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(b) Protection of forest and afforestation of unprotected watersheds where necessary, including measures for the protection of food-producing wild life, to prevent flood damage and to conserve water needed for direct human consumption and for irrigation ; (c) Building, or assisting in building, dams, terraces, and other structures to minimize the loss of soil fertility through erosion caused by wind or water ; (d) Making readily available to individual producers soil amendments, particularly phosphates and lime, that will make possible expanded production of leguminous and other soilbuilding crops ; (e) Development and employment of farming systems and husbandry practices which ensure soil conservation ; (f) Developing a programme of research designed to determine the best methods and practices for bringing about conservation of land and water resources under various conditions; (g) Developing a programme of education to inform the public generally of the importanceand need of conservation and to help producers to understand and put into practice better farming methods ; . . . 3. That the permanent organization recommended in Resolution II provide assistance by such means as — (a) Formulation of a body of principles for the conduct of soil-conservation work ; (b) Collection and interchange between nations of data and information on erosion, erosioncontrol methods, and other pertinent matters ; (c) Interchange between nations of personnel technically trained in the development of conservation research and in the application of its findings. XXI. DEVELOPMENT AND SETTLEMENT OE LAND FOR FOOD PRODUCTION Whereas : 1. If freedom from want is to be achieved throughout the world by full development of foodproducing resources, conservation of existing lands and the development of new areas must be given primary consideration ; 2. There are large areas of land capable of materially adding to the world's food-supply which can be opened to food production if transportation facilities were made available and insanitary conditions and other deterrents corrected ; 3. There are many areas of great extent not now producing or in a low state of production because of lack of water-conserving and storing facilities for irrigation, lack of drainage, frequent flooding by rivers, wastage by erosion, deficiencies of plant food, accumulation of alkali, or improper development; The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture Recommends — 1. That each nation undertake — (a) To survey its land and water resources to determine (1) in what areas, if opened to settlement, production of food cYjuki materially be increased ; (2) what areas, if supplied with additional production facilities, such as water-supply for irrigation, improved drainage, or by the correction of deterrents to production, could materially increase their production of food ; (3) the kind, extent, and economic possibility of developments necessary for this increase in food production ; (b) To develop on the basis of these findings policies of settlement and development of a programme applicable to the economic, social, agricultural, and geographical needs of the nation of which it is a part, considering— (i) Physical conditions, including (1) soils and climate, (2) health conditions, (3) transportation, and (4) clearing, irrigation, or drainage needs ; (ii) Settlement policies, including (1) the type of farming systems to be established, (2) the scale of working by plantations, small holdings, or co-operative organization of areas for production, (3) measures to prevent speculation and exploitation, and (4) financial and other assistance ; (iii) Conservation measures for sustained production of the, area, including (1) agronomic and management practices, (2) conservation structures and practices, (3) protection against alkali accumulations, and (4) measures of forest conservation and reforestation ; 2. That the necessary implementation of these policies and programmes be given through appropriate measures applicable to conditions and needs of each region or area, including — (a) A comprehensive engineering service providing for developments affecting the entire area, such as transportation, improvement of sanitary conditions, water-storage reservoirs, drainage channels, and flood protection ; ■(b) Development of a programme of sound land use, including conservation measures ; (c) Provision for technical assistance to individual producers in planning and developing the areas under their supervision ; (d) Provision for financial assistance to settlers for further development and operation ; (e) Provision for marketing produce, including necessary processing and preservation ; 3. That the permanent organization recommended in Resolution II provide assistance by such means as — (a) The interchange between nations of pertinent data and information on erosion and methods of control, land improvements, &c. ; (b) The interchange between nations of technically trained personnel to assist in the development of conservation research, &c. XXII. OCCUPATIONAL ADJUSTMENTS IN RURAL POPULATIONS The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture Recommends — I. That, in order to effect the necessary occupational adjustments in agricultural populations— (a) Agricultural efficiency should be improved and new lands brought under cultivation wherever possible

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