ON THE LAND.

New Zealand Herald, Volume XLIV, Issue 13479, 4 May 1907, Page 8

ON THE LAND.

THE RISING MARKET FOR CHftEfjr' : | Not the - least, cheerins; feature of at $' i c i • c ■ ■" i■ . , '*«>. h phase fit dairytarmmg m which fit*. ft ., ■:'■ |: facture of cheese- play* a prominent }*»»*■ the wonderful recovery 111 price nude ».&* the pa*.! two or three month*. The ,'!' of eh.,-, in IjOJidon ~« redded frsw-s wholesale point- of view most, to ?(*«.«,.- F limits. '1 hi* matter was also ~f, rr)( , (-.. " s a chairman of one of the railway .omj.af" ; in -tho Midland-, which drew an : .-,,„'"i I ffver.no from the .iirnap' of < he,..,. t\ -" I' explanation is that, in viow of tU Cm-,,,, i exposures, peep!,.- havi. heen d-iven -.*' I tinned food- to Other aii;ti-. < • !*.„ rue increased vain*- <.: (»,■--.•. It, „ ar( «, J wind thai blows lc- .;•>(. .-..-«), and a* rk, J nt anv case, was mootiiitr ft v.' -ii -» m«»i ,' 1;-' it is gratifving to know that it ti< .; ."' ';, to a point which has exe i, rd«d si, .. ¥ f Hoik of -fanner-. W,- tec afraid ,Q ' Uiauv farmers win. ci'ii ri,i ted f> ■,(■'! .l ." -ij': ' '■'■' >'-it <fl(* a > milk at winter prices arc nut realising '" IP mnrh a* tu'>s*-larm.-r- y,i„. turned t ; Vj< 1 summer milk into cheese. The shorty j .stocks in th.. traders' ha ml - j-< ~,„> ..» ." fo ! W si 5 ,,,. and a , UVO<>; '"'" tarsertfaS i in I.omion appear to have m* » <-.„,„,, u ;f\ able corn,,- m .mantitie,, !h „ n . is ;" prospect of the p.,,. rist«, to u ho„ t J, . In Contras, «-,.!, ,■-,., „ f t ,„, N , muil , , put. lie fact that fanner, had ;.-., ,;,,' mad© last year than for many seasons put ' J t! owing to the very arid summer and tk consequent short-ago of milk. *"' J SOIL INOCULATION. Professor Bottom ley, of Kings Collet' S . London, lias taken up flic question of •«,•} inoculation, and publishes some very _,i fc ' . resting facts on the subject. It his.loi,been known that, the food of plain-. 0 pared in the soil by -he life »ci on of cl. tain microbin organisms, while in the cue ''' of leguminous plants the microbes live is, p the tubercles on the root*. These lake & ' manurial materials, at it. were, and r*. combine the elements, so a< to make". soluble food for the plants. Tins is eipf , dally the case with the fixation of n itro- . genoufi compounds in the case of the nura- ' ing of leguminous nlant.s, .such as Ik>»r, - peas, clover, lucerne etc. Investigation |,' r ; , shown that the refusal of these crop& 7a : grow on certain fields is often due to th». : ' want, of the necessary organisms in i]. w{ \ : ' There may be plenty ot fertility, but. $' plants cannot, use it, and the. addition [j ! these will often make a crop grow « . ; poor soil. If a given crop—sav lueenie~i, ■Tabsolutely new to the soil, then the proba- 1 bility is that the proper microbes are abwt > from that &oil as well, and the plant, w jj| not. thrive, but grow stunted or die, «-i„|p a dose, of the proper microbes would mai'e'it ' I success. Usually, of course, where ln'mis I 1 peas, clover, etc.. have been ordinarily I. grown, the .soil already contains tho uetei- '" sary germs, but where a new variety \\ ■ introduced the probability i- that it will not grow satisfactorily until the soil is inocii. laved for it, for each kind need:; its own separate "culture." c A PURE MILK SOCIETY. I At the first international Dairy Congress at ,1 Brussels, in Belgium, which took place* ui' September, 1903, there was formed & society called the Federation International de Laiterie. Tho object of this society is to encourage tho progress in science and practice of dairying, and to take , tlw initiative to get legislation passed illicit h will prevent irregularities in trade with : I dairy products. The society will, on the other hand, refrain from dealing with questions affecting the economical interest" i. of the different countries. In order to' . obtain the,-desired object, the following' | course is adopted:— 1. International Dairy !;;■ §j Congresses are held in various countries |' from time to time, in order to discuss F-~ questions affecting dairy matters. 2. Kit- ,\ deavours will bo made to form international arrangements to work against dishonest methods and secure progress in re- ' spect to hygiene. 3. Endeavours will le made to hold international dairy exhiln- ij ? ions in connection with the Cong re-- 1meetings. 4. Prizes will ho given for tin ■ : most deserving works, of importance iiij" latian to the dcvelopinent of iffiaE^'VTs^. 5. Formation in the most important trade centres of special commissions, under the control of the society, for spreading inforraatioß in regard to the international trade, etc, ■ 6. Publication of a paper to keep the memhers posted with the work of the society , ! and eventually to spread knowledge in re- } gard to important inventions and events |" of international interest. 1 ' The society is administered by an, Jntr•• 'it national Commission, consisting "of national i departments, each of which follows the f, rules of its own nation. . 1 Tho International Commission is rc-pre- I son ted by a permanent International - i Bureau, with seat in. Brussels. The p.-ust- I dent is Baron Peers, who is chairman of [ the Belgium Dairy .Society. Two Belgium I gentlemen, one Austrian and one French, | are secretaries. ';;, _ The society is represented' by a delegate |" m each of the following countries:—Argen- I tine, Belgium, Denmark, England, the '; 1 United States, Franco, Holland, Italy,. I Luxembourg, Russia, Switzerland, Spain, 1 owodmi, Germany Hungary, and Austria. - '1 The second International Dairv Congress 1 took placo in Paris, in October, 1905, 'and | the third will take place at The Hague, in 11 Holland, in September" next. I Mr A. Busck, of Auckland, has just re- ''I ceived a letter from tho society, appoint- 11 nig him a delegate for New Zealand ou ' -If account of the interest he has shown in i dairy matters generally, and in regard to '|? milk hygiene in particular. Mr. Butek hut I also reewved an invitation to be present ; at tho congress at The Hague in September ' i 1 next. ' - ■ ' I; ■. si SEEDLESS ORANGES. I Who does not love* oranges ' (write-out English correspondent)? And who tvfj'iiluTrot 3 I rejoice were, they to become iJipless while. fd I retaining all their aciduous succulemSj antl' -Kj* exquisite flavour? It seemed lately as if this/.''? I, boom were within reach, but now our joy is ' dashed. There, has been a remarknblo de- ' ! velopment in the California!! seedier orange trade this season. The fruits hate entered English ports in increasing supplies, but already the public find that they are in no' way '' ■' comparable to rile juicy specimen*, with which ' •_ ' the markets were supplied five years or more. . I ago. Many of the specimens are dry. and . . ] spongy, and though the. trails maintain their . 1 seedlessness there are. disiitu t signs that they ; are running out, ami that the (pialitv of tho, ' '; fruit lias depreciated. This fact seems to show that is secured a: the expense of quality, and that tin- flesh of the ! fruits which lack seeds loses its juiciness, and bids fair in time to degenerate into a kind of vegetable sponge. The effect of seeds. ; upon succulency cannot be denied, for, " strange to say, the decreased supply of fteeda ' ! in fruits means a decreased percentage of sue- I euloncy. Fertilisation and «ee<ihness seem i? still to be absolutely necessary in the evolu- t lion of perfect, fruits. It seem-- clear thai"-'} the representatives of the sfsedlef-s race of ;i fruits .cannot he depended upon to mature j specimens of high uniform quality. There is - ■ I apparently the prospect of seedless fruits j running out and deteriorating simply from ' . seediessness. Fruiterers admit that they have '- had many complaints from customers "about the poor quality of the Calitornian seedless oranges this season. this deterioration is j causing some, concern in fruit trade circles-' ,',