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XVIII. LAND TENURE AND FARM LABOUR Whereas * Agricultural productivity and efficiency and the well-being of the tiller of the soil depend largely upon the system of land tenure and conditions of farm labour ; The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture RcCOTTITYICTId/S — 1. That each nation make a careful survey of existing systems of land tenure and the other conditions of agriculture within its boundaries to ascertain whether changes in these systems and conditions are necessary or desirable to promote the productivity and efficiency of agriculture and the welfare of its workers and that special attention be given to the position of the agricultural worker as compared with that of the worker in other industries; _ . , 2. That the permanent organization recommended in Resolution. II give every assistance m this study. XIX. EDUCATION AND RESEARCH Whereas : , ~ 1. Through the inadequacy of agricultural education, existing knowledge is being very imperfectly applied to agricultural production ; 2. Man's increasing demands upon the soil can be met only by the increase of knowledge ; The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture jHcCOTYIVYICTIds—■ 1. That each nation adopt, and carry out as rapidly as conditions may permit, a policy for—(a) Strengthening and expanding the educational system of its rural areas ; (b) Training scientific workers and rural leaders for service in agriculture ; . (c) Establishing or developing systems of rural adult education (extension systems) designed to promote technical efficiency among producers, to develop understanding of rural problems, and to enrich rural life ; 2. That each nation adopt a policy of promoting research in all the branches of science, including economics, which relate to food and agriculture, and to this end co-operate actively with other nations by the exchange of knowledge, materials, and personnel; and that, in particular, each nation agree— (a) To promote research in the natural sciences and their application to problems of food and agriculture ; (b) To develop economic and sociological investigation of rural problems ; (c) To collaborate with other nations in the collecting and assembling of factual information and statistics of food and agriculture throughout the world ; 3. That, as a necessary step in securing effective action in these directions, the permanent organization recommended in Resolution II be charged with the functions , . (a) Of providing advice, and technical and other assistance, to Governments desiring this in connection with the establishment or improvement of agricultural research and education; ... (b) Of facilitating international help and exchange in the supply of information, services, material and personnel j (c) Of assisting in the planning and conduct of any research programmes upon which international collaboration has been agreed or desired; (d) Of acting as a central agency for assembling, analysing, and disseminating factual data on world agriculture ; (e) Of assisting in a comprehensive abstracting service covering the whole range of agricultural research ; (/) Of assisting scientific societies in the arrangement of international meetings. XX. CONSERVING LAND AND WATER RESOURCES Whereas i 1. Soil erosion has in the past destroyed or severely limited the utility of vast areas of land and will in the future, unless checked, constitute the greatest physical danger to the world's food production ; 2." Failure to conserve and control water-supplies and to use them efficiently has, in many areas, precluded important potential increase in food-production ; 3. To meet the food needs of the growing world population and to ensure high nutritional standards, all land in agricultural use or suitable for being brought into agricultural use should be adequately protected from erosion and from any other serious damage by various measures, including structural work and the insurance of satisfactory agricultural systems and husbandry practices ; 4. The conserving of land and water resources should be regarded as an obligation of Governments as well as individuals ; The United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture Recommends — 1. That each nation undertake— _■ , (а) To survey its land and water resources with the object of ascertaining — (i) The extent and causes of soil erosion and water losses ; (ii) The soil and moisture conservation requirements of the areas covered and the types of conservation measures most needed ; (б) To develop soil and water conservation programmes based on the findings of such surveys ; (c) To assist farmers in conserving and rebuilding the fertility of the soil; 2. That the necessary implementation of these policies be effected through appropriate economic and other measures such as — (a) Assisting individual producers in planning and carrying out crop rotations, crop sequences, and other suitable practices ;

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