DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR: EMPLOYMENT DIVISION. REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY OF LABOUR UPON ACTIVITIES AND PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION ACT, 1936.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1939 Session I, H-11a

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1939. NEW ZEALAND.

DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR: EMPLOYMENT DIVISION. REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT-SECRETARY OF LABOUR UPON ACTIVITIES AND PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION ACT, 1936.

Presented to both Houses of the, General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

REPORT.

To the Hon. the Minister of Labour. Department of Labour, Wellington, Ist July, 1939. Sir, — I have the honour to present herewith for the information of His Excellency the GovernorGeneral the report upon the activities of the Employment Division of the Department in administering the Employment Promotion Act, 1936. This report, which is complementary to that dealing with industrial and other matters, is prepared in compliance with the Labour Department Act, 1908, as amended by the Labour Department Amendment Act, 1936. The report covers the year Ist April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939, except where otherwise indicated. I have, &c., A. J. Ridler, Assistant Secretary of Labour. ADMINISTRATION. The Department's activities throughout the year have been conducted very smoothly, the procedure of direct control of district centres proving most satisfactory in handling the many aspects of unemployment relief and employment promotion. The Post and Telegraph Department continued its material assistance, and through its extensive organization was able to execute the Department's requirements in the fullest detail. While the Head Office staff of the Department had throughout most of the year been kept generally in touch with the Social Security proposals, for the last four months the participation was very active, and long hours were involved in dealing with the new Social Security work and at the same time in keeping up with normal employment duties. To cope with those benefits taking the place of sustenance, Scheme 5, and payment of allowances to those unfit for employment through ill health or other reasons, the greater part of the Department's staff was, after the 31st March, 1939, taken over by the Social Security Department. The full strength of the Employment Division staff before this change-over was 872. Of this number, 491 were transferred to the Social Security Department as from the Ist April, 1939, 19 were taken over by the Mines Department to continue the gold-mining scheme, 11 returned to the Post and Telegraph Department, the services of 117 for whom no further work could be provided in the Social Security and Mines Departments were dispensed with, and the balance of 234 continue the activities remaining with the Employment Division from the Ist April, 1939. It is pleasing to record that the Public Service Commissioner has found employment for a number of those temporary employees whose services could not be continued with the Social Security Department. The nature and scope of the schemes to be continued by the Employment Division are dealt with at a later stage in the report. While this report must, of course, deal with the Department's stewardship for the year ended the 31st March, 1939, it is probably desirable to give at this stage some indication of the organization of the Employment Division of the Labour Department and the manner in which its functions will be

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continued after the 31st March, 1939. Whereas the Department had controlled some 188 district and sub-centres, the organization now has Employment Bureaux only in the four main centres, Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, and Wellington. It does, however, maintain direct contact with the Registrars and District Agents of the Social Security Department, and through these media carries out direct control of employment and State placement work in forty-eight district offices—four District Employment Offices, fifteen Registrars, and twenty-nine District Agents. While in the four main centres there are separate Employment Bureaux and Social Security Offices, in the remaining forty-four offices the employment-promotion functions are conducted through the Social Security Department, that Department, however, being responsible direct to the Employment Division for the work performed on its behalf. The following table illustrates the new method of control: — Employment Division, Labour Department. Unemployment and Sickness Benefits Division, Social Security Department. Responsible direct to Employment Division, Labour Department, for all employment- | j promotion and State Placement Service work. Registrars— Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin. Wellington. r H. i i District Employment Officers— Registrars— District Agents— Auckland. Blenheim. Alexandra. Christchurch. Gisborne. Ashburton. Dunedin. Greymouth. Dannevirke. Wellington. Hamilton. Dargaville. Invercargill. Feilding. Masterton. Gore. Napier. Hastings. Nelson. Hawera. New Plymouth. Hokitika. Paeroa. Hutt Valley. Palmerston North. Kaikohe. Rotorua. Kaitaia. Timaru. Levin. Wanganui. Oamaru. Whangarei. Pukekohe. Queenstown. Rangiora. Riverton. Stratford. Taihape. Taumarunui. Tauranga. Te Kuiti. Thames. Waimate. Waipukurau. Wairoa. Westport. Whakatane. The Hon. H. T. Armstrong, who was appointed Minister of Labour when the present Government took office in 1935, relinquished this portfolio towards the end of last year in order to undertake duty as Minister of Housing. The Labour portfolio was taken over by the Hon. P. C. Webb on the 13th December, 1938, although for some months prior to this date the new Minister had been actively associated with matters relating to the promotion of employment. LEGISLATION. There were, during the year under review, no legislative changes in the Employment Promotion Act, 1936, although, as indicated in my last annual report, additional regulations providing for the adoption of a declaration as to industrial and occupational status, combined with an annual declaration of income other than salary or wages, became effective as from 4th April, 1938. With the coming into force of the Social Security legislation, however, the Employment Promotion Act itself was repealed under section 135 of the Social Security Act, 1938, although the Employment Promotion Fund established under the former enactment will not be abolished until the 30th September, 1939. The Employment Promotion Fund may continue to be used for any and all of the purposes for which the Fund was established—with the exception of those referred to in section 37 of the Employment Promotion Act covering payments of allowances to persons in need of assistance—but all money in the Fund at the date of its abolition will be transferred to the Social Security Fund.

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UNEMPLOYMENT POSITION. The total number of males in receipt of Scheme No. 5 rationed work-relief, sustenance, and those registered for unemployment relief at the 11th March, 1939, was only 726. In addition, there were 7,256 on sustenance unfit for employment for health or other reasons and being afforded relief from the Employment Promotion fund. The former total was made up of 77 on Scheme No. 5 and 649 ineligible for relief awaiting the expiry of the qualifying or requalifying periods. There were no males fit for employment drawing sustenance without work. This position reflects in achievement the Government's policy of putting every able-bodied male to work. The figures for the 11th March, 1939, which were presented in the usual form, were the last details relating to unemployment in New Zealand to be published in that manner. With the repeal of the Employment Promotion Act no provision exists for the Labour Department to continue its purely unemployment-relief activities. This has resulted in the discontinuance from the 31st March, 1939, of the payment of sustenance, the provision of rationed work-relief under Scheme No. 5, and the payment of sustenance to those unfit for employment for health or other reasons. The Social Security Department, from the Ist April, 1939, made provision for the payment of sickness and unemployment benefits, and the incidence of unemployment is reflected by the number in receipt of unemployment benefits provided under the Social Security Act of 1938. It is necessary at this stage to refer to the methods of presenting unemployment figures. Some years ago there was no internationally general practice in the preparation of unemployment statistics, but more recently definite principles have become established, and the Dominion practice follows the method of other Administrations which render returns to the International Labour Office at Geneva. Consequently, the value of the New Zealand figure for the purposes of international comparison is of use only if it shows the true wnemployment position and does not take into account those working full time in receipt of standard or award rates of wages. The New Zealand figures, as published, have followed international practice, but, in addition, the four-weekly expenditure for the period under the heading of "Promotion of Employment" (as distinct from relief expenditure) is also included. This expenditure may have suggested that there were more people a charge on the Employment Promotion Fund than was actually the case. The easier method of presenting only the number of persons assisted, and making no mention of the expenditure incurred in promoting employment, could have been followed, but to show in what manner the moneys from the Employment Promotion Fund have been disbursed it will be of assistance to those who in future may be called upon to write the history of the present times to know to what extent employment with State aid whether by way of public or local-body works, land-development, forestry, &c., was provided for those untrained and unskilled units for whom jobs could not be found in the existing industrial fabric. It is a matter of interest that the average unemployment figure over the period 1901-21 was 8,150. To the extent that these details have been kept, and to record the position faithfully as it has been known to the administrators, Table YII in the Appendix shows the progress of unemployment under the four main headings from 1931 to March, 1939. In whatever form the unemployment figures are published, the true measure ot the extent of unemployment as it existed until 31st March, 1939, is represented by the total number who are without a contract of employment —i.e., sustenance men, Scheme No. 5, and those who are registered for work but ineligible to receive relief for various reasons. Men in full-time employment, the numbers of whom are recorded in Table VII merely for statistical purposes, cannot be classed as unemployed even though the industry or occupation in which they are engaged may be receiving a stimulus from the Employment Promotion Fund. To obtain a clearer appreciation of how far the unemployment position has been improved it must be recalled that, by raising the maximum permissible income provisions, unemployment relief naturally became available to a greater number of people. The increased sustenance rates instituted early in 1936 also attracted to unemployment relief a section of the community which before had not availed itself of this assistance. In addition, the regulations governing the payment of sustenance were so relaxed as to permit of assistance being granted to those unfit for employment for health or other reasons. Notwithstanding the greater field to which unemployment relief applied, the figures for November, 1935, including those working full time with the aid of subsidies from the Employment Promotion Fund, and November, 1938, offer a striking contrast, as the following table will show. The figures for March, 1939, are also shown for further comparison :—

To obtain sustenance previously applicants had to be fit to undertake manual work, and the 14,544 of November, 1935, are not to be compared with the 7,583 unfit recorded for November three years later. Previously, those unfit persons who, by reason of their infirmities, could not qualify for sustenance payments were required to obtain any desired assistance from Hospital Boards, relief organizations, &c.

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November. November, March, 1935. ' 1938. 1939. («) .Registered but ineligible for relief .. . . •. 1,825 507 649 (b) Receiving rationed work-relief under Scheme No. 5 .. 19,610 519 77 (c) Receiving sustenance without work .. .. .. 14,544- 7,583* 7,256* (id) In full-time employment with the aid of subsidies from 21,267 28,77.1. 24,087 the Employment Promotion Fund Totals V 57,246 37,380 32,069 * Unfit for employment for health or other reasons.

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In 1933-34 there were some live to six thousand single men in land-development, forestry, and public-works camps receiving about 10s. per week and keep for manual labour; married men were, paid from £1 17s. 6d. to £2 10s. per week. To-day road-making, land-development, and forestrywork is paid for at standard rates of wages. As previously mentioned, it is an advantage to show at this stage to what extent the Employment Promotion Fund has been used to promote employment, and for this reason the circumstances have been fully set out in Table VII of the Appendix ; but the figure of unemployment is still that which represents those people for whom work is not available and who, pending their absorption into employment, are receiving from the State a measure of unemployment-relief assistance amounting to a lesser figure than the reward for full-time employment under existing industrial conditions. PROMOTION OF EMPLOYMENT. As from Ist April last this Division ceased to provide financial assistance to industry generally, but continued the provision of. subsidized labour for restoration of flood, &c., damage, as well as providing assistance enabling the training under Scheme 16 of carpenters, joiners, and bricklayers. Unremitting endeavours have been made to arrange full-time employment for unemployed physically fit men, generous subsidies having been made available to local bodies for this purpose : this policy is being continued. The abolition of the Employment Promotion Fund involves dependence upon other funds, and because of this it has become necessary to review the condition of subsidies. With a view to compensating for a shortage of youths and absorbing a greater number of adults in normal private employment, a plan is being developed whereunder the Department would subsidize the wages of physically fit and otherwise suitable young men during a period of training. This is considered a particularly desirable move, inasmuch as success will endow each individual with a permanent occupational asset and ultimately render him independent of State assistance while yet further meeting the call of industry for skilled operatives. The development of such a plan is not unattended with difficulties, but it is expected that these will be met in discussion with representatives of all organizations concerned. Any statement in connection with the promotion of employment would be incomplete without brief reference to the general conditions governing the granting of subsidies to employing authorities for full-time subsidized employment known as Scheme 13. In order to give effect to the policy of placing all fit unemployed men in full-time work, subsidies are made available to local authorities —City and Borough Councils, County Councils, River and Drainage Boards, School Committees, sports bodies, and other social institutions not established forprofit—for the full-time employment of registered and eligible labour at award rates of pay on developmental works which would not be put in hand without State assistance. The works undertaken include the formation, widening, metalling, &c., of streets and roads ; footpath construction, kcrbing, and channelling; local-body water-supply and sewerage schemes; land-drainage, river-clearing, river protection, &c., afforestation; formation, levelling, improvements, &c., to parks, reserves, domains, school-grounds, hospital-grounds, &c. ; flood-damage restoration. Subsidies approved under the scheme range from £1 10s. and £2 ss. per man-week for single and married men respectively to, in some cases, the full wages cost. The men are employed under ordinary industrial conditions, and are paid in terms of the award to which the employing authority is a party. In cases where an employer is not cited as a party to an award the work is carried out under the conditions and at the rates of pay prescribed by the Public Works Workers' agreement, 1936, It has always been an essential condition of employment on full-time subsidized work under Scheme 13 that the applicant must be registered and eligible to receive unemployment relief. This condition continues to apply, with the result that, on the coming into operation of the Social Security legislation, men of sixty years and over who are entitled to receive an age benefit under the Act are not eligible for placement on Scheme 13. Nevertheless, an exception is made in the cases of those men of sixty years and over whose wives are not eligible in their own right for a Social Security benefit or who are widowers and have one or more dependent children under sixteen years of age. Such men are still regarded as eligible for placement under the scheme provided that they are fit to undertake sustained manual work of the type offering and that they forego the age benefit for themselves and their dependants. Where insufficient work is offering in the urban centres to give employment to all fit registrants, preference of employment is, for obvious reasons, given to married men, and endeavours are made to place the single men on work of a national character subsidized or otherwise. EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION FUND. Details of the receipts and payments for the year ended 31st March, 1939, are contained in the audited statement as per Table V of the Appendix hereto, while a summarized comparison of the figures for the year under review with those of previous years is set out in Table I. The year commenced with a balance of £1,158,890. The revenue received during the year amounted to £5,522,462, as against £5,145,101 for the previous year, an increase of £377,361. The sum of £468,588 was received from the registration levy, £3,340,406 from wages-tax, £1,652,208 from the charge on " other income," and £61,260 from penalties for late payment of the levy, interest, and other miscellaneous receipts. Compared with the previous year the revenue from employment charge increased by £336,449, which represents an increase of 7-23 per cent. The increase in the revenue from wages-tax was £312,916, or 10-33 per cent. This represents an increase of £9,387,480 during the year ended 31st March, 1939, in the amount of salaries and wages paid to persons liable for the tax, as compared with an increase of £12,000,000 in the year ended 31st March, 1937, and £13,100,000 in the year ended 31st March, 1938. The increase in the revenue from the special charge on " other income " as compared with the collections for the financial year ended 31st March, 1938, is £23,533, or 1-44 per cent. This represents an increase of £70'5,9'90 during the year ended 31st March, 1938,-in the incomes liable for this charge.

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As the charge on income other than salary or wages is not payable until the year following that in which it is actually received, the amount received by way of " other income " during the year ended 31st March, 1.939, will not be available until returns for the year have been fully analysed. The payments from the Fund during the year amounted to £6,4-73,808, an increase of £2,234,352 as compared with the previous year. During the past year the policy of placing all physically fit men in full-time employment on useful works of a national or local character has been vigorously pursued, and expenditure amounting to £4,595,290 was incurred in the promotion of full-time employment. Increases are also shown under the heading of "Assistance to Industry" (£118,459) and "Loans" (£65,407), while reductions have been effected under almost all other headings. The payment of sustenance allowances to persons who, for health or other reasons, were unfit for sustained employment absorbed the sum of £667,149. The balance remaining in the Fund at the end of the year was £207,544-. The major portion of this balance will be absorbed in the payment of outstanding commitments at the 31st March, 1939, and as no further revenue will be payable into the Employment Promotion Fund provision for expenditure to be incurred in the promotion of full-time employment will in future be subject to appropriation by Parliament in terms of the Public Revenues Act, 1926. FARM SCHEMES. Scheme No. 4a : Farm-labour Assistance. The object of the original scheme was to provide labour from'the unemployed ranks for carrying out productive work on farm lands. Farmers willing to employ additional hands were offered the opportunity of obtaining registered unemployed labour, the selection of men being made by the local Unemployment Committee. The farmer and the worker arranged the rate of pay, and the then Unemployment Board subsidized the actual wages up to 15s. a week for a single man and £1 ss. a week for a married man, a condition being that the farmer found the man in board and lodging and housing where necessary. The periods of subsidized employment varied from four to twenty-six weeks. The scheme commenced in March, 1931, and ceased in March, 1935, but was continued for a further twelve months only in a few special cases. The amount expended from the Unemployment Fund was £504,453, and throughout the operation of the scheme the numbers engaged were 10,886 single men and 13,119 married men. Assistance to farmers engaged upon their own properties was commenced in June, 1932. In many cases smaller farms had not reached that stage of production where the returns in cash or kind were sufficient to provide the bare necessities, and a measure of relief was necessary to avoid forcing the holders into abandoning their properties. This applied particularly to those cases where the properties were practically totally undeveloped and the farmer had little or no stock. Periods of assistance were approved up to thirteen weeks, with renewals of this term where necessary. The rates of sustenance payable to Scheme 4a recipients at the 31st March 1939 were— £ s. d. Single man . . . . .. . . . . .. . . 015 0 Married man, wife only .. .. .. .. .. ..150 Married man, wife and one child . . . . . . .. ..190 Married man, wife and two children . . . . . . ..1130 Married man, wife and three children . . . . . . . . 117 0 Married man, wife and four children . . . . . . . . ..210 Married man, wife and five children .. .. .. .. ..250 Married man, wife and six children . . .. .. . . ..290 Married man, wife and seven children or more .. .. .. ..2130 These rates have since been increased in certain directions to conform with scales paid under the Social Security Act. The amount expended over the period 1932-39 was £139,937, and the scheme gave employment to 4,368 married men and 781 single men. Scheme .No. 4f : Development of Farm Lands. Scheme 4b was also commenced in April, 1.931, for the purpose of stimulating employment by granting a subsidy to farmers to undertake developmental work which they could not consider doing with their own resources with registered and eligible unemployed workers. This class of work is carried out on a co-operative contract basis. The maximum subsidy was originally 33§ per cent., but this was soon increased to 50 per cent.; from Ist February, 1939, the subsidy was further increased up to a maximum of 75 per cent, of the labour cost of the contract. The work carried out includes bushfelling, scrub-cutting, rush-grubbing, stumping and logging, draining, clearing noxious weeds, fencing, and other development work. Since the inception of the scheme approximately 35,200 men have been employed, and the subsidies paid total £424,495. As this amount represents probably less than half the labour cost of the work done, it will be seen that the total expenditure on labour, tools, material, &c., must be considerably in excess of £1,000,000, and apart from the excellent avenue for employment which it affords its contribution to the production of the country is apparent. It is pleasing to note that at present many farmers are availing themselves of the scheme, and indications are that the present year will see a substantial revival of interest in this form of assistance. This excellent result is due to a large extent to the earnest co-operation which has been extended at all times by the field staff of the Department of Lands and Survey, and it is fitting to record here this Department's appreciation of the service. Scheme No. 4f : Subsidized Farm Training. This scheme was introduced in July, 1937, for the purpose of encouraging farmers, by means of a subsidy, to engage inexperienced unemployed single youths and men between the ages of eighteen, and twenty-five years. It was terminated on 31st March, 1938, and resulted in the employment of 648 men.

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Small-farm Plan. Under this scheme an allowance up to £1 per week was made available to the occupiers of smallfarm allotments to assist them in meeting living-expenses. The scheme has been attended with excellent results, as the measure of assistance made available has enabled many of the occupiers to carry on until such time as their properties have been providing sufficient income to enable them to become self-supporting. As at 31st March, 1938, £72,450 was granted to 839 occupiers. Assistance by this Department has, however, been terminated as at this date, and the scheme will in future be administered entirely by the Department of Lands and Survey. CHRISTMAS AND NEW YEAR RELIEF, 1938-39. The concessions usually granted to unemployment-relief recipients at Christmas were repeated during the 1938-39 holiday season, the expenditure in this direction being £32,845, as compared with £45,730 in 1937. A Christmas bonus of £2 for married men and £1 for single men was granted to all those who were on sustenance or in receipt of part-time work-relief in the week ended 3rd December or who became eligible for relief in either of the following three weeks and had actually been in receipt of assistance under one of the above relief measures at any time during the preceding three months. Men employed on part-time relief works, those on the gold-prospecting scheme, and certain special classes of workers were granted a holiday of two weeks on full pay in addition to the Christmas bonus. Where men were employed on full-time relief works (Scheme 13) at standard rates of pay and the whole of the wages cost was met from the Employment Promotion Fund, the works were closed down for the two weeks ended 31st December and 7th January, and the men were paid such holiday pay as had accrued due to them under the particular award or agreement under which they were working. Where such holiday pay amounted to less than the equivalent of two weeks' sustenance, an ex gratia payment was made to supplement the holiday pay to the sustenance allocation. In those cases where the Department was not meeting the full wages cost of Scheme 13 works, the question of holidays was left largely to the discretion of the employing authorities, but where the men received less by way of holiday pay and wages in the above two weeks than the equivalent of two weeks' sustenance, then an ex gratia payment was made to supplement their income from wages and holiday pay to the sustenance allocation. The concessions thus granted to full-time workers ensured that all men were paid for holidays legally due to them, and that no man received less than the equivalent of two weeks' sustenance. RECORD OF PAYMENT OF SUSTENANCE. With the coming into force of the Social Security Act from the Ist April, 1939, and the payment thereunder of unemployment benefits, the method formerly adopted of administering State relief to unemployed persons lapsed. This form of relief (" sustenance ") extended generally from October, 1933, to the end of March, 1939. Originally, applicants for relief were obliged to perform some kind of work in return for their relief pay, but towards the end of 1933 it became evident that local employing authorities, particularly in the main urban areas, where the majority of relief workers were domiciled, were meeting greater difficulties, both from a financial point of view in meeting supervision and other costs and in finding suitable work. Some local bodies, also, were finding that all their useful works of a nature applicable to the absorption of relief labour were rapidly nearing completion. From this state of affairs it would have been only a short step to the employment of relief workers on essential jobs in the nature of ordinary maintenance, and the only practicable alternative which arose was the granting of sustenance payments without work. A scale of sustenance payments ranging from 10s. per week to £1 16s. per week in the four main centres and from 7s. 6d. per week to £1 10s. per week in secondary centres was instituted as a trial, it being the policy that no worker placed on sustenance should receive more as a sustenance payment than the amount for which he would ordinarily have been eligible as a relief worker. With the general revision of relief rates in January, 1935, the scale of sustenance payments was increased throughout ; also provision was made for a third division applicable to smaller centres where the introduction of sustenance was considered to be desirable. A further general increase in sustenance payments took effect from the Ist July, 1935, with the addition of a bonus of 2s. per week for single men and 3s. per week for married men. From the 2nd March, 1936, all districts were placed on an equal footing with the four main centres, in which previously the relief rates had been higher. This resulted in an increase of 4s. 6d. per week for single men and 6s. per week for married men in the country districts, and an increase of 2s. per week for single men and 3s. for married men in the secondary towns. Then, as from the Ist June, the sustenance rates were further substantially increased in all districts. Again as from the 30th November, 1936, single men were granted an increase of 3s. per week and married men 6s. per week. While no further actual increase in rates was made in so far as those classes of recipients ranging from single men to married men with seven or more children were concerned, it was arranged from the 31st January, 1938, to extend the classification from " I " (a married man with seven or more children) to "M " (a married man with eleven or more children). This resulted in increasing the previous maximum of the sustenance scale (£3 35.) to £3 19s. per week. The progress of the increases from January, 1935, together with those effected subsequently, are traversed in the table appearing below. The full details concerning the payment of sustenance over the years 1934-39 have been presented in this report in order that this aspect of unemployment history may be finally and succinctly recorded.

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Record of Various Sustenance Rates from 1934 to 1939.

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(All figures refer to rate per week). 1934. 28th January, 1935. 1st July, 1935. One' j j— t ] Scale for j nnft 30th 31st Classification. Secondary ' Secondary „ Ma j. n 19*36'Til Four Main Secondary Four Main Centres Smaller Four Main Cities Smaller econdary Centres. J, ' f' i Centres. Towns. Centres, and Larger Towns. Centres. and ' Centres. „ ar) ,, Centres. Centres. Towns Towns. ® maUer I owns. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Single man .. .. .. .. 0 10 00760 12 00 10 00760 14 00 12 00960 14 00 17 0 100 100 Married man with wife only .. .. 1000 17 61100 18 00 15 01401100 18 01401901 15 01 15 0 Married man with wife and one child .. 130 106 150 1200 19 0 180 150 120 180 1 13 0 1 19 0 1 19 0 Married man with wife and two children .. 160 130 190 160 130 1 12 0 190 160 1 12 0 1 17 0 230 230 Married man with wife and three children .. 180 150 1 13 0 1 10 0 170 1 16 0 1 13 0 1 10 0 1 16 0 210 270 270 Married man with wife and four children 1 10 0 170 1 15 0 1 12 0 190 1 18 0 1 15 0 1 12 0 1 18 0 250 2 11 0 2 11 0 Married man with wife and five children .. 1 12 0 1 10 0 1 17 0 1 14 0 1 11 0 200 1 17 0 1 14 0 200 290 2 15 0 2 15 0 Married man with wife and six children .. 1 14 0 1 10 0 1 19 0 1 16 0 1 13 0 220 1 19 0 1 16 0 220 2 13 0 2 19 0 2 19 0 Married man with wife and seven children .. 1 16 0 1 10 0 210 1 18 0 1 15 0 240 210 1 18 0 240 2 17 0 330 330 Married man with wife and eight children .. 1 16 0 1 10 0 210 1 18 0 1 15 0 240 210 1 18 0 240 2 17 0 330 370 Married man with wife and nine children .. 1 16 0 1 10 0 210 1 18 0 1 15 0 240 210 1 18 0 240 2 17 0 330 3 11 0 Married man with wife and ten children .. 1 16 0 1 10 0 210 1 18 0 1 15 0 240 210 1 18 0 240 2 17 0 330 3 15 0 Married man with wife and eleven or more children 1 16 0 1 10 0 210 1 18 0 1 15 0 240 210 1 18 0 240 2 17 0 330 3 19 0

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SICKNESS ALLOWANCES. The sickness payments which were made from the Employment Promotion Fund in special cases prior to Ist April, 1939, have been discontinued as from that date, as such cases are now provided for by way of sickness benefits under the Social Security Act. UNEMPLOYED WOMEN AND GIRLS. As the Social Security Act makes provision for the granting of unemployment benefits to females on the same basis as for males, the special arrangement which existed up to 31st March, 1939, whereby assistance was granted to unemployed women and girls through the medium of Women's Employment Committees was terminated as at that date. All applications for assistance by unemployed females are now dealt with directly by the district offices of the Social Security Department. The enrolment for employment and the placement of females still remains a function of this Department, and the work is now being carried out by the various Placement Officers and, in the four main centres, by the Youth Centres in the case of girls. It is only fitting that reference should be made in this report to the lengthy association between the Department and the various Women's Employment Committees, and to record the fact that over a period of some seven years these committees carried out a difficult task in a most efficient manner. The members of the committees acted in an entirely honorary capacity, and unselfishly devoted a good deal of their private time to the betterment of the position of those women and girls who were unfortunately unemployed. The voluntary service rendered by the lady members of these committees is deeply appreciated. STATE PLACEMENT SERVICE. During the period 31st January, 1938, to 31st March, 1939, the State Placement Service has continued to enjoy the confidence of workers and employers. By administrative planning and careful attention to all who have had need of its services it has gained the position of a Dominion clearing-house for labour. The social and economic value of placement activity, demonstrated by the widespread and numerous calls made upon the Placement Service, warranted the adoption of the Service as a permanent feature of the State organization. Beyond the arrangements made by the Government for assisting building tradesmen to come to New Zealand, the control of unassisted immigration has been a responsibility of the State Placement Service, first through correspondence with seekers of information in all parts of the world and secondly through the referral of immigrant enrolees to employment. The work of dovetailing, by special arrangement, farm and seasonal labour requirements with labour-supplies continues to be performed, as does that of effecting the placement of partially disabled workers and that also of industrially rehabilitating many so-called unemployables. PLACEMENT STATISTICS. As pointed out in previous reports, placements recorded indicate " positions filled." In some cases the one individual may have re-enrolled and been placed several times during the year. Placements during the years 1936 (part), 1937, 1938, and 1939 (first three months) were—

Table IX of the Appendix shows the distribution among provinces of positions filled during the twelve months, Ist January, to 31st December, 1938, while it also gives the comparable figures for the first quarter of the current year, 1939. Table X indicates the origin according to provinces of all enrolments in the two periods the 31st January to 31st December, 1938, and Ist January to 31st March, 1939. Table Xl of the Appendix gives details of the distribution amongst industrial groups of all enrolments and all placements recorded during the same periods —viz., 31st January to 31st December, 1938, and Ist January to 31st March, 1939. It will be observed that, whereas placements are recorded —both in this table and in Table IX of the appendix—for the periods Ist January to 31st December, 1938, and Ist January to 31st March, 1939, enrolments, on the other hand, are shown as far as the former period is concerned from 31st January to 31st December only. Table XT, depicting enrolment and placement movements between the various industrial groups in respect of the former period, also commences as from 31st January, 1938, and not Ist January as in the case of the figures relating to positions filled. The system of recording enrolments was revised last year,

8

1936: 1937: j 1938: 1939 : May January j January January Total to to | to to to Date. December. December. December. March. I Permanent (of three months duration and over) .. 9,530 17,650 12,885 3,204 43,269 Temporary (over one week but less than three months) 5,384 12,051 9,416 2,598 29,449 Casual (up to one week) .. .. .. .. 4,329 17,092 17,354 4,285 43,060 Totals.. .. .. .. .. 19,243 46,793 39,655 10,087 115,778 (N.B.—This table excludes placements with Government Departments and those of females into private employment.)

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as a result of which all men who were enrolled with the Placement Service before 29th January, 1938, were deemed, on the first occasion when they reported or re-enrolled after that date, to be new enrolees ; and this accounts for the non-inclusion of January enrolments in Table X. In Table XI, to render the figures relating to positions filled comparable with those depicting enrolments, the period 31st January to 31st December (as far as the year 1938 is affected) has been adhered to throughout. In the next annual report it will be possible to show all figures for the entire calendar year as well as those for the first quarter of 1940. The total placements effected during the calendar year 1938, 39,655, show a decline on the figures for the previous whole year of approximately 7,000 ; and if average monthly placements are examined it is found that during 1938, monthly placements of approximately 3,300 were recorded, as against 3,900 in 1937 and 3,300 in that portion of the current year for which figures are available. These figures indicate not that the Placement Service is doing less valuable work than it did in 1937, but that the labour-market has become more stable. Enrolments (exclusive of re-enrolments) from 31st January to 31st December of 1938 totalled 69,415, and for the period Ist January to 31st March, 1939, 36,927. The comparative increase on the 1938 enrolments shown in the figures for the first quarter of the present year is explained by the enrolment for the first time of approximately 17,000 workers then in. subsidized employment. In Table Xa of the Appendix of last year's report enrolments were shown mistakenly as 55,927 for the period Ist April, 1937, to 31st May, 1938. Actually statistics of this kind were compiled only from 31st July, 1937, so that the figure of 55,927 shown in last year's report represented enrolments for ten months, and not fourteen as suggested by the table in question. Enrolments over the last two odd years could then be said to be relatively stable. During the period 31st January to 31st December, 1938, Auckland Province records the largest number of enrolments, 23,081, an excess of roughly 8,000 over the next province, Wellington; 9,500 over the third province, Canterbury; and 14,000 over Otago Province. Wellington Province, on the other hand, over the whole year claims the highest number of positions filled, 12,625, Auckland being second only with 11,266, Otago occupying third place with 6,481, and Canterbury being but fourth with 4,040 positions filled. The detailed statement showing the movement of enrolments and placements between industries (Table XI of the Appendix) furnishes valuable information on the direction and extent of industrial activity during the periods surveyed—3lst January to 31st December, 1938, and Ist January to 31st March, 1939. In the former period a total of 86,194 new enrolments and 28,466 re-enrolments from industry are recorded. These enrolment figures in no way serve as a basis of comparison with the enrolment figures for the same period shown in Table X of the Appendix, because the figures in Table XI show enrolments for the first time from all the industrial groups listed, and many persons reporting on the second or third occasion during the year having come from employment of a particular nature for the first time have figured as new enrolments from the industrial groups Concerned, notwithstanding that in reporting to the Placement Office they are really re-enrolling. This explanation accounts for at least several thousand of the enrolments shown as "For the first time from industry during the year." Re-enrolments from industry for the portion of the year 1938, standing at 28,466, give a very fair indication of the extent to which the State Placement Service is used by persons obtaining employment of a temporary or casual nature only. Placements into industry as shown by Table XI of the Appendix total 70,714, the difference in placements between this number and that shown on Table IX, as well as that in the table appearing earlier in this section, being accounted for by the fact that the figure 70,714 includes many thousands of positions filled with local bodies, State Departments, &c., and is not, as in the case of the other returns mentioned, confined to placements in private industry. In the second period covered by Table XI —viz., the first quarter of the current year—new enrolments total 39,042 and re-enrolments 5,733. The remarks explaining the inflation of the new enrolments during the 1938 period also apply to the new enrolments during the first three months of 1939. Furthermore, new enrolments in this latter period are augmented to the extent of the 17,000 referred to in the remarks already made in connection with the enrolment figures for the first quarter of the current year appearing in Table X of the Appendix. Important conclusions can be drawn from Table XI regarding trends in industrial activity in the more significant industrial groups of the Dominion's economy. Group No. 24 (building and construction) shows new enrolments from 31st January to 31st December, 1938, totalling 6,692 and re-enrolments 2,753. Positions filled during the same period amount in this group only to 5,438. " A " grade tradesmen in the industrial group have been and are yet in short supply, therefore the conclusion that a number of building artisans enrolled with the State Placement Service have been able to place themselves without the aid of the Service is invited. All farm groups —2a (cropping), 2b (dairy, pig, and cattle), 2c (mixed), 2d (sheep), and 2e (other farming) —show enrolments much in excess of placements, but in view of the seasonal nature of these occupations and the shortage of labour felt in them during the summer months it is apparent that enrolees of these kinds are able to be absorbed to a great extent into seasonal employment without the actual assistance of the State Placement Service. This conclusion is also very well demonstrated in the comparative number of enrolments and placements in group 8 (meat freezing and preserving), an industry in which workers generally have an understanding with the various companies regarding employment-commencing dates. Group 32 (water transport) shows high enrolments and re-enrolments, with correspondingly high placements. Considering the casual nature of wharf labouring, which is included in this group, the near correspondence of placements and enrolments can be understood.

2—H. 11 A.

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Near correspondence of placements with enrolments and re-enrolments is also shown in groups 25 and 26 (national, public, and local-body works respectively), and this is accounted for by the fact that as placements of both kinds are generally made through the Department the opportunities for self-placement in either field are small. Enrolments and re-enrolments for group 35 (commerce, dealing in commodities) considerably exceed placements in the same group for both periods surveyed in Table XI, possibly suggesting the increasing rationalization of the New Zealand economy, a process associated with a comparative reduction of the number of workers engaged in operations intermediary to the actual production and consumption of goods. Farm-labour Provision. The system whereby surplus agricultural labour is dovetailed, through Head Office administration, with unsatisfied demand has continued to be used with gratifying results during the past dairying season. No opportunity has been lost to place the State Placement Service at the disposal of farmers and farm workers, and the extent to which both are patronizing the Placement Offices is proof that they value the assistance of the Service. Notwithstanding the efficiency of a Dominion administration of farm placements, many farmers have during the dairying season been unable to procure labour of the kind they have been seeking, although in the winter months the difficulty is not to find farm-hands, but to find farm work for the farm hands available. Much of the difficulty encountered by farmers in finding labour during the height of the dairying season is attributable to the fact that the demand is mainly for experienced single men or youths, in both of which classes of workers a shortage exists. Unfortunately, relatively few farmers are able to supply suitable accommodation for married workers, and this aspect is an important factor in the alleged shortage of farm labour, whilst another is the greater attractions of other seasonal employment. The officers of the Placement Service have made unabated efforts to interest youths and young men of the right type in farming as a career, and a farm-assistance scheme whereby the engagement of inexperienced youths has been subsidized for a limited period has been administered, but with numerical results less favourable than was anticipated following repeated complaints of shortage of labour. Placement of Disabled Men, and Welfare Work. Added to the more obvious functions of the State Placement Service has been considerable work of a welfare nature necessary to place disabled, indigent, and semi-subnormal workers in industry. This work has involved arrangements for the provision of clothing and accommodation for destitute enrolees, special endeavours to obtain suitable employment for disabled and semi-subnormal workers, and, where it has been necessary, negotiations with Hospital Boards for pre-plaeement medical attention. The number of cases of this type handled annually by the Placement Service is well over a thousand, and when it is realized that in dealing with them much more time and effort is involved than in dealing with ordinary enrolees an idea of the responsibility of this facet of the Service's labours can readily be formed. In this socio-economic work the State Placement Service has had very valuable co-operation from Hospital Boards, religious organizations, and philanthropic institutions, while it has, of course, been assisted by employers, who, to an extent, setting aside economic considerations, have gone out of their way to create opportunities for the industrial absorption or rehabilitation of disabled and subnormal workers. Shortage of Skilled Labour. During the period under review the shortage of skilled labour, to which allusion was made in last year's report, has continued to be felt. In the building and in certain of the engineering trades this shortage has been acute, and it has now become evident in some of the manufacturing industries which are endeavouring to expand local production. Apart from the many ordinary apprenticeships which have been contracted in the skilled trades, the State Placement Service initially arranged, in the year 1938, 468 special apprenticeships and in the first quarter of 1939 a further 97 of such engagements. (N.B.- —A special apprenticeship relates to a contract drawn in respect of an apprentice of eighteen years of age or over, a type of apprenticeship for various reasons not favoured by every employer.) The total number of apprenticeships of this kind arranged to date through the State Placement Service is 842. These special apprenticeships have been the outcome of a campaign conducted by the Service with the dual object of absorbing into industry those older youths between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five years who had lost their opportunity in consequence of the depression, and. of overcoming, to a certain extent, the shortage of skilled workers in the various building and engineering trades. Scheme No. 16.—This scheme, under which approved short-term adult apprenticeships and traineeships in the carpentering and bricklaying trades are subsidized by the State, was launched in September, 1937. The number of engagements current under the scheme at 31st March of this year was 438. Actually the number of apprenticeships efiected under the scheme considerably exceeds that yet current, a number of contracts having lapsed on account of dissatisfaction on the part of either the worker or the employer, change of residence of the apprentice, and, it is presumed, the ability of certain of the more adaptable adult apprentices to command a journeyman's rate of pay before their full apprenticeship term had been served. At 31st March of this year the subsidy disbursements under Scheme No. 16 since its inception in September, 1937, totalled £12,650. In addition to this expenditure, no fewer than 125 of the apprentices whose circumstances were needy were assisted by the Department to purchase tools of trade. This has been done by loans advanced by the Department and refunded by the apprentices out of wages —£562 ss. 9d. had been advanced by the Department as at 31st March, 1939, for this purpose,

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Special arrangements were also made to enable Scheme No. 16 apprentices to secure technical tuition and thereby be better able to use the shorter apprenticeship term for which they were indentured to become journeymen of skill comparable with that possessed by artisans who had served the usual apprenticeship term in the same trades. # Importation of Skilled Labour.—lt has for some time been evident that, unless the Dominions force of building artisans could be speedily augmented to a considerable extent, the housing requirements of the community could not be met. The Government's housing-construction programme, together with accelerated private building activity, had virtually absorbed every available first-class building artisan, but despite this it was apparent that a housing programme of the magnitude aimed at bv the Government could not be implemented without additional building artisans. \\ orkers of the builder's labourer type were not, and are not, in short supply; indeed many men working as carpenters in the Dominion to-day have never served a trade apprenticeship, and have graduated by experience from the ranks of the unskilled. _ Scheme No. 16 will assist in eventually overcoming the shortage of carpenters and bricklayers, but its effectiveness has been limited by the unwillingness of many building contractors to engage adult apprentices and by the considerable time which must elapse before apprentices under the scheme are capable of performing the work of a journeyman. . . .... In this situation the Government, early in this year, decided to import a number of building artisans from other parts of the Empire. To this end Mr. J. Hodgens M.P., visited Australia and engaged building tradesmen fpr work on the State housing scheme. Of the 384 artisans engaged 258 were carpenters, 23 bricklayers, 38 painters, 15 plumbers, 5 electricians, 3o plasterers, and 0 roof-tilers In addition to the building tradesmen recruited in Australia, some hundreds of such artisans are being encouraged from England by the Government through the High Commissioner s 0 C These imported tradesmen have proved good workmen, and their presence in New Zealand will tend to ease the labour shortage both directly and indirectly-indirectly because employers should be able to increase the number of apprentices which they are, m accordance with the prescribed proportion of apprentices to journeymen, permitted to engage. , Skilled-labour Shortage and Industrial Expansion.—The expansion of domestic manufacturing industries is an important feature of the Government's economic administration, and local industries have been encouraged, first through tariff adjustments, and secondly through import selection, to increase their productivity. It was to be expected in these circumstances that the force of manufacturing operatives, which in past years was sufficient, would now not be so, and such has been the LCISL In the boot and shoe and textile industries, to mention only two of the more important local manufacturing industries, the shortage of skilled operatives has become pronouncec. Discussions are in train between the Government and the Manufacturers Federation on the one hand and between the Government and the Federation of Labour on the other, with the object of devising a means of overcoming the lack of skilled workers in industry m general, and of diverting the many men in subsidized employment who are capable of being trained to jobs in industry, where thev will be directly engaged in the production of consumers' goods. Meantime the State Placement Service has instituted a thorough survey of all men on public works and m subsidized employment, and where workers have been found with unused trade ability they have been reabsorbed into private industry. Immigration Activities. The Placement Service has played an important role in drafting immigrant workers into employment. In respect of the building artisans directly encouraged to come to New Zealand the Service has collaborated with the Industrial Division of the Department and the Housing Construction Department in referring these workers to employment on the Government s housing scheme, and m many instances in assisting the men to procure suitable accommodation. In addition to the particular overseas artisans engaged by the Government, increasing numbers of immigrants have sought the assistance of the State Placement Service. Besides those who have actually immigrated, many persons interested in the Dominion have communicated with the Department seeking information regarding the employment situation and the general living conditions obtaining in New Zealand. In dealing with these inquiries the Department has collated information which enables it to answer correspondents quickly and authoritatively. Often the information volunteered by intending immigrants is incomplete, and in these instances an employment questionnaire is despatched to the inquirers. . . , , A factor which, without doubt, has prevented many correspondents from immigrating has been the widespread housing shortage in the Dominion. Immigration on a large scale cannot be feasible until the leeway in dwelling construction has been overtaken and houses are available for the immigrants and their dependants, whom later it is expected will be absorbed into the economic and social life of the Dominion. , Not all immigrants enrol at Placement Offices, but a perusal of Tables XII and XIII annexed to this report will indicate in some measure the extent to which the Dominion is becoming increasingly attractive to persons living not only in other parts of the Empire, but in all parts of the world. Table XII shows details of immigrants who enrolled with the State Placement Service during the period 22nd July to 31st December, 1938; and Table XIII gives like figures for the first quarter of the current year. During the first period (before which enrolment statistics relating to immigrants were not separately compiled) 510 immigrants sought assistance from the various offices of the btate Placement Service. In the second period (January to March, 1939) notwithstanding that enrolments cover only three months as against the five covered in the first period, 779 immigrants enrolled at Placement Offices.

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Australia, Great Britain, and Canada, in that order, have provided the greatest number of immigrants during both of the periods reviewed. In that portion of last year surveyed, of the total of 510 enrolees, 248 came from Australia, 182 from Great Britain and Ireland, and 29 from Canada. In the second period the numbers from these countries were 509, 190, and 37, respectively. Thus from 22nd July, 1938, to 31st March, 1939, of the 1,289 immigrants who have enrolled witli the State Placement Service, 757 have emigrated from Australia, 372 from the British Isles, and 66 from Canada. The balance of the 1,289 enrolments recorded during this period lias included immigrants from South Africa (4), other British countries (36), Americas (10), Asia (8), Europe (30), foreign Pacific islands (6). From the occupational aspect an analysis of the enrolments of all immigrants during the two periods covered by Tables XII and XIII is significant. In the first period (Table XII) the 510 enrolments recorded were distributed occupationally thus : unskilled workers, 284 ; semi-skilled, 20 ; skilled, 104; commercial, 61 ; professional, 11 ; domestic, 13; unclassified, 17. Following the same classification, the 779 second-period enrolments (Table XIII) are subdivided thus : unskilled workers, 294 ; semi-skilled, 67 ; skilled, 322 ; commercial, 53 ; professional, 9 ; domestic, 22 ; unclassified, 12. Two of the features of these figures are salient —the very large proportion of unskilled workers enrolling in both periods, and the marked increase in enrolments of skilled workers during the second period over those recorded in the first period. Of 1,289 enrolees, no fewer than 578 were unskilled. Considering this in relation to the number of unskilled men in the Dominion awaiting absorption into private industry, the extent of the immigration of unskilled workers merits close attention. Skilled workers enrolled during the first three months of 1939, totalling 322, exceed the enrolments of such workers in the previous period (July to December, 1938) by 218. To a certain extent the enrolments of this kind during the first quarter of this year were inflated by the formal enrolment of a number of Australian building artisans encouraged by the Government to immigrate. (N.B.—Contingents of the 400-odd Australians, engaged did not commence to arrive until March of this year, and an estimate of 150 enrolments from this source in thfe enrolments of skilled workers under review is liberal.) It will be seen, then, that, although unskilled workers have sought asylum in the Dominion in considerable number, skilled workers—both building and engineering artisans —have immigrated to meet in some degree the shortage of labour in their trades. It is evident that the immigration of skilled workers, quite apart from the numbers directly encouraged by the Government to come to New Zealand, has received a considerable impetus of late months. This conclusion is further strongly supported by the fact that many skilled workers who have immigrated —particularly building tradesmen—have not had need to enrol at Placement Offices to find employment, and have not theiefore appeared in the enrolments of this class of worker. Considering this jointly with the fact that the great bulk of unskilled immigrants needs must enrol to obtain employment, the apparently high number of unskilled enrolees is understandable. Immigrant enrolees have also been classified according to age-groups, the distribution of the total of 1,289 enrolments (22nd July, 1938, to 31st March, 1939) being—

Twenty-eight of the 68 enrolees over the age of fifty were unskilled workers ; while among the immigrants in the age-group forty-one to fifty a further 80 enrolees out of a total of 181 in the agegroup were unskilled. It is apparent that, in the absence of restrictive measures as applied by other countries in respect of immigration policy, there is a number of elderly unskilled workers gaining entry to the Dominion. While unskilled labour is in such surfeit in New Zealand, from the aspect of employment prospects alone the immigration of this type of worker is inadvisable ; while the implications, as far as eligibility for age benefits under the Social Security Act is concerned, emphasize the need for a far greater control over immigration, possibly by means of the extension of the permit system to persons living in the British Empire as well as in other parts of the world. GOVERNMENT YOUTH CENTRES. In the last annual report of the Employment Division of the Labour Department mention was made, in referring to vocational guidance and youth employment activities, of the opening of Government youth centres. These offices have now been in operation for some twelve months, and, as the youth centres represent the first formal attempt on the part of the State to give school-leavers and also young people in uncongenial employment the benefits of scientific vocational guidance and placement in consonance therewith, it is considered opportune to outline here the functions carried out by the centres and to traverse also the historical circumstances in which youth centres have come into being. In these centres the dual work of rendering vocational guidance and youth employment facilities ■is undertaken. Girls from school-leaving age up to twenty-one years of age and boys from the time they leave school until they turn eighteen—when they may avail themselves of the service given by adult Placement Offices —are the young people with whom the centres are most directly concerned, but children while yet at school are also coming increasingly within the scope of these operations. Where, too, the circumstances warrant it, assistance is not withheld from youths above the upper age limit usually observed.

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Under 20. 20-25. j 26-30. 31-40. 41-50. Over 50. Total. I - 50 368 279 343 181 68 1,289

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The Government youth centres are jointly administered by the Education and Labour Departments. Their activities, which have a Dominion-wide objective, are co-ordinated by centres operating in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch, by a special organization in Dunedin, and in the secondary towns by the Placement Officers. In Dunedin an arrangement obtains under which the Dunedin Vocational Guidance Association (a welfare organization in existence some time before the launching of the youth centres) co-operates with the latter in carrying out vocational guidance and juvenile placement work. The work of vocational analysis, guidance, and occupational psychopathy administered by the Education Department is carried on throughout the Dominion by the Girls' and Boys' Vocational Guidance Officers appointed to the centres by that Department. In an increasing number of schools—■ primary, secondary, and technical —Careers Masters and Mistresses co-operating with the centres have been appointed. To them fall the tasks of recording the vocational interests and aptitudes of pupils under their observation, tendering vocational advice to children, and in all respects acting as lieutenants of the Vocational Guidance Officers attached to the centres. These latter officers are thus enabled to map careers from the guidance criteria evolved by them, while, in turn, the Placement Branch at each Centre dovetails the findings of guidance activities with the work of youth placement. The Employment Division of the Labour Department controls the placement activities of the youth centres. Appointed by it, the Secretary and Girls' Employment Officer attached to each centre co-operate with the Girls' and Boys' Vocational Guidance Officers, referring young people to the recommended vacancies which are notified to the centres. The main contact work with employers is effected by the Placement Service, which locates openings for the youth of both sexes and passes the information to the youth centre. Youth centre staffs also, as in the case of Placement Officers, pay follow-up visits to employers and employees to ensure that placements have been successful. In the secondary and smaller towns State Placement Officers co-operate with the Vocational Guidance and Employment Officers of the four main centres and with school authorities to secure the harmonious placement of 'school-leavers and young people iu search of careers. The early history of vocational guidance and youth employment in New Zealand is mainly a record of the endeavours of persons and welfare bodies interested in securing the satisfactory absorption of young people into careers for which they were adapted. As the depression brought the problem of unemployment among young people more acutely before public notice, Boys' and Girls' Employment Committees came to be established in many towns. These committees were for the most part drawn from the personnel of welfare organizations as well as individual citizens interested in the employment of juveniles. In the particular case of Dunedin, a Vocational Guidance Association was formed in J 930, and it supplemented its guidance activities among young people by placement work. It co-operated with the various schools in the district, arranging in collaboration with them a system of vocational recording, supported by psychological research where this was considered necessary. In November, 1936, a conference of vocational guidance workers from the main centres was arranged and the question of extending vocational guidance work in New Zealand discussed. To secure a uniform planned approach to vocational guidance and to co-ordinate the work of the many school-teachers acting as Careers Advisers, the conference recommended that the Government should undertake the responsibility of administering guidance work in the Dominion —a start to be made in the four main centres. Effect was given to this recommendation towards the end of 1937, when Boys' and Girls' Vocational Guidance Officers were appointed in the four principal cities. With the exception of Dunedin, where the Boys' Vocational Guidance Officer, who is the Secretary of the Vocational Guidance Association in operation there, and a full-time guidance and placement official, the Vocational Guidance Officers appointed are school-teachers devoting half of their working-time to guidance work. Early in 1938 arrangements were made between the Education and Labour Departments to link both forms of activity —guidance and placement—in youth-centre organizations to be established in the main cities. This was done, centres being opened in the first three cities, and the special arrangement mentioned above in respect of Dunedin being confirmed. The Government youth centres thus came into being. YOUTH-EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS. During the twelve months ended 31st March, 1939, enrolments of girls and boys at the youth centres in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch and at the Dunedin Vocational Guidance Association totalling 4,443 were recorded. In the same period placements totalling 3,'843 were effected. The following table gives Dominion figures of enrolments and placements recorded during this period (Ist April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939): —

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Enrolments. Placements. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Total. Total. Permanent. Temporary. Permanent. Temporary. I i ■ 1,787 2,656 4,443 ' 1,295 1 178 1,974- 396 3,843 (N.B. —The Youth Service, in classifying placements permanent and temporary, has adopted the same basis as the State Placement Service—that is to say, positions filled for a duration of three months or over are treated as permanent, while-those whioh are not expected to last for three months are considered temporary. )

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The Service very infrequently refers boys or girls to casual employment—i.e., of a duration of less than one week—hence this classification used by the adult Placement Service is not employed by the centres. Actually both enrolment and placement figures appearing in the above table do not represent a complete twelve months' operations as far as all the centres are concerned. The Wellington centre did not commence operations until later in 1938, and statistics furnished by it are available from .July of last year only. Similarly, arrangements with the Dunedin Vocational Guidance Association for the furnishing of returns required were not made until October of last year. Table XIV attached to the Appendix of this report gives particulars of the age-groups and the month of enrolment of all boys and girls who sought the assistance of the Youth Centres during the twelve months Ist April, 1938, to 31st march, 1939. From this it can be seen that 432 of the 2,656 boy enrolees and 189 of the 1,787 girl enrolees were under fifteen years of age. Considered from the school-leaving-age aspect, these figures merit close attention, especially in view of the widespread public support for the raising of the minimum school-leaving age to fifteen and of the widely remarked tendency for juveniles in this age-group to be absorbed into factory employment. The comparatively large number of enrolments of fifteen-year-old children (boys, 824 ; and girls, 370) suggests that the advantages of high-school and technical education are in many cases for various reasons discounted considerably by the too-early cessation of school attendance—especially among male enrolees, who in this age-group exceed female enrolees by some 450. This conclusion is also supported by reference to Table XV of the Appendix, which classifies all enrolees according to month of enrolment and prior status. Table XV also shows that far too many young people seek the assistance of the centres not immediately when they leave school, but after they have failed at some form of employment or have found that such employment does not offer reasonable prospects of a career. The number of youths possessing employment experience as well as a secondary school education (boys, 538 ; and girls, 399) enrolling at the centres is significantly high, and offers very good reason why the Youth Service should as soon as possible extend its activities until all school-children—primary, technical, and high school —are receiving vocational guidance and placement assistance. By this means the wastage of higher education arising from the drift of well schooled juveniles into blind-alley and other occupations, for which they are temperamentally or otherwise unsuited, would be largely eliminated. The number of school-children enrolling at the centres during the school year also emphasizes the need for an extension of the Centres' activities among students. Table XVI of the Appendix gives details of the industrial groups into which children in the different age-groups have been placed in permanent positions. Noteworthy in this table is the number of positions filled in the following industrial groups—No. 13 (engineering and allied trades) : Boys, 388 ; girls, 44. No. 22b (clothing, &c.) : Boys, 40 ; girls, 195. No. 35 (commerce) : Boys, 437 ; girls, 375. The high level of positions filled in these occupations indicates a state of buoyancy. Table XVII shows the number of temporary positions tilled during the twelve months ended 31st March, 1939, in relation to the permanent placements effected during the same period. Temporary placements aggregating 574 amount only to approximately 17f per cent, of the total permanent placements filled. On the assumption that the permanent placements recorded have been for the most part in accord with scientific vocational recommendations, the exceedingly small proportion of temporary to permanent placements discloses a very satisfactory position as far as the placementwork of the Youth Service is concerned. PROBLEM WORK AMONG JUVENILE JOB-SEEKERS. The youth centres come into contact with many young people who, from the aspect of assignment to careers, are definite problems. Approximately five of such youths are dealt with by the centres each week, unstinted effort being expended to set these boys and girls upon an occupational path which, it is hoped, will give some promise of happiness and economic security. In type, problem cases which come before the centres vary considerably. Some young people, indifferent to work of any kind as a career, require only an interview with an officer of the centre to adjust their attitude to employment ; others —definitely psychopathic-—are much more difficult to handle ; and, of course, physically disabled or medically unfit enrolees must also receive special attention. Where enrolees presenting a " work attitude " problem do not respond satisfactorily to an interview, steps are taken to test for general intelligence, manual dexterity, and mental set. Co-operation with University authorities is frequently necessary in the psycho-analysis of cases which are clearly psychopathic. The degree of success attained in attempts to secure the adjustment of unusual mental outlook among this type of enrolee has been considerable. Particular attention is given by the youth centres to the placement of partially disabled or crippled children. Scope for the industrial absorption of these unfortunates is distinctly limited, but the view is taken that every effort should be made to give juveniles suffering from physical handicaps an occupational opportunity and interest which will enable them to become contented and possibly economically valuable units of society. It is natural that the centres in their contacts with youth should meet with instances of juvenile delinquency. Very often cases of this kind are products of adverse home and neighbourhood environments. Much can be done for them if these children can be given the opportunity to start afresh in congenial work surroundings and among people of a better social type. Environment in many of these cases is, however, a problem which can be attacked by the centres in only the most incidental and piecemeal way.

14

H.—lla.

SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AMONG JUVENILES. Although, the centres have been in operation for little more than a year, their significance from the aspect of sociological research has already been demonstrated. The Service has conducted a survey of the leisure-time activities of young people enrolled at the various centres, and the data collected from this survey has made possible a report on this subject which should have important implications in the approach of the State, as well as of religious and recreational bodies, to the problem of national fitness, particularly among school-leavers. Arrangements have also been made through the youth centres for the undertaking of a survey of school-leaving among juveniles and its correlation with economic and social factors. This survey will, likewise, be of value in its social implications. Doubtless, as the centres extend the sphere of operations, the opportunities for sociological research among young people will be correspondingly increased. SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES OF THE EMPLOYMENT DIVISION. The activities of the Employment Division as conducted in the past have been fully set out in previous reports, but it is now appropriate to record, with the repeal of the Employment Promotion Act, the functions that will not lapse with its expiry. The work of the Department will be continued along the two main lines of policy of fostering the promotion of work and industry for the absorption of surplus labour, and the placing in close contact of employers with employees through the medium of the State Placement Service. The following list sets out briefly the operations falling within the main branches of the Department's present functions : — (1) Scheme No. 4a : Assisting farmers on their own properties. (2) Scheme No. 4b : Development work on farming properties calculated to increase the production of primary products. (3) Scheme No. 13 : Subsidization of full-time employment through local bodies and local employing authorities (including City and Borough Councils, County Councils, River and Drainage Boards, and schools and other private bodies not established for profit and whose activities are of a social nature) — (a) Payment of subsidies for full-time work at award rates. (b) Issue of transport orders, &c. (c) Assistance by way of labour subsidies towards— (i) Eradication of ragwort and other noxious weeds. (ii) Rabbit-extermination. (iii) Local-body water and sewerage schemes. (iv) Streets and footpath improvement. (v) Road-construction improvement. (vi) River-improvement and land-drainage. (4) Scheme No. 16 : Youth employment in building trades— (a) Subsidized training in building and related trades. (b) Issue of tools, equipment, Ac. State Placement Service. (a) Operation of State Placement Service (twenty-one special offices). (b) Special campaign for the absorption of youths between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five years. (c) Boy and Girl Employment: Establishment of special section operating in close co-operation with Vocational Guidance Officers of the Education Department (four special offices). (id) Special efforts on behalf of physically disabled men. (e) Vocational training of— (i) Youths between eighteen and twenty-five years of age. (ii) Physically disabled. (iii) Boys and girls. Naturally, the aspects of work as briefly recorded here involve a considerable amount of investigation and detail which necessarily must be associated with the conduct of promotion of employment activities, and the organization as it now exists is required to exercise its fullest capacity to adapt the departmental machinery to all of the requirements of departmental policy. The following activities were taken over by the Social Security Department as from the Ist April, 1939 : — Registration of unemployed; Calculation and payment of sustenance ; Payment of relief through sickness ; Inquiry into the circumstances of applicants for unemployment relief; Operation of State Placement Service in all but the four main centres ; Financial assistance to unemployed women and girls (previously extended to Women's and Girls' Committees from Employment Promotion Fund); and Cash grants for assistance to men proceeding to distant full-time employment. The gold-mining scheme was taken over by the Mines Department as from the Ist April, 1939. The Agriculture Department is continuing the assistance to the tobacco industry as from the Ist April, 1939.

15

H.—llA.

APPENDIX.

An Appendix dealing with various matters, some of which have already been covered in the body of the report, is attached hereto. A descriptive list of the tables contained herein is as under :—

Table I.—Statement showing, Annually, Receipts and Payments of the Employment Promotion Fund.

16

Table Description. 1 Statement of Annual Receipts and Payments. II Statement of Annual Administrative Expenses. III Statement of Expenditure on Foodstuffs (Rationing System). IV Statement of Contributors to Fund : Registrations, Exemptions, &c. V Statement of Receipts and Payments for Year ended 31st March, 1939. VI Statement of Expenditure on Unemployment Relief (Government Departments). VII Statement of Numbers on Relief since 1931 (up to 11th March, 1939). VIII Statement of Numbers of Unemployed from 25th September, 1.937. TX Statement showing Number of Positions filled by State Placement Service during the Period 1st January, 1938, to 31st March, 1939. X Statement showing New Enrolments with State Placement Service, and the Reasons for enrolling, during the Period 31st January, 1938, to 31st March, 1939. XI Statement showing the Movement within Industries as recorded by the State Placement Service during the Period 31st January, 1938, to 31st March, 1939. XII Analysis of Immigrants who enrolled with State Placement Service during the Period 22nd July to 31st December, 1938. XIII Analysis of Immigrants who enrolled with State Placement Service during the Period 1st January to 31st March, 1939. XIV Youth Enrolments, 1st April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939, showing Age-groups. XV Youth Enrolments, 1st April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939, showing Prior Status. XVI Youth Placements (Permanent), 1st April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939, showing Industrial and Age Groups. XVII Youth Placements (Temporary), 1st April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939, showing Quarterly Comparison with Permanent Placements.

Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended :ilst March 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March 31st March .1931.* 1932. 19S3. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. 1938. 1939. ' I £ • £ £ £ £ £ £ ££ Cash in Fund at beginning of .. 69,J. 15 184,967 424,426 621,518 1,332,946 406,711 253,245 1,158,890 year Receipts. Levy .. .. .. 229,000 538,503 429,004 428,550 433,665 416 ,-535 440,562 448,854 468 588 Wages-tax .. .. .. 490,053 2,471,028 2,891,715 2,821,824 2,468,019 2,590,832 3,027,490 3 340'406 Tax on income other than .. 220,245 1,120,404 1,106,602 1,349,230 1,035,672 1,193,571 1,628,675 1,652 208 salary or wages Subsidy from Consolidated 159,247 1,118,753 .. Fund Miscellaneous .. .. 9 2,530 7,563 13,466 18,841 36,591 35,580 40,082 61,260 Total ... .. 388,256' 2,439,199 4,212,966 4,864,759. 5,245,078 5,289,563 4,667,256'|' 5,398,346 6,681,352 Payments. Grants under section 36, 313,209 2,200,545 3,594,637 3,972,186 3,397,099 3,464,104 2,596,617 2,528,553 5,283,915 Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Loans under section 36, .. 16,340 21,633 20,919 14,403 24,620 17,082 12,342 6,829 Employment Promotion Act, 3936 Payments under section 35, .. .. .. .. 39,362 86,347 61,000 29,120 118,466 Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Loans under section 35, .. .. .. .. 8,000 34,266 11,324 29,425 58,578 Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Sustenance under section 37, .. .. 12,960 33,302 239,983 807,095 1,557,215 1,349,162 667,149 Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Purchases of food, &c., under ... .. 58,667 104,278 73,885 98,445 27,444 7,564 2,078 section 38, Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Allowances to persons entitled .. .. .. .. 400 166,603 66,869 48,290 36,808 to assistance under section 38, Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Loans under section 38, .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Administration expenses .. 5,932 37,347 100,643 112,556 139,000 201,372 76,445J 235,000§ 299,985| 319,141 2,254,232 3,788,540 4,243,241 3,912,132 4,882,852 4,414,011 4,239,456 6,473,808 Cash in hand at end of year 69,115 184,967 424,426 621,518 1,332,946 406,711 253,245 1,158,890 207'. r )44 Total .. .. 388,256 2,439,199 4,212,966 4,864,759 5,245,078 5,289,563 4,667„256f5,398,346 6,681,352 * Period 11th October, 1930, to 31st, March, 1931. t As a result of the passing of the Employment Promotion Act, 1936, the Unemployment - Fund was abolished from 31st, May, 1936, and merged in the Employment Promotion Eund. The figures for the year ended 31st March 1937 therefore comprise receipts and payments under both the old and the new legislation. X From 1st June, 1936, administration expenses were provided from the Consolidated Fund under vote, " Labour." The amount expended from this source r,o 31st, March, 1937, was £189,720, of which the sum of £60 000 was recouped from the Employment Promotion Eunil and is included in the amount of £76,445. § The sum of £278,603 was provided from'the Consolidated Fund for administration expenses, and of this amount £235,000 was recouped from the Employment Promotion Fund II Contribution to Consolidated Fund for credit of vote " .Labour" (£239,985) and vote " Land and Income Tax" (£60,000) to cover portion of administration expenses.

H.—llA.

Table II.—Statement showing, Annually, Administration Expenses.

Table III.—Statement showing Expenditure on Foodstuffs distributed through Rationing System during the Past Seven Years.

Table IV. Statement showing Number of Levy Contributors to Employment Promotion Fund and Total and Partial Exemptions from Payment of the Registration Levy. ~ NumbersRegistrations— „ , , 01 Total number of live enrolments as at 31 st March, 1938 .. ■■ •• •• •• 040,421 Number of enrolments during year ended 31st March, 1939 .. •• •• ■■ L0,35J 560,780 Less deceased .. .. • • • • • • • • : • •' • • • • 7,345 553,435 Less to adjust cancelled and dual registration .. .. .. • • •• 1,786 Total as at 31st March, 1939 .. .. • • ■ • • • • • • • • • 551,649 Exemptions from payment of registration levy— . lnoQ Q(iA Number pf persons granted, total exemption as at 31st March, IJ3B .. .. • • • • > Number of exemptions granted during the year ended 31st March, 1939— (a) Under War Pensions Act, 1915, in respect of total disablement . . .. .. 66 (b) For war service in the war of 1914-19 in respect of total disablement .. .. 106 (c) Under the Pensions Act, 1926 .. .. •• •• •• •• ?'?„ 2 (d) Sixty-five years of age and over .. • • • • • • • • • • '.t (e) Natives (within meaning of Native Land Act, 1909) .. • • • ■ ■ • 1 j (/) On account of objection on religious grounds (g) Physical or mental disability to follow regular occupation .. .. .. 491 (h) Inmates of mental hospitals Sub-total .. •• •• •• •• *• * * * * 5,391 5 Number of persons granted total exemption as at 31st March, 1939 .. . • • • • • 04,351 Number of Instalments """77".'.""... , . involved. Partial exemptions during the year ended 31st March, 1939 (one or more instalments) (a) Inmates of hospitals, mental hospitals, prisons, &o. .. .. • •• •• 4,178 (b) Students .. •• •• •• " " " '• •• (c) Physical and mental disability . . • • • • • • ■ • • • • • • • (d) Hardship 4 ' dM: Total 15130

3—H. 11 A.

17

1031-32. 1032-33. | 1933-34. 1934-35. 1935-30. 1936-37. 1937-38. 1938-39. 1 I ££££££££ (1) Total expenditure, including unpaid 2,268,197 3,839,807 4,311,360 3,938,381 4,774,895 4,416,558 4,266,965 6,455,058* creditors, at 31st March Plus cost of collection of levy re- 4,000 6,500 t t t j tained by,Post Office 2,272,197 3,846,307 4,311,360 3,938,381 4,774,895 4,416,558 4,266,965 6,455,058 (2) Amount of administration expenses 55,015 95,165 117,335 128,953 197,264 212,441 267,367 273,173J included in total expenditure shown Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. (3.) Administration expenses as percent- 2*42 2*47 2-72 3-27 4*13 4*81 6-27 4*23 of total cost , • Includes £60,000 contribution from Employment Promotion Fund to Consolidated Fund, vote, Land and Income Tax." t Cost of collecting dew for these vears was appropriated, and is therefore included in total expenditure. Since 1st June, 1936, cost of collecting employment tax ancl levy has been borne bv Consolidated Fund, vote, "Land and Income Tax." $ Administration expenses include the following amounts provided from the Consolidated Fund, vote, " Labour" : 1936-37, £137,543 ; 1937-38, £32,349 ; 1938-39, £31,005

. y t . • I Financial Year ended | Cost. . ■ £ 31st March, 1933 38,023 31st March, 1934 .. . • .. 49,669 31st March; 1935 .. •• 38,641 31st March, 1936 .. .. .. 37,650 31st March, 1937 .. .. •• 24,079 31st March, 1938 9,309 r 31st March, 1939 .. •• 2,035 Total £199,406

H.—lla.

Table V. —Employment Promotion Fund. Receipts and Payments Account for the Year ended 31st March, 1939. Receipts. Payments. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s- d. £ s. d. Balances, Ist April, 1938- Administration expenses--431 288 5 7 Contribution to vote Investments !!! 7251000 0 0 '' Labour," Subdivision Imprests outstanding .. 2,602 1 3 I• • •• •• » 1 1,158,890 6 10 Contribution to vote Registration levy 468,587 15 11 "Land and Income Penalties for late payment •• » 299,985 0 0 E m dIo vmenT eharee— " " ■ General work . re i icf 117,143 810 J Tax on salary °or wages Gold-prospecting schemes .. .. .. £0,238 Z 1 ™iri w»,«h ] 862 487 1 8 Promotion of employment on farms .. .. 59,88b 5 11 Tax oil salary or wages ' ' Promotion ol employment In bnilding M« .. }« » paid by atomps .. 1,477...8 1. i S » "15 S>s 3 340 406 0 10 Grants to Native Department for promotion of Tax on income other than ' employment amongst Maoris .. .. 414,941 5 5 salary or wages .. 1,652,208 2 8 Belief of unemployment amongst women .. 7,914 5 7 4,992,614 3 6 Assistance to industry .. .. .. 118,459 5 1 4,239 510 Sustenance allowances .. .. •• 667,149 0 3 Interest on loans.'.' " 1,919 4 5 Miscellaneous grants and subsidies . .. 1,374 17 5 Interest on investments .. 18,006 6 4 Compensation, ex graUa payments, &c. 5,350 10 1 19,925 10 9 Purchase of food, clothing, &e. .. . z,U47 o t) Repayment of loans .. .. 10,JM » Bonuae. to worker. 32,M5 « J • saaaicr :: :: :: AS" ? Balances, 31st March, 1939 —• £ s. d. Cash .. .. 32,123 2 4 Investments .. .. 175,000 0 0 Imprests outstanding .. 420 18 3 207,544 0 7 £6,681,352 6 11 £6,681,352 6 11 A. J. Ridler, Assistant Secretary of Labour. H. Parsonage, Accountant. I hereby certify that the Statement of Receipts and Payments has been duly examined and compared with the relative books and documents submitted for audit, and correctly states the position as disclosed thereby.—J. H. Fowler, Controller and Auditor-General.

Table VI.— Expenditure from State Funds for Unemployment Relief.

18

Public Works Departments n^ n i°J i< L Employment Year Department State Forest (including New u 0 «!i Promotion Totals. Year - (includingMain Service. Zealand ,? Local Fund. Highways). Railways). -Bodies. £ £ £ £ £ £ 1926-27 .. 130,000 14,240 .. .. •• 144,240 1927-28 .. .. 379,565 27,550 •• 75,106 .. 482,221 1928-29 680,393 50,250 3,500 68,567 .. 802,710 1929-30 " .. 914,109 185,400 204,464 111,728 .. 1,415,701 1930-31 1,249,446 82,000 21,933 116,768 313,209 1,783,356 I931 32 !! " 886,953 74,000 14,684 11,478 2,216,886 3,204,001 iqoo_qq 484 554 .. 12,088 216 3,687,897 4,184,755 * 1 <133-34 355!691 2,000 185,906 .. 4,130,686 4,674,283 iqS4_35 " " 402 612 2,820 250,250 .. 3,773,133 4,428,815 1935-36 607 818 6,845 217,770 .. 4,682,008 5,514,441 1936-37 536,062 70,921 1.98,740 .. 4,337,565 5,143,288 1937-38 397 241 82,123 506,822 .. 4,004,456 4,990,642 1938-39 " 1! 88,816 598,553 .. 6,173,823 7,231,664 Totals .. 7,394,916 686,965 2,214,710 383,863 33,319,663 44,000,117

H.—llA.

Table VII.—Schedule showing Numbers of Males registered and Numbers in Receipt of Assistance from the Employment Promotion Fund (30th June, 1931, to 11th March, 1939).

4—H. 11a.

19

Remaining In Working Full Registers but Time in Industry, ana wholly or ]>ate. unplaced or with Assistance portly a Charge various'Reasons Scheme No. 5 Sustenance ™""l various luasons. (Eationed Work) . without Work. -™n>°tion Fund. Fun| , 1S31. 30th June .. .. . 6,700 38,000 .. 0,400 51,100 30th September .. .. 7,600 43,000 .. 3,990 54,590 31st December .. .. 4,800 39,300 7,985 52 085 1932. 31st March .. .. 7,000 37,000 .. 10,520 54,520 30th .June .. .. 7,450 43,850 .. 17,350 68,650 30th September .. 6,540 45,100 .. 22,010 73,650 29th October .. .. .. 6,206 44,033 .. 21,732 71,971 26th November . . .. .. 5,348 42,808 .. 21,155 69'311 24th December .. .. .. 5,199 43,106 .. 20,976 69 281 1933. 21st January .. .. 6,272 42,012 .. 19,581 67,865 18th February .. .. .. 5,394 39,963 .. 20,510 65,867 18th March .. .. .. 5,585 39,874 .. 21,193 66,652 15th April .. .. .. 5,312 40,946 .. 21,997 68,255 13th May .. .. .. 5,830 42,585 .. 22,117 70,532 10th June .. .. .. 5,802 43,837 .. 23,279 72,818 8th July .. .. .. 5,511 45,304 .. 24,219 75,034 5th August .. .. .. 5,125 45,749 .. 27,217 78,091 2nd September .. .. 4,517 45,699 .. 28,411 78,627 30th September .. .. 4,301 44,743 .. 30,391 79,435 28th October .. .. .. 2,911 42,717 888 31,641 78,157 25th November .. .. .. 2,671 39,025 897 32,384 74,977 23rd December .. .. .. 2,533 36,906 964 29,870 70 273 1934. 20th January .. .. .. 3,635 35,933 1,087 27,836 68,491 17th February .. .. .. 3,208 33,216 1,573 29,191 67,188 17th March .. .. .. 3,273 32,555 1,793 27,766 65,387 14th April .. .. .. 3,377 32,173 2,046 27,583 65,179 12th May .. .. .. 3,656 32,613 2,350 26,921 65,540 9th June .. .. .. 3,407 33,126 2,718 23,386 62,637 7th July .. .. .. 4,178 33,523 3,628 23,482 64,811 4th August .. .. .. 3,840 33,320 4,974 24,157 66,291 1st September .. .. .. 3,504 33,167 5,748 24,097 66,516 29th September. . .. .. 3,272 32,731 5,569 23,189 64,761 27th October .. .. .. 2,735 30,572 6,431 22,324 62,062 24th November .. .. .. 2,910 28,976 6,063 21,400 59,349 22nd Deoomber .. .. .. 2,131 28,303 5,923 20,481 56,838 1935. 19th January .. .. .. 3,280 26,775 6,136 19,175 55,366 16t.h February .. .. .. 3,187 24,936 6,948 18,250 53,321 16th March .. .. .. 3,153 24,204 8,211 17,930 53,498 13th April .. .. .. 3,292 24,634 8,866 17,243 54,035 11th May .. .. .. 2,847 25,379 * 9,874 16,808 54,908 8th June .. .. .. 3,025 25,043 11,262 16,936 56,266 6th July .. .. .. 3,414 25,243 12,842 17,4-83 58,982 3rd August .. .. .. 2,806 25,387 14,438 17,746 60,377 31st August .. .. .. 2,581 24,817 15,347 18,061 60,806 28th September .. .. 2,500 24,183 15,517 18,144 60,344 26th October .. .. .. 2,043 22,260 15,378 18,S00 58,481 23rd November .. .. .. 1,825 19,610 14,544 21,267 57,246 21st December .. .. .. 1.737 18,844 15,072 21,628 57.281 1936. 18th January .. .. .. 2,233 17,365 15,179 21,725 56,502 15th February .. .. .. 2,012 15,922 14,450 22,270 54,654 14th March .. .. .. 1,872 15,704 14,443 22,510 54.529 11th April .. .. .. 2,013 15,514 15,750 16,542 49,819 9th May .. .. .. 2,642 15,528 17,100 15,938 51,208 6th June .. .. .. 3,200 15,486 20,352 13,996 53,034 4th July .. .. . 3,189 15,280 24,470 11,299 54,238 1st August .. .. .. 2,804 15,945 26,296 8,958 54,003 29th August .. .. .. 2,700 15,569 25,994 6,584 50.847 26th September.. .. .. 2,209 13,955 25,744 7,511 49,419 24th October .. .. .. 2,173 12,582 24,301 7,084 46,140 21st November .. .. .. 2,258 11,141 22,068 6,874 42,341 19th December . . .. .. 2,037 10,085 20,164 6,786 39,072 1937. 16th January .. .. .. 2,834 7,874 20,708 6,404 37,820 13th February .. .. .. 2,526 7,058 19,357 6,781 35,722 13th March .. .. .. 2,341 6,621 18,945 6,619 34,526 10th April .. .. .. 2,268 6.242 19,443 6,296 34,249 8th May .. .. .. 2,225 6,213 19,864 5,916 34,218 5th June .. .. .. 2,500 6,136 20,690 6,513 35,839 3rd July .. .. .. 2,901 6,075 21,845 6,725 37,546 31st July .. .. .. 2,636 5,597 22,210 8,236 38,679 28th August .. .. .. 2,371 4,979 19,973 9,993 37,316 25th September.. .. .. 2,229 4,714 18,110* 11,397 36,450 23rd October .. .. .. 1,863 4,442 16,876f 11,773 34,954 20th November .. .. .. 985 3,823 14.468f 12,141 31,417 18th December .. .. 737 3,336 12.294f 13,722 30,089

H.—llA.

Table VII. —Schedule showing Numbers of Males registered and Numbers in Receipt of Assistance from the Employment Promotion Fund (30th June, 1931, to 11th March, 1939) —continued.

Table VIII.—Numbers of Unemployed.

Table IX. —Statement showing the Number of Positions filled by the State Placement Service from 1st January, 1938, to 31st March, 1939.

It should bo observed that the figures shown above are positions filled, and not the numbers of men placed. The above figures include those for the period Ist January, 1938, to 31st May, 1938, which were given in the annual report for 1937-38,

20

TtpiYiaininj? nn In receipt of Part-time Relief Wm-lHnrr Tf.,11 Total on Register SatefbS? Work, or Sustenance. T1 IlnSstiy, Date. unplaced or with Assistance Emrtov various'Reasons Scheme No. 5 Sustenance XmSnC' ment ProinotiS, various Reasons. (Buttoned Work). without Work. romotion J! una. j, un(j 1938. 15th January .. .. .. 1,051 2,827 12,178f 15,296 31,352 12th February .. .. .. 1,004 2,735 11,502+ 15,625 30,866 12th March .. .. .. 1,086 2,735 i0,874f 15,204 29,899 9th April .. .. .. 1,135 2,799 11,28lf 14,956 30,171 7th May .. .. .. 1,244 2,848 12,222j 14,742 31,056 4th Juno .. .. .. 1,301 2,812 12,608-j" 15,309 32,030 2nd July .. .. .. 1,551 2,032 11,2401" 20,973 35,796 30th July .. .. .. 1,364 1,244 9,321f 25,567 37,496 27th August .. .. .. 881 913 8,360+ 28,077 38,231 24thSeptember . . .. .. 771 743 8,06lj 29,057 38,632 22nd October .. .. .. 726 519 7,964J 29,353 38,562 19th November .. .. .. 507 519 7,583j 28,771 37,380 17th December .. .. .. 407 510 7,285$ 27,448 35,650 1939. 14th January .. .. .. 553 483 7,809J 25,643 34,488 11th February .. .. .. 823 320 7,284j 24,461 32,888 11th March .. .. .. 649 77 7,256| 24,087 32,069 * Includes 8,499 men unfit foi employment for health or other reasons. t Includes approximately 8,000 men unfit for employment for health or other reasons. t All men unfit for employment for health or other reasons.

Note.—To enable the Government to more correctly assess the real number of unemployed as distinct from those men recruited from the Employment Register for engagement on full-timo work at award or public works rates of pay, and apart from administering relief to those unfit for employment for health or other reasons, the figures in this table, from September, 1937, show as the total number of unemployed on the register only those : (a) Registered but not eligible for relief; (6) on Scheme No. 5, rationed work relief; and (c) on sustenance awaiting placement. This method of presentation is in conformity with international practice. (T) (2) (3) (1) (5) J55 Ti«rl«tnrprt hut not Unlit for Work for rm ilellef awaiting 0n Scheme No. 5, c)n Total Number of Health or other Four-weekly Period ended Expiration of Eatl^L Work awaiting Placement. Une * l0n Qualifying Period. Eelief - Begister. included in Totalis ' I of Column (5).) 1937. 25th September .. 2,229 4,714 9,611 16,554 8,499 23rd October . . .. 1,863 4,442 8,377 14,682 8,000 20th November .. 985 3,823 6,468 11,276 8,000 • 18th December .. 737 3,336 4,294 8,367 8,000 1938. 15th January .. 1,051 2,827 4,178 8,056 8,000 12th February .. 1,004 2,735 3,502 7,241 8,000 12t,h March .. .. 1,086 2,735 2,874 6,695 8,000 9th April .. .. 1,135 2,799 3,281 7,215 8,000 7th May .. .. 1,244 2,848 4,222 8,314 8,000 4th June .. .. 1,301 2,812 4,608 8,721 8,000 2nd July .. .. 1,551 2,032 3,240 6,823 8,000 30th July .. .. 1,364 1,244 1,321 3,929 8,000 27th August .. .. 881 913 360 2,154 8,000 24th September .. 771 743 61. 1,575 8,000 22nd October .. 726 519 .. 1,245 7,964 19th November .. 507 519 .. 1,026 7,583 17th December .. 407 510 .. 917 7,285 1939. 14th January 553 483 .. 1,036 7,809 llth February .. 823 320 .. 1,143 7,284 11th March .. 649 77 .. 726 7,256

Permanent. Temporary. Casual. Total. 1/1/38 1/1/39 1/1/38 I 1/1/39 | 1/1/38 1/1/39 I 1/1/38 1/1/39 to to Total. to | to Total. to to I Total. to to Total. 31/12/38. 31/3/39. 31/12/38.! 31/3/39. ! 31/12/38. 31/3/39. | 31/12/38. 31/3/39. I I I Auckland .. .. 4,349 1,062 5,411 ! 2,805 806 3,611 4,112 634 4,746 11,266 2,502 13,768 Hawke'sBay .. 800 152 952 j 610 131 741 1,240 367 1,607 2,650 650 3,300 Taranaki .. .. 453 134 587 j 110 30 140 331 87 418 894 251 1,145 Wellington .. 3,850 910 4,760 I 3,086. 888 3,974 5,689 1,194 6,883 12,625 2,992 15,617 Nelson and Marl- 467 139 606 | 234; 45 279 102 10 112 803 194 997 borough Westland .. .. 335 111 446' 115 17 132 127 18 145 577 146 723 Canterbury .. 1,171 310 1,481 1,079 379 1,458 1,790 853 2,643 4,040 1,542 5,582 Otago .. .. 1,396 386 1,782 j 1,210 302 1,512 3,875 1,122 4,997 6,481 1,810 8,291 Unclassified .. 64 .. 64 167 . . 167 88 88 319 .. 319 Totals .. 12,885 j 3,204 16,089 | 9,416 | 2,598 12,014 17,354 4,285 21,639 39,655 10,087 49,742

21

H.—lla.

Table X.—Statement showing New Enrolments with State Placement Service, and the Reasons for Enrolling, during the Period 31st January, 1938, to 31st March, 1939.

Sub-table showing the Grand Total of the Enrolments for 1935, given in Table X above, divided into Quarterly Totals. During first quarter, 1938 .. .. .. 27,752 During second quarter 1938 18,170 I ns were enrolle d for the first time during 1938. During third quarter, 1938 .. .. .. 14,701 [ r During fourth quarter, 1938 .. .. .. 8,792 J During 1938 .. .. .. .. 69,415 were enrolled with the State Placement Service at least once. (Note.—The figures for the first quarter represent the recordings for two months only.) During first quarter, 1939 .. .. .. .. 36,927 persons were enrolled for the first time during 1939. (Note.—In February, 1939, all Scheme 13 workers were required to enrol with the State Placement Service. During the first quarter of 1938 such workers were not required to enrol. As there were approximately 17,000 of these workers in February, 1939, it will be realized that the employment position for 1939 shows a considerable improvement over that for the same period in 1938.)

No Previous Cessation of Arrived from owrw-sM ?ther From Hospital ?. tller Various other T , t Employment. Employment, Australia. ffian Aust?alil Hospita.. institutions. Reasons. Total.* Province. : ; : ; j * 31/1/38 1/1/39 31/1/38 1/1/39 31/1/38 ! 1/1/39 31/1/38 1 1/1/39 31/1/38 1/1/39 31/1/38 1/1/39 31/1/38 1/1/39 31/1/38 I 1/1/39 to t,o to to to I to to ! to to to to to to to to I to 31/12/38. 31/3/39. 31/12/38. j 31/3/39. 31/12/38. i 31/3/39. 31/12/38. i 31/3/39. 31/12/38. 31/3/39. 31/12/38. 31/3/39. 31/12/38. 31/3/39. 31/12/38. 31/3/39. I I 1 . Auckland .. .. .. .. 170 104 21,597 11,181 261 285 306 195 165 111 61 26 521 173 23,081 12,075 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. 59 24 3,439 1,424 9 6 6 5 12 4 4 5 11.. 3,540 1,468 Taranaki .. .. .. .. 29 18 1,515 870 2 2 20 2 24 7 5 1 25 16 1,620 916 Wellington .. .. .. .. 136 445 13,885 7,480 165 140 167 83 122 55 124 12 372 144 14,971 8,3o9 Nelson and Marlborough .. .. 32 18 2,265 1,423 41543222 25 5 2,336 1,455 Westland .. .. .. .. 16 14 1,588 641 13 4 5 1 8 9 1 1 19 1 1,650 b/1 Canterbury .. .. .. .. 33 22 13,054 7,083 19 16 31 12 51 5 45 9 132 58 13,365 7,205 Otago .. .. .. .. 80 "30 8,268 4,592 32 26 19 9 160 30 37 7 256 84 8,852 4,778 Totals .. .. .. 555 675 65,611 34,694 505 480 559 311 545 223 279 63 1,361 481 69,415 36,927 * For analysis of the grand totals in this section, please refer to sub-table below.

H.—llA.

Table XI.—Statement showing the Movement within Industries as recorded by the State Placement Service during the Period 31st January, 1938, to 31st March, 1939.

22

Enrolments during the Period. Positions filled during Of Employed Enrolees Available as at the end of Of Disengaged Persons in Search of Work. SearcTtf Better Work. 1988. 1st Quarter, 1939. Name of Industry. 1938. 1st Quarter, 1939. 1938. Quarter, 1938. 1939 ' (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) j (21) (22) S i h "i & S i " "i ? |S*£ Is* | c s |s g I . a$ § g --21Z.C c H S • o® oo 5 o - 2 o - i2 O 'o 3 0 £ % =C ® ir ft? C £ P< Pj C G 3 ~ .eg — C 3 « ,G 2 Ph&'S;* H Hi IPSSSfipSHS a, H QiH H O H 0. No previous employment .. .. 1,898 121 2,019 1,411 49 1,460 .. .. 307 .. 457 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ! 1. Fishing and trapping .. .. 603 83 686 281 42 323 4 2 106 204 1 33 17 7 57 14 3 7 24 2a. Agricultural farming (cropping) .. 2,643 1,138 3,781 1,274 528 1,802 12 8 301 4 979 - 2 371 450 472 1,293 51 87 202 396 685 14 2b. Dairy, pig, and cattle farming (share- 4,928 1,182 6,110 2,011 287 2,298 87 29 430 9 1,020 21 2,377 408 55 2,840 20 518 101 56 675 6 milking) 2c. Mixed farming .. .. .. 2,898 661 3,559 1,157 142 1,299 14 7 367 .. 704 4 1,019 331 63 1,413 13 239 61 55 355 6 2d. Sheep-farming .. .. .. 2,228 576 2,804 1,437 166 1,603 30 ]2 257 5 637 4 761 437 115 1,313 24 172 62 27 261 2 2b. Other farming .. .. .. 2,653 791 3,444 942 92 1,034 23 5 353 4 635 3 318 642 484 1,444 1 71 120 49 240 1 3a. Kauri-gum digging .. .. 76 15 91 43 4 47 .. 18 32 14 5 1 20 3b. ASorestation .. .. .. 2,494 522 3,016 917 99 1,016 21 3 229 1 547 2 979 241 73 1.293 2 163 34 24 221 4. Coal-mining .. .. .. 634 60 694 359 36 395 13 7 89 3 290 6 117 10 3 130 1 30 1 31 5. Gold-mining .. .. .. 923 128 1,051 507 109 616 9 .. 222 3 351 .. 85 18 1 104 23 1 1 25 6. Other mining .. .. .. 54 14 68 30 2 32 . . 14 16 8 7 . . 15 8 1 1 10 7. Quarrying, gravel-pits, &c. .. 575 136 711 215 23 238 10 2 59 2 124 1 125 100 42 267 .. 46 14 9 69 8. Meat freezing and preserving .. 3,986 624 4,610 950 73 1,023 32 1 218 2 663 1 230 91 110 431 12 116 89 84 289 4 9. Butter, cheese, and other milk products 571 111 682 235 18 253 10 4 48 1 138 2 96 28 23 147 1 15 4 4 23 1 10. Fellmongering and wool-scouring .. 254 69 323 86 12 98 1 30 66 17 22 5 44 2 31 5 .. 36 11a. Brick, tile, and pottery works .. 249 44 293 110 5 115 3 2 24 2 70 2 79 25 18 122 .. 26 9 .. 35 1 1b. Lime and cement works: Lime 218 40 258 75 5 80 4 28 1 47 40 5 61 106 1 8 2 2 12 1 crushing 11c. Concrete-block and fibrous-plaster and 149 30 179 54 10 64 1 1 [2 26 148 13 11 172 1 53 13 9 75 asbestos-sheet making 11d. Other stone, clay, earthenware, glass, 125 27 152 54 4 58 3 1 13 35 1 17 9 1 27 6 4 10 20 and mineral manufacturing 12a. Soap and candle works .. .. 86 17 103 24 3 27 2 9 1 11 9 27 24 60 1 6 6 13 12b. Boiling down, glue and manure, and 536 238 774 258 67 325 7 79 2 145 .. 29 285 316 630 1 38 135 112 285 chemical-fertilizer making 12c. Tanning .. .. .. 66 10 76 33 33 2 1 7 1 28 1 9 6 1 16 2 1 3 6 12d. Other chemical, animal, or vegetable 99 29 128 36 1 37 1 2 11 22 2 35 7 15 57 12 4 3 19 products 13a. Agricultural and farm machinery 170 40 210 72 5 77 4 3 21 40 1 17 23 11 51 4 3 4 3 10 manufacturing 13b. Engineering, including electrical .. 507 115 622 2J0 10 220 14 6 45 2 100 4 117 67 65 249 2 56 21 17 94 2

H.—llA.

23

13c. Other metals, machines, and 990 204 1,194 431 33 464 47 11 111 12 250 7 279. 161 73 513 6 87 49 j 28 j 164 1 implements i 14. Vehicles, manufacture of .. .. 936 282 1,218 274 46 320' 30 2 16 4 138 1 285 225 74 584 16 92 68 8 168 15. Ships, boats, and equipment .. 709 448 1,157 317 202 519 1 6 >1 1 163 4 8 44 1,022 1,074 .. 4 4 408 416 16. Jewellery and watches .. .. 33 4 37 18 1 19 2 6 10 3 1 2 6 1 .. 1 . 17a. Woollen-mills .. .. 224 29 253 61 5 66 5 32 2 44 20 5 4 29 23 9 2 34 17b. Other textile and fibrous materials .. 376 56 432 140 8 148 13 3 28 1 101 1 43 17 .. 60 23 6 6 35 18. Harness, saddlery, and leatherware.. 69 20 89 29 2 31 1 16 1 19 7 5 12 4 . . 4 19a. Grain-mills and cereal-food making .. 152 57 209 73 13 86 3 1 13 52 1 9 43 26 78 4 6 12 20 38 19b. Brewing, malting, and bottling .. 254 56 310 134 11 145 2 28 2 85 66 39 21 126 1 13 7 3 23 19c. Biscuit, bread, and confectionery 698 178 876 303 30 333 26 11 97 2 196 6 124 77 76 277 5 43 20 18 making 19d. Jam-making; fruit and vegetable 120 31 151 70 70 2 15 42 18 18 13 49 13 12 8 33 preserving 19e. Other food, drink, and tobacco making 194 47 241 66 7 73 9 2 22 1 30 1 44 30 75 149 1 4 5 12 21 20. Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and 731 177 908 272 31 303 26 5 87 9 175 3 233 89 37 359 4 72 23 12 107 1 basket making 21. Paper and Stationery, books, news- 602 141 743 285 20 305 ! 19 9 105 7 188 6 90 41 105 236 .. 8 6 43 57 papers, &c. (manufacture and printing) 22a. Boot, shoe, and slipper (not rubber) 255 78 333 111 4 115 6 4 37 72 2 56 40 11 107 .. 22 9 3 34 manufacturing 22b. Clothing, corset, hat, tie, &c., making 155 26 181 67 4 71 3 1 21 41 1 36 10 8 54 8 3 3 14 22c. Boot and shoe repairing and other 280 66 346 152 14 166 5 3 68 1 108 3 18 15 8 41 8 2 2 12 apparel manufacturing 23. Other manufacturing .. .. 178 37 215 68 6 74 8 1 24 3 33 45 13 7 65 14 8 5 27 24. Building and construction .. 6,692 2,753 9,445 2,767 436 3,203 97 30 625 15 1,507 13 1,516 2,662 1,260 5,438 67 495 809 232 1,536 13 25. National public works .. .. 7,689 2,022 9,711 3,931 397 4,328 131 19 1,170 41 2,451 11 8,792 3,942 280 13,014 28 1,311 416 47 1,774 8 26. Local-body public works .. .. 9,658 3,930 13,588 4,299 451 4,750 77 15 1,503 4 2,888 8 8,949 6,461 145 15,555 53 706 628 20 1,354 27. Gas, water, and electrical production 492 195 687 292 48 340 6 1 71 2 187 1 106 119 259 484 2 36 43 76 155 and supply 28. Railways (not railway construction) 1,148 365 1,513 646 76 722 24 12 146 5 390 8 558 415 441 1,414 6 46 53 136 235 29. Tramway and omnibus service .. 65 11 76 54 2 56 3 1 12 35 11 20 9 40 2 5 7 30. Other road services (including taxis) 2,436 631 3,067 1,025 126 1,151 57 16 232 13 615 8 257 193 731 1,181 20 46 51 145 242 31. Aerial transport (clubs and commercial 63 11 74 9 1 10 .. 23 5 12 13 4 29 2 9 3 14 services) 32. Water transport .. .. .. 3,807 3,223 7,030 1,769 819 2,588 109 76 514 68 1,264 67 185 96 5,100 5,381 456 46 11 1,131 1,188 22 33. Post and Telegraph radio and telephone 175 30 205 88 8 96 5 4 35 4 62 117 80 14 211 2 13 6 19 services 34. Property and finance .. .. 471 74 545 194 13 207 34 16 124 13 132 10 37 16 17 70 18 11 5 34 35. Commerce (dealing in commodities) 8,758 2,998 11,756 4,150 580 4,730 283 91 1,184 66 2,594 43 1,095 1,195 2,030 4,320 36 220 367 655 1,242 13 36. Professional .. .. .. 521 200 721 307 22' 329 43 16 130 18 188 8 234 173 115 522 5 28 72 35 135 1 37. Entertainment, sport, and recreation 1,402 664 2,066 756 105 861 21 5 311 4 515 2 886 588 441 1,915 3 53 68 99 220 38. Personal and domestic service .. 4,248 1,916 6,164 2,173 308 2,481 75 19 773 15 1,455 ' 12 778 577 1,468 2,823 6 176 194 302 672 3 39. National public service .. .. 819 224 1,043 433 67 500 12 6 158 2 269 3 432 295 343 1,070 4 103 135 38 276 40. Local public service .. .. 1,171 461 1,632 497 45 542 8 5 194 2 391 3 218 197 712 1,127 1 21 33 93 147 1 Totals .. .. .. 86,194 28,466 114,660 39,042 5,733 44,775 1,500 487 11,339 362 24,082 291 32,617 21,189 16,908 70,714 862 5,505 4,051 4,476 14,032 114

H. —11A.

Table XII.— Analysis of Immigrants who enrolled with the State Placement Service during the Period 22nd July to 31st December, 1938.

Immigrants from. British Countries. Immigrants from Foreign Countries. Great Britain . . .. .. 182 America .. .. .. .. 7 Australia .. . . . • . • • ■ 248 Asia .. .. .. . . 4 Canada . . .. . . . . .. 29 Europe .. .. .. .. .. 14 South Africa .. .. .. . . 4 Other British countries .. .. 22 Total .. .. . . .. 485 Total .. .. . . .. 25

Table XIII. —Analysis of Immigrants who enrolled with the State Placement Service during the First Quarter of 1939.

Immigrants from British Countries. Immigrants from Foreign Countries. Great Britain . . .. . . . . 190 America .. .. .. .. 3 Australia .. .. .. . . •. 509 Asia . . .. . . .. 4 Canada .. . • . • . . 37 Europo .. . . .. . . IB Other British Countries .; . . .. 14 Foreign Pacific islands .. .. 6 Total .. .. .. .. 750 Total .. .. .. .. 29

Table XIV. —Enrolments of Youths, by Months and Age-groups, from 1st April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939.

24

Table of Industrial Ability : Place of Origin. Table of Industrial Ability by Age-groups. Industrial Ability ll j « I f$ g . S |» j 8 o o o S Classification. cs <3 coN - c S o m °? "I* >? <# 1- | I fill * I |l s | N §s a | § & o £ Unskilled workers .. 93 155 14 1 14 2 2 3 .. 284 10 87 60 67 46 14 284 Semi-skilled workers .. 8 8 1 2 .. 1.. 20.. 5 8 5 1 1 20 Skilled workers .. 34 49 9 3 6 .. 1 2 104 . . 30 21 28 17 8 104 Commercial workers 28 24 3 2 3 1 .... 61 1 17 15 15 7 6 61 Professional workers .. 1 4 6 .. 11 1 1 6 1 1 1 11 Domestic workers .. .. 9 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 .. 3 5 3 2 .. 13 Unclassified workers .. 9 4 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .. 17 6 5 1 2 1 2 17 Totals .. .. 182 248 29 4 22 7 4 14 510 18 148 116 121 75 32 510

Table of Industrial Ability: Place of Origin. Table of Industrial Ability by Age-groups. •2 -d g ■§ 3 Industrial Ability || i j J || S . ® _j § o d Q 6 g -j Classification. g | Sj pq| 'g | § g | S if T i B g -P 1» 2 5 fcl 0 Q P c-i 12 <Sl O COTH s-g i S f Sg -3 « M o &* wo £ Unskilled workers .. 92 171 16 1 3 1 7 3 294 IS 92 54 85 34 14 294 Semi-skilled workers .. 13 47 6 .. .. .. .. .. 1 67 1 18 17 18 10 3 67 Skilled workers .. 47 254 11 7 1 2 .. 322 2 84 72 95 55 14 322 Commercial workers 20 20 3 4 1 3 2 53 3 12 13 17 5 3 53 Professional workers .. 3 3 3 .. 9 .. 3 3 .. 1 2 9 Domestic workers .. .. 10 11 1 .. .. .. .. .. 22 1 9 4 7 1 .. 22 Unclassified workers .. 5 3 .. .. 2 .. 1 1 .. 12 10 2 .. .. .. .. 12 Totals .. .. 190 509 37 . . 14 3 4 16 6 779 32 220 163 222 106 36 779

Boys. Girls. Month. Totals. Under 14 _ 16 i5_i 6 . ig-17. 17-18. 18 + . Sub-total. U^ er 14-15. 15-16. 16-17. 17-18. 18 + . 1938. April .. 2 16 25 24 26 7 100 6 10 8 13 23 60 160 May .. .. 2 13 40 35 26 3 119 2 11 16 11 33 73 192 June ■ • ■ • 1 19 35 60 39 7 161 6 19 22 15 47 109 270 July .. .... 14 58 58 45 7 182 .. 11 19 21 9 55 115 297 August . . 1 28 50 40 50 11 180 .. 21 29 34 17 75 176 356 September . . 4 9 39 45 42 3 142 . . 19 30 36 15 60 160 302 October . . .. 2 20 60 57 53 17 209 .. 14 21 24 27 64 150 359 November . . .. .. 43 76 66 46 10 241 .. 20 30 39 23 62 174 415 December . . 6 55 88 71 32 6 258 3 30 53 30 18 36 170 428 1939. January .. .. 6 87 154 119 67 15 448 1 24 50 53 26 63 227 675 February .. .. 1 73 11.8 96 62 19 369 2 16 55 56 27 63 209 578 March .. .... 30 81 80 47 9 247 .. 14 43 27 28 52 164 411 Totals .. 25 407 824 751 535 J 14 2,656 6 183 370 366 229 633 1,787 4,443

H.—llA.

Table XV. —Enrolments of Youths, by Months and Prior Status, from 1st April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939.

Table XVI. —Permanent Placements of Youths, by Industrial and Age-groups, from 1st April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939.

25

Boys. Girls. s '§■3 I'gg i§8 E in ass i«s d 13 Month. oo .1« s "■go S .§■3 8 2 •§ 53 g 80S -2 o 'C 2 © C 2 £ § 2 0 £0 «"§ i-'-n £ o .2 P £ fi'gS 2 *1 m » S 1s "•§» | H g® s >, g,s& s s» lb S'S S 1 1® & 5 2 |S 2<8H 2&H 2 SS 2 S N 3 F*i « h 1938. April 5 20 52 23 100 9 21 22 8 60 160 M a V " 12 33 50 24 119 10 10 35 18 73 192 Ja ne '' 7 35 67 52 161 10 29 51 19 109 270 julv " 5 33 62 82 182 5 41 43 26 115 297 August " . .. 11 46 72 51 180 17 57 53 49 176 356 September . . 16 46 51 29 142 20 63 41 36 160 302 October 29 70 67 43 209 14 44 47 45 150 359 November . . .. 18 93 87 43 241 14 77 43 40 174 415 December .. .. 65 132 40 21 258 22 112 20 16 170 428 1939. January . .. 132 169 92 55 448 39 104 40 44 227 675 February ' 79 150 80 60 369 25 81 51 52 209 578 March .. .. .. 26 81 85 55 247 15 65 38 46 164 411 Totals .. .. 405 908 805 538 2,656 200 704 484 399 1,787 4,443

Under IB. 15-16. 16-17. 17-18. Oyer 18. Industrial Group Index. : Boys Girls Total. Boys. | Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. P Iacea - 2a. Agricultural farming (crop- .. .. .. .. •• 2 .. .. 2 2 2 4 ping) 2b. Dairy, pig, and cattle farm- 1 .. 25 .. 20 .. 35' 31 .. 112 .. 112 ing (share-milking) 2c. Mixed farming .. .. 8 .. 14 21 23 4 .. 70 . . 70 2d. Sheep-farming .. .. 1 .. 1 5 3 .. .. 10 .. 10 2b. Other farming .. .. 5 .. 5 1 5 8 .. .. 23 1 24 11. Stone, clay, earthenware, 4 10 2 9 1 7 2 32 3 35 glass, and minerals 12. Chemicals, animal, or vege- 2 3 8 1 19 5 9 1 1 2 39 12 51 table products 13. Metals, machines, and im- 48 3 134 10 129 13 70 7 7 11 388 44 432 plements 14. Vehicles, manufacture of.4 14 20 3 3 .. 44 .. 44 19. Food, drink, and tobacco.. 9 3 16 22 15 13 25 16 4 12 69 66 135 20. Furniture and fittings, wood, 17 3 55 1 51 22 I 2 .. 147 5 152 cane, and basketwaro 21. Paper and stationery, books, 12 3 18 12 15 14 14 5 1 11 60 45 105 newspapers, and photographs 22a. Boot, shoe, and slipper 10 4 14 4 8 7 3 3 8 35 26 61 making (not rubber) 22b. Clothing, corset, hat, tie, &c., 3 27 12 59 11 47 13 17 1 45 40 195 235 manufacturing 22o. Boot and shoe repairing and 5 3 11 10 7 8 2 10 23 33 56 other apparel manufacturing 23. Other manufacturing . . 9 4 25 4 21.. 9 21 2 65 12 77 24. Building ■■ 7 .. 27 3 33 1 18 1 5 2 90 7 97 30. Other road services .. 6 .. 17 1 28 9 I 1 60 3 63 34. Property and finance .. 1 2 4 1.3 13 11 7 5 1 9 26 40 66 35 Commerce .. .. 78 39 139 103 125 90 86 43 9 100 437 375 812 36! Professional .. .. 2 5 3 9 6 19 6 11 .. 22 17 66 83 Others: Miscellaneous .. 16 25 43 41 68 60 49 48 9 186 185 360 545 Totals .. 248 124 595 296 629 289 421 163 81 423 1,974 1,295 3,269

H— 11A

Table XVII.—Temporary Placements of Youths from 1st April, 1938, to 31st March, 1939. Quarterly Comparison of Temporary with Permanent Positions filed.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not. given ; printing (1,130 copies), £42

Authority: E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington 1939.

Price 9d.]

26

Temporary Permanent Percentage of Temporary to Placements. Placements. Permanent Placements. Quarter. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Total. [ j April-June, 1938 .. .. .. ..104 30 j 286 153 I 36-36 j 19-61 ■ 30-52 July-September, 1938 .. .. .. 90 46 392 284 j 22-96 j 16-20 20-12 October-December, 1938 .. .. .. 99 56 I 426 326 23-24 17-18 20-61 January-March, 1939 .. .. ..103 46 I 870 532 11-84 8-65 10-63 Totals .. .. .. ..396 178 1,974 1,295 20-06 13-75 17-56