.: First 100 W. per month @ 3s. Id.; each additional 100 W. Is. 3d. 24 hr. service : 2s. 8d. per 100 W. per month. 23. Thames .. .. .. General tariff: — Lighting: 6d. per unit. Units per month : 10 @ 6d. 25 @ 3d. Heating :— Excess @ Id. Units per month : 25 @ 3d. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. 75 @ l£d. Excess @ Id. Water-heating :— Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. On T.S. : Is. 8d. per 100 W. per month. Continuous : 2s. 4d. per 100 W. per month. Power :— Min. ch. : 6s. 8d. per month. . Units per month : 80 @ 3d. Above rates are net. 120 @ 2d. 4,800 @ Id. 5,000 @ 0-9d. 5,000 @ 0-8d. 5,000 @ 0-7d. 5,000 @ 0-6d. Excess @ £d. Min. ch. : 5s. per h.p. per month. Above rates are net. 24. Timaru .. .. .. General tariffLighting and heating:— Units per month : As per schedule @ 5d. (a) 4d. per unit. Excess @ Id. (6) Units per month : kW. of M.D. per month, Schedule— Units per Month X 50 @ 4d. Number of Ilooms. @ 5d. Next (kW. of M.D. per 4 or less .. .. 6 month, x 50) @ 2d. 5 .. .. .. 8 Excess @ |d. 6 .. .. .. 10 Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. 7 .. .. .. ..12 8 .. .. .. 14 Power: — 9 .. .. .. 16 Units per month : 50 X h.p. @ 2d. 10 or more .. .. .. 18 Excess @ fd. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Min. eh. : 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. Water-heating : 0-3d. per unit, 16 hrs., controlled. 25. Wairoa .. .. .. Lighting: 5d. per unit. Lighting: 5d. per unit. Lighting, heating, and power (single meter) :— Heating and cooking :—- Units per month : 3 per 100 W. @ 5d. Units per month : 20 @ 2Jd. Excess @ ljd. 200 @ Id. Motors :— Excess @ id. (a) Units per month : 25 per h.p. @ 3d. Excess @ ljd. Water-heating :— (b) Units per month : 500 @ 3d. 700 W. : 13s. 2d. per month. 1,500 @ l£d. 1,000 W. : 18s. 2d. per month. Excess @ Id. Note. —All of the above rates are increased by Min. ch. : 5s. per h.p. per month. 10 per cent., but are also subject to discounts. Note. —AH of the above rates are increased by 10 per cent., but are also subject to discount. 26. Waitara .. .. .. Lighting, heating, and cooking:— Lighting: 7d. per unit, net. Units per month : 10 @ 7d., net. Heating : 3d. per unit, net. 70 @ 2d., net. 2d. per unit, net (off between 5 p.m. and Excess @ Id., net. 7 p.m. daily). Water-heating—750 W.: £5 per annum, net. Power :— Booster heaters : £d. per unit. Units per month : 50 per h.p. @ 3d., net. Excess @ Id., net.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

168

Supply Authority. Domestic. Commercial. 27. Westport .. .. General tariff: — Lighting: Units per month : As per schedule @ 6d., net. Units per month : 20 @ 6d., net. Next 40 @ 3d., net. Excess @ 5d., net. Excess @ Id., net. Heating :— Schedule — Units per month : 40 @ 3d., net. Units per Month Excess @ Id., net. Booms. @ 6d. net. Power : 4 or less .. .. 8 Units per month : 27 per h.p. @ 3d., net. 5 and 6 • • ■ • . . 9 200 @ 2£d., net. 7 and 8 .. .. 10 Excess @ 2d., net. 9 and 10 .. .. ..11 Min. ch. : Borough, 2s. per h.p. per month; 11 or more .. .. 12 county, 2s. fid. per h.p. per month. Min. ch. : Borough, 3s.; county, 5s. per month. Water-heating : Is. per 100 W. per month (24 hrs.). 28. Whakatane .. .. Lighting and healing Lighting, heating, cooking, and water-heating: As Units per month : 12 @ 8d. for Domestic. Excess @ 2d. Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Power :— ■ Units per month t 100 @ 3|d. Cooking : ljd. per unit. 200 @ 2Jd. Min. ch. : 2s. 6d. per month. Excess @ l^d. Water-heating : £1 per 100 W. p.a. (24 hrs.). 29. Whangarel .. ,. Lighting :— Lighting and water-heating: As for Domestic. Units per month : 100 @ 4|d., net. Expess @ 4d., net. Power :— Domestic power : Id. per unit. Units per month : 100 @ 2£d., net. 100 @ lfd., net. Water-heating : £1 per 100 W. p.a. Excess @ ljd., net. Town Boakds. 1. Kaponga .. .. Lighting and heating:— Lighting, heating, and cooking : As for Domestic. Units per month : 10 @ 8d., net. 10 @ 4d., net. Industrial motors : 4d. per unit, net. Excess @ 2d., net. Cooking : ljd. per unit, net. Milking-motors :— Units per season : 1,100 @ 3Jd., net. Water-heating : £1 per 100 W. p.a. Excess @ 2d., net. 2. Mangaweka .. .. Lighting: 7d. per unit. Lighting, heating, cooking, and water-heating: As Min. ch. : 3s. 6d. per month. for Domestic. Heating :— Power : 4d. per unit. Unijs per month : 50 @ 2Jd. Excess @ l|d. Cooking:— Units per month : 300 @ l£d. Excess @ Id. Water-heating :— (a) 10s. per 50 W. p.a. (T.S., 20 hrs.). (b) 7s. 6d. per 50 W. p.a. (range). 3. Manunui.. .. .. General tariffLighting: 9d. per unit. Units per month : As per schedule @ 9d. Excess @ 4Jd. Heating and cooking : 4Jd. per unit. Schedule — Rooms. Units @ 9d. Rooms. Units @ 9d. 3 6 7 .. 14 4 ..8 8 ..16 5 ..10 9 ..18 6 . . 12 10 .. 20 Couhty Councils. 1. Heathcote .. .. Lighting:— Lighting, heating, and water - heating: As foi Cashmere area : 4d. per unit. Domestic. Mount Pleasant area : 5d. per unit. Power:— Heating and cooking ( a ) Up to 3 h.p.— Cashmere area : |d. per unit. Units per 2 months : 400 @ 2d. Mount Pleasant area : Id. per unit. Excess (a) Id (b) Over 3 h.p.— Water-heating : Units per 2 months : 160 @ 3d. 18 hrs. : £8 per kW. p.a. per unit if metered). 240 @ 2d. 11 hrs.: |d. per unit. Excess @'ld. Above charges are net. Min. ch. : 2 h.p. or under, 3s. 6d. per month. Over 2 h.p., 5s. per month. 2. Kaikoura .. .. Lighting: 9d. per unit, net. Power: 4d. per unit. | Min. ch. : 5s. per month. Min. ch. : 5s. per month.

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Table XV.—Abridged Schedule of Tariffs for Electrical Energy, 1937-38—continued.

169

Supply Authority, Domestic. Commercial. 3. Murchison .. .. Lighting : 7s. per month for 12 lighting and 2 heating Lighting, heating, and cooking : As for Domestic. points, plus 4d. per unit. rr „ , . Power: — Heating : 3d. per unit, net. £3 per h>p p a ; plus 3d per unit for first 40 units Cooking : 2d. per unit, net. P er month and 2d. per unit for excess. Water-heating : — Milking-motors : £6 per h.p. p.a., plus unit charges 15s. per 100 W. p.a. on T.S. or O.O.S. as above. 20s. per 100 W. p.a. continuous. 4. Uawa .. .. .. Lighting: 17d. per unit. Power: lid. per unit. Heating : lid. per unit. 5. Waimairi .. .. General tariff: — Power: — Assessed units : According to connected load @ Units per month : 100 @ 2d. 4d. per unit; excess @ Id. per unit. No Excess @ Id. min. ch. Off from sunset to 10.30 p.m. Discount: Id. per Is. Min. ch.: 2s. 6d. per h.p. per month. ,,, , , .. Discount: Id. per Is. (I ater-heahng :— 1 (a) Metered, unrestricted: id. per unit Milking-motors /k\ r\ rrQ* '/iq f \ * per mon i. p.a., plus Id. per unit (off from sunset (b) On T.S. (18 hrs.) : 10s. per kW. per month. , L 10 on J;™ \ (c) On T.S. (12 hrs.): 5s. per kW. per month. Discount • Id per Is (d) On T.S. (10 hrs.): 3s. 6d. per kW. per month. P Companies. 1. Alderton Utility Co. .. General tariff:— Power: £5 per h.p. a. Units per month : 20 @ 7d. 30 @ 3d. 50 @ ljd. 100 @ ljd. Excess @ Id. Min. ch. : 10s. per month. Water-heating :— 20s. per 100 W. p.a., with pro rata reduction m charge where T.S. in use. 8.30 p.m. to 6.30 a.m. : 5s. per 100 W. p..a. Above charges are net. 2. Kanieri Electric, Ltd. .. Lighting :— Power : — Units per month : 200 @ 6d., net. Rate PA— Excess @ 4d., net. Units per month: 80 @ 3d., net. Min. ch. : 4s. per month. 80-200 @ 2-67d., net. Heating, cooking, and domestic power : Id. perunit, net. l^OOO-^^oVi^'id^net Min. ch. : 4s. per month. 3^00-4,000 @ Id.,"net.' Water-heating : — 4,000-6,000 @ 0-4d., net. Continuous, with thermostat, and approved sys- Rate PB— tem : Jd. per unit, net. Where consumption exceeds 6,000 units per Unapproved systems : fd. per unit,, net. month : £15 per month, plus 0-4d. per unit. On T.S. or C.O.S.: fd., net. 3. Kohukohu (L. Keys) .. Lighting, &c. : Is. per unit. Lighting, &c. : Is. per unit. 4. Reefton Electric Light and Lighting : 9d. per unit. Power :— Power Co., Ltd. Units per month : 80 @ 3d. Heating : 4d. per unit. Excess @ ljd. 5. Rawene Motors, Ltd. .. Lighting : Is. per unit. Power: 6d. per unit. Heating : 6d. per unit. 6. Wilson's (N.Z.) Portland Lighting:— Lighting: As for Domestic. Cement, Ltd. Units per quarter : 150 @ 5Jd„ net. Power n . , . ® xoess @ '" >( '' ' l10 '" (a) Units per quarter : 300 @ 3d., net. Domestic power: lid. per unit, net. F Exoe Vs @ 2Jd„ net. Water-heating : Jd. per unit on C.O.S. (b) lfd. and ljd. per unit. Discount on above rates : 3 per cent. Discount on (a) and (b) : 3 per cent. Min. ch. : 5s. per quarter. (c) £1 10s. per kVA. of M.D. per quarter, plus Jd. per unit. Discount: 10 per cent. Min. ch.: 5s. per quarter. 7. Westland Power, Ltd. .. Lighting : 9d. per unit where water-heater, range, Lighting, &c. : As for Domestic. or motor of 2 h.p. or over in use; otherwise, Is. per unit. Power :— Min. ch.: 8s. per month. Up to 15 h.p. day load — TT ,. ... 01J Units per month: 100 @ 4d. Heating : 3d. per unit; with range, 2Jd. per unit. r Excess & 2d Min. ch. : 2s. 8d. per month. „ j.i. r Mm. ch. : 6s. per h.p. per month. Cooking : 2£d. per unit. Milking-plants : £10 per h.p. p.a. if water-heater Min. ch. : 4s. 3d. per kW. connected load. installed and on C.O.S. . , .. Discount on above rates : 25 per cent. Water-heating :— r Metered : 1 Jd. per unit. Min. ch. : 4s. 3d. per kW. Flat rate : £1 6s. 8d. per 100 W. p.a. for approved systems with thermostat and C.O.S. Discount on above rates : 25 per cent.

D.—l.

Table XVI.—Samoan Administration (Apia).— Statistics for Year ended 31st March, 1938. Installed in December, 1928.

170

Statistical. J 1935. 1936. | 1937. 1938. Financial. I 1935. ■ 1936. 1937. 1938. £ £ £ £ Installed capacity (hydro) .. .. j 80 kW. 80 kW. 80 kW. 80 kW. Capita] outlay .. .. .. 21,580 22,843 23,371 22,974 Installed capacity (oil) .. .. .. j .. 45 kW. 45 kW. 45 kW. Loan liability .. .. .. 13,331 12,171 10,748 7,769 Static head .. .. .. .. ! 192 ft. 192 ft. 192 ft. 192 ft. Revenue from sale of electricity 3,676 3,865 4,111 4,641 Generating voltage .. .. .. 2,200 volts 2,200 volts 2,200 volts 2,200 volts Revenue, miscellaneous .. .. 843 639 686 719 Supply voltage .. .. .. 220/110 volts 220/110 volts 220/110 volts 220/110 volts Working-expenses .. .. .. 1,058 1,177 1,448 1,566 Number of consumers (domestic) .. .. 214 256 294 275 Capital charges .. .. .. 1,887 1,800 1,755 1,506 Number of consumers (commercial) .. 74 82 85 113 Total annual costs .. .. .. j 2,945 2,977 3,203 3,072 Units generated (hydro) .. .. 200,911 208,429 223,162 237,148 ! Profit .. .. .. .. 1,574 1,527 1,594 2,288 Units generated (oil) .. .- .. .. .. .. .. Accumulated Depreciation Reserve .. 1 7,895 9,128 10,366 11,416 Units sold .. .. .. .. 164,912 165,031 186,310 205,058 id. d. d. d. Units non-productive .. .. .. 17-9 per cent. 20-8 per cent. 16-51 per cent. 32,090 Average revenue per unit sold .. .. 5-35 5-62 5-30 5-43 Maximum load .. .. .. 70 kW. 65 kW. 74 kW. 77 kW. Average working-cost per unit sold .. 1-54 1-71 1-87 1-83 Connected load .. .. 234 kW. 238 kW. 321 kW. 337 kw. . Average total cost per unit sold .. I 4• 29 4-33 4-13 3-60 Average load factor .. .. .. 32-9 per cent. 36-4 per cent. 34-45 per cent. 35-17 per cent. £ £ £ £ Demand factor .. .. .. 29-8 per cent. 27-3 per cent. 23-05 per cent. 22-85 per cent. Capital outlay per £1 of revenue .. 4-78 5-08 4-87 4-29 Route-miles of reticulation — Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Overhead .. .. .. .. 10| 10J 10£ 11| Ratio working-expenses to gross revenue J 23-40 26-13 30-20 29-22 Underground.. .. .. .. 6J 6f 6f 7 Ratio capital charges to capital outlay .. 8-74 7-88 7-51 6-56 Ratio net profit to capital outlay .. 7-30 6-68 6-82 9-96

D.—l.

NORTH ISLAND POWER SYSTEM. UNITS GENERATED PER WEEK.

171

D—l.

NORTH ISLAND POWER SYSTEM. MAXIMUM WEEKLY LOADS.

172

D.—l.

SOUTH ISLAND POWER SYSTEM. UNITS GENERATED PER WEEK.

173

D.—l.

SOUTH ISLAND POWER SYSTEM. MAXIMUM WEEKLY LOADS.

174

D.—l.

APPENDIX E.

FOURTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MAIN HIGHWAYS BOARD. The Hon. Minister of Public Works. Sir,— In accordance with the requirements of section 24 of the Main Highways Act, 1922, the Main Highways Board has the honour to submit its fourteenth annual report for presentation to Parliament. The report covers the period from the Ist April, 1937, to the 31st March, 1938, though a number of matters referred to are subsequent to the latter date and are included for convenience and completeness of record. General. The present length of main highways maintained or subsidized by the Board is 12,136 miles, and particulars of expenditure for the year ended 31st March, 1938, as well as a detailed statement on the position of various works, are shown later in this report. Of the total length of main highways, 3,921 miles have been classified as State highways, and subsequent reference is made in the report to activities and expenditure in respect of State highways. The total expenditure from the Main Highways Account for the financial year ended on the 31st March, amounted to £4,113,046, compared with £3,114,196 for the year immediately preceding. These figures include a number of charges against the account under special legislative authority and which are not directly related to matters covered by the Main Highways Act, 1922. The total amount of £4,113,046 expended during the year 1937-38 constitutes a record in the Board's history. Increased costs, both as regards wages and materials, have contributed in some degree towards this grand total, but, notwithstanding these considerations, a very substantial programme of work has been undertaken during the year under review. Particulars relating to improvement or reconstruction operations are described later herein under the heading " Progress Report." From the registrations of motor-vehicles and the importations of motor-spirits during the past financial year it may be claimed that the year was an outstanding one from the standpoint of roading authorities in that the density of traffic was greater than has ever been the case previously. Personnel. During the year Mr. T. A. Barrow, Chief Accountant of the Public Works Department, resigned as a member of the Board consequent upon his appointment as Air Secretary. The Board placed on record its appreciation of the services rendered by Mr. Barrow during his period of membership. The vacancy was filled by Mr. J. W. Scott, who succeeded Mr. Barrow as Chief Accountant of the Public Works Department. Legislation. The only new legislation passed since last report and directly affecting the Board's administration was Section 12 of the Finance Act, 1937. This section empowered the Minister of Finance to borrow up to an additional amount of £2,000,000 for the purposes of construction or reconstruction of main highways, making the total loan authority for highways £8,000,000. Finance. The actual income of the Main Highways Account from revenue sources for the financial year 1937-38 amounted to £2,607,027. The table below shows how this amount is made up, and also the corresponding figures over the previous nine years. In addition to this amount, £1,676,800 was borrowed for main highways. The annual loan charges against the Main Highways Account increased from £307,516 for the year 1936-37 to £338,494 for the year 1937-38

175

— 1928-29. 1929-30. 1930-31. | 1931-32. 1932-33. | 1933-34. 1934-35. 1935-30. 1936-37. 1937-38. ! I ££££££££££ Transfer from Consoli- 35,000 35,000 ******** dated Fund Proceeds of tax on 196,747 155,722 129,188 84,649 63,253 62,979 91,693 93,308 138,894 158,526 tires and tubes collected through the Customs Department Registration and license 341,017 378,135 397,139 372,224 354,216 354,444 355,990 397,606 545,763 523,853 fees of motorvehicles, &c. Motor-spirits tax .. 730,414 873,369 1,219,209 1,231,202 644,126 669,868 970,506 1,449,1251,697,9421,918,486 Mileage-tax .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,133 1,284 1,616 3,290: 6,162 Totals .. 1,303,178 1,442,226 |l,745,536 1,688,075 1,061,595 1,088,424 1,419,473 1,941,655 2,385,889 2,607,027 | * Further transfers abolished by amending legislation.

D.—l.

It will be noted that income from revenue sources for the year 1937-38 was £221,000 greater than for the year immediately preceding when the amount was the highest on record. The receipts from the Customs tax on tires and tubes amounted to approximately £20,000 more than for the previous year, and is the largest sum obtained from this source since the year 1928-29. Compared with last year, registration and license fees, &c., show a small decrease as regards the amount paid into the Main Highways Account for the financial year ended on 31st March, 1938. Actually the number of vehicles registered was greater than for the preceding year, but the difference in revenue credited for highways purposes is due to the fact that this revenue is collected in the first instance by the Post and Telegraph Department. The amounts shown in the statements relate only to the period covered by the financial year and exclude balances not transferred to the Main Highways Account within that particular period. The proceeds from motor-spirits taxation were £220,000 in advance of the amount received under this heading in the previous year, and represent the largest sum which has been credited to the Main Highways Account in any one year up to the present. Revenue from the mileage-tax levied in respect of motor-vehicles using other than motor-spirits; and trackless trolly-omnibuses, increased by nearly £3,000, or approximately double the amount received in the previous year. The steadily growing income from this source over the past few years indicates particularly the increasing use of passenger and general transport vehicles having Diesel or electricity power units. The gross importations of motor-spirits since 1927 have been as follows, and these figures are usually accepted as providing an index of maintenance and construction requirements: — Gallons. Gallons. 1927 (January to December) .. 48,000,000 1933 (January to December) .. 55,400,000 1928 „ .. 54,500,000 1934 „ .. 64,600,000 1929 „ .. 62,400,000 1935 „ .. 65,300,000 1930 „ .. 68,300,000 1936 „ .. 86,800,000 1931 „ .. 61,800,000 1937 „ .. 85,700,000 1932 „ .. 58,400,000 It will be seen that for the last calendar year the gross total importations are somewhat less than for the preceding year. The decrease is not reflected in the revenue from this source owing to the fact that considerable importations occurred during the latter months of the financial year 1937-38. The receipts from motor-spirits taxation for the financial year, as shown in the income table set out earlier in this report, are a definite indication of the very substantial increase in mileage travelled by motor traffic. The following is a summary of expenditure from the Main Highways Account for the year ended 31st March, 1938 Expenditure. Maintenance— £ North Island . . . . . . . . . . .. 713,882 South Island . . . . . . . . .. .. 360,230 Renewals — North Island .. .. .. .. .. .. 95,385 South Island . . . . . . . . .. .. 42,889 Construction and improvements — North Island .. .. .. .. 1,270,546 South Island .. .. .. . . .. 909,781 Administration and general charges .. .. .. .. 175,312 Loan charges (including commutation of toll-gate charges and of Hutt Road fees) .. .. . . .. . .. . . 338,493 Subsidy on rates .. . . . . . . . . . 206,528 4,113,046 An analysis of the expenditure for 1937-38 by the Board and by local authorities on maintenance of main and State highways, as distinct from renewals, construction, interest on loans, and other overhead charges, is shown in the tabulation below : —

176

j , I Percentage Percentage tj „ Local i -t)__ *? Local „ (ta , 1 Anthorities' Total. n . , s . Authorities' Contribution. n . Contribution „ , Contribution. I . , , Contribution to Total. to Tota] £ £ £ North Island .. .. .. 713,882 93,236 807,118 88-45 11-55 South Island .. .. .. 360,230 60,207 420,437 85-68 14-32 Total .. .. 1,074,112 153,443 1,227,555 87-51 12-49 I

D.—l.

An analysis of the actual expenditure by the Board on maintenance in each Island, as compared with the number of motor-vehicles in each Island at the 31st March, shows the following comparisons for the last ten years :—

Note. —Prior to 1936-37 these percentages relate rather to expenditure from the Revenue Fund, but as from Ist April, 193.6, true maintenance figures have been recorded. The following table shows an analysis of expenditure for the year 1937-38 by the Board and by local authorities on renewals in respect of main and State highways : —

An analysis of the Board's expenditure and the expenditure by local authorities for the year 1937-38 on improvements and construction shows the following position in respect of main and state highways : —•

The following tabulation shows the amounts which have been provided by the Board and the local authorities on maintenance, renewals, and construction during the last ten years in respect of the complete highways system : —

12—D. 1.

177

1928-29. 1929-30. 1930-31. 1931-32. 1932-33. 1933-34. 1934-35 j 1935-36. 1936-37. 1937-38. North Island— Maintenance expen- 66-13 62*30 59-23 62-31 62-84 63-80 65-44 64-80 66-82 66-46 diture Motor-vehicles .. 63-08 63-63 63-84 63-77 63-78 63-94 64-31 64-84 65-30 65-70 South Island— Maintenance expen- 33-87 37-70 40-77 37-69 37-16 36-20 34-56 35-20 33-18 33-54 diture Motor-vehicles .. 36-92 36-37 36-16 36-23 36-22 36-06 35-69 35-16 34-70 34-30

T . Percentage of Percentage of Board's . , m + 1 Board's Coil- Local Authorities' Contribution. Authorities lotal. tribution to Contribution to Contribution. Total . Total. I £ £ £ North Island .. .. .. 95,385 10,642 106,027 89-96 10-04 South Island 42,889 2,786 45,675 93-90 6-10 Totals .. .. 138,274 13,428 151,702 91-14 8-86

—- I — j ,, Local Percentage of r >erc ® n *®'S e , p ® 0 ?/ ,? Authorities' Total. Board's Contri- Pontrihntion trf Contribution. Contribution . bution to Total. ContnbuUon to I I I . ' £ £ £ North. Island .. .. 1,270,546 70,837 1,341,383 94-72 5-28 South Island .. .. 909,781 23,960 933,741 97-43 2-57 Totals.. .. 2,180,327 94,797 2,275,124 95-83 4-17

1928-29. 1929-30. 1930-31. 1931-32. 1932-33. 1933-34 1934-35. 1935-36. 1936-37. 1937-38. £££££££ £ £ £ Maintenance by Board .. 756,3991,049,249 872,577 849,734 600,324 674,026 932,6751,190,179 900,731*1,074,112* Maintenance by loca! autho- 284,526 375,849 317,839 215,568 168.466 187,735 226,554 284,423 196,023* 153,443* rities Construction by Board .. 936,1481,007,957 667,902 361,969 159,.,23 198,295 325,483 428,0841,501,261f 2,318,600f Construction by local autho- 214,155 203,148 150,984 94,973 43,181 55,997 57,975 78,263 103,2601" 108,225f rl^Ie Totals .. .. 2,191,2282,636,2032,009,3021,522,244 971,2941,116,0531,542,6871,980,9492,701,275 3,654,380 Percentages. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Maintenance by Board .. 72*7 73'6 73*3 79*8 78*1 78*2 80*5 80*7 82*1 87*5 Maintenance by local autho- 27*3 26*4 26*7 20*2 21*9 21*8 19*5 19*3 17*9 12*5 Construction by Board .. 81*4 83*3 81 *6 79*2 77*6 7-7*0 84*9 84*5 93*6f 95*5f Construction by local autho- 18*6 16*7 18*4 20*8 22*4 23*0 15*1 15*5 6 *4*)" 4*5f rities * These figures represent true maintenance expenditure, whereas in preceding years expenditure under the Revenue Account was shown. t These figures and percentages relate to renewals and construction; previously renewals have been absorbed in both maintenance and construction.

d.—i.

The maintenance figures in the above tabulation exclude indirect charges such as supervision, interest, &c., but include the cost of earthquake and flood-damage restoration. It will be noticed that expenditure on constructional work was approximately £800,000 greater than in the previous year, and further that the proportion found by local authorities continued to diminish,- particularly in respect of construction work, to which the local authorities contributed only 4-5 per cent. The following statement shows the total expenditure by the Board in each Island on both maintenance and construction for the financial year ended 31st March, 1938, the latter including renewals. The figures take into account administration charges, but exclude interest on highways loans —

Maintenance. The total maintenance expenditure by the Board and by local authorities during the financial year 1937-38 amounted to £1,227,555, which is equivalent to an average of £101-2 per mile over the total main highways system of 12,136 miles. During the year immediately preceding, maintenance expenditure by the Board and local authorities amounted to £1,096,754, which was equivalent to an average of £90-5 per mile. The increase in total expenditure for the year under review is an indication that roading authorities were required to intensify maintenance in order to maintain highways for the greater amount of traffic. In the last report it was stated that additional plant had been obtained or ordered for the Board's use in maintaining highways under its direct control, including the State highways system. This year a similar statement can be made relative to the acquisition of plant by local authorities for the maintenance of highways under their control. Throughout the past year the Board has executed with local bodies several hire-purchase agreements in respect of up-to- 'ate maintenance equipment, and there is no doubt that local bodies generally are devoting more attention to highway and road maintenance. This condition of affairs is particularly pleasing to the Board by reason of the fact that since its inception it has continually emphasized the necessity for regular, systematic, and adequate maintenance, but sometimes without a very successful response. During the past few years the amount of traffic on main highways has increased tremendously, as may be judged from the fact that the registrations of motor-vehicles were greater than ever before, while the importation of motor-spirits also exceeded previous returns. In consequence additional maintenance operations were required to prevent rapid deterioration of highway surfaces, more especially in the case of gravelled roads. The standard of maintenance throughout the highways system shows an improvement, although this condition is qualified by a few exceptions where the local body is severely handicapped by financial limitations, notwithstanding preferential assistance from the Board. For some time past the Board has been endeavouring to facilitate the maintenance of gravelled highways by providing metal supplies from which requirements could be drawn without payment of royalty charges. In some measure this has contributed towards the higher standard of gravelled surfaces and the strengthening of weak metal crusts. The application of suitable maintenance metal, combined with more frequent gradings, has done much towards producing a better-class road as well as a better class of maintenance. There is still a tendency in some quarters to spread unnecessarily large metal which will not bind under fast-moving motor traffic, but this practice is definitely disappearing in favour of the use of properly graded material, including fines, which produces a good running surface and reasonably withstands wear-and-tear. In order to assist field officers and local authorities' staffs in the stabilization of metalled surfaces the Board issued for general information a statement prepared by the Highways Engineer relative to the use of fine materials of good cohesive variety. It has not always been sufficiently appreciated that under fast-moving motor traffic fine material is lost from the road surface, and unless this is replaced at appropriate intervals, the wearing-course becomes loosened to the extent that a relatively stable crust is impossible. Consequently the lack of any binding element causes the dispersement of larger fractions, resulting in the eventual loss of the upper wearing-course. In one case the whole of the top course was lost, leaving only a hard, uneven base of spawls. This was satisfactorily remedied by the application of a properly graded wearing-course containing an adequate proportion of fine material of cohesive quality, and an even-running surface was thus restored. Flood Damage. During the financial year under review a considerable amount of flood damage occurred throughout the main highways system. Generally speaking, it is always to be anticipated that minor damage, arising from seasonal floodings, will occur, and such damage is usually regarded as an accepted contingency in highway maintenance. However, exceptional conditions have been experienced in

178

Expenditure rp t ] Percentage _ » a A. Cniuon. -*a«* «»b u»d. ' —— - | £ £ £ North Island .. .. .. 750,785 1,436,537 2,187,322 61-30 South Island 378,831 1,001,872 1,380,703 38-70 Totals .. .. 1,129,616 2,438,409 3,568,025 100-00

12*

D.—l,

quite a number of districts, resulting in damage of a much more extensive nature than usual. Extraordinarily heavy rainfall in concentrated areas caused major flooding, and severely damaged works which were not designed to meet the conditions which arose. Highways are designed with due regard to local conditions, and with reasonable allowance for a margin of safety, and this especially applies to structures such as bridges and culverts. However, the circumstances which produced some of the flooding during the past year were without precedent, and even, had it been possible to anticipate them it is obvious that it would not have been practicable, even at great expense, to overcome the position. In some instances steep hillsides were heavily scoured by the intense rainfall which amounted to as much as 32 in. in three days, bringing down enormous quantities of silt, rocks, and debris which the natural watercourses could not possibly carry. Some indication of the siltation which occurred is seen in the fact that, after the Hawke's Bay flood, up to 5 ft. of silt remained on the highway in the Esk Valley, where prior to the flood the roadway was several feet higher than the natural waterway in the valley. Also in the East Coast district north of Gisborne a deposit of silt, some feet in depth, was left on the main highway after flooding had occurred. The abnormal hydraulic conditions caused heavy scouring in rivers and streams, with consequent damage to bridges and culverts. In a few cases it was remarkable to find that concrete culverts remained bare but intact after the flood-waters had washed away the approaches, even where they had been in comparatively solid country. The sudden disorganization of road transport necessitated urgent measures to open up detours or otherwise restore communications, and the staff of the Public Works Department lost no time in carrying out temporary repairs. Mobile plant was quickly obtained from other districts in order to remove slips and rebuild the damaged highways, temporary bridges were constructed, and railway viaducts and bridges, where available, were converted for the temporary use of road vehicles. The work of complete restoration is proceeding, and new road structures will be built as soon as circumstances permit. Renewals and Improvement. For the financial year covered by this report expenditure on renewals amounted to £138,274, compared with £106,404 for the previous year, and expenditure on improvements, including construction and reconstruction, amounted to £2,180,327, as against £1,394,857 for the preceding year. As explained on previous occasions, progress in connection with the renewal of decayed or obsolete bridges is governed to a large extent by the availability of materials and the rate at which designs can be completed. Difficulty in obtaining supplies of reinforcing steel has proved a very real handicap, and construction work has been considerably delayed on this account. Other urgent public works have made great demands on the limited staff engaged on design, and, unfortunately, it has not been possible to overcome the position because efficient and trained technical staff cannot be procured. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made with bridge renewals, as will be seen from the fact that during the year under review new bridging totalling 11,000 lineal feet was completed. The past season was very favourable for bituminous surfacing work, and 288 miles of main highways received an initial paved surface, bringing the total length of dustless highways up to 2,415 miles, which is practically 20 per cent, of the main highways system. In addition to this new paving, a considerable amount of maintenance sealing or other bituminous treatment was carried out on sections which were paved several years ago, the surfaces of which were in need of reconditioning to prevent undue damage from increased traffic. It is proposed to continue the policy of dustless paving as far as possible, especially where maintenance costs on gravelled sections are relatively high and where the dust nuisance is a menace to traffic safety. Reconstruction work in the direction of widening and realignment has been continued, and last year 330 miles were improved and 240 miles were metalled. Details of these works are described more particularly in the progress report included later herein. The table below shows the extent and types of work carried out on the main highways system by the Board and local authorities each year since the Board commenced active operations in 1924 : —

179

1* n ii- m j Road-and- Bituminous _> _ti j Formation Gravelling lar and plant . mix Macadam Bituminous 1 PortIal \ d - T) . , Year. and and Bituminous Bituminous (Penetra . Concrete. ' ;emen ( t Bnd S es - Widening. Metalling. Sealing. Surfacing tion) _ Concrete. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. Ft. 1924-25.. .. 19 63 6 .. 6 .. .. 2,434 1925-26.. ..45 88 16 45 4 6 5,168 1926-27.. .. 174 151 35 .. 38 12 16 6,408 1927-28.. .. 173 133 83 .. 34 .. 6 7,760 1928-29.. .. 224 185 122 .. 51 14 11 9,482 1929-30.. .. 173 179 133 .. 39 31 12 7,547 1930-31.. .. 130 128 95 .. 41 14 9 11,175 1931-32.. .. 139 69 129 32 9 3 4,062 1932-33.. .. 56 45 72 .. 8 .. .. 3,178 1933-34.. .. 44 28 75 .. 7 .. 1 4,988 1934-35.. .. 113 69 172 27 3 2 6,641 1935-36.. .. 152 98 245 91 2 .. .. 8,718 1936-37.. .. 272 131 184 67 3 .. .. 9,575 1937-38.. .. 329 j 241 282 49 .. .. .. 11,106 Totals .. 2,043 j 1,608 1,649 234 309 84 66 98,242

D.—l.

A general description of some of the more important activities in each highway district is given hereunder: — Whangarei District. During the past year work was continued on the raising of sections of highway which were subject to flooding, and good progress was made. This class of work is particularly important in the North Auckland district, where in the past frequent flooding has caused interruptions to traffic. The construction of the Brynderwyn Deviation was well advanced, and proposals have been adopted for reconstructing the highway northwards from Topuni in order to obtain standard alignment. By deviating from the existing road, which is of irregular curvature and width, a much higher standard of construction can be obtained, and this will eventually connect with the improvements at the southern end of the Brynderwyn scheme. Special attention was given to the State highways in the direction of raising the standard of maintenance, and noticeable improvements have been effected to the running-surface on the arterial highways throughout this district. For several miles across the Ruawai Plats the formation was widened, shoulders built up and strengthened, and proper superelevation on curves was provided. It is hoped that paving will be commenced during the current year on the Dargaville-Maungaturoto section and certain other sections which carry a large amount of traffic. Consequent upon the transfer of Rodney County to the No. 2 Highways District, a depot has been established at Maungaturoto in connection with the supervision of State highways radiating from that centre. In the course of its visit of inspection towards the latter part of the financial year the Board was impressed with the urgent necessity for replacing numerous old single-way wooden bridges, which in many cases are dangerous for traffic not only on account of limited width, but also because of bad alignment. Proposals for renewals are under consideration with a view to expediting this important work. Auckland District. Further progress has been made with the extension of dustless surfacing on State highways, and in addition several local authorities have commenced reconstruction and paving other main highways with subsidy assistance from highways funds. At the time the State highways scheme was introduced work on the Auckland-Helensville Highway had been commenced on various lengths some distance apart, this policy being based upon circumstances relating to the internal finances of the local authority concerned. The Board's policy has been to concentrate upon linking up the uncompleted sections, and satisfactory progress has been made. Very considerable improvements have been made on the State highway between Birkenhead and Warkworth consequent upon the completion of heavy reconstruction and realignment on the Albany Hill, Johnstons Hill, Schedewy's Hill, &c. The reconstruction and sealing of the Wairau Road northwards from Takapuna was commenced by the Waitemata County Council in accordance with proposals sanctioned by the Board. Reconstruction, bridging, and paving have been completed on the Great South Road to the southern extremity of the Waipa County, and this type of improvement is being continued southwards into the Otorohanga County. On the State highway between Pokeno and Paeroa reconstruction has been continued in readiness for extending the paving from Pokeno, and further paving was completed in the vicinity of Waitakaruru. The improvement of the arterial highway between Thames and Paeroa was advanced and the heavy reconstruction work through the Karangahake Gorge continued in preparation for paving during the current year. Severe damage occurred on the Thames-Coromandel highway during a storm when exceptionally high tides were experienced, and it has been found necessary to place heavy stone protection along the coastal section immediately north of Thames. Particulars of other general improvements throughout the district are shown in greater detail in the progress report. Tawanga District. Improvements to the main highway over the Kaimai Hills have been further advanced and good progress made with the heavy reconstruction work. The widening and realignment of the Rotoma Hill section have been completed, and this notable improvement has been much appreciated by traffic. A commencement has been made with widening and generally improving the length of State highway along the Lakes section from Rotoma Hill towards Te Ngae and Rotorua. Between Wairakei and Taupo a great deal of realignment has been carried out to meet the needs of tourist and holiday traffic, which has very much increased. The construction of approaches for a new bridge over the Waikato River at Atiamuri, and the widening, straightening, and strengthenng of the highway from Atiamuri towards Putaruru, have been commenced and are now well under way. The difficulty in maintaining a satisfactory standard of wearing surface on the State highways in the vicinity of Whakatane, combined with the dangerous conditions arising from the dust nuisance in the summer months, has necessitated consideration being given to a paving programme for the current year, and it is hoped to be able to complete several miles in the immediate vicinity of Whakatane itself. Towards the end of the financial year under review proposals were formulated for accelerating improvements and bridging on the Opotiki -Te Araroa coastal highway. Better access is required for existing settlement on this route, which is also increasing in popularity as a holiday resort. Work has already commenced on widening and major maintenance and contracts have been arranged for a number of bridges.

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Gisborne District. This district is subject to fairly frequent and severe flooding, and, in consequence, highway operations are subject to interference and delay. However, a number of important works have progressed particularly as regards bridging. A new bridge over the Uawa River at Tolaga Bay has been completed and opened for traffic. The replacement of the Waipaoa River Bridge at Kaiteratahi to replace the old structure on which loading has had to be restricted is nearing completion after a series of unfortunate delays. In connection with improvements at Waikohu, progress has been made with a comprehensive scheme, which was prepared in connection with bridge-replacements and the elimination of two railway-crossings. By deviating the main highway, involving the erection of two river bridges, the alignment is being very much improved. One bridge replaces an old structure which was extremely narrow with sharp approaches and urgently in need of renewal. On the East Coast highway from Te Araroa towards Opotiki a commencement was made with the erection of a 300 ft. bridge over the Whangaparaoa River where traffic has had to use a ford, negotiable only under favourable weather conditions. Continual floods have been experienced ever since the work was started and these have retarded progress. Reconstruction and metalling have been carried on as weather conditions allowed, and major flood damage has been repaired. Several sections of highway in this district traverse unstable country, large hillsides are continually on the move, causing frequent subsidences in the road surface, and often necessitating the restoration of a length of road which has moved downhill. Najpier District. A considerable amount of reconstruction and widening have been carried out during the past year, but the extraordinarily heavy flooding which occurred in the Hawke's Bay area has necessitated the concentration of operations in the direction of restoring communications. The complete obliteration of considerable lengths of State highway passing through steep hilly country has required the use of men and machinery to open up access for arterial and local traffic. Owing to the destruction of several bridges temporary structures have been erected to carry traffic until permanent arrangements can be finalized. Heavy formation work has been continued on the Runanga Deviation between Tarawera and Taupo, and also on the highway skirting Lake Waikaremoana towards Hopuruahine. Investigations have been made with regard to reconstruction work required on the State highway between Wairoa and Hangaroa with a view to adopting a deviation for improving alignment northwards from Opoiti towards Te Reinga. Portions of the Napier - Palmerston North State highway have been in course of reconstruction, particularly in respect of certain lengths where irregularities in the paving had developed. In the vicinity of Woodville the old pavement requires widening and some of the alignment needs correction. In connection with the elimination of the level railway-crossing at Mangamanaia, a deviation has been commenced on the Gorge side for the purpose of avoiding an existing sharp bend. A new bridge on this deviation will replace an old wooden structure near the bend in question. Taumarunui District. The principal works in this district, other than ordinary maintenance, have been the renewal of old bridges and the reconstruction and metalling of sections of highway below standard requirements. On the Te Kuiti - New Plymouth State highway heavy formation has been in progress, particularly between Te Kuiti and Pio Pio. A considerable length has been practically completed as regards formation and metalling. The new alignment has been placed on a higher level so as to avoid sections which in the past have been subject to flooding, and the general standard of the road has been vastly improved. Proposals for this length include final preparation and sealing, and it is hoped to carry out a certain amount during the current year. On the Te Kuiti - Taumarunui arterial highway improvements have been continued, and metal was placed on lengths completed. Consideration is to be given this year to the possibility of sealing a number of miles on this highway. It is also expected that certain lengths of heavily trafficked highway in this district, which do not require reconstruction, will be sealed during next season. Improvements by way of widening, &c., have been in progress on the Pio Pio - Tatu, Te Maire - Mangaohutu, and Stratford-Taumarunui main highways and work has been in progress in connection with the erection of an overbridge to eliminate the level railway-crossing on the Main Trunk line at the top of the Spiral Hill. Taranaki and Wanganui Districts. Further progress has been made in the reconstruction and realignment of the arterial highway between Waitara and Mount Messenger, on the Te Kuiti - New Plymouth State highway. A large amount of reconstruction has also been carried out on the New Plymouth - Hawera and Hawera - Wanganui State highways. This work is in the nature of rebuilding lengths of pavement laid many years ago and which were of irregular camber and insufficient width and, in addition, showed signs of weakness under present traffic. In the course of reconstruction, improvements have been made in the alignment, and by adjustment of grading visibility has been very much improved. This class of work has been carried out over a number of sections which were most urgently in need of attention, and the general standard has been raised considerably. In due course the remaining sections which do not meet the needs of traffic will be dealt with in similar fashion.

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On the arterial highway from New Plymouth to Wanganui there are several one-way bridges which are dangerous to traffic, and a commencement has been made with a programme for providing adequate two-way structures. In the Wanganui area the reconstruction of the Wanganui - National Park State highway has been continued on what is generally known as the Parapara Section. The Bulls - Taihape State highway has received special attention in the way of major maintenance, due to the fact that the top metal-course had practically disappeared over a long mileage, leaving only the spawl base-course. The surface of the road has been built up by placing a stabilized top-course of graded materials, and a very great improvement has resulted. Throughout the Taranaki and Wanganui areas several level crossing elimination schemes have been under construction, and a number have been almost completed. Wellington District. Work has been continued on the Whiroki.no Deviation, which will improve the alignment of a section of State highway and raise the level above floods. The reinforced-concrete trestle has been in progress, and the piles for the piers have been driven. The reinforcing has been set up in readiness for concreting the columns, and a commencement has been made with the concreting of the spans. On the main highway between Shannon and Palmerston North realignment has been in progress and a considerable length completed in readiness for sealing. The general standard of this route, which traverses undulating country, has been very much improved, and numerous sharp bends have been eliminated. A contract has been in progress in connection with the replacement of the old narrow portion of the bridge over the Oroua River at Awahuri by a new reinforced-concrete structure. The sections of State highway passing through the boroughs of Carterton and Pahiatua have been under reconstruction. It has been necessary to reform the road in order to adjust the camber and, after strengthening the metal crust, a new pavement has been laid. On the Featherston side of the Rimutaka Hill a commencement has been made with the widening of the narrow bridges, and a number have been completed. General reconstruction, paving, and bridging have been in progress throughout the year, and work has been in hand on a number of level crossing elimination schemes. The Porirua overbridge and deviation have been finished, and the Paraparaumu overbridge is nearing completion. Nelson District. Reconstruction has been continued on the arterial highways in this district. Considerable improvement in the alignment of the Moutere Hill section between Nelson and Motueka has been in progress, and excavating plant has been used on the heavy earthwork with very satisfactory results. Between Nelson and Blenheim widening and realignment on the hill sections have been in progress, and similar reconstruction work has been in hand on the Glenhope-Murchison length. Preparations have been commenced in readiness for sealing several miles of State highways, particularly in the immediate vicinity of Blenheim, and it is hoped to be able to arrange contractsso that a certain amount of dustless surfacing will be completed during the current year. At the close of the year covered by this report serious flooding occurred, and, in addition to extensive general damage, three spans of the Wairau River Bridge on the Nelson-Blenheim State highway were destroyed, causing dislocation of traffic. This timber structure suffers damage by floods from time to time, and the question of building a new bridge capable of carrying two-way traffic will have to be considered before very long. The construction of an overbridge and approaches in order to eliminate the level railway-crossing at Elevation on the Picton-Blenheim section has been practically completed. On the main highway giving access to the Blenheim Aerodrome a contract has been arranged for erecting a bridge over the Taylor River, and on the Dashwood-Upcot main highway the construction of a suspension bridge over the Hodder River was advanced. Consequent upon the opening-up of the Lewis Pass road, which will connect Canterbury with the Nelson and West Coast districts, it has been decided to reconstruct the road via the Maruia and Shenandoah Valleys in order to provide improved access from the Nelson district. Investigations showed that even at much greater cost the existing highway via the Matakitaki Valley could not be reconstructed to afford the easy alignment obtainable on the Maruia route. Greymouth District. With the completion of the Flowery Creek Deviation there has been provided a paved surface throughout the section of State highway between Greymouth and Hokitika. Improvements have been continued on the arterial highway from Greymouth towards Reefton, and in the course of reconstruction a deviation was made between Kamaka and Spring Creek for the purpose of eliminating two level railway-crossings and at the same time providing a higher standard of alignment. Widening and general improvements have been continued on the Buller Gorge section and also on the Coastal Highway from Westport to Greymouth. In the Buller Gorge heavy retaining-walls have been constructed in a number of places in order to obtain increased width without disturbing the existing steep batters. The new bridge over the Hokitika River at Kanieri has been completed and opened for traflic. The erection of a new bridge over the Orowaiti River near Westport has been practically completed. Several other structures of moderate dimensions have also been renewed.

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Satisfactory progress lias been made with the programme for eliminating several railway-crossing on main highways in this district. Improvements on the main highway from Reefton towards Lewis Pass have progressed, but owing to severe flood damage on this road the construction organization has been engaged on the necessary repairs. A deviation has been commenced at Ross in order to improve the alignment of the State highway, and the widening of the narrow section through Hari Hari has been practically completed in readiness for metalling. On the Christchurch - Kumara Junction State highway heavy flood damage occurred, including a large slip in the Otira Gorge. Canterbury District. In the northern portion of this district the arterial highway adjacent to the South Island Main Trunk railway, now under construction, has been improved in conjunction with the railway operations, especially where the road is affected to some extent by the railway work. General improvement work has also been in progress on other parts of the State highway in Waipara and Cheviot Counties. On the inland route between Kaikoura and Waipara the Conway River Bridge has been completed and a commencement made with the Weka Pass Deviation. On the State highway from Christchurch to the West Coast district sealing has been extended, and the widening of the Porter's Pass section has been in hand. Progress has also been made with the bridging of a number of waterways on this route where open crossings have caused interruptions and delays to traffic after heavy rain. The Summit highway along the Port Hills from Evans Pass to Dyer's Pass has been sealed. Further work has been carried out on the construction of retaining-walls between Evans Pass and Lyttelton, while general widening has been in progress on the Lyttelton - Governor's Bay section. Sealing has been extended on the Christchurch-Akaroa main highway, and further reconstruction has been in hand in preparation for continuing the paving in due course. Satisfactory progress has been made with the construction of the Rangitata Deviation, including the erection of the bridge over the north branch-of the Rangitata River. In the last report it was stated that a contract had been let for building a traffic bridge, approximately 6,000 ft. long across the Rakaia River, and during the past year very satisfactory progress has been made. It is anticipated that by the end of the current year the new structure will be practically completed. Except for bridging in hand, the reconstruction and sealing of the arterial highway in the Waimate County has been completed. Also on the State highway from Timaru to Eairlie reconstruction and paving has been extended. Further bridging has been carried out on the Pukaki-Hermitage main highway. Dunedin District. The dustless paving of unsealed sections between Oamaru and Dunedin has been completed, and progress has been made with the extension of similar work in other parts of the district. South of Dunedin reconstruction of the State highway towards Invercargill was continued and dustless surfacing placed on a further length beyond Milton. On the Milton-Queenstown State highway widening and general realignment have been continued on the Manuka Gorge section. The improvement and sealing of the length through the Cromwell Gorge have been completed, and the construction organization has been transferred to the Kawarau Gorge for widening that portion. Improvements have also been in progress on the Lindis-Tarras section of State highway. In the immediate vicinity of Dunedin reconstruction has been in hand on the Dunedin-Duke's Road highway and on the Dunedin-Waitati via Leith Valley highway. When completed the latter will provide an alternative route to the north from Dunedin City. The reconstruction and paving of the Green Island - Brighton section have been completed, thus affording much improved access to the seaside resort at Brighton. Progress has also been made with the reconstruction and paving of the Mosgiel-Middlemarch main highway in the.Taieri County. The programme for eliminating level railway-crossings has been well advanced, and a number of bridges have been renewed on main highways throughout this district. Southland District. Satisfactory progress has been made with the reconstruction and general improvement of State highways in this district. On the Dunedin-Gore section construction of the deviation between Pukerau and McNab, to eliminate flooding, has been continued. On the Gore-Invercargill section reconstruction has been advanced sufficiently to enable a priming coat to be laid from Kennington to Dacre, and the paving of this length will be taken in hand during the current year. Reconstruction of the Invercargill-BlufE State highway has been continued, and it is anticipated that a section of this arterial road will be paved during the current year. General improvements and realignment have been in hand on the length between Dipton and Lumsden, on the Invercargill-Queenstown State highway. Construction of the new highway from Te Anau to Milford Sound has been continued, and particulars are given in the detailed progress report. New formation has been extended on both the Milford Sound and Hollyford sections, while the bottom heading of the tunnel through the Homer Saddle has been pushed forward.

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Bridges. During the past year 124 bridges were completed, the total length being 11,106 ft., and a large number are at present under construction. The Board is still faced with the problem of urgent bridge-renewals, which has been accentuated to some extent by the continued increase in traffic. The rate of progress depends, firstly, on the preparation of detailed designs and specifications and, secondly, on the availability of materials. In the matter of design it may be explained that the Public Works Department's staff is working under great pressure and additional qualified staff cannot be procured. With regard to materials, delays have been experienced in connection with the delivery of steel, but it is hoped that the position in this respect will improve. The standard bridge width for important highways is 24 ft., and only under exceptional circumstances, where traffic is relatively low and likely to remain so, is any modification of this standard entertained. The usual practice is to provide footways in addition to the 24 ft. roadway where local circumstances require special accommodation for pedestrian traffic. In order to further assist local authorities in the early replacement of old bridges on main highways under their control it was decided to increase the subsidy for highway bridging from £2 for £1 to £3 for £1. This higher rate applies to work carried out subsequent to the 31st March, 1938. In the last report a description was given of several major bridge works for which contracts had been arranged, and the position regarding those and other structures is shown in the progress report. Elimination of Level Crossings. During the past year almost £300,000 was expended on the elimination of dangerous level railwaycrossings on main highways, bringing the total amount spent by the Board to £400,000 since the present major programme was commenced some two years ago. The following summary shows the position of this programme as at the end of the last financial year compared with the schedule which appeared in the previous annual report: — As at As at 31st March, 1938. 31st March, 1937. Work completed .. .. .. .. .. 50 crossings. 15 crossings. Contracts let and/or work in hand .. .. .. 56 ~ 67 ~ Proposals completed.. .. .. .. .. 5 ~ 7 ~ Proposals in hand .. .. . . . . . . 42 ~ 57 ~ Surveys, &c., in hand .. .. .. .. 38 ~ 36 ~ Investigated and deferred meantime .. .. .. 28 ~ 18 „ 219 200 As explained in the last report, those cases where proposals have been deferred in the meantime generally relate to crossings in boroughs, townships, and other closely built-up areas where interference with property would involve costly schemes. In these localities traffic speeds are usually restricted, thereby minimizing danger to some extent, and automatic warning-devices have been installed. This arrangement allows of immediate attention being concentrated upon dangerous crossings on trunk routes in rural areas where expenditure can be applied towards securing the immediate elimination of a greater number of level crossings. When in due course the rural elimination projects are well advanced, further consideration can be given to closely investigating proposals for dealing with open crossings in built-up localities. Details regarding operations carried out last year are shown in the progress report. The following is a description of a number of typical elimination schemes : — Hopu Hopu.—This crossing, on the Auckland-Hamilton State highway, was eliminated by the construction of an overbridge. The bridge is 108 ft. long, made up of two spans of 54 ft. each, and has pile foundations with heavy wingwalls so that approach fillings would be kept clear of the space required for the railway. A curve of 12 chains radius is built into the bridge. Tirau. —This crossing, located on the Hamilton-Rotorua State highway, was characterized by the railway being on a curve with visibility to road traffic restricted by a curve and a grade in the highway. A subway for road traffic has been constructed, the railway being carried on 55 ft. plate girders on a skew of 34°. The road has been realigned and regraded to give approaches to the subway. Koutu.—This level crossing at Eotorua, also on the Hamilton-Rotorua State highway, is being dealt with by the erection of an overbridge 121 ft. in length, comprising three simple spans of 40 ft., 41 ft., and 40 ft. respectively. The bridge, which has spread footings, provides a roadway 24 ft. wide and is located on a skew of 49§° to the railway. Puha. —At this locality the highway formerly crossed the railway twice within a distance of half a mile, and although the road and rail traffic are not of high intensity there was a particularly dangerous feature in that the railway is in a block cutting adjacent to one of the crossings. The highway has been deviated and kept on the western side, thus eliminating two crossings. Mangamanaia. — This crossing, on the Palmerston North - Napier State highway, is being eliminated by the erection of an overbridge 120 ft. in length and consisting of three 40 ft. simple spans with a 24 ft. roadway. The structure is supported by reinforced-concrete columns on footings and has a skew of 53° to the railway.

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Short Street. —This crossing is on the Taumarunui-Ongarue main highway in the Taumarunui Borough, and is being dealt with by the construction of a subway under the Main Trunk line and three sidings. The railway is being carried on 40 ft.-plate-girder spans supported by mass concrete abutments at a skew of 79°. Wellington Road. —This crossing is on the Turakina - Cliff Road main highway in the Marton Borough. Elimination is being effected by lifting the railway so that the road can be lowered to pass through a subway. Work is in progress. Cliff Road. —This crossing, on the Bulls-Taihape State highway, is being eliminated by the construction of a subway to take road traffic under the Main Trunk railway. The railway is carried on plate girders, which have already been placed in position. Progress on the road deviation is well advanced. Paraparaumu.—This crossing, on the State highway between Wellington and Levin, is being eliminated by an overbridge to carry traffic over the Main Trunk railway. The bridge itself is 130 ft. in length, made up of two end spans each 40 ft. long and one central span 50 ft. long. In addition to a 24 ft. roadway, one 4 ft. footpath is being provided. The structure is on a lb chain radius curve and is built on pile foundations. Tuamarina and Spring Creek. —These two crossings, on the Picton-Christchurch State highway, are being eliminated by the construction of a deviation alongside the railway, involving the erection of a bridge over the Wairau River approximately 1,000 ft. in length. A commencement has been made with the deviation, and plans of the river bridge are in hand. Prebbleton. —This crossing, on the Sockburn - Southbridge - Rakaia Huts main highway, is being eliminated by the construction of an overbridge 260 ft. in length, consisting of four 50 ft. and two 30 ft. spans. A 24 ft. roadway and one footway is provided for, and the structure will be supported on spread footings. Palmerston. —This crossing is on the Timaru-Dunedin State highway and is being eliminated by an overbridge 200 ft. in length, comprising four 50 ft. spans, with a 24 ft. roadway. The abutments and piers are on footings, and the structure is located on a curve of 12 chains radius. State Highways. The year under review has been marked by much activity on all State highways throughout the Dominion. In the last report reference was made to the fact that the system of arterial highways was not inaugurated until late in the preceding financial year, and, therefore, this present report covers the first complete year of the Board's direct control of the State system. Perhaps the most important phase of the Board's control has been improving the standard of maintenance on these trunk roads. Special efforts were made to secure uniformity in maintenance standards by the use of mechanical plant and the organization of maintenance staff, and it can be claimed that the general condition of the arterial highways has considerably improved. In the case of State highways with gravelled surfaces, augmented plant and equipment enabled field officers to organize a regular series of gradings, and smoother travelling conditions have resulted. Where the density of traffic is very high, it is almost impracticable to maintain a continuously good surface, and some form of pavement is the only solution to this difficulty. As a matter of fact, for economic reasons, paving is being expedited where the cost of upkeep of a heavily trafficked macadam road is excessive. It has been found that during those week-ends when an additional public holiday is observed gravelled highways suffer considerable surface damage through the increased traffic which usually occurs. To meet these circumstances special arrangements are generally made to operate maintenance plant. In the case of State highways with paved surfaces particular attention has been devoted to the proper upkeep of metalled shoulders, so as to protect the edge of the pavement from damage and by the correction of unevenness, not only to afford more comfort to travellers, but also to minimize impact damage. Some of the pavements which were laid down several years ago have been showing signs of weakness, especially in the foundations, and on the uneven surfaces there has developed a glassy or polished finish. It has been necessary to carry out a considerable amount of top-dressing either by adding a bituminous seal coat with chips of approved size or by applying a bituminous plant-mix ; in fact, bituminous smoothing coat work has become a feature in the improving of paved surfaces in the course of maintenance activities. Where the width of existing pavement was found to be inadequate for traffic conditions, the shoulder formation has been suitably strengthened by the addition of metal, and extra pavement constructed. In districts where pavements were constructed twenty years or so ago when dustless paving in New Zealand was in its infancy, the standard has become obsolescent and quite incapable of catering for present-day requirements. It was not possible to modernize these sections by building up the pavement, because in most instances the foundations showed signs of weakness or the alignment and grading demanded correction so as to conform to present standards of visibility. During the past year the entire reconstruction of this class of road has been commenced, and already a substantial amount has been practically completed except for the final paving, which can only be done during the summer months. It is intended to continue a steady programme of this work, and prior attention will be given to the most urgent sections.

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On some of the State highways which were taken over by the Board there were indications that minor maintenance items had not received sufficient attention in the past. Water-tables had become overgrown and culverts had become partially or totally blocked, with the result that, in wet weather, damage occurred which could have been prevented. Regular maintenance'operations have practically remedied these circumstances. From its inception the Board has stressed the importance of bridge-maintenance and has impressed upon road-controlling authorities the urgent necessity for proper and regular inspections. Endeavours have been made to institute periodical inspections of structures so that small matters of maintenance could be attended to at little cost and the life of the bridge utilized to the full. It was generally found that where bridge-maintenance was neglected for a number of years the time came when costly major repairs were needed or a complete renewal became necessary earlier than was justified. Many controlling bodies recognized the wisdom of constant bridge-maintenance, but others did not appear to fully appreciate the position. During the past year particular attention was given to the reconditioning of bridges on State highways, and the following table gives some idea of the work carried out: — Running planks added to full deck width on .. .. . . 200 bridges. Wing or approach fences erected to give added safety on .. .. 160 ~ Handrails repaired on . . . . . . .. .. .. 167 ~ Structural repairs effected on .. .. .. .. 11l ~ Painting carried out on . . .. .. . • • • 311 „ The structures which appeared to be most neglected were those built of steel or timber, although some concrete bridges were also included. Throughout the past year the reconstruction of bridges on State highways has continued. A number of important structures were completed, and generally good progress was made with others in course of erection. A large number of single-way bridges still remain on the State highways system, and on heavily-trafficked sections they create dangers which must be removed as early as possible. Special attention is being given to this class of work, and every effort is being made to expedite replacement according to the order of urgency. Further advance has been made in the direction of providing all-weather connections on State highways. In some localities low-lying sections are subject to flooding and after heavy rain traffic becomes blocked. In dealing with these sections it is usual, when preparing remedial measures, to investigate possible improvements to alignment, &c., so as to secure the maximum benefit. In some cases, deviations have been constructed on higher ground with considerable improvement in curvature, and in others additional filling has been placed to raise the road above flood level. The continuation of dustless surfacing has proceeded, and during the past year a number of uncompleted gaps have been paved. Between Wellington and New Plymouth there is now a continuous pavement, although some of the paving laid down prior to the advent of the main highways system is undergoing reconstruction. With the exception of the Rangitata Deviation, which is well on towards completion, there is also a continuous paved surface on the State highway from Christchurch to Dunedin. Paving has been extended in many other districts, the general policy being to continue outwards from centres of population. Owing, however, to the growing necessity for dustless surfacing on the arterial highways it is proposed to give early attention to the sealing of lengths in rural districts which do not require very much reconstruction. This will afford a certain amount of immediate benefit pending the completion of improvements where heavy reconstruction must be carried out before paving is attempted. Traffic Census. Last year it was reported that arrangements had been made for taking another census of traffic throughout the main highways system during the year 1937-38, and the opinion was expressed that the results would show substantial increases in many localities. The census was taken at 444 tally-points for a complete week during the months of August, 1937, and January, 1938, respectively, these periods having been selected to obtain information relative to winter and summer conditions. At the more important stations records were kept throughout twentyfour hours each day, and at the less important stations for sixteen hours each day. The results revealed an extraordinary increase in traffic volume when compared with the last census taken three years ago. The general conclusion may be stated as representing an increase of approximately 46-4 per cent., although in a few cases the volume of motor traffic increased by as much as 300 per cent, and 350 per cent. One locality showed an increase of 1,000 per cent., but this appears to be due to the fact that a connection between two highways had been established since the previous census where formerly both roads ran to a dead end. The object of the census was to secure reliable information relative to the trend of developments in motor traffic so as to assist the Board in formulating proposals for highway improvements. It is obvious that in considering reconstruction schemes every possible provision must be made for the rapid rate of traffic growth, taking into account the finances available, otherwise the standard of construction will become inadequate within a comparatively short period. In view of the traffic figures disclosed by the census it is apparent that the occasional criticism of the Board's improvement works cannot be sustained on the grounds that they provide a standard in excess of requirements. On the contrary, the facts merely point to the justification for adopting standards which make reasonable provision for present and prospective traffic development.

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In order that tlie position may be readily appreciated, the following tabulation has been prepared showing the comparison between the former traffic census and that taken recently : —

187

Average Daily Number of Motor-Tally-point. Traffic towards. 7^Census.^ 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 1 District: North Auckland. Awanui.. .. .. .. .. Kaitaia .. .. .. 282 326 „ .. .. .. .. Kaiangaroa .. .. . • . ■ 157 , j, .. .. .. ■ ■ ■ ■ Waipapakauri .. .. .. 231 298 Kaitaia .. .. .. .. Mangamuka .. • • • • 342 299 „ .. .. .. .. Awanui .. .. ■ • 280 299 „ .. .. .. .. Akipara .. . . . . 99 86 Wainui Junction .. .. .. „ •• • • 64 74 „ M .. .. .. Kaitaia .. .. •• 83 102 ,, .. .. .. Herekino .. . • • • 30 42 Pamapuria Hill . . .. .. . . Mangamuka .. .. . - 120 188 „ .. .. .. .. Mangonui .. .. .. 66 113 ,, .. .. .. .. Kaitaia .. .. 162 212 Morts Bridge (Junction M.H.s 308 and 518).. Kaeo .. . ■ • • 47 54 ,, .. Kaitaia .. .. . • 52 44 „ .. Mangonui .. . . . • 73 62 Junction M.H.s 308 and 306 .. .. ,, ■ • • • • • 56 70 „ .... Totara .. .. ■ • 80 57 ,, .... Kaeo .. .. . • • - • • 79 Junction M.H.s 308 and 6 (near Kaeo) .. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■ 212 150 „ .. Wkangaroa .. .. . • 70 84 „ .. Mangonui .. .. .. . • 97 Kokukohu .. .. .. .. Rangiahua .. .. .. 90 98 „ .. .. .. .. Rawene .. .. .• 100 71 „ .. .. .. .. Kaitaia .. . ■ • • .. j 90 Mokuiti Junction .. .. • ■ Broadwood .. .. .... 39 „ ' .. .. .. Kokukoku .. .. .. 113 49 ,, .. .. .. Tutekekua .. .. . ■ 84 60 Horeke Road Junction and M.H. 1 .. Rangiakua .. .. . • • • .119 ,, .. Okaikau .. . • • • • • 105 Kokukoku (M.H. 481) . . .. .. In Kokukoku Township .. . . 130 175 Oue Junction .. .. . . ■ • Kaikoke .. ... • • 71 77 j . . .. .. .. Waimamaku .. .. . • 107 83 „ .. . . .. .. Rawene .. .. 116 100 Waimate Road Junction M.H.s 7 and 308 .. Kaeo .. .. • • 81 90 „ .. Okaihau . . .. ■ • 63 131 „ .. Okaeawai .. •• 123 206 Okaeawai Post-office .. . • • • Kaikoke .. . • ■ • 169 215 „ .. .. . . Pakaraka .. .. • • 193 230 „ .. .. .. Waimate .. . ■ • ■ ■ • 229 Otiria .. .. . ■ ■ • • ■ Otiria Station Road .. .. 71 124 .. .. .. .. .. Pakaraka .. .. . • 165 232 ,, .. .. .. .. .. Kawakawa .. .. • • 201 328 Junction M.H.s 5 and 483.. .. .. Kaikoke ... .. . •• 152 „ .. .. .. Donnelly's .. .. . • 50 55 „ .. .. .. Taheke .. •• •• •• 106 Te Pua .. .. .. ■ • • • Okaeawai . . • • • • • • 203 .. .. .. .. .. Okaikau .. .. . • • • 73 . .. .. .. .. Kaikoke .. .. . • • • 258 Kaikoke .. .. . ■ • • Mangakakia .. .. .. • • 196 Okaeawai .. .. .. • • 422 Kaikoke Townskip (M.H. 5) .. .. 561 Waipoua Forest .. .. .. Waipoua Forest.. .. .. 89 84 Wkakapara .. . . ■ • ■ • Russell .. . • • • 55 54 Okaeawai . . . . • • 135 228 Hikurangi .. .. ■• 150 200 Parakao . . • • • ■ • ■ Kirikopuni . . .. • • 18 45 Maungatapere .. .. ■ • 59 75 Kaikoke .. .. • ■ 58 90 Kaiku .. .. .. ■ ■ ■ ■ Waipoua Forest Road .. .. 58 87

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188

Average Daily Number of Motor- „ „ . rn en a. j vehicles as per Tally-pomt. Traffic towards Census. 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 1 District: North A uckland—continued. Kirikopuni .. .. •• Whangarei .. .. .. 109 117 .. .. .. .. Dargaville .. .. .. 131 156 .. .. . . .. Parakao .. .. .. 56 92 Tangowahine Junction M.H.s 7 and 392 .. Dargaville .. .. .. 190 228 •„ .. Whangarei .. .. .. 135 144 ,, .. Tangowahine Valley M.H. .. 54 59 Dargaville .. .. .. • • Mamaranui .. .. .. .. 135 Bayley's Coast M.H 119 152 Aratapu .. .'. .. •• Aratapu M.H. .. .. .. 270. 381 Mititai .. .. . ■ • ■ Ruawai .. .. .. 117 212 .. . . .. .. Maungonui Bridge (Upper) .. 61 104 1( .. .. . . . . Dargaville .. .. .. 153 282 Kamo .. .. • ■ • ■ • • Hikurangi .. .. .. 401 753 t> .. .. .. .. .. Whangarei .. .. .. 519 908 „ .. .. .. .. .. Purua .. .. .. .. 127 142 Whangarei .. .. ■ • • ■ Kiripaka .. .. .. 229 203 „ .. .. .. .. Whareora .. .. .. 129 135 Junction M.H. 301 and Onerahi Road . . Tamaterau .. .. .. 142 149 ,, .. Whangarei .. .. .. 177 160 Maungatapere .. .. • • • • ,, • • • • • • 202 287 Kaikohe 129 149 „ .. .. .. .. Tangiteroria .. .. .. 109 158 Oakleigh .. .. • ■ • • Long's Corner - Tauraroa M.H. .. 50 70 „ .. .. .. .. Waipu .. .. .. 184 388 .. .. .... Whangarei .. .. .. 197 453 Waipu .. .. .. • • ■ • • • • • • ■ • • 198 391 (J .. . . .. .. .. Maungaturoto .. .. .. 282 430 Junction M.H.s 9 and 391.. ... .. Ruawai .. .. .. .. 209 „ .. " .. .. Paparoa .. .. .. 20 50 .. .. . . Dargaville .. .. .. 348 264 Paparoa .. .. • • • ■ Paparoa Railway-station .. .. 46 „ .. .. .. .. Oakleigh .. .. .. .. 50 .. .. .. .. Paparoa Post-office .. .. .. 97 Junction M.H. 1 and Doctor's Hill Road . . Maungaturoto .. .. .. 198 392 .. Wellsford .. .. .. .. 503 Maungaturoto Railway-station . . .. Maungaturoto .. .. .. 190 259 „ .. .. Paparoa .. .. .. 182 248 „ .. .. Whakapirau .. .. .. 81 107 Wellsford .. .. . • • • Whangaripo .. .. - - 118 184 .. .. .. .. Port Albert .. .. .. 104 180 ;J .. . . .. .. Maungaturoto .. .. .. 204 486 n .. .. .. .. Warkworth .. .. .. 183 356 Tauhoa . . .. .. • • Wharehine .. .. .. 51 47 Kaipara Flats .. .. .. 32 33 Glorit 51 50 Dome Valley (Junction M.H.s 1 and 12) .. Tauhoa .. .. .. 60 103 „ .. Warkworth .. .. .. .. 452 „ .. Maungaturoto .. .. .. 255 364 Warkworth .. .. .. . ■ „ • • • • • • • • 490 .. Leigh .. .. .. .. 201 213 „ .. .. .. .. Waiwera .. .. .. 355 727 Hikurangi .. .. ■ • • - Kawakawa .. .. .. 453 470 Whangarei .. .. .. 386 577 Marua 135 156 Kaeo Road Junction and M.H. 7 .. Moerewa .. .. .. j .. 236 Junction M.H. 308 and Pakaraka Road . . Kaeo .. .. .. .. 55 „ .. Ohaeawai .. .. .. I .. 30 Junction M.H. 80 and Waipu Gorge Road .. Kaiwaka .. .. .. .. 26 „ .. Mangawai .. .. .. 30 64 Waiwera .. .. ■ ■ ■ • Auckland .. .. .. .. 443 .. .. .. .. Helensville .. .. .. .. 60 t> .. .. .. .. Maungaturoto .. .. .. .. 451

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189

Average Daily Number of Motorvehicles as per Tally-point. Traffic towards. Census. 1934-35.1 1937-38. No. 2 District: Auckland. Kaukapakapa .. .. ■ • • • Helensville . . • ■ • • 148 212 Waiwera .. • • • • 117 195 Port Albert .. . • • • 157 210 Helensville .. .. • • • • Auckland .. ■ • 227 336 Kaukapakapa .. . . • • • 5^0 Parkhurst . . • • 292 369 Junction M.H.s 1 and 476 near Silverdale .. Auckland . •• •• 607 „ .. Maungaturoto .. . ■ • • 399 557 .. Kaukapakapa . . . • • ■ HO 58 Junction M.H.s 1 and 14 near Pukeatua . . Auckland . . . • • • 381 575 Maungaturoto .. . . •• 376 594 .. Kumeu .. •• •• 76 134 Kumeu .. • • • • • • Auckland .. . ■ • • 322 492 Helensville .. ■ • • • 338 534 .. .. .. .. Henderson .. .. • • 116 132 Junction M.H.s 13 and 494 .. .. Auckland .. . ■ • • • • 602 lt .... Helensville .. . • • • • • 481 j; .... Hobsonville .. . • • • • • 171 Henderson .. .• •• •• Auckland .. .. . • 952 1 > 423 Helensville .. . • ■ • 457 872 Kumeu .. . ■ • • 479 450 Mangere Bridge (south end) .. .. Papatoetoe .. .. 1,104 1,762 Tamaki Bridge, Otahuhu .. .. •• ,, ■■ ■■ ■■ 2,698 4,217 Panmure Bridge (west end) .. Howick .. •• •• 1,000 1,257 Manurewa (Junction M.H.s 1 and 407) .. Alfriston . • ■ • • • 176 239 Auckland •• 1,986 3,202 .. Papakura . . ■ 1,879 3,030 Papakura .. .. .. •• Clevedon . . .. •• 399 453 Ilunua.. .. . 300 279 Auckland .. . . • • • • 572 Drurv •• •• •• •• Pokeno .. •• 936 1,778 Papakura .. .. •• 1,261 2,261 " .. .. .. .. Pukekohe .. .. • • 391 579 Hinsaia Bridge .. . • • • • • Papakura .. . • ■ • 238 282 Kingseat .. - • 170 227 Titi .. .. • • ■ • • • Puni .. .. • - • • • • 147 Patumahoe .. .. ■ • 108 135 . .. .. .. .. Waiuku .. . ■ • • 167 222 Junction M.H. 403 and Harrisville Road . . Bombay . . . • . • 518 312 5J .. Pukekohe .. .. .. 528 256 Pokeno .. •• •• Bombay .. .. .. 824 1,524 Paeroa .. .. .. 268 450 " .. .. .. .. • ■ Mercer .. .. .. 697 1,324 Tuakau Bridge .. .. • • • • Tuakau . . .. .. 239 340 .. Port Waikato .. .. .. 61 90 Pukekawa .. .. 119 178 " . . .. .. Onewhero . . .. 77 108 Waerenga .. • • • • • • Pokeno .. .. .. 174 271 Te Kauwhata . . .. . . 21 18 " .. .. .. .. Paeroa.. .. .. 213 279 Waitakaruru . . .. ■ • • • Dalgety's Corner .. .. .. 470 Pipiroa . • • • • • ■ • Waitakaruru .. . . .. 254 377 Ngatea .. .. •. 200 323 Kopu .. .. .. .. 80 113 Kopu .. .. .. • • Paeroa .. .. .. 272 408 Thames .. .. . . 503 749 Pokeno .. .. .. 354 462 Ta'pu ■ • • • • • ■ ■ Coroglen . . . . . . 52 66 Coromandel . . . . .. 77 112 _ .. .. .. . . Thames . . . • • 125 162 Junction M.H.s 15 and 315, near Netherton .. Turua .. . . .. .. 106 134 Ngatea .. ., 189 295 Paeroa . . 271 407 Mackaytown • • • Waihi . . .. . . 326 453

D.—-1.

190

Average Daily Number of Motor- _ „ . , m /v> j j vehicles as per Tally-pomt. Traffic towards. Census 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 2 District: Auckland —continued. Junction M.H.s 15 and 465 (Waihi) . . i Wnihi .. . . . . 185 520 „ .. Tauranga .. •■ ■. 297 302 „ .. Waihi Beach Road .. .. .. 296 Mangaiti .. ■ ■ ■ • • ■ Paeroa .. . . . . 270 505 Ohinewai . . . . • - • • Tahuna .. . . . . 124 202 .. Pokeno 675 1,342 Ngaruawahia .. .. .. 660 1,329 Tahuna . . .. . • • ■ Ngatea .. .. . . 74 143 Morrinsville .. .. . . 135 221 Ohinewai .. .. .. 149 269 Ngaruawahia .. . . .. . • „ • • • • • • • • 308 Waingaro .. .. .. 235 240 Horotiu . . ■ • ■ ■ • ■ Hamilton .. . . .. 859 1,601 .. .. .. .. Ngaruawahia .. .. .. 848 1,598 Junction M.H.s 447 and 493 .. .. Morrinsville .. .. .. .. 312 „ .. .. Tahuna .. .. .. 200 242 „ .... Taupiri .. .. .. .. 78 Waitoa .. .. •• •• Te Aroha - .. .. 460 816 Morrinsville .. .. .. ■ 506 838 ■ .. .. .. .. Taupo .. .. .. 135 370 Waharoa . . . . . . .. Matamata .. .. .. 318 560 Te Aroha 187 220 .. .. .. . . Morrinsville .. .. .. .. 396 Junction M.H.s 17 and 18 .. .. Cambridge .. .. .. 895 1,253 „ .... Morrinsville .. .. .. 480 989 „ .... Hamilton .. .. .. 1,204 2,218 Whatawhata .. .. .. .. „ • • ■ • ■ ■ 231 390 . .. .. .. .. Pirongia .. .. .. .. 102 „ .. .. .. .. Raglan .. .. . . 199 307 Ohaupo .. .. •• Te Awamutu .. .. .. 404 796 Karapiro Factory (M.H. 18) . . . . Tirau .. .. . . . . 290 758 .... Cambridge .. .. . . 316 825 Junction M.H.s 19 and 312, near Hinuera .. Te Poi .. .. .. 150 147 „ . . Hinuera .. . . .. . . 152 ,, .. Matamata .. .. .. 300 330 ,, Tirau .. .. . . .. .. 337 Tirau .. .. .. .. • • Morrinsville .. .. .. .. 296 Put.aruru . . .. .. 226 810 ,, .. .. .. .. .. Cambridge . . .. .. 378 555 Railway-crossing south of Putaruru . . Taupo . . .. . . 150 290 Pirongia .. .. . • Te Awamutu . . .. .. 62 127 .. .. .. .. Otorohanga .. .. .. 126 195 ;j .. .. .. .. Frankton .. .. .. 132 119 Junction M.H. 319 and Te Rahu Road .. Cambridge .. .. . . 204 299 „ .. Te Awamutu .. .. .. 307 453 Junction M.H. 314 and Brotherhood Road .. Arapuni . . .. . . 140 243 .. Kihikihi 134 242 Junction M.H.s 1 and 21 .. .. .. Te Awamutu .. .. .. 329 657 ,, .. .. .. Hangatiki .. .. .. 289 674 „ .. .. Te Kawa .. .. .. 65 193 „ .. .. ,. Wharepuhunga .. .. .. 48 110 No. 3 District: Tauranga. Aongatete .. .. .. . ■ Tauranga .. .. .. .. 242 Cambridge Road (M.H. 15, near Tauranga) .. „ .. . . . . 300 472 Barke's Corner . . . . .. .. „ • ■ • • • • 186 296 .. .. .. Rotorua .. .. .. 66 97 .. Ruahihi .. .. .. 120 417 Mangorewa Gorge .. . . ■ . Tauranga . . . . . . .. 72 Juntion M.H.s 18 and 324 . . .. Hamilton .. . . .. .. 392 „ ... Mamaku . . 33 74 ,, .... Rotorua .. .. . . .. 439 Ngongotaha .. ... • •• >> •• •• •• 1,197

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191

Average Daily Number of Motor-Tally-point. Traffic towards vehl „ cles as P er • 1 Census. 1934-35.| 1937-38. No. 3 District: Tauranga—continued. Rotorua (Junction M.H.s 18 and 535) .. Rotorua .. .. .. .. 471 .. Taupo .. .. .. 178 322 ,, . . Atiamuri .. .. .. .. 163 Junction M.H.s 19 and 535 .. .. Taupo .. .. .. 62 137 ,, .... Rotorua . . . . .. .. 62 „ .... Waitoa .. .. .. 51 102 Boundary, Rotorua and Taupo Counties on Wairakei .. .. 150 188 M.H. 18 Junction M.H.s 18 and 19 .. . . Rotorua . . .. . . .. 199 ,, .... Waitoa .. .. .. .. 70 .... Taupo .. .. .. 154 237 Junction M.H.s 18 and 328 .. .. ,, .. .. .. 212 309 „ .... National Park .. .. .. 131 178 „ .... Napier .. .. .. 113 158 Junction M.H.s 328 and 329 .. .. Taupo .. .. .. 87 148 „ . s .. National Park .. .. .. 112 150 „ .... Tokaanu .. .. .. 97 119 Hairini Bridge (near Tauranga) .. .. Tauranga .. .. .. 436 576 M.H. 15 (north of M.H. 327) .. .. „ .. .. 464 518 „ .. .. Whakatane .. .. .. .. 629 Paengaroa .. .. .. . . Rotorua .. .. . . 106 175 ,, .. .. .. .. Whakatane .. .. .. 139 252 .. Te Puke .. .. .. 243 412 Te Ngae .. .. .. .. Tauranga .. . . .. 171 254 ,, .. .. .. .. Whakatane .. .. .. 190 317 ,, .. .. .. .. Rotorua .. .. .. 336 493 Matata .. .. .. .. .. Tauranga . . .. .. 123 341 „ .. .. .. .. .. Te Ngae .. .. .. 47 172 Junction M.H.s 15 and 24 .. .. Whakatane .. .. 814 1,128 ,, .... Rotorua . . . . . . 416 715 ,, .... Tauranga . . .. .. 435 482 Junction Wainui and Ohope Beach Roads .. Whakatane .. .. .. 173 361 „ .. Wainui .. .. . . .. 23 Taneatua Township .. .. .. Whakatane .. .. .. 269 395 Waimana Turnoff-Ruddick's Road .. .. Waimana .. .. .. 184 252 Waiotahi Bridge .. .. .. Opotiki .. .. .. 185 262 South of Opotiki on M.H. 323 .. .. Waioeka Gorge .. .. .. 56 65 Junction M.H.s 15 and 26 (Waiau Bridge) .. Motu .. .. .. 36 56 ,, Te Kaha .. . . . . 60 94 No. 4 District: Gisborne. Junction M.H.s 26 and 335 .. Te Araroa .. . . .. 29 45 „ .... Taurangakautuku .. .. 24 22 „ .... Gisborne .. .. .. 31 47 Te Puia .. . . . . .. Waipiro Bay .. . . .. 48 57 „ .. .. .. .. Ruatoria .. .. .. 92 102 ,, .. .. .. .. Tokomaru Bay .. .. .. 117 142 Mangatuna . . . . . . . . ,, .. . . . . .. 142 Tolaga Bay . . . . .. .. ,, .. . . . . 256 317 „ .. .. .. .. Gisborne .. .. .. 200 245 „ . . .. . . .. Tauwhareparae .. . . . . 126 161 M.H. 26 (4-mile peg) .. .. Gisborne .. .. .. 310 510 Matawai .. . . . . . . Motu . . . . 66 120 .. Puha .. . . . . 90 117 „ .. .. .. .. Koranga . . . . . . 96 68 Puha . . . . . . . . .. Whatatutu .. . . 70 106 ,, .. . . .. . . .. Matawai . . . . .. 152 . .. . . . . Te Karaka . . 183 Kaiteratahi Bridge . . .. ,, . . . . . . .. 298

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Average Daily Number of Motor-Tally-point. Traffic towards 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 4 District: Gisborne—continued. Quirk's Corner (Junction M. H.sl5 and 330) .. Gisborne .. .. .. 265 391 .. Opotiki .. .. .. 320 445 ,, .. Waiohika .. .. .. 102 122 Makaraka .. .. .. .. Gisborne .. .. .. .. 1,227 „ .. .. .. . . Wairoa .. .. .. . . 834 „ .. .. .. .. Opotiki .. .. .. .. 433 Junction M.H.s 27 and 331 . . .. Gisborne . . .. .. 309 411 .... Wairoa .. .. .. 335 221 „ .. .. Patutahi . . .. . . . . 195 Junction Rere and Brunton Roads (M.H. 331) Rere .. . . .. . . .. 112 ,, Patutahi .. .. .. .. 46 Manutuke .. .. .. .. Gisborne .. .. .. .. 410 „ .. .. .. .. Wairoa .. .. .. . . 354 „ .. .. .. .. Waingaki .. . . . . . . 133 North of Tarewa (M.H. 15) .. .. Gisborne .. .. .. 89 109 M.H. 27 (36-mile peg) .. .. .. „ .. .. .. 22 51 No. 5 District: Napier. Junction Nos. 15 and 523 M.H.s .. .. Gisborne .. .. .. 206 338 ,, .. .. Wairoa .. .. .. 191 232 .. Waikokopu .. .. .. 123 242 Te Reinga .. .. .. .. Gisborne .. . , .. 20 40 ,, .. .. .. .. Wairoa .. .. .. 32 51 ,, .. .. .. .. Ruakituri .. .. .. 28 35 Frasertown .. .. .. .. Gisborne .. .. .. 80 122 „ .. .. . . . . Wairoa .. .. .. 219 253 ,, .. .. .. .. Lake House .. .. .. 180 242 Four miles south of Wairoa (M.H. 15) .. Wairoa .. .. .. .. 232 Kotemaori . . .. . . .. Napier . . . . . . 125 172 Eight miles south of Putorino .. .. ,, .. .. .. .. 172 Tarawera .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. . . 53 70 Junction M.H.s 18 and 15, near Petane . . Wairoa .. . . .. 240 252 „ .. Napier .. .. .. .. 275 „ .. Bskdale .. .. .. .. 54 Petane .. .. . . . . . . Wairoa .. . . .. 354 344 .. Napier .. .. .. 392 404 .. Eskdale .. .. .. 137 320 Napier .. .. .. .. .. Clive .. .. .. .. .. 1,592 ,, .. .. .. .. .. Westshore .. .. .. 836 1,469 „ .. .. .. .. Taradale .. .. .. 1,041 1,002 Clive .. .. .. .. .. Napier .. .. .. 1,399 1,686 „ .. .. .. .. .. Hastings .. .. .. 118 128 ,, .. .. .. .. .. Havelock North .. .. 1,315 1,655 Near Fernhill (Junction M.H.s 28 and 339) .. Napier .. .. .. 518 412 ,, .. Hastings .. .. .. 277 404 ,, .. Takapau .. .. .. 48 52 Junction M.H.s 15 and 495 . . . . Napier .. .. .. .. 14-9 „ .... Hastings .. .. .. .. 393 ,, .... Pakowhai . . . . .. .. 302 Mangateretere .. .. .. .. Napier .. .. .. 1,547 1,789 „ .. .. .. .. Hastings .. .. .. .. 1,697 ,, .. .. .. .. Ilavelock North .. .. 159 182 Tukituki . . . . . . .. Clive . . . . .. .. .. 362 ,, .. .. . . .. Haumoana .. .. .. .. 202 ,, .. .. .. Te Awhanga .. .. .. .. 125 Ha velock North .. .. .. .. Hastings .. .. .. 1,167 1,214 Pakipaki .. . . . . .. „ .. . . . . 164 282 . . Waipawa .. .. .. 582 789 .. Napier .. .. .. 493 578 Junction M.H.s 31, 28, and 418 . . . . ,, . . . . .. .. 154 . . Elsthorpe . . . . . . 45 39 ,, . . . . Waimarama . . . . .. 116 128

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13—D. 1.

193

Average Daily Number of Motor- „ . , vehicles as per Tally-point. Traffic towards Census. 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 5 District: Napier —continued. Tikokino . . .. .. . • Fern hill .. .. .. 87 69 „ .. .. .. .. Takapau .. .. .. 52 25 „ .. .. .. .. Waipawa .. .. .. 50 52 Waipawa (Junction M.H.s 15 and 33) .. Waipukurau .. .. .. 552 665 H .. Waipawa .. .. .. 637 793 )( . . Ongaonga . . .. .. 134 131 Near Moutere . . .. • • ■ • Waipawa-Pourerere M.H. .. 95 209 Junction M.H.s 15 and 339 . . . . Waipukurau . . . . .. •. 396 „ .... Wellington .. . . .. .. 339 J( .... Ongaonga .. .. .. . • 97 Wanstead . . .. .. • • Waipukurau . . . . .. 128 155 Norsewood .. .. .. ■. Napier .. .. .. 301 444 ,, .. .. .. .. Wellington .. .. .. 311 401 J( .. .. .. . . Whetakura .. .. .. 61 63 Matamau .. .. .. • • Norsewood .. .. .. 437 462 Dannevirke .. .. .. 533 534 n .. .. . . .. Waipukurau .. .. .. 107 104 Tahoraiti .. .. .. ■. Napier .. .. .. 689 879 Wellington .. .. .. 605 830 Woodville-Tamaki M.H. .. .. 92 105 Weber .. .. .. .. • ■ Waipukurau .. .. .. 55 43 „ .. .. .. .. .. Dannevirke .. .. • ■ 79 77 .. .. .. .. .. Masterton .. .. .. 47 55 Waiohiki Golf Links .. .. • • Napier .. .. • • • • 399 Hastings . . . . .. • • 326 „ .. .. . . Pakowhai .. .. . • • • 266 No. 6 District: King Country. Hansatiki .. .. ■ • • • Otorohanga .. .. .. 269 437 Te Kuiti .. .. • • 269 417 East of Hangatiki .. .. 76 101 Waitomo .. .. • • 111 171 Junction M.H.s 1 and 23 . . . . Te Kuiti . . • • ■ • 247 443 Taumarunui .. .. • • 98 152 Piopio .. .. • • 198 315 Piopio " Te Kuiti 297 488 Mokau .. .. • • 214 361 " !; Aria 128 191 Mangaohae .. .. • • 123 162 Six miles south of Mahoenui .. .. Awakino . . . • • • • • 173 Aria .. .. .. • ■ • • Mokauiti .. .. • • 44 39 Piopio .. ■. • • 62 74 .. .. .. .. .. Matiere .. .. • • 8 37 Tangitu .. .. .. • • Waimiha .. .. .. 20 35 Taumarunui .. .. .. .. 120 Te Kuiti .. .. • • • • 125 Okahukura . . . . •. • • Tangitu .. .. • • 96 210 Taumarunui .. ..' ■. 107 209 Oliura .. . . ■ . • • 4 7 Taumarunui . . .. • ■ Okahukura .. •. 130 233 National Park . . .. . . .. 552 Oliura .. ■ ■ • • 202 338 Tatu .. .. .. • • ■ • Stratford .. .. • • 36 41 Oliura .. •. • ■ 46 102 Taumarunui . . .. • • 19 32 National Park . . . . .. • • » ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ .. Taupo .. •. •- 144 227 Raetihi .. • ■ • • 116 192 Junction M.H.s 328 and 456 .. •• National Park .. .. .. .. 199 Chateau .. .. • • ■ • 80 " t .... Taupo .. •• •• •• 160

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Average Daily Number of Motorm „ , , vehicles as per Tally-pomt. Traffic towards Census. 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 7 District: Stratford. Mokau Bridge .. . . . . .. New Plymouth .. . . .. 141 241 Between Awakino and Urenui .. .. ,, .. .. .. ■ • 309 Urenui .. .. .. . • • • ,, • • • • • • • • 452 Lepperton Junction . . . . . . Inglewood .. . . . . 159 272 „ . . .. .. Awakino .. . . . . 586 640 „ .. .. .. New Plymouth .. .. .. 536 1,006 New Plymouth .. .. ... .. Waitara . . . . .. 88 151 „ .. .. .. ' .. Okato .. .. .. .. 575 779 „ .. .. ... .. Inglewood .. .. . . . . 712 Junction M.H.s 36 and 506 .. .. New Plymouth .. .. . . 335 354 .... Ngatimaru M.H. . . . . 162 99 „ .... Opunake .. .. . . 340 331 Opunake .. .. .. .. Okato .. .. .. .. .. 405 „ .. .. .. .. Manaia .. .. .. 178 265 „ .. .. .. . . Kaponga .. . . .. 171 143 M.H. 36 (south of Pihama) .. .. Manaia .. .. .. 200 199 Junction M.H.s 36 and 507 .. .. Hawera .. .. .. 358 560 „ .... Ohawe-Skeet M.H. .. .. 93 116 „ .. .. Manaia .. .. .. 210 480 Junction M.H. 1 and Whareroa Road . . Hawera .. .. . . 467 478 „ .. Mokoia .. .. .. 455 681 Egmont Village .. .. .. .. Inglewood .. .. .. .. 747 „ .. .. .. .. New Plymouth .. .. .. 717 794 „ .. .. .. .. Egmont Road (south) .. .. 79 84 „ .. .. .. .. „ (north) .. .. 79 60 Junction M.H. 37 and Bristol Road .. Inglewood .. .. .. 166 202 „ .. Kaimata .. .. .. 85 260 Tariki .. .. .. .. .. Inglewood .. .. 726 892 ,, .. .. .. .. .. Stratford .. .. .. .. 876 Junction M.H. 360 and Cardiff Road .. ,, .. .. .. 58 82 „ .. Upper Pembroke Road .. .. 43 62 Toko .. .. .. .. . . Taumarunui .. .. .. 199 266 .. Toko M.H. .. .. .. 65 81 „ .. .. .. .. .. Stratford .. .. .. .. 309 South of Stratford (M.H. 1) .. .. „ .. .. .. 726 894 „ .... Eltham .. . . .. .. 899 Junction M.H.s 41 and 79.. .. .. North of junction .. .. 52 81 ,, .. .. .. Kaponga . . .. . . 75 87 „ .. .. .. Stratford .. .. .. 72 84 M.H. 39 (between Eltham and Kaponga) . . Eltham . . . . . . 251 351 „ .. Kaponga . . . . . . 249 320 Ngaere .. .. .. . . . . East of Ngaere .. .. .. 109 56 „ . . .. .. . . Eltham .. . . .. 116 72 Junction M.H.s 1 and 429.. .. .. South of junction .. .. 503 668 „ .. . . . . North of junction .. .. 556 662 Junction M.H.s 41 and 359 .. .. Auroa .. .. .. .. 172 167 „ .... Manaia .. .. .. 185 150 „ .... Matapu .. .. .. 154 162 ,, .... Kaponga ... . . .. 162 176 Okaiawa .. .. .. .. Skeet .. .. .. .. 223 306 „ .. . . .. . . Normanby .. . . .. 286 400 „ .. .. . . . . Ohawe . . .. .. 210 285 „ .. .. .. .. Manaia .. .. .. 204 262 Whangamomona .. .. .. Strathmore .. .. . . 64 196 No. S District : Wanganui. Junction M.H.s 1 and 44 .. .. . . Kaharoa M.H. . . . . . . 142 153 .. Patea .. .. .. .. 423 559 „ .. .. .. Waverley .. .. .. 359 524 Junction M.H.s 1 and 475.. .. .. Wanganui .. .. .. .. 507 „ .. .. .. Waitotara Valley .. .. 40 50 „ . . .. .. Waverley .. .. , , .. 534

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195

Average Daily Number of Motor- . vehicles as per Tally-point. Traffic towards Census. 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 8 District: Wanganui —continued. Westmere .. .. •• Wanganui .. .. .. 563 1,013 Waverley .. .. .. .. 888 " .. .. .. .. Cheal M.H. .. .. .. 100 208 Junction M.H.s 365 and 430 .. . • Westmere .. .. .. 156 181 Wanganui .. .. .. 234 250 .... Waitotara .. .. .. 163 165 Junction M.H.s 23 and 48.. .. • • Ohakune .. .. .. 38 108 Raetihi . . .. . . "66 224 Horopito .. .. .. 52 184 Raetihi ' . . .. ■ • • • Ohakune . . .. .. 118 374 Pipiriki 50 570 Wanganui .. . . .. 69 223 n .. .. .. .. Horopito .. .. .. 66 230 Waiouru .. .. • • • • Ohakune .. .. .. .. 97 .. .. .. .. Taihape .. .. .. .. 105 Junction M.H.s 23 and 51.. .. . ■ Napier .. .. .. .. 104 Taihape .. .. .. 175 216 Waiouru .. .. .. .. 118 Junction M.H. 23 and Otara Road . . .. Mangaweka .. .. .. .. 140 Ohingaiti .. ., .. .. 179 Otara M.H. .. .. .. .. 60 M.H. 48 (north of "junction with M.H. 550) .. Wanganui .. .. .. .. 228 >t .. Raetihi . . . . .. .. 191 t> .. Wanganui River (Right Bank) M.H. .. 55 Fordell .. .. • • • ■ • • Wanganui .. .. .. 120 254 Hunterville .. .. .. 122 300 Turakina .. . • • • • • Marton .. .. .. 185 296 Bulls 375 600 " .. .. .. .. Wanganui .. .. .. 544 923 Norwood Corner.. .. .. • ■ Hunterville .. .. .. 181 299 Wanganui .. .. .. 65 154 " n ]' Greatford 135 167 Junction M.H. 366 and Makirikiri Road .. Marton .. .. .. .. 219 .. Greatford .. .. .. 223 222 Bulls .. .. •• Sanson .. .. .. 577 1,159 Feilding .. .. .. 328 635 Wanganui .. .. .. 552 900 Greatford . . . • • • • • Hunterville .. . . .. 300 434 .. Feilding .. . . . . 71 142 " Bulls 160 Onepuhi Bridge .. .. .. • • Hunterville .. .. . . 50 59 Junction M.H. 23 and Kawhatau Road . . Mangaweka .. .. .. .. 157 () .. Taihape .. .. .. .. 206 No. 9 District: Wellington West. Junction M.H.s 52 and 53. . .. .. Rangiwahia .. .. .. 65 74 Kimbolton .. .. .. 130 160 Apiti .. .. .. .. 77 106 Junction M.H.s 54 and 377 .. .. Hunterville .. . . .. 77 122 Stanway .. .. .. 115 139 " .. .. Feilding 137 156 Raumai (Junction M.H. 438) .. .. ,, • • ■ • • • 30 50 .... Ashhurst .. .. .. 121 201 Pohangina .. . . .. 69 193 Raumai (Junction M.H. 439) .. .. Ashhurst .. . . .. 129 195 Pohangina .. .. .. .. 102 „ .. .. .. .. Apiti .. .. .. .. 100 128 Ashhurst " •• •• •• Pohangina .. .. .. 338 445 .. Feilding .. .. .. 167 236 Palmerston North .. .. 320 421

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Average Daily Number of Motor-Tally-point. Traffic towards V6^Census 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 9 District: Wellington West—continued. Junction M.H.s 55 and 58.. .. .. Woodville .. .. .. 592 881 „ . . . . .. Palmerston North . . . . 609 745 „ .. .. .. Ashhurst .. .. .. 162 160 Bunnythorpe .. .. . . . . Feilding . . . . . . 545 968 ,, . . . . . . . . Palmerston North . . . . 520 932 „ . . .. . . .. Ashhurst .. . . . . 162 313 Junction M.H.s 52 and 56.. .. .. Awahuri .. .. .. .. 195 „ . . . . . . Feilding .. .. . . .. 383 „ .. .. . . Stewarts' Line M.H. .. .. 138 202 Awahuri .. .. .. .. Palmerston North .. . . 236 336 „ .. .. .. . . Rangiotu .. .. . . 136 212 „ .. .. .. . . Tangimoana .. .. . . 260 367 Junction M.H.s 57 and 376 .. .. Kairanga .. .. .. .. 212 „ .... Awahuri .. .. .. 611 979 „ .... Palmerston North .. .. .. 1,336 „ .... Bunnythorpe .. .. .. 262 351 Longburn . . .. . . . . Rongotea .. .. .. 101 66 „ .. .. .. .. Himatangi .. .. .. 784 1,375 ,, .. .. .. .. Palmerston North .. .. 792 1,198 Makerua .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 258 ,, .. .. .. .. Shannon .. .. .. .. 175 Ihakara Hill .. .. . . .. Levin .. .. .. .. .. 236 Junction M.H.s 1 and 473.. .. .. Koputaroa .. .. .. 29 36 „ .. .. .. Foxton .. .. .. 453 729 „ ■ ■ .. .. Levin .. .. .. .. 435 714 Manakau .. .. .. .. Otaki .. .. .. .. 500 915 Waikanae .. .. .. .. Paekakariki .. .. .. 576 910 ,, .. .. .. . . Manakau .. .. .. 571 925 „ .. .. .. .. Reikorangi .. .. .. 139 218 Paekakariki .. .. .. .. Paremata .. .. .. .. 878 ,, .. .. .. .. Waikanae .. .. .. .. 914 Paremata .. .. .. .. Porirua .. .. .. .. 1,373 „ .. .. .. .. Paekakariki .. .. .. .. 1,096 „ .. .. .. . . Plimmerton .. .. .. . . 442 Porirua .. .. .. .. Wellington .. .. .. 959 1,854 „ .. .. . . . . Paremata .. .. . . .. 1,584 „ •. .. .. .. Titahi Bay .. .. .. 291 595 Silverstream Railway Bridge .. .. Upper Hutt .. .. .. 1,168 1,842 Brown Owl .. .. .. .. Kaitoke .. .. .. 800 687 ,, .. .. .. .. Akatarawa .. .. .. 100 292 ,, .. .. . . .. Upper Hutt . . . . . . .. 947 Pakuratahi Bridge (Kaitoke) . . Rimutaka Hill Road . . .. 349 582 Sanson . . .. .. . . . . Foxton .. .. .. . . 374 „ .. .. .. .. Palmerston North .. .. 459 734 „ .. .. .. Bulls .. .. .. .. 585 916 Himatangi .. .. .. .. Foxton .. .. .. 506 915 „ .. .. .. .. Sanson .. .. .. 209 404 ,, .. .. .. .. Palmerston North .. .. 360 654 No. 10 District: Wellington East. Junction M.H.s 15 and 61 .. . . . . i Pongaroa . . . . . . 93 222 • • • • • • i Woodville .. . . 461 752 •. | Pahiatua . . . . 503 814 Makuri .. .. .. .. . . Akitio .. . . . . . . 61 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ . . . . Pahiatua .. .. .. 65 „ ■■ .. .. .. Coonoor .. .. .. 10 32 Pongaroa . . .. .. .. Weber .. .. .. 136 112 „ ■ ■ .. .. .. Akitio .. .. .. .. 87 62 „ .. .. .. .. Pahiatua .. .. .. 95 55 » • • •. .. .. Masterton .. .. .. 107 76

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Average Daily Number of Motor-Tally-point. Traffic towards ' 1Cr 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 10 District: Wellington East —continued. Nireaha Road, Newman .. .. .. Eketahuna .. .. .. 244 458 „ .. . . .. Pahiatua .. .. .. 248 441 Alfredton .. . . .. .. Masterton .. .. .. 36 50 „ .. .. .. .. Eketahuna .. .. .. 44 48 „ .. .. . . .. Tiraumea .. .. .. 70 84 Junction M.II.s 443 and 87 .. .. Mauriceville .. .. .. 39 71 „ .... North of Junction .. .. 40 39 „ .... East of Junction .. .. 32 39 Opaki .. .. .. .. • • Eketahuna .. .. .. 271 410 „ .. .. .. .. .. Masterton .. .. .. 395 589 Tinui .. .. .. • • • • „ • • ■ • • • 54 109 „ .. .. .. .. .. Castlepoint .. .. .. 40 73 Junction M.H.s 63 and 441 .. .. Bideford .. .. .. 60 43 „ .... Alfredton .. .. .. 40 45 „ .... Masterton .. .. .. 99 85 Junction M.H.s 64 and 65.. .. Te Oreore .. .. .. 206 307 .. Tinui .. .. .. .. 136 219 „ .. .. .. Weraiti .. .. .. 79 110 Junction M.H.s 15 and 558 .. .. Masterton .. .. .. 742 1,072 ,, .. .. .. Carterton .. .. .. .. 1,109 .... Chester M.H 112 Junction M.H.s 66 and 67.. .. .. Masterton .. .. .. 36 137 „ .. .. .. Westmere .. .. .. 38 55 ,, .. .. .. Gladstone .. .. .. 80 134 Junction M.H.s 68 and 69.. .. .. Carterton .. .. .. 83 136 „ .. .. .. Gladstone .. .. .. 67 145 ,, .. .. .. Longbush .. .. .. 60 93 Greytown .. .. .. .. Martinborough .. .. .. 301 330 „ .. .. .. .. Featherston .. .. .. 507 687 ,, .. .. .. .. Carterton .. .. .. 771 994 Junction M.H.s 73 and 77.. .. .. Kahautara .. .. .. 165 213 ,, .. .. .. Martinborough .. .. .. 175 194 „ .. .. .. Featherston .. .. .. 258 314 Junction M.H.s 70 and 77.. .. .. Greytown .. .. .. 144 157 ,, .. .. .. Peatherston .. .. .. 261 232 ,, .. .. .. Martinborough .. .. .. 299 305 Junction M.H.s 71 and 72.. .. .. Pirinoa .. .. .. 205 188 „ .. .. .. Martinborough .. .. .. 309 283 ,, .. .. .. East Coast .. .. .. 146 119 Pope's Head .. .. .. .. Martinborough .. .. .. 47 35 „ .. .. .. .. Hinakura .. .. .. 39 38 Junction M.H.s 72 and 73.. .. .. Featherston .. .. .. 102 100 ,, .. .. .. Martinborough .. .. .. 69 86 ,, .. .. . . Pirinoa .. .. .. 112 221 Ngawapurua Bridge .. .. .. Bridge across Manawatu River .. 310 576 Junction M.H.s 63 and 87.. .. .. North of Junction .. .. .. 32 „ .. .. .. South of Junction .. .. ,. 13 „ .. .. .. West of Junction .. .. .. 31 No. 11 District: Nelson. Fisher's Creek (Junction M.H.s 159 and 103) .. Collingwood .. .. .. 162 151 ,, .. Bainham .. .. .. 105 157 „ . . Richmond .. .. .. 64 70 Rockville .. .. .. .. Collingwood .. .. .. .. 126 Takaka (Junction M.H. 103 and Factory Road) ,, .. .. .. 195 240 ,, Richmond .. .. .. 212 269 Takaka (Junction M.H. 154 and Factory Road) Terakohe .. .. .. 87 223 Takaka .. .. .. 144 189 Junction M.H.s 103 and 601 .. .. Collingwood .. .. .. 205 175 „ . .. .. Richmond .. .. .. 170 152 „ .... East Takaka .. .. .. 65 108

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Average Daily Number of Motor-Tally-point. Traffic towards 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 11 District: Nelson—continued. Lindsays .. . • .. ■ ■ Richmond .. .. .. 52 67 , .. .. . . .. Collingwood .. .. .. 44 82 .. Clifton .. .. .. 13 20 Riwaka .. . . .. • • Richmond .. . . . . .. 403 !t .. .. .. .. Collingwood .. .. .. .. 294 Hau „ 279 330 Richmond .. .. .. 189 334 .. Kohatu .. .. .. 106 109 Jubilee Bridge . . .. .. .. Collingwood .. .. . . . . 347 „ .. .. . . .. Richmond .. .. .. . . 286 „ .. .. . . .. Appleby .. .. .. 69 82 Motueka (Junction M.H.s 165 and 300) .. Motueka .. .. .. .. 149 „ . . Motueka Wharf .. . . .. 96 „ .. Queen Victoria Street .. . . .. 98 Woodstock .. .. .. . ■ Motueka .. .. .. 30 32 , .. .. .. .. Kohatu .. .. .. 37 44 Wakefield 25 32 Kohatu .. ■ • ■ • • • Nelson .. .. .. 94 164 M .. .... .. Hope Junction .. .. .. 97 195 „ .. .. .. .. Woodstock .. .. .. 59 88 Hope Junction .. .. .. .. Nelson .. .. .. 60 96 „ .. .. .. .. Murchison .. .. .. 73 127 H .. .. .. .. Tophouse .. .. .. 28 56 Murchison .. .. . • • ■ Nelson .. .. .. 201 284 Inangahua Junction .. .. 96 161 Reefton 114 122 Tophouse .. .. . • • ■ Hope Junction .. .. .. 33 42 „ .. .. .. .. Renwicktown .. .. .. 16 25 „ .. .. .. .. Kohatu .. .. .. 20 27 Mapua . . .. . . . • • • Motueka .. .. . . 119 125 „ Appleby .. .. .. 99 224 Richmond .. .. • • • • Nelson .. .. .. 582 918 .. Wakefield .. .. .. 329 534 Collingwood .. .. .. 232 482 Stoke .. .. .. •• •• Richmond .. .. .. 1,035 1,478 „ .. .. .. .. .. Nelson (via Tahunanui) .. . . 422 833 . . . . .. .. Nelson (via Jenkins Hill) .. .. 677 M.H. 102 (1| miles east of Nelson) .. .. Blenheim .. .. .. 290 385 Near Rai Valley Township . . .. ,, • • • • • • 131 177 „ .... Nelson .. .. .. 88 119 Havelock .. .. .. . • Blenheim .. .. .. .. 173 t) .. .. . . .. Nelson . . .. .. .. 200 .. .. .. .. Picton-Havelock via Grove M.H. .. .. 46 Tuamarina .. .. .. . • Picton .. .. .. 164 222 )t .. .. .. .. Blenheim .. .. .. 204 267 ;) .. .. .. . . Kaituna .. .. .. 51 60 Spring Creek .. .. • • ■ • Picton .. .. .. 270 319 „ .. .. .. .. Blenheim .. .. .. 307 414 ,, .. .. .. .. Raranga .. .. .. 48 60 Renwicktown .. .. .. • • Nelson .. .. .. 158 180 t) .. .. .. .. Blenheim .. .. .. 253 305 .. .. .. .. Hope Junction .. .. .. 99 92 Junction M.H. 250 and Dog Point Road .. Summerlands .. .. .. 47 50 „ .. Renwicktown .. .. .. 41 44 Junction M.H. 101 and Redwood Pass Road Blenheim .. .. .. 140 212 „ Seddon .. .. .. 121 145 Dashwood .. .. • • • • Blenheim .. .. .. 120 164 Seddon 136 164 )t .. .. .. .. Upcot .. .. .. .. 31 46 Juntion M.H. 172 and Taylor Pass Road .. „ .. .. .. 17 16 „ .. Dashwood .. .. .. 14 18 Ward .. .. • • • • • • Wharanui .. .. .. 95 156 Junction M.H. 658 and New Renwick Road Blenheim .. .. .. .. 188 „ Aerodrome .. .. .. .. 87

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Average Daily Number of Motorm „ , , vehicles as per Tally-point. Traffic towards Census. 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 12 District: Greymouth. Te Namu .. .. • • • • Karamea .. .. . • 64 39 Junction M.H.s 105 and 602 .. .. „ .... Seddonville .. .. • • 46 62 t> .... Westport .. .. ■ • 59 64 Granity .. .. • • • • Stockton .. .. ■ ■ 68 71 .. .. .. .. Westport .. .. • • 118 148 ;; .. .. .. .. Karamea .. .. ■ ■ 152 148 Waimangaroa .. .. .. •• Westport .. .. 132 186 Denniston . . .. • • 67 114 )( .. .. .. .. Karamea .. .. • ■ 115 178 Inangahua Junction .. • • • • Reefton .. .. • ■ 73 144 „ . . .. .. Murchison .. .. ■ • 75 175 Westport .. .. • ■ 57 118 Junction M.H.s 104 and 166 .. .. Inangahua .. .. .. 50 105 „ .... Westport .. .. • • 115 182 „ .... Charleston .. .. . ■ 70 85 Brighton .. .. .. • • Greymouth .. .. ■ ■ 36 60 Crushington .. .. .. .. Reefton .. .. .. 48 105 Blackwater .. .. .. • • Waiuta .. .. • • 69 Reefton .. .. • • 88 102 „ .. .. .. .. Greymouth . . .. .. 102 119 South of Rapahoe .. .. . • „ • • • • ■ ■ • • Junction M.H.s 101 and 603 .. .. Haupiri .. .. .. 109 66 „ .... Brunner .. .. .. • • 172 )t .... Blackwater .. .. • • • • 129 Dobson .. .. .. ■ ■ Greymouth .. .. .. • • 383 Junction M.H.s 106 and 102 at Kumara .. „ .. • • • • • • 105 209 .. Mitchells .. .. .. 79 72 „ .. Otira .. .. .. • • 43 187 Dillmanstown .. .. .. • • Greymouth .. .. .. . • 100 .. .. .. Hokitika .. .. .. • • 43 Kanieri .. .. .. ■ • Lake Kanieri M.H. .. .. .. 82 Kokatahi .. .. .. • • 124 ;j .. .. .. .. Hokitika .. .. .. 150 183 Longford Hotel Junction .. .. .. Upper Kokatahi .. .. 83 96 .... Koiterangi .. .. .. 93 80 „ .... Kanieri .. .. .. 108 111 Mont D'or .. .. .. ■ • Ross .. .. .. • • 80 113 Harihari . . .. .. • • Wataroa .. .. .. .. 74 Waitangi River Bridge .. .. .. „ Junction M.H.s 102 and 604 .. .. Waiho .. .. .. 35 39 >t .... Okarito .. .. .. 7 18 n .... Greymouth .. .. .. . ■ 45 North of Otira .. .. .. ■ ■ Otira .. .. .. .. 31 61 South of Kanieri .. .. .. Hokitika .. .. .. 284 186 Arthurstown Detour .. .. .. 60 .. .. .. Ross .. .. .. . • • • 199 Kumara Junction .. .. •. Greymouth .. .. .. . • 332 Hokitika .. .. .. .. 257 " Otira 198 No. 13 District: Canterbury North. Junction M.H.s 101 and 177 .. .. Kaikoura .. .. .. 83 203 „ .... Blenheim .. .. .. 74 191 „ .... Puhipuhi .. .. .. 13 18 Junction M.H.s 175 and 107 .. .. Seddon 13 39 J( .... Kaikoura .. .. .. 24 8 .. Waiau 30 40 Junction M.H.s 175 and 101 .. .. „ 27 53 „ .... Christchurch .. .. .. 89 187 „ .... Kaikoura .. .. .. 102 224

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Average Daily Number of Motor- ,*■ , , vehicles as per Tally-point. Traffic towards Census. 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 13 District: Canterbury North —continued. Parnassus .. .. . • • • Kaikoura .. .. .. 83 181 „ .. .. .. .. Mackenzie « .. . ■ 97 181 „ .. .. .. .. Waiau .. .. • - • • 35 Waiau .. .. .. .. ■ Lyndon .. • • • • 59 46 „ .. .. .. .. .. Hurunui .. .. • • 97 108 „ .. .. .. .. . . Conway .. .. • • 85 67 Red Post Junction .. •. • • Hurunui .. .. ■ • 127 230 Waiau .. .. • • 80 103 „ .. .. . . Hanmer .. .. • • 63 127 Motunau .. .. .. • • Waipara .. .. . • 95 174 Scargill .. .. • • 45 64 „ .. .. .. .. Cheviot .. .. • • 125 213 Waikari .. .. • ■ • • Motunau .. . . • • 52 69 Waipara .. .. • • 175 297 Hawarden .. .. • • 182 230 .. .. .. .. Waitohi .. • • • ■ 131 217 Waipara .. .. • • • • Waikari .. .. . • 137 259 Motunau .. .. • • 161 263 ti .. .. .. .. Amberley .. . • • • 528 630 No. 14 District: Canterbury Central. Amberley • • • • ■ • ■ ■ Blenheim .. .. . • 528 630 Christchurch .. .. .. 423 630 ;j .. .. .. .. Balcairn .. .. •• 194 314 Saltwater Creek .. .. .. . ■ Christchurch .. .. .. 297 630 Blenheim .. .. . • 338 572 Sefton 53 71 Ashley .. .. •• •• •• Loburn .. •• 176 247 Sefton .. . • • • 148 172 >f .. .. .. .. .. Rangiora .. .. ■ ■ 296 351 Half a mile east of Rangiora .. • • Woodend .. .. • • 300 655 Bennetts .. .. • • • • Horrelville .. .. • • 66 62 Rangiora .. .. • • 68 94 Oxford .. .. ■ • 101 139 Cass' .. .. • • • • • • Springfield .. .. . ■ 10 37 Waddington .. • • ■ • • • Christchurch .. .. • • 141 135 Gorge Bridge .. . • • • 45 54 >t .. . . .. .. Springfield .. . • • • • • 82 Junction M.H.s 101 and 141 , near Chaneys .. Christchurch .. .. 1,749 .. Marshland Road .. .. 517 823 „ .. Kaiapoi .. .. •• 1,530 2,428 Junction M.H.s 101 and 204 .. • • Yaldhurst .. . ■ • • 200 192 .... Kaiapoi .. .. 1,101 2,039 J( .... Papanui .. .. .. 1,501 1,915 Junction M.H.s 204 and 200 .. . • Belfast .. .. • • ■ • 107 it .... Yaldhurst .. .. . • • ■ 151 tj .... Christchurch .. .. • • • • 102 Yaldhurst .. .. . ■ ■ • Riccarton .. . • • ■ • • 436 Sheffield 60 20 .. .. .. .. Aylesbury .. .. • • • • 415 Junction M.H.s 101 and 106 (Church corner) Riccarton .. •• 2,056 3,377 t) Sockburn .. .. •• •• 2,521 Yaldhurst 984 Sockburn .. .. •• •• Hornby .. .. •• 1,060 1,356 Christchurch .. .. 1,366 1,809 , .. .. .. Southbridge .. .. ■ ■ 324 532 Bridge over Avon River (M.H. 190) .. Christchurch .. .. .. 1,076 1,248 )t .. Wainoni .. • • • • 400 567 it .. Seaview Road .. .. .. 977 1,555 Junction M.H. 110 and Mount Pleasant Road Sumner .. ■■ •• 2,072 }) Heathcote Railway-station .. 100 210 Takahe .. • • • • • • Dyers Pass .. .. . • 294 442

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Average Daily Number of Motor Tally-point. Traffic towards. 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 14 District: Canterbury Central—continued. Halswell .. . . .. .. Christchurch .. .. . . 532 724 „ .. .. .. .. South of Halswell .. .. .. 779 ,, .. .. .. .. Sabys Road .. .. .. 144 127 Sparks Road 104 139 Junction M.H.s 101 and 158 .. .. Kiwi .. .. .. .. 50 224 „ .... Lyttelton .. .. .. 80 157 „ .... Governor's Bay .. .. .. 242 Motukarara .. .. .. .. Christchurch .. .. .. 154 278 ,, .. .. .. .. Teddington .. .. .. 32 62 „ .. .. .. .. Little River .. .. .. 136 240 Hilltop .. .. .. .. . • Akaroa .. .. .. 68 102 . .. .. .. .. Summit Road .. .. .. 32 50 „ .. .. .. .. .. Little River .. .. .. .. 138 Junction M.H.s 114 and 188 .. .. Christchurch .. .. .. 164 287 .... Lincoln 158 205 „ .. .. Springston .. .. .. 144 254 Springston .. .. .. .. Leeston .. .. .. 184 306 „ .. .. .. .. Christchurch .. .. .. 41 22 „ .. .. .. .. Lincoln .. .. .. 180 284 Aylesbury .. .. .. .. Selwyn River .. .. .. .. 102 „ .. .. .. .. Christchurch .. .. .. 126 253 „ .. .. .. .. Kirwee .. .. .. 99 178 Darfield .. .. .. . . Christchurch . . . . .. .. 162 „ .. .. .. .. Springfield .. . . .. .. 122 „ .. .. .. .. Glentunnel .. .. .. . ■ 113 Hororata .. .. .. .. La,ke Coleridge .. .. .. 86 89 „ .. .. .. .. Coalgate .. .. .. 152 189 „ .. .. .. .. Christchurch .. .. .. 118 128 Windwhistle .. .. .. ■ • Coalgate .. .. .. 17 26 „ .. .. .. .. Hororata .. .. .. 18 36 „ .. .. .. .. Methven .. .. .. 19 31 „ .. .. .. .. Lake Coleridge .. .. .. 11 17 Dunsandel .. .. .. • • Hororata .. .. .. 83 118 „ .. .. .. .. Rakaia .. .. .. 424 639 „ .. .. .. .. Christchurch .. .. .. 411 635 North Rakaia .. .. .. .. „ • • • • • • 345 554 „ .. .. .. .. Leeston .. .. .. . • 34 „ .. .. .. .. Ashburton .. .. .. 237 626 Junction M.H.s 184 and 114 .. .. Manuka .. .. .. 45 34 „ .... Sockburn .. .. .. 180 256 „ .... Rakaia Huts .. .. .. 172 246 Southbridge .. .. .. .. Leeston .. .. .. 60 253 No. 15 District: Canterbury South. Chertsey .. .. .. • • Kyle .. .. .. .. 100 144 „ .. .. .. .. Rakaia .. .. . . 237 482 „ .. .. .. . . Ashburton .. .. .. . . 556 Lauriston .. .. .. . • North of Junction .. .. 80 50 „ .. .. .. .. Methven .. . . .. .. 40 „ .. .. .. .. Rakaia .. .. .. .. 65 Staveley .. .. .. ■ • Mount Somers .. .. .. 57 78 „ .. .. .. . . Alford Forest . . .. .. 34 39 „ .. . . .. .. Ashburton .. .. .. 25 44 Digby's Bridge (Junction M.H.s 115 and 206) Staveley .. .. .. .. 157 „ Ashburton .. .. .. .. 365 „ Methven .. .. .. .. 280 Mayfield .. .. .. ■ • Tinwald .. . . .. 80 73 ;J .. .. .. . . Valetta .. .. .. 114 140 „ .. .. .. .. Mount Somers .. .. .. 109 133 .. Arundel .. .. .. 63 82 Tinwald Saleyards .. .. . . Tinwald .. .. .. 100 131 >t .. .. .. Ashburton .. .. .. 326 737 .. Hinds .. .. .. .. 235 615

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Average Daily Number of Motor- ... ~ . , vehicles as per iaily-point. Irafihc towards. Census. 1934-35.] 1937-38, No. 15 District: Canterbury South—continued. Willowby Corner.. .. .. •• Hinds .. .. .. .. 344 452 .. Tinwald .. .. .. 542 558 j; .. .. .. .. Arundel . . . . .. 130 102 Hinds .. .. . • • • • • Ashburton .. .. . 247 472 t> .. .. .. .. .. Rangitata .. .. .. 235 564 .. .. . . .. .. South of Hinds .. .. .. 84 14:4 „ .. .. .. .. . • Ealing .. .. .. . . 192 Rangitata Traffic Bridge .. .. Peel Forest .. .. .. 50 102 .. .. . . Rangitata .. .. .. . . 439 tt .. .. .. Hinds .. .. . . .. 168 348 Junction M.H.s 101 and 117 .. . . Geraldine .. .. .. 450 597 )( " 58 and 117 .. .. Peckham's Road .. .. 150 114 „ 101 and 117 .. . . Winchester . . .. .. . . 547 Gapes Valley .. .. .. • • Hilton . . .. .. 15 44 )t .. .. .. . . Gapes Valley Road .. .. 35 67 Geraldine .. .. .. .. 104 Fairlie .. .. .. • • • • Cave .. .. .. .. 136 158 () .. .. .. . . Geraldine .. .. .. 70 158 . .. .. .. • • Tekapo .. .. .. 136 159 Pukaki .. .. .. .. .. Hermitage .. .. .. 3 12 t> . . .. .. .. Omarama .. .. .. 13 18 „ .. .. .. .. Tekapo .. .. .. 17 25 Temuka .. .. •. • • Pleasant Point .. .. .. 113 159 tt .. .. .. .. Timaru .. .. .. 651 1,032 Junction M.H.s 119 and 215 .. .. Arowhenua . . .. .. . . 81 ,, .... Pleasant Point .. .. .. 345 450 „ • ■ .. .. Washdyke .. .. .. 265 373 Washdyke .. .. .. .. Timaru .. .. .. 1,140 1,522 .. .. .. .. Arowhenua .. .. .. 778 1,100 „ .. .. .. .. Pleasant Point .. .. .. .. 485 Junction M.H.s 101 and 216 .. .. Pareora .. .. .. .. 720 „ .... Otipua .. .. .. .. 201 210 .. .. Timaru .. .. .. .. 932 Gleniti .. .. .. .. ■ ■ Cave .. .. .. .. 367 409 Junction M.H.s 101 and 223 .. .. Timaru . . .. .. 439 583 „ .... Waimate .. .. .. 436 572 .... Cave .. .. .. .. 50 71 Junction M.H.s 101 and 120 .. .. Pareora .. .. .. 305 432 „ .... Studholme .. .. .. 140 214 „ .... Waimate .. .. .. Ill 238 McNamara's Corner .. .. . . Deek Creek .. .. .. .. 239 5J .. .. . . Waimate .. .. .. 160 252 .. .. .. Pukeuri Junction .. .. .. 452 South of Waimate . . . . . . Waihao Downs . . .. .. 121 238 Cave .. .. .. •• • • Tekapo .. .. .. 118 222 j; .. .. .. .. .. Martins Crossing .. .. 56 100 No. 16 District: Otago Central. Pukeuri Junction .. .. • • Waitaki River .. .. .. 303 458 ;; .. . . . . Oamaru .. .. .. 389 666 .. Kurow.. .. .. .. 179 204 Kurow .. .. .. . • • • Pukeuri .. .. .. 96 256 „ .. .. .. .. Omarama .. .. .. 98 138 .. .. . . .. Hakataramea .. .. .. 161 160 Omarama .. .. •• •• Kurow.. .. .. .. 39 77 „ .. .. .. .. Pukaki .. .. .. 40 69 „ .. .. .. .. Tarras .. .. .. 38 72 Junction M.H.s 125 and 119 .. .. Hawea Flat .. .. .. 23 34 „ .... Tarras .. .. .. 18 39 „ .... Cromwell .. .. .. 28 56 Junction M.H.s 119 and 262 .. .. Skippers .. .. .. 9 11 „ .... Queenstown .. .. .. 37 55 „ .... Arrowtown .. .. .. 26 46

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Average Daily Number of Motor-Tally-point. Traffic towards. 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 16 District: Otago Central—continued. Junction M.H.s 124 and 229 . . . . Queenstown .. .. . . .. 155 „ .... Cromwell .. . . .. . . 125 „ .... Kingston .. .. .. .. 91 Junction M.H.s 124 and 119 . . .. Arrowtown .. .. .. 33 52 ,, .... Hawea Flat .. . . .. 10 19 „ .... Cromwell .. .. .. 57 87 Cromwell Railway-station . . .. Clyde .. .. .. .. 186 162 „ .... Queenstown .. .. .. 189 279 Lowburn .. .. .. .. Cromwell .. .. .. 108 142 „ .. .. .. .. Pembroke .. .. .. .. 107 Clyde .. .. . . .. .. Alexandra .. .. .. 176 136 ,, .. .. .. .. Springvale .. .. .. 26 45 ,, .. .. .. . . . . Cromwell .. . . .. 190 162 Alexandra .. .. . . . . Roxburgh .. .. .. 83 105 „ .. .. .. . . Springvale .. .. .. 174 172 .. Clyde .. .. .. .. 96 221 Becks .. .. .. .. .. Springvale .. .. .. 75 77 „ .. .. .. St. Bathans .. .. .. 38 40 ,, .. .. .. .. Hills Creek .. .. .. 62 53 Junction Nos. 227 and 124 .. St. Bathans .. .. .. 37 40 „ .... Ranfurly . . .. .. 46 78 ,, .... Moa Creek .. . . .. 50 40 Junction M.H.s 124 and 614 .. .. Middlemareh .. .. .. 26 34 „ .. .. Ranfurly .. .. .. 69 96 „ .... Dunback .. .. .. 52 76 Patearoa .. .. .. .. Waipiata .. .. .. .. 94 Junction M.H.s 124 and 126 . . .. Ranfurly .. .. .. 88 105 „ .... Palmerston .. .. .. 117 125 „ .... Middlemareh .. .. .. 28 27 Junction M.H.s 101 and 288 .. .. Oamaru . . .. .. 230 429 „ .... Palmerston .. . . .. 297 462 „ .... Bushey .. .. .. 76 76 Evansdale .. .. .. .. Dunedin .. .. .. 426 644 ,, .. .. .. . . Palmerston .. .. .. 286 502 „ .. .. . . .. Merton .. .. .. 138 151 Near "Waitati .. .. . . . . Dunedin .. .. .. .. 680 „ .. .. .. .. Palmerston .. .. .. .. 720 ,, .. .. .. .. Port Chalmers .. .. .. .. 20 Junction M.H.s 225 and 642 .. Dunedin .. .. .. .. 362 „ .... Port Chalmers .. .. .. .. 376 „ .... Waitati .. .. .. .. 85 No. 17 District: Otago South. Macandrew Bay .. .. .. . . ! Dunedin . . . . .. 449 717 Junction M.H.s 156 and 233 . . .. Portobello .. .. .. .. 159 „ .... Highclifl .. .. .. .. 162 Mosgiel Junction. . .. .. .. Dunedin .. .. .. 1,045 1,479 „ .. .. .. .. Mosgiel .. .. .. 487 712 „ .. .. .. . . Henley .. .. . . 563 808 Brighton .. .. .. . . Taieri Mouth . . .. .. 277 450 Outram.. .. .. .. .. Middlemareh .. .. .. 66 70 „ .. .. .. .. Mosgiel .. .. .. 116 129 „ .. .. .. .. .. Berwick .. . . .. 55 70 Clarendon .. .. .. .. Gore .. .. .. 500 535 Clarksville .. .. .. .. Balclutha . . . . . . 277 477 .. Milton .. .. .. 390 593 ,, .. . .. .. Lawrence .. .. .. 138 240 Balclutha .. .. .. .. Kaitangata .. .. .. 202 297 „ .. .. .. . . Tuapeka Mouth . . .. 140 260 „ .. . . . . .. Dunedin .. . . .. 668 826 „ .. .. .. .. Invercargill .. .. .. .. 1,180 Junction M.H.s 150 and 646 .. .. Owaka.. .. .. .. .. 72 „ .... Balclutha .. .. .. .. 101

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Average Daily Number of Motori m i. j vehicles as per Tally-point. I rathe towards. Census 1934-35.! 1937-38. No. 17 District: Otago South —continued. South of Owaka (M.H. 150) .. .. North of Junction .. .. 210 57 „ .... South of Junction . . .. .. 29 Waiwera .. .. .. .. Balclutha .. .. .. 77 222 „ .. .. .. .. Clinton .. .. .. 81 198 „ .. .. .. .. Clydevale .. .. .. 25 33 Waipahi .. .. .. .. Tapanui .. .. .. 27 56 „ .. .. .. .. Clinton .. .. .. 128 33 .. McNab .. .. .. 134 241 Tapanui .. .. .. .. Waipahi .. .. .. 83 109 „ .. .. .. .. Tapanui Railway-station .. 51 68 ,, .. .. .. .. North of Tapanui .. .. 130 165 Rae's Junction .. .. .. .. Miller's Flat .. .. .. 102 152 „ .. .. .. .. Lawrence .. .. .. 120 159 „ .. .. .. .. Edievale .. .. .. 74 98 Roxburgh .. .. .. .. North of Roxburgh .. .. 409 215 Middlemarch .. .. .. .. Outram .. .. .. 150 115 „ .. .. .. .. Dunback .. .. .. 181 185 „ .. .. .. .. North of Middlemarch .. .. 192 133 No. 18 District: Invercargill. North of Te Anau .. .. Te Anau .. .. .. 84 37 Junction M.H.s 134 and 248 .. .. Key .. .. .. .. .. 44 „ .. .. Te Anau .. .. .. 70 34 „ .... Manapouri .. .. .. 14 13 Mossburn .. .. .. .. Wreys Bush .. .. .. 42 58 „ .. .. .. .. Lumsden .. .. .. Ill 127 „ .. .. .. .. Te Anau .. .. .. 84 86 Castlerock .. .. .. .. Mossburn .. .. .. 71 89 „ .. .. .. .. Lumsden .. .. .. 58 126 „ .. .. .. .. Winton .. .. .. 67 116 Lumsden .. .. .. .. Castlerock .. .. .. 77 120 „ .. .. .. .. Riversdale .. .. .. 104 163 „ .. .. .. .. Kingston .. .. .. 40 86 Waiparu .. .. .. .. Waikaia .. .. .. 58 73 „ .. .. .. .. Pyramid .. .. .. 42 46 „ .. .. .. .. Riversdale .. .. .. 27 33 Riversdale .. .. .. .. Nine Mile .. .. .. 84 77 „ .. .. .. .. Te Anau .. .. .. 192 195 .. Gore .. .. .. .. 133 127 Willowbank .. .. .. .. Edievale .. .. .. 77 95 „ .. .. .. . . Waikaka .. .. .. 82 112 .. McNab .. .. .. 131 192 McNab .. .. .. .. .. Dunedin .. .. .. 188 332 „ .. .. .. .. Waikaka .. .. .. 163 207 „ • • ■ • • • • • Gore .. .. .. .. 341 520 Gore .. .. .. .. .. Invercargill .. .. .. 399 652 .. McNab .. .. .. .. 806 .. Winton .. .. .. 120 184 Edendale .. .. .. .. Gore .. .. .. .. 270 428 „ •. • • • ■ • ■ Invercargill .. .. .. .. 514 „ .. .. .. .. Seaward Downs . . .. .. 316 „ .. • • .. .. Wyndham .. .. .. 70 271 Junction M.H.s 131 and 238 .. .. Waimahaka . . .. .. 51 81 ,, .... Mataura Island . . .. .. 46 85 „ .... Glenham .. .. .. 39 52 Near Fortrose .. .. . . . . Waimahaka .. .. .. 59 79 •. Fortrose .. .. .. 114 151 „ • • • • • • ■. Invercargill .. .. .. 92 129 Junction M.H.s 131 and 615 .. .. Tokanui .. .. .. .. 79 „ .... Papatowai .. .. .. 8 54 „ .... Waikawa .. .. .. ,. 67 South of Invercargill (M.H. 101) .. .. Bluff .. .. .. .. 450 423

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Speeds on Main Highways. The speed of motor traffic on main highways is often the subject of much comment, in which opinions differ as to what may be termed the prevailing speeds at which motor-vehicles travel. While this question usually stimulates considerable public interest because of its relation to the problem of road safety, it is also of great importance to roading authorities as a vital factor in determining matters relative to highway standards and design. In the absence of authentic data it has been necessary for technical staff to depend largely upon general observations and knowledge gained from years of practical experience. However, in order to secure more reliable information on the matter, a number of speed tests were carried out during the year in each highway district throughout the Dominion. Although the results are not claimed'to be absolutely conclusive, they provide an indication of the range of speeds at which motor-vehicles travel under certain conditions. In conducting these tests vehicles were carefully timed over selected paved sections of approximately one mile of main highway on which sight distances were good and no cross-roads existed. The sections comprised flat to easy grades, on straights, and the tests were taken when the pavement was dry and when no patrol officers were in evidence.

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Average Daily Number of Motor - Tally-point. Traffic towards vohklra as per 1934-35. 1937-38. No. 18 District: Invercargill— continued. Tisbury.. .. .. •. •. Invercargill .. .. .. 129 157 ,, . . .. .. .. Fortrose .. .. .. .. 139 Kennington .. .. .. .. Dunedin .. .. .. 395 614 „ .. .. .. . . Invercargill .. .. .. 487 762 „ .. . . .. .. Waikawa .. .. .. 201 263 Lorne .. .. .. .. Invercargill .. .. .. 1,257 1,720 Riverton .. .. .. 870 1,256 „ .. .. .. .. .. Hedgehope .. .. .. 123 171 Hedgehope .. .. .. .. Browns .. .. .. 79 114 „ Gore 97 123 ,, .. .. .. .. Lorne .. .. .. .. 50 60 Winton .. .. .. • ■ Makarewa .. .. .. 350 485 „ .. .. .. .. Oreti .. .. .. .. 181 232 „ .. .. .. .. Centre Bush .. .. .. 198 299 Argvle .. .. .. ■ • • • Invercargill .. .. .. 398 569 „ .. .. .. .. Riverton .. .. .. 291 430 „ .. .. .. .. .. Tuatapere .. .. .. 161 199 Junction M.H.s 147 and 278 .. .. Riverton .. .. .. 186 274 )t .... Flint's Bush .. .. .. 83 116 ;l .... Invercargill .. .. .. 259 358 Between Riverton and Orepuki .. .. Riverton .. .. .. 85 106 Groper's Bush .. . . .. ■ ■ Thornbury .. .. .. 56 79 „ .. . . .. .. Fairfax .. .. . . Ill 162 „ .. .. . . .. Riverton .. .. .. 67 108 Fairfax .. .. .. . • Calcium .. .. .. 78 96 Otautau .. .. .. 162 171 .. .. .. .. Riverton .. .. .. 141 196 Junction M.H.s 136, 244, and 656 .. .. Paulin's Bush .. .. .. .. 17 „ .. .. Otautau .. .. .. .. 64 „ .. .. Drummond .. .. .. .. 32 „ . . .. Calcium .. .. .. • • 44 Otautau Dairy Factory .. .. .. Otautau .. .. .. 274 352 .. .. .. Nightcaps .. .. .. 134 171 „ .. .. .. Orawia .. .. .. 140 187 North of Tuatapere (M.H. 292) .. .. Tuatapere .. .. .. 133 254 .. Clifden .. .. .. .. 135 Orawia .. .. . . ■. ■ • Otautau .. .. .. 95 136 Tuatapere .. .. .. 52 80 „ Ohai 49 87 Nightcaps .. .. .. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ • ■ • 303 Winton .. .. .. 139 201 n .. .. .. .. Otautau .. .. .. 101 186 James Street (Junction M.H. 133) .. .. Waihopai Bridge, Town Terminus .. 2,438

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The diagram below shows the summarized results for motor-cars and motor-trucks respectively and supplies evidence as to the range of speeds at which these vehicles are operated under the most favourable circumstances. As the older models of vehicles disappear in the course of time it is probable that some increase will develop in the lower range of speeds. In the designing of highway requirements consideration must necessarily be given to the speed characteristics of traffic, and although this is by no means the governing factor it is of definite value when formulating standards which must provide every possible degree of safety.

Measures to promote Road Safety.

In its last report the Board outlined certain suggestions, which it had submitted to the New Zealand Eoad Safety Council and which were considered to be of importance to road-controlling authorities in their activities for making roads safer to traffic. Throughout the year under review attention has been given to many items in the course of highways operations, and the improved conditions have contributed towards the public campaign for safer roads. Mention was made last year of the intention to erect protective fencing in dangerous localities. A certain amount of this class of work has been carried out, but owing to non-delivery of the cable required progress was somewhat retarded. In the meantime posts have been procured, and in some cases erected, in readiness for attaching the cable as soon as it is to hand. In the course of reconstruction work, particularly in precipitous country where formation widths are limited, low concrete or stone walls have been built so as to afford a greater sense of security. Prior to the last holiday season special instructions were issued requiring the clearing of natural growth where visibility at corners or bridge approaches was affected and where sign-posts were obscured. It was also directed that bridge-ends,, approach fences, &c., were to be clearly marked by white painting and that indistinct centre-line markings were to be repainted. The beneficial effect of these measures was most marked, and steps have been taken to ensure that constant attention will be given to this requirement. Further progress has been made with the erection of white-painted guide-posts on the sides of highways for the purpose of assisting motorists travelling at night. This type of direction marking has been much appreciated, especially in districts subject to fogs. Considerable advance has been made by way of providing better superelevation at curves, particularly on gravelled roads. The increased amount of up-to-date grading equipment now in use on main highways has facilitated the work of correcting superelevation in the course of ordinary maintenance operations. When submitting its last annual report the Board advised that investigations were being made into the question of providing footpaths on main highways in populous areas. Hitherto it had not been found possible to grant financial assistance towards this class of work except in the case of footways on bridges. However, the urgency of catering in some degree for the safety of pedestrian traffic was recognized, and as the result of inquiries it was decided that in specially approved cases a highway 'subsidy of £1 for £1 would be granted towards the construction and surfacing of footpaths. It appeared that in several localities paths had been formed, and sometimes metalled, but pedestrians were disinclined to make use of them when the adjacent highway was paved with a smooth surface. It has therefore been arranged that, wherever possible, footpaths be constructed with a paved surface in order to effectively separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic, and the cost of this type of surface is subject to the subsidy rate mentioned.

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So far local authorities have not taken up to any great extent the subsidy available for footpaths, but a certain amount of work has been done and there are indications that applications for assistance towards this important class of improvement will become more general in the early future. Recently it was suggested to the Board that when eliminating bends in the coarse of realigning main highways, it would be of advantage to retain short metalled portions of the old road so as to allow disabled vehicles to park with safety, or perhaps to allow a convenient space for sight-seeing. This suggestion was adopted, and it is now proposed that, unless circumstances render such a course inexpedient, portions of old road will be retained at suitable distances to provide spaces for traffic to park clear of the usual trafficable road. This policy will, of course, apply to rural rather than urban or suburban districts. Visit of Inspection to the North Island and Contact with Local Bodies. Towards the latter part of the financial year covered by this report the Board visited the North Island for the purpose of inspecting the main highways and conferring with local authorities relative to highway matters. As was the case with a similar visit paid to the South Island in the previous year, it was three years since the Board had travelled through the North Island, and the many improvement works carried out during that period were indicative of the progress which had been made, especially in the direction of dustless surfacing, realignment, the raising of sections subject to flooding, and bridging. During recent years good progress has been made in the direction of extending dustless surfacing, and from its inspection of main highways, in both the North and South Islands, the Board feels that it is desirable, if at all possible, to accelerate paving operations. The great increase in traffic during recent years has made it difficult, if not almost impossible, in some cases to maintain gravelled surfaces in reasonably good condition. In addition, the dust nuisance, especially during the summer season, becomes most acute and creates conditions which do not promote safety on the highways. Also from time to time representations have been made by landowners that dust from an adjoining heavily trafficked highway is injurious to pastures used for grazing. In the opinion of the Board it is very desirable and necessary to extend dustless paving, especially on heavily trafficked routes. This matter is to receive special consideration during the present financial year. During its conferences with local authorities the Board intimated that it would always be glad to consider suggestions from them in regard to the administration of State highways. Although the Board exercises control of the State system and endeavours to provide, as far as possible, for the requirements of both arterial and local traffic, it recognizes that local governing bodies may sometimes wish to submit representations regarding the special needs of a particular district. Complaints during Reconstruction. With the increased mileage of dustless paving and the improved alignment and visibility on several highways, there has been developed a degree of travelling comfort not hitherto enjoyed by motor traffic. From complaints which are given publicity from time to time it appears as if some travellers, having become accustomed to comfortable conditions, are not prepared to make allowances where temporary inconvenience has to be suffered during the progress of highway reconstruction. It is not always possible to arrange for by-passes when, in the course of improvements, a section of road has to be disturbed, and consequently it is necessary for traffic to use the road under abnormal conditions. Generally speaking, the average motorist is careful in negotiating these sections and shows consideration for the workmen, but, unfortunately, there are some who dislike any impediment to easy travel, and it is this latter class which is prone to make unfair criticism. As far as possible the Board provides reasonable right-of-way for traffic during reconstruction operations, and it appreciates the assistance of road-users during the temporary period of inconvenience until the full benefit of improvement work has been obtained. In addition to adverse comment arising from working-conditions, there is a certain amount of criticism, frequently of an extravagant nature, against the standard of construction. This mostly happens when the work is being first opened up, and the full effects of the proposals cannot be visualized. In some localities paving which was laid twenty years ago on reasonably good horizontal alignment has become disintegrated under modern and fast heavy traffic. Not only does the surface require renewal, but the foundations need correction and strengthening, and to carry out this work to the original standards would merely perpetuate conditions which are a definite hazard to safety. The method adopted in these cases is, firstly, to make an engineering survey and investigate the possibilities of improvement, and, secondly, to formulate proposals which will give the maximum benefit at reasonable cost. In order to obtain adequate sight-distance it is often necessary to lower the crown of the road on short gradients 011 sections constructed many years ago and also to realign portions where visibility is limited. By these means a more uniform standard, with safer road conditions, is obtained. It is significant that within a very short time after the completion of this class of work any suggestion of criticism quickly disappears, and the improvements are accepted as normal and reasonable. Improving Visibility at Corners and Intersections. In quite a number of localities throughout the Dominion visibility for motor traffic is extremely restricted at corners, especially where buildings are in existence. Also at intersections of side roads, some of which carry only a small amount of traffic, dangerous conditions arise from the fact that neither main-road traffic, nor vehicles emerging from the side road, have adequate sight-distance.

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In order to provide for present and future requirements in these cases the Board is investigating the possibility of acquiring land as early as possible, so that buildings or other obstructions will not be erected on the area needed for improvements. In fact, in several instances the necessary land has already been acquired. In cases of urgency the setting-back of the highway reserve will be undertaken immediately, but in other cases the land is to be reserved for road purposes in anticipation, so that actual improvements can be carried out as circumstances allow. At present the Board's investigations will apply principally to conditions on State highways, but it is prepared to co-operate with local authorities in control of main highways regarding similar action. As a matter of fact the Board has approved of a number of corner improvements submitted by local authorities and has granted assistance by way of subsidy in respect of the cost involved. Lighting on Main Highways. The steadily increasing motor traffic on main highways has created many problems for roading authorities, and one of the most important is that relating to safety for night travelling. Much has been done in the way of constructing wider roads, improving the alignment, and providing better visibility so as to obtain reasonably safe conditions. Notwithstanding the advances which have been made, however, the difficulties of night driving appear to have increased particularly where the density of traffic is comparatively high. The speed of modern motor-vehicles and their powerful lighting equipment combine to make night driving dangerous. In recent years many of the older countries of the world have made investigations and conducted extensive experiments in order to solve the problem of highway lighting. In New Zealand most of the road and street lighting is of the incandescent type and insufficient for the needs of modern traffic. Some improvement has been obtained by the adoption of the gaseous discharge type of lighting, but this has been confined mostly to urban streets. Modern methods of street lighting involve considerable expense not only for the initial installation, but also for maintenance, which must include electricity-supply, and no doubt the financial aspect has been mainly responsible for the limited amount of flood lighting which has been carried out up to the present. The New Zealand Road Safety Council prepared a report on the matter and recommended that steps be taken to adequately light sections of main highways where the average traffic amounted to 2,500 vehicles per day. These sections are confined to the suburban districts adjacent to the larger cities and are included in the State highways system. The Board agreed to adopt the Safety Council's proposals, and in order to formulate comprehensive plans for an adequate system of highway lighting obtained the services of a number of experienced electrical engineers, who agreed to act as a technical advisory committee. It is anticipated that in the near future plans will be completed for lighting certain sections of State highways so as to obviate the necessity of using strong headlights, and thus promote safer conditions. Standardization of Road Signs. Within recent years it was found that a variety of warning-signs were being used throughout the Dominion, especially in connection with reconstruction and repair work on roads and in denoting the existence of circumstances requiring special care on the part of motorists. It was common to find a sign purporting to give warning against dangerous conditions, when actually no particular danger existed, but conditions rather called for the exercise of greater caution. As the result of a conference of interested parties convened by the Transport Department proposals were prepared for simplifying warning-signs, and these were later included in the Traffic Sign Regulations, gazetted in April, 1937. This standardization of signs has been appreciated by roading authorities and the travelling public, and makes a further contribution towards the promotion of safety. Signposting, Centre-line Marking, etc. The cost of signposting carried out on main highways by Automobile Associations during the year ended 31st March, 1938, was subsidized at the rate of £3 for £1, the cost to the Board being £4,215. The total amount contributed by the Board towards this work up to the date mentioned has been £18,619. In cases where the Board or local authorities erected signs required by regulation, or for traffic safety, the cost was included as part of ordinary maintenance, and centre-line marking was also regarded as maintenance. Working-conditions and Rates of Wages. The majority of main highways are under the immediate control of local authorities, which claim against the Board from time to time for subsidy payments. As these authorities paid varying rates for the different classes of labour, it has been the policy to fix wage-rates on which subsidy payments could be made. In previous years when no industrial awards were operative the basic rates for subsidy purposes corresponded with those paid by the Public Works Department. At present most, if not all, classes of labour employed by local authorities on main highways are subject to Arbitration Court awards, and the rates and conditions prescribed therein are admissible in respect of subsidy claims. Main highways controlled directly by the Board are administered through the Public Works Department, which has a separate agreement with the employees' union governing wages and conditions of employment. Apart from regular maintenance activities and construction works let by public tender, the majority of the men employed by the Department are working under the co-operative contract system.

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Residential Accommodation for Regular Surfacemen. Special attention has been given to the improvement of housing accommodation for regular surfacemen on main or State highways controlled directly by the Board. Generally speaking, these employees make their own arrangements in the matter of housing, but in cases where it cannot be obtained convenient to a patrol length, and especially in isolated localities where it is necessary to station a surfaceman for maintenance-work, the Board provides suitable cottage accommodation, for which a reasonable rental is paid. In the past some of the accommodation has not been very satisfactory, largely because hutments from construction works have been used or remodelled. However, several permanent cottages have already been erected to replace accommodation which was found to be below present standards, and action in this direction will be continued until reasonable housing has been supplied. An endeavour has been made to provide facilities which will afford a degree of comfort not enjoyed previously. For example, up-to-date domestic installations are included in accommodation for married employees, and two- or three-roomed bach dwellings are supplied for single employees who are located a considerable distance from the amenities of civilization. In quite a number of cases cottages formerly owned by local authorities when in charge of main highways have been purchased and renovated by the Board, consequent upon these highways having been taken over as part of the State system. Beautification of Highways. Growing public interest is being shown in the beautification of highways, and during the past year several requests have been received from local authorities seeking the Board's permission and co-operation in schemes of this nature. While the Board is sympathetic to the general principle of tree-planting on road reserves adjacent to main highways, the rights and safety of the travelling public are regarded as of paramount importance, and their interests would not, of course, be subordinated to tree-planting schemes. Where, therefore, road safety is likely to be adversely affected or where tree-planting would be likely to interfere with power or telegraph lines the Board does not sanction any scheme. In localities where tree-planting could be undertaken without interference to traffic or detriment to the highway, every consideration will be given to any proposals formulated by interested bodies. In considering the type of trees most suitable for this purpose due regard must be given to those which do not attain any great height, for the reason that tall-growing trees in the passage of time tend to overshadow the road and create undesirable and dangerous conditions. Native trees and shrubs or other plants which on maturity are of medium height, would not, of course, create the same disadvantages as trees. Owing to the varying climatic conditions in the different provinces of the Dominion, the suitability of the various species needs to be considered according to local circumstances. In this connection the Board has requested the co-operation of the State Forest Service in the selection of trees. Care in laying out a scheme of planting is of great importance, as in most places it is necessary to occasionally remove vegetation by mowing or other methods, and the presence of trees and shrubs situated in close proximity to the roadway constitutes a hindrance to the efficient removal of undergrowth. Furthermore, the rights of stock traversing public roads must not be overlooked, and any obstacles to hinder the right of way would be undesirable. In the interests of motor traffic it is preferable for stock to travel as much as possible on the outside of the road-formation. While every consideration will be given to any beautification scheme put forward, the Board cannot at present allocate any of its funds for the planting, maintenance, or trimming of trees on highway reserves by reason of the fact that all available finance is required for actual highways work to meet urgent traffic needs. Advances to Local Authorities. During the past financial year the Board has, in pursuance of the powers conferred upon it by special legislation, continued its policy of advancing to those local authorities, which were unable to raise loans from other sources, their share of the cost of urgent works on main highways. The number of loan agreements entered into last year was twenty-one, covering an amount of £28,801 19s. 3d., as compared with twenty agreements, totalling £29,401 7s. 9d., for the previous year. The total principal outstanding at 31st March, 1938, in respect of past advances was £103,932 7s. Bd. Plant. Local authorities have continued to avail themselves of the facilities provided by the Board to enable them to acquire plant under the hire-purchase system, the purchases for 1937-38 amounting to £36,415, as compared with £15,694 for 1936-37 and £18,090 for 1935-36. Since the inception of this scheme plant to the value of £241,333 has been purchased, of which sum £43,527 remained outstanding at 31st March, 1938. The items purchased during the year under this system were : Graders, 18 ; trucks, 6 ; crushers, 2 ; tractors, 2 ; rotary granulator, 1 ; tractor shovel, 1 ; roller, 1 ; excavator, 1. In addition to the above, the Board purchased the following items of plant for its own use : Motorlorries, 71 ; tractors, 53 ; graders, 44 ; compressors, 16 ; crusher and elevator, 15 ; pump and engine, 14 ; planers, 14 ; sprayers, 9 ; excavators, 7 ; motor-cars, 6 ; scrapers, 6 ; pump and motor, 5 ; roadmarkers, 5 ; pumps, 4 ; mixers, 3 ; rollers, 5 ; trailers, 3 ; crushers, 3 ; hoists, 2 ; mower, 2 ; loader, 2 ; rock-rooter, 1 ; road-sweeper, 1 ; sand-drier, I ; sharpener, 1 ; snow-plough, 1 ; winch, 1 ; oil-engine, 1 ; crusher and pulverizer, 1 ; drill, 1 ; transformer, 1 ; machine hacksaw, 1 ; conveyor, 1 ; generator, 1; road-maintainer, 1.

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Classification op Roads relative to Maximum Geoss Loading. In September, 1937, the Commissioner of Transport convened a meeting of representatives of roading authorities and of commercial transport interests for the purpose of discussing the question of road classification in relation to pay-loads for the transport of general goods. Representations had been made to the Government regarding difficulties being encountered in providing for economic loads and at the same time affording an adequate measure of protection to the roads. A further aspect was the desirability of encouraging the most efficient and economic type of vehicle, having regard to its effect upon the road and its load-carrying capacity. The Board was represented at the Conference. General agreement was reached in the matter of maximum gross loading on Class V and Class IV roads, and it was decided to recommend an increase of one half of a ton in each class, making the maximum 3J tons and 5 tons gross respectively. With regard to multi-axled vehicles, the Conference decided to recommend the elimination of the existing gross weight restrictions and the adoption of certain maximum axle-loads for the respective classes. In the matter of raising the loading for Class 111 roads, the Board was unable to support the proposal to apply the extra half-ton to this class. No objection was raised to the increase for Classes V and IV for the principal reason that the general highways policy was to raise the standard of main highways to the existing Class 111 loading, and any cost involved in strengthening roads to that standard was regarded as part of the normal improvement programme. Furthermore, the additional half-ton on the lower class roads would allow of economic pay-loads to the advantage of transport and the country as a whole. It was considered that the time was not opportune for allowing extra weights on Class 111 roads, principally because the majority of rural main highways were not sufficiently developed. Eventually the proposed increased loading was sanctioned. The Conference also agreed to recommend that all goods vehicles exceeding 2 tons gross weight should be restricted to a maximum speed of 25 miles per hour. Testing op Highway Materials. As in former years, the Petrological Laboratory has continued the usual testing of rocks and metals, but it had been realized for some time that the standard tests for abrasion, hardness, and toughness were not entirely adequate to disclose the suitability or otherwise of metal and gravel for present-day roading. Some suitable tests for sealing chips crushed from water-worn gravel were also urgently required. A certain degree of success had been achieved in this direction by various loadings of the Deval abrasion machine, but it appeared that the Los Angeles abrasion machine, which has been successfully used in America and Australia, would adequately disclose the suitability or otherwise of road-metal and sealing-chips, whether water-worn or not. In this machine the stone is subjected to impact, so that the test resembles much more closely actual road conditions. A Los Angeles abrasion machine has been ordered, and should be in service for the approaching sealing season. During the year arrangements were made for the Public Works Office in Wellington to undertake the necessary testing of top-course aggregates, subgrade materials, and sealing-chips. Many gravels, rocks, sands, clays, subgrade soils, and sealing-chips have been examined and reported upon. Full advantage is being taken by many districts of this testing service, although some other districts do much of the essential testing-work in their own offices, and forward occasional samples for check tests only. The examination and classification of road-surfacing materials has become an important function of the Board, and gratifying results are being achieved in road-construction as a result of the testing-work. As roading authorities become more conversant with the advances that have been developed in subgrade practice, and as the value of the stabilized top-course becomes more generally appreciated, soil and gravel testing will assume even greater importance. The Dominion Analyst has examined and tested, on behalf of the Board, numerous bituminous materials for road surfacing. Owing to the shortage of certain tar products and asphaltic materials during the past season, the Dominion Analyst was often called upon to make the necessary tests and to suggest suitable mixtures to take the place of bituminous materials which were not available in the country. As yet very little research work has been undertaken in connection with bituminous materials for New Zealand roading, but the time is opportune when some investigation, apart from routine testing, should be carried out as to the most suitable materials for the conditions obtaining in this country, and for the types of work developed by the Board. For instance, viscosity-temperature curves for road oils would be most valuable, as also would curves of viscosity or ductility plotted against age or period of service. This latter test would require the development of some form of accelerated weathering. Highway Engineering and Design. The continually increasing volume of motor traffic over the past few years and the highwayaccident rate have shown that existing standards of road design in New Zealand will not meet the requirements of future traffic. This is a world - wide problem which is being attacked no less energetically in New Zealand than in any other motoring country of the world. Research has been concentrated on the geometrical layout of the road and the building of the greatest measure of safety into the road surface itself. The difficulties to be faced will be appreciated when it is realized that, owing to the comparatively short life of a motor-vehicle, it can be redesigned and improved every few years, whereas it would be quite out of the question to redesign our roading system even, say, every ten years. However, against

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the bugbear of highway obsolescence it is found that although in some countries certain highways are being designed for speeds of 80 miles to 100 miles per hour, yet in these very countries limits as low as 45 miles per hour are being introduced. This may be an indication, therefore, that the highways of the future will consist of a duplicate system. On the one hand will be the general-utility or service highway where comparatively low speed values will apply and, more or less, paralleling this highway will be built, when population warrants it, the superhighway possibly designed for 100 miles per hour, on which there will be no speed-limits. The Board recognizes that in the meantime New Zealand, with its sparse population, will have to be content with the general-utility highway, designed as far as possible to meet safety requirements. In any case, on the grounds of cost, the physical characteristics of the country preclude the immediate introduction of super standards. Of recent years, as opportunity has offered, the radius of curvature along the highways has been gradually increased. During the past year new standards were laid down as to superelevation with a view to making curves along distinct sections of highway of uniform speed value. _ Special consideration is also being given to the provision of transition curves more in keeping with the speed of modern traffic than those heretofore adopted. Not more than ten or fifteen years ago it was considered that superelevation was the most important factor in connection with road curves, and more recently it has been realized that the radius of curves must be generally increased to accommodate modern road transport. It is now being recognized that in negotiating curves at present-day speeds the most important factor is the rate of change of direction, or, in other words, the rate at which centrifugal force is applied. With the works of Professor Moyer, of United States of America, and Professor Royal-Dawson and Mr. Henry Criswell, of England, as a basis, the Board is carrying out investigations for New Zealand conditions, and already several highways are being laid out on the transition principle. In the near future it is hoped to issue general instructions on the matter. In regard to road surfacing, as a result of research and experimental work, a type of surface sealing has been developed which has considerable merit over the older type of sealing, which was laid primarily as a dust-layer and which has been the standard practice until recently. The earlier sealing was a marked improvement on the gravel road, but, nevertheless, as traffic intensified and speeds increased it became apparent that these old bituminous surfaces were not meeting modern requirements. Firstly, the sealing had varying tendencies towards " bleeding " in hot weather and slipperiness under cold, wet, or frosty conditions, and, secondly, as soon as the bitumen began to flush over the surface of the chips buinpiness and corrugations inevitably followed. The problem was attacked,, and a type of initial sealing has been developed such that, by a method of logically proportioning the bituminous binder, the stone chips remain exposed to provide a durable non-skid surface. At the same time visibility for night driving, especially under wet conditions, is much improved, and there is no " bleeding " in hot weather, with its attendant discomfort and danger to motorists, and constant source of concern to the maintenance authority. The method of proportioning the asphaltic binder is believed to be quite original, and is being very successfully applied in practice. It was found that a layer of sealing chips under rolling and the action of traffic soon compacts down with approximately 20 per cent, of voids. Since the chips have a tendency to lie on their flat, or, in other words, so that their least dimensions govern the compacted thickness of the aggregate layer, the ultimate thickness of the sealing carpet can be determined by ascertaining the average of the least dimensions of the chips by means of laboratory bar screens or by direct measurement. Knowing the final thickness of the layer of aggregate, which equals the average least dimension, and that there will be 20 per cent, of voids, it is a simple matter to calculate the amount of asphaltic binder to rise to any predetermined height round the stone fragments. It has been found in practice that there is sufficient working margin to ensure that chips are well held and yet remain exposed when chips of fairly uniform size with an average least dimension of \ in. or slightly greater are used, and the asphaltic binder is applied in sufficient quantity to rise to 60 per cent, of the height of the chips. This entails approximately 3/10ths gallon per square yard of road surface. In general, reasonably cubical chips from § in. to 1 in. by circular screen measurements are of about | in. average least dimension. Immediately after rolling the layer of chips contains some 30 per cent, of voids, and therefore the binder does not rise to any appreciable height, which means that the stones are held almost entirely by interlocking and pure adhesion. As traffic compaction takes place the corners and sharp edges are crushed from the chips, until the voids are reduced, and the binder is squeezed up round the stone fragments, which are then held less by pure adhesion and more by embedment in the binder. When the binder becomes hard under winter conditions embedment is the important factor in holding the covercoat. As the binder is proportioned so that it does not rise sufficiently to flush the chips, there is no objection to a soft asphaltic material, and the softest non-volatile straight-run or residual asphaltic road oils which will hold the chips in the early stages are used. Before the application of the road-oil seal, the road should be primed with a low-viscosity tar, so that there will be no loss of road oil into the macadam or gravel surface and to ensure strong adhesion of the seal coat. This type of surfacing has now passed the experimental stage, and for the greater part has been adopted as the type of initial bituminous treatment on macadam roads. Some of the earlier experimental sections have been in service over seven years, and, where the chips were of good quality the surfacing is in excellent order, with no indication that further treatment will be required for many years to come.

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Owing to the introduction of smooth-riding "plant-mix" and "road-mix" shortly after the development of the new type of sealing, the motorist began to be dissatisfied with any surface showing slight irregularities. While the exposed chip sealing in itself did not become wavy or irregular, the underlying macadam was not in all cases constructed to a very high standard of smoothness and' also the roller-compacted macadam continued to deform under traffic. This meant that the seal coat did not retain its smooth-riding qualities. It is gratifying to report that, as a result of further research and experimental work, a smoothriding stabilized gravel surface which does not readily deform can now be constructed, and therefore the exposed chip sealing which takes up the contour of the underlying macadam can be laid to provide a surface which retains its smooth-riding qualities. The stabilized gravel crust is somewhat dusty and is not suitable for the direct application of ordinary thin bituminous courses. This led to the development and use of thin or low viscosity tar primers, which kill the dust, penetrate and bind the surface, and form a bituminous skin to which a light asphaltic treatment will strongly adhere. The stabilized top-course has not only provided much smoother roads with inferior local materials but also the development of this type of work has been of considerable benefit to local industry! Prior to the need for tar primers, the gasworks, especially those with vertical retorts, found it difficult to dispose of any appreciable quantity of their tar, and large quantities were simply burnt under the furnaces. Sales had fallen to a very low figure, but, so rapidly has the advantage of tarpriming work been recognized, that during last season the gasworks of New Zealand could not meet the demand for tar primers. Much research has been conducted throughout the world into the construction of stable road foundations or subgrades, and the laying of durable metal crusts. Tests as developed in the United States of America have been used to some extent by the Board, but it is believed that for metal-crust, work the tests developed in this country are more satisfactory. The stabilized top-course as now adopted by the Board consists of a mineral aggregate densely graded from about 1 in. or § in. in size down to and including some cohesive clay. This is well mixed and evenly spread out by long wheel-base power-graders. While grading and planing continue, the aggregate is sprinkled from water-carts to the plastic stage, and then compacted by pneumatic-tired vehicles and ordinary traffic. A very dense and smooth-riding surface results. While it had been recognized to some extent that aggregates would not compact to a rigid mass unless a certain percentage of fine mineral material was incorporated it was not evident as to what quantity was required, or how fine the material should be, and there was no suitable method of determining the binding properties of the fines. By considerable laboratory research and road experimental work these problems have been sufficiently solved to allow the Board to lay down guiding principles and to adopt certain standards, subject to possible modification as continued experience in the various districts and under different climatic conditions throughout the Dominion may indicate. A short description of the method of ascertaining the binding or cementing properties of the fine clayey portion of the aggregate may be of interest. The total sand-clay material passing the 50-mesh sieve (U.S. series) is moistened to a plastic state, packed into standard cement/sand moulds, and allowed to dry out to constant weight. The briquettes so formed are than tested for tension strength m an ordinary tension machine, or by other improvised means. It has been found that sand-clay binders with a tension strength of 10 lb. per square inch provide sufficient binding in a metal crust. Tests of over 150 lb. per square inch have been obtained in some instances. In addition to the tension, the shrinkage of the binder fraction is determined by measuring the difference in length of the wet and dry briquette. The lineal shrinkage should not exceed 5 per cent of the wet length. The Board has continued its policy of improving old and out-of-shape bituminous surfaces. Many of the existing sealed and paved highways which have become far too rough and irregular for the safety and comfort of modern traffic are gradually being brought up to standard by the application of thin " evener " or " smoothing " courses. For the most part these treatments have so far consisted of a mixture of densely graded aggregate and liquid asphaltic material mixed either on the road or in a central plant, and usually known as road-mix "or " plant-mix." These mixtures are spread out and planed over the road with long wheel-base power-graders and road-planing machines, while ordinary traffic effects compaction. The surface provided is exceptionally smooth-riding, and besides making for increased safety it reduces to a minimum the damaging effect of impact on the road structure. This densely graded, low bitumen content type of smoothing course depends for stability very largely upon the grading of the aggregate, and therefore does not have the flexibility of the bituminous carpets with heavier films of soft asphalts. As a consequence of this condition " plant-mix " or " road-mix," whether as initial treatment or as smoothing course, should not be laid on any base which is not uniformly firm and rigid. Bituminous surfaces which have starred and cracked, unless they can first be repaired and sealed up to provide a uniformly rigid crust, are unsuitable for the application of plant-mix" or " road-mix." Bough, but sound, bituminous concrete (hot mix) and bituminous macadam (penetration) can be greatly improved by a " plant-mix" or " road-mix " smoothing course. In the case of old, cracked, and starred thin-sealing courses in which the bituminous binder has become hard and brittle due to old age, instead of applying a smoothing course, it has generally been more satisfactory to scarify and remove the old sealing from out-of-shape and rough sections, reshape the gravel with power-graders, and apply an entirely new seal coat,

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Some experimental sections of " drag-seal," which process has been developed to a high standard in Australia, have been laid. The Board is indebted to the Victorian Country Roads Board for particulars of this class of surfacing. Drag-seal work appears to remain somewhat open for a period after being laid, and as a consequence may not be entirely suitable in the colder districts of New Zealand, but where it is found to be satisfactory it will often serve a very useful purpose. Drag-seal surfacing is somewhat similar to " plant-mix" or " road-mix," except that open graded chips lying between J in. and § in. circular screen dimensions are used instead of the densely graded aggregate. The asphaltic binder is a kerosene type of cutback with a comparatively soft residue or base. In other words, a non-volatile heavy road-oil containing between 90 per cent, and 95 per cent, of 80/100 penetration asphalt is cutback with a kerosene distillate in the proportion of 10 per cent, to 15 per cent, of the total product. The chips and asphaltic binder are mixed together in a central plant or on the road, and then spread out to a true finish with long wheel-base graders, and rolled. After initial rolling, quarry grit or coarse sand is lightly spread over the surface to fill the voids. Further rolling and broom-dragging complete the work to a smooth riding finish. Special mixing and spreading machines have been developed in Australia, but so far in New Zealand this work has been accomplished with power-graders. Drag-seal will utilize chips which are unsuitable for the standard road-oil sealing, and which do not contain the necessary fines or filler for " plant-mix " or " road-mix." Another type of bituminous surfacing which has been developed in New Zealand, and is proving very satisfactory either as initial treatment on primed macadam or as a smoothing course on old waved and corrugated pavements, is what has been designated " emulsion broom-drag coat." This consists of a light-tack coat of quick-breaking emulsion, followed by an application of about | in. to f in. loose depth of clean \ in. chips (passing f in. or § in. circular screen and retained on f in. or \ in. circular screen) which are rolled, and then broom-dragged to a smooth and even surface. The chips are again thoroughly rolled, and, before any disturbance of the surface occurs, penetrated with quick-breaking emulsion so that the sum of the tack coat and the penetration coat is from 32 gallons to 36 gallons per cubic yard (loose) of chips with an emulsion containing from 52 per cent, to 55 per cent, of 200 penetration asphalt. Immediately following the second application of emulsion the surface is sanded and given a final roll. The emulsion broom-drag coat is very suitable for initial surfacing when the weather is unfavourable for hot bituminous work, and when clean but only wet chips are available. This type of surface can also be laid as a smoothing course without heavy graders and planers, but it may be possible to further improve the surface finish by blading the chips into position either with or without broom-dragging. Laboratory tests and road experiments are being conducted at the present time with a view to developing a cheap method of priming a gravel or macadam surface during the damp and cold winter months. The value of such a development will be obvious. The winter priming is required to hold the surface in good order until the summer, when the bituminous wearing-course can be applied. At the same time this priming coat must serve the functions of an ordinary tar primer when applied under suitable conditions. A type of road-mix with slow-setting emulsion has been laid with some degree of success, but the cost of such work precludes its general adoption. A rather novel experiment was conducted some while ago with the object of overcoming the numerous complaints against slippery longitudinal timber-planking on bridge decks. Ordinary wire netting of about 1J in. mesh with 16-gauge to 18-gauge wire was stretched and securely stapled along the wheel-tracks. This appears to have been completely successful in providing a durable non-skid surface. As far as possible advantage continues to be taken of the roading research and progress which is taking place overseas, but, unfortunately, much of the work as done in America and Europe, where different conditions prevail, is not applicable to New Zealand. While the Board is indebted largely to America, and especially the Bureau of Public Roads, for roading information, it has had to solve many of its own problems. The Board is pursuing with all energy a policy of research and investigation into the many roading problems which remain to be solved, with safer, better, and cheaper roads always as the objective. New Standard Specifications covering Formation, Preparation of Subgrade, Construction of Metal Crusts, Priming, and Road-oil Sealing have been recently distributed to the various roading authorities. An entirely separate specification for each class of work, covering a wider range of bituminous wearing-courses, together with various notes and instructions, are in course of preparation. These will be printed in the near future. Copies of the specifications will be available for inclusion in contract documents, while, in addition, the specifications, notes, and instructions will be bound together in loose-leaf form as general reference volumes. Operations of Magnetic Truck. The Board's magnetic truck, which is used for clearing main highways of iron or steel punctureproducing articles, has been in operation in the North Island during the year. The length of road actually cleared during the year ended 31st March, 1938, was 4,427 miles, as against 2,139 miles for the previous year, while the weight of material picked up by the magnet was 3,783 lb., as against 7,125 lb. for the previous year. The average yield per mile was 0-85 lb., the corresponding figure for 1936-37 being 3-3 lb.

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Examination fob Foremen and Overseers of Road-construction. The twelfth examination for Foremen and Overseers of Road-construction was held on the 2nd November, 1937. In all, fifty-one candidates presented themselves for examination, forty-four papers on general road construction and maintenance and twenty-two papers on tar, bituminous, and concrete road construction being returned. In paper No. 1 sixteen candidates were successful, while eight candidates passed paper No. 2. Two candidates passed the full examination, and a further six, who had previously secured a partial pass, completed the examination. Fourteen candidates who succeeded in one paper only were credited with a partial pass. All candidates save one who passed or completed the examination have been awarded a certificate of competency, the recipients being W. O. Anderson, S. H. Bird, W. F. Harper, R. 0. Kirk, J. A. Marris, J. Stevens-Jordan, and R. M. Walsh. The issuing of a certificate to one candidate has been held over until such time as he has gained further practical experience of tar, bituminous, and concrete road construction. Declarations, Revocations, and Adjustments of Main Highways. In accordance with the provisions of section 11 of the Main Highways Act, 1922, the usual annual review of main highways was made during the year. Recommendations were received from District Highways Councils for the declaration of 590 miles of roads as additional main highways and for the revocation of 24 miles of existing main highways. Owing, however, to the heavy commitments against highway funds arising from the immediate requirements of the present main highways system the Board was not in a position to recommend any general extension. In certain cases, however, in order to meet special circumstances and to give effect to desirable adjustments, a number of alterations were adopted. The following list shows the lengths of main highways declared during the year ended 31st March, 1938, including formal adjustments : — Main Highways declared. No. 1 Highway District—■ Miles. Chains. Lake Omapere - Maungaturoto via Whangarei .. .. . . .. 0 51 Dargaville-Tikinui .. .. .. . . . . . . I 28 Hokianga Road .. .. . . . . . . . . 1 12 No. 2 Highway District— Auckland-Maungaturoto .. .. .. .. .. 0 35 Bryant Home .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. 3 70 Huntly-Rotowaro .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 77 Horotiu - Whatawhata -Te Rore .. .. .. .. 0 42 Mangere Bridge - Papatoetoe .. .. .. .. .. 0 18 Pipiroa-Coromandel .. .. .. .. .. ..012 Coromandel - Mercury Bay .. .. .. .. .. ..04 No. 3 Highway District— Wainui . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 16 No. 4 Highway District — Opotiki -Te Araroa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 12 Manutuke-Wairoa via Mangapoike Valley . . . . .. .. 1 60 No. 5 Highway District — Gisborne-Wairoa via Hangaroa . . . . .. . . .. .. 0 26 No. 6 Highway District — Bruce .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 40 No. 9 Highway District — Paraparaumu Beach . . . . . . . . .. .. 0 16 Foxton Beach .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 58 Western Hutt . . .. . . . . .. .. . . .. 4 52 Wellington-Auckland via Taranaki . . . . . . . . .. 0 23 No. 10 Highway District — Lake Ferry .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 20 No. 11 Highway District — Picton-Blenheim . . .. .. .. .. .. ..05 Collingwood-Bainham .. . . . . . . . . .. . . 0 27 Richmond-Collingwood .. .. .. . . .. .. .. 0 53 No. 12 Highway District— Ross Railway-station .. .. . . .. .. .. 0 62 Inangahua Junction - Weheka .. . . .. .. .. .. 0 43 No. 14 Highway District —■ Cashmere - Ferry Bridge via Heathcote .. .. .. .. .. 1 36 No. 15 Highway District — Temuka - Pleasant Point .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 73 No. 16 Highway District — Alexandra-Clyde .. .. .. .. .. .. ..60 Wedderburn-Omakau via Ida Valley .. .. .. .. . . 23 33 Ida Valley Railway-station .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 67 Dunedin - Port Chalmers .. . . . . .. .. .. 0 60

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Main Highways declared-—continued. No. 17 Highway District — Miles. Chains. Dunedin-Portobello-Otakou .. .. .. .. ■. ..16 Balclutha - Kaka Point via Otanomomo .. .. .. .. .. 0 73 Dunedin-Harrington Point . . .. .. .. .. .. 16 30 No. 18 Highway District —• Queenstown-Invercargill .. .. .. .. •. .. 49 37 144 67 The following list shows the lengths of main highways revoked during the year ended 31st March, 1938, including adjustments : — Main Highways revoked. No. 1 Highway District —- Miles. Chains. Lake Omapere - Maungaturoto via Whangarei .. .. .. . . 0 50 Whangarei -Dargaville .. . . .. .. .. .. 1 28 Dargaville-Kaihu .. . . .. .. ■. • • .. 1 12 No. 2 Highway District — Auckland-Maungaturoto .. .. .. • ■ • ■ .. 0 35 Huntly-Rotongaro .. .. .. • ■ ■ ■ • • .. 6 27 No. 3 Highway District — Wainui .. .. .. ■ • • • • • • • .. 1 12 No. 5 Highway District — Napier-Gisborne via Wairoa .. .. .. .. .. ..07 No. 9 Highway District — Paraparaumu Beach .. .. .. . • • • • • 0 26 Foxton Beach .. .. .. .. - • • ■ • • ..20 Wellington-Auckland via Taranaki .. .. .. .. .. 0 32 No. 11 Highway District — Collingwood-Pakawau .. .. .. .. - • • • .. 0 27 Collingwood-Bainham .. .. .. .. • • • • .. 0 50 No. 14 Highway District — Christchurch-Motukarara via Sumner and Lyttelton .. .. .. 1 36 No. 15 Highway District — Temuka - Pleasant Point .. .. .. ■ • • • .. 1 30 No. 16 Highway District — Alexandra-Clyde .. .. .. • • - • • • .. 7 50 Ida Valley Railway-station - Moa Creek School .. .. ■ .16 0 Junction near Wedderburn - Moa Creek School .. .. .. . . 7 70 Port Chalmers - Waitati .. .. .. • • • • ..13 No. 17 Highway District — Balclutha - Kaka Point via Otanomomo .. .. .. .. .. 12 40 Dunedin-Portobello (Low Road) .. .. .. • • ■ ■ . . 10 16 Portobello-Otakou .. .. • • • • • • • • .. 5 32 Dunedin-Portobello-Otakou .. .. .. • • • • ..16 No. 18 Highway District — Queenstown-Invercargill .. .. • • • • • • .. 49 37 128 16 On the Ist April, 1938, the boundaries of the No. 2 Highway District were altered to include the Rodney County, which had previously formed part of the No. 1 Highway District. Appeal of Local Authority against Decision of Board as to Apportionment of Cost of Work. Section 6 of the Main Highways Amendment Act, 1936, provides that any local authority dissatisfied with any final decision of the Board, fixing the proportions of the cost of any work on a main highway, may appeal to the Minister of Public Works within one month after receiving such decision. Early in the past financial year the Hauraki Plains County Council appealed against the decision of the Board in respect of the county's share towards the cost of the proposed new bridge over the Piako River at Pipiroa. The Board was requested to submit its report on the case, which was considered along with the representations made by the County Council, and, after consideration, the Board's decision was confirmed and accepted by the local authority. The fact that, since this special legislation was passed, only one appeal has been lodged is an indication of the manner in which the Board considers all the circumstances in apportioning the costs of main highway works, and of the general acceptance, by local authorities, of the Board's decisions as being reasonable and fair.

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Progress Report. The following statement shows the more important construction work carried out under the control of the Board during the year ended 31st March, 1938 : — Whangarei-Awanui via Kawakawa : — Kamo-Hikurangi: The Snake Hill Deviation, which was carried out in conjunction with the formation of the approaches of the Kamo Overbridge, was completed, 54 ch. being formed and metalled. The overbridge, of three 30 ft. spans, was completed and opened to traffic. 9 ch. of the Springs Flat length was also formed and metalled, and the erection of two short-span bridges and one large culvert completed. A contract was let for the reconstruction and sealing of 1 m. 25 ch. between Kauri and Hikurangi. The Kauri Overbridge Deviation was continued, 12|-ch. being formed. The bridge itself has now been put in hand. Hikurangi-Waiotu : 50 ch. of deviation on improved alignment was completed. The erection of the Whakapara Bridge of six 40 ft. spans, is well in hand. The new bridge will have ample water-way, with a view to reducing local flooding. Hukerenui Flood Alleviation: The original work has been extended by 16 ch., and during the year 25 ch. was formed and 39 ch. metalled. The 90 ft. embankment bridge has been completed, and the approaches are being formed and metalled. The deviation is now available for use. Waiomio Flood Alleviation : The formation has been carried up to grade level, but has yet to be widened. A concrete bridge of three 30 ft. spans has been nearly completed. Milne's Flood Alleviation : The embankment has been metalled and is in use. Kawakawa-Waiomio : This section was reconstructed over a distance of 1J m., of which 1 m. has been metalled. Kawakawa Flood Alleviation : With the exception of the approaches to the bridges, the embankment has been completed and base-course metal applied. A contract has been let for the three permanent bridges, totalling 390 ft., and work is in hand. Moerewa Village (Reconstruction and Sealing) : The reconstruction of If m. preparatory to sealing has been commenced. Rangiahua and Mangamuka Flood Alleviations : The formation has been put in hand. Whangarei-Dargaville: — Kirikiri Bridge : The replacement of the existing one-way structure with a concrete bridge of 30 ft. span and 24 ft. roadway was completed. Steven's Hill: This deviation of 34 ch. is nearing completion. Besides shortening the distance, the new alignment eliminates a series of sharp reverse curves. The main cutting is in volcanic rock, some of which has been crushed for maintenance and construction metal. Dargarville-Maungaturoto: — Ruawai (Reconstruction and Sealing) : Reconditioning and widening of 6| m. was completed, and a contract let for 2m. of top-course metalling and sealing. Reconstruction will continue throughout the winter. Skelton's and Cliff's Bridges : A contract has been let for the erection of these bridges (170 ft. and 45 ft. long respectively), and work is in hand. Maungaturoto Village (Reconstruction and Sealing) : This work is in hand over a length of 40 oh. Whangarei-Maungaturoto via Waipu :— Whangarei-Oakleigh : The realignment of this section is proceeding, 1 m. 44 ch. being formed and Im. 12 ch. metalled during the year. The principle reconstruction work between Oakleigh and Portland Junction is now completed. The construction of two small bridges, at Portland Junction and at 5 m. 73 ch., is well in hand, and a third, over Te Wai-iti Stream, has been completed, eliminating a well-known danger spot. Oakleigh Overbridge : The approaches have been carried up to the bridge-site, and the erection of the structure is in hand. Oakleigh-Waipu : Widening and shouldering of the existing narrow sealed surface were carried out over If m. Mata Bridge: This bridge is being constructed in half-width sections, the first of which has been completed. The approaches are in hand. Waipu, Sealing : 30 ch. of reconstruction through the township was carried out. Birkenhead-Maungaturoto (No. 1 District) : — Massey Road - Orewa : A length of Im. 43 ch. between Silverdale and Orewa Bridge has been metalled, primed, and sealed. North of Massey Road, 3 m. 30 ch. of second-coat sealing was carried out. McKeown's Bridge : A two-span structure 60 ft. in length, with a 24 ft. roadway, was completed, and the approaches formed and metalled. The addition of a footbridge to the Wade Bridge at Silverdale has been recently completed. Orewa-Waiwera —Waiwera Hill: 9 ch. of new formation and 8 ch. of widening were carried out, and the metalling of this length completed the deviation for Christmas traffic. The Waiwera Subway Bridge, of three 30 ft. spans, was completed. Reconditioning and first-coat sealing were carried out over 2 m. 11 ch., and a further 75 ch. received a second-coat seal.

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Waiwera-Puhoi: I\m. of formation, including the deviation known as Johnstone's Hill, was completed and opened to"traffic ; a further 85 ch. was primed and sealed. Titford's Bridge : This 40-ft.-span concrete structure was erected. Puhoi-Warkworth: Reconditioning and priming were carried out on sections at Puhoi Bridge Approach, 12 ch.; Schedewy's Hill, 52 ch.; Schedewy's Slip, 9 ch.; and Barker's Deviation, 20 ch. Wilson's Bridge : A concrete bridge of three 30 ft. spans, on improved alignment, was completed. Warkworth Town District: 7| ch. in the business area and 40 ch. on the northern approach to the town have been reconstructed and sealed. Concrete footpaths and channels were included in the former length. Warkworth - Dome Valley : Im. 59 ch. of this length was primed and sealed. 18 ch. of formation in connection with the Hoteo flood alleviation has been completed. A temporary bridge 90 ft. long, has also been constructed. This has eliminated the most frequently-flooded section of highway between Whangarei and Auckland. Falls Bridge, of one 35 ft. span, replacing the former single-way wooden structure on a dangerous bend, was erected. Wellsford -Te Hana : Through Wellsford Village the existing 15 ft. bitumen surfacing was reshaped to 46 ft. width, primed, and sealed, over a length of 15 ch. On the Te Hana section priming has been carried out over 27 ch., and this length, together with a further 73 ch. already primed, was sealed. Topuni-Maungaturoto via Brynderwyn : Work on this length has been accelerated, formation and culverting being completed over 3 m. 43 ch., and 2 m. 2 ch. of base-course metal laid. Two small bridges are under construction, and a contract for a third has been let. Warkworth-Tauhoa via Kaipara Flats.—Hoteo Crossings Deviation : The formation and metalling of the deviation have been completed. Hudson's Bridge, of three 25 ft. spans, and the Kaitoto Bridge, of three 45 ft. spans, have also been completed, and the deviation is in use by traffic. Waimamakw-Ohaeawai: — Lowe's Bridge : The erection of this bridge is in hand, two of the three spans being concreted. Taheke Bridge : This structure, of three 50 ft. and two 30 ft. spans, has been completed. Kaukapakapa - Port Albert.—Makarau Hill: This 54 ch. deviation has now been completed. Hokianga (Ex Dargaville—Kaihu) Highway. —Dargaville Borough : The 1 m. 13 ch. section was reconstructed, primed, and sealed. Hikurangi-Marua. —Hikurangi Town District: This half-mile length was reconstructed, primed, and sealed. Kaitaia-Motukaraka via Broadwood :— Slaughterhouse Bridge : The renewal of this bridge is in hand. Kaikohe - Donnelly's Crossing—Upper Mangakahia Bridge : This bridge, of five 55 ft. spans, has been completed and opened to traffic. Pamapuria-Mangonui: — Fisher's Bridge : The renewal of this bridge is in hand. Oruru Flood Alleviation : The partial raising of the approach embankments to the present bridge has been completed, as the first stage of a proposal comprising also the renewal of the bridge, and further raising of the embankments, together with river improvement. Lake Omapere - Maungatapere.—Tv Pua Section, Improvements : This work has been commenced. Birkenhead-Maungaturoto (No. 2 District) : — Day's Bridge, 95 ft. long, with 22 ft. carriage-way and two 4 ft. footways, has been completed. 13 ch. was sealed at the Albany Bridge. On the Albany Hill - Dairy Flat section a 5 ft. by 4 ft. 6 in. concrete culvert, 80 ft. long, and 1,400 ft. of pipe-culverts have been completed. 3m. of clearing and 2m. of heavy formation have been completed, and a further 50 ch. partly completed. 2m. of base-course metal was laid. Aucklandr-Helensville :— On the Lincoln Road section, Im. 63 ch. of formation and base-course metalling was completed. Reconstruction and sealing were carried out between Foster s Road and Woodhill, a length of 4m. ■ . . Plant-mix has been applied on the Lincoln Road Extension, Anderson's Deviation, Kumeu-Huapai, and Vercoe's Culvert - Helensville sections, totalling 5 m. in length. The elimination of the level crossing at Huapai was carried out by the erection.of ail overbridge consisting of three skew spans (two 24 ft. and one 32 ft.), the overall length being 80 ft., with a 22 ft. carriageway and one 4 ft. footway. 32 ch. of approaches were formed, and base-course metalling has been completed. Auckland-Hamilton: — The Newmarket section was resurfaced with plant-mix, and extra widening of shoulders in the Mount Wellington Road District was carried out to form a cycle-track. Franklin County : A length of 6 m. 60 ch. over the Bombay Hills received a coat of plant-mix. The Pokeno Overbridge, 125 ft. long and 24 ft. wide, was completed. Plant-mix smoothing-coat was placed on the Ohinewai—Hamilton length over a distance of 6 m. 77 ch., and Tilsley's Deviation, 35 ch., was surfaced with salvaged bituminous material from the original alignment. Hopu Hopu Overbridge : This bridge, comprising two 56 ft. 6 in. spans, was completed and opened for traffic, the approaches having been metalled and sealed. Huntly Borough : Plant-mix smoothing coat was applied over a distance of 1 m. 61 ch.

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Hamilton - Te Kuiti : — Waipa County : The reconstruction, metalling, and sealing of this section was practically completed during the year, and a final coat of plant-mix laid over the greater part of the one-coat sealing. Sealing was completed over a length of 6m. 7 ch., and plant-mix laid over Bm. 33 ch. The Mangapiko Bridge, 90 ft. long, was erected. Otorohanga County : The reconstruction of 6m. 70 ch. has been completed, and 4m. 5 ch. of base-course metal laid. A 7 ft. by 7 ft. concrete culvert was built, and a 5 ft. arched culvert lengthened. Tenders have been invited for the top-course metalling and sealing of the 6m. 70 ch. Pokeno-Paeroa via Ngatea : — Franklin County : Formation and cushion-course metalling have been completed for 6J m., and further work is in hand. A contract has been let for the metalling and sealing of 6m. 30 ch. in Mangatawhiri Village. The Mangatawhiri Bridge, 144 ft.; Mangatangi Bridge, 100 ft.; and an 8 ft. by 8 ft. culvert were completed. Five miles of fencing has been erected. Hauraki Plains County : 72J- ch. at Netherton has been reconstructed, widened, and sealed. A further length of 3 m. 28 ch., between Waitakaruru and Haley's Corner, was reconstructed and sealed, and 63 ch. between Haley's and Mangatarata Junction was formed and metalled in readiness for sealing. The width of the original sealing has proved quite inadequate for modern traffic. Thames-Paeroa Thames County : Second-coat sealing was applied over 4J m. between Kopu and Puriri, and a contract let for the remaining length of this section. The total length under reconstruction is 4m. 36 ch. The replacement of the timber bridge at Waikoropuru Stream by a twin 6 ft. by 6 ft. concrete culvert is in hand. The completion of this work will give a continuous sealed highway between Thames and Hamilton via Paeroa, Te Aroha, and Morrinsville. Ohinemuri County : At Hikutaia Bridge two piled groynes have been constructed to check serious erosion, and the bridge at Puriri Stream has been replaced by a 21 ft. concrete span. Paeroa-Whakatane (No. 2 District) : — Waihi Borough : One mile, south of the Ohinemuri River Bridge, has been widened by 6 ft. Ohinemuri County : The reconstruction over the first 3m. from Turner's Hill to the Rahu Road was practically completed. The new alignment involved heavy earthworks, and masonry walls on lengths exposed to scour by the river. Excavation was handicapped by the necessity of keeping the highway open for traffic, but at no stage was it closed. Excavation totalled 24,500 cubic yards of clay and rock, 2,850 square yards of stone pitching was completed, and 1,200 cubic yards of stone placed in masonry walls. Further reconstruction is in hand. A heavy coat of metal was placed from Waihi Borough to the Tauranga County boundary, to prepare for sealing. Contracts have been let for 5|- m. of the latter work. Hamilton-Paeroa: — Waikato County: Reconstruction, metalling, and sealing were carried out over 3m. 54 ch., between Eureka and the county boundary, thus completing the sealing between Hamilton and Paeroa. In addition, 70 ch. of plant-mix was laid over the sealed surface of Hinton's Gully Deviation. Plant-mix smoothing coat was also laid over a further 2 m. 35 ch. of existing sealing. Morrinsville Borough : 30 ch. from the Saleyards Culvert to the western boundary has been widened. A contract has been let for an overbridge at Piako Station, and the casting of piles is in hand. Ohinemuri County : The erection of a 32-ft.-span concrete bridge at the Waitoke Stream has been completed, together with approaches. Hamilton-Rotorua (No. 2 District) :— Waikato County : 60 ch. at the Hamilton end was surfaced with plant-mix. Cambridge Borough —Karapiro Bridge : One pier has been completed to water-level, and at the other, half the piles are driven. Piles for the eastern abutment are driven, and some staging piles are also in position. Matamata County : Drag-coat sealing has been carried out near Cambridge, 50 ch. being completed, and further work in hand. Karapiro-Tirau : Reconstruction, metalling, and sealing have been carried out during the year. Formation is nearing completion. 7m. 66 ch. of base-course metalling, 3m. 50 ch. of top-course, and 1 m. 74 ch. of priming-coat have been completed. Tirau Subway : Excavation of the approaches was carried out to a stage enabling the Railways Department to construct the bridge, and the whole work is nearing completion. Tapapa-Mamaku: Reconstruction, metalling, and sealing were carried well towards completion. 11m. 63 ch. of metalling, 11m. 14 ch. of priming, and Bm. 62 ch. of sealing have now been accounted for. Helensville-Waiwera.—A length of 23 ch. near Waiwera was sealed. Pipiroa-Coromandel: — Thames County : Masonry walls totalling 1,039 square yards were built, and widening carried out to 24 ft. over a length of 42 ch. Tapu Stream Bridge : A contract was let for a concrete structure 138 ft. long, and the work is in hand. 33 ch. of sealing was completed.

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Coromandel County —Coromandel Township : Carroll's Creek was widened and deepened over a length of 28 ch. A contract was let for the reconstruction and sealing of 2m. 37 ch., Im. 21 ch. of which was completed. The construction of a 47 ft. concrete bridge over the Otakeao Stream was completed. Hamilton-Raglan : — Waipa County : A contract has been let for the second-coat sealing of the 5f m. section. Raglan County : A contract is in hand for the reconstruction of 4m. 25 ch., and 3m. 68 ch. of metalling has been completed. A further contract has been let for the sealing. Waitoa-Taupo (No. 2 District) : — Matamata County : The sealing commenced last year was continued, and a total of 13£ m. completed. Tokoroa-Atiamuri: During the year sm. 73 ch. of formation and 4m. 74 ch. of base-course metalling were completed on this section. Matamata-Tauranga (No. 2 District).—Matamata County : A second-coat sealing was applied on the Waihou Deviation for a length of 24 ch. Kawhia-Wharepuhunga via Kawa —Otorohanga County : The construction of the 28 ft. span Waikeria Bridge was completed. Papakura-Clevedon-Kawakawa. —Manukau County —Clevedon Township : The reconstruction of 21 ch. is in hand. Drury-Awhitu via Pukekohe. —Franklin County : Fallowes' Bridge, a 14 ft. concrete span, was completed. A contract was let for the sealing of Im. 26 ch., from Pukekohe Borough towards Lucas' Corner, and work is in hand. Coromandel - Mercury Bay : — 40 ch. was widened, making a total of 4| m. on which improvements have been effected. A contract has been let for reconstruction and sealing, and to date 1 m. has been metalled, and realignment of all curves is in hand. The erection of McKenzie's Bridge, consisting of one 40 ft. span, was completed. Tahuna-Ohinewai.—Waikato County : The Ohinewai Overbridge, consisting of one 40 ft. and two 30 ft. spans, was completed and opened for traffic. Te Aroha - Waharoa. —Piako County : A length of 2m. received a tar-sealing coat and 2m. a second coat of bitumen. The metalling and sealing of 8| ch. at the Wardville corner was completed. Kihikihi-Arapuni-Putaruru. —Waipa County : A contract was let for reconstruction and sealing between Kihikihi and Parawera. Te Awamutu - Cambridge.—Waipa County : The reconstruction and sealing of 4m. 58 ch. is in hand, and 4 m. 54 ch. of formation and base-course metalling have been completed. Pukekohe - Glen Murray via Tuakau. —Tuakau Town District: 31 ch. was sealed, completing the sealing of the section. Cambridge-Eureka: — Waikato County : 1 m. 25 ch. was sealed, from Cambridge Borough towards Hautapu. A contract for the erection of the Mangaonua Stream Bridge is in hand. Otorohanga-Honokiwi. —Otorohanga Town District: A contract was let for the reconstruction and sealing of a length of 50 ch. Henderson Valley Highway.—Henderson Town District: The elimination of the level-crossing by a subway was put in hand, and the approaches are in progress. Waikumete - West Coast. —Waitemata County : Reconstruction and sealing were carried out over a length of 66 ch. Puni-Otaua-W aiuku.—Franklin County: Parkinson's Bridge was replaced with an 8 ft. by 6 ft. concrete culvert 53 ft. long. Papatoetoe-Howiek — Manukau County : An additional 62 ch. was sealed during the year. Matamata Station Highway— Matamata Borough: Two-coat sealing was carried out over 20i ch., which completes the sealing of this highway. Ngatea-Waharoa via Morrinsville.—iiako County: The metalling and sealing of a 6 m. length south of Tahuna was completed. Between Kiwitahi and Walton a contract has been let for the reconstruction and metalling of 2 m. 64 ch., and earthwork completed over 1 m. 20 ch. Papakura-Titi. —Franklin County : The renewal of the Whatapara Bridge is in hand. Frankton-Pirongia. —Waipa County : A contract has been let for the reconstruction and sealing of 2 m. 69 ch. Tapu-Kaimarama. —Thames County : Light reconstruction and metalling over the 14f m. section were commenced. Widening was completed over Im. 42 ch., and the metal top-dressed over 3 m. 44 ch. Putaruru-Tapapa. —Matamata County : A concrete bridge of 40 ft. span was completed over the Purere Stream. Hubbard's Highway— Ohinemuri County : Widening over a length of 40ch. has been completed. Morrinsville-Ngarua.—Piako County : A further length of Im. 23 ch. was sealed in two coats.

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Taupiri-Morrinsville via Tauhei :— Waikato County : A contract was let for the reconstruction, metalling, and two-coat sealing of 2 m. 75 ch., and formation is in progress. The reconstruction of Crockett's Bridge over the Tauhei Stream is in hand. The elimination of the level crossing at Taupiri is being carried out by the erection of an overbridge of two 32 ft. and two 22 ft. spans. Hobsonville Highway. —Reconstruction and metalling were carried out near the aerodrome. Horotiu - Whatawhata - Te Rore : — Waipa County : A contract was let for the second-coat sealing of 14 ch. near the Whatawhata Post-office, and 8 ch. at Te Kowhai School was sealed in two coats. Raglan County : A contract was let for the construction of a five-span concrete bridge over the Kaniwhaniwha Stream, and the work is well in hand. Coromandel Wharf Highway.—The whole length, 70 ch., was primed and sealed. Buckland's Beach Highway.—Manukau County : The sealing of 2m. 60 ch. was carried out. Carruth Highway. —Papatoetoe Town District: The full length of 31 ch. has been sealed. Hamihon-Tauhei via Gordonton. —Waikato County : The reconstruction and sealing of 40 ch. is in hand, and a tender has been received for reconstruction and metalling of a further 3 m. 30 ch. Paeroa-Whakatane (No. 3 District) Three deviations near Kaituna were completed and metalled, cutting out bad corners and a flood area, and, in addition, 7 m. of shoulders were widened and sealed between Tauranga and Papamoa. In the vicinity of Matata and Otamarakau, 3J m. was realigned and formed 26 ft. wide. Hamilton-Rotorua (No. 3 District). —55 ch. of sealing was carried out on the approaches to the Tarukenga Overbridge. Rotorua-Whalcatane. —The Western Drain Bridge was completed. During the year 3| m. of heavy construction was carried out on the Rotoma Hill. Whakatane-Gisborne via Waioeka (No. 3 District) .-— Safety-fencing was erected in the Waimana Gorge, and stone-walling for the same purpose in the Waioeka Gorge. In the latter gorge many open water-courses were replaced by culverts. The Upper Opato Bridge, Mill Stream Bridge, and Clayton's Bridge were completed, and the construction of Grahame's Bridge is well in hand. Rotoruar-Taupo.—A further 4| m. of two-coat sealing was completed near Waiotapu, and 2 m. of reconstruction near the Huka Falls. Waitoa-Taupo (No. 3 District). — 4|-m. of formation, metalling, and sealing were completed south from the Matamata County boundary. Matamata-Tauranga (No. 3 District). —Kaimai Hills: Extensive work has been carried out on this section, 3 m. 30 ch. of formation, 2 m. of metalling, and a twin culvert, two 7 ft. by 7 ft. by 90 ft. long, being completed. Te Ngae - Paengaroa.—2-| m. of two-coat sealing was completed adjacent to Paengaroa. Opotiki-Te Araroa (No. 3 District) :—• 3| m. of reconstruction and metalling were carried out, and the eastern approach to the Raukokore Bridge, 2m. in length, was also completed and metalled. The construction of the bridge has been commenced. This highway suffered severely on two occasions from heavy floods, portion of the Kereu lowlevel bridge being washed out. Papamoa - Mount Maunganui. —The reconstruction of the Mount Maunganui Town District section of 2 m. 5 ch., in preparation for sealing, is in progress. Whakatane-Gisborne via Waioeka (No. 4 District) : — Kaiteratahi Bridge : The construction of the new bridge has been commenced. Widening 28-5 m. to 31 m. : 34 ch. of widening and metalling were completed. Puha Level Crossings Nos. 78 and 79 were eliminated by a deviation 39 ch. in length. Waikohu Crossing No. 81 : A concrete bridge, 200 ft. long with 20 ft. roadway, over the Waihuka River was erected, and work on the Waikohu Bridge commenced. These two bridges are located on a deviation 1 m. 27 ch. in length, which will eliminate level crossing No. 81 and the unsatisfactory Waikohu suspension bridge. Gisborne - Te Araroa : — Reconstruction and Sealing, 6m. to 12 m. : 3m. of formation and Im. 20 ch. of metalling and one-coat sealing have been completed. Turehau Bridge : This concrete bridge, 180 ft. long with a 24 ft. roadway, was completed. 12-5 m. to 14 m. : The four deviations on this section were sealed in one coat, the total length being 42 ch. Uawa River Bridge : A concrete bridge of ten 50 ft. spans, with a 22 ft. roadway and a 4 ft. footway, was completed. A contract was let for the approaches. Widening 43 m. to 43-3 m. : 12 ch. was completed and the spoil used in the approaches to the proposed new Raponga Bridge at 43-75 m. This eliminates a dangerous corner. Sherwood Hale's Bridge at 62-4 m. : The erection of this bridge is in hand. Mangakino Deviation : Tenders have been called for this work, which will eliminate the present route via the Mangakino River bed. Reconstruction at 109-5 m. : 10 ch. of widening was carried out on the Hospital Hill.

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Gisborne-N apier via Hangaroa (No. 4 District) : — Reconstruction and Sealing : Progress is as follows — 15 m. to 17 m. : 2m. 30 ch. of two-coat sealing was completed. 17 m. to 19 m. : 20 ch. of reconstruction was completed. 21-68 m. to 25-8 m. : 2m. 20 ch. received a one-coat seal. 25-8 m. to 27-8 m. : 2m. received a one-coat seal. 27-8 m. to 30-1 m. : Im. of reconstruction was carried out. Glassford's Bridge at 42-3 m. : A concrete bridge, 75 ft. long, was completed. Gisborne-Wairoa via Morere (No. 4 District) : — Wairekaia Bridge at 15 m. : Tenders were called for the erection of this bridge. Wharerata Hill: 20 ch. of metalling was carried out. Flood Damage : A major flood on 19th February carried away two bridges over the Maraetaha River at 17J m. and 18| m. A temporary low-level bridge was constructed at 17-|- m. and a ford opened up at 18| m. pending the erection of a temporary bridge. Through traffic was resumed on Ist March. Opotiki - Te Araroa (No. 4 District) : — Widening at 141-5 m. : 10 ch. was completed. Karakatuwhero River Bridge: This concrete bridge, 300 ft. long with a 10ft. roadway, was completed. This bridge eliminates a very troublesome ford, greatly improving the communications in this district. Whangaparaoa River Bridge : The casting of piles for this bridge was commenced. Patutahi-Rere : 10 ch. of reconstruction and metalling was completed at 11 m. A bridge at 20-3 m. was replaced by a 4 ft. concrete pipe and filling. Taupo-Napier: — Waikato's Corner - Waipunga Road : Im. 65 ch. was metalled and sealed. Runanga Deviation : Except for one block-cutting and an adjoining fill, and a bridge-site at Im. 30 ch., this deviation is now formed to Im. 40 ch., and work is in hand to 2m. Metalling has been commenced. Baker's Deviation : This 30 ch. deviation was completed, and widening with improved alignment was continued northward for another mile. Glengarry Section : Widening and metalling have been continued, 3m. being completed during the year, which makes a total of 7 m. 30 ch. Gisborne-N apier, via Hangaroa (No. 5 District) : — Wairoa Borough : The reconstruction and sealing of First Street, 19 ch., was completed. Mohaka River - Napier: Widening lias been completed up to McKenzie's Deviation (1 m. north of the Waikare Bridge), and work is in hand up to Kotemaori, 50 m. from Napier. McKenzie's Deviation is three-quarters finished, and Begley's Fill Deviation is well in hand. Widening between these points is completed, except for a proposed deviation and water-drive at McKenzie Creek. King's Creek Bridge, near the foot of the Waikare Gorge, was widened from 12 ft. to 24 ft. The January and February floods necessitated continuous clearing of slips all through February and the greater part of March. (A further record flood has since been experienced.) Napier -Palmer ston North (No. 5 District) : — Whakatu Overbridge : A contract was let for the erection of this bridge, which consists of four 50 ft. spans. The casting of piles has been completed and twelve have been driven. The reconstruction and sealing of 4 m. 33 ch., from the Hawke's Bay County Boundary to Otane Turnoff, was put in hand. Priming has been completed over 4m. and sealing over 1 m. 72 ch. Overbridge North of Waipukurau : A contract was let for the erection of this bridge, of four 50 ft. spans, and the work completed. The approaches are in hand. Manawatu Hill Deviation : A length of 66 ch. was primed and sealed. 24 ch. of safetyfencing was erected. Manawatu River Bridge : This concrete structure, of two 30 ft. spans, was completed, together with its approaches. Butcher Creek Bridge : This 25 ft. span bridge was completed. Otamaraho Stream Bridge : This bridge, of one 40 ft. span, was put in hand and completed during the year. Kumeti Stream Bridge : This bridge, of two 25 ft. spans, was also erected. The above four bridges are all 24 ft. wide, and the approaches to the last two have a total length of 24 ch. Oringi North Overbridge and Deviation : This bridge, consisting of three 45 ft. spans, was completed, and the 48 ch. deviation formed and metalled. Maharahara Deviation and Bridges : The greater part of the work on this Im. 72 ch. deviation, which eliminates two crossings on the State highway and one on Heretaunga Road, was completed in the previous year. During the year formation was completed up to the bridgesites and metalling was continued. Bridges : The deviation eliminating the Heretaunga Road crossing required a bridge over a creek-diversion. This bridge was put in hand and completed, being a 27 ft. concrete span with a width of 12 ft. Raparapawai Stream. Bridge : This bridge, of two 40 ft, concrete spans, is in hand,

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Bridge over Creek Diversion at Im. 49 oh. : This 30 ft. span bridge has been practically completed. Papatawa Overbridge : A contract was let for the bridge, and the approaches, which involve some 20,000 cubic yards of filling, are in hand. Mangamanaia Overbridge, Stream Bridge, and Deviation : The deviation, including the overbridge approaches, is 57 ch. long, and involves 23,000 cubic yards of earthwork. In February work was suspended pending the erection of the bridges, but 18,950 cubic yards of spoil had then been placed. Overbridge : This bridge of three 40 ft. spans, is in progress. Concrete is being placed in the footings. Stream Bridge : This bridge, of two 40 ft. spans, has been commenced, pile-driving being in progress. Woodville-Masterton (No. 5 District). —Manga-atua Stream Bridge: The approaches, 16 ch. long, have received a priming coat. Napier Park - Rissington.—l m. 27 ch. was metalled, primed, and sealed. Otane-Tukituki via Elsthorpe.—Patangata County : 1|- m. near Otane was widened and metalled in preparation for sealing. A contract for the sealing was let. Waipawa - Onga Onga. —The reconstruction and sealing of 1 m. near Waipawa was completed, also the sealing of 90 ch. at Ruataniwha. Dannevirke-W aipukurau via Porangahau : — Patangata County : A concrete culvert 7 ft. by 7 ft. by 40 ft. in length, with 12 ft. of filling, was constructed. The widening of the Wanstead Hill length was completed, and metal applied in preparation for sealing. Dannevirke County : A length of 2J m. between 7m. and 10 m., which had been primed, received a sealing coat. Hastings-Maraekakaho. —3 m. 52 ch. from Bridge Pa to Wash/pool was metailed and sealed. Frasertown - Lake House. —The 32 ch. section through Frasertown was sealed. Fernhill-Takapau via Maraekakaho : — Hawke's Bay County : The Mangaonuku Stream Bridge of three 40 ft. concrete spans was completed, together with 20 ch. of approaches. Waipawa County : Im. through Tikokino was reconstructed and sealed. Waipawa-Pourerere: — The reconstruction and sealing of 1 m. at Waipawa were completed. Patangata County : Metalling in preparation for sealing was carried out over 2| m., and the priming commenced. Woodville-Tamaki. —Dannevirke County : A further length of 1 m. 56 ch. is being prepared for sealing. Waipukurau-Matamau via Hatuma. —Waipukurau County : A length of 1 m. 50 ch. was primed and sealed. Mangateretere - Te Awhanga : — A further length of 3 m. 27 ch., between Haumoana and Clifton, was reconstructed, metalled, primed, and sealed. Two concrete culverts were put in, one 11 ft. by 7 ft. at Clive Grange, and one 11 ft. by 5 ft. near Clifton. Waiohiki-Pakowhai. —3 m. 29 ch. was metalled, and sealed in two coats. Freelands Highway. —Woodville County : Stone-and-netting groynes were put in to protect the bridge over the Raparapawai Stream. Rotorua-W aikaremoana.--Hopuruahine - Lake House : Reconstruction on improved alignment and width is in hand on lengths centred on Mokau Falls and Aniwaniwa respectively. At the end of the year 2 m. 24 ch. had been widened ready for metalling. Hastings-W aimarama : — Hawke's Bay County: From the Havelock North Town Boundary, Im. 61 ch. was reconditioned, and a further 1 m. 30 ch. from near the Tuki Tuki River Bridge towards Havelock was reconstructed and metalled. Both these sections were sealed in two coats. A 10 ch. deviation on the Te Mata Section, easing two sharp curves, was carried out. Cole Highway. —Dannevirke Borough : 17 ch. of two-coat sealing was completed, and a further length of 10 ch. prepared for sealing. Tuki Tuki - Haumoana Beach. —The whole of this 46 ch. length was metalled, primed, and sealed. Waipukurau-Racecourse: — Waipukurau County : A 69 ch. section was primed and sealed. A further 65 ch. section was reconstructed, and a contract let for sealing. Hamilton-Te Kuiti (No. 6 District). —Te Kuiti Borough: In the widening of Rora Street, 19 ch. of formation and metalling were completed.

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Te liuiti - New Plymouth (No. 6 District) Te Kuiti - Pio Pio Section : 7 m. to 10 m. : 1 m. 23 ch. of 30 ft. formation and 3m. of basecourse metalling were completed. 12 m. to 14 m. : Im. 6 ch. of formation and base-course metalling were completed. 14 m to 15 m. : 45 ch. of formation and base-course metalling were completed. Te Kuiti - National Park :— Ohura Turnoff - Ongarue Turnoff: 54 ch. of heavy rhyolite, papa, and sandstone formation, and 12 ch. of base-course metalling were completed. Manunui Town District: 2m. of prime coat was applied. Taumarunui - National Park : 10,056 cubic yards of material was removed from a major slip at Piriaka, Oio-Owhango : This section, 4m. in length, received a top-course of metal chips. Piriaka Overbridge: This concrete bridge, comprising three 45 ft. spans, with a 24 ft. roadway, together with 25 ch. of approaches, was completed. Oio Overbridge: This bridge comprising one 50ft. and two 40ft. spans, with a 22ft. roadway, together with 37 ch. of approaches, was completed. Spiral Overbridge: Contracts have been let for this bridge and its approaches. The foundations of the step-over pier, the north pier, and abutment have been concreted, and the south pier is in hand. Stratford-Taumarunui (No. 6 District). —Tokirima Hill: 46 ch. of formation and 26 ch. of metalling were completed, in connection with widening at dangerous corners. Pio Pio-Tatu :— Waitewhena Road : The reconstruction of the remaining 9m. of clay surface on this highway is well in hand, 1 m. 60 ch. of earthwork being completed. Ohura Township—Mangaroa River Bridge : This concrete bridge, comprising one 48 ft. and two 36 ft. spans, with 10 ch. of approaches, was completed and opened to traffic. It has a 20 ft. roadway and one 4 ft. footway. Te Maire-Mangaohutu. —29 ch. of heavy papa formation was completed, in connection with the cutting-back of dangerous corners. Okwpapa Highway.—Omanawa Bridge : This concrete bridge, 45 ft. in length, together with its approaches, was completed. Manunui-Owhango. —1 in. of formation and metalling was completed, in connection with the elimination of dangerous bends in the Hikimutu Valley. A 6 ft. concrete culvert was installed near Owhango. Kururau-Tawmarunui: — Lyons Bridge : This 90 ft. concrete bridge was completed. Bloomfield's Bridge : This 93 ft. concrete bridge is in hand, the abutments and piers being completed. Taumarunui-Ongarue:—-Taumarunui County : Heffernan's culvert, 7 ft. 6 in. by 7 ft. 6 in. in concrete, together with 12 ch. of filling, was completed. Taumarunui Borough —Short St. Subway : 20 ch. of formation of the approach cutting, 6 ch. of metalling, and 7 ch. of concrete crib-wall were completed, also the abutments of the railway-bridge. Te Kuiti-New Plymouth (No. 7 District) : —- In the Mimi Valley, a further 14 ch. of deviation has been formed, 15 ch. metalled, and 23 ch. of stream diverted. A concrete bridge, 42 ft. long, with a 24 ft. roadway, has been completed on the deviation. The formation is nearing completion. From the junction with the Pukearuhe Highway to the Mangamaeho Road, a deviation is being formed, Im. 58 ch. in length. If m. of formation has been completed, and the remainder is in hand. On the Urenui Pa Hill, from the Urenui Stream north, the earthwork of a deviation 13|ch. long has been completed. At the Waitara Pound Corner, the metal has been lifted and the formation widened. The Mangaoraka Deviation has been metalled. New Plymouth - Hawera : — A contract has been let for the erection of a concrete bridge, 150 ft. long, over the Waiwakaiho River. A contract has also been let for the realignment and metalling of 73 ch. west of Inglewood. The Tariki-Waipuku Deviation, which avoids two level crossings, has been completed except for bituminous surfacing. This deviation includes a concrete bridge of three 40 ft. spans over the Waipuku Stream. The Midhirst railway-crossing is being eliminated by an overbridge, and a concrete bridge over the Manganui Stream is also in hand. The 6 m. length between Waipuku and Stratford is being entirely reconstructed. A tender has been accepted and work has commenced on the erection of a concrete overbridge at Ngaere. On the Boylan Road section, in the Eltham County, alignment, widening, and metalling, over a distance of 3| m., are being undertaken. The Normanby Overbridge has been completed, except for the sealing of the approaches, and is in use by traffic.

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Hawera-Wanganui (No. 7 District) : — Between the Hawera Borough and the approaches to the Mokoia Overbridge, a distance of 6 m., reconstruction is in progress over 3m. That portion known as Lillicrap's Hill, and also the northern approach to the new Tangahoe Stream Bridge, are being straightened, regraded, and widened. The highway has now been diverted from the dangerous railway-crossing at Mokoia by an overbridge over a cutting south of Mokoia, and the construction of a deviation. The work is complete, except for the sealing of the approaches, and is in use by traffic. A contract has been let and work commenced on the erection of a concrete bridge, 150 ft. long, on new alignment, over the Manawapou Stream, south of Mokoia. New Plymouth - Hawera via Opunake:— At the intersection of the highway with the Wairau Road, visibility is being improved by the cutting-back of the corners and the regrading of both roads. Over the Okahu Stream, between Rahotu and Opunake, a new concrete bridge, 112 ft. long, with a 20 ft. roadway, is nearing completion. Opunake Borough : Widening and resealing have been carried out through the Borough. Junction Highway:— Inglewood County: 3m. of road-mix emulsion sealing has been undertaken. Preparatory work is in hand in connection with the subway, which is to eliminate the level crossing at Egmont Road. Opunake-Eltham.—Egmont County : A concrete bridge, 219 ft. long, has been erected over the Punehu Stream. This bridge replaces that badly damaged during the flood of February, 1936. Groynes have been built to control the stream. Stratford-Taumarunui (No. 7 District). —79 ch. of metalling has been carried out at the Moki Tunnel, also 3 m. 50 ch. of formation and 2 m. 50 ch. of metalling between the Moki and Mangapapa Roads. Normanby-Manaia. —Normanby Town District: 10 ch. of widening was carried out. Ngatimaru Highway. —Clifton County : The reconstruction and two-coat sealing of 1 m. 18 ch. were completed. Sheet Highway. —Waimate West County : 2| m. has been widened. Pembroke Highway. —The first sealing-coat has been applied to 94 ch. of this highway. Inland -North Highway. —Reconstruction and two-coat sealing have been carried out over a distance of 63 ch. Inglewood-Everett Highway. —Realignment, regrading, and metalling preparatory to sealing have been carried out over a length of 2 m. Rahotu-Kahui. —Reconstruction has been commenced over a distance of 1 m. Ohawe-Skeet. —Widening, preparation, and sealing are being carried out over a distance of 3| m., from Okaiawa northwards. Opunake Beach Highway. —Opunake Borough : The highway has been reconstructed and sealed. Hawera-Wanganui (No. 8 District). —24 ch. was sealed on the Whenuakura Hill, 62 ch. at Westmere, and a contract let for 53 ch. on the Waitotara Hill. Second-coat sealing was applied on 30 ch. on the Manawapou Hill. The construction of the Kai Iwi Overbridge and approach ramps is well advanced. Wanganui-Levin (No. 8 District). —Second-coat sealing was applied on 60 ch. in the Bulls Town District, and 27 ch. between the town district and the Rangitikei River. National Park - Wanganui (No. 8 District). —Wanganui County : Works carried out on the hill section included 4 m. 18 ch. of reconstruction and metalling, with extensive deviations from the old alignment, 1,600 ft. of concrete-pipe culverts, and 473 ft. of water-tunnels. 2m. 5 ch. of two-coat and 2 m. 35 ch. of one-coat sealing were completed between the Wanganui City and Upokongaro ; the construction of the Waimatao Stream culvert was commenced, and tenders were invited for the Mangotai Stream culvert. Horopito-Bulls via Taihape : — Contracts were let for new bridges over the Mangawhero River in the Ohakune Borough, and the Mangaeliuehu and Turangarere Streams ; also a concrete culvert at the Waiakake Stream. The sealing of Clyde Street, in Ohakune Borough, was extended by 10 ch. The Waiouru Deviation, 1 m. 36 ch. in length, was completed, eliminating a level crossing and an obsolete overbridge. The sealing of two lengths, totalling 1 m. 46 ch., in Taihape, was carried out, thus completing the bituminous surfacing of the borough section. The reconstruction of the Mangaweka-Utiku section is proceeding in heavy formation; 1 m. 54 ch. of earthwork and 6| m. of metalling were carried out. The Mangateweka Stream Bridge, of one 30 ft. concrete span, was completed. The reconstruction of the Vinegar Hill length was continued, being retarded by heavy slips. The work completed included 1 m. 15 ch. of formation, 55 ch. of metalling, and 6 ch. of creekdiversion. The elimination of the Cliff Road level crossing by a subway is in hand, and the excavation of the approaches nearing completion. The Greatford Overbridge, of three 30 ft. spans, was completed, and the formation of the approach ramps is in progress. 3| m. of the Greatford-Bulls section was sealed, making the dustless surface continuous from Bulls to near Greatford, and a second coat of bitumen was applied to 29 ch. in the Bulls Town District.

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Kaharoa Highway. —The sealing of this highway was extended by 40 ch. Kohi Highway. —57 oh. of new metalling was carried out. Momahaki-Mangawhio. —25 ch. was sealed. Wanganui-Kauangaroa. —Wanganui County : 1 m. of reconstruction and a further mile of sealing were completed. T aihape-N apier.—Rangitikei County : A concrete culvert, 44 ft. long by 8 ft. by 8 ft. was constructed at Moawhango, and the approaches formed. Greatford-Ashhwrst. —The deviation at Kakariki, conforming to the railway realignment and gradeeasement, was completed. The deviation is Im. 26 ch. long and eliminates a level crossing. Waverley Beach Highway.—Patea County : 17 ch. of metalling and 40 ch. of sealing were carried out. Sfringvale-Francis. —Waitotara County : 82 ch. of two-coat sealing was applied. Curls Bridge - Upper Tutaenui. —A subway to eliminate the Wellington Road level crossing in Marton was practically completed as to the approaches. The railway-work is in hand. Turakina - Cliff Road via Marton: — Rangitikei County : The Bonny Glen Overbridge and approaches are nearing completion. The second-coat sealing of 8 m. 24 ch. of the Turakina-Marton section was carried out, and contracts let for the reconstruction and sealing of 2m. 7 ch. on the Calico Line section. A 10 ft. by 4 ft. concrete culvert was built at Folly Stream. Taihape - Murray's Track. —The Namanui Stream Bridge was replaced by a water-tunnel 123 ft. long, with 11 oh. of approaches. Ongo Highway.—A contract was let for the reconstruction of 28 ch. of Kilmister's Hill. Waitotara Valley Highway.—Waitotara County : 15 ch. of approaches to the Makakako Stream Bridge were formed and metalled, and some widening carried out between the Makakako and Manganuiopo Bridges. Wanganui River (Left Bank) Highway: — The restoration of flood damage on this highway was continued, the following work being carried out: Widening formation, 54 ch. ; metalling, 13 m. 15 ch. ; water-tunnels, 643 ft.; pipeculverts, 900 ft. In addition to this work, the Operiki Stream Bridge, consisting of one 30 ft. steel-joist span, was completed ; extensive repairs to the Mangoihe Stream Bridge at Jerusalem carried out, and a temporary bridge erected over the Kaukore Stream at Pipiriki. Wanganui-Levin (No. 9 District) :— Manawatu County. —Himatangi-Sanson : The reconstructed length of 7m. 65 ch. was sealed, thus completing the dustless surfacing of the 20 m. Foxton-Sanson section. Foxton Borough : The reconstruction of a6O ch. section of original sealing was put in hand near the end of the year. At the north end, 11 ch. was reconstructed, primed, and sealed. Whirokino Deviation : The formation of this 2m. 62 ch. deviation is well towards completion, 53 eh. being formed, 23 ch. metalled, and Im. 6 oh. sealed during the year. The concrete trestlebridge of ninety-three 40 ft. spans is in progress, all piles being driven, column steel placed, and footings concreted. An isolated three-span section is nearing completion. Levin-Porirua:— Horowhenua County : Between Waikanae and Te Horo, a road-mix smoothing-coat was laid on existing corrugated penetration pavement for a distance of 4 m. 33 ch. Manakau Overbridge : This bridge, of six 40 ft. and two 30 ft. concrete spans, is in hand. Otaki Overbridge : This bridge, consisting of three 45 ft. concrete spans and 31 ch. of approaches was completed. The approaches were primed and sealed. Hutt County: Widening of the paved surface was completed over 30 ch. between McKay's Crossing and Paekakariki. Between Waikanae and McKay's Crossing, 3m. 14 ch. of road-mix smoothing-coat was applied on the existing sealed surface, and 82 ch. between Horokiwi and Pahautanui. Paraparaumu Overbridge : This overbridge, consisting of two 40 ft. and one 50 ft. concrete spans, with 28 ch. of approaches, is in progress. Makara County : Between Paremata and Porirua, 26 ch. of emulsion sealing was applied on a primed surface. Porirua Overbridge : This work consists of six 40 ft. and two 35 ft. concrete spans, with 34 ch. of approaches, and a concrete bridge of four 40 ft. spans over the Porirua Stream. The concreting of the overbridge and stream bridge was practically completed, and the approaches are in hand. Napier - Paimerston North : — Manawatu Gorge Section : Culvert-renewals and sub-grade drainage are in progress preparatory to improvements to the surface sealing. Kairanga County: Between Palmerston North and Whakarongo, 44 ch. of road-mix smoothing-coat was laid. A further length of 30 ch. of old sealing was scarified, reconstructed, primed, and sealed. Masterton- Upper Hutt (No. 9 District). —Hutt County : Widening was carried out over a distance of 70 ch. on the Mungaroa and Rimutaka Hills.

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Sanson - Paimerston North :— Manawatu County : On Mount Stewart, 60 ch. of old sealing was scarified, primed, and sealed. Kairanga County—Awahuri Bridge, Oroua River : Pile-driving has been completed and all piers concreted, except the western abutment; the girders and transoms over half the bridge have also been concreted. Awahuri-Mangaweka via Kimbolton :— Kiwitea County : Between Cheltenham and Coulter's Line, 40 ch. of sealing was carried out, completing last year's contract. Between Coulter's Line and Kimbolton a contract is in hand for 5 m. of reconstruction and sealing. Two-course metalling and priming have been completed, and 40 ch. of seal-coat applied. North of Rangiwahia, widening was completed over a length of 28 ch. Ireland's Bridge was renewed by a 6 ft. by 6 ft. concrete culvert. Feilding - Cliff Road via Stanway. —Oroua County : 3m. of sealing was applied on the section recently primed, and on the adjoining section reconstruction, priming, and sealing were completed over 1 m. 60 ch. Greatford-Ashhurst: —■ Oroua County : At Bunnythorpe 18 ch. was reshaped, primed, and sealed. Feilding Borough : 6 ch. was sealed. Palmer ston North - Himatangi : — South of Palmerston North, 72 ch. of old sealing was scarified, reshaped, and primed. The original sealing was put down some eighteen years ago. Horowhenua County—Levin-Shannon: On the Ihakara Hill, 55 ch. was reconstructed and primed. South of Shannon, smoothing-coat work on existing sealing was completed over a length of 68 cb. Makerua-Tokomaru: On the Makerua Hill, formation was carried out over 30 ch. and base-course metal for 42 ch., completing this work on the deviation. Between Makerua Hill and Tokomaru, widening and realignment were completed for 1 m. 70 ch., and base-course metalling for 1 m. 50 ch. The widening of the Waterfall Creek Bridge is in hand. Kairanga County —Tokomaru - Palmerston North : On this section widening and realignment have been completed, except for metalling over 4m. 17 ch. Work is in hand on a further length. Ashhurst-Pohangina:— Oroua County : Im. 50 ch. of reconstruction was carried out and Im. 20 ch. primed. Pohangina County : Tenders are being called for the Raumai Deviation, 26 ch. long. Upper Hutt - Wailcanae : — Hutt County : 3m. 50 ch. of widening was carried out. Reconstruction, priming, and sealing were completed over a length of 1 m. 44 ch. Horowhenua County : At the Waikanae end, reshaping and priming were completed for 2 m. 17 ch. Waikanae-Waimeha. —Reconstruction was carried out over 2 m. 60 ch., and of this length 1 m. 60 ch. was primed. Longbum-Rongotea. —Kairanga County : 3m. 12 ch. of reconstruction, 2 m. of priming, and 50 ch. of sealing were undertaken. Foxton Beach Highway. —Manawatu County : A tender was accepted for the reconstruction and sealing of the whole length of 2 m. 58 ch. Pohangina Valley - Apiti. —Church Hill Deviation : This deviation was completed by the construction of 9 ch. of formation. The Church Hill Bridge, comprising three 40 ft. concrete spans, was erected. Paraparaumu Beach Highway. —Reconstruction, priming, and sealing were completed over the whole length, 2 m. 11 ch. Milson's Line. —75 ch. of priming was applied, and the whole length of 2 m. 35 ch. sealed. Khandallah-Johnsonville : — Johnsonville Town District: A road-mix smoothing-coat was applied over 33 ch. Western Hutt Highway : Priming and sealing were carried out over 4m. 52 ch., being the whole length of this highway. Woodville-Masterton (No. 10 District) : — Pahiatua Borough : The section has been reconstructed, primed, and sealed. The length treated was 1 m. 10 ch. and the width 64 ft. Eketahuna County : 4m. 10 ch. was sealed north of Eketahuna. Eketahuna North Subway : The formation of the approaches is in hand, 6 ch. of formation being completed. The construction of the railway-bridge is in progress. Masterton County —Opaki Overbridge : This bridge, comprising four 50 ft. concrete spans, with 30 ch. of approaches, has been completed. Masterton - Upper Hutt (No. 10 District) : — Carterton Borough : On this section Im. 70 ch. was scarified, primed, and sealed. Rimutaka Hill Bridges : Bridges Nos. 2 and 3 are being widened in concrete to 24 ft. and 30 ft. respectively, the latter being on curved alignment. The lengths are 100 ft. and 24 ft.

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Masterton-W eber via Alfredton : — Masterton County: Reconstruction and sealing were completed over Im. 70 ch. The Wangaehu Bridges at 4 m. 5 ch. and 4 m. 34 ch. were erected, the total length being 98 ft. Eketahuna County : Flat Bush Bridge of one 28 ft. and Didsburys Bridge West of one 40 ft. concrete span were completed. Masterton-Castlepoint. —Masterton County : Im. of reconstruction and priming was carried out. Masterton-Stronvar. —Masterton County : The 20 ft. Wangaehu Overflow Bridge at om. 69 ch. was erected. On the Weraiti Hill, 30 ch. was widened, and a 26 ch. deviation near 7m. completed. Martinborough-Masterton : — Wairarapa South County : 2 m. 38 ch. of reconstruction and sealing was completed. Masterton County : Im. 28 ch. was sealed, completing the sealing of this section. Tupurupuru -Te Wharau. —Wairarapa South County: 64- ch. of widening was carried out, and a contract let for the Wainuioru River Bridge of one 75 ft. and two 47 ft. concrete spans. Carterton-Longbush. —Wairarapa South County : 2m. 27 ch. was sealed. Martinborough-Awhea. —Featherston County : 2m. of sealing was completed. Martinborough - Lake Ferry.—Featherston County : 40 ch. of sealing was completed, and a further 6 m. has been reconstructed of which 4 m. has been primed. Kahautara Highway. —Featherston County : 2m. 30 ch. was sealed. Pahiatua Station Highway— Pahiatua County : A 12 ch. stop-bank, to prevent flooding of the highway, was constructed. Makuri-Ongaha. —Pahiatua County : 12 ch. of widening and metalling was carried out. Mangaone Valley Highway. —Eketahuna County : A small bridge was replaced by a twin-pipe culvert, with 8 ch. of approaches. Eketahuna-Nireaha.—Ekotahuna, County : Tyler's Bridge, a 55 ft. arched concrete span, was completed, together with 36 ch. of widening on the western approach. Picton-Christchurch (No. 11 District) :— Picton Borough —Wairau Road : 48 ch. has been prepared for sealing. Elevation Crossing : The elimination of this crossing involves the construction of a 39 ch. deviation, and a concrete bridge of one 45 ft. and two 30 ft. spans. The formation of the deviation was practically completed, and the bridge is in hand. Tuamarina and Spring Creek Crossings : These crossings will be dealt with by a 2J m. deviation, including a bridge 900 ft. long over the Wairau River and a 140 ft. bridge over Spring Creek. Work on the deviation is in hand. Marlborough County —Spring Creek - Blenheim : A contract has been let for the preparation and sealing of 2m. 62 ch. The preparation has been practically completed. Koromiko Culvert: This 9 ft. by 4J ft. concrete box-culvert has been completed. Blenheim Borough : First-coat sealing has been applied on a length of 9 ch. recently widened. Awatere County —Seddon Township : Preparation and base-course metalling have been completed over a length of 12 ch., being part of a 48 ch. proposal which includes the northern approach to the railway overbridge. Mirza Creek Bridge, Approaches, and Deviation : A contract for the whole of these works was let towards the close of the year. Blenheim-Nelson: — Blenheim - Renwicktov/n : A contract was let for the preparation and sealing of this section, covering 6m. 33 ch. The base-course metalling has been completed, and top-course is in hand. Havelock Township : The preparation and sealing of this 30 ch. section have been completed. Rai Valley Township : 28 ch. was sealed. Rai Hill, Wangamoa Valley, and Wangamoa Hill: With the exception of isolated sections on Rai Hill and Wangamoa Valley, the major work for the year has been on the Wangamoa Hill. The total length widened and improved amounts to 2 in. 1 ch. Base-course metal has been laid over 1 m. 60 ch., and top-course over 1 m. 48 ch. Lud Bridge - Nelson : Plant-mix surfacing over a length of sm. 37 ch. has now been completed. Richnond-Collingwood: — Appleby Overbridge : A contract has been let for a bridge of three 30 ft. spans, with 14 ch. of approaches. Moutere Hill-Motueka : The reconstruction of a 9m. 54 ch. section is in hand, 3| m. being completed, and a contract for sealing has been let. On the Moutere Hill section, 4m. 4 ch. is in progress, of which 1 m. 74 ch. of formation has been accounted for. Road Junction: 7 ch. was realigned and regraded, materially improving this intersection. i n Takaka Hill : Reconstruction has been continued over a total distance of Im. 35 ch. Basecourse metal has been laid over 1 m. 62 ch., and top-course over 6 m. 50 ch. Nelson-Westport (No. 11 District) : — Richmond Borough—Salisbury Road Culvert: This work has been completed. Glenhope-8 Mile Section: The widening and improvements to grade and alignment have been continued, the work completed amounting to 4m. 35 ch. Base-course metal has been laid over 3 m. 76 ch., and top-course over 4 m. 6 ch. Glenliope - Kawatiri: Stone-crate protective work was carried out near Glenhope and at Woodhen Bend.

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Matakitaki Bridge - Four River Plain : A length of 38 ch. lias been straightened, and raised above flood level. Washout Creek Bridge and Deviation : The 23 oh. deviation and 40 ft. bridge, now completed, have eliminated a narrow bridge on the crest of a vertical curve of poor visibility. Matakitaki Bridge : The right-bank abutment, which was damaged during the 1929 earthquake, and subsequently by scour during floods, has been renewed in reinforced concrete, and has been protected by the placing of four large concrete blocks, 108 cubic yards of crates, and 400 cubic yards of stone-work. Whales Creek Bridge : This bridge, of one 34 ft. and two 16 ft. spans, is in progress. Appleby-Motueka—Waimea, County : A low-lying section of 31 ch., subject to flooding, was raised and metalled. Dashwood-Upcot—Awatere County—Hodder River Bridge : A contract has been let and work is in hand on the erection of this bridge, of one 210 ft. suspension span and two 17 ft. approach-spans, with concrete deck; and the formation of 14 ch. of approaches. At Woodman's Bend, 5 ch. of new formation has been made necessary, owing to river-encroachment. Nine narrow corners in rock between Jordan and Cam Creek have been widened, also 3 ch. of block-cutting ; three open curves have been widened, and 50 ch. between Birch River and Altimarloch realigned and metalled. WaJcefield~Woodstock —Dove Creek and Hodgen's Creek Bridges : These two bridges, of 40 ft. and 35 ft. span respectively, have been completed. Korere-T'ophouse : — Waimea County —Motupiko River Bridge at Tophouse : This bridge, of one 35 ft. span, has been erected. Korere Bluffs : A contract has been let for widening to 24 ft. over a length of 5 ell., and the placing of 470 cubic yards of crate-protection. Blenheim Aerodrome Highway.—Marlborough County—Taylor River Bridge : A contract has been let for the construction of a bridge of five 50 ft. and two 40 ft. spans, with a 24 ft. roadway; and the formation of 23 ch. of approaches. Spring Creek -Raranga—Marlborough County : 2m. 10 ch. of widening and metalling has been carried out. Kaituna-Tuamarina. —On this section, which is an alternative route to Blenheim, avoiding the Wairau Bridge, widening to 22 ft. has been carried out over a length of 20 ch., and a commencement made with raising lengths subject to flooding. Renwicktown-Hope Junction: — Marlborough County : A 4m. length has been widened, with improvement to grade and cross-fall. Protection at Barley's Rock Bridge : This work, which necessitated the placing of two gabions comprising 190 cubic yards of stone-crate work, with stone-pitching and filling, has been completed. Renwicktown-Summerlands. —2 m. has been widened. Wakefield-Woodstock. —On the Dovedale Hill, a deviation and a 36 in. concrete pipe-culvert have improved the alignment, and replaced a crib-logged filling 23 ft. deep. Between Wakefield and Dovedale Hill a deviation 8 ch. in length has been formed, eliminating two creek crossings. Picton-Havelock via The Grove. —Marlborough County: 23 ch. of the foreshore road has been widened to 22 ft. Nelson-Stoke via Jenkins Hill. —Bishopdale and Wakatu Level Crossings : The 60 ch. deviation has been completed, together with 9 ch. of access roads, and the erection of Jenkins Creek Bridge, of one 35 ft. span. Nelson-Wesport (No. 12 District) : —• Improvements, 6 m.-9 m. : The widening and realignment which were carried out between 7 m. and 8 m. last year have been extended, and have considerably improved this narrow tortuous section. Inangahua Junction, Preparation for Sealing : Realignment, widening, and metalling are in hand on the 84 ch. length through the township. Buller Gorge, Improvements : Widening has been continued at various points, and a total length of 1 m. 9 ch. of formation, nearly all in heavy rock, has been completed. Ohika-iti Bridge : This bridge, of two 45 ft. and two 30 ft. concrete spans, was completed, and filling of the approaches is in hand. Big Grey River Protective Works : Further stone-gabion protection was placed on the north bank, near the bridge approach. Inangahua-Reefton : Preparation for sealing is in hand between Inangahua Junction and Station Road. Johnnie Walker Creek Bridge : This bridge, consisting of one 50 ft. skew span, was completed, and formation of the approaches is in hand. Blacksand Creek Culvert: A culvert, 12 ft. 6 in. by 5 ft., replacing a timber bridge, was completed. Murcott's Creek Culvert: A 5 ft. by 5 ft. concrete culvert was constructed, together with its approaches. Tawhai and Reefton Tunnel Crossings Elimination : This 1 m. 53 ch. deviation was completed and opened for traffic.

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Tawhai to Maimai, Improvements : This work, which comprises the widening and regrading of 2m. of narrow road, is a continuation of the above deviation. Im. of clearing and 52 ch. of widening have been carried out. Ikamatua School - Big Grey : A length of 2m. from the Big Grey Bridge, through Ikamatua Township, has been widened, metalled, and prepared for sealing. Ahaura Township : 29 ch. through the township has been primed. Ngahere Northward, Improvements : This work comprises several deviations to eliminate narrow tortuous descents into gullies. Deviations at German Gully and near Ahaura have been commenced, and the work completed includes 2m. 1.0 ch. of clearing, 1 m. 31 ch. of formation, 1 m. 18 ch. of base-course, 15 ch. of top-course metalling, and the construction of a 7 ft. by 7 ft. concrete culvert. Stillwater - Ngahere: Formation, widening, and base-course metalling are practically completed, the length being 3m. 28 ch., and Im. 34- ch. of this has been sealed. Two concrete culverts were constructed. Kamaka and Spring Creek Crossings : These two crossings have been eliminated by a deviation 1 m. 39 ch. in length, which includes concrete bridges over Spring Creek, Notown Creek, and Mullins Creek of one 40ft. and two 30 ft., three 40 ft., and one 40 ft. span respectively. The work is nearing completion. Kiwi Crossing : This crossing has been eliminated by a deviation 30 ch. long, and a concrete overbridge of live 50 ft. spans. This work is complete, including a priming-coat on the deviation. Greymouth-Brunner : The sealing of this 4m. 12 ch. section was practically completed. South Beach Crossings Elimination : This deviation, 58 ch. in length, was completed, except for the curve at the south end, and was opened to traffic. Nelson Creek Crossing Elimination : This deviation, 36 ch. long, includes a concrete bridge of two 20 ft. spans over Nelson Creek, the construction of an overbridge, and the lowering of the railway grade to give headroom. Half the formation has been completed, the Nelson Creek Bridge is in hand, and the lowering of the railway grade has been commenced. New River Bridge : The construction of a bridge of four 40 ft. concrete spans, replacing the combined road-rail bridge, was completed. The approaches were also completed, and received a priming-coat. Kumara - Flowery Creek Deviation : This Bm. 5 ch. deviation was completed, and sealed in one coat. Kaihinu Crossing : The construction of a reinforced-concrete overbridge, of one 50 ft. and two 35 ft. concrete spans, has been commenced, pile-driving being in progress. The formation of the approaches has been carried to the bridge-site. Hokitika River Bridge at Kanieri: This bridge, of thirteen 62 ft. concrete spans, with a 22 ft. deck, was completed and opened to traffic. Dismantling of the old timber truss bridge is in hand. Hokitika-Ross, Improvements : This work is a continuation of the improvement of the highway southward from Hokitika, and involves heavy regrading with some small deviations. Work is in hand on the 5 m. length between the Kanieri River Bridge and Deep Creek, 3 m. of formation being completed. Deviation near Kokatahi Track: This deviation, 37J ch. in length, eliminates a very tortuous and dangerous length on the north side of Totara Bridge. Formation and base-course metalling are practically completed. Ross Borough : The total length of 74 ch. has been widened and prepared for sealing. Mont d'Or Deviation : This 75 ch. deviation will eliminate the steep grade oVer Mont d'Or Hill, south of Ross Borough. A contract has been let for the formation, and the work has been commenced. Improvements through Harihari: A contract has been let for the regrading and widening of a narrow length of 2 m. 14 ch. through the township, and the cuttings are practically completed. Angle Creek Bridge : The construction of a concrete culvert replacing this bridge, and the improvement of 27 ch. of highway, were completed. Cedar Creek Bridge : A concrete culvert replacing this bridge, and the construction of 8J ch. of approaches, were completed. Hare Mare Creek Bridge : The construction of a bridge, of one 50 ft. steel-joist span, is in hand, together with filling of approaches. Ckristchurch- Kumara Junction (No. 12 District) : — Rough Creek Bridge : This bridge, of six 44 ft. concrete spans, replacing a bad ford in Arthurs Pass Township, is in hand. Goat Creek Bridge : This bridge, of two 40 ft. steel-joist and two 20 ft. timber spans, was completed, and formation of the approaches is nearing completion. Kelly's Creek and Aickens Crossings : A deviation, 70 ch. in length, to eliminate these two level crossings, was completed, and metalling is in hand. Westport-Karamea: — Westport Borough : A length of 144 ch. was reconstructed and sealed. Mokihinui River Bridge Approaches : The approaches to this bridge have been regraded and widened for a length of 11 ch. Ngakawau River Bridge : The construction of this concrete bridge, of nine 40 ft. spans, has been seriously delayed by shortage of steel. The casting of piles is now in hand. Waimangaroa Station Overbridge : The erection of this concrete bridge, of one 45 ft. and two 35 ft. spans, with a 22 ft. roadway and 4 ft. footway, is complete ; and formation of the approach fillings is well in hand.

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Waimangaroa-Birchfield Deviation : This 79 ch. deviation, to eliminate two level crossings, is in hand. Formation, principally across a swamp, has been carried out over the full length, and base-course metalling partly completed. Improvements 21 m. 18 ch.-23 m. 48 ch. : This work involves realignment, regrading, and widening of a narrow and dangerous length of highway, and is well in hand. Orowaiti River Bridge : The erection of this bridge, of twelve 40 ft. concrete spans, is in progress, eight spans being completed. om. to 1 m. 36 ch. : Two-coat sealing has been applied on this length. West;port-Greymouth Coast Highway Charleston-Punakaiki: 29 ch. of widening has been completed at White Horse, and 73 ch. north of the Punakaiki River. Further lengths are in hand. Barrytown Sea Erosion : The stone protection work along the beach was extended to a total length of 44 ch. Coal Creek - Runanga : The whole of this section, exclusive of the approaches to Camp Creek Ovorbridge, has been regraded, widened on improved alignment, and prepared for sealing. The length is 3 m. 54 ch. Camp Crossing Overbridge : This bridge, of four 50 ft. and two 30 ft. concrete spans, is in progress, three spans being completed. Formation of the approaches, 21 ch. in length, is well advanced. Cobden BlufE Crossing : An overbridge, of four 40 ft. concrete spans, has been constructed on a deviation, and the narrow length round the bluff widened. The overbridge approaches are in progress. Lake Kanieri Highway. —Preparation for sealing is in hand, formation being completed over 38 ch. Reefton-Maruia. —Improvement works have been continued, a total length of 2 m. 65 ch. of formation and widening and 2m. 14 ch. of base-course metalling being completed. The approaches to the Right Hand Branch Bridge were completed, two large concrete box-culverts constructed, and two others commenced. Mokihinui Bridge - Seddonville.—Chasm Creek Bridge: This bridge, of one 35 ft. concrete span, is in progress, and the approaches are practically completed. Picton-Christchurch (No. 13 District). —Motunau-Domett: The reconstruction of 2| m. is in progress, deviations and improvement of the worst bends and grades being in hand over 1 m. Waipara-Kaikoura via Culverden : — Pahau River Bridge : 15 ch. of a new approach to this bridge was completed. Conway River Bridge : This bridge, consisting of eight 48 ft. concrete spans, was completed, and the approaches formed. Weka Pass : 3 m. 6 ch. of one-coat sealing was applied. Weka Pass Deviation : Earthwork over the whole deviation of 1 m. 4 ch. was nearly completed, and a concrete crib-wall erected. Mina - Gore Bay. —Further shore-protection work has been undertaken. A length of 2m. 5 ch. was prepared for sealing. Picton-Christchurch (No. 14 District) : — Ashley River Bridge : This bridge, comprising fifteen 52 ft. and ten 41 ft. continuous concrete spans, with 22 ft. roadway, has been completed. Kaiapoi Borough - Ashley River : Plant-mix surfacing was applied to 6 m. 52 ch. of shoulders. Christchurch - Kumara Junction (No. 14 District) : — Church Corner - Russley Road : A bituminous smoothing-coat was apjjlied over 2m. 3 ch. Sandy Knolls - Darfield : Plant-mix surfacing was applied over 2m. 26 ch., and one-coat seal followed by plant-mix over 2 m. 54 ch. Porter's Pass : Widening was carried out over 4 m. 4 ch. Craigieburn Deviation : 70 ch. of formation was completed. Bruce Creek Bridge : This bridge, of six 44 ft. spans, was erected. Cass River Bridge : This bridge, of four 44 ft. spans, was completed. Christchurch-Timaru (No. 14 District). —Templeton-Rolleston : A contract has been let for sealing the shoulders on this section. Christchurch-Akaroa: — Birdling's Bridge : This bridge, 22 ft. long, was completed. Tai Tapu - Motukarara : Two-coat sealing was applied over 4 m. 44- ch. Wairewa County Section, Widening : Improvements at Ataahua have replaced the winding road, extending over 1 m. 10 ch., with new alignment of less curvature, having a total length of 70 ch. Near Lake Forsyth, 45 ch. of widening has been completed. Christchurch-Motukarara: — Sumner-Evans Pass : 78 ch. of deviation and widening were completed. Evans Pass - Lyttelton: Widening was carried out over Im. 44 ch. and retaining-walls built where required. Lyttelton - Governor's Bay : Improvements to width, grade, and alignment were undertaken over 2 m. 30 ch. Kaiapoi-Waddington. —Rangiora-Southbrook : Two-coat sealing was applied over 56 ch.

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Sockbum - Southbridge - Rakaia Huts :— Prebbleton - Springston : Two-coat sealing was applied over 3m. 40 ch., and primer-coat followed by one-coat sealing over 5 m. Prebbleton Overbridge : A contract has been let for this work, comprising a concrete bridge of four 50 ft. and two 30 ft. spans, with approaches. Christchurch - Governor's Bay. —Kiwi - Governor's Bay : Formation and preparation for sealing was completed over 1 m. 75 ch. Cashmere-Ferry Bridge via Heathcote. —1 m. of two-coat sealing was applied. Ashley-Balcairn. —Stoney Creek Bridge : This concrete bridge, of two 50 ft. spans, was completed. Marshland-New Brighton. —The preparation of a 27 ch. length for sealing was carried out. Woodend-Pound. —56 ch. of two-coat sealing was applied. Teddington - Port Levy —Lyttelton Borough : Im. 64 ch. of one-coat sealing was completed. Kaiapoi-Tuahiwi. —Kaiapoi Borough : One-coat sealing, followed by plant-mix, was applied over 1 m. 11 ch. Summit Highway. —The metalling of the 9 m. 36 ch. highway was. completed, and one-coat sealing applied. Christchurch-Timaru (No. 15 District) : — Rangitata Deviation —Rangitata River Bridge-North Branch: The erection of this concrete bridge, of fifty-one 40 ft. and two 4-1 ft. spans, is in progress ; the piles of twenty-five piers were driven, fifteen capped, and columns concreted for fourteen piers. Concrete has been placed in twelve spans, and kerbs and handrails in eleven spans. Rakaia River Bridge : The erection of this concrete bridge, of one hundred and forty-four 40 ft. spans, is well advanced. At the end of the year piles had been driven for fifty-two spans at the north and twenty-four at the south end, forty piers had been concreted and capped, and twenty-nine deck-spans concreted. Timaru-Dunedin (No. 15 District). —Deep Creek-McNamara's Corner : A seal-coat was applied over 4 m. 40 ch. Timaru-Cromwell via Lindis (No. 15 District). —Pleasant Point-Cave : Preparation for 2m. of sealing has been carried out. Ashburlon- J unction Darjield-Arundel Main Highway : — Ashburton-Winchmore : One-coat sealing, followed by plant-mix, has been applied over 4 m. 25 ch. Ashburton Borough : 53 ch. of second-coat sealing was applied. Deep Creek - Waihao Downs - Dip Creek —Waimate County : 9m. of one-coat sealing was completed. Geraldine-Orari. —Geraldine County : A length of 42 ch. received a one-coat seal. Lake Pukaki - Hermitage.—Whale Creek Bridge: All piles (forty-four) have been driven for this bridge, a 200 ft. concrete structure on steel piles. 65 ch. of approaches have been formed. Walnut Avenue. —Plant-mix surfacing was laid over 54 ch. Timaru-Dunedin (No. 16 District) The Waianakarua Overbridge and approaches were practically completed, and have now been opened for traffic. The improvements between Hillgrove and Shag Point were completed, except for 1 m. of top-course metalling. 4 m. 70 ch. between Shag Point and Palmerston was sealed in one coat of tar, followed by a bituminous drag-seal coat. Palmerston Overbridge : A contract has been let and the work commenced. Metalling was completed on a length of 12 m. 33 ch. between Palmerston and Merton, and the first-coat sealing applied. A contract was let for the renewal of Munro's Bridge over the Pleasant River, a concrete structure of two 36 ft. spans, and work commenced. Timaru-Cromwell (No. 16 District) : — Lindis Pass - Tarras : Improvement-works were continued on the section leading to Lindis Pass, where 2m. 73 ch. of formation and 2m. of base-course metalling were completed. Except for a length of 1 m., the work on this side of the Pass is now nearly complete. Lindis Downs : Work was commenced on a 6 m. deviation which will eliminate a tortuous hill section of highway. 57 ch. of formation was completed, and a further 14 ch. in heavy cutting well advanced. Milton-Queenstown (No. 16 District) :— Alexandra Borough : 54 ch. has been primed. Clyde Township : 45 ch. has been prepared for sealing, and 20 ch. of footpath formation and kerbing carried out. The construction of the 12| m. section between Clyde and Cromwell has been completed, except for the erection of the Leaning Rock Bridge, and 5| m. of top-course metalling. The work completed comprised 5 m. of formation, 9J m. of base-course, and 7 m. of top-course metalling, the construction of six concrete bridges, each 27 ft. long, the widening of two existing concrete arch bridges of 20 ft. and 26 ft. span, and the elimination by deviation of two level crossings.

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A length of sm. 26 ch. from Clyde towards Cromwell has been prepared for sealing. The application of the priming-coat was in hand at the end of the year. From Cromwell to the Hospital turnoff, 1 m. 60 ch. has been reconstructed and prepared for sealing. Reconstruction of the Kawarau Gorge section was commenced from the Cromwell end, 2m. 26 ch. of formation being completed. A further 3m. is in progress. Tarras-Queenstown. —The construction of a |m. deviation has been completed near Albert Town Pukeuri-Kurow-Omarama. —A commencement was made with the reconstruction and sealing of the Pukeuri-Kurow section, a length of some 40 m. The first 4m. 65 cli., from Pukeuri to Horse Gully Road, was completed. Waiareka-Ngapara-Duntroon.—2 m. 25 ch., from Waiareka Junction to Weston, was reconstructed and sealed. Palmerston-Clyde :— Pour open fords between Waihemo and Shingle Creek were culverted, as a result of which the flooded condition which has frequently interrupted traffic is now removed. The construction of the 49 ch. Red Cutting Deviation was substantially completed by the end of the year, and is now available for traffic. The replacement of a timber bridge at Beck's Creek by a 20 ft. concrete span has been completed. St. Bathans Loop. —The construction of a large reinforced-concrete pipe-culvert and filling has been completed at Muddy Creek. Dunedin-Waitati via Leith Valley.—During the year the construction of this alternative northern approach to Dunedin was commenced. The route follows the existing Leith Valley Highway for 1J m., thence a new route through Pigeon Flat is adopted, regaining the present highway at tho Saddle. The length of the reconstruction and deviation is sm. 46 ch., and 56 ch. was completed during the year. A further Im. has been culverted, fenced, and opened up. Kyeburn-Middlemarch. —An old bridge at the Six-mile Creek has been replaced by a 15 ft. span in concrete. Dunedin-Gore (No. 17 District) : — The programme of major improvements from Milton southward was continued. With the exception of a J m. deviation, the Milton-Balclutha section of 14 m. 3 ch. was completely constructed and metalled, and a further length of 7 m., south of Balclutha, is in progress. 4 m. 61 ch. was primed and sealed. The Tokomairiro River Bridge, of one 28 ft. and three 18 ft. concrete spans, was completed. The Lovell's Flat Overbridge was completed and opened for traffic. Milton-Queenstown (No. 17 District) :— The Clarksville Overbridge and its approaches were completed. At Manuka Gorge, 6m. from Milton, a length of 1| m. was reconstructed, and a further 30 ch. is in progress. The work involves heavy formation, principally in rock, and considerable lengths of stone-walling. Stewart's Memorial Bridge, at Island Block, was widened to 24 ft. A contract was let for sealing in Roxburgh and a portion of Lawrence Borough. Mosgiel-Middlemarch-Dunback. —Taieri County: A contract was let for improvements and sealing over a length of 7m. 48 ch. At the end of the year the formation was substantially completed, also 6 m. of metalling, 4 m. of tar-priming, and 3 m. of sealing. Dunedin - Dukes Road Railway-station. —On this highway, which provides an alternative route to the Taieri Aerodrome, 5| m. of reconstruction was commenced, and 1 m. of formation has been substantially completed. Green Island - Taieri Mouth :— Reconstruction and two-coat sealing were completed from Green Island to Brighton, a length of 5 m. 57 ch. The Kaikorai Stream Bridge, of four 30 ft. spans in concrete, was completed. The new structure is on improved alignment, eliminating two sharp curves. Waikawa-Papatowai. —On a narrow section, between the Fleming River Bridge and Chaslands, widening was carried out over a length of 1 m. 60 ch. Dunedin-Gore (No. 18 District). —The Pukerau - McNab Deviation, 5 m. 27 ch. in length, is well advanced, 4m. of formation and 3m. 13 ch. of metalling being completed. The balance, including three bridges, is in progress. The overbridge at Otikerama has been commenced. Gore-Invercargill. —The reconstruction of 10 m. 45 ch., from Bridge Inn to Dacre, was completed, and 9m. 73 ch. received a priming-coat. A contract has been let for a further 12 m. of reconstruction between Dacre and Brydone, and work is in progress. Invercargill-Blujf.—Reconstruction is in hand on two sections totalling 13 m. 66 ch., of which 3 m. 70 ch. has been reformed and 3 m. 65 ch. metalled.

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Queenstown-Invercargill:— Lowther Deviation : 3m. 7 oh. was formed and metalled. An 8 ft. bridge and two culverts have been completed, and the Dome Creek Bridge is in progress. This deviation eliminates two level crossings. Lumsden Town District: A length of 42 ch. was reconstructed for sealing. Garoline-Dipton : A length of 4m. 32 ch. was partly reconstructed in preparation for sealing, and 38 ch. of plant-mix smoothing-coat applied to existing sealed surfaces. Branxholm Overbridge : This bridge and approaches were completed. Lorne-Buxton Corner : A second sealing-coat was applied over this length of 2 m. 2 ch. Gore-Lumsden. —Lumsden Town District: Reconstruction in preparation for sealing was completed over 20 ch. Lumsden - Te Anau - Milford Sound : — Mossburn - Te Anau : A gravel base-course was applied over 4 m. 65 ch. The Mararoa Bridge, 280 ft. long, and Mount Hamilton Creek Bridge, 59 ft., were renewed in concrete. Te Anau - Hollyford Valley: Work on the Homer Tunnel and approach road was discontinued early in May, 1937, and recommenced in November. The tunnel was excavated to full size over 89 ft., making a total of 462 ft., and the 12 ft. by 9 ft. heading was carried a further 610 ft. A reinforced-concrete avalanche-protection is being constructed at the tunnel portal, 180 ft. being completed. The construction of the highway from 57 m. to the tunnel portal at 62 m. 49 ch. has consisted of completing narrow formation, widening, metalling, and bridge construction. 60 ch. of formation, 2m. of metalling, and 100 ft. of bridging have been completed. Milford End : 2m, of bush clearing, If m. of formation, 517 ft. of bridging, and 4|- m. of base-course gravelling have been completed. Bridging includes suspension spans of 175 ft. over the Tutoko River, 100 ft. over the Don River, and 100 ft. over the Gulliver. Lorne-Tuatapere: — The Lorneville overbridge and approaches have been completed. Mclnerney's Bridge, of one 19 ft. span, was renewed in concrete. Edendale-Wyndham.—Bdendale Township : 21 ch. was reconstructed prior to sealing. Edendale- Seaward Downs—Edendale Township : 20 ch. was reconstructed prior to sealing. Winton-Gore: — A | m. length at Ram's Creek was raised above flood-level. The Winton Channel Bridge, 36 ft., and Egerton's Bridge, 12 ft., were renewed in concrete. Argyle-Tuatapere.—The Middle Creek and Merry Creek Overflow Bridges, of 17 ft. and 18 ft. spans respectively, were constructed. Lorne-Hedgehope. —92 ch. of second-coat sealing was completed. Dunn's Highway. —1 m. 72 ch. of second-coat sealing was completed. The Board acknowledges the continued co-operation of the Public Works Department in matters relating to main highways administration and records its appreciation of the valuable services rendered by officers of the Department in carrying out an extended programme during the period under review. The accompanying tables contain statistical information relative to finance, construction, maintenance, &c., in respect of the main highways system. Signed on behalf of the Main Highways Board, J. Wood, M.lnst.C.E., Chairman.

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TABLE 1.—MAIN HIGHWAYS ACCOUNT. Income and Expenditure Account for the Year ended 31st March, 1938, and Total to Date.

234

Total since Total since 7,' viii:nt)TtT! r I 1 , i Total for | Inception of Main TiwnAri? Total for Inception of Main HXP KNDil UiU. 1 Year 1937-3S. | Highways Act, 1922, INCOME. Year 1937-38. Highways Act, 1922, I to 31 /s/38. to 31/3/38. Net expenditure on construction and improvement of main highways — Highway District — £ s. d. £ s. d. Loans raised under Main Highways Act, 1922 — No. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 127,780 8 5 893,090 17 8 Stock and Debentures issued — £ s. d. £ s, d. No. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 409,083 1 9 1,493,192 14 6 At 3 per cent, interest .. .. .. .. .. 1,600,000 0 0 2,265,363 0 0 No. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 138,633 18 1 362,342 14 10 At 3J per cent, interest .. .. .. .. .. 76,800 0 0 686,305 0 0 No. 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40,415 0 3 493,039 15 10 At 3f per cent, interest .. .. .. .. .. .. 190,895 0 0 No. 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100,237 17 2 451,562 7 7 At 4 per cent, interest .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,295,185 0 0 No. 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 57,119 15 0 444,407 19 9 At 4| per cent, interest .. .. .. .. .. .. 542,004 10 10 No. 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 95,907 7 9 502,245 7 1 Securities redeemed, Loans Redemption Account .. .. .. 649,440 0 0 No. 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 108,078 2 0 415,542 15 8 Consolidated Fund —Public Debt Repayment Account .. .. .. 55,720 0 0 No. 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 145,883 11 4 846,717 4 1 * - No. 10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47,406 16 2 329,343 19 9 1,676,800 0 0 5,684,914 10 10 Totals for North Island .. .. .. .. 1,270,545 17 11 6,231,485 16 9 No. 11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 154,209 16 9 424,358 13 9 Receipts under section 15, Finance Act, 1923, from Public Works Fund, .. 1,226,000 0 0 No. 12 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 189,514 11 8 498,541 18 1 General Purposes Account (at 5 per cent, interest) .. No. 13 .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 15,680 16 2 194,824 10 8 No. 14 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 98,048 0' 1 534,548 13 7 Income from — No. 15 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 73,972 2 4 277,794 6 3 Motor-registration licenses, fees, and fines (section 24, Motor-vehicles No. 16 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 119,470 1 1 428,799 3 6 Act, 1924).. .. .. .. .. .. .. 556,479 8 5 5,064,959 16 9 No. 17 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100,384 17 6 514,209 9 11 Less Commission on collection by Post and Telegraph DepartmentNo. 18 .. .. .. .. .. .... 158,501 6 1 449,116 16 0 £ s. d. Motor-registration fees and licenses .. .. 22,248 16 0 Totals for Dominion .. .. .. .. .. 2,180,327 9 7 9,553,679 8 6 Fees for registration of change of ownership .. 10,377 10 6 32,626 6 6 262,596 1 4 Net expenditure on renewals of main highways :— 523,853 1 11 4,802 363 15 5 Highway District — No. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,540 18 4 20,466 5 11 Interest from investments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 216,452 4 2 No. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30,721 17 11 51,790 12 1 Interest from local authorities on plant purchased on their behalf .. 1,927 14 11 24,402 1 10 No. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,261 12 1 8,650 2 6 Interest on advances to local authorities .. .. .. .. 3,574 7 10 30,068 13 7 No. 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24,837 12 1 33,616 18 4 Mileage Tax (Finance Act, 1931-32 (No. 2), section 19) .. .. 6,161 13 1 13,484 16 9 No. 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,219 0 8 15,590 5 4 Miscellaneous receipts .. .. .. .. .. .. 524 11 6 2,263 8 2 No. 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,086 6 9 5,959 0 5 Motor-spirits tax (section 9, Motor-spirits Taxation Act, 1927) .. .. 1,918,485 17 9 11,534,708 2 7 No. 7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,114 11 2 12,249 19 0 Tire-tax (sections 13 and 14, Main Highways Act, 1922) .. .. 158,526 7 2 2,218,662 11 4 No. 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,778 6 7 3,159 18 5 Transfer from Consolidated Fund (section 14, Main Highways Act, 1922) .. 210,000 0 0 No. 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,058 7 6 5,489 1 5 Rent of and tolls from ferries .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 081 10 6 No. 10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,766 13 0 13,528 16 10 Totals for North Island .. .. .. .. 95,385 6 1 170,501 0 3 No. 11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,420 16 7 2,549 6 10 No. 12 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31,756 2 7 55,203 13 9 No. 13 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Cr. 627 10 10 192 6 4 No. 14 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. i 1,635 0 4 2,166 8 7 No. 15 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 16 8 No. 16 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 985 2 9 3,577 14 4 No. 17 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,739 18 0 3,248 19 10 No. 18 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,978 15 9 7,226 1 3 Totals for Dominion .. .. .. .. .. 138,273 11 3 244,677 7 10* Carried forward .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,318,601 0 10 9,798,356 16 4 Carried forward .. .. .. .. .. 4,289,853 14 2 25,965,401 15 2 * Expenditure from 1/4/36 only. Previously included under maintenance, repairs, <fcc.

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TABLE 1.—MAIN HIGHWAYS ACCOUNT —continued. Income and Expenditure Account for the Year ended 31st March, 1938, and Total to Date —continued.

235

Total since ! Total since Total for Year Inception of Main | ranOME Total for Year Inception of Main EXPENDITURE. 1937-38. HighwavsAct, 1922, 1 INCOME. 1937-38. Highways Act, 1922, to 31/3/38. | to 31/3/38. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ a. d. Brought forward .. .. .. .. 2,318,601 0 10 9,798,356 16 4 Brought forward .. .. .. .. .. 4,289,853 14 2 25,96-5,401 15 2 Net expenditure on maintenance, repairs, &c., of main highways :— Highway District — No 1 . .. .. .. •• •• •• 101,410 17 8 749,111 18 9 No 2 . . .. .. ■■ •• 137,496 9 0 1,319,542 0 7 No 3 . .. •• •• 89,117 0 5 611,996 5 10 No 4 . .. .. •• •• 79,048 17 7 494,523 11 5 No 5 . .. .. .. •• •• •• 63,618 17 2 738,544 5 8 No 6 .. .. .. .. •• •• 51,062 17 0 507,884 18 7 No 7 .. .. .. .. •• 40,587 18 9 528,599 13 5 No. 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. •• 71,758 16 4 501,620 0 9 No 9 . .. .. .. •• 44,718 110 639,884 12 9 No. 10 .. .. .. .. •• •• 35,041 17 1 545,266 0 1 Totals for North Island .. .. •• 713,881 12 10 6,636,973 7 10 No. 11 .. .. .. .. •• •• •• 61,466 10 10 559,955 1 6 No 12 .. .. .. .. .. •• •• 73,406 12 1 951,264 4 3 No. 13 .. .. .. .. •• •• •• 26,983 12 8 247,275 7 7 No. 14 .. .. .. .. •• •• •• 39,880 10 0 401,858 1 7 No. 15 .. .. .. .. .. -• •• 36,122 10 4 486,273 8 9 No. 16 .. .. .. .. .. •• 37,807 5 1 336,966 9 2 No. 17 .. .. .. .. .. •• 32,044 3 3 331,790 19 3 No. 18 .. .. .. .. .. •• •• 52,518 14 2 398,249 4 1 Totals for Dominion .. .. .. •• •• 1,074,111 11 3 10,350,606 4 0 Total expenditure by Highways Districts .. .. 3,392,712 12 1 20,148,963 0 4 Administration — Administration expenses (including salaries, travellingexpenses, office rents, printing, stationery, postages, and £ s. d. miscellaneous expenses) .. .. .. .- 148,868 5 5 .. 629,355 5 8 Fees and travelling - expenses of members of the main Highways Board other than Government members .. 1,406 6 2 .. 17,128 1 2 Miscellaneous expenses — Advertising, maps, rent of halls, traffic tallies, transport of samples, depreciation of furniture, &c. .. .. 198 7 9 .. 5,717 10 9 Compassionate grants to widows and relatives of deceased employees .. .. .. .. 4,000 0 0 .. 4,000 0 0 Compensation under section 3, Public Works Amendment Act, 1925 .. .. .. .. ■■ •• 1,015 1 6 Exchange on remittances .. .. .. .. 1,602 18 11 .. 6,269 15 0 Grant to Transport Department towards Traffic inspection .. .. .. .. .. 17,906 0 5 .. 17,906 0 5 Penological laboratory and other experimental work, Expenses of .. .. .. •• •• 1,330 5 9 .. 10,683 0 2 Total administration .. .. .. 175,312 4 5 692,074 14 8 Carried forward .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,568,024 16 6 20,841,037 15 0 Carried forward .. .. .. 4,289,853 14 2 25,965,401 15 2

D.—l.

TABLE 1.—MAIN HIGHWAYS ACCOUNT— continued. Income and Expenditure Account for the Year ended 31st March, 1938, and Total to Date— continued.

236

i Total since Total since T?-x-pTrAmTTTTPT? Total for ! Inception of Main t ntpomt? Total for Inception of Main EXJrElNDIT UKh. Year 1937 _ 38 . | Highways Act, 1922, iJN Year 1937-38. Highways Act, 1922. j to 31/3/38. |j to 31/3/38. £ s. d. £ s. d. ! £ B . d. £ s. d. Brought forward .. .. .. .. .. 3,568,024 16 6 20,841,037 15 0 Brought forward .. .. .. .. .. 4,289,853 14 2 25,965,401 15 2 Loan charges —• £ s. d. Charges and expenses of raising loans, management charges of Consolidated Stock on account of Construction Fund, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 489 11 4 .. 68,971 3 9 Interest on amount appropriated out of Public Works Fund and paid into Main Highways Account Construction Fund .. .. .. .. .. .. 61,300 0 0 .. 490,400 0 0 Interest on loans, recoupment to Consolidated Fund (section 4, Finance Act, 1919) .. .. .. 150,758 12 5 .. 1,111,300 4 9 Transfer to reserve for redemption of main highway securities .. .. .. .. .. 99,992 0 0 •• 693,194 0 0 * Payment to local authorities in commutation of toll-gate charges (Finance Act, 1925, section 20) .. .. 1,451 18 4 .. 27,204 5 9 Payment to Wellington City Council in commutation of fees chargeable in respect of motor-vehicles using Hutt Road (Finance Act, 1927 (No. 2), section 33) .. 24,501 11 7 .. 230,586 7 5 Total loan charges .. .. .. 338,493 13 8 2,621,656 1 8 Subsidies, &c., in respect of other than main highways — Municipal Corporations (Municipal Corporations Act, 1933, section 71) .. .. .. .. .. 31,330 9 2 .. 210,481 6 3 County Councils and other local authorities (Finance Act, 1930, section 37) .. .. .. .. 175,214 15 3 .. 1,306,641 18 10 Subsidies to County Councils for rebate to ratepayers (Finance Act (No. 4), 1931, section 45) .. .. .. •• 253,892 12 1 Subsidy on rates levied on farming land (Finance Act (No. 3), 1934, section 28) .. .. ..Or. 17 8 6 .. 364,583 19 9 Maintenance and construction of roads giving access to outlying areas (Finance Act (No. 3), 1931) .. .. .. -• 45,918 8 8 Total subsidies .. .. .. .. — 206,527 15 11 2,181 ,518 5 7 4,113,046 6 1 25,644,212 2 3 Balance, being excess of income over expenditure, carried to general balance-sheet .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 176,807 8 1 321,189 12 11 4,289,853 14 2 25,965,401 15 2 j 4,289,853 14 2 25,965,401 15 2 ____________ * Excludes £60,408 10s. 7d. interest credited. Note. —No charge for the cost of exchange on interest payments made in London is included in the accounts.

TABLE 1.—MAIN HIGHWAYS ACCOUNT— continued. General Balance-sheet as at 31st March, 1938.

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Notes, (a) No liability is included for interest on loans redeemed out of Public Debt Repayment Account. (6) The two accounts, previously known as " Construction " and " Revenue " were amalgamated as from Ist April, 1936, and the account is now termed the " Main Highways Account," in accordance with section 3, Finance Act (No. 2), 1935. J. W. Scott, A.R.A.N.Z., Chief Accountant, Public Works Department. J. Wood, Chairman, Main Highways Board. I hereby certify that the Income and Expenditure Account and Balance-sheet have been duly examined and compared with the relative books and documents submitted for audit and correctly state the position as disclosed thereby, subject to the departmental notes enfaced thereon.— -J. H. Fowlek, Controller and Auditor-General.

237

f II LIABILITIES. Total. ASSETS. i Total. - | £ s. d. £ s. d. Cash in Public Account — £ s. d. £ s. d. Excess of income over expenditure for 1937-38 .. .. .. .. 176,807 8 1 At call .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 62 265 9 5 A.dd Balance at 31/3/37 .. .. .. .. ., 144,382 4 10 Sundry debtors — j 321,189 12 11 Public Works Department .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,237 15 .5 Other Government Departments .. .. .. .. .. 12,675 10 9 Sundry creditors : Non-departmental .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,543 7 2 Public Works Department .. .. .. .. .. 27,604 9 1 27 456 13 4 Other Government Departments .. .. .. .. .. 7,476 6 2 Advances to local authorities (Main Highways Amendment Act, 1926, Non-departmental .. .. .. .. .. .. 281,054 6 0 section 2) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 103,932 7 8 316,135 1 3 Advance on subsidies (Finance Act, 1930, sections 37 and 39, and Finance Act, Interest accrued on loans .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37,675 10 9 1932, section 36) Reserves for redemption of securities .. .. .. .. .. 104,162 10 7 Motor-registration fee in hands of Postal Department .. .. .. .. 2,013 7 8 Writings-off in Suspense .. .. .. .. .. .. | .. 2,871 0 1 Interest due and accrued .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,997 2 4 j Buildings .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13,727 12 7 Stocks of materials, tools, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 182,751 19 9 Furniture, fittings, &c. — Expenditure to 31/3/38 .. .. .. .. .. .. 469 13 11 Less depreciation to 31/3/38 .. .. .. .. .. 61 0 11 408 13 0 Plant and equipment — For Main Highways Board — Expenditure to 31/3/38 .. .. .. .. .. .. 341,671 12 6 Less depreciation charged to works .. .. .. .. 105,751 8 5 235,920 4 1 Purchased for local authorities — Expenditure to 31/3/38 .. .. .. .. .. .. 241,332 16 0 Less repayments of principal .. .. .. .. .. 197,806 0 11 : 43,526 15 1 Amount transferred to Loans Redemption Account .. .. .. 753,602 10 7 Less amount utilized for redemption of securities .. .. .. 649,440 0 0 104,162 10 7 Stocks Deficits Account .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,871 0 1 | 782,033 15 7 j , 782,033 15 7

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Table 2. —Lengths of Main Highways at 31st March, 1938.

Table 3.—Construction Work completed during Year 1937-38.

238

Type of Surface. Highway District. Total. Dustless. Macadam. Pumi(,e or " ' " 7 : " i M. ch. M. oh. M. ch. M. oh. 1. Auckland North .. .. 73 53 903 9 .. 976 62 2. Auckland South .. .. 445 17 847 27 5 52 1,298 16 3. Tauranga .. .. 84 71 343 66 292 38 721 15 4. Gisborne .. .. 82 74 311 31 .. 394 25 5. Napier .. .. .. 206 69 530 77 .. 737 66 6. King Country .. .. 28 75 560 5 13 0 602 0 7. Taranaki .. .. 334 39 127 66 10 75 473 20 8. Wanganui .. .. 120 50 408 40 1 15 530 25 9. Wellington West .. 233 76 270 23 .. 504 19 10. Wellington Bast .. .. 144 45 359 74- .. 504 39 Totals, North Island .. 1,756 9 4,663 18 323 20 6,742 47 11. Nelson .. .. .. 53 12 610 54 8 67 672 53 12. West Coast .. .. 42 2 501 12 .. 543 14 13. Canterbury North .. 50 17 283 47 .. 333 64 14. Canterbury Central .. 183 76 566 28 .. 750 24 15. Canterbury South .. 137 44 683 61 .. 821 25 16. Otago Central .. .. 88 51 752 17 .. 840 68 17. Otago South .. .. ! 63 13 460 60 .. 523 73 18. Southland .. .. 40 38 867 4 .. 907 42 Totals, South Island .. 659 13 4,725 43 8 67 5,393 43 Totals, Dominion .. 2,415 22 9,388 61 332 7 12,136 10 Summary. State highways .. .. 1,449 44 2,298 41 192 47 3,940 52 Main highways .. .. 965 58 7,090 20 ! 139 40 8,195 38 Totals .. .. 2,415 22 9,388 61 332 7 12,136 10

Tar and fioad - and Bitu- j Formation Gravelling Plant-mix minous Portland j EngineerHighway District. and and | Bitu- Macadam 1 Cement I Bridges. ing Widening. Metalling. ® minous (Pene- Concrete. I Surveys, beaiing. Surfacingi tration). j I I i j I M. eh. M. ch. M. ch. M. ch. M. oh. M. ch. Ft. M. ch. 1. Auckland North 12 60 12 14 11 55 .. .. .. 1,170 47 40 2. Auckland South .. .. .. 70 31 43 25 59 51 21 27 .. .. 908 100 56 3. Tauranga .. .. .. 28 45 19 15 8 55 .. .. .. 99 10 0 4 Giaborne .. .. 6 19 2 9 10 56 .. .. .. 1,255 4 32 5. Napier .. .. .. .. 15 76 31 44 26 6 .. .. .. 709 59 0 6. King Country .. .. • ■ 9 39 7 26 .. .. .. .. 534 7. Taranaki 7 22 5 70 2 34 6 0 .. .. 412 8. Wanganui .. . • • . 9 61 3 41 16 4 .. .. .. 150 30 72 9. Wellington West 31 26 1 16 27 15 .. .. .. 384 28 77 10. Wellington East .. . . 16 67 3 30 20 3 .. .. .. 565 12 51 11 Nelson .. .. .. 31 7 28 46 0 68 5 37 .. .. 240 70 47 12. West Coast .. .. .. 23 29 22 64 13 70 .. .. .. 2,186 63 46 13. Canterbury North .. 3 32 3 5 3 6 .. .. .. 384 4 38 14. Canterbury Central .. .. 12 23 10 18 30 56 9 20 .. .. 562 32 2 15. Canterbury South .. .. 0 65 2 0 13 40 4 79 .. .. . . 10 60 16. Otago Central 19 63 13 20 22 8 2 25 .. .. 589 26 2 17. Otago South 5 3 4 3 13 38 476 42 57 18. Southland .. .. 24 58 27 13 2 2 .. .. .. 483 34 7 Totals .. .. .. 329 6 240 59 282 7 49 28 .. .. 11,106 578 27

D.—l.

Table 4.— Lengths of Main Highways metalled and surfaced since Inception of Board's Operations (9th June, 1924).

Table 5.—Maintenance of Main Highways (including Bridges).

239

m r o _*• Percentage T yP e of Surfaoe " Dustless of „ „ . , t? . — Surfacing Dustless At close of Period endmg Main , „ , , n ,, added during Surfacing to Highways. Pumice and Gravel and Dustless » Total Main Clay. | Macadam. | Surfacing. Highways. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. Miles. Per Cent. 9th June, 1924 .. 5,954 1,535 4,171 248 .. 4-2 31st March, 1925 .. 5,954 1,472 4,222 260 12 4-4 1926 .. 6,272 1,384 4,557 331 71 5-3 1927 .. 6,391 1,233 4,726 432 101 6-8 1928 .. 6,608 1,100 i 4,953 555 123 8-4 1929 .. 10,403 915 8,735 753 198 7-2 1930 .. 10,408 736 8,705 967 214 9-3 1931 .. 10,419 608 8,685 1,126 159 10-8 1932 .. 10,846 539 9,009 1,298 172 12-0 1933 .. 10,878 494 9,005 1,379 81 12-7 1934 .. 10,974 466 9,047 1,461 82 13-3 1935 .. 11,557 . 397 9,494 1,666 205 14-4 1936 .. 12,048 390 9,715 1,943 277 16-1 1937 .. 12,114 353 9,634 2,127 184 17-6 „ 1938 .. 12,136 332 9,389 2,415 288 19-9 Percentage at 31st March, 100 2-7 77-4 19-9 1938

Expenditure. Average per Mile per Annum. Highway District. Maintained Lociil 00 E; I <0 u5 ■# I eo I « : rn I oJ al u Board. Authori- Total. co f | » » co I co | co -? 7 ®i ties. t> 50 (MirH o!o) 00 CO 52 1 CO CO CO colco CO (N Gq lOJ 2!01 OJ OJ OiiCS OSIO) OS | rt "- 1 1 r-l rH rt ) rt S M. ch. £ £ £ ££££££££££ 1 Auckland North 976 62 101,411 10,996 113,407 115-1 93-2 110-1 97-9 71-6 61-2 79-2 83-4 115-7 90-3 2' Auckland South 1,298 16 137,496 26,293 163,789 126-2 119-3 181-4 141-1 124-6 106-9 145-3 175-8 214-3 183-0 3' Tauranna . 721 15 89,117 3,448 92,565 128-4 84-3 153-1 87-1 72-9 61-9 70-7 80-4 90-7 74-5 V Giaborne 394 25 79,049 5,788 84,837 215-2 182-9 178-1 164-9 106-4 96-3 117-3 163-5 189-5 124-9 5' Namer " 737 66 63,619 9,853 73,472 99-6 82-4 138-9 117-7 81-4 79-3 75-9 121-2 146-7 120-3 6' King Country .. 602 0 51,083 6,290 57,373 95-3 116-5 89-2 99-7 70-8 57-1 70-0 85-8 115-7 61-4 7' Taranaki 473 20 40,588 4,217 44,805 94-7 104-1 123-4 102-5 83-8 84-5 125-2 136-0 172-8 155-9 8' Wanaanui .. 530 25 71,759 9,140 80,899 152-5 115-9 122-0 87-5 80-8 66-0 101-0 126-7 176-1 88-5 9' Wellington West 504 19 44,718 7,172 51,890 102-9 121-9 164-1 124-7 106-0 110-8 149-8 179-0 224-3 J.85-6 lo! Wellington East 504 39 35,042 10,039 45,081 89-4 108-0 175-3 181-3 114-9 91-4 128-6 141-6 159-0 138-4 Totals, North Island 6,742 47 713,882 93,236 807,118 119-7 109-0 143-2 118-3 91-3 81-0 104-5 124-8 155-8 119-9 11 Nelson 672 53 61,467 5,253 66,720 99-2 80-3 116-8 101-1 74-1 66-6 103-6 82-0 112-8 88-7 12'WestCoast " 543 14 73,407 5,644 79,051 145-5 141-8 214-5 142-6 110-8 104-1 136-7 122-4 166-8 144-9 13' Canterbury North 333 64 26,984 3,977 30,961 92-8 64-3 62-8 55-7 58-3 50-0 55-4 72-6 99-7 81-1 14.' Canterbury Central 750 24 39,880 7,495 47,375 63-1 54-6 81 - 1 55-2 50-9 50-2 76-5 75-2 77-3 68-8 15 - Canterbury South 821 25 36,122 7,055 43,177 52-6 54-0 96-7 66-9 59-3 67-0 78-7 88-0 89-6 66-3 16* Otaao Central .. 840 68 37,807 7,406 45,213 53-8 49-5 70-1 75-1 50-3 46-4 52-8 36-4 73-9 47-7 17' Otaeo South .. 523 73 32,044 8,043 40,087 76-5 62-8 97-8 84-6 73-8 72-8 99-5 90-8 108-1 77-1 18! Southland .. 907 42 52,519 15,334 67,853 74-8 57-2 57-1 53-9 44-4 41-6 43-2 58-7 57-9 49-9 Totals, South Island 5,393 43 360,230 60,207 420,437 77-9 67-5 96-2 77-6 62-7 60-3 77-4 75-8 94-1 75-0 Totals, Dominion .. 12,136 10 1,074,112153,443 1,227,555 101-2 90-5 122-4 100-3 78-5 70-7 92-5 103-1 128-6 100-1

D.—l.

Table 6. —Tests of Stone completed during the Year ended 31st March, 1938.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing (1,092 copies, including maps and graphs), £025.

Authority: E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—l93B.

Price 7.5.]

240

cn S 'S.+S "5 Abrasion. 18 M . o> 1 ® No. Locality. «•§ 0 o'J « £ & § -§ Jj, Geological Classification. I! fSJ 1! p I ' _ <1 309 Te Kuiti, No. 1 sample .. 159 -3 0-80 5-06 7 '00 15-30 10'0 Limestone. 310 Te Kuiti, No. 2 sample .. 163-4 0-40 3-87 10-30 13-90 16-0 Limestone. 311 Kirkley's Quarry, Taneatua .. 164-6 0-90 3-10 12-90 16-90 19-0 Greywacke. 312 Waimana Gorge, Taneatua .. 176-5 1-50 5-80 6-90 .. .. Serpentine. 313 Taneatua .. .. .. 159-0 1-05 4-00 10-00 17-70 14-0 Greywacke. 314 Stony Hill, Green Island .. 183-9 0-40 4-80 8-40 18-90 49-0 Basalt. 314a Borough Quarry, Birkenhead .. 187-4 0-75 3-20 12-50 18-93 27-0 Basalt. 315 Wairoa River, Nelson .. 207-1 0-30 3-64 11-00 19-31 19-0 Harzburgite. 316 Maungaongaonga, Rotorua .. 147-2 0-30 6-64 6-10 16-50 16-5 Trachyte. 317 Riponui, Whangarei .. 170-0 0-15 5-24 7-60 19-50 15-0 Greywacke. 318 Otonga, Whangarei .. .. 167-4 0-60 5-29 7-60 19-50 48-0 Greywacke. 319 Wheki, Whangarei .. .. 172-1 0-25 2-86 14-00 15-30 21-0 Diabase. 320 Dwyer's Quarry, Whangarei .. 167-4 0-04 3-01 13-20 19-30 27-0 Greywacke. 321 Hikurangi Quarry, Whangarei 175-2 1-25 7-77 5-10 18-80 9-0 Basic tuff. 322 Albert's Cap, Waiwera, Clutha 159-6 1-00 3-82 10-40 17-70 19-5 Greywacke. County 323 Kaihiku, Clutha County .. 164-3 0-55 3-04 13-10 19-30 25-0 Fine conglomerate. 324 Miller's Quarry, Naumai, North 159-0 0-35 3-36 11-90 18-30 29-5 Trachyte. Auckland 325 Ditto .. .. .. 155-5 2-35 5-22 7-60 18-10 19-0 Trachyte; slightly weathered. 326 Donovan's Quarry, Tokatoka, 169-4 .. 5-14 7-80 17-40 10-5 Diabase. North Auckland 327 Ditto .. .. .. 167-3 .. 5-50 7-20 .. .. Diabase; 2nd grade. 328 Donovan's Bluff, Tokatoka, 146-0 2-80 .. .. (Soft) .. Diabase; partly weaNorth Auckland thered. 329 Maungaongaonga, Rotorua .. 157-3 1 -16 4-74 8-40 17-57 15-5 Trachyte. 330 Wanstead Quarry, Dannevirke 166-8 0-20 5-92 6-70 15-90 8-5 Arenaceous limestone. 331 Piha, Auckland .. .. 168-0 0-31 3-87 10-34 17-35 13-0 Melaphyre (altered basalt). 332 Hursthouse Street Pit, Motueka 165-2 1-14 .. .. 14-52 11-0 Granite (white). 333 „ 168-4 0-58 .. .. 16-30 37-5 Greywacke. 334 Hunter's Quarry, Waitakarei, 145-6 7-78 7-25 5-51 11-70 6-0 Altered tuff. Auckland 335 Papamoa, Tauranga .. 165-5 0-75 2-30 17-40 18-90 18-5 Hypersthene andesite. Other tests were made by sieve analysis, gravitation, microscopic examination, tension, and lineal shrinkage of top-course materials, and soil constants of subgrades.

D.—l.

Mail-car to Napier caught, in Large Slip during Floods, May, 1938.

Typical Siltation during Floods, May, 1938.

GISBORNE-N A PIER VIA HANGAROA STATE HIGHWAY.

I—Main Highways*

D.—l.

View showing Extraordinary Flood Conditions, April, 1938. Rise above previous highest known High Flood-level approximately 16ft.

MOHAKA RIVER BRIDGE.

General View, showing Progress of Construction.

THORNDON OVERBRIDGE, WELLINGTON CITY.

D.—l.

Level Crossing at Kai Iwi being eliminated by Construction of Overbridge shown below.

Kai Iwi Overbridge, in Course of Construction, eliminating Level Crossing shown in Top View.

} rAWEIIA-WANGANUI STATE HIGHWAY.

D.—l.

Punehu Bridge. One 65 ft., Two 57 ft., and Two 20ft. Spans; 20ft. Roadway.

ELTHAM-OPUNAKE MAIN HIGHWAY.

Church Hill Deviation and Bridge; Three 40ft. Spans, 24ft. Roadway.

POHANGINA VALLEY MAIN HIGHWAY.

D.—l.

Greatford Overbridge under Construction. End View before placing Approach Banks.

Cliff Road Subway. View looking South showing Temporary Road on Right.

HOROPITO-BULLS VIA TAIHAPE STATE HIGHWAY.

D.—l.

View looking North, showing Reinforcing for Concrete Columns.

View looking South, showing Columns concreted.

FLOOD CONDITIONS AT WHIROKINO TRESTLE, MANAWATU RIVER OVERFLOW, WAN GANUI -LEVIN STATE HIGHWAY.

D.—l

Bonny Glen Overbridge. Four 40 ft., Two 45ft. Spans, 24ft. Roadway. Bridge skewed 72° from Normal, necessitating "Stepover" Pier.

TURAKINA-CLIF.F. ROAD VIA MARTON MAIN HIGHWAY.

Clarksville Overbridge. Three 45ft. Spans, 24ft. Roadway, skewed 53° from Normal.

MILTON-QUEENSTOWN STATE HIGHWAY.

D.—l.

Waimangaroa Overbridge. Three 45ft. Spans, 22ft. Roadway, 4ft. Footway.

Orowaiti River Bridge. Twelve 40ft. Spans, 20ft. Roadway, 4ft. Footway.

WESTPORT-KARAMEA MAIN HIGHWAY.

D.—l.

Aerial View showing Old and New Ashley River Bridges, also showing New Stop-banks.

PICTON-CHRISTCHURCH STATE HIGHWAY.

Rakaia River Road Bridge, 5,760ft. in Length, 24ft. Roadway, under Construction on Right. Note New Railway-bridge under Construction on Extreme Left and existing Combined Road and Railway Bridge in Centre.

CHRISTCHURCH-TIMARU STATE HIGHWAY.

2—Main Highways.

J).—l.

View showing Buildings, and Avalanche-protec-tion Works under Construction, at Tunnel Portal at Homer Saddle.

Covered Way in Reinforced Concrete for Avalanche Protection at Tunnel Portal, Homer Saddle (under Construction).

TE ANAU - MILFORD SOUND MAIN HIGHWAY.

i) 1

Public Works Map SHOWING THE RAILWAYS SOUTH ISLAND OF New Zealand 1938

D J

Public Works Map SHOWINE THE RAILWAYS NORTH ISLAND OF New Zealand 1938