COOK AND OTHER ISLANDS. [In continuation of Parliamentary Paper A.-3, 1929.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1930 Session I, A-03

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1930. NEW ZEALAND.

COOK AND OTHER ISLANDS. [In continuation of Parliamentary Paper A.-3, 1929.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

MEMORANDUM. Cook Islands Department, Wellington, 30th June, 1930. I submit the annual report of the Cook Islands and Niue Administrations for the year ended 31st March, 1930, which discloses a satisfactory condition generally throughout the Group. The Rarotongan Treasury shows an excess of revenue over expenditure amounting to £1,287 7s. 7d., and the Niue Treasury an excess of £2,203 4s. Bd. The Cook Group is a particularly difficult one to finance. The Territory consists of fourteen islands scattered over a very wide area (850,000 square miles). The northern Group'has little communication with the outer world, and is practically non-revenue-producing, while each island requires separate staffing and other administrative expenditure. Even in the absence of devastating droughts or hurricanes it is difficult for the Territory to produce revenue for its ordinary expenditure, and it is only by a severe curtailment in every direction, by the postponement of many necessary works during the past two years, that a satisfactory balancesheet has been produced. Such services as education, medical, water-supply, consumptive sanatorium, removal of leper patients for treatment, to Makogai, roads and bridges, schoolhouses, &c., have necessarily had to be curtailed or held in abeyance awaiting more prosperous times. Although during the year the trade of the island has been well maintained, a very heavy slump in the principal export (copra) has been operating for some time, and must have a serious effect on the finances of the coming year, and no extraordinary expenditure will therefore be undertaken. The health of the people has been good, and the Medical Officers have traversed practically the whole of the Group, an undertaking of some magnitude with only three Medical Officers. A most pleasing and satisfactory feature of the report is the uniform increase throughout the whole of the Territory of births over deaths of the Native peoples. All islands at which the New Zealand fruit-steamer calls have now been connected up with wireless, and the more northerly islands will also be joined up as circumstances permit. There has been no serious crime in the Group, and the small police services have been practically self-supporting. Throughout the year the m.v. " Maui Pomare " has carried out a satisfactory fruit trade with the islands. She has given to Niue the first regular service that island has had, and has opened up a banana trade which the Native people have been eager to exploit. The vessel has also been the means of creating a valuable banana trade with Samoa. During the year a parliamentary Committee investigated the affairs of this vessel and reported that, in the absence of private shipping, the provision of the Government vessel to carry out the present service was justified. The service, however, is very severely handicapped by the number of New Zealand ports of call, which imposes a heavy burden both financially and in the additional time occupied. As I advised in last year's annual report, a reduction of the service to one North and one South Island port would assist materially both the island fruit trade and the service being carried on by the vessel. Owing to the necessity of reducing expenditure this year, the report is considerably abbreviated, and much interesting matter well worthy of record has been omitted. A. T. Ngata, Minister for the Cook Islands.

I—A53.

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SHIPPING SERVICE: M.V. "MAUI POMARE." Despite the troubles and difficulties experienced in this new trade the performance of the " Maui Pomare " over the year has demonstrated that she is capable of giving good and useful service in the carriage of fruit from the islands to New Zealand, and justifies the opinion of the Technical Advisory Committee as set out in Parliamentary Paper A.-3, 1929. The disabilities and obscure and doubtful features " referred to by the Committee were given a good deal of attention during the year. Some have been overcome and defects remedied, but certain inherent weaknesses in design remain. Since the extensive overhaul given the vessel's engines in June last she has maintained her scheduled itinerary without interruption. She completed seven trips to Norfolk Island and a similar number to Niue and Samoa during the year. During the year the vessel has carried 4,451 tons of cargo between New Zealand and Samoa, 2,329 tons of cargo between New Zealand and Niue, 940 tons of cargo between New Zealand and Norfolk, and 47,000 superficial feet of timber. Included in the above were 70,894 cases of fruit, of which only J per cent, were lost; the balance of the shipments were landed in first-class condition. Although intended as a cargo-vessel only, the demand for passages for officials and by pleasureseekers has been such that the very limited accommodation provided has been taxed to its utmost, no less than 771 passengers having been carried during the year. Samoa.—A valuable fruit trade with Samoa has been made possible, and has no doubt assisted the Territory during the present depression in the main (copra) industry. The Administrator of Samoa, under date 27th May last, wrote as follows : " The banana trade is a most valuable one to Samoa, and can be made more so. Its cessation would cause great loss, both monetary and otherwise, to Samoa, and indirectly to New Zealand." Niue. —The Niue trade has been given a considerable impetus, and, with the exception of two abnormal years, shows a record. A valuable banana trade with New Zealand has also been made possible, and is eagerly exploited by the Niue people. Norfolk. —A regular service with Norfolk was carried out throughout the year, and, though showing good promise, was abandoned to give a full-time service with our own Territories. Considerable work was done on the vessel during the year by way of alterations, repairs, and additional fittings, which has placed a considerable burden on the year's accounts. Further extraordinary expenditure, apart from the engines (i.e., repatriation and hospital expenses of the Native staff, &c.), has also been a necessary expenditure. Government exigencies require the vessel to work four New Zealand ports, which add heavily to the cost of this service as against a connection with one or two New Zealand ports only. Provided a reasonable number of New Zealand ports of call could be arranged, the financial position could be put on a satisfactory footing. For the year ended 31st March, 1930, the Revenue and. Expenditure Account shows an actual loss of £4,961 18s. 2d., against an anticipated loss of £6,261 as budgeted for. Actual figures were — Estimated. Actual. Expenditure .. .. .. .. .. 33,261 30,091 19 9 Revenue .. .. .. .. .. 27,000 25,130 1 7 The fall in revenue was due to the necessity of laying the vessel up for several weeks at the beginning of the year owing to the serious outbreak of influenza among the Native crew above referred to, and again from the 9th May to the 20th June for the purpose of placing the ship under an extensive overhaul to remedy certain structural defects in machinery, such periods being, of course, non-revenue-producing. Nothing has been left undone in the past to keep the vessel running satisfactorily, and the assistance of the Technical Advisory Committee has been invaluable. It is quite safe to state that without this assistance the service could not have been carried on.

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REPORT OF COOK ISLANDS ADMINISTRATION. RAROTONGA. FINANCE. The financial year commenced with, a credit of £3,972 17s. 9d. Revenue for the year amounted to £19,107 55., and the expenditure totalled £17,819 17s. sd. The financial year closed on the 31st March, 1930, with a credit balance of £5,260 ss. 4d. Statement op Revenue and Expenditure for the Year ended 31st March, 1930. Revenue. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Balance as at Ist April, 1929 .. .. 3,972 17 9 Aitutaki salaries .. .. .. 686 10 0 Ammunition .. .. .. 23 9 5 Atiu salaries .. . . .. 139 10 3 Aitutaki Wharf .. .. .. 3 7 7 Audit, fees .. .. .. .. 257 18 10 Benzine .. .. .. . . 612 9 Agricultural classes . . . . .. 25 0 0 Copra export duties .. .. .. 2,253 19 10 Contingencies .. .. .. 1,364 7 8 Customs duties .. .. .. 11,960 14 2 Courts .. .. .. .. 750 611 Cinema licenses .. .. .. 15 0 0 Dental Department . . .. . . 273 9 8 Diving licenses .. .. .. 20 0 0 Education .. .. .. .. 612 16 11 Dog-tax .. . . . . .. 115 10 0 Experimental farm . . . . .. 380 16 0 Education, Northern Group .. .. 86 16 1 Freezer .. .. .. .. 42 6 5 Film censorship fees .. .. .. 20 19 7 Fruit-inspection .. .. .. 140 5 3 High Court fees and fines .. .. 1,358 0 6 Furniture .. . . . . .. 122 0 9 Hall license .. .. .. .. 9 0 0 Government buildings .. .. 745 7 0 Liquor .. .. .. .. 156 18 7 Hospital and Medical De- £ s. d. Marriage fees .. .. .. 31 3 0 partment .. .. 2,977 13 3 Motor fees .. .. .. .. 184 0 0 Less grant from New ZeaNative Land Court fees .. .. 94 3 9 land .. .. 1,000 0 0 Passport fees .. .. .. 29 2 0 1,977 13 3 Post-office box rents .. .. .. 7 4 0 Hotel, Rarotonga .. .. .. 169 6 6 Printing .. .. .. .. 18 8 Lepers .. .. .. .. 81 5 4 Rents .. .. .. .. 295 17 8 Lunatics .. .. .. .. 381 9 4 Road rates .. .. .. .. 93 3 6 Mail subsidy .. . . .. 10 0 0 Shipping lees .. .. .. 317 0 Mangaia—Salaries .. .. .. 230 0 0 Stamp sales .. .. . . .. 959 510 Manihiki and Rakahanga—Salaries .. 253 15 0 Stock, Public Works Department .. 17 911 Mauke —Salaries .. .. .. 634 17 5 Telephones .. .. .. .. 22 17 8 Mitiaro —Salaries .. .. .. 85 10 0 Trading licenses .. .. .. 831 5 0 Mauke Wireless Capital Account .. 205 2 8 Water rates .. .. .. .. 445 12 0 Mangaia Cargo-shed Construction Account 543 10 0 Wireless .. .. .. .. 60 6 6 Mauke Cargo-shed Extension Account .. 65 15 7 Penrhyn—Salaries .. .. .. 326 0 0 Police .. .. .. .. 1,106 1 5 Post-office .. .. .. .. 376 6 11 Prisoners .. .. . . .. 280 5 6 Public works .. .. .. 668 6 1 Pukapuka—Salaries .. .. .. 305 0 0 Resident Commissioner's Office .. 1,141 17 8 Roads, bridges, culverts, and foreshore .. 1,687 13 9 Subsidy, destruction flying-foxes and rats 99 0 7 Superannuation .. .. .. 191 0 1 Treasury and Customs .. .. 922 17 9 Trucks .. .. .. .. 353 2 0 Water expenses .. .. .. 183 4 11 Total expenditure .. .. 17,81917 5 Balance (particulars below) .. 5,260 5 4 £23,080 2 9 £23,080 2 9 Pabticulaes of Balance. £ s. d, Cash in hand .. .. .. .. .. .. 556 5 3 Cash in bank . . .. .. .. .. .. 488 15 3 Cash in hands of Resident Agents — £ s. d. Aitutaki .. .. .. .. ..243 Mauke .. .. . . .. ..985 Manihiki .. .. .. .. .. 3 15 0 15 7 8 1,060 8 2 Stocks on hand .. .. .. .. .. •• 2,449 14 5 3,510 2 7 £ s. d. Amounts due to C.I.A. .. .. .. 2,963 13 5 Less amounts due by C.I. A. .. .. 1,213 J O 8 1,750 2 9 Balance as above .. .. .. .. .. £5,260 5 4

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The attached table shows, for comparative purposes, revenue and expenditure since 1928 :— Revenue. Expenditure. £ s. d. £ s. d. Year ended 31st March, 1928 .. .. 18,997 13 6 17,488 7 6 1929 .. .. 20,313 6 2 17,993 10 10 1930 .. .. 19,107 5 0 17,819 17 5 Revenue this year was £1,206 Is. 2d. less than last, accounted for by the fact that stamp-sales were £1,303 less than for the previous year. The financial year commenced with a debt of £3,206 4s. 2d. due to the New Zealand Government, made up of Loan Account, £2,000, and Advances Account, £1,206 4s. 2d. The Loan Account has been repaid in full, and the Advances Account reduced by £846 18s. Bd., leaving the indebtedness at the 31st March only £359 ss. 6d. These reductions have only been possible by curtailing expenditure to an absolute minimum, and by the postponement of projects such as water-supply extensions, provision of filter-beds, electric lighting, consumptive sanatorium, &c., which must be undertaken sooner or later, but which must be held over until finances are in a better position, or until New Zealand is able to grant additional financial assistance for necessary undertakings. During the year the strictest economy was exercised in all Departments, but the Administration is committed to increasing activities in various directions, such as medical services, education, public works, superannuation, &c. During recent financial years, with a somewhat uncertain revenue, it has been a difficult matter to carry these on satisfactorily and at the same time reduce indebtedness to the Government incurred during " hurricane " times. The balance-sheet set out hereunder takes into account the value (after writing off £2,163 Is. sd. for depreciation) of all Administration assets throughout the Group as at the 31st March, 1930, and all liabilities, and shows an excess of assets amounting to £77,073 4s. sd. Balance-sheet as at 31st March, 1930. Liabilities. £ s. d. Assets. £ s. d. Accumulated funds .. .. .. 77,073 4 5 Land .. .. .. .. 9,785 5 0 Sundry creditors .. .. .. 1,213 10 8 Buildings .. .. .. .. 45,520 611 Waterworks, Rarotonga .. .. 4,559-14 3 Water-tanks, Outer Islands .. .. 1,562 18 4 Telephone system .. .. . . 821 7 3 Plant and tools .. .. . . 3,428 8 0 Office furniture and fittings .. . . 717 10 5 Furniture, household .. .. .. 3,960 7 0 Boats .. .. .. . . 394 14 3 Motor-vehicles .. .. .. 1,062 7 8 Stocks on hand .. .. .. 2,44!) 14 5 Sundry debtors .. .. .. 2,963 13 5 Cash in hand, Resident Agents .. 15 7 8 Cash in bank .. .. .. 488 15 3 Cash in hand .. .. .. 556 5 3 £78,286 15 1 £78,286 15 1 TRADE. For the year ended 31st December, 1929, the value of exports was £124,486, and of imports £106,835, showing an excess of exports of £17,651. For the previous year the figures were —Exports, £133,051 ; and imports, £117,639. During the year 106,187 cases of oranges and other citrus fruits, 51,026 cases of bananas, and 52,685 cases of tomatoes were exported to New Zealand. The export of copra from all islands of the Grouj) was 2,020 tons. The following comparative table shows the exports of our main products for the last six years : — 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927. 1928. 1929. Citrus fruits (cases) .. 177,396 94,773 169,668 123,021 142,315 106,187 Bananas (cases).. .. 78,453 85,451 30,766 45,470 47,410 51,026 Tomatoes (cases) .. 25,4-38 61,064 72,087 41,080 51,955 52,685 Copra (tons) .. .. 2,250 2,440 1,245 1,676 1,770 2,020 Copra. —Copra-prices have continued to steadily decline throughout the year, and although the export for the present year increased by 250 tons over the previous year the exportable value of copra from the Cook Islands decreased by £4,423, due to the drop in prices mentioned. As copra forms a very important part of the exports of the Cook Group, the present situation in regard to prices is rather alarming, and will seriously affect the finances of the Group during the coming year. Oranges. —The orange crops in Rarotonga and Aitut.aki were small last season, which accounts for the large decrease in export. Shipping. —As the mail contract with the Union Steamship Co. was extended for a further year, consideration of the representations made, as mentioned in last report, for more favourable conditions in regard to freight and lighterage charges and passenger fares, has been deferred. For details of imports and exports for the year, together with a summary for the past fifteen years, see Appendix A, page 24.

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MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT. Apart from a mild epidemic of whooping-cough, confined to Rarotonga, general health conditions throughout the Cook Group have remained satisfactory during the year under review. The outlying islands of the Group have been visited wherever possible, and a Medical Officer has spent some time on each. This was possible by Dr. P. H. Buck (of the Bishop Museum) voluntarily assisting in the medical work of the Group during the time he was stationed in various islands oil behalf of the Bishop Museum. The resident nurses at Mangaia and Aitutaki have carried out a very considerable amount of work at the respective dispensaries. Dr. Brass, Assistant Medical Officer, was returned temporarily to New Zealand in January on account of ill health, and his enforced absence has presented a difficult problem in attending during the year to the medical needs of the widely-dispersed territory. Promising reports continue to be received on the two Native medical students attending the Suva Medical School, and when these lads are available for duty the- position in the outlying islands will be considerably relieved. The principal diseases continue to be tuberculosis, filariasis, gonorrhoea, and hookworm, and six new cases of leprosy have manifested themselves since the Territory was cleared of all leper patients some two years ago. Yaws are rapidly disappearing under systematic treatment. The dental condition of the islanders, especially in the Northern Group, is not satisfactory, but the cost of providing a Dental Officer and the difficulty of transport make a systematic undertaking of this work almost an impossibility. Vital Statistics. The following table shows the births and deaths in each island of the Croup for the year :—

Of the deaths recorded 69 were under the age of one year, as compared with 52 last year. Of these 69 deaths 24 occurred in Rarotonga, whooping-cough being responsible for the larger number. Annexed hereto is a table showing deaths at different ages during the year : —

Births. Deaths. Marriages. Name of Island. European. Native. European. Native. Year ending. —— European. Native. , M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. I I Rarotonga .. .. 1 86 ! 75 2 2 49 30 .. 23 31/3/30. Aitutaki .. 29 25 .... 23 16 .. 14 19/12/29. Mangaia .. 28 32 .... 32 39 .. 10 19/9/29. A tiu .. 22 14 1 15 11 .. 9 19/9/29. Mauke .. 12 4 .. .. 12 8 .. 6 13/11/29. Mitiaro .. 5 4 .. .. 1 3 .. 2 25/11/29. Manihiki .. 4 6.... 7 5 .. 3 15/8/29. Rakahanga .. 10 8 1 1 . . 6 12/5/29. Penrhyn .. 5 2.... 2 5 .. 2 15/5/29. Pukapuka .. 16 10 11 9 .. 5 22/10/29. Totals .. 1 .. 217; 180 3 2 153 127 .. 80 I I Total births, 398 ; total deaths, 285.

I i " I : Under 1 Year. | Under 5 Years. Under 10 Years. Under 15 Years, j Under 20 Years. Over 20 Years. Total. Islands. I y ? —r ; r— ! M. j F. j M. | F. M. F. M. I F. j M. | F. M. F. j M. j F. ; . Rarotonga 14 10 4 3 3 1 2 1 .. 27 18 51 32 Aitutaki .. 5 4 I 2 1 .. 3 2 1 13 7 23 16 Mangaia 6 9 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 22 21 32 39 Atiu .. .. 3 1 2 1 1 ! .. 2 11 6 16 11 Mauke .. 1 2 .. 1 1 1 .. 1 1 10 2 12 8 Mitiaro .. 1 2 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 3 Manihiki .. 1 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 5 3 7 5 Rakahanga .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Penrhyn .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 2 5 Pukapuka .. 3 2 I 2 1 .. .. .. 2 .. 4 5 11 9 Palmerston .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .... Totals 36 33 8 11 8 3 . 7 7 5 8 92 67 156 129

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Migration. The following returns show the migration to and from Rarotonga from the Ist April, 1929, to the 31st March, 1930 :— Arrivals.—Europeans : Adults—74 males, 62 females ; children—lo males, 8 females. Natives : Adults—47 males, 60 females ; children —13 males, 25 females. Departures.—Europeans : Adults—7B males, 65 females ; children—l 4 males, 7 females. Natives : Adults—3l males, 30 females ; children—ls males, 7 females. Cook Islands Hospital. The following table shows the number and nature of cases admitted to the hospital during the year : — Alimentary system — I Skin and subcutaneous tissues — Constipation . . . . . . .. 1 Burns .. .. . . 1 Gastro-enteritis .. . . . . 2 Ulcer .. . . .. 2 Enteritis .. . . .. .. 1 Genito-urinarv system- Supporting structuresOrchitis " 1 Abscess 23 Retention 6 Injuries (wounds) 10 Nephritis 2 Fracture 1 Cystitis .. .. .. 1 hernia .. . . . . 2 Abortion 4 Rursltls 1 Hydrocele .. .. .. 1 Special sense organs— Confinement .. . . .. .. 8 Iritis .. .. .. 2 Nervous system— Ophthalmia .. .. .. 1 Concussion . . . . . . . . 1 Insanity .. .. .. ..2 Infectious diseases— Respiratory system — Yaws .. .. . . 1 Bronchitis .. .. .. . . 2 Gonorrhoea .. .. . . .. 3 Ha:moptysis .. .. .. 1 Other causes .. . . .. 9 Phthisis . . . . .. 7 Pneumonia .. .. .. 2 Total .. .. .. 98 In addition to the cases admitted to hospital, the following are the figures for the year :— Attendances (Maori) at out-patients department . . . . 7,242 Visits paid to Maori patients in their homes .. . . .. . . 609 Maori confinements attended .. . . . . . . . . 28 Europeans—outpatient attendances and patients visited . . . . 580 European confinements attended .. . . .. . . . . 1 The cases above were due to the following causes : — Diseases of alimentary system . . . . .. . . 544 Diseases of circulatory system .. . . . . . . .. 102 Diseases of nervous system . . . . . . .. .. . . 35 Diseases of respiratory system . . . . . . . . .. 591 Special tropical diseases .. .. . . . . . . . . 29 Skin-diseases .. .. .. . . .. . . .. 276 Genito-urinary diseases .. . . .. .. .. . . 35 Women's diseases .. .. .. .. . . .. . . 109 Eye, ear, nose, and throat diseases . . .. .. .. .. 91 Other causes, including fevers . . .. .. . . .. 352 2,164 There were eleven major operations performed in hospital during the year and twenty-four minor operations ; also many minor operations with local anaesthesia at the out-patients department. One post-mortem examination was made by order of the Coroner. Special accommodation for tubercular cases is still required, particularly as it would tend to check the spread of infection which occurs at present on account of the patient living at home. In many cases special accommodation at home has been provided which is not satisfactory. Dental Clinic. The number of patients totalled 898, and the attendances were 1,503. The following operations were performed : Fillings, 1,347 ; extractions, 665 ; cleaning and scaling, 1,022 ; miscellaneous, 961 ; making a total of 3,995. Arrangements are being made for the dental nurse to visit some of the Group islands during the coming year.

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EDUCATION. Steady progress in educational matters is being maintained, and the syllabus as laid down in 1927 has been followed generally. The policy of training Native teachers in the Training School at Rarotonga (established three years ago) is already showing results. Native graduates from the school are now taking their places on the stalls of the various schools, and eventually the difficulty experienced in the past of staffing some of the outlying schools should be overcome. A special class was established during the year at the Normal school (Avarua) to enable the most promising pupils from all Cook Islands schools to reach proficiency standard without the necessity of coming to New Zealand. Pupils are already attending from seven different islands—viz., Rarotonga, Aitutaki, Atiu, Mangaia, Mitiaro, Rakahanga, and Pukapuka. From this class the most promising pupils will be drafted to the Training College for teachers, and a very limited number of scholarships will be granted the outstanding pupils to enable them to proceed to New Zealand to take up special courses of study, which will fit them for appropriate positions in the Cook Islands Public Service. Classes in agriculture were conducted by the Director of Agriculture for Native teachers, students, and senior pupils, and a good deal of supervision of the class-work and tuition outside the ordinary school hours was conducted for the benefit of the Native teachers by headmasters and the Acting Superintendent. There are eighteen schools under the control of the Administration, with a teaching staff of seventeen Europeans and thirty-seven Native assistants in the Lower Group, and ten Native teachers in the Northern Group. The average roll numbers are 1,720 in the Lower Group and 394 in the Northern Islands. During the year the Senior Inspector of Native Schools in New Zealand (Mr. John Porteous, M.A.) visited all schools in the Lower Group with the exception of Mangaia and Mitiaro, with which islands there was no suitable sea communication. Four issues of the local School Journal were prepared and published, and have provided, useful reading-matter, of which it is difficult to obtain a suitable supply. Competitions for the Vernon Reed Shield and Pomare Medals were held. Dental treatment was continued in the Rarotonga schools, and will be extended to some of the Group Islands next year. PUBLIC WORKS. The maintenance of roads is always a heavy item, the greatest expense being the continual replacement of the coral and gravel surfaces necessary on account of the frequent heavy rains, and the pulverizing effect of heavy traffic. The great increase of motor traffic in recent years has necessitated considerable expenditure in the easing of corners and widening of roads, and the replacing with stronger structures the larger wooden bridges—most of which were built thirty years ago for light wagon traffic —and the small bridges with reinforced-concrete culverts. The time is due for systematically attacking the roads problem, and it is hoped to have this matter thoroughly investigated during the coming year. Much remains to be done in opening up the tapere and valley roads, which are of great importance, as they tap the best fruitgrowing areas. The present method of transport from these localities by packing-horses is unsatisfactory, and no doubt is a contributory cause of loss of fruit shipments arriving in New Zealand. The following is a summary of the main items of work performed : — Roads. —Main road built up and widened four miles ; Tukuvaine tapere roacl considerably improved by re-forming in parts and facing with gravel, and reinforced culverts built. In conjunction with the Au Vaine, much good work has been done on the tapere roads. Bridges.—New bridge, 30 ft. wide, with concrete reinforced piles, at Papua ; reinforced-concrete formations, new stringers and decking at Turoa ; new stringers and decking, small bridge at Ngatangiia ; reinforced-concrete culvert on Mission Road ; concrete formations repaired at Rutaki ; concrete pipe culvert (3 ft. drain) on the Ara Metua. Foreshore.—Building up road and placing reinforced-concrete posts, Avarua. (Protective work will require to be undertaken at Avarua Wharf at an early date owing to heavy storm damage during the year.) Water-supplies. —The Arorangi water-main was extended, and extensions in Avarua district will be proceeded with when funds are available. Erection of filter-beds for the main source of supply for Avarua is very desirable, but the estimated cost (£2,500) cannot be met at present. The mains at Ngatangiia and Arorangi require removing from the creek-beds in which they are laid, but this also will be a difficult undertaking with the present financial position. Government Buildings.—Twenty-one Administration buildings were painted, and repairs have received considerable attention and have occasioned much work, particularly the wooden buildings. Wireless mast scraped and repainted, and considerable repairs effected to the out-masts and stays, &c. Electric-light scheme (prepared three years ago) is still held in abeyance until funds are available.

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AGRICULTURE AND FRUIT INDUSTRY. Ample crops for domestic food-supplies were planted throughout the Group. Owing principally to a very short orange crop in Rarotonga, the export of fruit for the year under review was below normal. No shipping provision having been made for the export of other than oranges from the outer islands, Rarotonga has provided the whole of the banana and tomato exports— viz., 103,711 cases, valued at £43,706. An industry of importance to the islands has now been commenced in Rarotonga, having for its object the preservation of pure orange-juice. Several thousand gallons were preserved during the year and found a ready market. New Zealand's total requirements could easily be supplied from the Cook Group, and the company (a local concern) will make a bid for this trade provided it can compete against foreign imports. The value of this industry to the Group lies in the fact that it will absorb a considerable portion of the surplus crop of oranges, for which no shipping has hitherto been provided. Lemon-juice and peel were also handled by the company, and experiments are being carried out with spices, &c. The Administration is co-operating with the company in growing experimental plots in the Government nursery. Small trial lots of annatto seed have been exported by the Administration to New Zealand, where there is a demand, principally for colouring cheese. Papain samples were forwarded to the Imperial Institute, London, for report. Paching-sheds. —The system of district packing-sheds inaugurated two years ago has operated smoothly, and is reflected in the great improvement in the packing of fruit coming forward to New Zealand. Great credit is due to the Native people who have carried out their promise to erect these sheds at their own expense. Most of the sheds have been freed from debt, and improvements are to be carried out during the coming year, such as concrete floors, &c. Improper packing, when detected, was punished by fines : thirty-four growers were dealt with in this manner. This proves an effective deterrent to bad packing. The outbreak of Mytilaspes scale reported last year, which seriously threatened the orange-trees of Aitutaki, has been completely checked by the importation of the chalcid wasp parasite. Packing demonstrations by European Inspectors were held at Atiu, Mauke, and Mangaia. Fruit exported from the outer islands suffered considerably last season on account of repeated bad weather during the call of the Union Steam Ship Co.'s cargo-vessel, and, combined with the system of carriage, resulted in heavy losses. Experimental Nursery. —The experimental work at the nursery has been actively carried out, and large numbers of cuttings, plants, and seeds have been distributed throughout the Group, including cow-peas, New Zealand passion-fruit, bamboo and suckers, Malabar chestnut, sea-grape, Hibiscus cuttings, bird-of-paradise plants, grafted mangoes, fan-palms, cashew-nut seedlings, Nephelium, Brazilian cherry, Avocado pear, Areca palms, Dracaena, Croton, and Escallonia cuttings, Excelsa coffee, kumara cuttings, citrus trees and seeds, tomato-seed, Manihot cuttings, Sapodilla, Poinciana regia, Caffra plums, cocoa, ironwood seedlings and seed, banana shoots, breadfruit, Carambolum, traveller's palms, Cocus ylumosa palms, rose-apple, Hawaiian passion-fruit, Indian laburnum. A large number of climbing flowering-plants, principally Bougainvillaea, Bignonia, and Jasminum, were distributed to the Au Vaine for planting at selected spots on the roadsides, under special care of members. These will soon be a noticeable feature on the main road around the island. Raffia and Pass seeds from Madagascar have germinated and are growing slowly. West African oil-palms are growing well but making slow progress. Ginger and turmeric are growing well and nearing maturity. Excelsa coffee was imported and plants distributed to growers. Soya beans and pimento were received from New Zealand, but failed to germinate. Chillies, Large Red and Japanese, and coriander were received from New Zealand, and are growing successfully. An experiment with Pabco Thermogen Mulch paper around young citrus fruit-trees has proved very successful in assisting in keeping down weeds and conserving moisture. The experiment will be extended to tomatoes next year. Noxious Weeds. —Over three hundred warning notices were issued during the year, and additional inspectors were temporarily engaged in assisting with the eradication of weeds. Australian burr (Xanthium strumarium) is now almost eradicated. Lantana (Lantana camera) has been checked to a great extent by the action of the insect Agromoyza lantane, a parasite that attacks the lantana-seeds. Elephant's foot (Elephantopus scaber) : The seed of this plant has spread rapidly. All known areas are watched carefully, and drastic action taken where it appears. Pitati mama (Clerodendron fragrans) is being gradually eradicated, but this is a difficult process on unploughable lands. High Court. In Rarotonga the total number of criminal offences, breaches of regulations and local Ordinances, was 1,120, very little serious crime having been committed. In addition to the above 117 civil cases were dealt with in Rarotonga. In the Lower Group and Northern Islands the Resident Agents, who are Commissioners of the High Court, with limited jurisdiction, held regular sittings throughout the year. Northern Group.—During the months of May and June, 1929, the Chief Judge, accompanied by the Registrar. and Surveyor, visited the Northern Islands of Rakahanga, Manihiki, and Penrhyn. At these islands, as practically no Land Court work has been done previously, the Court departed from the ordinary method of having surveys completed before the hearing of the case. The procedure adopted at the sitting at Rakahanga was first to go into the traditions regarding the first peopling of the islands. Genealogies were then taken, tracing from the ancestors down to the present day, and in this way it

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was possible to divide the people into their various tribes and subtribes. The different districts in the island were noted, and social organization and customs were inquired into. The coast-line of the motus comprising Rakahanga having been surveyed, a number of small blocks were surveyed off and titles investigated where the disputes were urgent. The coast-lines of Manihiki and Penrhyn have not yet been surveyed. The Court was also able to deal with adoption and succession cases, which had been accumulating for some time. Although it was not possible in the time at the Court's disposal to issue a large number of titles, yet the work carried out will materially assist in the settlement of many of the disputes which have arisen in the past. It was found that these disputes did not so much concern one tribe or subtribe as against other tribes or subtribes, but they were mostly in the nature of disputes between the members of families in regard to rights of ownership or occupation. It was found at Rakahanga that customs regarding planting and ownership of coconut-trees on the land differ from the customs in the Lower Group of islands. For example, it was found that a person might have the right to use certain trees on a piece of land without having any right in the land itself. This custom is called pakewa. Another custom is called wai, which is observed by each family who have children born to them. Oil the birth of a child it is usually the custom for the parents to plant one or more coconut-trees on the family lands, such trees so planted being regarded by the family as being specially reserved for the sole use of such child. The families in both Manihiki and Rakahanga spring from the same ancestors, so that in taking the genealogies for Rakahanga a considerable number of Manihiki tribes were covered also. Customs and social organization are also similar. Investigations disclosed that there are two Ariki families at Rakahanga and Manihiki, one being the Whainga-aitu, whose main tribes are the Ha-Hiro and Mokopu-wai; and the Whakaheo, whose main tribes are the Nu-matua and Tia-ngarotonga. Both lines spring from a common ancestor. During the time spent at Penrhyn a considerable amount of work was carried out on the same lines as at Rakahanga, and a large number of genealogies were collected and customs and social organization noted. It appears that one cause of a large number of disputes is the custom of adoption which prevails to a great extent among the people of the Northern Islands, and the Court will have some difficulty in adjusting the claims arising through this custom. Before further work is carried out in the Northern Islands (unless in cases of urgent dispute) surveys will have to be made defining the coast-lines of the various motus comprising each island, and the boundaries of the various districts laid off. When the Court sits it will be able, from the evidence already taken and any additional evidence required, to fit the various tribes and subtribes into their proper districts. It could then, from the genealogies in its possession, determine the rights of the various families, settle boundary disputes on survey, and issue titles accordingly. Lower Group. —During the year the Court also visited the islands of Mangaia, Aitutaki, Atiu, and Mauke, when various matters were disposed of. At Rarotonga short sittings were held during the year to dispose of several disputes, the most important being one concerning the old custom of atinga, payable to an Ariki in respect of lands held under him. As pointed out previously, owing to the duties of the Resident Commissioner and Chief Judge of both High Court and Native Land Court being combined, it is not possible to cope satisfactorily with arrears of Land Court work, although as much time as possible is devoted to it. POSTAL DEPARTMENT. Savings-bank.—For the year under review deposits amounted to £12,584 10s. 7d., and withdrawals to £11,491 14s. Bd., being an excess of deposits of £1,092 15s. lid. Interest accrued to depositors amounted to £869 17s. 2d., and interest accrued to this Administration from investment in New Zealand to £1,159 15s. 9d., leaving a balance in favour of the Administration of £289 18s. 7d. 149 new accounts were opened and 50 closed, against 201 opened and 48 closed in the previous year. On the 31st March, 1,074 accounts remained open, with a credit to depositors of £24,507 3s. 10d., of which £23,847 is invested in New Zealand. Money-orders. —1,220 orders were issued, representing £87 3s. 9d. for commission and £22,623 19s. sd. value of orders issued. 428 orders were paid, to the value of £13,106 lis. lid. The previous year 1,272 orders were issued, commission was £79 Bs. 6d., and amount of orders issued £17,552 os. 3d., whilst 418 were paid, amounting to £10,082 7s. 4d. The money-order and savings-bank sections of the offices at Atiu, Mangaia, and Mauke have been closed for varying periods during the hurricane season. Telephones.—The service continues to give satisfaction. All packing-sheds were connected with the exchange during the early part of the year. New poles have been procured from Australia to effect replacements. Radios. —£1,016 16s. lOfd. was received for forwarded radio traffic, a decrease of £52 ss. 4Jd. compared with the previous year. Mails.—A satisfactory service continued to be maintained with all offices in the Group. Wireless. The new radio-station at the Island of Mauke was opened in June, and has since maintained an efficient service. The operator is a Native who was educated at St. Stephen's College, Auckland, and afterwards trained in wireless work at Wellington and Rarotonga. (He has also been appointed teacher at the Mauke School.)

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Land for a station at Penrhyn (750 miles north of Rarotonga) has been acquired, and it is hoped that funds will permit the establishment of the station during the coming year. A station in the Northern group will be of considerable value for Administration and trade matters as well as to the public generally. The apparatus necessary to convert the parent station at Rarotonga to short-wave, and which will be used in conjunction with the present spark set, has been procured, and the work of installation is proceeding. When completed, Rarotonga will be able to get direct communication with New Zealand and other distant stations. In the past, Rarotongan traffic, both inward and outward, has been relayed through Samoa, at an extra cost of 6d. per word. During the year an efficient service has been maintained by the radio-stations in the Cook Group with all other stations concerned. An inspection of the sub-island stations at Aitutaki, Mangaia, Atiu, and Mauke was made in August, and the apparatus at all stations was found to be in good condition. All the islands in this Group at which the cargo-steamers call are now in wireless communication with Rarotonga. Two Native youths are being trained in telegraphy, during their own time, at RadioRarotonga. These lads, who are progressing satisfactorily, are being trained with a view to filling any possible vacancies occurring in the sub-island stations. Five radio receiving licenses were issued during the year. Unfortunately the majority of the inhabitants of these islands are as yet unaware of the excellent reception that is now possible from New Zealand, Australian, and American broadcasting stations, with the present type of commercial broadcast receiver, which requires no technical knowledge to operate. POLICE. The strength of the Rarotonga Police Force remains the same as last year—viz., one Inspector (European), one senior sergeant, one sergeant, and eight constables (Natives) ; total, eleven. In the outer islands of the Cook Group the Resident Agent on each island is in charge of the local police. The number of Native police stationed on each island is as follows : Mauke, one sergeant and three constables ; Aitutaki, one sergeant and five constables ; Atiu, four constables ; Mangaia, one sergeant and six constables ; Mitis.ro, three constables ; Penrhyn, four constables ; and Manihiki, five constables. The Native police are men well up to the average of intelligence and physique, with a reasonable working knowledge of the English language. They are well trained in elementary police duty, keen on their work, and loyal to the Administration. The conduct of all ranks during the year has been good, and efficiency appears to have been well maintained. The total amount of fines inflicted by the High Court in criminal cases was £1,212 10s. Of this amount, £987 6s. was collected by the police. All persons sentenced to imprisonment during the year served, or are serving, their sentences in the Rarotonga Gaol. Two persons of unsound mind (one a European) were sent to New Zealand for committal to the Mental Hospital at Avondale. The escort of the Native patient was satisfactorily carried out by a Native constable. Since the Ist April, 1929, cinematograph films to the number of 224 have been censored for exhibition within the Cook Islands. METEOROLOGICAL. The total rainfall at Avarua (Rarotonga) for the twelve months ended 31st March, 1930, was 90-92 in., the highest fall recorded for twenty-four hours being 7-03 in., on the 13th March. The highest reading of the Fahrenheit thermometer in the shade was 90°, on the Bth January, and the lowest 55°, on the 7th July. The mean of the maximum was 80-6°, and the mean of the minimum 67-B°. The lowest reading of the barometer was 29482 in., on the 31st March at 8 a.m. Daily observations are taken of weather conditions (including barometer, thermometer, wind, clouds, rain, &c.), and a monthly return is forwarded to the Director of the Meteorological Office at Wellington. Full weather reports are sent daily by radio to Apia for the purposes of the scheme of weather reports and storm warnings in the South Pacific Ocean. RESEARCH WORK. Ethnology. —Dr. P. H. Buck, Anthropologist to the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, who arrived in the Cook Group in February, 1929 (as mentioned in last report), continued his researches in ethnology and anthropology until February, 1930, when he left for New Zealand en route to Honolulu. During his stay of twelve months Dr. Buck carried out investigations in the islands of both the Lower and Northern Groups. There is no doubt that Dr. Buck's records, when published, will be a very valuable addition to New Zealand's knowledge of her island possessions, and provide the scientific detail from this locality that is necessary to the study of the Polynesian people as a whole. Botany. — Dr. Gerritt P. Wilder, also attached to the Bishop Museum, continued his botanical research work in Rarotonga and the Group Islands until the middle of August, when he returned to Honolulu. The results of Dr. Wilder's researches and discoveries in the Cook Islands will be published, and bis records, together with those of the late Mr. Cheeseman (published in the Transactions

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of the Linnean Society of London in May, 1903) will bring the knowledge of the flora of Rarotonga up to date. The scientific work carried out by both Dr. Buck and Dr. Wilder is being done without expense to the Administration or the New Zealand Government. OBITUARY. Mr. J. C. Cameron, who was Resident Agent at various islands in the Cook Group for the past twenty-seven years, died during the year at Wellington after an operation for a long-standing complaint. With his knowledge of the Natives and their language, and his natural aptitude to administer Native races, Mr. Cameron was a very successful official of the Cook Islands Administration. He was in charge at various times of the Islands of Aitutaki, Mangaia, Mauke, and Atiu. LOWER GROUP ISLANDS. AITUTAKI. Trade. —The orange crop was a fairly good one last season, and 22,271 cases were shipped to New Zealand. Although the Aitutaki bananas are of a splendid quality, there has been very little success in the past in their carriage to New Zealand. For the year 482 tons of copra were exported. Plantings. —The following is a return of plantings for the half year ended 30th September, 1929 : Arrowroot, 14,812 ; bananas, 5,216 ; yams, 24,307 ; kumaras, 7,370 ; tarotarua, 2,166 ; swamp-taro, 3,719 ; cabbages, 514 ; coconuts, 930 ; oranges, 377 ; pineapples, 981. Health. —The general health of the community was very fair, and the island nursing service is much appreciated. Vital Statistics. —There were fifty-four births, thirty-nine deaths, and fourteen marriages (all of Natives) for the year. Public Works. —The roads have been kept, in repair by the people. A mile and three-quarters of road in the Amuri district has been formed ready for metalling, and about a mile in the other districts is also ready for metal. A boat-passage two miles in length, from the wharf to the north end of Amuri, has been cleared of coral, and the coral has been blasted out of the passage in the outside reef off Amuri to facilitate cargo-handling. The main boat-passage from the wharf to the reef and to the open sea has been cleared of coral heads to allow the cargo-boats to work steamers at low tide. 450 yards of coral were removed from the passage and boated to the head of the wharf, and used to reclaim a piece of land which will help to protect the wharf, and will be available for boat-sheds. Cargo-sheds, Courthouse, Nurses' Home, and the Residency have been painted. All buildings have been kept in a good state of repair. Court and Police. —There has been an entire absence of any serious crime during the year. 256 cases were dealt with under the criminal jurisdiction, for the most part involving small offences, and twenty cases were heard on the civil side. The Native police officers have carried out their duties satisfactorily, and law and order have been well maintained. ATIU. Health.- —Health conditions have been fairly good throughout the year. Housing conditions are poor, owing to a number of the houses not having been reconstructed since the hurricane of 1914. Trade. —The copra output has been normal, but the orange crop was on the short side, only some 13,200 cases being shipped for the year. Vital Statistics.—There were thirty-six births, twenty-seven deaths, and nine marriages (all of Natives) during the year. Public Works. —Apart from a very small amount of prison labour used in maintenance of roads, public works at Atiu are carried out by voluntary community effort. A scheme to construct a road round the coast-line of the island from Taunganui to Oravaru has been put in hand, and this year over three miles of new road was completed. The new road will be an important one as it will give a much shorter access to the landing-place at Taunganui. Heavy rains in August considerably scoured the surface of the main road from Taunganui to the inland villages. This damage has been repaired and 176 tons of metal has been carted and placed on the road. Plantings. —The following shows planting returns for the half-year ended 30th September, 1929, which is ample for all domestic requirements : —Permanant plantings : Coconuts, 1,433 ; bananas, 1,488; oranges, 26 ; coffee, 85; breadfruit, 82 ; vanilla, 419. Food crops : Taro, 4,203 ; tarotarua, 1,995 ; yams, 2,150 ; kumaras, 2,316 ; arrowroot, 2,190.

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Courts and Police.—lso cases of a minor nature were set down for hearing for last year. The Native police officers have carried out their duties well, and have given considerable assistance in various directions to the Resident Agent. General.—One of the leading Arikis of Atiu, Ngamaru, died during the year, and Tuia Tera, sister of the deceased, succeeded to the title according to Native custom. MAUKE. Trade. —The orange crop was a good one, and 21,091 cases were exported during the season. 112 tons of copra were exported, while a further 50 tons await shipment. Courts and Police. —As usual, the people of Mauke have been law-abiding during the year, and only seventy cases for petty offences came before the Court. The Native Police Force have all worked well and assisted the Administration wherever possible. Vital Statistics.—Sixteen births, twenty deaths, and six marriages (all of Natives) were recorded during the year. Public Works. —A road 20 ft. wide has been constructed right round the island, a distance of about eight miles, and was opened to traffic early in the year. The whole of the work was done by voluntary labour, and involved the employment of 175 persons for thirty days each. This new road will be a great convenience in the transport of fruit to the main landing-place. Early in the year a new Avireless station was erected. This building is on concrete foundations, with roof of Poilite. It has been found necessary to increase the capacity of the cargo-shed, and for this purpose material has been sent to Mauke to provide for an extension of 30 ft. Plans are being prepared for a new 5,000-gallon concrete tank to be erected at the Village of Kimiangatau. The Residency has been painted throughout. Plantings.—For the half-year ended 30th September, 1929, there were 6,000 coconuts, about 4 acres kumaras, 1,000 taro, about 6 acres arrowroot, and 500 banana-shoots planted. General. —Mr. E. J. R. Dyer, who has been in the Administration service as a Resident Agent for sixteen years, has developed elephantiasis, no doubt due to his long stay in the tropics. For this reason he retired from the service in the middle of November, and subsequently proceeded to New Zealand for medical attention. This is a typical example of risks run by those who engage in tropical service. MANGAIA. Trade. —Although the orange crop was a short one, 15,433 cases of oranges and other citrus fruits and 474 cases of bananas were shipped during the year. Improvements in packing and grading have resulted in better prices being obtained. Health.—Health conditions have been good during the year, and the island has been free from any epidemics. The island nurse reports 2,699 attendances at the dispensary for the half-year ended 30th September. Vital Statistics. —There were sixty births, seventy-one deaths, and ten marriages (all of Natives) on the island during the year. Public Works. —A new cargo-shed, 100 ft. by 20 ft., has been built. It is a solid structure, and replaces an old building which was erected principally from the timber of the barque " Saragossa," which was wrecked on the reef many years ago. Roads have been kept in good order, and several extensions and deviations are contemplated for the coming year in order to minimize labour in carrying fruit. Courts and Police.—2s6 cases on the criminal side were heard during the year. Most of these cases were for minor offences involving breaches of regulations and local Ordinances. There has been no trouble of any kind on the island, and police duties have been well performed. General. —John Trego, commonly known as " King John," who, as Regent, held the Ariki title at Mangaia since 1879, died in December, 1928. By common consent of the chiefs and people, Tanenuiarangi and Matekeiti have succeeded to the Ariki title, and there is thus a dual Arikiship. MITIARO. Public Works. —The new 5,000-gallon tank has proved of great convenience to the people of this island. Repairs have also been effected to the schoolhouse, and tanks erected for school purposes. Vital Statistics. —During the jjear there were nine births, four deaths, and two marriages (all of Natives) recorded at Mitiaro. ISLANDS OF MANUAE AND TE-AU-O-TU. These islands (enclosed in one reef) were leased many years ago by the Native owners, and are nowheld under private lease. Both islands have been well planted by the lessee, and copra produced for the year amounted to 200 tons.

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NORTHERN GROUP ISLANDS. MANIHIKI AND RAKAHANGA. The following are extracts from the report of the Resident Agent, in regard to the islands of Manihiki and Rakahanga. Because of the lack of communication since the end of November owing to the hurricane season, this report is for the year ended 30th September, 1929. Health. —Health conditions have been good throughout the year in both islands. Dr. Christie, Chief Medical Officer, paid a visit to both islands during the months of January and September. Dr. P. H. Buck, whilst engaged on research work in May and June, kindly did a considerable amount of medical work, which was greatly appreciated. Trade and Shipping.—The following table shows the quantities of copra and shell exported from the two islands : —

Imports values for the year were : Manihiki, £3,856 13s. 9d. ; Rakahanga, £2,930 18s. Id : total, £6,787 lis. lOd. Vital Statistics. —Births, deaths, and marriages for the year ended 30th September, 1929 : — Manihiki.—Births : Males, 6 ; females, 9 : total, 15. Deaths : Males, 6 ; females, 4 : total, 10. Marriages, 3. Rakahanga. —Births : Males, 8 ; females, 6 : total, 14. Deaths : Males, 3 ; females, 1 : total, 4. Marriages, 5. Planting of Lands.—Duri rig the year the people paid considerable attention to the planting of their lands, and the islands are both well planted. Coconut, puraka, breadfruit, and bananas were planted, and the inhabitants have a plentiful supply of food. Unfortunately, however, owing to the drop in copra-prices, the purchasing-power of the people has been very considerably reduced. Roads. —Roads in all settlements have been well maintained during the year. High Court. — Criminal jurisdiction : In Manihiki the total number of cases for criminal offences, and for breaches of regulations and local Ordinances, was fifty-one, whilst in Rakahanga fifty cases were dealt with. Convictions were entered in all cases. Civil jurisdiction : Five civil cases were dealt with at Manihiki. Statement of Revenue for the Year ended 30th September, 1929 Manihiki : High Court fees and fines, £36 6s. ; traders' licenses, £50 ; marriage fees, £1 Is. civil fees, £1 10s. ; duty collected, 3s. lOd. ; Rarotonga Account, Kaitara, 2s. 6d. ; stamp sales, £8 : total, £97 3s. 4d. Rakahanga : High Court fees and fines, £40 10s. ; traders' licenses, £36 ss. ; marriage fees, £1 15s. : total, £78 10s. Police Department. —There are three police officers in each island. Offences committed have been of a trivial nature, and law and order are being well maintained. Island Council.—Regular meetings of the Island Councils were held, and all matters affecting the welfare of the people satisfactorily discussed and decided upon. Visit of Resident Commissioner.—The Resident Commissioner, accompanied by the Registrar, paid visits to both islands in May and June, when various matters pertaining to the Land and High Courts were dealt with. Dr. P. H. Buck visited these islands at the same time, to carry out research work on behalf of the Bishop Museum of Honolulu.

Copra. Shell. Vessel. Date. — - - — — — Manihiki. Rakahanga. Manihiki. 1928. T. cwt. qr. lb. T. cwt. qr. lb. T. cwt. qr. " Tiare Taporo" .. October .. 33 11 1 16 72 18 1 16 27 16 3 1929. ,, . . January 69 16 2 26 " Tagua" .. .. „ .. 7 12 0 0 32 6 3 3 " Tiare Taporo " . . March 85 8 1 8 . . May, June . . 36 18 0 14 80 0 1 2 H.M.S. " Veronica " .. July " Tagua " .. .. September .. 76 10 3 13 26 0 0 0 " Tiare Taporo " „ 59 18 3 5 369 16 0 26 211 5 1 21 27 16 3

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During the Resident Commissioner's visit to Rakahanga he unveiled the Soldiers' Roll of Honour, The loyalty of the people in these far away islands was demonstrated by the fact that every resident of the island was present at the function, when speeches were delivered by the Resident Commissioner, by Dr. P. H. Buck (Te Rangi Hiroa), and Mr. Henry Williams, Resident Agent. Schools. —At the subsidized London Missionary Society's schools (two at Manihiki and one at Rakahanga) attendances were well maintained and good work done. All schools are now well equipped with desks, cupboards, blackboards, and other requisites, and plentiful stocks of ordinary school supplies are in hand. General. —There have been no severe storms during the year. The lagoon at Manihiki, according to regulations, has been closed since last December, so there has been no shell diving and very little pipi-pearl diving since then, which has enabled the people to give attention to improving their lands. The H.M.S. " Veronica " arrived at Manihiki 011 the 7th July, 1929, and left on the Bth. The Commander and some of the officers came on shore and unveiled the Soldiers' Roll of Honour at Manihiki. They also gave a searchlight display, which entertained the people very much. The ship's doctor very kindly attended to a number of sick people. The vessel also visited Rakahanga on the Bth July. Penrhyn. The following are extracts from the report of the Resident Agent at Penrhyn for the year ended 31st December, 1929 : — Trade and Shipping.—The auxiliary schooner " Tiare Taporo " made six calls at the islands during the year, and the auxiliary schooner " Tagua " two calls. Copra shipped for the year amounted to 126 tons. The island could produce a great deal more copra, but for some years the people have been devoting most of their time to diving for pipi-pearls and mother-of-pearl shell. The pipi-pearl industry has been declining considerably for some time on account of the poor prices obtainable in London and on the Continent. Supplies of pearls from other fisheries throughout the world, and also the competition from culture pearls, have decreased the demand for the pipi variety of pearl. The lagoon abounds in mother-of-pearl shell, but for a number of years prices have not been payable, hence the small amount of diving. In order to encourage the industry the Administration has thrown both lagoon reserves open for both machine and naked diving continuously until 1932. Previously the two Penrhyn reserves and the reserve at Manihiki were worked for yearly intervals in rotation. The pearlshell output for the year was 14,271 lb. Health.—Health conditions have been quite good during the year. The Chief Medical Officer paid visits to the island in January and September-October, when three new cases of leprosy were discovered. These have been securely isolated, and will await an opportunity to be transferred to Makogai, Fiji. High Court. —There were only thirty-five cases, all of a trivial nature, for hearing this year. Police Department. —Police officers have carried out their duties satisfactorily. Island Council. —Several meetings of the Council were held, particularly during the visit of the Resident Commissioner, when various matters were discussed. Visit of Resident Commissioner and Land Court. —The Resident Commissioner and the Registrar of Courts visited the island at the end of June. A Land Court sitting lasting a week was held, when a large number of genealogies dating from ancient times were recorded. Dr. P. H. Buck visited the island at the same time, on behalf of the Bishop Museum. Water-supply. —The 5,000-gallon concrete tanks have been put in order, and there has been a plentiful supply of water. Schools.—The schools at Omoka and Tetautua did satisfactory work during the year. General.—The Soldiers' Roll of Honour was unveiled by Dr. P. H. Buck in July in the presence of a large attendance of residents. H.M.S. " Veronica " paid a visit to Penrhyn from the 9th to the 13th July. Pukapuka. The following are extracts from the report of the Resident Agent at Pukapuka, for the year ended 31st December, 1929 :— Health. —The health of the people in general has been very good all through the year. Many treatments have been given for yaws and hookworm, and these diseases have now nearly disappeared. Coughs and fevers have not been so troublesome this year. As there was 110 schooner from Rarotonga, no doctor visited the island this year. Lack of communication from Rarotonga for the past two years has been very inconvenient. The only communication being by schooner from Samoa. Trade. —During the year the auxiliary schooner " Choiseul " paid eight visits to the island. There were 62 tons of copra exported, whilst imports of goods totalled £1,337 4s. lid. A further 62 tons of copra await shipment. Vital Statistics. —There were 31 births, 11 deaths, and 4 marriages (all of Natives) for the year. Planting of Lands.—The three islands comprising Pukapuka are now fully planted, and the inhabitants have sufficient food crops. Roads. —All landowners helped in the maintenance of roads, which are in good order.

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High Court. —There were eight sittings during the year. The total number of cases of criminal offences and for breaches of regulations was thirty-two. Twenty-four convictions were entered, seven cases dismissed, and one adjourned. There were no cases of a serious nature. Police Department. —The Native police are performing their duties in a very satisfactory manner. Island Council. —The Council has given willing assistance in matters pertaining to the public welfare. School. —The roll shows a total of 152 pupils, who have received steady instruction throughout the year. All classes are making good progress. At the first celebration of the school " breaking up " on the 18th December, recitations in English were given, also dialogues, action plays, action songs, and singing, and an exhibition of mass physical drill. The parents expressed their pleasure by the giving of presents of mats, hats, food, &c. The Administration has kept up a plentiful supply of blackboards, desks, cupboards, and other necessary requisites. General.—The weather has been good throughout the year, and no severe storms were experienced. The water-supply has been ample except at the Village of Ato, where a new tank is required. The Women's Committee is doing good work in the sanitation of houses and surroundings, &c. At the annual visit to houses made on Christmas Day all were found to be clean and well kept. SUW ARROW. This island, over which British sovereignty was proclaimed on the 22nd April, 1889, contains ail estimated area of 600 acres. It was first occupied by Messrs. Lever Bros., who carried on operations in pearl-shell diving. They experimented in the planting of gold-lipped shell from Torres Straits, but without success. The hurricane of 1914 completely spoiled the island so far as pearl-shell operations were concerned, and a great deal of damage was also done to the coconut plantations on several of the motus. The island, which is 513 miles north-west of Rarotonga, and is at present leased to Messrs. A. B. Donald, Ltd., produces very little copra at the present time. On account of the fact that there is a safe passage through the reef, a portion of the island was many years ago declared an Admiralty Reserve. The island is a sanctuary for marine birds, which are extraordinarily plentiful, and there is good fishing in the lagoon and round the coast. NASSAU. Nassau lies about forty-five miles south of Pukapuka, and contains an area of a little over 300 acres. It is held by the Samoa Shipping and Trading Co., Ltd., and is well planted with coconuts.

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REPORT OF THE NIUE ISLAND ADMINISTRATION. Finance. The financial year commenced with a credit balance of £3,005 17s. lOd. Revenue for the year amounted to £6,977 13s. 10d., and expenditure to £4,954 9s. 5d., leaving a credit balance at the 31st March, 1930, of £5,029 2s. 3d. There are, however, several accounts outstanding which will considerably reduce this balance. There was a heavy drop in copra export duty, due to the falling-off of the copra crop towards the latter end of the year. Details of revenue and expenditure for the year ended 31st March, 1930, are attached hereto :— Statement of Revenue and Expenditure for the Year ended 31st March, 1930. Revenue. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Balance brought forward, Ist April, 1929 3,005 17 10 Ammunition Account .. .. .. 15 14 4 Aid to revenue .. .. . . 442 0 0 Education—Government schools .. 199 11 2 Benzine Account .. .. .. 147 4 2 Fruit-export Account .. .. .. 103 14 3 Bond storage .. .. .. 018 5 Interpreters .. .. .. .. 155 11 7 Copra export duty .. .. .. 566 17 0 Jetty, boats, and bond-sheds .. .. 376 18 5 Customs duties .. .. .. 1,780 JO 0 Leper Account .. .. .. 361 11 8 Dog-tax .. .. .. .. 52 17 0 Medical Service Account .. .. 1,623 3 1 Fruit-case Account .. .. .. 1,094 10 11 Miscellaneous Services Account .. .. 207 16 7 Fruit-inspection fees .. .. .. 105 8 1 Niue Island Council .. .. .. 48 12 0 High Court fees and fines .. .. 153 2 0 Office equipment, fittings, repairs, &c. .. 37 6 4 Landing and Shipping Account .. .. 731 1 9 Police .. .. .. .. 540 19 3 Licenses .. .. .. .. 140 0 0 Printing and stationery .. . . 43 4 0 Liquor Account .. .. .. 29 13 I Prisoners .. .. .. .. 155 011 Native Land Court fees and fines .. 8 15 0 Public Works — Public Works, stock and material .. 135 19 7 Foreman .. .. .. .. 116 7 11 Registration and permit fees .. .. 21 16 0 Buildings and repairs .. .. 9 2 0 Stamp sales .. .. .. .. 1,401 16 1 Tools .. .. .. .. 11 7 4 Transport Account . . „ . . 165 4 9 Rent, officers' quarters .. .. 15 0 0 Reservoirs, village .. .. .. 8 7 10 Residency—Furniture and repairs .. 89 18 10 Roads .. .. .. .. 79 2 9 Superannuation Account .. .. 73 19 2 Wireless Account .. .. .. 682 0 0 Balance, 31st March, 1930 — 4,954 9 5 Cash in hand .. 1,113 11 5 Bank of New Zealand 3,915 10 10 5,029 2 3 £9,983 11 8 £9,983 11 8 Shipping . Seventeen vessels visited Niue during the year. The N.Z.M.V. " Maui Pomare " made seven round trips. Schedule showing tonnage of cargoes for the calendar year 1929 is attached hereto. The " Canadian Victor " and " Waihemo " called once each. The H.M.S. " Veronica," paid her annual visit on the 30th June, staying only the one day.

Schedule showing Tonnage of Cargoes carried by N.Z.M.V. "Maui Pomare" to and from Niue durinq the Year 1929. IMPORTS.

I Date of Arrival. General Cargo. Timber. Total Tonnage. Tons. Superficial Feet. 13 January, 1929 .. .. . . 48| 740 50 24 February, 1929 . . . . 35 . . 35 20 April, 1929 .. .. .. .. 48f 1,400 51| 8 July, 1929 .. . . . . .. 142 175 1421 19 August, 1929 .. .. .. 45 200 45J 30 September, 1929 .. .. .. 1,936 106| 18 November, 1929 .. .. .. 71 472 72" Totals .. .. .. 492f 4,923 5031

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EXPORTS.

SUMMARY. Inwards, 503J tons; outwards, 1,961§ tons: total, 2,465 tons. Trade. Imports for the year 1929, totalled £19,109, as against £18,637 for 1928. Exports amounted to £22,206, as against £20,938 for 1928. Of this amount £13,449 went to New Zealand, the balance, £8,757, to United Kingdom, Western Samoa, Australia, Fiji, American Samoa, and Hawaii. The main items were : Bananas, 17,434 cases ; basketware, 2,948 dozen ; copra, 735 i tons ; fungus, 6,606 lb. ; and hats, 574§ dozen. For details of imports and exports for the year under review and summary of trade for the past twenty-five years, see Appendix B attached hereto (see page 31). Copra. —The export of copra, the main product, shows a considerable drop as against that of 1928. The crop during the second half of the year did not come up to expectations, and very little improvement can be expected until the new crop matures. Present indications are not at all bright. Fruit. —During the year six shipments, totalling 17,434 cases of bananas, were made. The January shipment of 2,250 cases became a total loss to the shippers, owing to the severe gale of hurricane force experienced at that time making it absolutely impossible to load the fruit. The suggestion made by the Department, that the time was opportune to endeavour to sell our fruit on an f.o.b. basis, was placed before a full meeting of the growers here, who unanimously approved of its adoption. Arrangements were completed for the whole of the Niue output for 1930 to be sold on an f.o.b. basis, and for its distribution through the hands of the Fruitbrokers' Associations to the Wellington and South Island provinces at prices which were satisfactory to the growers. This is an ideal arrangement, and follows out the policy of the Government in giving direct shipments of tropical fruit to southern markets. Fungus.—6,Blo lb. were exported. The market is still greatly affected bv the unsettled state of affairs in China. Basketware. —There is still a good demand for this class of goods in New Zealand ; 2,948 dozen were exported during the year. Hats. —The demand for these goods has improved slightly ; 574J dozen were exported during the year. High Court and Native Land Court. Criminal cases for 1929 totalled 182, as against 245 in 1928. As usual the majority of these were offences against morality, and there was very little that could be called serious crime. Fees and fines collected amounted to £153 2s. Civil work was negligible in quantity, there being only 14 actions. In the Native Land Court the only work before the Court was ten applications for adoption orders and one application for annulment of adoption, orders being granted in all cases. Niue Island Council. Four meetings of the Nine Island Council were held during the year, one in each quarter. No new ordinances were passed. Vital Statistics. During the year there were 119 births and 86 deaths; the latter included one European, all others being Natives. Most of the deaths were of persons sixty years of age and over.

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Date of Departure. Copra. Fruit. j Fungus. ! rr^ 0 *^- ' CtOOus. lonnage. _ .. I . t Tons. Cases. lb. i Tons. 14 January, 1929 .. .. .. 157J .. 642 i 158 23 January, 1929 . . . . . . * * * * * 25 February, 1929 . . . . .. j 59 . . 1,149 . . 59| 2 March, 1929 .. .. .. .. .. 2,252 . 2 153' 20 April, 1929 .. .. .. .. j 69 . . .. .. 69 25 April, 1929 .. .. .. .. .. 2,290 .. J ' 158J 8 July, 1929 .. .. .. .. 173 .. .. .. 173 13 July, 1929 .. .. .. .. .. 3,202 1,997 H 223J 19 August, 1929 .. .. ..157 .. 507 157J 24 August, 1929 .. .. .. .. 3,304 922 2| 230J 30 September, 1929 . . . . .. 83 .. 988 . . 83f 5 October, 1929 .. .. .. .. 3,140 .. U 218" 18 November, 1929 . . . . .. 50 . . 605 . ." 50| 23 November, 1929 .. .. .. .. 3,246 .. 2| 227i Totals .. .. .. .. j 748J 17,434 6,810 j 10| l,961f * Nil, owing to severe gale of hurricane force.

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The natural increase for the period was 197. Migration : Ninety-seven persons, including twentythree Europeans, arrived, and 118 persons, including twenty-two Europeans, departed. The total population of the island at 31st December, 1929, was : Europeans and Natives—Males, 1,801; females, .1,984; total, 3,785. The births for the year show an increase of two, and deaths a decrease of twenty-five, over those shown for 1928. Medical and Public Health. The general health condition of the island has been good during the year, the only sickness of an epidemic nature being an outbreak of influenza during July and August. The epidemic was of a fairly severe nature, with thirty cases of pneumonic influenza and several with encephalitic symptoms. There were several deaths amongst the old and young. The unusually cold winter season we experienced was a contributing factor to a considerable extent. In February, 1929, the one remaining leper patient was transferred to the Leper Station at Makogai. Certain recommendations have been made for additional plant, and reforms in other directions, which show a commendable interest by the Medical Officer in the medical progress of the island. Where possible the necessary assistance will be given, but the financial position of the local Treasury as well as the heavy deficit anticipated in New Zealand for the year, will no doubt require expenditure to be limited to the urgent needs of the Department. Practically one-third of our total revenue last year was expended on the medical service of the island :— The following extracts are printed from, the report of the Medical Officer, Niue :— " Hospital. " The Hospital Staff has got through a very successful year. The number of admissions for the year was 177. The Natives show an increasing confidence in the Hospital and in medical service generally. The old prejudices are gradually breaking down. In the first quarter of the year a considerable number of cases of pneumonia were treated with good results. During the last quarter there was an outbreak of influenza with thirty cases of pneumonic influenza and. several with encephalitic symptoms. There were several deaths. Where proper liursing coidd be given to the seriously-ill cases recovery was the almost infallible rule. " A very encouraging feature of the" Hospital work has been the care of infants. The results have been gratifying, and have undoubtedly impressed the Natives. There is every indication that if frequent instruction and supervision could be given Niuean mothers in their villages a decided improvement in the death-rate of infants would result. " The number of confinements conducted by the Medical Officer and his staff in the Hospital and in the villages continues to increase. It is expedient that all the confinements on the island should be conducted by the Medical Department. The average number for a year is between ninety and 120. At present only one-third is confined by us. In the interests of birth-rate and the health of the mothers and babies it is imperative that, before long, all the midwifery should be in our hands. " During the last quarter the Medical Officer has instituted a course of lectures for the nurses. It is intended to grant certificates of competency to those that reach a certain standard, and when these nurses go back to their villages to employ them there in doing occasional nursing for the Medical Department. " During the year a small amount of urgently needed equipment has been purchased. The Hospital is still lacking in several important essentials to bring it up to modern standards so that it can fully cater for the medical needs of the island. " The following are the statistics of the Hospital:— " Admissions to Hospital .. . . .. . . . . .. 177 " Average number of days in Hospital . . . . .. .. 21 " Number of out-patients at dispensary .. .. .. .. 3,225 " Number of dressings at out-patients' dispensary .. .. .. 14,797 " Number of patients treated in their villages .. .. . . . . 2,228 " Number of special visits to villages .. .. .. .. . . 960 " Number of injections— " (a) Novarsenobillon .. .. .. . . . . . . 76 " (b) Bicreol .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 352 " (c) Vaccines .. .. .. . . .. .. 276 " (d) Blood .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 134 " (e) Calot's fluid .. . . .. . . .. .. 41 " Number of laboratory examinations — " (a) Faeces .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 " (b) Urine . . .. . . .. . . . . .. 12 " (c) Blood .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 " (d) Smears .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 33 " Number of operations— " (a) Major .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 6 " (b) Minor .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 81 " (c) Dental extractions .. .. .. ~ ~ 85

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" Dental Hygiene. " .Dental disease on the Island continues to make demands On the time of the Medical Officer: He has been able, during the past twelve months, to survey the dental field and to estimate the extent of dental caries. This is considerable, and is not diminishing. Caries is especially prevalent in the coastal A large number of adults are rapidly becoming edentulous. The situation cialls for effective action, and recommendations are being made to meet the position. " Gonorrhoea and Sterility. " There Were sixty-nine cases of gonorrhoea for the year. There is little doubt that there is still a number of chronic cases on the island. On the whole, acute cases present themselves or are sent by the police with some degree of promptitude. We are slowly convincing the Natives that the earlier they present themselves for treatment the quicker and more certain the result desired. During the year a prophylactic hut was established in one village as an experiment. The Natives volunteered to supply labour and materials free. On the whole, it has been a success. Later on, a hut for females will also be built. In the same village the Natives have co-operated with the Administration in building two compounds—one for males and one for females. .After the village had been inspected, the infected persons were segregated and treated. A married couple was chosen to undergo a certain amount of training at the Hospital and then was placed in charge of the compounds. Good work has been accomplished. It is the intention of the Medical Department to make use of these compounds as Hospital wards during any severe epidemic of an infectious disease that may arise. " Gonorrohoea is intimately bound up with the question of sterility on Niue. If the birth-rate is to be improved then this very prevalent disease will have to be actively combated. There are numerous married couples with no children at all, and, invariably, on questioning, a history of gonorrhoea is obtained. There are two ways of tackling the gonorrhoea question 011 Niue, and recommendations have been made for dealing with the matter. " With these conditions fulfilled the disease could be kept in check, the sterility lessened, and the birth-rate and the health of many of the men and women wonderfully improved. " Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Chronic Diseases of Lungs. " During the year an estimate of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has been made. The disease has been found to be very prevalent and the death-rate is high. There is need for the disease to be tackled resolutely. The Hospital has not the accommodation nor is it suitable for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A small sanatorium of Native huts is required for the isolation and treatment of these cases. The Medical Officer has attempted to treat- these cases in leaf huts in their own kainas, but the experiment is largely unsuccessful due to the lack of control by the parents and relations. The cases need to be under white supervision to achievc any results at all. Recommendations are also being made in this connection. " Yaws. " The incidence of this disease has considerably lessened of recent years. Fresh cases do occur, usually among children. Cases of planter dermatitis and cases of tertiary yaws present themselves with moderate frequency. The Natives readily apply for treatment. The following are the statistics : — " I. Tonas .. . . . . .. .. .. 20 " 2. Planter dermatitis.. .. .. .. .. 12 " 3. Old scars .. . . .. .. .. 8 " 4. Gummata .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 "5. Painful joints and bones .. .. .. . . 4 " Total 54 " Filariasis. " The task of compiling statistics of this parasitic disease has been started during the year. This, however, is a work of some magnitude, and it will be at least a year before the full figures can be obtained. What has been done indicates strongly that the disease is more prevalent than has been anticipated. A considerable portion of the chronic disease on Niue is due to filariasis. On Niue the mosquito responsible is the aedes variegatus —a day-biting mosquito. " Myocotic Disease. " The sulphur-boxes continue to do good work. On the back of the island where the disease was most prevalent it is now rare to see a case of tinea imbricata. There are other myocotic diseases of the skin that do not respond very well to sulphur. Here slower and more laborious methods are advised, but the Native, one finds, is disinclined to persevere with treatments that do not give quick results. " Leprosy. "'No further cases have been reported. Contacts of leprosy cases that have been sent away are examined periodically.

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" Schools and School-children. " During the last quarter of this year the Tufukia children have been examined. It is intended to do the London Missionary Society schools next year. On the whole, the Tufukia children have » been found to be fairly healthy. Dental caries is the commonest defect., and urgently requires dental supervision. Intestinal parasites, chiefly thread and round worms, are, of course, common. Inspection of Villages. "An inspection of the villages has been made during the year. The use of detached w.c.s was universal. The type and usual construction was found to be unsatisfactory. A more hygienic building has been planned to remedy this, and the Natives are now building new ones or altering their old ones. " The fales in a good many cases were found to be soundly built and well designed. The greatest defect is ventilation. It is now compulsory to build new dwellings with an opening all round between top of walls and roof. This does not go far enough. Openings are required near the level of the sleeping people inside, to allow for satisfactory ventilation ; these should always be kept open. At present, through superstition, the Natives tightly close all windows and doors at night. During the hurricane season the atmosphere of their small fales is simply poisonous. This pernicious practice is undoubtedly a potent factor in the causation of the large quantity of respiratory disease on the island. Only education of the new generation will effectively combat the superstition and convince the Native of the value of ventilation. " Games. " One of the greatest defects in the average Niuean's life, at present, is the absence of pastimes and games of skill and exertion. The inevitable result is excessive sexuality. It is our decided opinion that games of exertion, team games, should be actively encouraged among the Natives. " Clothing. " The Niuean has still much to learn about the proper use of European clothes. The lavalava is now worn only at odd times whilst idling at home. Although thick woollen clothes may be smartlooking in a church service, they are certainly not suited hygienically to humid January weather in Niue. Dress reform will come slowly. Our instruction in the wise use of dress must be chiefly with the school-children. To this end the teaching staff at the two Government schools have been given lectures on the principles of hygiene, and one hopes that this will in time bear fruit, and that before long the Niuean. will dress as sensibly as becomes their nature and their climate. " Fertility and Birth-rate on Niue. " In another part of this report reference has been made to gonorrhoea and the fertility of the Niuean. Undoubtedly this is the greatest exciting cause. Yaws and filariasis are, probably, factors of some, but considerably less, importance. Another factor, a predisposing one, is the in-breeding that is going on among the people. There has been too much marrying within a limited circle of people. Marriages between members of different villages and in no way related are to be encouraged. Where a Niuean has married a Samoan or a Tongan the marriage has been almost always prolific in offspring. Now that the Niue people are visiting Samoa more frequently than they did, more mixed marriages should result. These marriages are to be encouraged as introducing a fresh virile element into the Niue race. " Medical Transport. " During the year a motor-lorry has been requisitioned to travel round the island, through each village, to transport patients to and from Hospital and to pick up food for the Hospital patients. In the past the patients' food had to be transported to Tufukia by the patients' relatives. This often meant a laborious journey of several miles, and eventually some of the patients were unable to obtain regular supplies of food. The new arrangement has certainly made for a more harmonious working of the Hospital." Postal. The following figures show the postal business transacted during the year ; the total volume of business amounted to £9,318 7s. s|d. as against £9,579 19s. Bd. for 1928-29. £ s. d. Money-orders issued .. .. . . .. .. 5,004 4 3 Money-orders paid .. .. . . .. . . . . 786 12 3 Savings-bank deposits . . . . .. . . 1,339 5 0 Savings-bank withdrawals . . .. .. . . .. 301 11 8 New Zealand postal notes issued .. .. .. .. 99 6 11 New Zealand postal notes paid . . . . .. .. .. 6 13 9 British postal orders paid . . .. .. .. .. 13 0 Miscellaneous payments .. .. .. .. .. 1,158 18 Of Stamp-sales .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 589 7 6 Trade-charge money-orders .. .. .. .. .. 31 5 1 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. £9,318 7 5i

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Meteorological. Summarized, the readings for 1929 are as follows : Barometer : Mean for year, 29-898. Thermometer : Highest, 92 ; lowest, 57 ; mean maximum, 87-58 ; mean minimum, 62-08. Rainfall, 114-51 in. Average monthly rainfall, 9-58 in. Maximum rainfall on any one day, 7-47 in. on the 25th April. With the exception of one occasion in January the hurricane season passed without any serious blow, otherwise shipping could have been worked throughout the season. The only phenomenon worthy of note was a heavy smoke haze for five days in November, again for two days in December, and again for three days in March. The only effect of the Fiji hurricane here was a very heavy surf for four days. Wireless. The wireless station has worked smoothly throughout the year. The following figures show the volume of work transacted during the year, excluding press, weather reports, and free messages in connection with shipping between the " Maui Pomare " and shore.

Radio press news was posted up daily. A short-wave transmitter has been installed, and experiments are being carried out to establish direct communication with Radio-Wellington. If this can be successfully accomplished, it will then be possible to reduce the present high rate of Is. 6d. per word to Is. per word, and will undoubtedly lead to an increase in radio traffic. The new Belliss-Morcom engine and generator installed in August last are giving entire satisfaction. Public Works. The following works and repairs have been carried out during the year :— Roads. —General maintenance work has been carried out on all roads by prison labour. Peta Hill has been re-formed and top-dressed with makapala. Buildings. —Wireless station : A concrete reservoir with capacity of 800 gallons erected. The building white-washed inside and out, and all paintwork painted. Wireless residence : Renovated and additional furniture supplied. Hospital : New ward lockers and bed-screens supplied ; cess-pits excavated, and w.c.s erected ; general repairs to furniture and buildings effected where necessary. Wooden floor of rest-room at nurses' home pulled up and replaced with a concrete floor.. Schools : Tufukia—General repairs to building effected where necessary ; new cess-pits excavated ; reservoir cleaned out and refaced with cement. Jetty. —Surf-boats thoroughly overhauled and repainted. Reservoirs. —Village : General maintenance and repair work has been carried out. A new pump fitted at Alofi; the Lakepa reservoir refaced inside with cement. Motor Transport.—The cars and lorries have been taken down, thoroughly overhauled, repaired, and repainted, and are now in good running-order. Self-starter and battery have been fitted to the Medical Officer's car. Education. Good progress is being made in educational matters, and the policy set out in the 1928 annual report is being adhered to. The following are the attendance figures of both schools for the past year :—

Inwards. Outwards. Gross Receipts. J Messages. Words. Messages. Words. I I £ s. d. First quarter .. . . .. .. 86 696 97 932 68 0 0 Second quarter . . . . .. 69 564 77 626 43 19 9 Third quarter .. .. .. 71 720 70 657 46 1.5 6 Fourth quarter .. . . . . 54 34-8 50 329 23 4 6 Totals .. .. .. 280 2,328 294 2,544 181 19 9

Average Roll Number. Average Attendance. School. j ; . Boys. ! Girls Total. Boys. Girls. Total. Tufukia .. .. .. 101-2 87-3 188-5 87-6 78-7 166-3 Hakupu .. .. .. 41-6 28-8 70-4 39-5 26-4 65-9 Totals .. .. 142-8 116-1 258-9 127-1 105-1 232-2

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The report of the headmaster is attached hereto : — London Missionary Society Subsidized Schools. —The Government subsidy for the year was paid to the local missionary. The Rev. H. Taylor arrived 011 the 17th November and has taken charge of the London Missionary Society's work on Niue. From October 1928, until the arrival of Mr. Taylor, the affairs of the London Missionary Society were in the hands of the senior Native pastor, Neri Lupo, who supervised the educational work of the ten Mission schools. lam pleased to report that during this period the work of the ten schools proceeded satisfactorily and the good progress made reflects great credit on this Native. The following are the attendance figures of the ten Mission schools for the year 1929 : —

The year's work just completed has been a most successful one from the point of view of ground covered and results obtained. The children have made excellent progress and have shown a keen interest in their work and play. Staff. —The teachers' classes commenced last year have been continued throughout the year, the whole of the syllabus of work laid down for the teachers' examinations i being covered. The classes were well attended by the staff of both schools, who did very good work. The following subjects were dealt with as simply and as fully as possible : Arithmetic, English composition (English and vernacular) spelling, writing (including black-board), reading, drawing ; and under the heading of " General " were grouped health, geography, singing, and civics. Dr. Dean gave a series of lectures on 1 Problems of Health and Hygiene on Niue." Not only was instruction given to enable the teachers to pass their examination, but detailed lessons were given as to the best methods of dealing with the various school subjects in the various classes. The examination was held in October last, and of the six teachers and three handicraft teachers who sat, five teachers and one handicraft mistress qualified for a certificate. Syllabus of Instruction. —During the year a new syllabus of instruction has been drafted embodying any alterations and additions that have been found necessary in subjects, extent, and methods of instruction. This new syllabus is not experimental, but has been based 011 the general outline of work carried out by previous teachers and amended where the past three years' work has shown a definite need for revision. Such revision has been made more with a view to placing matters on a more detailed and definite footing than in introducing any radical alterations. The following are the .most important changes : — (a) Limiting the scope of the general subjects to the practical needs of the island. (b) Introducing a simple yet fairly comprehensive study of physical and world geography, with a view to broadening the ideas and outlook of the younger generation to the world about them. (c) Instruction in the vernacular to include reading, writing, spelling, and number work. (d) Increase in the time spent in Native handicraft with an extension of the scope of the subject to include growing and preparation of the raw material. (e) More systematic instruction in woodwork, with special regard to the care and use of tools, designs, &c. Schemes of work in detail based 011 the new syllabus are in course of preparation, and will be ready for use next year, but as the various changes have already been incorporated with the work of the schools, the new schemes will entail little or no change. A start has been made to provide reading material in the vernacular by the issue of the First Niue Reader, which has been revised and printed in book form. The Native is keen to learn, but at the same time the general educational needs of the island are not high, and the standard aimed at in the schools is necessarily a limited one. It is considered that, given an ample supply of suitable reading material in. the vernacular and later in English, the keen intelligence of the Native may, in the future, be directed towards gaining a wider knowledge of conditions, customs, and affairs of other countries. Another book is in course of preparation, and will be available next year. Work of the Schools. Reading. —Vernacular: The extra time devoted to this subject has given remarkably good results. The use of good methods and progressively arranged lessons has made the work interesting and progress rapid. In the upper classes the new reading books and cards, together with daily reading from the Niue Bible, have resulted in practically the whole of the children from Standard I up being able to read, write, and spell their own language fluently and correctly.

Quarter. j Males. Females. , Total. I Attendance. I J_ | First quarter .. .. 249 216 465 436-2 Second quarter .. .. 253 224 " 477 442-4 Third quarter . . .. 256 219 475 430-5 Fourth quarter .. .. 267 234 501 471-9 Average attendance for the year. 445-2.

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English.—Though the time spent teaching this subject has been curtailed, the standard of oral and written English remains unchanged. There is practically no demand for English outside of the school, and nowhere excepting in the two Government schools (and consequentlyronly in two villages) is any serious attempt made to teach the language, or is any English understood. In the absence of any compulsory use of English in the general life of the island, the children get no practice in speaking the language, and naturally fall back on their own tongue for all purposes. In consequence, progress beyond a certain point useful in school is laboured, and under present conditions additional time spent on the subject would not be repaid by results. Writing. —This subject is good throughout. In the senior classes the children have been encouraged to develop their own style of writing, with very pleasing results. The work is extremely neat and clear. Drawing. —The instruction given in the teachers' classes on new methods, and the practical work done there has borne fruit. The old idea of drawings being made on the black-board and copied by the children has been entirely cut out, and replaced by the children making their own drawings direct from the actual flowers, leaves, fruit, and other objects. The introduction of surface-treatment by pencil shading, pen-and-ink, or coloured washes has resulted in increased interest on the part of the children, with a correspondingly rapid advance in the quality of the work. By these means the child is forced to rely on his own observations and to use his own judgment instead of merely copying the teacher's work. At Hakupu School, where' these methods have been used for the past four years, exceptionally good work is being done in freehand and design, the latter work being correlated with the Native handicraft. At Tufukia some very good work has been accomplished in ruler drawings of the objects made in the woodwork classes. Native Handicraft. Handicraft. —At Hakupu this subject is excellent. At Tufukia the progress is slow, but evident. No Native handicraft is done in this village, consequently the children get no practice or opportunity to apply the lessons they learn at school, neither is there any interest on the part of the children or parents. The work this year has been devoted to hatmaking for the seniors and soft-basket making for the juniors. Sewing is showing satisfactory improvement in both schools. The work is neater and cleaner in appearance. The decorative effects of coloured designs and drawn-thread work are greatly appreciated by the Native, and the children readily grasped the ideas and quickly made use of their own designs. At Hakupu the senior girls organized a sewing-bee, and raised funds towards their sports and prizemoneys. Woodwork. —Very good work is being done at the Technical School. These classes have been placed in the hands of the most competent of the Native teachers, and the results this year are very creditable. Beds, tables, and deck-chairs are the commonest articles made and sold. The classes which have previously been confined to Tufukia boys were this year extended to include the senior boys of Hakupu School. Health. —This is one of the most important subjects of the schools, and receives regular attention in all classes. This year special lessons have been given to the teachers, who in turn pass on the information in the form of weekly lessons to each class. These lessons are given in the vernacular in order that the fullest comprehension may be gained by what is being taught. The children are compelled to put most of the theories taught into practical form by keeping themselves, desks, rooms, and grounds clean and tidy. The children are inspected every day, all those needing medical attention being sent direct to the hospital for treatment. Gardening.—As stated in previous reports, this is an extremely difficult subject from which to get useful results, chiefly owing to the scarcity of soil, especially at Tufukia. The section of land placed at our disposal has been thoroughly cleaned up. The coconuts have been thinned out and the bush felled to make room for a banana-plantation. The land is not very suitable for cultivation, but over forty plants have been put in, as well as some sugar-cane and ta.ro. At Hakupu, an additional section of land has been cleared, burned, and planted with taro, while a portion of the residence-grounds has been planted in tobacco. Drill and Games. —Drill and games form part of the daily work of the school, and a special period is set apart each week for organized games in each class. Funds have been raised by concert and other means for the purchase of basket-balls, cricket-balls, boxing-gloves, skipping-ropes, &c., and all the children are keenly busy during play-times. The remaining subjects are all making excellent progress, the standard of work being well up to previous years.

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APPENDICES.

APPENDIX A. Cook Islands Administration. Return of Imports to Rarotonga for the Year ending 31st December, 1929.

Article. Whence imported. Value. £ f Agriculture produce .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 881 United States of America .. 93 Tahiti .. .. .. 36 1,010 Animals, liveSheep .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 18 Dogs .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 10 Poultry .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 33 61 Apparel .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 1,361 United States of America .. 308 United Kingdom .. .. 721 France .. .. .. 178 Fiji .. .. .. 7 Australia .. .. .. 3 Tahiti .. .. .. 22 Germany .. . . .. 12 Japan .. . . .. 56 2,668 Arms, ammunition, &c. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 126 Articles of textile not being apparel, &c. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 531 United States of America .. 193 United Kingdom .. .. 510 France . . .. .. 32 Switzerland .. .. . . 147 Belgium .. . . .. 13 Tahiti .. .. .. 22 Australia .. .. .. 87 Japan .. .. .. 2 Hungary .. .. .. 3 1,540 Bacon and hams .. . . .. New Zealand . . .. .. .. 336 Bags and sacks .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 646 India .. .. . . 955 I 1,601 Bamboo .. . . . . .. .. Tahiti . . .. .. . . 281 Beer .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand . . .. .. .. 194 Beverages, non-alcoholic .. .. .. New Zealand . . . . , . 106 United Kingdom . . . . 1 Tahiti .. . . . . 15 France .. .. . . 7 129 Bicycles and motors .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 1,931 United States of America .. 655 United Kingdom .. .. 271 Canada .. .. .. 2,277 Germany . , . . .. 38 5,172 Biscuits and bread .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 4,416 United Kingdom . . .. 15 Fiji . . .. . . .. 25 4,456

25

a.—a

Return of Imports to Rarotonga for the Year ending 31st December, 1929—continued.

4—A. 3.

Article. Whence imported. | Value. L I £ £ Boots and shoes .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 571 United States of America .. 133 United Kingdom .. .. 149 Japan .. .. .. 30 Canada .. .. .. 428 Australia .. . . . . 4 Straits Settlements .. . . 134 1,449 Brushware .. . . .. .. New Zealand .. . . . . 107 United States of America . . 22 United Kingdom .. . . 1 France .. .. . 1 ! —— 131 Building-materials, n.e.i. .. .. . . New Zealand .. .. .. 344 United States of America . . 22 Tahiti .. .. .. 3 Australia .. .. . . 3 372 Butter and cheese .. .. .. .. New Zealand . . .. .. .. 2,184 Carriageware .. . . . . New Zealand .. .. .. j 34 United States of America .. j 404 i 438 Cement .. . . . . . . . . New Zealand .. .. .. I 383 United States of America ... 6 389 Cinema goods .. .. .. . . New Zealand .. .. . . 661 Tahiti .. .. .. 2 663 Coal .. .. . . .. . . New Zealand .. . . .. 97 Tahiti .. .. .. 12 109 Confectionery .. .. . . . . New Zealand .. .. .. 568 United States of America .. 17 585 Cordage .. . . . . .. . New Zealand .. .. .. 859 United States of America .. 325 United Kingdom .. .. 3 Tahiti .. .. .. 3 1,190 Cotton piece-goods .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. 993 United States of America . . 1,563 United Kingdom .. .. 3,358 Germany .. .. .. 52 Hawaii . . .. . . 1 Australia .. .. .. 2 France .. . .. 11 Tahiti . . . . .. 45 Belgium .. . . . . 3 6,028 Drapery .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 2,635 United States of America . . 89 United Kingdom .. .. 499 Switzerland . . . . .. 119 Tahiti ... -.... 8 Austria . . .. .. 36 France .. .. . . 3 Belgium . . .. . . 1 3,390 Drugs . . . . . . . . . . New Zealand .. .. . . J ,145 United States of America .. 69 United Kingdom ... .. 85 Australia .. . . .. 58 - — 1,357

A.—3

26

Return of Imports to Rarotonga for the Year ending 31st December, 1929 —continued.

Article. Whence imported. Value. £ £ Earthenware, glassware, and lampware .. New Zealand . . .. .. 344 United States of America .. 409 United Kingdom .. .. 23 Germany .. .. .. 59 Holland .. .. .. 3 Belgium .. .. .. 14 Tahiti .. .. .. 5 Czecho-Slovakia .. .. TO France .. .. .. 35 • 902 Fancy goods .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 209 United States of America .. 112 United Kingdom .. .. 260 Germany .. .. .. 74 Austria .. .. .. 1 Czecho-Slovakia .. .. 12 France .. .. .. 110 Japan .. .. .. 5 Australia .. .. 9 Spain .. .. .. 2 Italy .. .. .. 7 Tahiti .. .. . . 5 806 Fertilizer .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 194 Fish, preserved .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 549 United States of America .. 265 United Kingdom .. .. 50 Canada .. .. .. 431 Norway .. .. .. 37 1,332 Flour .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 591 United States of America .. 36 Australia .. .. 4,552 5,179 Furniture .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 362 United States of America .. 41 United Kingdom. .. .. 35 Tahiti .. .. .. 7 India .. .. .. 39 —— 484 Hardware .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 1,779 United States of America . . 337 United Kingdom .. .. 381 Germany .. . . . . 89 Australia .. .. .. 15 Tahiti .. .. .. 2 Czecho-Slovakia .. . . 8 — 2,611 Hats and caps .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 25 United Kingdom .. .. 38 Tahiti .. .. . . 12 India ... .. .. 27 102 Hosiery .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 18 United States of America .. 94United Kingdom .. .. 43 ; Hawaii .. .. .. 4 Italy .. .. .. 2 161 Hops .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 110 Instruments, musical .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 56 United States of America .. 402 United Kingdom .. .. 6 Germany .. .. .. 23 Tahiti .. .. .. 7 Switzerland .. .. .. 1 495

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27

Return of Imports to Rarotonga for the Year ending 31st December, 1929—continued.

Article. Whence imported. Value. £ £ Iron, bar .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 85 Iron, galvanized .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 748 United Kingdom .. .. 139 887 Iron, pipes .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. .. 147 Iron, wire .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. 266 United States of America .. 87 United Kingdom .. .. 27 380 Jewellery .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 43 United States of America .. 7 United Kingdom .. .. 9 Switzerland .. .. . . 29 Germany .. .. 27 Czecho-Slovakia .. .. 19 134 Leatherware .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 75 United States of America .. 3 United Kingdom .. .. 6 Germany .. .. .. 1 85 Machinery, sewing .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. 50 United States of America . . 1 90 United Kingdom .. .. 17 Australia .. .. .. 7 164 Machinery n.e.i. .. . . .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 431 United States of America . . 154 United Kingdom .. .. 55 Australia .. .. .. 167 807 Machinery, electric .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 206 United States of America . . 354 United Kingdom . . . . 10 Germany .. .. .. 2 | 572 Matches .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. j 539 United Kingdom . . .. 132 Sweden .. .. .. j 1 672 Meat, preserved .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 112,011 United States of America .. 1 5 12,016 Meat, salt .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 869 Meat, frozen .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 1,421 Milk, preserved .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 763 United States of America .. 53 816 Nails .. ■ .. . . . . . . New Zealand .. .. . . 616 United States of America .. 62 Canada .. .. .. 39 717 Oil, kerosene, &c. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 995 United States of America .. 1,878 Java .. .. .. 4 2,877 Oil n.e.i. .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 376 United States of America .. 1,300 United Kingdom ... .. 57 Germany .. .. .. 10 Tahiti .. .. .. 134 Java .. .. .. 1 —— 1,878 Paints n.e.i. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 757 United States of America .. 248 United Kingdom .. .. 125 1,130

A— 3

28

Return of Imports to Rarotonga for the Year ending 31st December, 1929—continued.

Article. Whence imported. Value. £ £ Paper, wrapping .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 1,111 United States of America .. 51 France .. .. .. 33 1,195 Perfumery .. .. .. .. New Zealand ... .. ,. 2 United States of America .. 36 United Kingdom .. . . 24 France .. .. .. 56 Germany .. ... .. 18 Tahiti .. . . .. 3 139 Photo goods .. .. . . . . New Zealand .. .. .. 12 United States of America . . 49 France .. .. .. 3 64 Plants and seeds . . . . . . New Zealand .. .. . . 86 United States of America .. 1 Australia .. .. . . 24 Ill Provisions n.e.i. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 2,829 United States of America .. 486 United Kingdom ... . . 91 Straits Settlements .. .. 10 Tahiti .. .. .. 2 Australia .. .. .. 14 3,432 Rice .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 213 Australia .. .. .. 156 India .. .. . . 520 889 Saddlery .. . . .. .. .. New Zealand . . . . . . 28 United States of America . . 65 United Kingdom . . . . 3 96 Silk .. . . .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 438 United States of America .. 58 United Kingdom . . . . 108 France .. .. .. 10 Australia .. .. .. 14 Japan .. .. .. 217 Tahiti .. .. .. 1 846 Soap .. . . . . .. New Zealand .. .. 1,869 United States of America .. 3 France .. .. .. 9 Australia .. .. .. 13 1,894 Spirits — Whisky . . .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 41 Brandy . . . . .. . . Tahiti . . . . .. 63 Gin .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand . . . . . . 32 Rum .. .. .. .. .. Tahiti .. .. .. 194 330 Spirits, methylated .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 36 United States of America .. 3 39 Stationery .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . 774 United States of America . . 41 United Kingdom .. . . 48 863 Sugar .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 4,286 United States of America .. 1 Java .. .. .. 63 4,350

29

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Return of Imports to Rarotonga for the Year ending 31st December, 1929—continued.

Return of Imports into the Port of Avarua for the Year ended 31st December, 1929. SUMMABY. £ £ New Zealand .. .. .. 73,565 Austria .. .. .. 37 United States of America .. .. 12,039 Norway .. .. .. 37 United Kingdom .. .. 8,124 Fiji .. .. .. .. 32 Australia .. .. .. 5,195 Belgium .. .. .. 31 Canada . . . . . . . . 3,175 ' Italy .. .. .. .. 9 India . . .. . . .. 1,607 South Africa .. .. .. 6 Tahiti .. .. .. .. 1,112 Hawaii .. .. .. 5 Germany . . .. .. 490 Holland .. .. .. 4 France . . .. .. .. 491 Hungary .. .. .. 3 Japan .. .. . . .. 313 Spain .. .. .. 2 Switzerland .. .. .. 296 Sweden .. .. .. I Straits Settlements .. .. 144 Java .. .. .. .. 68 Grand total .. .. £106,835 Czecho-Slovakia .. .. .. 49 —

I ® ' Afe Article. j Whence imported. I Value. £ £ Tea, coffee, and cocoa .. . . .. New Zealand .. .. .. 481 United States of America .. 2 United Kingdom .. .. 7 India .. .. .. 66 556 Timber, sawn .. . . . . . . New Zealand .. .. . . 973 United States of America, .. 844 Australia .. . . .. 16 1,833 Timber, shooks .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 11,214 Tobacco .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 3,073 United States of America . . 196 United Kingdom . . . . 50 Tahiti .. . . . . 15 Australia .. .. .. 7 Holland .. .. .. 1 South Africa .. . . .. 6 — 3,348 Toilet preparations .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. 19 United States of America .. 71 United Kingdom . . .. 54 Tahiti .. . . .. 11 155 Tools .. .. .. .. . ■ New Zealand .. . . .. 126 United States of America . . 196 United Kingdom . . .. ; 214 Germany .. .. .. : 85 France .. . . .. I 6 1 —— 627 Wines — Port . . .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 15 Australia . . . . . . 6 White .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 7 Tahiti .. .. .. 56 Claret .. .. .. .. .. Tahiti .. .. .. 132 Australia .. .. .. 6 222 Woodenware .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 455 United States of America .. 86 Tahiti .. .. .. 11 Japan .. .. .. 3 555 Miscellaneous . . .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. 123 United States of America .. 46 United Kingdom .. .. 16 — 185 Grand total .. .. £106,835

A.—3

30

Return of Exports from the Port of Avarua for the Year ended 31st December, 1929.

Article. Exported to Quantity. Value. Cases. £ Oranges .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. 105,624 47,299 Bananas .. .. .. „ .. .. 51,026 26,946 Boxes. Tomatoes .. .. .. „ .. .. 52,666 16,755 Tahiti .. .. .. 19 5 52,685 16,760 Mandarins .. .. New Zealand .. .. 282 142 Cases. Limes and lemons .. .. ,, .. .. 248 134 Grapefruit .. .. .. „ .. .. 33 21 Avocado pears .. .. ,, .. .. ]5 4 Mangoes .. . . .. „ .. .. 13 4 Taro .. .. .. „ .. .. 34 9 Tahiti .. .. .. 4 1 38 10 Kumaras .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. 11 3 Yams .. .. .. „ .. .. 5 1 Packages. Fruit juice .. .. .. „ .. .. 325 628 Fruit peel .. . . .. „ .. .. 27 85 Sacks. Coconuts .. .. .. „ .. .. 2,144 964 Gunnies. United States of America .. 242 61 Packages. —— — 2,386 1,025 Cwt. Coffee beans.. .. .. New Zealand .... 18 57 Tons cwt. qr. lb. Copra .. .. .. United States of America .. 1,442 3 0 24 20,695 United Kingdom .. .. 357 16 0 5 4,871 Western Samoa .. .. 219 1 0 13 3,068 New Zealand .. .. 1 0 2 18 14 2,020 1 0 4 28,648 M.O.P. shell .. .. United Kingdom .. .. 41 0 3 16 2,053 United States of America .. 1 6 1 10 66 42 7 0 26 2,119 Pearls .. .. .. Tahiti .. .. . . .. 600 Grand total .. .. £124,486

31

A.—3

summary. £ New Zealand .. .. .. .. .. 93,066 United States of America .. .. .. .. 20,822 United Kingdom .. .. .. .. .. 6,924 Western Samoa .. .. .. .. .. 3,068 Tahiti .. .. .. .. .. .. 606 £124,486

Return of Imports and Exports, Port of Avarua, for the Fifteen Years, 1915 to 1929, inclusive.

APPENDIX B. Niue Island Administration. Return of Imports into the Port of Alofi for the Year ended 31st December, 1929.

Year. Imports, j Exports. J Year. Imports. Exports. Value £ £ £ £ £ £ 1915 .. .. 65,590 63,057 128,647 1923 .. .. 131,590 118,710 250,300 1916 .. .. 58,478 68,146 126,624 1924 .. .. 138,202 154,554 292,756 1917 .. .. 80,061 60,190 140,251 1925 .. .. 130,609 151,939 282,548 1918 .. .. 99,632 82,708 182,340 1926 .. .. 134.473 138,588 273,061 1919 .. .. 142,925 127,729 270,654 1927 .. .. 116,606 138,357 254,963 1920 .. .. 177,911 94,697 272,608 1928 .. .. 117,639 133,051 250,690 1921 .. .. 112,974 69,301 182,275 1929 .. .. 106,835 124,486 231,321 1922 .. .. 116,726 125,802 242,528 ! I

Article. Whence imported. Value. £ £ Agricultural produce .. .. . . New Zealand .. .. .. .. 5 Ale and stout .. .. . . .. ,, .. .. .... 26 Apparel n.e.i. .. .. .. .. „ .. .. .. 509 Western Samoa .. .. 34 United Kingdom . . .. 213 Australia .. .. .. 1 Canada .. .. .. 16 Fiji .. .. .. 6 Tonga .. .. .. 3 United States of America .. 2 American Samoa .. .. 15 Japan .. .. .. 59 858 Arms, ammunition, &c. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 260 Australia .. .. . . 6 266 Bacon and ham . . . . . . .. New Zealand .. .. . . . . 9 Bags and sacks .. .. . . .. „ .. .. .. 401 Australia .. .. .. 123 524 Beverages, non-alcoholic .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 20 Bicycles and parts .. .. .. .. „ .. .. 1,017 United Kingdom .. .. 36 1,053

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32

Return of Imports into the Port of Alofi for the Year ended 31st December, 1929 —continued.

Article. j Whence imported. j Value. ' £ £ Biscuits .. .. .. .. .. | New Zealand .. .. .. 772 United Kingdom .. .. 5 —— 777 Blue .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 28 Boats .. ... .. .. .. „ .. .. 209 Boots and shoes .. .. .. .. „ .. .. . . 241 United Kingdom .. . . 55 Canada 59 355 Brushware .. . . .. . . New Zealand .. . . .. 10 United Kingdom . . .. 4 j 14 Butter, cheese, &c. . . . . .. .. j New Zealand .. . . .. .. 182 Carriages and parts . . .. .. ,, .. .. .. 7 Cement, &c. .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. .. 174 Confectionery, n.e.i. .. .. .. ,, .. . . .. 154 United Kingdom .. .. 5 159 Cordage and twine .. .. .. . . New Zealand . . . . . . 43 United Kingdom . . .. 22 Australia .. . . . . 26 91 Cotton piece-goods n.e.i. .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. 757 Western Samoa .. .. 78 United Kingdom .. .. 1,751 —— 2,586 Cotton, sewing .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. 25 United Kingdom . . .. 43 68 Crockery and glassware .. . . New Zealand .. . . .. 33 United Kingdom .. .. 15 48 Cutlery and silverware .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 54 United Kingdom .. .. 6 Australia .. .. .. 14 — 74 Drapery n.e.i. .. .. -. . . New Zealand .. . . . . 169 United Kingdom .. .. 166 335 Drugs n.e.i. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. .. 583 Fancy goods n.e.i. .. .. ,. .. ,, .. .. .. 257 United Kingdom .. .. 114- — 371 Fish, preserved .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 428 United Kingdom. .. .. 8 Canada .. .. .. 152 United States of America .. 6 594 Fish-hooks .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 14 United Kingdom .. .. I 34 ! 48 Flour .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. ! 135 Australia .. .. .. 116 251 Fruits — Dried .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 11 Fresh .. .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 35 Canada .. .. . . 6 41 Preserved . . .. .. .. New Zealand . . . . . . .. 52 Furniture and joinery .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. .. 135 Hardware n.e.i. .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 308 United Kingdom .. .. 90 Australia . . . . .. 17 415

33

A.—3

Return of Imports into the Port of Alofi for the Year ended 31st December, 1929—continued.

5—A. 3.

Article. Whence imported. Value. _ i £ £ Hats and caps .. .. ■ .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 35 United Kingdom .. .. 31 66 Hosiery .. .. .. ... .. New Zealand .. .. .. 43 United Kingdom .. . . 15 58 Instruments — Meteorological .. .. .. .. United Kingdom .. . . . . 6 Musical .. .. .. . . .. New Zealand .. .. .. 33 United Kingdom .. .. 25 58 Surgical.. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 17 Iron—• Galvanized corrugated roofing .. .. „ .. .. .. .. 531 Pipes .. .. .. .. .. „ .. .. .... 3 Tanks .. .. .. .. .. „ .. .. .. 89 United Kingdom .. .. 5 94 Wire .. .. .. • • • • New Zealand .. .. .. .. 11 Jam .. .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. . . 44 Lamps, lanterns, &c. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 66 United Kingdom .. .. 11 77 Lace .. .. .. •. • • ,, .. .... 64 Machinery — Printing.. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 17 Radio .. .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. .. 267 Machines, sewing .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 13 United Kingdom .. .. 7 Australia .. .. .. 21 41 Matches .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 308 Western Samoa .. .. 7 — 315 Meats — Preserved .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 1,621 United Kingdom .. .. 11 1,632 Salted .. ., .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 76 Milk, preserved .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 222 United Kingdom .. .. 5 227 Motor-cars and parts .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 261 Nails .. „ 62 OilKerosene and benzine .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. 489 Western Samoa .. .. i 4 493 N.e.i. .. .. .. .. • ■ New Zealand .. .. .. 93 United Kingdom .. .. 3 96 Paint and varnish .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . .. 46 Paper, wrapping ,. .. .. .. „ .. .. .. .. 33 Perfumery n.e.i. .. .. .. .. „ .. .. .. 56 United Kingdom .. .. 6 62 Photographic materials .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 3 Pipes, tobacco .. .. .. .. ,, .. .. . . 7 United Kingdom .. .. 4 — 11 Provisions n.e.i. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. 235 United Kingdom .. ,. 17 252 Rice .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand . . .. . . 198 Australia .. .. . . 6 204

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34

Return of Imports into the Port of Alofi for the Year ended 31st December, 1929—continued.

SUMMARY. £ New Zealand .. .. .. .. .. 14,688 Western Samoa .. .. . . .. .. 333 United Kingdom .. .. .. .. .. 2,866 Australia .. .. .. . . .. .. 880 Canada .. .. .. . . .. .. 233 Fiji .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Tonga . . .. .. .. .. .. 3 United States of America .. .. .. .. 8 American Samoa .. .. .. .. .. 15 Japan .. .. .. .. .. .. 75 £19,107

Article. Whence imported. Value. £ £ Rugs . . .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. . . .. 200 Western Samoa .. .. 2 202 Saddlery and harness .. . . New Zealand .. .. . . .. 27 Silk .. .. .. .. .. „ .. .. .. 238 United Kingdom .. .. 62 Japan .. .. . . 16 316 Soap .. . . .. . . .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 259 Specie . . . . .. . . .. Western Samoa .. . . .. 200 Spirits — Brandy . . .. .. .. . . New Zealand .. .... .. 17 Whisky . . . . .. .. .. „ .. . . .... 14 Stationery and books . . . . .. „ .. . . . . 162 United Kingdom .. . . 1 Australia .. . . . . 139 302 Sugar .. . . .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 204 Tea, coffee, and cocoa .. .. .. ,, .. .. .. .. 62 Timber — Sawn . . . . .. . . .. ,, .. .. .... 240 Shooks .. .. .. .. .. „ .. .. .... 833 Tobacco, cigarettes, &c. .. .. .. ,, .. .. . . 351 Australia .. .. . . 411 762 Toilet preparations n.e.i. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 20 Western Samoa .. .. 3 United Kingdom .. . . 7 30 Tools .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. . . .. 31 Trunks and portmanteaux .. .. .. ,, .. . . 14 Western Samoa . . . . 5 United Kingdom .. .. 2 21 Umbrellas.. .. .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 27 United Kingdom .. . . 27 54 Vegetables— Fresh. .. .. .. . . .. New Zealand .. .. .. .. 29 Preserved .. .. .. .. „ .. .. .... 8 £19,107

A.—3

Return of Exports from the Port of Alofi for the Year ended 31st December, 1929.

35

Article. Exported to Quantity. Value. £ Apparel .. .. .. United Kingdom .... 4 American Samoa .. . . . . 2 '6 lb. Arrowroot .. .. .. „ .. .. 20 1 Cases. Bananas .. .. .. I New Zealand .. .. 17,434 7,983 Dozen. Baskets and kits .. .. ,, .. .. 2,831J 1,796 Western Samoa .... 33 21 United Kingdom .... 3 3 Australia.. . . .. 4 6 Norfolk Island .... 6 5 Fiji .. .. .. 29 20 American Samoa . . .. 26| 18 Hawaii .. . . .. 15 10 2,948 1,879 Cases. Coconuts .. .. .. New Zealand .... 3 1 Brushware .. .. ■ • „ .. .. .. 4 Tons. Copra .. .. .. „ .. .. 205J 3,146 Western Samoa .. .. 475| 7,562 United Kingdom .. .. 54f 944 735| 11,652 Cordage and twine .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 3 Fancy goods n.e.i. .. .. „ . . .. .. 9 Fiji .. . . .. ■ .. 9 American Samoa .. .. .. 13 Hawaii .. . . .. .. 3 34 Dozen. Fans .. .. .. New Zealand .... I 1 Fiji .. .. .. 3 3 American Samoa .... 8 6 12 10 ! lb. Fungus .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. 3,053 106 Western Samoa .. .. 3,553 116 6,606 222 Dozen. Hats .. .. . . New Zealand .. .. 564f 381 Western Samoa .... 6 3 Norfolk Island .... 4 2 574f 386 Gallons. Limejuice .. .. .. j New Zealand .... 2 1

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36

Return of Exports from the Port of Alofi for the Year ended 31st December, 1929—continued.

SUMMARY. £ New Zealand .. .. .. .. .. 13,449 Western Samoa .. .. . . .. .. 7,702 United Kingdom .. .. . . .. .. 951 Australia . . .. .. .. . . .. 6 Norfolk Island .. .. .. .. .. 7 Fiji .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 American Samoa .. .. .. .. .. 46 Hawaii .. .. .. .. . . .. 13 £22,206

Niue Island Administration. Return of Imports and Exports for the Twenty-five Years, 1905 to 1929, inclusive.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (600 copies), £48.

Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l93o.

Price ls.\

Article. Exported to Quantity. Value. Dozen. Mats, table .. .. .. American Samoa .... 20 6 Saddlery .. .. .. New Zealand .. .. .. 13 Cases. Taro ...... „ . . . 9 5 Total .... .. .. £22,206

Year. Imports. Exports. Value Year. Imports. j Exports. Value j - . £ £ £ £ £ £ 1905 .. .. 5,698 9,868 15,566 1918 .. .. 17,258 16,537 33,795 1906 .. .. 6,707 8,724 15,431 1919 .. .. 21,733 35,977 57.760 1907 .. .. 8,491 7,955 16,444 1920 .. .. 20,524 13,140 33,664 1908 .. .. 6,458 7,107 13,565 1921 .. .. 26,339 16,721 42,060 1909 .. .. 10,047 12,203 22,250 1922 .. .. 15,418 15,122 30,540 1910 .. .. 9.182 12,112 21,294 1923 .. .. 18,388 13,227 31,615 1911 .. .. 9,838 12,047 21,885 1924 .. .. 16,798 14,608 31,406 1912 .. .. 19,119 15,709 34,828 1925 .. .. 18,747 17,429 36,176 1913 .. .. 13,761 12,170 25,931 1926 .. .. 17,563 17,655 35,212 1914 .. .. 11,200 9,503 20,703 1927 .. .. 14,006 14,350 28,356 1915 .. .. 9,678 8,130 17,806 1928 .. .. 18,637 20,938 39,575 1916 .. .. 9,512 3,379 12,889 1929 .. .. 19,109 22.206 41,315 1917 .. .. 13,079 9,400 22,479