EDUCATION: CHILD WELFARE, STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E.-4, 1933.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1934 Session I, E-04

E.—4.

1934. NEW ZEALAND.

EDUCATION: CHILD WELFARE, STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E.-4, 1933.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

No. I.—EXTRACT FROM THE FIFTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION. CHILD WELFARE. Number of Children under Supervision. The total number of children under the supervision of the Child Welfare Branch as at 31st March, 1934, was 7,259, classed under the following headings : — State wards — In foster-tomes, hostels, and with friends .. .. .. .. 2,708 In situations (includes 21 absent without leave) .. .. .. 858 In Government institutions, receiving-homes, &c. . . .. .. 251 In private institutions .. .. .. .. .. .. 194 Inmates in special schools for backward children .. .. .. 239 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. .. .. .. 20 At School for Deaf, Sumner . . .. .. .. . . 7 4,277 Young persons supervised in their own homes by Child Welfare Officers, by order of Court . . .. .. .. . . .. .. 850 Infants supervised in foster-homes registered under the Infants Act .. 923 Pupils at School for Deaf, Sumner (other than State wards (7) included in figures above) .. .. . . .. .. .. . . 109 Children dealt with as preventive cases .. .. .. ..1,081 Children at New Zealand Institute for Blind for whom the Department makes payment . . .. .. .. . . .. 19 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,259 The number of children committed to the care of the Superintendent during the year ended 31st March, 1934, was 423, classified according to reasons for committal, as follows : Indigent, 154 ; delinquent, 22 ; detrimental environment, 53 ; neglected, 4 ; not under proper control, 117; accused or guilty of punishable offence, 73 ; and, in addition, 6 were admitted by private arrangement (section 12, Child Welfare Act), while 47 were temporarily admitted, making the total number of admissions for the year 476. Of the children committed, 72 had been dealt with previously by the Courts for other offences, for which they had received terms of supervision.

E.—4.

Classified according to the age at the time of admission, the numbers, including temporary admissions and those admitted under section 12, Child Welfare Act, are as follows : Under six months, 40 ; over six months and under one year, 23 ; from one to five years, 73 ; from five to ten years, 101 ; from ten to fourteen years, 121 ; over fourteen years, 118. The length of period of residence for the children temporarily admitted was from one day to eight weeks. At the 31st March, 1934, 172 over the age of fourteen years were receiving further education, 95. at primary schools and 77 at secondary or technical schools. In addition, there were 20 residing in hostels receiving secondary education, and 1 in residence attending high school. Furthermore, 25 children under the age of fourteen years were receiving higher education.

No. 2. —STATEMENT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE CHILD WELFARE BRANCH FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1934. Investigation and Supervision of Cases appearing before Children's Courts. The number of children dealt with by the Children's Courts during the year was and of these 572 were placed under the supervision of Child Welfare Officers. Of the children placed under supervision, 29 were subsequently committed to the care of the Superintendent. The number actually admitted to institutions such as receiving-homes, special schools, training-farms, &c., was 423 ; but all of these, with the exception of 100 who required further training, were suitably provided for in the community before the close of the year. The other children (1,130) appearing before the Courts were dealt with in a summary manner not calling for supervision by a Child Welfare Officer. At the 31st March, 1934, there was a total number of 850 children under the supervision of Child Welfare Officers by order of the Courts. Of the number (572) placed under supervision this year, 43 had previously been dealt with by the Courts. A Magistrate ordered 1 child to spend a period in an institution. The following statement indicates the numbers (total, 1,130), (other than those placed under supervision or committed) appearing before all such Courts, and the method of disposal: Admonished and discharged, 569 ; admonished and ordered to make restitution, 90 ; withdrawn, 6 ; returned to institutions, 13 ; dismissed, 67 : adjourned, 78 ; committed to Borstal, 29 ; convicted and discharged, 5 ; convicted and fined, 11 ; convicted and probation, 6 ; bircliings, 4 ; deported, 1 ; convicted and ordered to come up for sentence, 2 ; driver's license cancelled, 3. By-law cases : Admonished and costs, 18 ; dismissed, 5 ; convicted and fined, 95 ; convicted and costs, 5 ; admonished and discharged, 122 ; adjourned, 1. Total by-law cases, 246. Of the total, 306 were charged with theft ; 235, wilful damage ; 1, false pretences ; 4, indecency ; 6, attempted carnal knowledge ; 63, mischief ; 2, forgery ; 24, stone-throwing ; 3, possessing firearms ; 8, disorderly conduct ; 2, obscene language ; 17, assault ; 40, breaking, entering, and theft ; 6, breaking and entering ; 22, not under proper control ; 11, conversion ; 8, receiving ; 2, discharging firearms ; 7, indecent assault ; 3, carnal knowledge ; 1, arson ; 1, attempted arson ; 20, detrimental environment ; 11, delinquency ; 2, drunkenness ; 15, unlawfully on premises ; 3, negligent driving ; 1, attempted theft; 6, indigency ; 1, cruelty to animals ; 1, vagrant ; 1, idle and disorderly ; 3, breach of supervision ; 2, breach of Fire Brigades Act ; 18, breach of Motor-vehicles Act ; 1, breach of Public Works Act; 3, breach of Acclimatization Act ; 1, breach of Immigration Act; 1, breach of Fisheries Act ; 10, breach of Arms Act; 12, breach of Railways Act ; and 246, breach of city by-laws. The records show that of the numbers dealt with 129 had been before the Courts for previous offences. In addition to the above, there were 11 cases dealt with by the Magistrates under the provisions of section 17 of the Amendment Act, 1927, and the informations dismissed as trivial; while there were also 78 cases in which, as the result of consultation between the Child Welfare Officer and the police, the informations were regarded as of insufficient importance to warrant Court action —the children concerned being adequately dealt with otherwise, usually as preventive cases under the supervision of a Child Welfare Officer for a period. Preventive Work. An important part of the work of the Child Welfare Officers is that of adjusting conditions in homes and in connection with families in order to prevent the committal of children to the care of the State. In very many cases parents whose children are difficult to manage avail themselves of the services of Child Welfare Officers for the purpose of supervision and friendly guidance. At the end of the year there was a total number of J ,081 children being dealt with in this connection. Table 1 shows the number of cases notified during the year,

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Ē. —4.

Table 1. —Preventive Cases. The following table shows the number of preventive cases notified by Child Welfare Officers during the year ended 31st March, 1934 : —

Children under the Guardianship of the Superintendent of the Child Welfare Branch. At the 31st March, 1934, there were 4,277 children under control (excluding those mentioned under separate heading below), and of these 251 were in residence at Government receiving-homes (many of these only temporarily), training-farms, and training institutions, 239 in special schools for mentally backward children, 83 in the four private Roman Catholic schools recognized under the Child Welfare Act, 2,136 children were boarded out in foster-homes, 837 were in situations, and 545 residing under license with relatives and friends. The remainder were in various private institutions. Young persons over school age in employment number 745 males and 430 females (a number of whom are residing with friends) included in the total of 4,277. Of the males 553 were farm workers (206 skilled in dairy work and cheese-making and 347 competent to milk and carry out general farm work), 52 were apprentices, and 140 others were employed in various trades. Of the girls 364 were domestic workers, 38 factory employees, and 28 engaged in various employments, such as shop and office assistants, probationary nurses, dressmakers, &c. Of these boys and girls 127 (including some apprentices) were being partly maintained by the State. Blind children : Where necessary the Department arranges with the New Zealand Institute for the Blind for the admission of pupils. At the 31st March, 1934, 19 such pupils were maintained as Government pupils, the fee being £25 per annum per pupil. Infant-life Protection (Infants Act, 1908). At the end of the year 923 infants and young children were supervised in 813 licensed fosterhomes. Of these homes, 718 had one child each, 82 had 2 children each, 11 had 3 children each, and 2 had 4 children each. Payments for maintenance, which were made by the relatives, ranged from 4s. to 20s. per week for each child. Out of the 1,411 infants who were residing in licensed homes throughout the year there were only two deaths.

Table 2. —Particulars of Children admitted to and removed from Licensed Foster-homes during Year ended 31st December, 1933.

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District. Number of Families. Number of Children. North. Auckland. .. .. .. .. . . .. 9 28 Auckland . . .. . . .. . . . . 44 72 Hamilton .. .. .. .. .. . . 10 28 Gisborne .. . . .. .. . . . . 20 40 Hawke's Bay .. . . .. .. .. . . 9 9 Hawera .. .. .. . . .. . . . . 8 13 Wanganui . . .. .. . . .. .. 7 20 Palmerston North . . . . .. . . .. 7 9 Wellington .. .. .. .. .. .. 66 119 Nelson and Marlborough . . .. . . . . .. 17 43 West Coast (South Island).. .. .. .. .. 1 2 North Canterbury .. .. .. . . .. 22 25 South Canterbury . . .. . . . . .. 12 31 Otago .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 41 Southland . . . . .. . . . . . . 13 30 Totals „ .. _258_ 510

» M p. -p- .2 ■ 3* 3 • » 5° «2 tc Under 6 £ £ g§ S § S S S§ S§ Over 6 m , AT it. O S.O =8 L® CS,® cS CD s ® ii Totals Months. £|* ®»>h Years. coo <w ia to to '-i <M CO T* io On the books at 31st December, 1932 66 69 176 176 164 135 108 1 102 996 Placed in foster-homes or transferred 166 50 63 47 41 32 16 ! 415 from other districts during 1933 1 Totals .. .. 232 119 239 223 205 167 124 102 1,411 Removed from homes — By parents or guardians .. 21 19 53 46 47 29 29 16 260 Deaths . . .. . . . . .. 1 . . 1 . . .. . . 2 Adopted without premium .. 11 15 19 14 1111 6 1 88 In homes to which exemption 1 6 5 1 2 1 .. 16 was granted during 1933 Brought under operation of 38412531 27 Child Welfare Act during 1933 Written off books during 1933 2 4 5 7 4 4 6 63 95 for various other reasons Total withdrawals .. 38 52 87 69 67 50 44 81 488 On the books at 31st December, 1933 90 69 132 144 145 136 117 90 923

E.—4.

Adoptions. By an arrangement with the Department of Justice, applications for adoptions are investigated by Child Welfare Officers before being dealt with by Magistrates. During the year 295 children were adopted (17 of these being State wards), and in 14 of these cases premiums were approved by the Courts. Of the total number of children adopted, 38 were under the age of six months, 40 between the age of six and twelve months, 111 between the age of one and five years, 65 between the age of live and ten years, and 41 between the age of ten and fifteen years. Children in Residence in Private Orphanages. The following table shows the number of orphanages and admissions to such orphanages during the year

Table 3.

During the year advice was received that four Homes were temporarily closed. The particulars regarding parentage were not available in all cases; but of 1,316 recorded cases, 226 children had no parents, 331 had only mother living, and 759 had only father living.

Table 4.—Status of Children and Young Persons under the Guardianship of the Superintendent at 31st March, 1934.

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£ Admissions during 1933. Deaths during 1933. In the Orphanages at 31st o December, 1933. u — : ( — Denomination. -g § J- § m Jj § S m m <j? ® m Ji § ° « «,8 it n i* is ii 11 t* y ii 11 I| ii && go ,»§i a êi gs Anglican .. .. 20 7 7 34 163 16 13 70 658 Roman Catholic .. 12 31 11 91 402 .. 2 3 10 15 152 769 Salvation Army .. ! 16 470 .. 32 538 11 . . . . 11 55 14 54 444 Presbyterian . . 18 j . . 27 103 1 .. .. 34 364 Methodist .. .. 5 ; .. .. 14 54 1 .. .. 12 197 Plymouth Brethren .. 1 . . .. 1 1 1 .. ] .. 1 23 Baptist .. .. 1 .. .. 5 8 ! .. 17 64 Masonic .. .. 1 5 .. . . 10 Interdenominational 15 15 10 276 707 ... . 1 1 3 j 1 39 300 Totals.. 'J Ii 89 523 28 480 1,981 11 3 18 84 43 379 2,829

[ " ! I Status. 1 Boys. Girls. | Totals. r i In residence .. .. .. .. .. 133 118 251 Boarded out .. .. .. .. ... 1,222 914 2,136 At service .. .. .. .. .. 550 287 837 With friends .. .. .. . 300 245 545 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. . . 10 5 15 In refuges or cognate institutions .. .. . . .. 45 45 In orphanages .. .. . . .. .. 44 22 66 Absent without leave .. .. .. .. 17 4 21 Y.M.C.A. Hostel, Auckland .. .. .. 15 15 In colleges .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 5 In Girls' Hostel, Wellington .. .. . . .. 7 7 In residence, Roman Catholic schools ... 34 49 83 In schools for mentally backward ,. .. . . 178 61 239 In School for Deaf, Sumner .. .. .. 2 5 7 In mental hospitals . . .. .. . . 1 1 5 Totals .. .. .. .. 2,509 1,768 I 4,277

E— 4.

The following table shows the admissions according to age :—

Table 5.—Committals and Admissions during the Year ended 31st March, 1934.

# Table 6 below stows the admissions classified according to the causes of admission. Of the total number (476) 154 were indigent, 117 not under proper control, 73 charged with punishable offences, 22 delinquent, 53 living in detrimental environments, and 4 neglected. Of the number admitted under these headings (423), 323 were placed out in the community before the 31st March, 1934.

Table 6. —Committals and Admissions during the Year ended 31st March, 1934, classified according to Causes of Admission.

Table 7. —Children before the Courts during the Year ended 31st March, 1934, and placed under the Supervision of Child Welfare Officers.

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I I I Boys. ! Girls. Totals. '• .H ' | I ' Under six months .. .. .. .. 18 22 40 Over six months and under one year . .. 16 7 23 One year to five years .. .. . .. 43 30 73 Five years to ten years .. .. .. . . 52 49 101 Ten years to fourteen years .. .. .. 76 45 121 Over fourteen years .. .. .. .. 68 50 118 Totals .. . . .. .. 273 203 476

Taken charge of as Boys. Girls. Totals. Indigent .. . . .. .. .. 91 63 151 Delinquent .. .. .. .. .. 19 3 22 Detrimental environment .. .. .. . . 20 33 53 Neglected .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 4 Not under proper control .. .. .. .. 55 62 117 Accused or guilty of punishable offence .. .. 59 1 14 73 Admission by private arrangement (section 12, Child Welfare Act) 2 4 6 Temporary arrangement .. .. .. .. 26 21 47 Totals .. .. .. .. 273 203 476

Boys. I Girls. Totals. 1 Charged with an offence .. .. .. .. 379 29 408 Delinquent . . .. .. . . .. . . 63 5 68 Not under proper control .. .. .. .. 48 24 72 In detrimental environment .. .. .. . . 8 12 20 Indigent circumstances .. .. .. .. 2 1 3 In neglected conditions . . .. .. .. 1 .. 1 Totals .. .. . . .. .. 501 71 572

Ē.--4.

Table 8.—Admissions classified according to Parents' Circumstances and Character

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(arranged in Families). Reasons for Admission of Children. § 53 ° i °£ -g bi 2 ° 02 S V & Pt % 2Father described as Mother described as -g g ®H-£*3r®o-§fiS)-ft, 3 o — a u S ° <o s JS op g< <D ce§ a> "£ » oq cS cS 3 -9 a» 1 a -1 § 3 tS O £ £ §0 g a<l H A .1 «= §3 lis* S ° §9 "S ® £ ojs a-g > ft h i _ — ( f Good .. 14 12 .. | 4 25 38 19 112 Questionable .. 6 2 . . 1 6 . . .. 15 Bad .. .. 2 1 1 .. 4 n A | Dead .. .. 4 1 .. 2 4 2 .. 13 Good ••' •' i Deserter .. .. 1 1 .. .. 2 Mentally unfit .. 1 2 3 Physically unfit .. 1 . . 1 Character unknown 1 . . . . 1 f Good .. .. 7 1 2 2 4 1 17 Questionable .. 9 1 7 7 3 1 28 n w Dead . . .. 2 1 1 4 2 . . 10 Questionable .. =j Deserter 2 .. I 3 Mentally unfit 2 .. . . 2 Character unknown .. . . 2 . . 2 f Good .. .. 4 .. 1 2 4 1 12 t, i J Questionable .. 1 .. .. 2 2 1 .. 6 ma *' '' ] Bad .. .. 2 1 2 1 1 2 9 [_ Character unknown 1 . . 1 > Good .. .. 2 1 3 2 8 Questionable .. .. 1 .. 1 1 1 .. 4 Bad .. .. 1 .. 1 Dead .. .. <| Dead .. .. 6 1 2 2 4 15 Mentally unfit 1 1 1 3 Physically unfit 1 .. . . 1 Character unknown 1 .. .. 1 , r Good .. .. 1 .. .... 1 1 .. 3 eser er .. \ Character unknown . . 1 . . 1 Mentally unfit .. j Sally unfit !! " " ] 'l " " 'l 2 > Good .. .. 14 1 1 16 Questionable .. 14 .. .. 1 2 1 . . 18 Bad . . 1 1 Character unknown .. <j Mentally unfit 3 " !! 1 " 1 5 Physically unfit .. 1 .. 1 Deserter .. 1 .. 1 Character unknown .. 3 2 5 f Good .. .. 4 4 T , , J Questionable .. 5 .. .. 1 1 .. .. 7 Identity uhkiiowīi .. Dgcid 1 1 Character unknown .. 1 .. 1 Totals .. .. 112 21 3 28 72 68 39 343 Families whose Parent or Parents were addicted to Drink. f Good 2 .. .. 2 Addicted to drink 1 .. .. 1 2 Father addicted to drink Questionable 1 .. 1 1 .. 3 Deserter .. 1 .. .. 1 Dead .. 1 1 Bad .. .. Addicted to drink 1 . . .. 1 Totals .. .. .... 1 2 5 1 j 1 *10 * Note.—These ten families represented twenty-eight children. In twenty families committed, representing twenty-six children, the parents were living apart.

E.-4.

Table 9. —Admissions classified according to Religious Beliefs.

The records show that of this total 141, or 29-62 per cent., were known to be illegitimate. The children admitted were from the following districts : Auckland (73), Wellington (68), Christchurch (91), Hamilton (29), Nelson (28), Dunedin (22), Invercargill (15), Wanganui (13), Napier (10), New Plymouth (10), Dannevirke (9), Blenheim (9), Taumaiunui (7), Gisborne (6), Rotorua (5), Pukekohe (5), Whakatane (5), Greymouth (5), Timaru (5), Houhora (4), Ohura (4), Waimate (4), Palmerston North (3), Levin (3), Feilding (3), Hastings (3), Otahuhu (3); two each from the following places —Hawera, Whangarei, Lower Hutt, Dargaville, Akaroa, and Milton; one each from the following places —Te Puke, Onehunga, Eltham, Maungaturoto, Wairoa, Baetihi, Kaikohe, Waipiro Bay, Thames, Kaitaia, Te Awamutu, Cambridge, Otaki, Petone, Masterton, Matamata, Ashburton, Oamaru, Kaiapoi, Winton, Naseby, and Rangiora. 287 , from the North Island ; 189 from the South Island : total, 476.

Table 10—Inmates discharged from Control during the Year ended 31st March, 1934.

Table 11.—Institutions for Backward Children: Numbers at 31st March, 1934.

ILLEGITIMACY. By an arrangement with the Registrar-General all illegitimate births are notified to Child Welfare Officers, who investigate all cases and seek to advise and assist parents where possible.

Table 12.—Particulars of Expenditure for Year ended 31st March, 1934.

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2 . ' l>> d ■+= Sh a .So rj _C! -5 -Cl J2 S OS __ ii 3 J g* 51 1 . oO a J 3 J §° !> 1 o g -s §fS 1 -jdg & so £ 1 ™ =s £ PH O <! £ SP3qpm Wo H EH Number .. .. 233 97 77 24 22 9 5 4 2 1 1 1 476 Percentage .. .. 48-9320-3816-18 5-04 4-63 1-9 1-05 0-84 0-42 0-21 0-21 0-21100-0

Boys. Girls. Totals. Discharged (section 23, Child Welfare Act) .. .. 224 ] 41 365 Attained the age of twenty-one years ., . . 13 ] g 32 Adopted .. .. .. .. .. 7 7 24 Written ofl books .. . . . . .. 42 49 91 Died .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 2 6 Married .. .. .. . . . . .. 29 29 Totals • 290 236 526

Richmond Otekaike _ , (Girls). (Boys). Totals. In residence .. .. .. . . .. 60 178 238 On vacation . . .. .. . . . . , _ 2 2 Day pupils .. . . ., .. _ _ \ In hospital .. .. .. ., .. ., 3 3 Totals v • ■ .. 61 183 I 244

-^ em * Otekaike. j Richmond. ! Total. £ £ £ Salaries •• •• 5,730 1,733 7,463 Advertising .. ,. .. ., , . ] 4 9 23 Maintenance of buildings . . . . .. . . 128 529 657 Maintenance of institutions . . .. ... 4,092 L 567 5 659 Contingencies .. .. . , .. . . 3 ' '3 _ ... 13,805 Ira veiling-expenses . . . . . . , . , 350 Less— ! 14,155 Board of staff . . , . .. . . 907 240 1?207~ Recoveries (parental contributions and revenue from farm, sale of articles manufactured, &c.) .. 1,585 2,792 v £11.363

E— 4.

School for Deaf, Sumner. The number of children in residence at Sumner at 31st March, 1934, was 48 boys and 57 girls ; in addition there were 11 day pupils (10 boys, 1 girl) ; 13 pupils left and 9 were admitted during the year. Table 13.—Expenditure on School for the Deaf, Sumner, for Period ended 31st March, 1934. £ £ Salaries .. .. .. > • • • • • ■ • .. 5,050 Advertising, &c. .. . • ■ • • • ■ • • • • • Maintenance of pupils and sundry expenses .. .. . . • • 1, 893 Travelling-expenses .. . ■ • • • ■ • • • • 297 Maintenance of buildings, furnishings, &c. .. .. .. • • 71 7,321 Less — Parental contributions and amount received from Hospital and Charitable Aid Board .. .. •• •• •• 2,081 Board of staff .. . . . ■ • • • • • ■ • • Miscellaneous .. .. • ■ • • • • • • • • 26 2,512 £4,809 Net expenditure for year ended 31st March, 1933, was £4,393 lis. Bd. Table 14. £ Net expenditure on upkeep of child-welfare institutions .. .. .. 11,872 New buildings .. .. ■ • • • Salaries of staffs of homes, Child Welfare Officers, visiting nurses, &c. .. .. 25,693 Boarding-out of children — £ Payments to foster-parents .. .. •• •• 75,481 Payments to Postal Department as commission .. .. .. 698 Issues of clothing, &e. — £ From institutions .. .. • • • • • ■ 644 From central and branch stores .. .. . ■ 1,222 1,866 Medicine, medical attendance, dentistry, clothing, &c. .. .. 2,954 80,999 Inmates at service— Issues of clothing, &c.— £ From institutions . . .. • • • • • • 1 > 058 From central and branch stores .. .. . • 782 1,840 Miscellaneous payments (clothing, medicine, &c.) .. .. 3,355 -—- ——• 5 5 195 Refund of maintenance payments .. .. • • • • • • • ■ Refund of inmates' earnings .. • • • • • • • • • • 698 Rent, office requisites, &c. .. .. • • ■ • ■ • • • .. 1,966 Maintenance of inmates in private institutions .. .. .. .. 4,300 O Travelling-expenses . . . ■ • • • ■ • • • • ° > * 00 Wages, of inmates .. •• •• •• •• •• •• 219 Legal expenses .. . ■ ■ • • • • • ■ • • • • • 20 Transfer and removal expenses . . .. • ■ ■ ■ • • • • 47 Contingencies .. .. • ■ • ■ • ■ • • .... 134,619* Less recoveries— £ Board of staff .. •• •• •• 2,274 Parents and others .. •• •• •• •• 13,777 Sale of farm-produce . . .. • • • • • ■ • ■ 1,759 Inmates'earnings for clothing, &c. .. .. •• 3,999 Miscellaneous .. •• •• •• 1,871 23,680 £110,939

* Expenditure £134,412, plus £207 (decrease in stocks).

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