DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR: EMPLOYMENT DIVISION. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF LABOUR UPON ACTIVITIES AND PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION ACT, 1936.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1938 Session I, H-11a

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1938. NEW ZEALAND.

DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR: EMPLOYMENT DIVISION. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF LABOUR UPON ACTIVITIES AND PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION ACT, 1936.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

REPORT.

To the Hon. the Minister of Labotjb. Department of Labour, Wellington, Ist July, 1938. Sir,— I have the honour to present herewith for the information of His Excellency the GovernorGeneral the report upon the activities of the Employment Division of the Department in administering the Employment Promotion Act, 1936. This report, which is complementary with that submitted under my hand and dated Ist June, 1938, dealing with industrial and other matters, is prepared in compliance with the Labour Department Act, 1908, as amended by the Labour Department Amendment Act, 1936. The report covers the year Ist April, 1937, to 31st March, 1938, so far as financial statements are concerned, and the period 29th August, 1937, to 4th June, 1938, in respect of other data, except where otherwise indicated. I have, &c., J. S. Hunter, Secretary of Labour.

ADMINISTRATION. Although since the abolition of the Unemployment Board the administration of the measures dealing with the promotion of employment and assistance to unemployed persons has been controlled by the Labour Department, the Post and Telegraph Department still acts as agent on the Department's behalf in centres with no permanent Labour Department official. The policy of direct control by the Labour Department indicated in the previous report has resulted in a further reduction of Post Office responsibility during the past year. It must be stressed, however, that the Post Office represents a very valuable means for making local contact with applicants for unemployment relief both for the purpose of registration and for payment. This is especially so in small and sometimes remote places. At the present time Post Office officials are in charge of 162 of the 192 offices where there are permanent Government officers authorized to act as certifying officers for the purpose of certifying payments from the Employment Promotion Fund. The work done in Post and Telegraph offices represents about 20 per cent, of the total local office activities of the Labour Department and is subject to both Head Office and Inspectorial control by the latter. The staffing of offices presents difficulties principally on account of the fluctuations in the unemployment registrations and of the variations in the volume of work which this entails. Having regard, however, to the necessity for an efficient organization to carry out the functions for which the Employment Promotion Fund is expended, it can be stated that the facilities for the conduct of clerical work have been adequately adjusted to the varying volume of work. Improvements in the

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standard, remuneration, and working-conditions of the large number of the Department's temporary employees have recently been effected with a further improvement in general morale and esprit de corps. The remuneration of the temporary stafE employed throughout the Department's bureaux has been substantially improved in comparison with the virtual relief rates that had previously been paid for work which, in its essentials of administration, differed in no way from that of large departmental organizations. Working-conditions have, in many centres, been far from desirable and modern offices have gradually been established in place of the makeshift premises in which the district staffs have been housed. While Auckland and Christchurch have been given greatly improved quarters, the accommodation in Wellington and Dunedin (as well as some smaller centres) is still far from satisfactory. LEGISLATION. The Employment Promotion Act, 1936, was enacted on the Ist June, 1936, and regulations in pursuance thereof came into force on the 4th June, 1936. On the 4th April, 1938, additional regulations became effective. These regulations provided for the adoption of a declaration as to industrial and occupational status combined with an annual declaration of income other than salary or wages which had been required of taxpayers for the past eight years. Although the administrative activities as to employment tax are controlled by the Commissioner of Taxes, the amendment and extension of the annual declaration form was promulgated by the Minister of Labour as being the Minister responsible for the administration of the Employment Promotion Act. Accordingly, it is appropriate to describe here the purpose of the new regulations. Under the mandatory provisions therein contained every person, who under the Act is obliged to render a declaration in respect of income other than salary or wages, is bound to declare his or her industrial and occupational status. It is expected that, from the information thus made available, accurate and up-to-date employment statistics may readily be compiled. In the past, detailed information concerning employment and unemployment in various occupations and industries has been very meagre, owing to its source being almost wholly confined to the census returns which are obtained at periods of not more often than every five years. The knowledge which will be acquired from the declarations will be of great value in demonstrating the trends of employment and of the relative movements in different industries. It will also contribute to the provision of reliable statistics, which have unfortunately been so conspicuously absent in the past, for planning the availability of qualified labour in various occupations, for the execution of the work of vocational guidance centres, and generally for the proper administration of employment and cognate problems. Under section 12 of the Finance Act (No. 2), 1937, provision was made whereby every person for the time being engaged under New Zealand articles on an intercolonial trading ship within the meaning of the Shipping and Seamen Act, 1908, is deemed to be ordinarily resident in New Zealand for the purposes of the Employment Promotion Act, 1936, unless, in the case of any such person who is not in fact ordinarily resident in New Zealand, he satisfies the Commissioner of Taxes that he is liable for tax of a like nature to employment tax imposed in the country in which he is ordinarily resident. This enactment removed a previous anomaly whereby a number of seamen, not ordinarily resident in New Zealand, and employed as above on ships trading between Australia and New Zealand particularly, escaped liability for employment tax in either country. The section became operative from the Ist April, 1938. UNEMPLOYMENT POSITION. Unemployment registrations totalled 8,721 at 4th June, 1938. These figures (exclusive of 1,301 awaiting expiration of their qualifying period and included in the total of 8,721), represent men who state they are fit for work and' who have lost their engagement through no fault of their own. The number does not include men who have become a charge upon the Employment Promotion Fund through loss of employment on account of sickness, advancing years, etc. Eight thousand persons were receiving assistance at 4th June on account of unfitness for employment for health or other reasons. Statutory power to extend unemployment relief to such classes of persons was taken in the Employment Promotion Act, 1936. The total unemployed men at 4th June receiving and/or awaiting assistance from the Employment Promotion Fund was thus 16,721 as compared with 27,323 at 28th August, 1937, the date as at which the previous report was prepared. From the evidence so far obtained in the course of an individual examination of the physical and other qualifications of men on relief, it appears that a number of the relief recipients who claim they are fit for worK may be more correctly classified with the group now receiving assistance on account of ill health, indigency, &c. No account has been taken in the foregoing statements of the numbers of men in full-time employment subsidized in whole or in part from the Fund. The exclusion of these figures is consistent with Government policy in determining that the work capacity of every fit worker shall be preserved after he has lost his occupation by providing him with full-time work at award or other applicable rate of pay with State Departments or with local bodies. Having been provided with such work, whether subsidized wholly or partly from the Fund, the workers are no longer classified as genuinely unemployed. Accordingly, the official figures of unemployed published at four-weekly intervals have since September, 1937, excluded the numbers in subsidized full-time employment, but the expenditure on such has been

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included. This practice has conformed with the four-weekly method of presentation adopted in September, 1935. In the annual report presented to Parliament by the Unemployment Board in October, 1935, the inclusive figures were presented, however, but the report indicated that the extended form of publication would not be continued as the real unemployment position would be more correctly stated by including only those in receipt of some form of unemployment relief and not those in fulltime employment. Notwithstanding that intention, the extended figures were published in the last two annual reports, but the methods of subsidizing industry over the past two years have had the effect of making any such return even less reliable than it was in 1935, as many of the present subsidies are designed to promote the growth of existing industries, such as flax and gold-mining, and are not related to registered unemployed. For that reason the figures are now prepared on the system introduced in 1935, and no effort is made to relate to unemployment figures, subsidies to industry, and for full-time work where men are employed under standard conditions. Table VIII (a) in the Appendix reflects this alteration. In connection with the improved position of unemployment registrations it is of interest to refer to the statistics for exports and imports for the years ended 31st December, 1935, 1936, and 1937. The details are as follows :— Exports. Imports. Year. £ £ 1935 .. .. .. .. .. 46,050,783 36,317,267 1936 .. .. .. .. .. 56,263,215 44,258,886 1937 .. .. .. .. 66,208,876 56,160,695 The figures for export exclude re-exports and specie. Exports for 1936 showed an increase of 17-7 per cent, over 1935 and exports for 1937 showed an improvement of 19 per cent, over 1936. These particulars are quoted merely as an indication of the general prosperity which has contributed to the decline in unemployment registrations. A further indication is afforded by the following summary (continued from the previous report) relating to the national income as reflected by the employment charge collected : —

Income as shown by the Employment Charge collected.

Increase in Total Income represented by Wages-tax and Tax on other Income.

The present year has seen perhaps the most marked reduction in the registered number of unemployed since before the depression. If relative figures were available it would possibly be found that the number of genuinely unemployed to-day is less than at any period for many years. Although there is still a good number of men receiving sustenance relief out of the Fund, by far the majority are men who are totally unfit for employment. On account of their disability these persons should not be regarded as unemployed, but until such time as the Social Security legislation is passed, and the necessary administrative machinery established, assistance is being granted to them from the Employment Promotion Fund.

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Year. Salaries and Wages. Other Income. Total. £ £ ' £ 1931-32 .. .. .. .. .. * 22,837,950 22,837,950 1932-33 .. .. .. •• •• 54,586,800 22,280,460 76,867,260 1933-34 .. .. .. .. .. 57,332,460 29,072,070 86,404,530 1934-35 .. .. .. .. •• 61.163,550 28,324,350 89,487.900 1935-36 .. .. .. .. .. 66,209,280 37,094,910 103,304,190 1936-37 .. .. '.. .. ■■ 78,309,960 49,207,920 127,517,880 1937-38 .. .. • .. .. .. 91,053,060 51,000,000f 142,053,060 * Wages-tax not collected. t Based on estimate of collections of tax on income for the year 1938-39.

Salaries and Wages. Other Income. Total. Year. i ~ i ~ T~~~ Ppii r^f fc 7* Amount. „ , Amount. j „ , Amount. I _, , Cent. ! Cent. ! Cent. £ £ £ Increase of 1933-34 over 1932-33 .. 2,745,660 5-03 6,791,610 30-48 9,537,270 12-41 Increase of 1934-35 over 1933-34 .. 3,831,090 6-68 747,720* 2-57 3,083,370 3-57 Increase of 1935-36 over 1934-35 .. 5,045,730 8-25 8,770.560 30-96 13,816,290 15-44 Increase of 1936-37 over 1935-36 .. 12,100,680 18-28 12,113,010 32-66 24,213,690 23-44 Increase of 1937-38 over 1936-37 .. 12,743,100 16-27 1,792,080| 3-64 14,535,180 11-40 * Denotes decrease. f Estimate only.

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ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT REGISTRATIONS. In last year's report it was indicated that an attempt was being made to conduct, through the medium of personal interviews, an analysis of the potential employability of relief recipients. After a considerable degree of preliminary work arrangements were finalized for interviews between selected departmental officers and each person assisted from the Fund whom it was deemed necessary to examine for the purpose of determining the prospects of rehabilitation into the industrial spheres from which each such person had been displaced or excluded and for which he was now best suited. Beginning in a small way, a few officers were chosen to conduct interviews along lines laid down by skilled psychologists whose valuable services were freely given to the Department. The number of officers was later enlarged as opportunities for their training were presented. It is not practicable to engage a large staff on work of this nature for the reason that the lines along which the interviews are to be conducted and the conclusions to be drawn must necessarily be founded on a common basis, and too many interviewing officers militate against the desired uniformity. At the present date it is estimated that the personal analysis will be finished by the end of August. When all reports have been assembled the task of examining them will be undertaken. The unemployed will be broadly classified into employable and unemployable groups and the degree of employability of the first group will be examined and the measures indicated that may be necessary to restore or create maximum utility through the medium of training or treatment. The final classification of the unemployed will be as follows, unless experience derived from the course of the analysis justifies a different subdivision : — (1) Those sixty-five years of age and over. (2) Those qualified both by reason of personal conditions and of adequate industrial experience for full-time employment. (3) Those personally qualified by reason of physique and mentality but lacking adequate industrial experience. (4) Those qualified by industrial experience but disqualified by some personal condition either mental or physical. (5) Those disqualified on both grounds —i.e., industrially and personally. Independently of the personal analysis, the Department made a census in March, 1938, in respect of persons on the register at that date. The census was designed to show the conjugal status, age, industrial classification, employment and unemployment history of each person. Much useful information has been obtained from this source and it is recorded in the statistical tables IX, IXa, &c., in the Appendix hereto. To be of full value the census should be taken at least half-yearly so that the trend of employment in industry may be accurately determined. The information which will be derived from a repeated census of this nature will facilitate research into labour turnover, casual unemployment, &c., the location of the greatest concentration of unemployment throughout the Dominion, the periodic comparisons of unemployment at different intervals, an insight into the influence of policies, and the provision of knowledge upon which long-term policies may be based. Of equal significance to the Department is the location of industries and research into industrial movements of employment and unemployment. Valuable information on these points will be derived from the declarations as to industrial status which were returned with the declarations of income other than salary or wages (E.T. 55) in May last. In addition to repeating in the Appendix a table relating to age-groups and duration of unemployment as was done last year, an exhaustive analysis of unemployed men, according to their industrial classifications, has been made and is contained in Table IXa. An occupational classification of unemployed was published some years ago, but the analysis now published is more detailed and moreover indicates the industries in which men were last employed. Occupational distribution is of much less importance than industrial classification in an endeavour to determine the trend of employment and unemployment in the industrial sphere. The following figures illustrate how the distress arising from unemployment is more widespread than is indicated by the brief official intimation that a certain number of men were on relief at a given date. As at the 4th June, 1938, the numbers of men in receipt of work-relief and sustenance (including men unfit for work) were as follows :—

The letters at the head of the columns indicate the conjugal classification of the relief recipients. A. classification represents single men, B. married men, C. married men with one child, D. married men with two children, and so on.

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■ A. B. 0. U. E. ! P. G. H. I. J. K. I L. M. Totals. l___ _ I I Sustenance .. 5,245 | 3,389 ] 1,393 978 663 396 243 152 95 30 15 I 6 3 ;12,608 Scheme 5 .. 1,029 , 569 I 362 242 196 149 I 97 78 57 24 5 4 .. 2,812 ' I | I ! i _ Totals .. .. 6,274 3,958 j 1,755 [ 1,220 ! 859 ' 545 ' 340 j 230 152 54 20 10 3 115,420

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From these figures it is estimated that applicants and their dependants provided for from the Employment Promotion Fund at the above date were as follows :— Single men .. .. .. .. . . .. 6,274 Married men . . . . .. .. . . . . 9,146 Women .. .. .. .. .. .. 9,146 Children .. .. .. .. .. .. 13,841 •38,407 The incidence of unemployment falls more heavily upon married men, and that the evils arising from lack of work are thus more widespread is well indicated by the above summary of the conjugal classifications of the unemployed. EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION FUND. Details of the receipts and payments for the year ended 31st March, 1938, are contained in the audited statement as .per Table V of the Appendices hereto, while a summarized comparison of the figures for last year with those of previous years is set out in Table I. The year commenced with a cash balance of £253,000. The revenue received during the year amounted to £5,145,101 as against £4,260,545 for the previous year, an increase of £884,556. The sum of £448,854 was received from the registration levy, £3,027,490 from wages-tax, £1,628,675 from the special charge on " other income," and £40,082 from penalties for late payment of the levy, interest, and other miscellaneous receipts. Reference to the previous year's report shows that the yield from employment tax for 1937-38 was estimated at £5,180,000. The estimate thus differed by less than 1 per cent, from the revenue collected. No better indication can be obtained of the prosperity existing in the country to-day than by an examination of the revenue received from employment taxation. Compared with the previous year, the revenue from taxation has increased by £880,000, which represents an increase of 20-83 per cent. The increase in the revenue from wages-tax was £436,650, or 16-85 per cent., and represents an increase during the year ended 31st March, 1938, in the amount of salaries and wages paid to persons liable for the tax of £13,100,000. The increase in the revenue from the special charge on " other income " is £435,100 over the collections for the financial year ended 31st March, 1937. In the latter year, however, credit notes to the extent of £36,866 (issued in the previous year to persons who had paid the whole year's tax at the rate of lOd. in the pound) were used for the payment of tax, and if this sum is added to the actual collections for the financial year 1936-37 the true increase in the revenue from the special charge on " other income " will be £398,237, or 32-36 per cent. This sum represents an increase during the year ended 31st March, 1937, in the incomes liable for this charge of £12,000,000. Salaries and wages for the year ended 31st March, 1937, increased by £12,000,000, so that over the last two years wage-earners who pay employment tax have benefited to the extent of over £25,000,000. Incomes of persons liable for the charge on " other income " received an increase of £12,000,000 in the year ended 31st March, 1937, over the previous year. Until returns for the year ended 31st March, 1938, have been fully analysed it is not possible to say by how much incomes during the last financial year have further increased, but the tax received up to the present from this source indicates that incomes apart from salaries and wages have shown a further increase of some millions. The payments from the Fund during the year amounted to £4,239,456, a decrease of £174,555 as compared with the previous year. Expenditure on Scheme 5 and sustenance both show substantial reductions, while the expenditure on the promotion of full time employment is considerably greater than last year. This reflects the policy of the Government in the transfer of men to full time employment on useful works of a national or local character in preference to the payment of sustenance. The balance remaining in the Fund at the end of the year was £1,158,890. The revenue for the current financial year is estimated at £5,377,000, an increase of £232,000 over last year's collections. It is therefore anticipated that approximately £6,536,000 will be available for expenditure during the current financial year, and that this amount will be more than is necessary for immediate relief requirements. There will thus be increased resources available for implementing the policy of providing full-time employment for all physically fit men out of work. Any surplus cash-balance at 31st March, 1939, after meeting outstanding commitments will, no doubt, be taken into account in the social-security scheme. REVIEW OF BENEFITS TO UNEMPLOYED. As well as providing many additional men with full-time work at standard rates of pay (referred to under Scheme No. 13, full-time employment), the following measures have been introduced since the 28th August, 1937, for the further improvement of the conditions affecting relief recipients Christmas and New Year Relief, 1937-38. The usual payment at Christmas of a bonus to all relief recipients who were in receipt of sustenance or of work-relief where the wages covered part-time employment only was sustained for 1937, an expenditure of £45,730 being made in this respect, as against £56,981 for 1936. Single men were paid a bonus of £1 each and married men £2 each, provided they actually received relief assistance in the week ended the 4th December, 1937, or, if they registered after this date and prior to Christmas, provided they had received relief at any time in the three months preceding the 4th December, 1937. Men employed part-time on relief works, men on the gold-prospecting scheme, clerical workers, and men on special full-time works were also given two weeks' holiday on full pay for the weeks ended Ist and Bth January, 1938. Special full-time works were closed down for two weeks and sustenance was paid for that period, together with the Christmas bonus, to workers under these schemes. In the majority of cases the concessions thus granted exceeded the holiday pay to which the men might have been entitled under awards or industrial agreements.

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Relief Payments. No increase in relief rates of pay has been made since August, 1937, for classifications " A " to " I " (inclusive), but in excess of "I " class fresh classifications as set out hereunder have been established. The maximum relief rates formerly stopped at "I " class. The rates for the new grades became operative from the 31st January, 1938.

The maximum permissible income scales were also amended from the 31st January, 1938, to deal with the above classifications and Scheme No. 5. The Scheme No. 5 rates were originally the same as for sustenance, but these now go to a common maximum of £4 for " C " and higher classifications. The following table summarizes the existing rates of sustenance and work-relief for the various conjugal classifications, together with the relative scales of maximum permissible earnings

In view of the enlargement of the number of conjugal classifications previously recognized by the Department and the concomitant alterations in scales of relief and maximum permissible earnings (both for Maori and European), it is desirable to set out again in their up-to-date form the tables of relief rates, past and present, which were presented in the previous year's report. These tables set out the rates which previously operated, together with the increases granted since Ist June, 1936, and 31st January, 1938 : —•

Improvements in Status, &c., of Europeans.—Scheme No. 5.

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Classification. 06 Scheme S Rates - s. s. d. " J " married men, with eight children . . . . . . .. 67 70 6 " K " married men, with nine children . . . . . . . . 71 74 6 " L " married men, with ten children .. . . .. . . 75 78 6 " M " married men, with eleven or more children. . .. ■ .. 79 80 0

Classification Sustenance Schemes [Maximum Allowable Income. ' Bates - Ratea - J Sustenance. | Scheme 5. ! ! £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. ; £ s. d. " A" single men .. .. .. ..100 110 2 00 200 " B " married, no children .. .. .. ! 1 15 0 1 18 6 3 0 0 3 0 0 " 0" married, with one child .. .. .. 119 0 226 300 400 " D" married, with two children .. .. 230 266 300 4 0 0 " E " married, with three children .. .. 270 2 10 6 320 400 '" F" married, with four children .. .. 2 11 0 2 14 6 3 6 0 4 0 0 " G " married, with five children .. .. 2 15 0 2 18 6 3 10 0 4 0 0 ■■ H" married, with six children .. .. 2 19 0 326 3 14 0 400 "I" married, with seven children .. .. 330 366 3 18 0 400 "J" married, with eight children .. .. 370 3 10 6 3 18 0 400 " K" married, with nine children .. .. 3 11 0 3 14 6 3 18 0 4 0 0 " L " married, with ten children .. . . 3 15 0 3 18 6 3 18 0 4 0 0 "' M " married, with eleven or more children.. .. 3 19 0 400 400 400

Old Rates. Rates Amount of Increase. Class. ■ Kstricts. S Towns! y Centres, Countr y Distriete - Secondary Towns. Main Centres. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. % £ s. d. % £ s. d. % A.. 0 12 00 14 00 17 0110090 75 070 50 040 24 B .. 1 1 0 1 4 0 1 7 0 1 18 6 0 17 6 83 0 14 6 60 0 116 43 C .. 1 5 0 1 8 0 1 11 0 2 2 6 0 17 6 70 0 14 6 52 0 11 6 37 D .. 1 9 0 1 12 0 1 15 0 2 6 6 0 17 6 60 0 14 6 45 0 116 33 E .. 1 13 0 1 16 0 1 19 0 2 10 6 0 17 6 53 0 14 6 40 0 116 30 F .. 1 15 0 1 18 0 2 1 0 2 14 6 0 19 6 56 0 16 6 43 0 13 6 33 G.. 1 17 02002302 18 6 116 58 0 18 6 46 0 15 6 36 H.. 1 19 02202 5 0326136 60 106 49 0 17 6 39 I.. 210240270366156 62 126 5] 0 19 6 42 J .. 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 10 6 1 9 6 72 16 6 60 13 6 50 K.. 2102402703 14 6 1 13 6 81 1 10 6 70 17 6 58 L.. 2 1 0 240 2703 18 61 17 6 91 1 14 6 78 1116 67 M .. 2 1 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 4 0 0 1 19 0 95 1 16 0 82 1 13 0 70

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Sustenance.

Comparison of the old and new scales shows that the average weekly increases in unemployment relief rates were : — From Ist June, 1936 (Scheme No. 5), and from 30th November, From 31st Janu--1936 (Sustenance). ary, 1938. Per Week. Per Week. (a) Men resident in country districts — £ s. d. £ s. d. Scheme No. 5.. .. .. .. 0 18 8 138 Sustenance .. .. . . . . 0 18 6 13 7 (b) Men resident in secondary towns — Scheme No. 5 .. .. .. .. 0 15 11 10 9 Sustenance . . . . .. . . 0 15 7 10 7 (c) Men resident in main centres — Scheme No. 5 .. . . .. . . 0 12 11 0 17 9 Sustenance . . .. .. .. 0 12 8 0 17 8 (d) Maoris — Scheme No. 5.. .. .. .. 119 168 As has already been stated, classifications " J " to " M " inclusive have only been operative from the 31st January, 1938, but the present rates for classifications " A " to " I " inclusive have been in force from the Ist June, 1936. Improvement in Status, &c., of Maoris. As from 2nd March, 1936, Maoris were placed on the same footing as the pakeha, and the lower rates of pay which had previously obtained were increased as from that date accordingly. The following table sets out the old Scheme No. 5 rates of relief for Maoris as compared with the increases granted from 2nd March, 1936, from Ist June, 1936, and from 31st January, 1938 : —

The foregoing rates represent an average increase over the old rates of £1 6s. Bd. per man per week.

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Present Old Rates. „ , Amount of Increase. Kates. Class. As from bKI 8 xSS7 Ce M nts. Country Districts. Secondary Towns. Main Centres. 31/1/38. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. % £ s. d. % £ s. d. % A.. 0960 12 00 14 01000 10 6 111 080 67 060 43 B .. 0 18 0 1 1 0 1 4 0 1 15 0 0 17 0 94 0 14 0 67 0 110 46 0 .. 120 150 180 1 19 0 0 17 0 77 0 14 0 56 0 110 39 D .. 1 6 0 1 9 0 1 12 0 2 3 0 0 17 0 65 0 14 0 48 0 110 34 E .. 1 10 0 1 13 0 1 16 0 2 7 0 0 17 0 57 0 14 0 42 0 110 31 F .. 1 12 0 1 15 0 1 18 0 2 11 0 0 19 0 59 0 16 0 46 0 13 0 34 G .. 1 14 0 1 17 0 2 0 0 2 15 0 1 1 0 62 0 18 0 49 0 15 0 38 H .. 1 16 0 1 19 0 2 2 0 2 19 0 1 3 0 64 10 0 51 0 17 0 41 1 .. 1 18 0210240330150 66 120 54 0 19 0 43 J.. 1 18 0210240370190 76 160 63 130 52 K .. 1 18 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 3 11 0 1 13 0 87 1 10 0 73 17 0 61 L .. 1 18 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 3 15 0 1 17 0 97 1 14 0 83 1110 70 M .. 1 18 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 3 19 0 2 1 0 108 1 18 0 93 1 15 0 80

New Rates. Weekly R t teS t a D * ! Increased Rates I Total Percentage Class. previously increased Rates > r , . T , „ 7 ,, T T B r .. ■■ . „ , ,, , from 1st June, Weekly Increase. Increase, operative. from 2nd March ; d to 31st May, 193... January; ]Q38 £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. A .. .. 0 9 6 0 14 0 110 0 11 6 121 B .. .. 0 18 0 14 0 1 18 6 ] 0 6 114 C . . .. 12 0 18 0 2 2 6 10 6 93 D .. .. 160 112 0 266 106 79 E .. .. 1 10 0 1 16 0 2 10 6 10 6 68 F .. .. 1 12 0 1 18 0 2 14 6 12 6 70 G .. .. 1 14 0 2 0 0 2 18 6 14 6 72 H .. .. 116 0 2 2 0 3 2 6 16 6 74 I .. .. 1 18 0 2 4 0 3 6 6 18 6 75 J .. .. 1 18 0 2 4 0 3 10 6 1 12 6 85 K .. .. 1 18 0 2 4 0 3 14 6 116 6 96 L .. 1 18 0 2 4 0 3 18 6 2 0 6 106 M .. .. 1 18 0 2 4 0 4 0 0 2 2 0 J 110

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As far as practicable an endeavour is made to provide work for all unemployed Maoris on Native-land-development schemes through the Native Department. Where relief employment is provided, Maoris are engaged on contract work, the contracts being based on the public works standard rate of 16s. per day. At the completion of each contract the men are required to stand down for a period to permit of average earnings over the whole period according to the following special scale :— Per Week. s. d. Single men .. .. . . .. . . . . 30 0 Married with up to five children .. .. . . . . 60 0 Married with six children .. .. . . . . .. 62 6 Married with seven children .. .. .. .. ..666 Married with eight children .. . . . , . . . . 70 6 Married with nine children . . . . . . . . . . 74 6 Married with ten children .. . . . . . . 78 6 Married with eleven or more children .. ... .. .. 80 0 Assistance to Men taking up Distant Employment. Provision by way of sustenance allowance for bona fide dependants, with a maximum of £2 per week paid by the Department for a period of two weeks from the time men went off relief, was formerly made for the maintenance of the dependants of workers who secured distant unsubsidized full-time employment. This assistance was available whether the employment was offered by the Public Works Department or any other employing authority, public or private. This concession was granted only for men, who, at the time of proceeding to the full-time unsubsidized work, were actually in receipt of Scheme No. 5 or sustenance relief. This policy has been continued, but, in addition, where a worker is placed in subsidized employment at a place where he is unable to return home daily, he is granted his normal sustenance allowance for the week in which he commences his employment, provided he starts later than Monday. Assistance to Men returning prom Full-time Employment. Where men return from unsubsidized full-time employment, the usual qualifying period for the receipt of unemployment relief is still imposed. Where, however, they return from Scheme 13 subsidized works, no requalifying period is enforced and a form of assessment of relief is adopted which ensures that the men are not penalized on account of their earnings on such works. Sickness and Wet Weather. Scheme No. 5 workers are paid for time lost through wet weather without being required to make it up later, and are paid for odd days lost through sickness at Scheme No. 5 rates." The previous limitation of sickness payments to not more than three consecutive weeks and notmore than six weeks in any one period of twelve months was removed as from the 2nd December, 1937, and sickness benefits, subject to various considerations, may now be paid for an indefinite period at the rates ruling for sustenance. SICKNESS ALLOWANCES. For a time sickness payments were restricted to men on the register, but the scope of the allowances has been extended to allow of payments to men, who, although not on the unemployment register at the date of sickness, are in necessitous circumstances and would receive the sickness allowance if they were on the register. Applicants for sickness allowance are required to produce medical certificates in proof of sickness, although these may be waived where the term of allowance is short and where the individual circumstances are well known to the local responsible officer of the Department. All claims are subjected to close and constant supervision to prevent imposition on the Employment Promotion Fund. In this respect special attention is directed by district offices to obtaining medical certificates at regular intervals, to the proof of the means and resources of applicants, and to the possibility of recoveries by way of Workers' Compensation, Motorists' Thirdparty Risk, or of assistance from Friendly Societies and Hospital Boards. These factors have direct bearing on the authorization and amounts of allowances granted. FLOOD DAMAGE, HAWKE'S BAY. Arising out of very heavy floods in Hawke's Bay, many farmers there found themselves unable to carry on, partly due to loss of revenue from their farms and partly on account of the fact that they were unable to meet the financial obligations involved in the rehabilitation of their farms. The Employment Division, together with representatives of other Departments, immediately investigated the position m order to determine the extent to which State aid would be necessary. It was found that assistance was greatly needed in many instances by way of grants and loans to distressed farmers and others and by way of providing labour for the restoration of fences and damaged property generally. The Division set up a special branch in Napier to cope with the situation and handle

8

H.—llA

expeditiously the many applications from property-holders. The officers of the Division carrying out these duties work in collaboration with representatives of the Public Works, Agriculture, Lands, and Treasury Departments. A brief description of the forms of assistance is as follows : — (1) Where the farmer is still receiving some revenue from the property or other sources assistance is granted under Scheme 4a. Under this scheme the weekly rates jof relief range from 15s. per week for a single man up to 535. per week for married men. Approval is given for a period of thirteen weeks, after which a further investigation is made if an extension is required. (2) (a) Where the whole or greater part of the property is affected and the farmer has no financial resources he is employed on his own property at £4 per week. Eight weeks is the maximum period for which £4 per week may be paid, but applications for extension are entertained subject to further investigation: (b) Assistance by way of labour subsidies to be paid up to full labour cost (2s. per hour for a forty-hour week) is also granted to farmers in respect of men engaged on the rehabilitation of their property. (3) The supervision of the sowing of the seed and general farm rehabilitation is undertaken by the field officers of the Departments of Lands, Agriculture, and State Advances Corporation. The payment of the wages of any foreman engaged in the work of supervision is also met from the Employment Promotion Fund where required. , (4) Cost of transport of men allocated from Napier and Hastings or other distant points out to the farms is also met from the Employment Promotion Fund. (5) Provision has been made for the supply of tools, gum boots, &c., to men engaged on flood-damage-restoration works. The schemes outlined above are working very satisfactorily. Over two hundred applications for assistance have been dealt with, and over three hundred and twenty men have been engaged either as farmers employed on their own property or as workers provided therefor. The farmers generally have been very appreciative of the assistance granted, and little difficulty has been experienced with the labour employed. PROMOTION OF EMPLOYMENT. The activities for the promotion of employment outlined in the previous report have continued to be pressed forward with undiminished vigour. Assistance in various ways has been available to further the development of industry and to promote general employment. The possibilities which exist for the establishment of enterprises capable of economic operations have been encouraged by grants and loans from the Employment Promotion Fund. The rehabilitation of existing industry has shared with new ventures the financial resources of the Fund. In the former category falls the substantial aid afforded to the farmer in flood-damaged areas and to the fruitgrower whose crops have suffered from frost and blight —within the latter class comes the assistance given, amongst others, to the flax, timber, coal, and tobacco industries, and to the reclamation and subdivision of land for farming purposes. Indiscriminate aid to all and sundry who require financial assistance for commercial ventures is carefully avoided. Grants and loans for such purposes from the Fund are made available only if the objects of the proposed expenditure comply with the following principles : — (a) The financial assistance must be for the development of primary and secondary industries in New Zealand, and the establishment of new industries, so that an increasing number of workers will be required for the efficient carrying on of such industries : (b) The expenditure must not mean the bolstering-up of uneconomic enterprises by subsidies or tariffs, but must incorporate intelligent control and development of industries which the Dominion should be able to carry on to meet the requirements of her own population. Financial assistance to industries is in every case preceded by a thorough and impartial study of each application by the Bureau of Industry, which requires to be satisfied that the economic welfare of the country would be advanced by the provision of State assistance. The absorption of unemployed men into gainful occupations in industries fostered by State assistance must necessarily be an unhurried process. Until absorption is fully achieved the State is faced with the problem how best to retain the faculty and ability of the fit worker. Past experience has shown that the payment of sustenance for lengthy periods not only destroys the ability to work, but gradually diminishes the desire to obtain employment. In the light of this experience and with the increased resources available in the Employment Promotion Fund, it was decided that every effort should be made to provide full-time employment for every physically fit man on the unemployment register who has not yet shared in the expansion of trade and industry which has occurred over the past three years or who is faced with the recurring seasonal spells of unemployment which are experienced by the workers connected with the primary industries of the Dominion. Liberal subsidies have been made available to local bodies to put in hand worth-while works to enable additional men to be engaged. The public works programme has also been expanded to provide work for additional men, and where the work is not of sufficient reproductive value to justify the whole cost being met from capital funds, subsidies are granted out of the Employment Promotion Fund to meet the cost in excess of the economic value of the work.

2—H. 11 a.

9

H.—lla.

o^ 11 We^ve m onths particular efforts have been made to encourage the provision of work by State Departments and public employing authorities. The activities have been recently intensified m a determined attempt to place in full time work every available fit single or married man who desires it. if he does not accept without good reason then he is no longer regarded as eligible for relief. The inauguration of these efforts in June, 1937, marked a major change in the policy adopted towards fulltime works promoted by means of subsidies granted from the Employment Promotion Fund for the relief of able-bodied unemployed. Formerly, the subsidies granted from the Employment Promotion ±or thls purpose under Scheme 13 were restricted to amounts of 30s. and 455. per man-week for registered and eligible single and married men respectively, employed full-time at award rates (or at public works rates where awards were not in force), or were calculated on the basis of 12 per cent of the total cost of the work conditional upon a stipulated percentage of the necessary labour being engaged Irona the unemployment register. It was found, however, that the restricted subsidies provided insufficient encouragement to local bodies and other employers to proceed with' works of unquestionable public value which they had available, but which they were not disposed or were unable to finance. J he tull-time work scheme was introduced partly with the intention of bridging this gap and by the provision of larger subsidies (sometimes 100 per cent.) for wages costs, giving impetus to the promotion of useful full-time works, and partly for the purpose of putting able-bodied men off the unemployment register into full-time work. Tins change of policy has led to criticism based principally on an expressed aversion to the promotion of full-time works of alleged doubtful financial value at standard full-time rates of wages. Various aspects of the problem may therefore be briefly referred to. A person or group of persons obliged to make a living and engaged in industry cannot employ others at a loss. Employment is governed to some extent by equation of demand and supply, and a person m search of work cannot usually get it in industry unless that equation can be effected. This does not mean that the field of employment is exhausted, as there is always a demand for various kinds of services and amenities which are not called into being by the operation of demand and supply in industry. It is m the supply of these services that full-time works for able-bodied unemployed have been found, the cost of which is largely, as stated, being borne by the Employment Promotion Fund. It is a characteristic of the modern State that the line of demarcation between the functions of industry and the functions' of State in the supply of goods and services should frequently be an indeterminate one. There can be nothing wrong in the State providing employment for persons whom industry cannot absorb, and the field of such employment is precisely that area of economic activity which is desirable for society, but which, under existing conditions, is not commercially profitable. It is fully recognized that works for the relief of unemployment are frequently, to some degree, unproductive. This does not mean that the worker's labour adds nothing to the community wealth. There must be some direct loss, admittedly, where he is employed on non-productive works. The ablebodied unemployed constitute a labour reserve of industry, and the loss, in consequence, arises out of the necessity of retaining the quality of employability in the ever-changing personnel of this reserve of man power. If this necessity is admitted, and it does not appear to admit of dispute, there must be an equal recognition of the practical and moral claim that the reserve of labour is entitled to reasonable wages to preserve its employability, as well as to keep it intact from want. In consequence it is proper that the community should bear the burden of the direct loss which, owing to the operations of various economic forces, may become greatly reduced, or even negligible, in amount. Although relief works have always been regarded as a means of affording relief to the unemployed, it should be understood that they can, and ought to, be utilized as a force to compensate or moderate usmess fluctuation. If they are to be really effective as an agency of economic stabilization, comprehensive measures are required which look towards their utilization not merely as a remedy when trade depressions occur, but in part for prevention of the causes of depression. That is to say, just as public expenditure on setting works in hand may diminish unemployment, if it is incurred at a time of trade depression when private enterprise is slack, so it may diminish unemployment in prosperity if it is planned to employ classes of labour which for some special or seasonal reason are unemployed and not likely to be readily absorbed in a carefully planned expansion of enterprise. In carrying out the programme of financing full-time works it has been necessary to ensure that employment can be found, suitable in place and character, to the class of unemployed labour in view The objective is to find work to be done which is at once valuable for public purposes, suited to the kind of men unemployed, and if possible (in the case of married men) either within reach of their homes or so placed that they can reach it without excessive cost. The work must not compete with that of persons already in employment, and it must be work that is not likely to interfere with the "resumption of regular employment in the men s own trade. This list of requirements cannot be easily met, but arising out of thorough organization and the fulfilment of a clear-sighted policy of approval of only those proposed works worth while, this can be fairly stated to have been achieved under the present scheme. If the park or the swimming-bath or the new cemetery is really needed, if the amenities of the country or town are improved and its rateable value is ultimately increased, the ratepayers will benefit by the provision of such assets. The social evil of unemployment is such that it is better to employ men m non-profit earning but economic ventures of this kind than not to employ them at all. As society frequently suffers from a maladjustment of production and distribution it is advisable for efforts of readjustment to be made over the largest area possible, and this policy is followed at the moment in the distribution of full-time work for the unemployed throughout the country.

10

H.—lla

There seems to be a good reason why, if the community requires more houses, a better domestic water-supply, improved roads, &c., than can at the moment be supplied by public bodies from their loan or revenue funds, these needs should be met. The finance being available, any expenditure is justified which meets even an unexpressed demand of the people, especially if the relief of unemployment is concurrent therewith. Even if the funds are not available out of current revenue, but represent a capital item, the familiar principle that national expenditure must be considered in terms of economic advantage rather than in terms of financial gain should be adhered to. It is the responsibility of the State to minimize unemployment to the greatest degree possible so that the population will be maintained on as high a standard of living as is practicable. In the past the failure to see what was really happening to the unemployed man and the non-availability of sufficient funds for expenditure purposes caused many wrong courses to be followed, and the unemployed did not receive to the full from the rest of the community the help which they needed. The provision of good and useful works at normal full-time rates of pay is intended to rectify this. , The principle of combining State action with voluntary action is adhered to, as due recognition is given to the fact that the local bodies and other employers under the scheme will give consideration to the principle of the provision of undertakings which even if not payable in a commercial sense, may have distinct economic advantages. It should be noted that the functions of wages earned from these works in the solution of the unemployment problem are to improve the standard of living, to promote industrial output, to make domestic life easier, to liberate purchasing-power and thus increase the demand of the consumer, and to provide a potential means for the retention of prosperity. The employers under the schemes are in the main local bodies, the activities of which in a young country like New Zealand can almost always be enlarged to provide undertakings of a useful nature fit and" suitable for the absorption of unemployed labour. Labour is also made available to schools, private bodies not established for profit, and to Government Departments. The work performed is of a miscellaneous character, the following being some of the various classes : — Formation, metalling, widening, &c., of streets and roads ; levelling, formation, improvements, &c., to parks, reserves, domains, school grounds and hospital grounds, &c., land drainage, river clearing, river protection, &c. ; borough and Town Board sewerage works ; afforestation : footpath construction, kerbing, and channelling, &c. ; irrigation ; eradication of noxious weeds ; sand-dune reclamation ; railway duplication and improvements ; flood-damage restoration. Some thousands of men have been placed with local bodies and State Departments on these useful works which would have had to wait for some considerable time if depending on finance other than assistance from the Employment Promotion Fund. To use the Employment Promotion Fund so as to secure full-time employment of this nature for disengaged men is certainly carrying out the functions of the legislation more thoroughly than by just making sustenance payments. Work of this type should not, and will not, be extended, however, so as to interfere with the requirements of private industry, but so long as there exists a surplus of labour this class of work is certainly more desirable than sustenance payments which represent a dead loss to the community. In concluding the foregoing review of the full-time work policy, some further comment upon the desirability of paying adequate wages to the workers may appropriately be made. From a study of the published statistics from the last census (1936) in connection with incomes of European members of the community and from an examination of the incomes of male persons as indicated by the employment charge collected, the median wage of male workers is approximately £255 to £260 per annum, or about £5 per week, for males of the age of twenty years and over. The works under Scheme 13 described above are carried out at not less than the existing public works basic rate or at the local current award rate if this is higher. Thus, the minimum weekly rate of remuneration is £4 and the average is about £4 10s., which is below the median wage of the community, as it should be, but is consistent with the remuneration usually paid by the community for the type of labour required to carry out the works performed under Scheme 13. THE UNEMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK. The problem of unemployment today, and for future generations, may not be how to provide subsistence for persons out of employment, but how surplus labour may be absorbed in socially useful ways at rates of pay consistent with those enjoyed by the rest of the community. If organized society does not afford any employable man an opportunity of earning a living in the ordinary channels of industry and the natural resources and powers of production of the community are ample and sufficient for the provision to every man, woman, and child of a comfortable standard of living, then there remains the problem of best utilizing his energy. The existence in the midst of the working community at any given time of a body of unemployed able workers appears inevitable, and, with the constant improvement in management and technology, there is a possibility that the number will increase up to that time when actuarial estimates predict a downward trend in the population figures. There appears no reason to anticipate that mechanization of industry will not increase to a considerable extent although this may be more applicable to the industries of the towns than to the industries of the rural areas. This growth of technology appears likely, in the light of past experience, to be accompanied by diminution in the capacity of private undertakings to absorb surplus labour with the consequent need for the breach to be filled by national means. In the expenditure of national funds it is clear that the unemployed should not be placed in competition with industry. If, however, the able-bodied unemployed were placed on a long-term and large scale work programme, this policy would result in a substantial decrease in the volume of unemployment to the benefit of society.

11

11.- 11a

Under Scheme 13 to-day, every endeavour is made to ensure that unemployed workers are placed in avenues of activity wherein private citizens, business enterprise, and regular departments of Government do not normally function. It appears that no better and no more generous policy can be followed although still be done m the direction of ascertaining the full scope of work available in this direction. Even on aby no means exhaustive examination, however, it appears that the number and variety of these socially useful employments are boundless. It has been learned in the older countries that, notwithstanding economic self-sufficiency unemployment can and does arise with unprecedented volume. The lesson to be learned from this' is that economic buoyancy is not necessarily the key to universal employment. If, therefore, we were to set out with the intention of becoming economically self-sufficient, we might achieve valuable national results without making the Dominion totally immune from unemployment. All this appears to direct attention to the necessity for more concentrated study and action in connection with the relationship of labour to industry and to ensure that every single factor constituting our industrial system is brought under review. Much as one might deplore the evils existing at the present time arising out of unemployment, it may be infinitely worse to embark upon a policy designed to provide relief which, taking a long-range view, may result m exceedingly far-reaching reactions to the detriment of the Dominion's economic life. STATE PLACEMENT SERVICE. Since its establishment a little over two years ago the State Placement Service has achieved a large measure of success m the performance of the functions for which it was designed—namely to man industry and commerce with the most suitable available labour and so reduce unemployment • to serve the best interests of both employer and employee, and to secure for the community the benefit of the special tiaming and qualifications possessed by any disengaged individual It should be remembered that at the time of the inauguration of the Service there was no pattern from which to work, and, accordingly, the evolution of this piece of departmental machinery has been largely a pioneering work The continued and enlarged patronage of employers indicates that the Service is filling a real need, while the increased number of enrolees who are not relief recipients demonstrates enhanced confidence, on their part, that the utilization of the Service affords the most likelv channel of approach to employers. Incidental to the function of locating and filling vacancies much welfare work has had to be undertaken, particularly in connection with the placement of disabled men and youths and with the industrial and social rehabilitation of those who, under the stress of protracted and enforced idleness, had descended in the scale of good citizenship and social responsibility. The fact that the State of Victoria, after an exhaustive study of the New Zealand system has instituted and intends to expand a Service which is almost identical in form and which is operating with marked success, is an indication that the methods evolved in this country will stand the test of application elsewhere. This fact also implies that the New Zealand methods are such as to ensure the greatest efficiency and, therefore, the greatest benefits to employers and workers alike Placement Results. It is desired to emphasize once again that the term " placements " indicates " positions filled " In some cases the one individual may have been engaged several times within the year Comparative results for 1936-37 and 1937-38 are :—

— 1 I I (N.B. Table excludes placements with Government Departments and local bodies, and Table X of the Appendix shows the distribution among provinces of positions filled durine the fourteen months, Ist April, 1937, to 31st May, 1938. Table Xa indicates the origin, according to provinces, of all enrolments during the same period. 6 The 1937-38 figures reveal placements averaging 3,700 per month, while those for 1936-S7 average only 2 689 per month This increase in the monthly average of positions filled has coincided with a general industrial and commercial expansion, receiving its initial stimulus in the previous year and manifesting itself m a progressive economic buoyancy after several years of depression The increase m placements has been related to the intensive programme of State housing which was launched m 1936 and has gathered momentum in the years 1937 and 1938. Economic recovery has resulted in an augmentation of the staffs of offices, workshops, warehouses, factories, &c„ and the demand made upon the Placement Service in 1937 was exceptionally heavy. With the advent, however of 1938 the ca for labour became more stabilized on account, principally, of the absorption into industry of the bulk of disengaged workers. The fact that placements averaged 3,700 per month for the fourteen months ended June of this year is a reflection of the high standing which the State Placement Service occupies with employers and workers alike.

12

1937-38. 1936-37. Fourteen Twelve Total Months. Months. Permanent (over three months) .. .. .. \q \\2 14 qoq 09 jA n Temporary (over one week but less than three months) .. 9' 004 21' 842 Casual (up to one week) .. .. .. .. 2 o'849 29^793 51,799 32,276 84,075

H.—lla

A study of the industrial distribution of the 51,799 placements effected in private industry during the fourteen months mentioned provides considerable interest because of the ebb and flow of industrial activity which it indicates. The most salient feature of this distribution has been the wholesale liquidation of unemployment among artisans. Particularly in the building trades has this liquidation been noticeable. At the present time there are very few first-class tradesmen, either carpenters bricklayers, or plasterers, who are without work. In fact, there is a distinct shortage of trained men in the two former trades, and this shortage undoubtedly is largely responsible for the limits to building expansion which are at present being encountered. A. similar buoyancy in the employment figures of mechanical and engineering trades has also been remarked, while there has been a great impetus given to the absorption of men in the metal-manufacturing industries, particularly in motor-car engineering and assembling. Parallel with the increase observed in the numbers employed in the many trades there has been a comparable increase in the number of " white collar " employees. Clerks who had been without engagement for years 011 end during the depression have been widely employed, while the numbers of commercial travellers and contact workers have likewise expanded. For the purpose of gleaning something of the actual statistical dispersion of placements among various occupations the nature of all positions filled during a period of four months from January 31st, 1938, to May 31st, 1938, has been observed. Information obtained by reference to this particular cross-section of placements indicates that during the period mentioned the total of positions filled was distributed among occupational groups in the manner indicated by table Xn in the Appendix. A continuance of these observations in conjunction with a study of the results derived from such a census as was taken in March, 1938 (see Tables IX, IXa, &c.), will provide valuable data in connection with research into industrial movements of employment and unemployment. Shortage of Skilled Labour. In view of the shortage of labour experienced in the skilled trades, a good -deal of effort has been directed towards securing the engagement of youths in the 18-25 years group as adult apprentices, a total of 469 of such apprenticeships having been arranged in the year ended 31st May, 1938. Vocational training has been incorporated in the syllabus of military training undergone by reservists, and this, too, should add its meed towards eventually relieving the shortage of skilled workers. Farm Labour Provision. The important part which the primary-producing industry plays in the New Zealand economy makes necessary the presence of an efficient machinery to meet the labour needs of farmers, and in this field the Placement Service has made sustained endeavours. No opportunity has been lost by Placement Officers to contact farmers, irrespective of their location, by post, pamphlet distribution via cream-cans, by personal approach, and in every other practicable manner. The guiding concept has been the need to see that the farmers obtain labour of the best possible kind whenever they should need it. Comprehensive efforts have been made to interest young men in rural work, and the administration of a farm-assistance scheme whereby inexperienced youths may be subsidized for a certain period has been undertaken with gratifying results. It has been found possible to satisfy agricultural labour needs most effectively by administering the dovetailing of surplus labour with unsatisfied demand centrally from the Head Office in Wellington. To this end, returns are forwarded from the twenty-four branch offices to the Head Office giving particulars of farm labour available and in demand. The placement of this class of worker is thus centrally supervised. In consequence of the compilation of special returns as to labour supply and demand, the Service has been able to assist both farmers and farm hands materially, and by the operation of the same procedure it is expected to meet the demand for agricultural workers during the coming season with the utmost efficiency. Savings to Employment Promotion Fund. For the year ended 31st May, 1938, the approximate saving to the Employment Promotion Fund, effected through the transfer of enrolees from relief to employment, was £434,949. This amount was arrived at by calculation according to the average relief disbursement which the Employment Promotion Fund has been required to make weekly in respect of each person receiving assistance payments therefrom. Taking £4 per week as the average wage of individuals placed, the Fund would be swelled by an additional sum of £34,100 collected during the year by way of wages-tax. Consequently, the aggregate savings to the Fund for the year amounted approximately to £469,049. In calculating these figures no account has been taken of the thousands of men placed with Government Departments and with all types of local bodies, those placed in casual employment, nor of the placement of females. Placement of Disabled Men and Welfare Work. Much work has been done in securing the absorption in employment of physically disabled workers . Men who have lost the full or partial use of a limb or limbs, men who have been afflicted with defective vision or total blindness, and those suffering from deafness and dumbness have all been willingly helped by the Placement Service. In numerous cases employers have been specially contacted and successfully urged to give these unfortunate persons a chance to get into remunerative employment. In one case a youth of 17 J years who had enrolled at a placement office bad secured

13

H.—lla.

his Proficiency and had pursued the Technical College commercial course for one year. His reports showed that he was well above the average in all subjects, including shorthand and woodwork. His history disclosed that he had had rickets as a baby. Oil enrolment he suffered from general physical motor laxity, his muscular movements being feeble, his speech slow, with little control of lips ; the muscles controlling the head movements were weak and the combined difficulties of articulation and head control gave the impression that he was subnormal. The combination of these difficulties had very greatly prejudiced his chances of employment. He had had several jobs but had not been able to hold them down. The youth was placed upon a special diet and taken to a physical culture instructor who set him to work on a particular course of training. Within one month this young fellow had shown a marked improvement in his speech, a gain in weight of 12 lb., a growth in chest measurement of 2|- in., and a rectification of curvature of some 3| in. In all-round demeanour, poise, and physical efficiency striking improvement had been manifested. Work of a temporary nature was found in this case, and meanwhile the lad is persevering with his physical training. It is expected that when further progress has been made in this respect it will be possible to place this youth readily in a position offering prospects. Naturally, the placement of disabled men requires the performance of much work of a welfare nature. In a few instances it has been found possible to equip cases of deafness with modern acoustic devices, and to provide amputees with modern artificial limbs. A typical instance of welfare work performed before placement is that of an enrolee who was noticed, to be suffering from a serious scalp disease. Arrangements were made with the appropriate hospital authorities for this man to receive special medical treatment together with a nutritious dietary in which regard the hospital authorities were very helpful. As a result of these efforts this man was helped towards a cure and was finally drafted into suitable employment. There is little doubt that had assistance not been given when it was, the condition of the man would have deteriorated to such an extent that he would have been incapable of working at all and would inevitably have become a charge upon the State. The welfare side of the work performed by the Placement Service (of which the above are but illustrations) has been made possible largely through the co-operation which hospital boards and various social welfare organizations have so willingly given. The value of the work which has been done in these cases cannot be overemphasized. Hope and courage have been given to men who might, without the aid lent them, have sunk beneath the accumulated burden of unemployment, physical handicap, and utter hopelessness. Another problem of a social nature which has had to be dealt with has been the rehabilitation of men who through prolonged unemployment have lost the will to work. Cases have been encountered of men who were entirely apathetic regarding the acceptance of work. They were content to drift along, retrogressing steadily in their social and moral outlook. Men of this type have received assiduous attention at the hands of Placement Officers, and wherever possible argued out of their apathy. Innumerable cases could be cited of men who, acting upon the counsel of Placement Officers, have made determined efforts to pull themselves together. Many of these men have demonstrated strikingly, in the progress they have made, that if given a decent opportunity they will regain their self-respect and serve the community as productive workers and good citizens. Youth Employment and Vocational Guidance. No efforts have been spared to secure the employment of youths, and a Youth Campaign was aunched in furtherance of this objective in the middle of 1937. At this time, schools and technical colleges were being drained of all available employable younger boys before any great reduction of unemployed youths in the older age-group was remarked. At the middle of last year it was estimated that there were some 5,500 young men between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five who were not only workless, but also did not appear to have any prospects of embarking upon vocations. Accordingly, in all the principal towns of the Dominion committees were established on which employers and workers were represented. At the close of May of this year, some 94-2 young men had been placed in positions with good prospects of making them a life's work. This total included some 424 long-term engagements, while the balance indicated mainly the number of apprenticeships, both ordinary and special, which had been effected through the activities of the campaign since its inception. A great number of the balance of youths in this age-group have subsequently obtained private employment of varying nature. Early this year the planned administration of youth employment was undertaken in the youth centres, the machinery of which provides for the vocational guidance of youths of both sexes and their placement in employment. The centres are dealing with boys from school-leaving age up to eighteen years of age, and with girls from such time as they leave school until they reach the age of twenty-one. In this work the Education Department is co-operating with the Labour Department, the vocationalguidance officers from the former Department now working together with the secretaries of the youth centres, who are under the control of the Labour Department. Selected school-teachers have been appointed as careers advisers in many of the larger schools to ensure that the greatest possible number of boys and girls shall receive vocational guidance. The careers advisers are generally directed by the vocational guidance officers, who are located in the four main cities. The work similar to that conducted by the youth secretaries in the four main cities is performed in the secondary towns by the Placement Officers. The vocational guidance being performed by the youth centres covers the study of the interests, aptitude, and training of boys and girls. It involves their instruction in choice of career, and this instruction gives promise of a chance of a vocation suited to the temperament and ability of the youths ;

14

H.—lla.

while it also avoids, as far as is possible, the tragedy of the misfit in employment. The guiding thought in the administration of the youth centres is the necessity of assisting and encouraging youths so that their service to the community will be of the highest possible social value. In the centres combined vocational guidance and career-building work is being undertaken, and the pre-placement careers of boys and girls are being studied thoroughly. Right through primary and secondary school, through the co-ordinated work of headmasters and careers advisers, the development of the boy or girl is being studied, encouragement always being given to the special ambition of the youth, although, of course care is taken to see that ability is present in sufficient degree to make that ambition realizable. Meanwhile, the youth centres are building up a knowledge of local industries, factory by factory, in order that their special aspects and requirements can be considered in relation to the placement of boys and girls. UNEMPLOYED WOMEN AND GIRLS. No material changes have been effected during the past year in the policy of assisting unemployed women and girls through the medium of the Women's Employment Committees, and the Department again acknowledges its indebtedness to these committees for the valuable assistance rendered by them. During the year ended 31st March, 1938, a total sum of £9,037 was made available to these committees from the Employment Promotion Fund to meet administration costs and to cover the disbursements made by way of relief assistance to eligible unemployed women and girls. Although the sustenance allowances paid to unemployed females (10s. per week, plus 4s. per week if living away from home) are less than the rates paid to unemployed men, women recipients are in most cases also provided with free meals in addition to the cash payment and, in cases of necessity, with articles of clothing and footwear, so that in the aggregate the total assistance granted in cash and kind is of a considerably greater value than that provided to unemployed men in similar circumstances. What is considered to be a desirable policy is also followed in that female registrants are generally required to attend at occupational centres where they are engaged in cooking and sewing, &c., and are also trained in domestic work. Meals are provided at these centres. The value of requiring attendance and occupation at these centres in preference to permitting a period of total idleness, particularly so far as young girls are concerned, will be fully appreciated. The following table shows the occupations and age-groups of those unemployed women and girls registered at the four main centres as at 4th June, 1938 ; the total of 265 represents an increase of 27 over the number registered as at 31st July, 1937 : —

During the period ended 4th June, 1938, 845 temporary and 890 permanent placements in private employment were made by the committees, 46,013 meals were supplied to unemployed women and girls, and, in addition, 182 articles of clothing and twenty-three pairs of shoes were granted in necessitous cases. The above table does not possess any unusual features, except, perhaps, the proportionately high number in the lower age-groups of the registered unemployed factory employees. The committees explained thq,t registrations in this occupation were comparatively high in April and May of this year due to a seasonal slackness in trade, which, however, appeared to be of a temporary nature only, and although there was still a fair number registered at 4th June there was every indication that the improvement already shown at that date would be continued.

15

Usual Occupations. ™~ 19 I?- 24 25-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60 Years 1 Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. and over. J -'-"' iuD - Office work .. .. 2 .. .. 3 6 2 . . 13 Shop-assistants 2 4 2 4 . . .. 1 13 Factory employees ..19 25 5 3 2 1 . . 55 Dressmakers or tailoresses .. 2 .. .. 3 2 .. 7 Milliners .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 1 .. 3 Housemaids .. . . 2 1 . . 1 . . 1 .. 5 Waitresses .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. 2 Cooks.. .. .... .. .. .. 3 3 6 Kitchenmaids .. .. 1 .. 1 1 .. 1 .. 4 Laundresses .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 1 .. 5 Charwomen .. .. . . .. . . 2 6 16 .. 24 Domestics .. .. 11 15 8 16 20 32 102 Nurses (trained) . . .. . . . . . . 1 1 . . 2 Nurses (children's) . . .. . . . . .. 1 .. . . 1 Machinists .. .. 5 4 .. .. .. 9 Housekeepers . . .... . . 1 . . 4 1 . . 6 Others .. .... 2 1 2 2 1 .. 8 Totals .. .. 42 55 19 34 51 63 1 265

H.—lla.

Registrations in the higher age groups again approximate 50 per cent, of the total number, and it is the women in those groups who present the greatest difficulty in placing in employment. Of the total of 265 registrations it is estimated by the committees that approximately eighty, or 30 per cent., are unfit for ordinary employment due to physical disabilities, &c. Undoubtedly, many of these were provided for by Hospital Boards prior to the introduction of special unemployment assistance for females, and it appears likely that a number will be assisted by way of pensions or otherwise when the Government's social security proposals become operative. The committees have all commented that there is a constant demand for capable domestic worker? and that no young woman or girl need be out of employment who is suitable and willing to take up domestic work. Although the problem of dealing with the unemployment of women and girls is almost dormant at the moment, the operations of the committees give valuable data in various aspects. It has been claimed on many occasions that unemployed women and girls should be provided with relief direct by the employment bureaux of this Department, but in view of the satisfactory results achieved under existing arrangements it is clear that no change at present is justified. SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES OF THE EMPLOYMENT DIVISION. Although these were described in full in the previous year's report, it is not inappropriate to record again a resume of the wide variety of functions exercised by the Employment Division. In general terms the main activities are (a) The administration of relief for unemployed persons. (b) The promotion of work and industries for the absorption of surplus labour. (c) The placing in close' contact of possible employers with employees through the medium of the State Placement Service. The following tabulation briefly sets out the extensive field of operations falling within the main activities referred to above :— (1) General administration of Employment Promotion Fund, entailing operation of Head Office, bureaux controlled by permanent officers of the Department, and bureaux controlled by officers of the Post and Telegraph Department. (2) Registration of unemployed. (3) Calculation and payment of — (i) Sustenance, with work in return ; and (ii) Sustenance, without work in return, to (a) war pensioners, (b) invalidity pensioners, (c) economic pensioners, (d) waterside workers, (e) railways good-shed workers, (/) freezing-works workers, (g) general intermittent workers, and (h) other unemployed persons. (4) Issue of supplementary relief in the form of — (i) Rations. (ii) Boots. (iii) Blankets. (5) Payment of relief during sickness. (6) Payment of subsidies for full-time work at award rates. (7) Organization of rotational plan of works. (8) Organized prospecting of gold-bearing areas under properly qualified mining engineers and geologists and properly supervised gold-winning operations. (9) Maori unemployment — (i) Grants to Native Department. (ii) Issue of coupons for rations to Natives on sustenance. (10) Youth employment — (i) Special campaign for absorption of those between eighteen and twenty-five years of age. (ii) Subsidized training in building and related trades. (11) Boy and girl employment : Establishment of special section operating in close co-operation with vocational-guidance officers of the Education Department (four special offices). (12) Operation of State Placement Service (twenty-four special offices). (13) Special efforts on behalf of physically disabled men. (14) Financial assistance to women's and girls' committees. (15) Vocational training of— (i) Youths between eighteen and twenty-five years. (ii) Physically disabled. (iii) Boys and girls. (16) Interviewing defaulters in respect of employment tax. (17) Prosecutions in respect of employment-tax defaulters and of persons defrauding the Fund, and general legal work relative to the various schemes. (18) Verification of circumstances of applicants for relief benefits. (19) Issue of transport orders, tools, equipment, &c. (20) Grants towards improvements of school buildings and grounds. (21) Insurance of certain classes of workers. (22) Cash grants for assistance of men proceeding to distant full-time employment. (23) Flood damage relief (and rehabilitation of affected properties).

16

H—lla.

(24) Assistance by way of grants and/or financial and labour subsidies towards — (a) Eradication of ragwort and other noxious weeds. (b) Rabbit-extermination. (c) Gold-mining companies. (d) Fruit-growing industry : (i) In respect of increased costs of fruit for sale in New Zealand ; (ii) frost-relief to orchardists ; and (iii) citrus-fruit industry. (e) Coal-mining industry. (/) Flax industry. (g) Fireblight control and eradication. (h) Kauri-gum industry. (i) General land development. (j) Development of pakihi land. (k) Woolpacks-manufacture. (I) Railway improvements and duplications. (m) Irrigation projects. («) River-clearing. (0) Afforestation. (p) Aerodrome-construction. (</) Dangerous railway-crossing elimination. (r) Local-body water and sewerage schemes. (s) Tobacco industry. (t) Farming industry —(i) Scheme 4a : Farmers on own property ; (ii) Scheme 4b : Development-works calculated to increase production of primary products ; (iii) Scheme 4f : Training of youths and young men in farming with view to permanent absorption ; and (iv) small-farm plan : Grants towards capital costs and of sustenance to occupiers. (25) Departmental representatives attached to— (1) Bureau of industry. (ii) Small Farms Board. (iii) Defence. (iv) Major Works Committee. (v) Building Committee. (vi) Building Training Committee. Although the above description is not an exhaustive one it illustrates the ramifications of the work involved in providing for unemployment relief and obtaining employment for disengaged persons. The record does not take count ot all the research work, investigations and action which almost always precede even a minor change of policy ; it does not indicate the vast amount of detail work ever present in the continuous control of the relief and wages payments to a large body of men ; and it does not draw attention to all the problems attendant upon the administration of two hundred offices and upon the work necessary to keep the Departmental machine flexible and adaptable to all those numerous and various demands which are so freely and constantly made on it.

3— H. 11 A.

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APPENDIX.

An Appendix dealing with various matters, some of which have already been covered in the body of the report, is attached hereto. A descriptive list of the tables contained herein is as under :— •

Table I. —Statement showing, Annually, Receipts and Payments of the Employment Promotion Fund.

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Table jj 0 _ Description. I Statement of Annual Receipts and Payments. II Statement of Annual Administrative Expenses. III Statement of Expenditure on Foodstuffs (Rationing System). IV Statement of Contributions to Fund —Registrations, Exemptions, &c. V Statement of Receipts and Payments for Year ended 31st March, 1938. VI Statement of Expenditure on Unemployment Relief (Government Departments). VII Statement of Numbers wholly or partly a Charge on Fund for Period 6th June, 1936, to 28th August, 1937. VIII Statement of Numbers on Relief since 1931 (up to 28th August, 1937). VHIa Statement of Numbers of Unemployed from 25th September, 1937. IX Statement of Duration of Registered Unemployment according fo Age-groups, &c. IXa Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution of Unemployed according to Agegroups and Period of Present Registered Unemployment. IXb Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution of Unemployed. IXc Statement showing Conjugal Classification of Unemployed according to Age-groups. X Statement showing Number of Positions with Private Employers filled by State Placement Service during the period 1st April, 1937, to 31st May, 1938. Xa Statement showing New Enrolments with State Placement Service and the Reasons for enrolling during the Period 1st April, 1937, to 31st May, 1938. Xb Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution of Placements effected during the Period 31st January, 1938, to 31st May, 1938. XI Maps showing Geographical Distribution of Unemployed.

I I " Year ended I Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended Year ended 31st March ; 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March 1931.* 1932. 1933. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. 1938. Cash in Fund at beginning of .. 69,115 184,967 424,426 621,518 1,332,946 406,711 253 245 year Receipts. kfT 229,000 538,503 429,004 428,550 433,665 416,335 440,562 448 854 Wages-tax.. .. .. .. 490,053 2,471,028 2,891,715 2,821,824 2,468,019 2,590,832 3 027 490 lax on income other than .. 220,245 1,120,404 1,106,602 1,349,230 1,035,672 1,193 571 1628^675 salary or wages Subsidy from Consolidated Fund 159,247 1,118,753 Miscellaneous .. .. 9| 2,530 7,563 13,466 35 i 380 40^082 Total •• ■■ 388,256 2,439,199 4,212,966 4,864,759 5,245,078 5,289,563 I 4,667,256f 5,398,346 Payments. Grants under section 36, Em- 313,209 2,200,545 3,594,637 3,972,186 3,397,099 3,464,104 2,596 617 2 528 553 ployment Promotion Act, 1936 Loans under section 36, Employ- .. 10,340 21,633 20,919 14,403 24,620 17 082 12 34? ment Promotion Act, 1936 Payments under section 35, Em- .. .. .. .. 39;362 86 347 f)1 000 2g 12Q ployment Promotion Act, 1936 Loans under section 35, Employ- .. .. .. _, 8,000 34 266 11 324 29 495 ment Promotion Act, 1936 Sustenance under section 37, Em-; .. .. 12,960 33,302 239,983 807,095 1557 215 1349 162 ployment Promotion Act, 1936 Purchases of food, &c, under .. .. 58,667 104,278 73,885 98,445 27 444 7 564 section 38, Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Allowances to persons entitled .. .. .. .. 400 166,603 66 869 48 290 to assistance under section 38, Employment Promotion Act, 1936 Loans under section 38, Em- .. .. .. _ _ ,. ployment Promotion Act, 1936 Administration expenses .. 5,932! 37.347 100,643 j 112,556 139,000 201,372 76,445{ 235,000§ „ , . , , „ 319,141 2,254.232 3,788,540 4,243,241 3,912,132 4,882,852 | 4,414,011 I 4,239 456 Cash m hand at end of year 69,115 184,967 424,426 621,518 1,332,946 406,711 253,245 j 1,158.890 Total ••■ ■' | 388,256 2,439,199 4,212,966 | 4,864,759 5,245,078 j 5,289,563 4,667,256f| 5,398,346~ * Period 11th October, 1930 to 31st l.arch, 1931. t As a result of the passing of the Employment Promotion Act 1936 for (he T*l if' 0 t ? 0m f 31st May .' 183 6,.and merged in the Employment'promotion Fund. The fibres °L™ iqm a ft'* • ' theretore comprise receipts and payments under both the old and the new legislation. .fFion 1st June, 1.988, adimmstration expenses were provided from the Consolidated Fund under vole, Labour The amount expended from this source to 31st, March, 1937, was £189,720, of which the sum of £60,000 was recouped from the Employment Promotion Fund, and is included in the amount of £76,445. § The sum of £278,603 was provided from the ('onsolidated Fund for administration expenses, and of this amount £235,000 was recouped from the Employment Promotion Fund

H.—llA.

Table II. —Statement showing, Annually, Administration Expenses.

Table III.—Statement showing Expenditure on Foodstuffs distributed through Rationing System during the Past Four Years.

Table IV. —Statement showing Number of Levy Contributors to Employment Promotion Fund and Total and Partial Exemptions from Payment of the Registration Levy. llegistrations— Numbers. Total number of live enrolments as at 31st March, 1937 .. . . .. .. .. 539,497 Number of enrolments during year ended 31st March, 1938 .. .. .. .. .. 21,891 561,388 Less deceased .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,311 555,077 Less to adjust cancelled and dual registration .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,656 Total as at 31st March, 1938 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 540,421 Exemptions from payment of registration levy— ■ • Number of persons granted total exemption as at 31st March, .1937 ; . . ... .. .. 44,507 Number of exemptions granted during the year ended 31st March, 1938 —- (a) Under War Pensions Act, 1915, in respect of total disablement : .. .. 34 (b) For war service in the war of 1914-19, in respect of -total disablement .. 46 • (c) Under the Pensions Act, 1926 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,936 ; (d') Sixty-five years of age and over .. .. .. .. 1,603 „ (e) Natives (within meaning of Native Land Act, 1909) ... .. , v ... "•» .. 37 •• (/) On account of objection on religious grounds ' .j .. ; J _-j .... 9 (g) Physical or mental disability to follow regular occupation .1 .... j • •'•• .. 406 ".■ * \ ' (h) Inmates of mental hospitals .. .. .. .; .. •. . , . 382 Sub-total .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 4,453 . , , . ; ~, -■ 4,453 • • Number of persons granted total exemption as at 31st March, ;1938 • .. .. .: . 48,9.60 Partial exemptions during the year ended 31st March, 1938 (one or more instalments)! — . . . . i ' ' Number of i Instalments • • ■- • - ' ■ iayplved. (a) Inmates of hospitals, mental hospitals, prisons, &c. .. .. - .si;""-.. .. , _ ,3,508 (b) Students ~ .•• .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. 3,590 (c) Physical and mental disability .. .. .." " .. .. .. .. ...» 4,871 • -(d) Hardship .. ... .. ... • .... .. . .. _ 5,503 Total .. .. .. .. ... ' ... .. :.. 17,472

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1931-32. 1932-33. I 1933-34. 1934-35. 1935-36. 1936-37. 1937-38. ; I [ £££££££ (1) Total expenditure, including unpaid 2,208,197 3,839,807 4,311,360 3,938,381 4,774,895 4,416,558* 4,283,059f creditors, at 31st March Plus cost of collection of levy retained 4,000 6,500 J % } by Post Office 2,272,197 3,846,307 4,311,360 3,938,381 4,774,895 4,416,558* 4,283,059§ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ (2) Amount of administration expenses in- 55,015 95,165 117,335 128,953 . 197,264 212,441* 278,603 eluded in total cost shown above Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. (3) Administration expenses as percentage 2-42 2-47 2-72 3-27 4-13 4-81 6-50 of total cost ; - * Since 1st June, 1936, the cost of collecting employment tax and lew has been borne by vote, Land and Income Tax, and is not included in this figure : but included is the sum of £137,543 provided from the Consolidated Fund (vote, Labour) tor administration costs. t Includes the sum of £43,003 provided from Consolidated Fund (vote, Labour) for administration costs. t Cost of collection of levy for these years was appropriated, and is therefore included in total expenditure. § Subject to amendment when final figures for the year are available.

Financial Y ear elided . Cost..' £ 31st March, 1933 .. .. .. 38,023 31st March, 1934 .. .. .. 49,669 31st March; 1935 ... . .. .. 38,641 31st March, 1936 .. .. ,. 37,650 31st March, 1937 .. .. . .. 24,079 31st March, 1938 .. .. .. 9,309 Total .. .. .. .. £197,371

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Table V.—Employment Promotion Fund. Receipts and Payments Account for the Year ended 31st March, 1938. Receipts. Payments. £ s. d. Administration expenses .. .. .. 235,000 0 0 Balances, Ist April, 1937 — £ s. d. £ s. d. General work relief .. .. .. 485,423 1 9 Cash .. .. .. 253,220 8 9 Gold-prospecting schemes .. .. .. 101,311 12 2 Imprests outstanding .. 24 16 0 Promotion of employment on farms .. .. 68,229 0 2 253,245 4 9 Promotion of employment in building trades .. 64,203 11 4 Registration levy.. .. .. 448,853 15 7 Promotion of full-time employment .. .. 1,453,730 16 1 Penalties for late payment Promotion of employment amongst boys .. 2,044 11 6 of levy .. .. .. 26,592 910 Promotion of employment amongst women .. 9,036 14 10 Employment charge— Promotion of employment amongst Natives .. 335,544 15 4 Tax on salary or wages Assistance to industry .. .. .. 27,153 15 6 paid by cash .. 1,650,168 11 3 Sustenance allowances .. .. .. 1,349,161 10 11 Tax on salary or wages Miscellaneous grants and subsidies .. .. 3,997 17 0 paid by stamps .. 1,377,321 18 7 Compensation, ex gratia payments, &c. .. 7,304 0 4 — Purchase of food, clothing, &c. .. .. 7,563 10 6 3,027,490 9 10 Bonuses to workers .. .. .. 45,730 7 0 Tax on income other than Transport of workers .. .. .. 2,253 10 9 salary or wages .. 1,628,674 11 8 Miscellaneous loans .. .. .. 41 766 16 0 4,656,165 1 6 Balance— £ s. d. Fines •• •• •• •• 2,929 10 9 Cash .. .. .. 431,288 5 7 Interest on loans .. 1,180 11 8 Investments .. .. 725,000 0 0 Interest on investments .. 4,785 12 3 Imprests outstanding .. 2,602 1 3 B .. — 5 > 966 3 11 " 1,158,890 6 10 Repayment of loans .. .. .. 4,487 9 11 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. 106 1 9 £5,398,345 18 0 £5,398,345 18 0 J. S. Hunter, Secretary of Labour. H. L. Bockett, A.R.A.N.Z., Accountant. I certify that the Statement of Receipts and Payments has been duly examined and compared with the relative books and documents submitted for audit and correctly states the position as disclosed thereby.—J. H. Fowler, Controller and Auditor-General.

Table VI. —Expenditure from State Funds on Unemployment Relief.

Table VII.-Numbers of Males wholly or partly a Charge on the Employment Promotion Fund at Successive Four-weekly Periods, showing Nature of Assistance and Conditions of Employment (including those registered but ineligible for various Reasons).

20

Public Works Other Depart- Consolidated -,, , y... Department State Forest ments (including Fund. employment (including Service. Mew Zealand Subsidies to Promotion Totals. Main Highways) Railways). Local Bodies. *unci. £ £ £ £ £ £ 1926-27 130,000 14,240 .. .. 144 240 1927-28 379,565 27,550 .. 75,106 482'221 1928-29 680,393 50,250 3,500 68,567 802 710 1929-30 .. .. .. 914,109 185,400 204,464 111,728 1 415'701 1930-31 1,249,446 82,000 21,933 116,768 313,209 11783*356 1931-32 886,953 74,000 14,684 11,478 2,216,886 3,204,001 1932-33 .. .. .. 484,554 .. 12,088 216 3,687,897 4,184,755 1933-34 355,691 2,000 185,906 .. 4,130,686 4,674,283 1934-35 402,612 2,820 250,250 .. 3,773,133 4,428 815 1935-36 607,818 6,845 217,770 .. 4,682,008 5 514 441 1936-37 536,062 70,921 198,740 .. 4,337,565 5,143*288 1937-38 .. .. .. 397,241 82,123 506,822 .. 4,004,456 4,990,642 Total •■ •• ■• 7,024,444 598,149 1,616,157 383,863 27,145,840 36,768,453

(From 6th June, 1936, to 28th August, 1937.) Numbers in Full-time Employment with Gra nd Total Registered I tp}^t A oa In Receipt the Aid of a Subsidy from the Employ- °^® Ie fL Period ended el5il> M jwdrkroder KSiMtenance Total on ment Promotion Fund. ' ! f Reltaf Scheme Register. Charge on No. 5. Work ' At Belief At Standard | J°Wl p Employment Rates. Rates. i _ Fu . Promotion __ | -Employment. Fund. 1936-*-6th June .. 3,200 15,486 20,352 39,038 3,797 10,199 13,996 53 034 4th July .. 3,189 15,280 24,470 42,939 3,469 7,830 11,299 54*238 1st-August. .. 2,804 15,045 26,296 45,045 3,187 5,771 8,958 54 003 29th August .. -2,700 15,569 25,994 44,263 2,985 3,599 6,584 50'847 26th September .. 2,209 13,955 25,744 41,908 3,192 4 319 7 511 49*419 24th October .. 2,.173 12,582 24,301 3d,056 2,895 4 189 7'oS4 46'l40 21st Kovember .. 2,258 11,141 22,068 35,467 2,299 4 575 6'874 40'341 19th December .. 2,037 10,085 20,164 32,286 1,845 4,941 6J86 39^072 | 16th January .. 2,834- 7,874 20,708 31,416 1,620 4,784 6 404 37 820 13th February .. 2,526 7,058 19,357 28,941 1,455 5,326 6*781 35*72'' 13th March .. 2,341 6,621 18,945 27,907 1,436 5,183 6*619 34*526 10th April .. 2,268 6,242 19,443 27,953 1,331 4,965 6*296 34*249 8th May .. 2,225 6,213 19,864 28,302 1,219 4 697 5*916 34*918 5th June .. 2,500 6,136 20,690 29,326 1,215 5 298 6*513 35*839 3rd July .. 2,901 6,075 21,845 30,821 1,258 5,'467 6*725 37*546 31st July .. 2,636 5,597 22,210 30,443 1,273 6,963 8 236 38*679 28th August .. 2,371 4,979 19,973 27,323 1,229 8,764 9,993 37,'316 Not continued in this form. See Table VIIIa.

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Table VIII.—Schedule showing Numbers of Males registered and Numbers in Receipt of Assistance from the Employment Promotion Fund (30th June, 1931, to 28th August, 1937).

21

. . In Receipt of Part-time Work Tntai R P m«for Remaining on Relief, or Sustenance. Working Fvill ami wholly or Register but Time 111 Industry, ™ Date. unplaced or with Assistance Scheme No. 5 Sustenance ment ProZ& various Reasons. (Rat j one d Work). without Work. Iromotion lund. Fun(J 1931. 30th June .. .. .. 6,700 38,000 .. 6,400 51,100 30th September .. .. 7,600 43,000 .. 3,990 54,590 31st December .. .. .. 4,800 39,300 .. 7,985 52,085 1932. 31st March .. .. .. 7,000 37,000 .. 10,520 54,520 30th June .. .. .. 7,450 43,850 .. 17,350 68,650 30th September .. .. 6,540 45,100 .. 22,010 73,650 29th October .. .. .. 6,206 44,033 .. 21,732 71,971 26th Novembor .. .. .. 5,348 42,808 .. 21,155 69,311 24th December .. .. .. 5,199 43,106 .. 20,976 69,281 1933. 21st January .. .. .. 6,272 42,012 .. 19,581 67,865 18th February .. .. .. 5,394 39,963 .. 20,510 65,867 18th March .. .. .. 5,585 39,874 .. 21,193 66,652 15th April .. .. .. 5,312 40,946 .. 21,997 68,255 13th May .. .. .. 5,830 42,585 .. 22,117 70,532 10th June .. .. .. 5,802 43,837 .. 23,279 72,918 8th July .. .. .. 5,511 45,304 .. 24,219 75,034 5th August .. .. .. 5,125 45,749 .. 27,217 78,091 2nd September .. .. 4,517 45,699 .. 28,411 78,627 30th September .. .. 4,301 44,743 .. 30,391 79,435 28th October .. .. .. 2,911 42,717 888 31,641 78,157 25th November .. .. .. 2,671 39,025 897 32,384 74,977 23rd December .. .. .. 2,533 36,906 964 29,870 70,273 1934. 20th January .. .. .. 3,635 35,933 1,087 27,836 68,491 17th February .. .. .. 3,208 33,216 1,573 29,191 67,188 17th March .. .. .. 3,273 32,555 1,793 27,766 65,387 14th April .. .. .. 3,377 32,173 2,046 27,583 65,179 12th May .. .. .. 3,656 32,613 2,350 26,921 65,540 9th June .. .. .. 3,407 33,126 2,718 23,386 62,637 7th July .. .. .. 4,178 33,523 3,628 23,482 64,811 4th August .. .. .. 3,840 33,320 4,974 24,157 66,291 1st September .. .. .. 3,504 33,167 5,748 24,097 66,516 29th September.. .. .. 3,272 32,731 5,569 23,189 64,761 27th October .. .. .. 2,735 30,572 6,431 22,324 62,062 24th November .. .. .. 2,910 28,976 6,063 21,400 59,349 22nd December .. .. .. 2,131 28,303 5,923 20,481 56,838 1935. 19th January .. .. .. 3,280 26,775 6,136 19,175 55,366 16th February .. .. .. 3,187 24,936 6,948 18,250 53,321 16th March .. .. .. 3,153 24,204 8,211 17,930 53,498 13th April .. .. .. 3,292 24,634 8,866 17,243 54,035 11th May .. .. .. 2,847 25,379 9,874 16,808 54,908 8th June .. .. .. 3,025 25,043 11,262 16,936 56,266 6th July .. .. .. 3,414 25,243 12,842 17,483 58,982 3rd August .. .. .. 2,806 25,387 14,438 17,746 60,377 31st August .. .. .. 2,581 24,817 15,347 18,061 60,806 28th September .. .. 2,500 24,183 15,517 18,144 60,344 26th October .. .. .. 2,043 22,260 15,378 18,800 58,481 23rd November .. .. .. 1,825 19,610 14,544 21,267 57,246 21st December .. .. .. 1,737 18,844 15,072 21,628 57,281 1936. 18th January .. .. .. 2,233 17,365 15,179 21,725 56,502 15th February .. .. .. 2,012 15,922 14,450 22,270 54,654 14th March .. .. .. 1,872 15,704 14,443 22,510 54,529 11th April .. .. .. 2,013 15,514 15,750 16,542 49,819 9th May .. .. .. 2,642 15,528 17,100 15,938 51,208 6th June .. .. .. 3,200 15,486 20,352 13,996 53,034 4th July .. .. .. 3,189 15,280 24,470 11,299 54,238 1st August .. .. .. 2,804 15,945 26,296 8,958 54,003 29th August .. .. .. 2,700 15,569 25,994 6,584 50,847 26th September.. .. .. 2,209 13,955 25,744 7,511 49,419 24th October .. .. .. 2,173 12,582 24,301 7,084 46,140 21st November ., .. .. 2,258 11,141 22,068 6,874 42,341 19th December .. .. .. 2,037 10,085 20,164 6,786 39,072 1937. 16th January .. .. .. 2,834 7,874 20,708 6,404 37,820 13th February .. .. .. 2,526 7,058 19,357 6,781 35,722 13th March .. .. .. 2,341 6,621 18,945 6,619 34,526 10th April .. .. .. 2,268 6,242 19,443 6,296 34,249 8th May .. .. .. 2,225 6,213 19,864 5,916 34,218 5th June .. .. .. 2,500 6,136 20,690 6,513 35,839 3rd July .. .. .. 2,901 6,075 21,845 6,725 37,546 31st July .. .. .. 2,636 5,597 22,210 8,236 38,679 28th August .. .. .. 2,371 4,979 19,973 9,993 37,316 Not continued in this form. See Table VIIIa.

H.—llA.

Table VIIIa.—Numbers of Unemployed.

Note. —In addition to the numbers shown above, there were, at the 25th September, 1937, 8,499 persons in receipt of sustenance, unfit for employment for health or other reasons, but being afforded relief from the Employment Promotion Fund. As from October last the number has been taken at 8,000 pending the completion of the personal analysis (referred to in the Report) which indicates that this figure is a conservative one.

22

Note.—To enable the Government to more correctly assess the real number of unemployed as distinct from those men recruited from the Employment Register for engagement on full-time-work at award or public works rates of pay, and apart from administering relief to| those unfit for employment for health or other reasons, the figures, from September, 1937, show as the total number of unemployed on the register only those : (a) Registered but not eligible for relief; (6) on Scheme No. 5, rationed work relief; and (c) on sustenance awaiting placement. (The number of unemployables is shown separately.) Registered but not I a , AT _ Four-weekly Period ended Spiration j awaitingSeTent. XTn^oyedon® Qualifying Period. I iveiiei. Register. 1937— 25th September .. .. 2,229 4,714 9,611 16,554 23rd October .. .. .. 1,863 4,442 8,377 14 682 20th November .. .. .. 985 3,823 6,468 11 276 18th December .. .. .. 737 3,336 4 294 8,367 1938 — 15th January .. .. .. 1,051 2,827 4,1.78 8,056 12th February .. .. .. 1,004 2,735 3,502 7 241 12th March .. .. .. 1,086 2,735 2,874 6'695 9th April .. .. .. 1,135 2,799 3,281 7 215 7th May .. .. .. 1,244 2.848 4,222 8,314 4th June .. .. .. 1,301 2,812 4,608 8,721

H.—lla

Table IX.-Statement showing as at 12th March, 1938, Duration of Unemployment according to Age-groups with (a) Percentage of Particular Age-group; and (b) Percentage of Unemployed for the Period of Duration specified (Rationed Work Relief and Sustenance Recipients* only).

Percentage Incidence of Unemployment in Age-groups as at the 12th March, 1938 (based on t igures for those actually in Receipt of Rationed Work Relief and Sustenance without Work). 17 years and under .. .. .. .. Nil. 18 years to 20 years .. .. .. .. 82 0-60 21 years to 24 years .. .. .. .. 747 g. 49 25 years to 29 years .. .. .. .. 939 6-90 30 years to 39 years .. .. .. .. 1,868 13-73 40 years to 49 years .. .. .. .. 2,264 16-64 50 years to 59 years .. .. .. .. 4,026 29-58 60 years to 64 years .. .. .. .. 2,968 21-81 65 years and over .. .. .. .. 715 5-25 Totals .. .. .. .. 13,609 100-00

23

17 18 - 2 °- 25 - 29 - 30-39. 40-49. 50-59 60-64. 65 and over. Period of presen Unemployment. and v „ ~ ~ '■ j P „ -, No . ; ~ | * No . || No _ £, £, £, I £, | & & & Totals. w ' W " W ' W - W 1 < ft >- («)• j W- j («)• (»)■ j (a). (6). (a). (»). (a). (6). 3 months " m 11 till IE d M* "d ffi SlJ X"S ffi K'S S"2 S S* f" 357 8 " 8723 - 27 116 3 ' 91 ™« 33 4 " 62 2.15 1,534 11-27 3 months but less than 6 Znths " N 14 17-07 -26 83 U-fl "IS i? K 8*t7 fS 2 m JI'2? ?S «™ II, 275 21 1 26 ' 92 196 6 ' 6 M ' 07 33 4 " 62 2 ' 37 1Q - 24 years .. .. Nil 56 7-5 1-45 129 13-74 3-33 361 19-33 9-33 603 26-64 15-58 1,291 32-07 33-36 1,109 37-37 28-66 321 44-89 8-29 28-44 Total .. 82100-00 .. 747100-00 .. 939100-00 .. 1,868100-00 .. 2,264100-OoT " 715" 100-00 .. 13,609100-00 • Includes those unfit for employment for health or other reasons, but being afforded relief from the Employment Promotion Fund.

TT.—IIA.

Table IXa. —Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution of Unemployed according to Age-groups and Period of Present Registered Unemployment as at 12th March, 1938 (Scheme No. 5, Rationed Work Relief, and Sustenance Receipts only).

24

Age-grouping (Years). Industrial Group. 18-20. 21-24. 25-29. 30-39. 40-49: 50-59. 60-64. 6^ and Totals. Registered Unemployment of less than One Month. ! No previous employment .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Fishing — Fishing and trapping .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 5 2 5 3 .. 10 Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &c.) — Agricultural farming (cropping) .. .. .. 3 21 24 30 27 39 13 2 159 Dairy, pig, and cattle (share farming) .. .. 2 6 6 .12 9 11 .. 1 47 Mixed farming .. .. .. .. .. 3 9 9 9 9 9 6 .. 54 Sheep-farming .. .. .. .. .. 1 5 2 10 8 16 6 4 52 Other —Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &c. .. .... 8 4 7 6 11 3 1 40 Forestry— Firewood cutting, Government nurseries, post-splitting, &c. Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Afforestation—Bush sawmilling (including bush trams) ;. 2 3 8 5 4 4 .. 26 Mining— Coal-mining (including State) and development .. .. .. 2 3 3 4 2 .. 14 Gold-mining and development .. .. .. 1 1 5 6 6 5 .. 1 25 Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Quarrying — Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. 2 Manufacturing : Processing of farm products— Meat freezing and preserving .. .. .. 1 4 3 10 4 7 2 .. 31 Butter, cheese, and other milk products .. .. .. .. 1 4 .. 1 .. .. 6 Fellmongering and wool-scouring .. .. .. .. 3 3 3 1 3 .. .. 13 Manufacturing (other) and repairsStone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble, pumice, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. i Brick, tile, and pottery works .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 1 .. .. 5 Lime and cement works; lime-crushing .. .. .. .. 1 _.'■■' 1 .. .. 3 Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods .. .. .. .. .. Other—Patent fuel, glass, leadlight, &c. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 3 Chemicals, animal or vegetable products — Soap and candle works .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Boiling down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &c. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .. .. .. 3 Tanning .. ... . . .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. . . . . 2 Other —Egg preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 2 Metals, machines, and implements— Agricultural and farm machinery, implements .. .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. .. 3 Engineering (including electrical) .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 2 2 .. .. 7 Other—Tinware, sheet metal, &c. .. .. .. 1 2 4 2 3 3 .. .. 15 Vehicles, manufacturing of— Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &c. .... 6 1 8 3 4 1 1 24 Ships, boats, and equipment— Graving-docks, slips, ship-rigging, boat-building, &c. .... 1 .. 1 2 .. .. 4 Jewellery and watches— Electroplating, jewellery-manufacture, watches, .. ... 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 clocks, &c. Textile and fibrous materials— Woollen-mills .. .. 1 .. 2 .. 1 1 .. .. 5 Other —Bags (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, &c. .. .. 3 7 11 5 7 .. .. 33 Harness, saddlery, and leatherware — Leather bags, suit-cases, belting, gloves, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. 2 Food, drink, and tobacco— Grain mills and cereal-food making .. .... 1 2 3 1 1 .. 1 9 Brewing, malting, bottling, &c. .. .. .. 1 .. 2 4 1 .. 1 .. 9 Biscuitmaking, bread, cake, confectionery, &e. .... 1 5 2 3 3 2 1 17 Jam-making, fruit preserving, pickles, condiments, &c. .. 2 1 1 .. .. .. .. 4 Other—Baking-powder, coffee, ice-cream, &c. .. .. .. 2 I 1 2 .. .. 6 Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware — Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. .... 1. 3 1 2 4 4 1 16 Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs— Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &c.. . .. .. 2 2 1 6 .. 1 .. 12 Articles of dress— Boot, shoe, and slipper making . . .. .. .. 1 .. .. 2 .. .. .. 3 Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. 3 Other —Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .. .. .. 2 2 .. 1 .. .. 5 Other manufacturing— Ammunitions, artificial limb, brush and broom, eork, &c. 1 1 .. .. 1 1 .. .. 4 Building and construction — Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, 4 7 11 22 20 25 10 2 101 masonry, &c. National public works construction .. .. .. 1 11 19 45 40 47 6 3 172 Local body public works construction and maintenance .. 5 10 21 27 30 7 2 102 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply— Electric light, power work, gas work, &c. .. .... 3 2 3 5 6 1 1 21 Transport and communication — Railways (not including construction) .. .. 1 5 3 7 3 1 .'. 1 21 Tramway and omnibus service .. . . .. .. .. 1 .. . . 1 .. 2 Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi .. .. 6 6 6 2 .. .. .. 20 Aerial transport —Aerodromes, air transport, &c. . . .. 1 .. . . .. . . .. . . 1 Water transport —Harbour, launch, loading, &c. .. 1 11 10 22 11 19 9 3 86 Communication —Postal, radio, &c. .. .. .. .. , . .

H.—llA.

Table IXa. —Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution, etc. —continued.

4—H. 11 A.

25

Age-grouping (Years). Industrial Group. j : 18-20. 23-24. i 25-29. 30-39. 40-49. 50-59. 00-64. 6 g Y ™ d Totals. Registered Unemployment of less than One Month —continued. Miscellaneous— Property and finance —Auctioneering, banking, invest- .. 1 5 2 3 1 1 .. 13 ment, &c. Commerce —General wholesaling and retailing, adver- 4 21 17 35 34 26 15 1 153 tising, &c. Professional —Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 9 &c. Entertainment, sport, recreation —Acclimatization officers, .. 4 2 3 2 4 2 .. 17 big-game fishing, billiard-saloons, dance-halls, &c. Personal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hair- . . 8 4 10 14 25 9 2 72 dressers, laundries, &c. National public service .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. 3 5 1 .. 11 Local public service .. .. .. .. .. 1 4 6 8 13 5 4 41 30 170 200 337 291 357 116 33 1,534 Registered Unemployment of One Month but less than Three Months. No previous employment Pishing—Pishing and trapping .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 1 4 1 .. 9 Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &c.) — Agricultural farming (cropping) .. .. .... 2 5 4 8 7 7 3 36 Dairy, pig, and cattle (share farming) .. .... 14 8 8 8 15 7 4 64 Mixed farming .. .. .. .. .. 3 4 8 9 7 18 10 .. 59 Sheep-farming .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 9 19 14 29 16 4 99 Other—Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &c. .. .. 1 8 5 9 7 16 10 6 62 Forestry— Firewood-cutting, Government nurseries, post-splitting, &c. .. .. 1 2 .. 4 1 .. 8 Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. 4 Afforestation —Bush sawmilling (including bush trams).. .. .. 6 8 8 10 3 .. 35 Mining— Coal-mining (including State) and development .. .. .. 2 3 4 9 .. .. 18 Gold-mining and development '.. .. .... 2 7 5 6 6 6 .. 32 Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) .. .. .. .. 1 .. •. .. .. .. 1 Quarrying — Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 3 3 2 .. 11 Manufacturing : Processing of farm products— Meat freezing and preserving . . .. .. .. 1 .. 4 2 7 .. .. 14 Butter, cheese, and other milk products .. .. .. .. 1 .. 2 1 .. 6 Felhnongering and wool-scouring . . .. .. .. .. . . .. 1 10 2 .. 13 Manufacturing (other) and repairs— Stone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble, pumice, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... Brick, tile, and pottery works .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .■ •• .. 4 Lime and cement works; lime-crushing .. .. .. .. 2 2 .. 1 1 .. 6 Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods .. .. . . .. 1 .. .. . . .. 1 Other —Patent fuel, glass, leadlight, &c. .. .. 1 1 .. 1 4 1 .. .. 8 Chemicals, animal or vegetable products — Soap and candle works .. .. .. .. • • ■ • 1 1 Boiling down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &c. .. .. .. .2 2 .. 1 1 .. 7 Tanning .. .. . • • • ■ • • • • ■ • • • ■ • • • • 2 Other —Egg preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. .... 2 2 1 2 .. 9 Metals, machines, and implements— Agricultural and farm machinery, implements .. .. .. .. ■ . • ■ . . .. 1 Engineering (including electrical) .. .. .. 1 3 .. .. 1 3 .. 9 Other—Tinware, sheet metal, &c. .. .. .... 3 2 1 5 4 1 19 Vehicles, manufacturing of— Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &c. .. 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 .. 13 Ships, boats, and equipment— Graving-docks, slips, ship-rigging, boat-l>uilding, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. 4 Jewellery and watches — Electroplating, jewellery-manufacture, watches, clocks, &c. Textile and fibrous materials — Woollen-mills .. .. ■• •• ■• •• 4 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 7 Other —Bag (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, &c. .. .... .. 6 3 6 .. 17 . Harness, saddlery, and leatherware — Leather-bags, suit-cases, belting, gloves, &c. .. ., .. .. 1 1 1 .. .. 3 Food, drink, and tobacco — Grain-mills and cereal-food making .. . .• ■■■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ - 1 Brewing, malting, bottling, &c. .. .. .... .. 1 .. I .. 6 Biscuitmaking, bread, cake, confectionery, &c. .... 1 5 1 4 3 .. 16 Jam-making, fruit preserving, pickles, condiments, &c. 2 .. . . .. 1 .. 6 Other —Baking-powder, coffee, ice-cream, &c. .. .. .. .. 1 1 3 .. .. 5 Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware — Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. .. .... 3 2 8 1 .. 18 Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs — Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &c. .... 2 1 1 2 3 1 .. 10

H.- —11A.

Table IXa.—Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution, etc.—continued.

26

Age-grouping (Years). Industrial Group. : ■ 18-20. 21-24. 25-29. 30-39. 40-49. 50-59. 60-64. 65 v a ° a Totals. Registered Unemployment of One Month, &c. —continued. Articles of dress— Boot, shoe, and slipper making .. .. .. .. .. ,. 3 1 1 1 ■ _ Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. .. .... .. .. 3 o r Other —Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .. .. .. .. 2 3 2 5 1 13 Other manufacturing— Ammunitions, artificial limb, brush and broom, cork, &c. 3 .. .. .. 1 4 Building and construction— Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, 2 1 11 23 18 31 18 1 105 masonry, &c. National public works construction .. .. .. 1 5 g 22 33 32 16 2 119 Local body public works construction and maintenance.. .. 5 7 18 16 17 9 79 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply— Electric light, power work, gas work, &c. . .' .. .. .. .. 1 3 2 3 1 10 Transport and communication — Railways (not including construction) .. .. 1 .. 1 2 4 5 1 14. Tramway and omnibus service .... .... 1 . . 2 % Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi . . . . 2 5 5 '3 5 3 j 04 Aerial transport—Aerodromes, air transport, &o. Water transport—Harbour, launch, loading, &c. .. 1 5 7 ]'•$ (5 jg j 0 ' 2 «. Communication—Postal, radio, &c. .......... 1 \ Miscellaneous— Property and finance—Auctioneering, banking, invest- .. .. 2 4 2 2 2 1 13 ment, &c. Commerce — General wholesaling and retailing, adver- 8 25 19 26 22 35 23 1 lfifl tising, &c. Professional—Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, &c. ..23232 12 Entertainment, sport, recreation—Acclimatization officers, 2 5 8 4 4 5 4 39 big-game fishing, billiard-saloons, dance-halls, &c. Personal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hair- .. 5 6 12 16 18 7 1 6 r dressers, laundries, &c. ° National public service .. .. .. ..1 2 6 2 1 9 1 <i Local public service .. .. .. .... 1 2 3 6 19 24 129 150 245 241 375 196 33 1^393 Registered Unemployment of Three Months but less than Six Months. No previous employment ........ 1 29 r Fishing—Fishing and trapping .. .. ,, __ 2 2 3 2 5 3 17 Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &c.) — Agricultural farming (cropping) .. .. .... 2 6 6 1 7 9 9 33 Dairy, pig, and cattle (share fanning) .... 7 3 6 9 10 10 46 Mixed farming i 4 3 g 1Q 18 g bheep-farmmg .. .. .. .. , 2 5 g 5 o lqn Other—Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &c. .. .... 5 5 n 5 13 10 fp Forestry— Firewood-cutting, Government nurseries, post-splitting, &c. .... 2 1 31 7 Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &c. .......... i I Afforestation—Bush sawmilling (including bush trams) .. 1 .. '4 '7 'q ' r 7 ' i ,9 Mining— dz Coal-mining (including State) and development .... .. 5 2 6 3 1 1 is Gold-mining and development .. .. .... 1 3 q a o. Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) ...... Quarrying—Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. .. .... ] " 2 1 i Manufacturing : Processing of farm products— Meat freezing and preserving .. ,. .... 1 2 2 r 3 Butter, cheese, and other milk products .. .... 1 '3 2 1 2 Q Fellmongering and wool-scouring .......... ' j o Manufacturing (other) and repairs— Stone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble', pumice, &e. Brick, tile, and pottery works ......... 1 \i Lime and cement works; lime-crushing .. .. .. .. j 'j ' j ' \ r Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods ...... ° Other —Patent fuel, glass, leadlight, &c. .. .... .. ' 2 ' 3 ' k Chemicals, animal or vegetable products— d Soap and candle works Boiling-down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &e. .. .. .. 2 2 4 '5 i |a Tanning .... .. .. . . 1 9 9 k Other—Egg preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. ..1 2 3 2 8 Metals, machines, and implements— Agricultural and farm machinery, implements ........ 1 1 o Engineering (including electrical) .. .. .. .. .. '] ' [ 'j ' j „ Other—Tinware, sheet metal, &c. .. .. .. 1 2 1 3 7 6 90 Vehicles, manufacturing of— Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &c. .. .. 3 ,, 3 2 4 2 1 1 - Ships, boats, and equipment— Graving-docks, slips, ship-rigging, boat-building, &c .. 1 2 1 1 Jewellery and watches — '' ,J Electroplating, jewellery-manufacture, watches, ...."., 1 9 o clocks, &c. ' ' Textile and fibrous materials— Woollen-mills ..........1 I i, Other—Bags (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, &c. .. ,, 1 j 3 '9 \

H.—llA.

Table IXa. —Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution, etc. —continued.

27

Age-grouping (Years). Industrial Group. 1 ~ ~ 18-20. ! 21-24. 25-29. 30-39. 40-49. 50-59. 60-64. Totals. Registered Unemployment of Three Months, &e. —continued. Manufacturing (other) and repairs— continued. Harness, saddlery, and leatherware — Leather bags, suit-cases, belting, gloves, &c... .. .. 1 .. ■■ •• 1 •• 4 Food, drink, and tobacco — Grain mills and cereal-food making .. .. .. 2 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 4 Brewing, malting, bottling, &c. .. . • • • • • • • • • • • 1 • • 1 Biscuitmaking, bread, cake, confectionery, &o. .... 6 .. 4 2 2 18 Jam-making, fruit-preserving, pickles, condiments, &c. . . 1 .. .. • • • • • • • • 1 Other —Baking-powder, coffee, ice-cream, &o. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 ■ • ■ ■ 4 Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware — Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. .. .... .. 2 2 :* 1 12 Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs— Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &e. .... 1 .. 1 3 1 10 Articles of dress — Boots, shoe, and slipper making .. .. .. .... .. 1 .. 3 .. 5 Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. . . .. .. .. .. • • • • 1 • • 2 Other —Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .. .. .. .. 2 .. 5 3 1 11 Other manufacturing— Ammunitions, artificial limb, brush and broom, cork, &e. .. 3 .. 1 .. .. .. •• 4 Building and construction — Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, 1 2 6 13 14 29 ID 4 88 masonry, &c. National public works construction .. .. .... 13 19 18 103 Local body public works construction and maintenance.... 5 7 9 14 20 10 7 72 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply— Electric light, power work, gas work, &c. .. .. .. .. •• •• 2 1 .. 4 Transport and communication — Railways (not including construction) .. .... .. 3 .. .. 8 Tramway and omnibus service .. .. .. • • • • • • • • • ■ • • Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi ..121 36 118 Aerial transport —Aerodromes, air transport, &e. Water transport —Harbour, launch, loading, &c. .... 1 3 3 8 18 47 Communication —Postal, radio, &e. .. .. . . . • • • 1 I 1 1 1 • • 5 Miscellaneous — Property and finance —Auctioneering, banking, invest- .. 2 .. .. 2 1 .. J Commerce —General wholesaling and retailing, adver- 3 9 10 20 21 39 5 128 tising, &c. on Professional —Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, .. 2 2 3 4 2 Z 217 &c. Entertainment, sport, recreation —Acclimatization .... 2 3 2 7 4 ..20 officers, big-game fishing, billiard-saloons, dancePersonal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hair- 2 6 .. 9 11 14 10 2 54 dressers, laundries, &c. National public service ........ 1 1 .. 12 Local public service .. . • • • .... 1 .. 1 4 14 83 97 165 183 314 213 45 1,114 Registered Unemployment of Six Months but less than Twelve Months. No previous employment .. .. .. ■ • 1 8 1 3 4 Fishing— „ Fishing and trapping .. .. .. .... .. -i J ' Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &c.) — Agricultural farming (cropping) 5 5 8 lb 12 1 58 Dairy, pig, and cattle (share farming) 0 16 .15 15 22 28 3 108 Mixed farming 1 9 I H !? t, if Sheep-farminf •• \ « J* » \\ ■• f. Other—Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &c. .. .... 7 5 15 14 IS 19 1 84 Forestry— . _ Firewood cutting, Government nurseries, post-splitting, &c. .. 1 2 1 .. l .. / Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &c. .. .. • •• ■■ •• 1 J* Afforestation—Bush sawmillmg (including bush trams) .. .. 2 o 10 14 iy i .. o/ Mining— „ „ _ T „ 1ft Coal-mining (including State) and development .... • • 1 2 / i a io Gold-mining and development .. .. .. •• 1 ■• b ix i4 ' 6 4Z Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) Quarrying— iiiq172 16 Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. .. .. .. 1 i i » ' Manufacturing: Processing of farm products— Meat freezing and preserving .. .. ...... o " 9 Butter, cheese, and other milk products .. .. .. • • ■ ■ ■ ■ Fellmongering and wool-scouring .. .. .... 1 1 Manufacturing (other) and repairs— Stone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble, pumice, &c. .. • ■ ■ • ■ • ■ • • • • ■ ■ • • • Brick, tile, and pottery works .. .. • • • • • • l ■■ ■• •• •• Lime and cement works; lime-crushing .. .. • • • • • • • • • • ■ ■ • • ' 1 Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods .. .. 1 •• 1 ■• l •• ■• ;J Other—Patent fuel, glass, leadlight, &e. .. • • • • ■ • • ■ • • 2

H. —11A.

Table IXa. —Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution, etc. —continued.

28

Age-grouping (Years). Industrial Group. ' ~~ ~ ' 18-20. 21-24. 25-29. 30-39. 40-49. 50-59. 60-64. ov * r Totals. Registered Unemployment of Six Months, &c. —continued. Manufacturing (other) and repairs— continued. Chemicals, animal or vegetable products— Soap and candle works Boiling down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &c. .. .... .. 1 1 • • • ■ 2 5 Tanning .. .. .... .... .. 1 2 1 2 1 8 Other —Egg preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. . . .. . • ■ • 4 • • ■ • 1 8. Metals, machines, and implements — Agricultural and farm machinery, implements .... . •' • • • ■ ■ • 4 Engineering (including electrical) .. .. .. .. 1 • • • ■ • • 1 • • 3 Other—Tinware, sheet metal, &c. .. .. .. .. 4 1 2 5 5 ( J . . 26 Vehicles, manufacturing of— Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &<:. .... 1 1 3 1 .. .. 8 Ships, boats, and equipment— Graving-docks, slips, ship-rigging, boat-building, &c. .... .. 1 .. 1 ■ • • • 5 Jewellery and watches — Electroplating, jewellery - manufacture, watches, .. .. .. 1 • • ■ • • • • • 1 clocks, &c. Textile and fibrous materials — Woollen-mills .. . . .. . • • • • • • • } l ■• 1 ■■ ■■ >] Other —Bags, (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, &c. .... 2 3 2 3 2 3 1 10 Harness, saddlery, and leatherware — Leather bags, suit-cases,-belting, gloves, &c. .. .. .. •• •• 1 1 1 •• 3 Food, drink, and tobacco — Grain-mills and cereal-food making .. .. .. • • ■ • • • • ■ • ■ • • 1 Brewing, malting, bottling, &e. .. .. .... 1 1 2 2 1 .. 9 Biscuit-making, bread, cake, confectionery, &c. .. . . 3 2 . . .. 2 5 . . 12 Jam-making, fruit-preserving, pickles, condiments, &c. ...... .. 4 Other —Baking-powder, coffee, ice-cream, &c. .... .. .. 1 1 1 1 1 5 Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware — Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. .. .. .. 1 1 3 2 3 1 .. 11 Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs— Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &e. .. 1- .. 1 2 3 11 .. .. 18 Articles of dress— Boot, shoe, and siipper making .. .. .. • • .1 • • 2 .. 3 2 .. 8 Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. .. .. •. • • 1 ■ • 1 ■ ■ 1 • • 3 Other—Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .... 1 2 2 2 8 5 121 Other manufacturing— Ammunitions, artificial limb, brush and broom, cork, &e. .. 1 .. 2 .. 1 .. .. 4 Building and construction — Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, .. 1 10 24 25 37 29 0 132 masonry, &c. National public works construction .. .. .. . . 9 16 36 53 48 36 9 207 Local body public works construction and maintenance.. .. 3 12 19 22 35 18 5 114 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply— Electric light, power work, gas work, &c. .. .... .. 1 6 3 3 3 1 17 Transport and communication — Railways (not including construction) .. .... 4 3 5 4 6 5 1 28 Tramway and omnibus service .. .. .. . • • • • • • ■ 1 • • • • ■> Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi 3 8 3 8 5 4 7 139 Aerial transport —Aerodromes, air transport, &c. Water transport —Harbour, launch, loading, &c. .. .. 6 5 15 9 28 15 5 83 Communication —Postal, radio, &c. .. .. .. •■ ■• •• 3 1 .. .. 6 Miscellaneous — Property and finance —Auctioneering, banking, invest- .. 1 2 2 3 3 4 .. 15 ment, &c. Commerce—General wholesaling and retailing, advertis- 4 24 11 44 38 62 49 8 240 ing, &e. Professional—Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, .. 1 2 4 2 3 8 .. 20 &c. Entertainment, sport, recreation —Acclimatization officers, 1 3 4 6 8 9 6.. 37 big-game fishing, billiard-saloons, dance-halls, &c. Personal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hair- .. 5 9 12 15 37 17 3 98 dressers, laundries, &c. National public service .. .. .. .... .. 1 1 • • 11 Local public service .. .. •• •• ■• 2 1 3 1 9 7 .. 23 12 130 148 320 316 508 369 63 1,866 Registered Unemployment of One Year but less than Two Years. No previous employment .. .. .. .... 10 6 3 49 2 3d Pishing— t Pishing and trapping .. .. .. • • • • • • 4 2 3 10 1- 1 32 Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &c.) — Agricultural farming (cropping) .. .. .... 5 6 8 7 20 25 72 Dairy, pig, and cattle (share farming) ... .. •■ 6 9 26 14 29 24 4 112 Mixed forming .. 1 10 11 9 15 34 32 6 118 Sheep-farming » 5 H 10 21 14 4 70 Other—Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &c. .. .. .. I 18 | 10 17 13 3o 31 8 132

H.—llA.

Table IXa.—Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution, etc. —continued.

29

Age-grouping (Years). industrial Group. 18-20. 21-24. 25-29. 30-39. 40-49. 50-59. 60-64. 6^ A Totals. Registered Unemployment of One Year, &c. —continued. Forestry— Firewood cutting, Government nurseries, post-splitting, .. .. 1 .. 5 5 1 14 &c. Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &e. .. .. .. .. ■• •• •• •• 2 2 2 6 Afforestation —Bush sawmilling (including bush trams) .. .. 3 8 5 10 18 17 2 63 Mining— Coal-mining (including State) and development .... 1 3 5 5 14 13 5 46 Gold-mining and development .. .. .. • ■ • • • • 2 5 15 12 6 40 Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) .. .. . ■ • . • • • • • • • ■ • 1 1 Quarrying— Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. .. .. .. •• 1 2 2 2 6 2 2 17 Manufacturing : Processing of farm products— Meat freezing and preserving .. .. .. •• 2 1 3 8 13 7 1 35 Butter, cheese, and other milk products .. . • ■ ■ ■ • • • 1 5 .. .. 8 Fellmongcring and wool-scouring .. .. .. ■ ■ 2 1 2 2 4 4 1 16 Manufacturing (other) and repairs— Stone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble, pumice, &<3. .. .. ■. .. .. .. .. 1 3 Brick, tile, and pottery works . . .. . . • • 1 • • • • 3 5 3 1 13 Lime and cement works; lime-crushing . . .. . . .. .. .. • . .. 3 Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods .. • • • • ■ ■ ■ ■ 1 1 1 .. 3 Other—Patent fuel, glass, leadlight, &c. .. .. .. .. .. • • 2 2 2.. 6 Chemicals, animal or vegetable products— Soap and candle works . . .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 .. .. 3 Boilding down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &c. .. .. •• .. .. 3 1 2 1 .. 7 Tanning .. • • • • • ■ • ■ • • • • ■ • • • • • • ■ ■'..'■-' 2 Other —Egg preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. .. • • .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 3 Metals, machines, and implements— Agricultural and farm machinery, implements .. •■ 1 .. .. .. 1 2 .. 4 Engineering (including electrical) . . .. .... 1 1 1 .. 3 6 3 15 Other—Tinware, sheet metal, &c. .. . . .. ■ • 3 2 1 2 7 8 3 26 Vehicles, manufacturing of— Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &e. .. •• 1 2 1 3 4 2 ..13 Ships, boats, and equipment— Graving docks, slips, ship-rigging, boat-building, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 3 1 8 Jewellery and watches — Electroplating, jewellery manufacture, watches, .. . . .. 1 .. 2 .. .. 3 clocks, &c. Textile and fibrous materials — Woollen-mills .. . . . . • . 2 1 1 .. 4 Other—Bags (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, &c. .. .. .. 1 2 5 2 3 .. 13 Harness, saddlery, and lcatherware — Leather bags, suit-cases, belting, gloves, &e. .. •. . . . . 1 .. .. 5 .. 6 Food, drink, and tobacco — Grain mills and cereal-food making .. .... 2 1 2 1 .. .. 8 Brewing, malting, bottling, &c. .. .. .. ■ • .. 1 .. 3 5 .. 11 Biscuit-making, bread, cake, confectionery, &o. .. .. 2 .. 4 5 6 5 .. 22 Jam-making, fruit-preserving, pickles, condiments, &c. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 2 Other —Baking-powder, coffee, ice-cream, &e. .. .. .. .. 2 .. 3 3 1 9 Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware — Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. .... 3 1 2 6 1 6 1 20 Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs— Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &c. .... 1 2 3 1 7 7 122 Articles of dress — Boot, shoe, and slipper making .. .. .... 2 1 .. 1 5 5 1 15 Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 . . 1 1 1 4 Other —Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .... 1 1 3 3 7 10 1 26 Other manufacturing— Ammunitions, artificial limbs, brush and broom, cork, &c. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 3 Building and construction — Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, .. 8 10 14 20 56 46 6 160 masonry, &c. National public works construction . . . . . . .. 2 14 29 45 90 75 12 267 Local body public works construction and maintenance .. 2 6 23 30 78 44 14 197 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply— Electric light, power work, gas work, &o. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . 3 3 .. 6 Transport and communication — Railways (not including construction) .. .. •• .. .. 6 9 7 6 331 Tramway and omnibus services .. .. • • • ■ • • ■ • • ■ 4 1 1 8 Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi . . .. 5 3 8 20 9 2 49 Aerial transport —Aerodromes, air transport, &c. .... .. . . 1 .. .. 1 Water transport —Harbour, launch, loading, &c. .. .. .. 1 7 11 24 17 5. 65 Communication —Postal, radio, &c. .. .. • • • • •. .. .. 1 1 ".. 4 Miscellaneous — Property and finance —Auctioneering, banking, invest- .. 1 . . 1 7 10 7 2 28 ment, &c. Commerce —General wholesaling and retailing, advertising, .. 22 24 37 71 95 77 15 341 &c . Professional —Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, . . 1 .. 3 3 7 5 3 22 &

H.—lla.

Table IXa.—Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution, etc.—continued.

30

Age-grouping (Years). Industrial Group. 18-20. 21-24. 25-29. 30-39. 40-49. 50-59. 60-64 65 and ' Totals I over. j-uu»is. Registered Unemployment of One Year, <bc -continued. Miscellaneous— continued. Entertainment, sport, recreation—Acclimatization officers, .. 3 2 10 13 18 18 2 fifi big-game fishing, billiard-saloons, dance-halls, &c. .. Personal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hair- 1 3 4 17 23 39 41 9n lis dressers, laundries, &c. National public service .... o •> Q „ ■. Local public service .. .. .. .... 1 6 1 6 1 <) 1 s>k 2 130 155 | 276 304 776 648 149 2,530 Registered Unemployment of Two Years but less than Three Years. No previous employment .. .. .. .... 2 2 2 4 1 Fishing— • • * * Fishing and trapping .. .. .. .. .. _ _ i g 2 4 3! Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &c.) — '' Agricultural farming (cropping) .. .. .... 1 1 1 10 9 I fi 98 Dairy, pig, and cattle (share farming) .. .... 5 7 13 23 811 i ro Mixed farming .. .. .. .. .. R 19 7 19 i r ?; tju £ ■ • • o i iz / 13 15 ! 2 54 Sheep-farming .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 g n 8 q «9 Other—Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &c. .. .... 10 3 5 9 ir 17 o «? Forestry— °* Firewood cutting, Government nurseries, post splitting, ...... 5 1 2 x Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &c. .. .... .. .. \ j 4 Afforestation—Bush sawmilling (including bush trams).. .. .. 1 '4 10 13 " 9 .,„ Mining— * So Coal-mining (including State) and development .... .. .. 6 ! 5 1 19 Gold-mining and development .. .. ,. ,. j 2 s q } !- Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) ........ Quarrying— Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. .... 1 13 x Manufacturing : Processing of farm-products— Meat freezing and preserving .. .. ,. ,. 3 1 g 7 ,, „ „ Butter, cheese, and other milk products .... j .... 1 ? Fellmongering and wool-scouring .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 r Manufacturing (other) and repairs— "" ° Stone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble, pumice, &c. Brick, tile, and pottery works .. .. .... o ' •> ' '- Lime and cement works; lime-crushing .. ...... 1 1 1 Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods .', Other—Patent fuel, glass, leadlights, &c. ........ ' i ' i Chemicals, animal or vegetable products— Soap and candle works .......... j i ' Boiling down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &c. .. .... 1 1 4 ' \ ,7 Tanning .. .. ., .. ...... i . Other —Egg-preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. ■■ \ ...... Metals, machines, and implements— Agricultural and farm machinery, implements .. ' .. .. 1 ± „ Engineering (including electrical) .. .. ..!.. .. .. 2 2 2 Other —Tinware, sheet metal, &c. . . .. .. j 2 2 1 ' 8 3 '9 99 Vehicles, manufacturing of — Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &c. ...... 1 1 1 i Ships, boats, and equipment— Graving-docks, slips, ship-rigging, boat-building, &c.. .... 1 .. 1 2 4 Jewellery and watches— Electroplating, jewellery-manufacture, watches, clocks, -.11 , &c. " 2 Textile and fibrous materials— Woollen-mills .. .. .. .. .... .. .. 3 1 Other —Bags (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, &c. .. .. .. .. ,, 2 j t Harness, saddlery, and leatherware— Leather bags, suit-cases, belting, gloves, &c. ........ 12 Food, drink, and tobacco— Grain-mills and cereal-food making • • • ■ I •. 1 .. Brewing, malting, bottling, &c... .. .. .. .. ., 2 '4 Biscuit-making, bread, cake, confectionery, &e. .. .. 1 2 4 '4 2 4 1 is Jam-making, fruit preserving, pickles, condiments, &c. ...... 1 1 o Other—Baking-powder, coffee, ice-cream, &c. .... 1 .. 3 ' o Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware— Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. .. .. .. .. 1 2 3 3 9 Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs— Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &c. .... 1 4 4 4 2 4 9 91 Articles of dress— Boot, shoe, and slipper making .. .. .... 1 .. 2 1 2 4 in Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. .. .... .. .. 2 3 I « Other—Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .. .. .. .. .. \ 3' g Other manufacturing— Ammunitions, artificial limb, brush and broom, cork, &.c. .. 11 .. 1 1

H.—llA.

Table IXa. —Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution, etc. —continued.

31

Age-grouping (Years). Industrial Group. 18-20. 21-24. 25-29. | 30-39. 40-49. 50-59. 60-64. 6 oy^ a Totals. Registered Unemployment of Two Years, &c. —continued. Building and construction — Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, . . 2 2 7 8 31 19 6 74 masonry, &c. National public-works construction .. .. .... 3 4 13 26 37 44 5 132 Local body public-works construction and maintenance .. .. 1 8 17 31 22 8 87 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply — Electric light, power work, gas work, &c. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. 4 3 1 10 Transport and communication— Railways (not including construction) .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 8 1 .. 14 Tramway and omnibus services .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 .. 1 4 Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi— .... 3 2 5 4 9 6 2 31 Aerial transport—Aerodromes, air transport, &c. . . . . . . . . . . .. .... Water transport —Harbour, launch, loading, &c. . . . . .. 2 2 4 11 13 2 34 Communication —Postal, radio, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 3 1 .. 9 Miscellaneous — Property and finance —Auctioneering, banking, invest- .. .. .. 1 1 5 7 .. 14 ment, &c. Commerce —General wholesaling and retailing, adver- . . 6 11 20 39 62 32 7 177 tising, &c. Professional—Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, .. .. .. 2 2 5 4 2 15 &c. Entertainment, sport, recreation —Acclimatization officers, . . 1 .. 7 7 9 3 2 29 big-game fishing, billard-saloons, dance-halls, &c. Personal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hair- .. 2 2 9 13 27 30 6 89 dressers, laundries, &c National public service .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 1 .. 7 Local public service .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 2 4 10 2 1 19 49 60 164 236 405 317 71 1,302 Registered Unemployment of more than Three Years. No previous employment . . .. .. .. .. 34 19 21 18 19 9 6 126 Fishing— Fishing and trapping .. .. .. . . . . .. 1 3 3 13 15 4 39 Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &c.) — Agricultural, farming (cropping) .. .. .... 1 3 8 12 26 18 4 72 Dairy, pig, and cattle (share farming) .. .. .. 1 10 19 20 40 30 11 131 Mixed farming .. .. .. .. .. 2 9 16 26 53 36 11 153 Sheep-farming .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. 5 6 21 8 6 46 Other —Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &o. .. .... 2 4 9 22 51 41 13 142 Forestry— Firewood cutting, Government nurseries, post splitting, &c .. .. .. .. 4 .. 4 Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &c. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. 8 3 .. 11 Afforestation —Bush sawmilling (including bush trams) .. .. .. 2 10 18 28 24 6 88 Mining— Coal-mining (including State) and development .... .. 1 7 8 16 12 11 55 Gold-mining and development .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 3 6 7 1 20 Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 1 , . 1 Quarrying— Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. .. .... .. .. 1 3 7 10 11 1 33 Manufacturing : Processing of farm products— Meat freezing and preserving .. .. .... 1 2 7 13 41 32 6 102 Butter, cheese, and other milk products— .. .. . . .. .. 2 5 2 3 .. 12 FcJlmongering and wool-scouring .. .. .. . . .. .. . . 4 3 3 _ _ 10 Manufacturing (other) and repairs— Stone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble, pumice, &c. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Brick, tile, and pottery works .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 4 2 1 11 Lime and cement works; lime-crushing .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 1 1 5 Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 2 Other —Patent fuel, glass, leadlight, &c. .. .. . . .. .. .. 1 4 3 1 9 Chemicals, animal or vegetable products— Soap and candle works .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 3 Boiling down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 1 4 5 6 3 19 Tanning .. .. .. .. .... 1 1 1 1 1 2 .. 7 Other —Egg preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. .... .. 1 1 1 2 1 .. 6 Metals, machines, and implements— Agricultural and farm machinery, implements .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 2 3 2 9 Engineering (including electrical) .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 4 6 6 1 18 Other—Tinware, sheet metal, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 1 5 11 19 16 7 59 Vehicles, manufacturing of— Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &c. .... .. 1 2 6 7 4 2 22 Ships, boats, and oquipmen fc— Graving-docks, slips, ship-rigging, boat-building, &c. .. .. .. .. 1 2 4 4 1 12 Jewellery and watches — Electroplating, jewellery-manufacture, watches, clocks, .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. 2 &c. Textile and fibrous materials — Woollen-mills .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 3 .. 7 Other —Bags (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, &c. ., ,. 2 3 5 4 5 4 1 24

H.—lla.

Table IXa. Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution, etc. —continued.

Table IXb.—Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution of Unemployed (Scheme No. 5, Rationed Work Relief and Sustenance Recipients), as at 12th March, 1938.

32

Age-grouping (Years). Industrial Group. — . 18-20. 21-24. 25-29. 30-39. 40-49. 50-59. 60-64. 65-and TotA]^ Registered Unemployment of more than Three Years —contd. Manufacturing (other) and repairs— continued. Harness, saddlery, and leatherware— Leather bags, suit-oases, belting, gloves, &c. ...... 1 2 3 1 P'ood, drink, and tobacco— Grain-mills and cereal-food making .. .. .. j 3 3 ' . 9 Brewing, malting, bottling, &c. . . .. .... . . 3 3 7 c ' j 9(1 Biscuitmaking, bread, cake, confectionery, &c. .. 1 3 6 g 14 jg » .„ Jam-making, fruit preserving, pickles, condiments, &c. . . .. 2 2 '4 Other —Baking-powder, coffee, ice-cream, &c. .. .. .. ,~ j '2 5 '4 19 Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware— Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. .... 1 :) g 8 17 1(' a r± Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs— Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &c. 9 k 9 ia id a .«> Articles of dress— " 1U U b 39 Boot, shoe, and slipper making . . .. .... . . 3 2 11 6 1 93 Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. .. .... 2 2 2 l' 9 <» Other —Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .. .. .. 3 1 5 17 jj 5 30 Other manufacturing— Ammunitions, artificial limb, brush and broom, cork, &c. .. 1 .. 2 1 3 1 8 Building and construction — Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, .. 2 12 19 36 8'> 90 28 9fie masonry, &o. National public-works construction .. .. .. k on kk 101 1n o M „.„ t i i j it l . , . ' ' ' ' ° ,i,f 00 131 103 23 347 Local body public-works construction and maintenance .. .. 4 27 64 120 111 38 3f4 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply— Electric light, power work, gas work, &e. .. .. 1 3 13 jg ,4 „ r „ Transport and communication— Railways (not including construction) .. .. .. .. 2 9 14 91 26 12 84 Tramway and omnibus services .. .. .... 2 4 "s 7 91 Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi .. .. 3 15 ]- t ok 32 9 ill Aerial transport—Aerodromes, air transport, &c. ■•...... Water transport—Harbour, launch, loading, &c. .. .. .. 2 12 20 40 53 8 131Communication—Postal, radio, &c. .. .. .. . . 1 j j g 4 ,? Miscellaneous— '' Property and finance—Auctioneering, banking, invest- .. .. 1 4 ja 14 09 9 r4 ment, &c. d Commerce—General wholesaling and retailing, advertising, .. 5 13 44 gi 183 9 „ ._,„ Professional—Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, 9 9 fin » „„ &c. * rf 2is Entertainment, sport, recreation— Acclimatization officers, big-game fishing, billiard- .. 1 3 10 j9 9f; ,g 19 „„ saloons, dance-halls, &c. Personal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hair- .. .. 3 16 32 g-> nn 9n 99 4 dressers, laundries, &c. National public service .. .. .. .... 2 6 8 fi 99 Local public service .. .. . . . . . . 2 9 13 90 r 40 ■■ 56 129 361 603 1,291 1,109 321 3,870

Industrial Group. Nllmbe] . No previous employment ........ Q _ Fishing— '"' Fishing and trapping .. .. .. _ _ _ _ Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &e.) — Agricultural farming (cropping) .. .. .. ,. .._ Dairy, pig and cattle (share farming) .. . . ,. *£« Mixed farming ........ '' Sheep-farming ........ '' n™ Other—Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &o. .. .. " -I? Forestry— 2,533 Firewood cutting, Government nurseries, post splitting, &o. .... 4S Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &c. ..... on Afforestation—Bush sawmilling (including bush trams) . . . . . ' ggg Mining— 416 Coal-mining (including State) and development ...... 1 7 n Gold-mining and development . . .. .. . r ' r Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) Quarrying— "'° Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. ,, ., „„ i . . . oo 88

H.—llA.

Table IXb. —Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution of Unemployed, etc. —continued.

5—H. 11 A.

33

Industrial Group. j Number. Manufacturing : Processing of farm products— Meat freezing and preserving .. .. . . .. .. .. .. ,. 263 Butter, cheese, and other milk products .. .. .. . . .. .. ., 47 Pellmongering and wool-scouring .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 65 375 Manufacturing (other) and repairs— Stone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble, pumice, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Brick, tile, and pottery works . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 Lime and cement works ; lime-crushing . . .. .. .. .. .. 26 Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods .. .. .. . . .. ' 9 Other —Patent fuel, glass, leadlight, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 122 Chemicals, animal or vegetable products— Soap and candle works .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. \ 1 Boiling-down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &c. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 66 Tanning . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 Other —Egg preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 140 Metals, machines, and implements— Agricultural and farm machinery, implements .. .. .. .. .. 25 Engineering (including electrical) .. .. .. .. .. .. ,, j 64 Other —Tinware, sheet metal, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. J89 278 Vehicles, manufacturing of — Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 99 99 Ships, boats, and equipment— Graving-docks, slips, ship-rigging, boatbuilding, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 42 42 Jewellery and watches— Electroplating, jewellery-manufacture, watches, clocks, &c. .. .. .. .. 12 12 Textile and fibrous materials— Woollen-mills .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 Other —Bags (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, cfec. .. .. .. .. .. 114 148 Harness, saddlery, and leatherware— Leather bags, suit-cases, belting, gloves, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 28 Food, drink, and tobacco — Grain mills and cereal-food making . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 Brewing, malting, bottling, &e. .. .. ' . . .. .. .. .. 63 Biscuit-making, bread, cake, confectionery, &c. .. . . .. .. .. 156 Jam-making, fruit-preserving, piekles, condiments, &c. .. .. .. .. 23 Other —Baking-powder, coffee, iee-cream, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47 323 Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware— Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 142 142 Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs— Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 132 —. 132 Articles of dress— Boot, shoe, and slipper making .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 71 Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 Other —Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 124 228 Other manufacturing — Ammunitions, artificial limbs, brush and broom, cork, &c. .. .. .. .. 31 31 Building and construction- — Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, masonry, &c. .. .. .. .. 929 National public works construction .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 1,347 Local body public works construction and maintenance .. .. .. .. .. 1,008 3,284 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply— Electric light, power work, gas work, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 120 120 Transport and communication — Railways (not including construction) .. . . .. .. .. .. .. 200 Tramway and omnibus service . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi .. . . .. .. .. .. 292 Aerial transport—Aerodromes, air transport, &c. .. . . .. .. .. .. 2 Water transport —Harbour, launch, loading, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 513 Communication —Postal, radio, &c. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 1,090 Miscellaneous — Property and finance—Auctioneering, banking, investment, &c. .. .. .. .. 146 Commerce—General wholesaling and retailing, advertising, &c. .. .. .. .. 1,674 Professional —Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, &c. .. .. . . . . 123 Entertainment, sport, recreation—Acclimatization officers, big-game fishing, billiard-saloons, 280 dance-halls, &c. Personal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hairdressers, laundries, &c. . . .. .. 750 National public service .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 95 Local public service .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 183 3,251 13,609

H, —11A.

Table IXc. —Statement showing as at 12th March, 1938, Conjugal Classification of Unemployed according to Age-groups (Rationed Work Relief and Sustenance Recipients only).

Table X. —Statement showing Number of Positions with Private Employers filled by State Placement Service during Period 1st April, 1937, to 31st May, 1938.

It should be observed that the figures shown above are positions filled and not the numbers of men placed.

Table Xa.—Statement showing New Enrolments with State Placement Service and the Reasons for enrolling during the Period 1st April, 1937, to 31st May, 1938.

34

Age-group. Conjugal Classification. 17 Years „ fi5 Year*) fnteln and 18 to 20 21 to 24 25 to 29 30 to 89 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 to 64 00 J^, under Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. jL * A. Single men .. .. .. .. .. 69 560 415 638 747 1,554 1,176 196 5,355 B. Married, no children .. .. .. .. 6 59 117 168 293 1,271 1,402 392 3,708 C. Married, with 1 child .. .. .. .. 6 85 152 217 279 450 216 73 1,478 D. Married, with 2 children .. .. .. .. .. 30 138 241 278 292 79 26 1,084 E. Married, with 3 children .. .. .. .. 1 13 59 207 206 193 49 10 738 F. Married, with 4 children .. . . .. .. .. .. 37 145 149 106 24 5 466 G. Married, with 5 children .. .. .. .. .. .. .14 105 130 66 12 6 333 H. Married, with 6 children .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 72 88 41 5 4 215 I. Married, with 7 children .. . . .. . . . . .. 2 51 57 28 5 2 145 J. Married, with 8 children .. . . .. . . .. .. .. 15 22 13 .. 1 51 K. Married, with 9 children .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 8 10 9 .. . .• 27 L. Married, with 10 children .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 3 .. .. 6 M. Married, with 11 or more children .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. 3 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 82 747 939 1,868 2,264 4,026 2,968 715 13,609

Permanent Temporary Casual Province. (over Three (One Week (under One Total. Months). to Three Months). Week). Auckland .. .. .. .. .. 6,395 4,149 5,690 16,234 Hawke'sBay .. ..' .. .. .. 1,232 844 1,879 3,955 Taranaki .. .. .. .. .. 513 176 392 1,081 Wellington .. .. .. .. .. 4,945 3,930 6,207 15,082 Nelson and Marlborough .. .. .. 709 285 453 1,447 Westland .. .. .. .. .. 500 135 143 '778 Canterbury .. .. .. .. .. 1,351 1,232 1,625 4,208 Otago .. .. .. .. .. 2,128 1,523 4,224 7,875 Unclassified .. .. .. .. .. 339 564 236 1,139 Total .. .. .. .. 18,112 12,838 20,849 51,799

I Ueasons. - ; «§ oi « s « si< .« s Province. aS o g £ n = S 5 fe= |S _ ., 5 3 ., 3 |og b,|| fcggg-g £o £5= -SSS Total. ft oft -5 qJ=5 W So; ,?oo Auckland .. .. 343 18,946 121 202 80 30 455 20 177 Hawke's Bay .. 82 1,153 1 11 12 8 31 l'248 Taranaki .. .. 37 2,430 10 4 29 3 14 2'577 Wellington .. .. 198 10,202 99 145 75 99 126 10^944 Nelson and Marlborough 326 1,775 4 4 5 1 18 ">'l33 Westland .. .. 51 1,235 -7.8. 9 .. 11 l'321 Canterbury .. .'. 39- 10,286 17 25 56 46 146 lo'615 Otago .. ., 115 6,383 24 10 120 24 236 6^912 Total .. .. 1,191 52,410 283 409 386 210 1,037 55,927

H.—lla.

Table Xb. —Statement showing Industrial Occupational Distribution of Placements EFFECTED DURING THE PERIOD 31ST JANUARY, 1938, TO 31ST MAY, 1938. Fishing — Fishing and trapping .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 11 Farming (agricultural, pastoral, &c.) — Agricultural farming (cropping) .. .. .. .. . . .. 696 Dairy, pig, and cattle (share farming) .. .. .. .. .. 1,010 Mixed farming .. . . .. .. . . .. .. 402 Sheep-farming .. . . .. . . .. .. .. 377 Other —Beekeeping, flax, flowers, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 730 — 3,215 Forestry— Firewood cutting, Government nurseries, post-splitting, &c. .. .. 65 Kauri-gum digging, gathering, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Afforestation —Bush sawmilling (including bush trams) . . .. .. 401 485 Mining— Coal-mining (including State) and development . . .. .. .. 44 Gold-mining and development .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 Other mining (iron, mercury, oil, &c.) .. .. .. .. .. 7 89 Quarrying — Gravel, marble, sand, pumice, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 122 122 Manufacturing : Processing of farm products— Meat freezing and preserving .. .. .. .. .. .. 155 Butter, cheese, and other milk products .. .. .. .. 35 Fellmongering and wool-scouring .. .. . . .. .. 12 202 Manufacturing (other) and repairs— Stone, clay, earthenware, glass, marble, pumice, &c. .. .. .. 2 Brick, tile, and pottery works .. .. .. .. .. 41 Lime and cement works ; lime-crushing .. .. .. .. 57 Concrete blocks, fibrous plasters, asbestos goods .. .. .. 35 Other—Patent fuel, glass, leadlight, &c. .. .. .. .. 13 Chemicals, animal or vegetable products — Soap and candle works .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 Boiling down, glue, gelatine, drugs, &c. .. .. .. .. 223 Tanning .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 5 Other —Egg preservatives, fireworks, ink, &c. .. .. .. 28 Metals, machines, and implements — Agricultural and farm machinery, implements .. .. .. 11 Engineering (including electrical) .. .. .. .. .. 97 Other —Tinware, sheet metal, &c. .. .. .. .. •. 176 Vehicles, manufacturing of — Aircraft, horse-vehicles, motor-vehicles, &c. .. .. .. .. 183 Ships, boats, and equipment — Graving-docks, slips, ship-rigging, boat-building, &c. .. .. .. 412 Jewellery and watches — Electroplating, jewellery-manufacture, watches, clocks, &c. .. .. 3 Textile and fibrous materials — Woollen-mills . . . . .. .. .. .. . ■ 10 Other —Bags (not paper), sacks, carpets, rugs, &c. .. .. .. 15 Harness, saddlery, and leatherware — Leather bags, suit-cases, belting, gloves, &c. .. .. .. 3 Food, drink, and tobacco — Grain mills and cereal-food making .. .. .. .. .. 39 Brewing, malting, bottling, &c. .. .. .. .. • • 44 Biscuit-making, bread, cake, confectionery, &c. . . .. . . 112 Jam-making, fruit-preserving, pickles, condiments, &c. . . .. 23 Other—Baking-powder, coffee, ice-cream, &c. .. . . .. 46 Furniture and fittings, wood, cane, and basketware — Basket, billiard-table, blinds, furniture, &c. . . . . . . .. 138 Paper and stationery, books, newspapers, and photographs — Cardboard box, carton, cigarette-paper, &c. .. .. .. . . 109 Articles of dress — Boot, shoe, and slipper making .. .. .. .. .. 47 Clothing, corset, dressmaking, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 17 Other —Boot-repairing, fur, hosiery-making, &c. .. .. .. 17 Other manufacturing— Ammunitions, artificial limbs, brush and broom, cork, &c. . . . . 20 1,959

6—H. 11 A.

35

H.—lla,

Table Xb —continued. Building and construction — Building, bricklaying, general carpentering, painting, masonry, &c... .. 2,096 National public works construction .. .. .. .. 2,798 Local body public works construction and maintenance .. .. .. 3,822 Gas, water, and electricity production and supply — Electric light, power work, gas work, &c. .. .. .. 192 8,908 Transport and communication — Railways (not including construction) .. .. .. .. .. 382 Tramway and omnibus service .. .. .. . . . . .. 14 Other road services—Cartage, motor-garages, taxi . . .. .. 434 Aerial transport —Aerodromes, air transport, &c. .. .. .. .. 5 Water transport —Harbour, launch, loading, &c. .. .. .. ..2,681 Communication —Postal, radio, &c. .. .. .. . . .. 52 3,568 Miscellaneous— Property and finance —Auctioneering, banking, investment, &c. .. .. 33 Commerce —General wholesaling and retailing, advertising, &c. .. .. 1,537 Professional—Architect, benevolent institution, doctors, &c. . . .. 82 Entertainment, sport, recreation —Acclimatization officers, big-game fishing, billiard-saloons, dance-halls, &c. . . .. .. .. . . 462 Personal and domestic services—Boardinghouses, hairdressers, laundries, &c. 967 National public service .. .. .. .. .. .. 270 Local public service .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 746 4,097 22,656

36

H.—lla.

Table XI. —Geographical Distribution of Unemployed according to Four Main Urban Areas and Provincial Districts (showing also a Comparison of the Position during the Month of June* in the Years 1936, 1937, and 1938).

N0te.—42,939 males were registered as unemployed in June, 1936; 29,326 for June, 1937; and 16,721 for June, 1938. * Latest quarterly figures available for inclusion in report. The figures include : (a) Those registered and awaiting the expiration of the qualifying period ; ( b) those in receipt of rationed work relief under Scheme No. 5 ; (c) those in receipt of sustenance awaiting placement; and (d) those unfit for employment for health or other reasons, but being afforded relief from the Employment Promotion Fund.

37

H.—llA,

Table XI-continued.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing (1,116 copies), £65.

By Authority: E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—l93B, Price is.]

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