REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1934. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1934.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1935 Session I, E-01

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1935. NEW ZEALAND.

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1934. [In Continuation of E.-1, 1934.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTENTS.

Section Title ot Section ' Page Section Title oi Section - Pa S e 1. Introductory and General .. .. .. 2 20. Intermediate Schools and Departments .. 26 2. Types of School .. .. .. ..4 21. Post-primary Education .. .. ..26 3. Cost of Education .. .. 5 22. Evening Technical Classes and Part-time Day 4. School Buildings and Sites .. .. 6 Classes .. .. .. 26 5. Number of Schools .. .. . • 1 23. Native Schools .. .. .. 27 6. Enrolment at Educational Institutions .. 7 24. Registered Private Primary Schools .. .. 27 7. Regularity of Attendance .. .. .. 11 25. Private Secondary Schools (Registered) .. 28 8. Staffs of Schools .. .. .. ..11 26. Correspondence School .. .. ..28 9. Number of Pupils and Adult Teachers in the 27. Kindergarten Schools .. .. ..28 Public Primary Schools of the different Educa- 28. Consolidation of Schools .. .. .. 29 tion Districts .. .. .. 12 29. Conveyance of Pupils .. .. .. 29 10. Size of Classes .. .. .. .. 13 30. Manual Instruction .. .. .. 30 11. Classification of Teachers .. .. ..14 31. Physical Education .. .. ..30 12. Salaries of Teachers .. .. 16 32. School Music .. .. .. .. 30 13. Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools .. 18 33. Training of Teachers .. .. .. 3Q 14. Pupils commencing Post - primary Course in 34. Higher (University) Education .. .. 30 State Schools .. . . .. 18 35. Annual Examinations .. .. 31 15. Destination of Pupils .. .. 20 36. Child Welfare .. .. .. 33 16. Vocational Guidance and Placement .. 23 37. Teachers' Superannuation Fund .. .. 34 17. Length of Post-primary Course .. .. 24 Appendix — Statement of Expenditure and Re--18. Free Places in Post-primary Schools .. 25 coveries, &c. .. .. .. .. 35 19. Special Classes for Backward Children .. 25 \

Office of the Department of Education, Your Excellency,— Wellington, 26th August, 1935. I have the honour, in accordance with the provisions of the Education Act, 1914, to submit to Your Excellency the following report upon the progress and condition of public education in New Zealand during the year ended the 31st December, 1934. I have, &c., S. G. Smith. His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand. I—E. 1.

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REPORT.

i. INTRODUCTORY AND GENERAL. It is with pleasure I am able to report that in the educational institutions under the control of my Department the standard of attainment has been well maintained during the year. The skill and efficiency of the teachers, together with the generous assistance rendered by all the controlling authorities have made it possible to give the pupils an education that should assist them in taking their place in the communities in which they find themselves when they leave school. Notwithstanding that the economic condition of the Dominion has not yet returned to normal, it has been possible to restore some of the items in educational expenditure that had to be eliminated during the worst years of the depression. From the Ist April the salaries of teachers were increased by 5 per cent. ; the grant for handwork material was restored, and a supply thereof will be made available to the public schools for 1935 ; the incidental expenses of School Committees and of the Boards controlling secondary and technical schools have been increased ; an additional grant was made for the maintenance of school-buildings ; and boardingallowances to enable children to attend public primary schools were restored. Since I assumed the portfolio of Education on the 22nd November, 1934, I have given much consideration to a number of the problems connected with my Department with the object of discovering ways and means of initiating reforms that will be of benefit to the pupils and to the teachers. If the financial position has improved, I hope that next year it will be possible to provide on the estimates additional means for the improvement of the system. Owing to the number of teachers who were still without permanent positions, it was necessary at the beginning of the year to continue the rationing-scheme, but on a different basis. It was decided to employ full time all teachers who were not in permanent positions instead of employing them for a term as previously. Salary at the rate of £60 per annum, with lodging-allowance, where necessary, at £24 per annum, was paid. From the Ist August it was found possible to raise these rates to £72 and £36 respectively. Such continuous employment was advantageous to these teachers and to the schools —to the teachers because it enabled them to make greater progress in their profession, and to the pupils in that an increased staffing enabled the size of classes to be reduced in many schools. In February new intermediate schools were opened at Shirley, Christchurch, and at Albany Street, Dunedin. There are now five intermediate schools and eleven intermediate departments in the Dominion. At the beginning of the year regulations were gazetted in connection with the School Certificate Examination. This is an examination taken at the same stage in a pupil's school career as the University Entrance Examination and equal in difficulty to it. It is intended for those pupils who do not wish to undertake University education but who desire to leave school with tangible evidence that they have undertaken satisfactorily a good course of work in a post-primary school. Pupils can select from thirty-one subjects, nineteen of these being similarly prescribed for the University Entrance Examination. For these nineteen subjects the papers are set by the University of New Zealand. For the other twelve, among which are technical drawing, book-keeping, shorthand and typing, needlework, housecraft, technical electricity, and general biology, the papers are set by the Department. English is the only subject that is compulsory. The scope of the examination is therefore wider and the choice of the candidate less limited than for the University Entrance Examination. The first examination was held at the end of the year and the result must be regarded as very encouraging. It is not anticipated that the full effect of the opportunity that has been given to pupils to take a wider course of study will be realized for two or three _ years. Various appointing authorities and examining bodies have notified their willingness to accept the examination in whole or in part for their requirements. But the great merit of this change is that it will enable each and every pupil to select those subjects the study of which will, he thinks, ultimately be of the greatest service to him, and the most in accord with his natural gifts.

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It has been estimated that the supply of teachers to fill permanent and relieving positions in the schools will be exhausted at the end of 1936. It was therefore necessary to consider the training of teachers in readiness for 1937, and, as the course extends over two years, it was decided to reopen the Auckland and Christchurch Training Colleges in February, 1935, and to admit 400 Division A and 30 Division C (graduate) students. For some years training-college entrants have had experience as probationers before entering the college, but, on, reconsideration of the position in the light of experience in the Dominion and in Great Britain, it was decided to discontinue the practice. Similar steps have been taken in Great Britain as a result of a report presented by a special committee set up in 1925. In future, young people of a suitable standard of education will be admitted direct to the training colleges, will spend two years therein learning the principles and practice of their profession, and will then serve in the larger schools under the guidance of experienced head teachers for one year prior to their becoming certificated. During the year the staffs of the Auckland and Christchurch Training Colleges were employed according to their special qualifications in various branches of education throughout the Dominion. The Principals and Vice-Principals were appointed Acting-Inspectors of Schools, and were in this way given the opportunity of seeing large numbers of their former students at work and of estimating to what extent the training given in the colleges was enabling the students to meet the problems and requirements of every-day school life. The lecturers in art, music, handwork and kindergarten work, science and nature study, and physical instruction became itinerant instructors and visited schools throughout the Dominion. They taught in the schools, and through refresher classes and in other ways guided and directed the teachers in regard to the most modern methods of teaching the subjects in which they themselves had specialized. Several of the lecturers were attached to the University Colleges as assistants to members of the professorial staff. This association was helpful to the University Colleges and especially so to the trainingcollege lecturers, who had an opportunity of renewing their acquaintance with University standards of learning. Keports that have been received show that the allocation of the trainingcollege staffs to specialist work in the schools, both primary and post-primary, was welcomed by the schools and has proved of very great benefit to education generally. Teachers have received inspiration and help and have communicated to their pupils the enthusiasm aroused in themselves. The training-college lecturers have seen what is being done in the schools, what can be done, and what should be done. I therefore look forward with confidence to the training colleges performing more successfully than ever their duty in the training of teachers. The Correspondence School has functioned very efficiently as a unit in the Department's system of rural education, and has also served the needs of a number of children who, because of physical disability, have been unable to attend the schools near their homes. It provides full courses of primary and secondary instruction from the primer stage to the Higher Leaving Certificate. The Child Welfare Branch of the Department dealt with about the same number of cases as in the previous year. A notable feature is the preventive work by which children are socially readjusted in their own homes as soon as there is any sign of trouble, and by prompt action saved from appearance in a Children's Court. Parents as a general rule welcome the services of Child Welfare Officers in this respect. The number of honorary Child Welfare Officers was increased, and the local interest in individual cases and the system generally was thereby considerably enlarged. There is no doubt that the preventive work of the Department combined with the assistance given by honorary officers and social-service organizations has tended to diminish the numbers of children appearing before the Courts for serious offences against the law. In the Native Schools the departure from the conventional teaching practice and the endeavour to foster the self-development of the child through selfexpression, and to relate the activities of the school more closely to the actual needs of the Maori were continued. In health instruction, woodwork, domestic work, and increased social service the results are proving beneficial and stimulating.

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In a few Native schools the teachers, Committee, and parents have provided the funds with which to build in the playground a small model home, wherein the training of the girls in housecraft, cookery, and home-management could not be more practical and realistic. In connection with the health teaching and practice given in Native schools, I wish to acknowledge the valuable co-operation of the Health Department. The attendance at the Native schools has increased. The policy of encouraging ground improvements has been continued, and extensive treeplanting, chiefly for shelter, effected. _ ( During the year four exchanges of teachers were arranged with Great Britain, two with Canada, one with South Africa, two with Queensland, and two with New South Wales. This is the first occasion for many years on which exchanges have been arranged between teachers from New Zealand and Australia, and I have every reason to be satisfied with the result. Negotiations are at present being made to extend the operation of the scheme to include other States of the Commonwealth. From reports received from New Zealand exchange teachers, while abroad and on their return, it is quite evident that the benefits to be derived from the system fully merit its continuation and extension. Regulations relating to exchange of New Zealand teachers with teachers from other parts of the British Empire were recently gazetted, revoking the out-of-date regulations made under the Education Act, 1914, and embodying the conditions under which exchanges have been arranged in recent years. The arrangements thus incorporated in the Regulations follow largely on the suggestions made by the Imperial Education Conference in 1923. 2. TYPES OF SCHOOLS. The present position in regard to our school system is outlined below. The Native schools and the Correspondence School are under the direct control of the Department; the other schools given in Table A are controlled by the various Boards in accordance with the Act and the regulations made thereunder. The primary schools in the Chatham Islands have since 1929 been controlled by the Department. _ . In addition to the types given in that table there exist a number of private primary schools, private secondary schools, and private Native schools (both primary and secondary). These are under the control of various private bodies, but the range of classes is substantially the same as that given for corresponding schools in the table. Some private secondary schools are " endowed" i.e., maintained partly by revenues derived from grants of land made by the State. Apart from certain special schools for the mentally backward (three) and for the deaf (one) —the following are the types of State schools that are at present in operation. The New Zealand Institute for the Blind is privately controlled.

Table A.

(a) A few primary schools have a Standard VII, in which the work done approximates to that of Form 111. In some of the schools the work done in Form 111 is supervised by the teacher, but the pupils are supplied with lessons compiled by the staff of the Department's Correspondence School. Some primary schools have became contributing schools—i.e., have lost Forms I and 11, these classes having been transferred to intermediate schools or d tmentg Mude Forms I and II only, Form 111 being considered part of the post-primary school to which the intermediate department is attached. Intermediate schools have, however, a Form 111 m cases Speol^ y in P departments of some district high schools there are a few pupils doing work m advance of that of Form V. . . , , (d) Secondary and technical schools amalgamated under a single governmg body.

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Type of School. Lowest Class. Highest Class. 1. Primary (a) .. .. Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). 2. Native .. .. • • Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). 3. Intermediate (b) .. . . Form I (Standard V) Form II (Standard VI). 4. District High School — _ (i) Primary Department Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). (ii) Secondary Department Form III.. .. FormV. (c) 5. Secondary .. Form III.. .. Form VI. 6. Technical High .. .. Form III.. .. Form VI. 7. Combined (d) .. .. Form III.. .. Form VI. 8. Correspondence School — (i) Primary .. .. Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). (ii) Secondary .. .. Form III.. .. FormV.

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3. COST OF EDUCATION. The appendix to this report shows in detail under various headings the expenditure on education during the financial year ended 31st March, 1935. The total expenditure, including endowment revenue, amounted to £2,920,606, as against £2,795,170 in the previous year, an increase of £125,436. An analysis of expenditure is shown in the following table : —

Table B.—Analysis of Expenditure on Education for the Year ended 31st March, 1935.

f Mean population for twelve months ended 31st March, 1935, was 1,553,005. § Grant to Massey Agricultural College is now provided under vote " Agriculture." || No significant amount. From the statement of expenditure and recoveries the cost per pupil in the primary schools based on average attendance was £10 Bs. Bd. excluding "buildings, and £10 lis. Bd. including buildings.

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(For more details see appendix to this Paper.) ™ , Expenditure expressed as Expenditure per Branch of Education. * 6 Percentage of Total Head of Population^ Expenditure. £ £ s. d. Departmental administration .. .. 32,358 1-11 0 0 5 Boards'administration .. .. •• 48,542 1-66 0 0 7 Cost of inspection — Primary .. .. . • 31,909 1-09 0 0 5 Native .. .. .. •• •• 2,059 0-07 || Post-primary .. .. .. •• 4,849 0-17 0 0 1 Primary education — Public schools .. .. •• •• 1,789,538 \ 61-50 13 2 Departmental Correspondence School .. 6,674 f Native Education —• Native schools .. .. .. •• 80,147 \ 2-39 0 11 Scholarships and bursaries .. .. 4,167 / Post-primary educationSecondary, technical, and combined schools .. 501,783 Secondary departments of district high schools 73,4761 I9.93 07 6 Correspondence School .. .. ■ • 6,004 j Scholarships and bursaries .. .. 834 J Higher education§ .. .. •• 82,709 i 2-83 0 1 1 Training of teachers .. .. 12,669 0-43 0 0 2 Special schools .. .. 18,623 0-64 0 0 3 Child welfare .. .. .. 107,094 3-67 0 1 4 Superannuation .. .. .. . 47,712 1-63 0 0 7 Miscellaneous .. •• ■■ 12,299 0-42 0 0 2 Capital expenditure on school buildings .. 57,160 1-96 0 0 9 Total* .. .. 2,920,606 100-00 1 17 7 * This includes revenue from endowments administered by the various Boards, &c., as well as direct expenditure from public funds — From public funds as shown in appendix .. .. .. .. a,871,167 Endowments — Post-primary schools .. .. •• ' •• •• 30,460 University colleges .. .. .. •• •• •• 18,970 £2,920,606

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4. SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND SITES. During the year the net capital expenditure on the erection of school-buildings, additions, sites, and teachers' residences was £57,160, as against £56,656 for the previous year. Owing to the limited funds available, it was not possible, therefore, to consider favourably all of the proposals that were submitted. Pieference was given to those cases where no school accommodation existed, or the existing buildings were inadequate for the numbers attending. In order to reduce further the expenditure of capital funds, an item was provided on the Consolidated Fund estimates to meet the cost of works costing under £200. These works included small additions and alterations, the total expenditure for the year being £5,871, which figure is included in the table given below. During the year it was necessary to provide £10,443 for the replacement of schoolbuildings destroyed by fire. Of this amount the sum of £8,567 was recovered from the Government Fire Insurance Fund. The following table shows the capital expenditure on new buildings, additions, sites, and teachers' residences for the years ended 31st March, 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935 1931-32. 1932-33. 1933-34. 1934-35. £ £ £ £ Public schools .. 126,778 36,290 57,664 35,105 Secondary schools .. 65,030 22,909 2,568 14,679 Technical schools .. 44,507 4,110 1,504 12,851 Training colleges . . 1,228 Native schools .. 14,433 869 2,698 5,419 Schools for mentally backward . . 199 Child - welfare institutions . . .. 714 Kindergartens . . 54 . . . . .. ■ Massey Agricultural College .. .. 9,622 Gross total.. 262,565 64,178 64,434 68,054 Less credits-in-aid .. 3,417 7,050 7,778 10,894 £259,148 £57,128 £56,656 £57,160

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5. NUMBER OF SCHOOLS. The following table gives the number of public schools classified according to grade. The average attendance for the year ended 31st August is also shown :—

Table C1.—Number of Public Primary Schools.

Table C 2, below, gives the number of schools other than public primary schools in the years 1933 and 1934 :—

Table C2.—Number of Schools other than Public Primary Schools.

6. ENROLMENT AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. The following tables (D to F) give some details as to numbers on the roll at recognized educational institutions, numbers of full-time pupils m the various standards and forms, and median ages of full-time pupils in the various standards and forms.

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Total Average Attendance.t Number of Schools.* 1 —— ' Grade of School and „ . ~ , , . Secondary _ Range of Average Pnmar y Department.} D epartme£t.§ Totals - Attendance. — ;— In each In each In each In each In each In each In each In each Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. 0 (1-8) .. .. 216 216 1,-422 1,422 .. .. 1,422 1 499 1 (9-20) .. .. 781 781 11,137 11,137 .. .. 11,137 11J37 II (21-35) .. .. 488 488 12,783 12,783 .. .. 12,783 12,783 HIA (36-50) .. .. 301 1 12,433 "1 •• 1 12,433 IIIB (51-80) .. .. 260 [> 691 15,466 43 174 15,509 y 40 078 IIIc (81-120) .. .. 130 j 12,005 J 131 j 12.136 J IVA (121-160) .. .. 59 1 7,735 ] 374 1 8,109 1 IVB (161-200) .. .. 42 y 133 7,050 J- 21,513 504 VI,626 7,554 y 23 139 IVo (201-240) .. .. 32 J 6,728 ! 748 J 7,476 J Va (241-280) .. .. 29 1 7,177 502 1 7,679 1 Vb (281-320) .. .. 29 y 85 8,296 y 24,409 324 [>1,223 8,620 y 25,632 Vo (321-360) .. .. 27 J 8,936 j 397 j 9,333 J VIA (361-400) .. .. 33 1 12,130 ) 582 1 12,712 i VIB (401-440) .. .. 15 f 62 6,113 128 !> 710 6,241 y 25 121 Vic (441-480) .. .. 14 j 6,168 J J 6,168 I VIIA (481-520) .. .. 22 *] 10,680 ' 80 ] 10,760 1 VIIB (521-560) .. .. 21 10,943 42 10 985 Vile (561-600) .. .. 17 9,622 151 g'773 VIID (601-640) .. .. 6 3,667 .. 3'667 VIIe (641-680) .. .. 5 V- 76 3,253 V 41,843 .. I 273 3253 I 42,116 VIIF (681-720) .. .. 2 1,419 1419 VIIG (721-760) .. .. 2 1,428 l'428 VIIH (761-800) .. .... VIIi (801-840) .. .. 1 J 831 J J '831 Totals, 1934 .. .. 2,532 2,532 177,422 177,422 4,006 4,006 181,428 181,428 Totals, 1933 .. .. 2,517 2,517 183,148 183,148 4,049 4,049 187,197 187,197 Difference .. .. +15 +15 -5,726 -5,726 -43 -43 -5,769 -5,769 * Thirteen half-time and fifty-three schools with side schools attached are counted as separate schools. j t The average attendance shown under this heading is the average attendance for the year ended 31st August, 1934, computed and adjusted m accordance with the regulations governing the staffing of schools. The unadjusted total average attendance for the year ended 31st December, 1934, was : Primary departments. 173,783secondary departments 4,564 $ The average attendance shown under this heading includes any pupils in Standard VII or in special classes. fclhis refers to secondary classes conducted mainly in rural areas in district high schools—that is, in primary schools to which are attached secondary departments.

(All schools not marked as "private" are State controlled.) Number of Schools in December, Number of Schools in December, 1933. 1934. Type ol School. T JT e of Education , given. Boys' Girls' Mixed T . . Boys' Girls' Mixed ™ . , Schools. Schools. Schools. 10Tai - Schools. Schools. Schools. Total * Chatham Islands .. .. Primary .. .. .. 4 4 .. .. 5 5 Intermediate schools or depart- Intermediate .. j 2 1 11 14 2 1 13 16 ments* Secondary departments of dis- Post-primary .. .. . . 81 81 .. .. 82 82 trict high schools Secondary .. . . . . Post-primary .. 10 12 16 38 10 12 16 38 Combined .. .. .. Post-primary .. 3 3 .. 6 3 3 .. 6 Technical .. .. .. Post-primary .. .. .. 21 21 .. .. 21 21 Native village .. . . Primary .. .. . . 137 137 .. _ _ j3§ jgg Native mission (private) .. Primary .. .. .. n 11 °' jj jj Native post-primary (private). . Primary and 4 5 1 10 4 5 1 10 post-primary Lower departments of secondary Primary 3 4 ] 8 3 4 1 8 schools (private) Private primary .. .. Primary .. 41 36 232 309 39 29 239 307 Endowed and registered private Post-primary 21 33 1 55 20 34 1 55 secondary schools Specialf .. .. .. Primary 2 1 2 5 2 1 2 j 5 o .* Sl eV i n^°l theS ? in ,3-934 were intermediate departments. t Two of these are schools for the mentally backward, one~a school attached to a boys welfare institution, one a school for the blind, and one a school for the deaf. The New Zealand Institute for the Blind is privately controlled.

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Table D.-Numbers on the Roll at Recognized Educational Institutions (exclusive of University Colleges and Kindergarten Schools).

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Total Total Children. Adolescents. Adults. Number Number , , on the Roll on the . J j ; —, — ; i —— 1— I Type of School. r 0 h on 1st July 1st July, Under 10-11 11-12 | 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 i 19-20 20-21 21 Years 1933 ' 1934. 10 Years. Years. Years. Years, j Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. and over. I I I I Public primary schools .. 191,331 188,916 97,730 23,882 23,338 22,206 14,815 5,793 1,057 84 11 Special classes for backward 504 505 115 61 80 80 103 children Native schools, village (primary) 7,374 7,504 3,859 914 883 826 638 325 51 7 1 Native schools, mission (private, 527 549 274 70 62 fx Public primary schools, Chatham 149 157 77 10 26 14 19 8 1 1 1 I o I q T"1 (1 s Secondary schools, lower depart- 171 169 39 24 32 29 26 15 3 1 FnvlSVimty school,. .. 25,294 25,773 13,259 3,053 3,065 2,929 2,082 1,019 276 68 18 3 1 .. Intermediate schools and depart- 3,966 4,483 3 144 900 1,561 1,190 531 143 11 .... ...... Secondary departments of district 5,030 5,011 .. .. 9 244 1,134 1,536 1,035 614 293 111 32 3 Secondary "schools .. 14,468 14,718 .. 28 650 2,920 4,024 3,151 2,127 1,254 485 73 5 1 Combined schools .. .. 2 093 2,144 .. •• 1 78 360 568 521 329 192 79 15 . 1 Technical high and day schools.. 8 706 8,911 .. 2 13 400 1,953 2,922 2,025 971 411 130 36 14 34 Technical classes (part-time stu- 9,018 9,597 .. .. 22 35 147 606 1,147 1,705 1,779 1,291 878 543 1,444 dents at day and night classes) Native schools, secondary* — * _ „ ,, „ _ Q , Primary .. .. 105 93 21 7 6 11 14 19 6 5. 3 1 i, ; - one 2 Q 7 .. 16 45 70 56 26 20 2 2 registered private 4,109 4,193 .. .. 10 176 630 881 984 813 501 155 26 6 11 secondary schools Correspondence Schoo!- 770 158 l 26 114 98 37 20 8 4 1 .. .. Secondary" .. .. 393 447 .. 1 4 35 135 115 75 41 23 8 4 2 * Schools § fcff 1 mentally backward, 290 ' 2 84 " 2 0 "l5 " 2 7 " 3 5 "46 "43 " 3 8 "la "l9 " 8 " 6 "7 " 5 &jC School for tlie Deaf .. .. 119 121 33 10 11 10 24 12 9 5 3 3 . . .. 1 Hew Zealand Institute for the 32 31 .7 4 2 3 5 3 3.. 2 Blmd Grand totals 275,648 275,179 116,207 28,355 28,645 29,504 26,393 18,568 10,644 6,869 4,539 2,297 1,074 583 1,501 Estimated population (inclusive I 1,548,955 140,450f ' HM20 28,120 26,590 27,460 28,930 28,440 28,720 28,590 28,340$ of Maoris) at 1st July, 1934 __ . * Native mission schools are registered private primary schools, and three Native secondary schools are registered private secondary schools, but in this table these schools are considered, respectively, mission schools and Native post-primary schools. f Estimated population five years of age but under ten years of age. J Estimated population twenty-one years of age and under twenty-two years of age.

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Table E.—Numbers of Full-time Pupils in the various Standards and Forms as at 1st July, 1934.

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Special Class I for . M ® n " I Class P. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Form I. Form II. Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. tally BackType of School. ward. j Boys. ! Girls. | Boys. ' Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. I Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. I Boys. Girls. Public primary .. .. 323 182 23,653 20,37312,51311,02213,15012,07813,79512,83513,21912,41711,992 11,22410,211 9,632 340 462 99,196 90,225 Native— Europeans.. .. .. .. 157 132 82 68 52 56 68 68 52 60 44 41 33 40 5 6 493 471 Maoris .. .. | .. .. 1,453 1,298 499 491 441 438 422 384 245 297 176 181 105 96 3 11 3,344 3,196 Public primary — Chatham .... 32 19 6 13 12 12 9 8 9 9 3 10 7 5 3 .............. 81 76 Islands i Private primary and lower de- .. .. , 3,356 3,196 1,387 1,537 1,483 1,592 1,591 1,812 1,620 1,860 1,644 1,879 1,423 1,613 114 477 12,618 13,966 partments of secondary j ! Intermediate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I 1,091 962 1,233 1,066 79 52 .. .. 2,403 2,080 I I. , ..... J . . : , , Secondary departments of dis- .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,1121,115 776 649 693 467 110 89 2,691 2,320 trict high schools : Secondary.. .. | 2,7022,5142,2102,0032,381 1,811 647 450 7,940 6,778 Combined .. .. .. \ 400 321 334 264 393 238 124 70 1,251 893 Technical.. .. .. .. i 1 2,3611,8971,5511,203 873 852 106 68 4,891 4,020 Endowed and registered private .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• 715 6,71 546 700 711 587, 235 174 2,207 2,132 secondary schools Correspondence .. .. 214 234 80 93 85 82 96 101 61 80 44 66 43 57 126 160 33 76 28 24 .. .. 810 973 Totals .. .. 323 182 28,865 25,252 14,567 13;224 15,223 14,258 15,S8I l5,20815, 206 14,723 14,994 14,363 13,055 12,509 7,960 7,686 5,4504,895 5,079 3,979 1,222 851 137,925 127,130

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Table F.—Median Ages of Full-time Pupils in the various Standards and Forms as at 1st July, 1934.

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Special Class for ci ass p. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Form I. Form II. Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. the Mentally Type of School. Backward. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Y. M. Public primary .. . . 12 012 0 6 11 6 10 8 4 8 2 9 4 9 1 10 510 211 511 312 512 313 413 113 1113 9 Native— Europeans 7 6 7 1 9 0 8 1010 0 9 710 810 711 11 11 812 712 913 513 8 Maoris .. 7 11 7 9 9 10 9 811 210 911 011 912 10 12 713 513 414 314 2 Private primary and lower .. .. 6 6 6 6 8 3 8 1 9 2 9 110 310 111 511 212 512 313 413 214 314 5 departments of secondary schools Intermediate .. 12 412 1 13 313 213 613 9 Secondary departments of 14 113 1014 1014 816 316 117 617 7 district high schools Secondary .. 13 1113 914 1114 816 516 017 417 3 Combined .. 14 213 10 15 114 916 216 117 517 6 Technical .. 14 214 015 014 916 316 217 717 8 Endowed and registered private 14 413 10 15 415 216 816 317 5 17 2 secondary schools Correspondence .. 74738786979 410 1110 411 11 11 812 1012 913 813 614 013 1115 115 016 916 4 ..

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7. REGULARITY OF ATTENDANCE. For the year 1934 the average attendance of pupils in public primary schools and intermediate schools and departments was 91-3 per cent, of the average weekly roll, as against 92-9 per cent, in 1933. This decrease in attendance when compared with the previous year does not point to an increase in truancy, but is accounted for by the fact that for varying periods in different districts epidemics of illnesses were more frequent than in 1933. Epidemics of some form of illness were common in the second term and to a lesser degree in the final term of the year. Again in the Nelson Education District a particularly high degree of regularity of attendance was achieved. 8. STAFFS OF SCHOOLS. The following table shows the number of adult teachers in the public primary schools of the different grades.

Table H1. —Number of Adult Teachers employed in Primary Departments of Public Schools, December, 1934.

The following table indicates the number of women teachers for each 100 men teachers : —

Table H2.—Ratio of Women to Men Teachers in Primary Schools.

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Sole Teachers. Head Teachers. Teachers' Total Adult Teachers. Grade of School.* j i " M. F. ; M. F. M. F. M. F. Total. Grade 0 (1-8) .. 61 140 61 140 201 I (9-20) .. 438 303 1 1 2 440 305 745 II (21-35) .. 214 187 42 36 2 77 258 300 558 IIIa (36-50) .. 6 4 190 93 4 284 200 381 581 IIIb (51-80) .. 1 215 40 7 299 223 339 562 „ IIIc (81-120) 116 6 15 258 131 264 395 IV (121-240) 130 .. 135 421 265 421 686 V (241-360) 81 1 156 453 237 454 691 VI (361-480) .. ■ • ■ ■ 63 .. 201 485 264 485 749 " VII (over 480) 82 .. 355 837 437 837 1,274 All grades — 1934 .. .. 720 634 920 176 876 3,116 2.516 3,926 6,442 1933 .. 699 670 895 174 769 2,865 2,363 3,709 6,072 Difference .. . . —)—21 —36 —|—25 -|-2 —(—107 —)—251 +153 —|—217 —|—370 * The grade of school given above is the grade in which the school is placed when all attached side schools are included, while part-time schools taught by the same teacher are counted as one school.

1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. Adult teachers — All schools 187 183 184 178 174 167 157 156 Schools with roll 1-20 .. 202 185 162 157 156 120 103 89 Schools with roll over 20 .. 185 182 188 182 178 177 170 173 Probationers 236 303 265 224 177 * * * Training-college students .. 213 227 242 282 226 201 163 t * There were no probationers in 1932, 1933, or 1934. t All Training Colleges were closed during 1934.

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Table H3.—Number of Adult Full-time Teachers employed in Departmental Schools, December, 1933, and December, 1934.

In addition to the above the following numbers of teachers were also employed

9. NUMBER OF PUPILS AND ADULT TEACHERS IN THE PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS IN THE DIFFERENT EDUCATION DISTRICTS. The following table gives the number of children attending public primary schools and intermediate schools and departments in the different education districts and the number of adult teachers in these schools at the end of 1934. The figures are exclusive of the secondary departments of district high schools.

Table J.

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December, 1933. December, 1934. Principals | Principals and Sole : Assistant Total Adult and Sole Assistant Total Adult Type of School. and Head ; Teachers. Teachers. and Head Teachers. Teachers. Teachers. | Teachers. M. P. | M. F. M. P. M. ' P. M. J P. M. P. Public (primary) .. .. 1,594 844 7692,8652,3633,7091,640 810 8763,1162,5163,926 Intermediate* .. .. 3 69 62 72 62 5 ... 66 65 71 65 Secondary departments of |2 118 89 120 89 |2 . . 126 98 128 98 district high, schools Secondary .. .. 26 12 310 249 336 261 26 12 321 252 347 264 Combined .. .. 4 3 55 34 59 37 4 3 54 35 58 38 Technical .. . . 21 . . 225 141 246 141 21 .. 229 147 250 147 Native (primary) .. 102 35 8 78 110 113 107 31 7 79 114 110 Chatham Islands .. .. 4 .. 3 4 3 4 1 1 4 2 Correspondence — Primary .. .. 1 .. 5 17 6 17 1 ... 5 18 6 18 Post-primary . . 4 7 4 7 .. 5 10 5 10 Special .. .. .. 2 2 7 11 9 13 2 2 7 12 9 14 Totals .. .. 1,759 8961,5703,5563,329 4,4521,812 8591,6963,8333,5084,692 * Where the intermediate department is attached to a secondary, technical, or district high school only the teachers of Porms I and II are included here. t These are the head teachers of the Waihi and West Christchurch District High Schools to which are attached intermediate departments.

1933. 1934. M. F. M. F. Manual instructors .. .. .. 90 67 90 68 Student teachers in technical schools .. 8 4 7 3 Junior' assistant teachers in Native schools .. 5 104 5 111 ' I ! — j -i- - ;

Education District. Enrolment. Departments Adult Teachers. Auckland .. .. .. 63,005 764 2,015 Taianaki .. .. .» 11,288 179 395 Wanganui .. .. .. 14,903 220 509 Hawke'sBay .. ... ... 14,694 196 . 478 Wellington .. ... .... 26,371 248 792 Nelson .. .. ... ..... .6,299 138 ......... 251 Canterbury .. .. .. 33,589 380 1,109 Otago - .. 18,560 . 244 - - 674 Southland .. .. .. 11,036 179 387 Totals .. .. 199,745 2,548 6,610

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io. SIZE OF CLASSES. The following table shows the average number of children per adult teacher in public primary schools. *

Table K1. —Average Number of Children per Adult Class-teacher in Public Primary Schools.

N.B. —The average attendance shown for each grade of school in the above table does not correspond with that shown in Table C 1, owing to the fact that m Table C 1 part-time and side schools are taken separately, thus altering the grades of various schools for the purpose of that table.

Table K2.—Size of Classes in Public Primary Schools of Grade IV and over.

Table K3.— Change in Average Number of Pupils per Adult Teacher in Public Primary Schools.

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Total Average Number of ChildNupaber of Adult Teachers. Attendance ren P er Classfor year teacher. Grade of School. 1 J — ended 31st — — Head August, 1934 ass (P o r sr I933 - 1934 - 0 (1-8) .. •• 201 .. 201 1,337 6 7 1 (9-20) .. •• 745 .. 745 10,638 15 14 II (21-35) .. .. 558 .. 558 12,558 24 23 IIIA 36-50) .. .. 581 .. 581 12,099 21 21 IIIb (51-80) .. .. 562 ., 562 15,204 28 27 111c (81-120) .. .. 395 .. 395 11,213 31 28 IV (121-240) .. .. 686 .. 686 20,858 34 30 Y (241-360) .. .. 691 .. 691 23,344 38 34 VI (361-480) .. .. 749 63 686 25,059 44 37 VII (481 and over).. .. 1,274 82 1,192 45,112 42 38 All schools.. .. 6,442 145 6,297 177,422 30 28

February, 1929. February, 1934. February, 1935. Number of Children. Number of p r Cent . Number of Per Cent . of PerCent. Classes. Classes. Classes. Under 31 .. .. 233 8 729 23-4 616 20'6 31_40 .. 860 28 978 31-5 1,011 33*8 41-50 1,138 37 1,017 32-7 1,007 33-7 51-60 .. .. •• 788 25 376 12-1 349 11*6 61 and over .. .. 66 2 10 0*3 9 0 3 ; —— —— ' Totals .. .. 3,085 100 3,110 100 2,992 100

Average Attendance Number of Number of Pupils per Year. : for Year ending Adult Teachers. Adult Teacher. 31st August. I - - _j 1931 .. .. ..I 195,168 6,191 31-5 1932 .. .. •• 194,930 6,292 30-9 1933 .. .. 183,148 6,072 30-2 1934 .. .. .. •• 177,422 6,442 27-5 ■■ . I j. ' . ' ■ ■ r ' '■ M r :;■ 1 '

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XI. CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS. The following tables give the status in regard to certificates of teachers in primary schools, intermediate schools and departments, secondary departments of district high schools and Native schools, and the classification of teachers in secondary, technical, and combined schools : —

Table L1.—Status in regard to Certificates of Teachers in Primary Schools and Forms I and II of Intermediate Schools and Departments as in December.

For the past three years no probationary assistants have been trained in the schools. Thus there are very few uncertificated teachers. In some cases it is difficult to obtain certificated teachers for Grade 0 schools, and it is mainly in this grade of school where the uncertificated teachers are employed.

Table L2.—Certificates held by Teachers in Primary Schools and Intermediate Schools and Departments as in December.

Table L3. —Certificates held by Teachers in the Secondary Departments of District High Schools.

The slight difference between the totals here and in Table H 3 is due to the fact that some teachers in these schools are classified as secondary- or technicalschool teachers and are not the holders of teachers' certificates.

14

1932. 1933. J 1934. j Number. Number. P f r " Number, j P ? r " centage. centage. centage. I. Certificated teachers .. .. 6,316 99 6,153 99'2 6,559 99'73 II. Uncertificated teachers— (1) Holding licenses.. .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 O02 (2) Unlicensed .. .. 67 1 48 0-8 17 0-25 Total uncertificated .. 68 1 49 0'8 18 0'27 Totals of I and II .. .. 6,384 100 6,202 100 6,577 100

1933. 1934. Class of Certificate. ——•••- 1 - — ; M. F. | Total. M. F. Total. I j A ...... 47 8 55 56 11 67 B .. .. .. 813 463 1,276 922 531 1,453 C .. .. .. 1,318 2,561 3,879 1,372 2,767 4,139 D .. .. 230 690 920 228 657 885 E ...... 5 18 23 4 14 18 Totals .. .. 2,413 3,740 6,153 2,582 3,980 6,562

1933. 1934. Class of Certificate. j ; * M. ; P. Total. M. F. Total. I 1 A .. .. .. 14 9 I 23 16 9 25 B .. .. .. 94 73 167 98 77 175 C .. .. .. 12 8 20 9 8 17 D ........ 11 3 1 4 E I ' „ Totals .. .. 120 91 211 126 95 221 ! I .

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Table L4. —Certificates held by Teachers in Native Primary Schools. (Junior Assistant Teachers are excluded.)

Table L5. —Grading of Full-time Assistant Teachers in Secondary and Combined Schools as in December and prior to the Issue of the Annual Grading List.

N.B. —Full-time assistant teachers in combined schools are placed on the Grading List of Secondaryschool Teachers and also on the Classification List of Technical-school Teachers. Hence the sum of the totals in Tables L 5 and L 6 exceeds the total number of full-time assistants engaged in secondary, technical, and combined schools.

Table L6.—Classification of Full-time Assistant Teachers in Technical High and Day Schools and in Combined Schools as in December, 1934, and prior to the Issue of the Annual Classification List.

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1933. 1934. Class of Certificate. 1 r M. F. Total. M. F. Total. A B . .... 17 4 21 19 6 25 C .. .. .. 51 46 97 58 46 104 D .. .. .. 22 25 47 21 26 47 E .. .. .... 1 1 .. 1 1 Total certificated teachers .. 90 76 166 . 98 79 177 Uncertificated teachers .. 19 38 57 16 31 47 Grand totals .. 109 114 223 114 110 224

1933. 1934. Grade of Teacher. M. F. Total. M. P. Total. A .. .. .. 88 57 145 86 60 146 B 89 54 143 99 59 158 C . . 101 79 180 96 84 180 D .. .. .. 32 59 9] 40 49 89 Totals .. .. 310 249 559 321 252 573

Class ! VII. VI. V. IV. III. II. Totals. p M F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. : M. F. M. F. M. F. Division I .. .. 0 11 33 10 36 15 60 15 39 29 28 18 17 19 213 117 Division II .. .. 0 6 5 22 23 12 22 10 14 6 4 7 2 2 70 65 Totals .. 0 17 38 32 59 27 82 25 53 35 32 25 19 21 283 182 Grand totals .. 17 70 86 107 88 57 40 465 Note. —(1) To be classified in Division I a teacher must be the holder of a University degree or equivalent qualification. (2) Full-time assistant teachers in combined schools are placed on the Grading List of Secondaryschool Teachers and also on the Classification List of Technical-school Teachers. Hence the sum of the totals in Tables L 5 and L 6 exceeds the total number of full-time assistants engaged in secondary, technical, and combined schools.

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Table L7. —Classification of Full-time Teachers of Manual-training Classes as in December, 1934, and prior to the Issue of the Annual Classification List.

12. SALARIES OF TEACHERS. The average salaries (including house allowances, value of residences, and all other allowances) of adult teachers in primary schools in 1914 and for the last five years are shown in the following table : — Under the provisions of the Finance Act, 1931, the salaries of all teachers, in common with those of all public servants, were reduced by 10 per cent, as from the Ist April, .1931. Salaries were further reduced under the provisions of the National Expenditure Adjustment Act, 1932, as from the Ist April, 1932. The reductions made were 5 per cent, on salaries not exceeding £225 per annum, 10 per cent, between that figure and not exceeding £720, and 12j per cent, on those exceeding that figure. The salaries of all teachers were increased by 5 per cent, as from Ist April, 1934. The reductions noted in average salaries therefore in the years 1931 and 1932 are as a result of the operation of the afore-mentioned provisions. Table M 1. —Average Salaries of Primary-school Teachers (exclusive op Teachers in Intermediate Schools and Departments and Secondary Departments of District High Schools) as in December. 1914. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. (1) Teachers in all schools — ££££££ (a) Men and women .. .. 163 ' 281 255 228 231 229 (b) Men .. .. .. 224 351 320 283 283 283 (c) Women .. . . .. 128 242 218 195 198 194 (2) Teachers in schools with average attendance over eight— (а) Men and women .. . . . . 288 261 232 235 233 (б) Men .. .. .. ... ..354 323 286 286 288 (c) Women .. .. .. .. 249 224 200 202 198 (3) Teachers in schools with average attendance over twenty— (a) Men and women .. . . . . 291 265 236 239 235 (b) Men .. .. .. .. ..370 338 301 302 301 (c) Women .. .. .. ..248 223 199 201 196 (4) Head teachers — (a) Men .. .. .. .. ..441 400 357 356 372 (b) Women .. .. .. .. 381 345 309 313 323 (5) All sole teachers — (a) Men .. .. .. .. .. 282 251 222 224 233 (b) Women .. .. ..243 220 199 197 212 (6) Assistantsfa) Men . . .. .. . . . . 304 283 249 250 231 (bj Women . . . . . . .. 233 210 188 191 183

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Class .. .. .. VII. ; VI. i V. IV. III. II. , 1 (th ® Totals. i lowest). , L__ . j _ M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Division I .. .. .. 2 0 7 2 4 5 3 5 0 9 1 21 17 42 Division II .. .. 1 0 8 5 21 7 17 8 17 4 5 2 4 0 73 26 Totals .. 1 0 10 5 28 9 21 13 20 9 5 11 5 21 90 68 V v J *■ y ' K y ' y y ' K y Y ' V Y ' K Y ' Grand totals 1 15 37 34 29 16 26 158 Note. —(1) To be classified in Division I a teacher must be the holder of a University degree or equivalent qualification. (2) In 1934 four of the men and five of the women were attached to certain intermediate schools or departments under the control of the Auckland Education Board. These are included also among the staffs of those intermediate schools or departments.

3 —E, 1

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Table M 2.—Average Salaries (inclusive of all Allowances and Value of Residence for Principals where provided) of Full-time Teachers in Intermediate and Post-primary Schools and of Manual Instructors as at 1st December.

Manual Instructors.— Average Rate of Salary of Manual Instructors as on 1st December.

17

1931. 1934. Principals. Assistants. j All Teachers. Principals. Assistants. All Teachers. _ . | j j j : Men. Women. j Men. Women. Men. Women. Men. Women. Men. -Women. ; Men. Women. ll'l I £!£;£:£ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ Intermediate schools and departments .. . . .. .. : : 340 258 306 340 258 306 531 .. 531 291 243 268 316 243 286 Secondary departments of district high schools . . .. .. .. 317 269 297 317 269 297 .. .. .. 306 244 279 306 244 279 Secondary schools .. .. .. 672 524 621 375 268 327 397 280 346 687 498 627 360 299 333 384 308 335 Combined .. .. .. .. 642 495 j 569 384 254 j 325 404 276 345 686 479 597 366 260 324 388 277 344 fechnical high and day schools .. .. 611 .. 611 372 237 320 393 237 336 633 .. 633 360 235 311 383 235 328 I'll I

: 1931. 1934. £ £ Men .. .. .. .. .. 327 321 Women .. .. .. .. .. 209 216 Men and women .. .. .. .. 277 276

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Table M 3. —Average Salaries (including House Allowances, Value of Residences, and all other Allowances) oe Adult Teachers in Native Schools as at 31st December. 1933. 1934. 1. Teachers in all schools — £ £ (а) Men and women .. .. .. .. .. 221 229 (б) Men 249 263 (c) Women .. .. .. .. .. .. 191 193 2. Head teachers — (a) Men .. .. .. .. .. .. 226 277 (b) Women .. .. .. .. .. .. 233 268 3. Sole teachers — (а) Men .. .. .. .. • • • ■ 190 189 (б) Women .. .. .. .. .. .. 195 201 4. Assistants — (a) Men .. .. .. .. .. .. 141 161* (b) Women .. .. .. .. . . . . 171 180 * The increase here is on account of payment of lodging-allowance to two teachers. No teacher received lodgingallowance in 1933. 13. PUPILS LEAVING PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS. In 1934 22,665 pupils (11,834 boys and 10,831 girls) left public primary schools. Of these, 17,980 (79 per cent.) had passed Form 11. In the last five years the numbers leaving have been as follow :—

14. PUPILS COMMENCING POST - PRIMARY COURSE IN STATE SCHOOLS. In 1934 12,686 pupils (6,735 boys and 5,951 girls) commenced post-primary education in State post-primary schools. In the last five years the numbers commencing post-primary education in these schools have been as follow : —

18

■ I I I Total Number Number who i Percentage who ar " I leaving. passed Form II. j passed Form II. 1930 .. .. •• ... 21,715 17,264 80 1931 .. .. •• 20,268 15,709 78 1932 .. .. • • •• 21,466 • 16,930 79 1933 .. .. •• 21,935 17,434 79 1934 .. .. •• •• 22,665 17,980 79

Total Number Number of these Percentage coming Year. commencing coming from Public from Public Post-primary Course. Primary Schools. Primary Schools. 1930 .. .. .. .. 13,012 12,506 96 1931 .. .. .. 12,585 12,055 96 1932 .. .. 11,579 11,019 95 1933 .. .. •• •• 12,214 11,637 95 1934 .. •• •• 12,686 12,143 96

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No return is made giving the number of pupils commencing a post-primary course who in the previous year gained a proficiency certificate as pupils in a public school. It will be observed, however, that the great majority of pupils who enter post-primary schools do so from public schools. To arrive at some approximate estimate as to the extent to which the gaining of a proficiency certificate influences the question as to whether a post-primary course is to be followed or not, the following figures have been grouped as a basis for comparison. It will be observed that the number of pupils who commence a post-primary course expressed as a percentage of the pupils who pass for a proficiency certificate in a previous year is variable, the factors contributing to this variation no doubt being the availability of suitable avenues of employment for boys, especially on completion of their primary-school course.

The ages at which pupils commenced their post-primary course are given in the following table : —

Table N. —Ages at which Pupils commence Post-primary Course.

In 1933 27 per cent, and in 1934 24 per cent, of those commencing a postprimary course did so under the age of thirteen years.

19

Year of commencing post-primary course .. 1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. Number of proficiency passes in previous 17,465 17,372 14,128 16,549 16,633 year in public primary schools and intermediate schools and departments Number of pupils who commenced a post- 12,506 12,055 11,019 11,637 12,143 primary course in State schools and who came from public primary schools or intermediate schoois and departments Percentage .. .. .. ■ • 72 69 78 70 73

Age at which Post-primary Course commenced. Total Numbers commencing Under 12 12 Yea rs. 13 Years. 14 Years. 15 Years Years. and over. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. Secondary .. 48 63 576 739 1,267 1,146 596 482 216 832,703 2,513 Combined .. 5 13 67 85 162 156 120 55 58 13 412 322 Technical.. .. 28 21 395 414 1,035 918 720 472 254 1222,432 1,947 District high .. 26 28 260 319 532 550 274 211 96 611,188 1,169 Totals—1934 .. 107 125 1,298 1,557 2,996 2,770 1,710 1,220 624 2796,735 5,951 1933 .. 118 130 1,474 1,537 2,610 2,371 1,722 1,161 629 3006,553 5,499 Diflerence .. -11 -5 -176 +20 +386 +399 -12 +59 -5 -21 +182 +452

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15. DESTINATION OF PUPILS LEAVING SCHOOL. A summary of the destination returns obtained from tlie schools, through the various Boards, is given in the following tables : —

Table O 1.— Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools during or at End of Year 1934.

Table O 2.—Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary Schools in 1931-34 who proceeded to the various Destinations and Occupations.

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15. DESTINATION OF PUPILS LEAVING SCHOOL. A summary of the destination returns obtained from tlie schools, through the various Boards, is given in the following tables : — Table 0 1— Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools during or at End of Year 1934. Totals. Had passed Had not passed Form II. Form II. Boys. ! Girls. Destination. Boys. | Girls. Boys. Girls. Number, j J Number. : Post-primary .. .. .. 6,254 5,877 155 84 6,409 54 5,961 55 Commercial occupations — (а) Clerical (including typing) .. 24 26 4 4 28 * 30 (б) Shop and warehouse assistants 265 125 125 81 390 3 206 2 Trades — (a) Engineering .. . • 65 1 31 1 96 1 2 (b) Building .. • ■ 29 1 23 2 52 1 3 (c) Other .. .. ..161 49 78 35 239 2 84 1 Agricultural and pastoral .. 1,483 105 1,255 81 2,738 23 186 2 Other occupations .. . . 318 229 373 207 691 6 436 4 Home .. •• 499 2,338 473 1,465 972 8 3,803 35 Not known 86 45 133 75 219 2 120 1 Totals, 1934 .. .. 9,184 8,796 2,650 2,035 11,834 100 10,831 100 Totals, 1933 .. .. 8,886 8,548 2,451 2,050 11,337 .. 10,598 .. Difference .. .. +298 4~248 +199 —15 +497 .. +233 * Insignificant percentage. Table 0 2.—Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary Schools in 1931-34 who proceeded to the various Destinations and Occupations. Boys. Girls. Destination. — * ; ; 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. 1931. 1932. i 1933. 1934. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Post-primary .. 53 53 54 54 51 51 54 55 Commercial occupations — (a) Clerical (including ******** typing) (b) Shop and warehouse 2 3 331122 assistants Trades —• (а) Engineering .. 1 1 1 1 (б) Building 1 * * 1 • • • ■ * * (c) Other .. ..1 1 2 2 j * 1 1 1 Agricultural and pastoral 24 24 24 23 2 2 2 2 Other occupations ..5 6 5 6 4 4 4 4 Home .. 10 10 10 8 39 39 36 35 Not known .. ..3 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 Totals .. .. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 * Insignificant percentage.

15. DESTINATION OF PUPILS LEAVING SCHOOL. A summary of the destination returns obtained from tlie schools, through the various Boards, is given in the following tables : — Table 0 1— Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools during or at End of Year 1934. Totals. Had passed Had not passed Form II. Form II. Boys. ! Girls. Destination. Boys. | Girls. Boys. Girls. Number, j J Number. : Post-primary .. .. .. 6,254 5,877 155 84 6,409 54 5,961 55 Commercial occupations — (а) Clerical (including typing) .. 24 26 4 4 28 * 30 (б) Shop and warehouse assistants 265 125 125 81 390 3 206 2 Trades — (a) Engineering .. . • 65 1 31 1 96 1 2 (b) Building .. • ■ 29 1 23 2 52 1 3 (c) Other .. .. ..161 49 78 35 239 2 84 1 Agricultural and pastoral .. 1,483 105 1,255 81 2,738 23 186 2 Other occupations .. . . 318 229 373 207 691 6 436 4 Home .. •• 499 2,338 473 1,465 972 8 3,803 35 Not known 86 45 133 75 219 2 120 1 Totals, 1934 .. .. 9,184 8,796 2,650 2,035 11,834 100 10,831 100 Totals, 1933 .. .. 8,886 8,548 2,451 2,050 11,337 .. 10,598 .. Difference .. .. +298 4~248 +199 —15 +497 .. +233 * Insignificant percentage. Table 0 2.—Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary Schools in 1931-34 who proceeded to the various Destinations and Occupations. Boys. Girls. Destination. — * ; ; 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. 1931. 1932. i 1933. 1934. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Post-primary .. 53 53 54 54 51 51 54 55 Commercial occupations — (a) Clerical (including ******** typing) (b) Shop and warehouse 2 3 331122 assistants Trades —• (а) Engineering .. 1 1 1 1 (б) Building 1 * * 1 • • • ■ * * (c) Other .. ..1 1 2 2 j * 1 1 1 Agricultural and pastoral 24 24 24 23 2 2 2 2 Other occupations ..5 6 5 6 4 4 4 4 Home .. 10 10 10 8 39 39 36 35 Not known .. ..3 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 Totals .. .. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 * Insignificant percentage.

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Table O 3. —Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments during or at End of 1934.

Table O 4. —Percentages of Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments in 1931-1934 who proceeded to various Destination and Occupations.

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Boys. Girls. Occupation. First Second Third m , , t, . First Second Third m ± i t> a Year. Year. Year. TotaL Year Yeaf Year _ Total. . Percentage. Continued full-time 125 757 52 934 70 135 581 37 753 67 education Commercial (clerical, 10 57 17 84 6 2 28 -13 43 4 typing, shop, and warehouse) Trades .. 8 51 17 76 6 1 18 9 28 3 Agricultural and pas- 16 56 10 82 6 toral Home .. 17 39 11 67 5 49 174 31 254 23 Miscellaneous .. 6 28 6 40 3 .. 19 4 23 2 Not known 17 22 8 47 4 7 8 1 16 1 Totals, 1934 .. 199 1,010 121 1,330 100 194 828 95 1,117 100 Totals, 1933 .. 94 865 129 1,088 .. 93 725 124 942 I Difference .. +105 +145 ! -8 +242 .. +101 +103 -29 +175 ] !

Boys. Girls. Occupation. ■ = 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. I Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Continued full-time education .. 64 68 70 70 61 60 65 67 Commercial (clerical, typing, shop, 6 5 5 6 3 3 3 4 and warehouse) Trades .. .. .. 5 7 4 6 2 2 2 3 Agricultural and pastoral .. 8 8 7 6 .. 1 Home .. .. ..10 7 8 5 30 30 25 23 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 6 4 5 3 3 3 2 2 Not known .. .. .. 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 Totals .. .. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

E. —1.

Table O 5.—Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Post-primary Schools during or at the End of the Year 1934.

22

„ j ot.1 n V j ci i. i Technical High and Secondary Departments of „ Secondary Schools. Combined Schools. Day Schools. District High Schools. Totals. Occupation. Boys. ! Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls, , _ . 5 h ~ j ■ ■ ■" '. I : — *— • j 7 Num- Per ! Num- Per Num- Per Nam- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Nam- Per Num- Per Num- : Per ber. Cent, j ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. : Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. University college .. .. 136 5 79 3 19 4 5 2 17 1 10 1 10 1 6 1 182 3 : 100 2 Teaching or training college ..22 1 60 3 7 211 4 8* 10 1 8 115 2 45 196 2 Clerical — Government or local body .. 167 6 21 1 19 4 2 1 58 3 14 1 54 5 .. 298 5 : 37 1 Banks, insurance .. ..69 3 12 1 11 3 .. 5 * 11 1 3 * 1 * 88 1 24 * Legal .. 49 2 13 1 9 2 1 * 3 * 6 * 12 1 5 1 73 1 25 * Commercial .. ..426 17 330 13 71 17 41 14 166 7 321 18 52 5 61 7 715 11 : 753 14 Engineering, surveying, and 52 2 . . . . 14 3 .. . . 204 9 . . . . 16 1 . . .. 286 5 ārclii1j6ctnr6 Various trades and industries .. 360 14 99 4 j 53 12 5 2 694 30 214 12 172 16 26 3 1,279 20 344 7 Shop and warehouse .. 478 19 283 12 , 59 14 39 13 371 16 201 11 193 18 96 11 1,101 17 619 12 Farming .. .. ..378 15 104 24 .. 399 17 7 * 361 33 1 * 1,242 20 8 * Home .. .. .. 71 3 928 40! 6 1 89 30 35 2 613 35 67 6 554 64 179 3 2,184 42 Other occupations .. .. 45 2 304 14 15 4 37 12 120 5 135 8 42 4 50 6 222 3 526 10 Not known .. 296 11 176 8 , 42 10 65 22 217 10 209 12 95 9 45 5 650 10 j 495 10 Totals, 1934 .. 2,549 100 2,305 100 429 100 295 100 2,297 100 1,751 100 1,085 100 860 100 6,360 100 5,211 100 Totals, 1933 .. 2,368 .. 2,133 ! 370 .. .. 2,282 .. 1,637 .. 1,087 .. 909 .. 6,107 .. ;4,957 Diflerence .. .. +181 .. +172 .. j +59 . . +17 .. +15 j .. +114 .. -2 .. -49 .. +253 . . 1+254 * Insignificant percentage.

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Table O 6. —Percentages of Boys leaving Post-primary Schools in 1931-34 who proceeded to the University or to Employment in the Three Main Occupational Groups.

Dealing first with pupils leaving primary schools, it will be observed that there has been no great change in the percentages of children proceeding to the various destinations and occupations. In the case of intermediate schools and departments, one of the changes is the continued decrease in the number of pupils remaining at home on completion of their school course. This decrease is partly accounted for in the case of the boys by an increase in the number entering commercial occupations and trades. In the case of the girls this is also true, but a greater number are also going on to further post-primary education than formerly. For comparative purposes only, the percentages of boys leaving the different classes of post-primary schools for the main occupational groups and for University education in the last four years are set down in Table 06. Taking all the schools together, the table shows that the increase in the number of boys entering the group of occupations " clerical, professional, shop, and warehouses " continues, and, in a less marked degree, in " trades and industries." These increases have been gained at the expense of the number proceeding to " farming " pursuits, but not to such a large extent as in 1932 and 1933. 16. VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND PLACEMENT. In Table P an attempt has been made to account for all children leaving all types of public schools. It is pleasing to note that a greater number of children continue to be absorbed either in some school or institution providing education of a higher grade than the one they have left or have engaged in some definite occupation. One inference that can be drawn from this statement is that the position regarding juvenile employment must be improving. To some extent this improvement may be attributed to the efforts of the school staffs in finding suitable avenues of employment for the pupils leaving school. Especially is this so in the case of the technical schools in the four main centres, where a member of the staff has been assigned the duties of school vocational officer. It is hoped that the evident improvement in professions and trade and industry generally will continue, when the services of these officers will be available more as advisers than as searchers for positions for their pupils leaving schools.

Table P.—Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary, Intermediate, and Post-primary Schools in 1931-34 who are known to have proceeded to Further Full-time Education of a Higher Grade or to some Definite Occupation (Home excluded).

23

University. 8ho™and WarXuse. Farming. Trades and Industries. Class of School. 1931.|l932.|l933. 1934. 1931.1932.1 1933. 1934. 1931.1932. 1933. |l934. 1931.|l932. 1933.|l934. Secondary .. .. .. 9 8 6 5 28 32 41 49 28 23 18 15 11 13 14 14 Combined .. .. .. .. 5 5 4 35 33 33 43 33 29 24 24 14 10 16 ! 12 Technical .. . . .. 1 1 1 ] 22 22 31 35 27 22 19 17 15 23 26 30 District high .. .. .. 2 1 2 1 16 18 24 30 46 46 39 33 11 9 15 I 16 All schools .. .. .. 4 4 3 3 24 26 34 40 31 27 22 20 13 16 19 20 ■

Boys. Girls. Class of School. ; . — 1 1931. 1932. ! 1933. | 1934. 1931. 1932. 1933. ! 1934. I ___ I i Primary .. 87 88 89 90 58 59 63 64 Intermediate .. .. 89 92 91 91 69 69 72 76 Secondary .. 78 79 81 87 29 34 43 52 Combined .. 89 82 82 89 22 32 38 48 Technical .. .. 67 73 82 88 28 36 44 53 Secondary departments of 76 80 84 85 21 21 26 31 district high schools All post-primary schools.. 74 77 81 87 27 32 40 48

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17. LENGTH OF POST-PRIMARY COURSE. The returns compiled in 1934 by teachers show also the duration of the postprimary course taken by pupils who have now left school. Summarized, the position is as follows : —

Table Q1.

No returns have been obtained from post-primary schools giving the actual length of school life of each individual pupil, but from the information summarized in the above table it is possible to give an approximation of the average length of the school life of those pupils who left school in 1934. For this purpose a pupil leaving in his first year is taken to have a school life of one year and so on till those leaving in a fourth year or later are taken as four years only. Some pupils stay for five or six years, but this fact is compensated for when it is considered that many pupils leaving in their first and second year cannot be said to have a school life of one and two years respectively. The following figures are given, therefore, with the reservation that they are not compiled from exact information, but they are nevertheless not far from being correct: — Average Length of School Life. Y. M. Secondary schools . . .. . . .. .. 210 Combined schools .. . . . . . . . . ..29 Technical high and day schools .. .. .. ..23 Secondary departments ol district high schools . . .. ..23 All post-primary schools .. .. .. .. ..26 In the case of pupils who enter upon post-primary courses and leave during the same year, information has been obtained showing in months the duration of the school life of such pupils. The information received is tabulated in the table below. It will be noted that the totals are slightly below those shown as leaving in the first year in Table Q 1 preceding. This difference is due to the fact that Table Q 2 concerns those pupils who commenced and finished their courses in the same year, while Table Q 1 includes in " leaving in first year " pupils who, though in the first year of their course when they left, actually commenced that course in a previous calendar year or at a private secondary school.

24

! I ! Secondary | Combined antXhS ! Dis * ri , ct All Schools. Schools. Schools. i) ay Schools. Sohools - Number. i Cent, j Number - Cent. Number - I Cent. | Number - Cent. | Number - j Jent. Leaving in first year .. 639 13 131 18 1,198 29 627 32 2,595 22 Leaving in second year 1,295 27 162 22 1,383 34 572 29 3,412 30 Leaving in third year .. 1,042 21 202 28 794 20 324 17 2.362 20 Leaving in fourth year 1,878 39 229 32 673 17 422 22 3,202 28 and later Totals, 1934 .. 4,854 100 724 100 4,048 100 1,945 100 11,571 100 Totals, 1933 .. 4,501 .. 648 .. 3,919 .. 1,996 11,064 Difference .. +353 .. +76 .. +129 .. —51 .. +507

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Table Q2.—Number of Children who commenced Post-primary Courses in 1934 and who definitely left in the same Year.

18. FREE PLACES IN POST - PRIMARY SCHOOLS. The following table gives the number of free-place holders in post-primary schools in 1933 and 1934 :—

Table R.—Free-place Holders as at 1st July.

On the Ist July, 1934, 31,231 children were in attendance at public schools providing secondary education, and of these 30,804 held free places and 427 were paying pupils. Ninety-nine per cent, of the children were thus receiving free secondary education. • In 1933 445 out of the 30,866 children in attendance were paying pupils. Ihe percentage of children receiving free education in 1934 was 1 per cent, more than that of the previous year. 19. SPECIAL CLASSES FOR BACKWARD CHILDREN. The classes for backward children continue to provide in a very satisfactory manner specialized instruction which the children concerned would not otherwise receive but for the special-class system. One new class was commenced during the year, situated in the Wellington Education District. The total roll number of those classes does not vary greatly from year to year. The number of pupils in attendance is less than 1 per cent, of the total primaryschool roll. 4—E. 1,

25

During During During During During! During During During During During During First Second Third Fourth Fifth i Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Tvne of School Month Month Month Month Month I Month Month Month Month Month Month lotai. of of of of of | of of of of of of jCourse. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. B G B G. B. G. B. G. B. G.l B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. Secondary schools .. .. 3 211 410 13 23 910 J 17 17 26 W 24 28 17 J!2 16 MO 179 316 313 Percentage ..1 24535 8 6 7 8 51 100 Combined schools J! ..J J J J Percentage . 2 2 2 3 4 6 10 7 6 24 34 100 Technical schools .. ..9 1011 J35 1323 23 35 2428 21 64 52 32 JS8 64 34 69 37 293 239 499 Percentage ..2 2 4 4 5 4 10 6 8 | 9 46 100 Secondary departments of district 14 611 811 1218 919 1121 12 36 17 27 2434 20|jJ3 32119 136 333 287 high schools * —v ——v — M —v — M —v — M v J v ' v v ' 1 v ' K -f~~'f ' —v- TXa - Percentage .. .. ..33 4 4 5 5 9 8 9 9 100 Totals .. .. 27 2035 20 58 38 65 44 66 4470 54136 99 79 90131 74136 104 576 5751,379 1,162 Percentage .. .. ~2 ' 2 4 4 4 5 9 7 8 10 45 100

Technical Secondary Corre- All Post Secondary Combined High and Departments spondeil ce primary Schools. Schools. Day of District School Schools Schools. High Schools. ocnooi. scnoois. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys Girls. Junior free places .. .. 14,9254,625 759 595 3,877 3,1091,8701,759 159 232 11,590 10,320 Senior free places " !. .. 473 291 983 814 767 533 28 24 5,135 3,759 Totals .. •• •• 7,8096,7221,232 886 4,860 3,923 2,637 2,292 187 256 16,72514,079 Grand totals, 1934 .. .. ~2?118 8J83 ~M3 30^804 Grand totals, 1933 .. .. 14,263 2,060 8,594 4,947 381 3°,-45 Difference +268 +58 +189 -18 +62 +559

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20. INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS. Two intermediate schools were opened early in the year, one at Shirley under the Canterbury Education Board, and one at North Dunedin under the Otago Education Board. The total number of schools and departments is now sixteen, seven being situated in Auckland, one in Wanganui, one in Hawke's Bay, two in Wellington, two in Canterbury, and three in Otago Education District. At the end of the year there were 4,369 pupils on the rolls of intermediate schools and departments, as against 3,806 at the end of 1933. The average attendance was 4,164. No new developments are to be recorded this year, the schools and departments working smoothly under the regulations made some two years ago. Some slight variation was permitted, however, in the length of the course in the case of the separate intermediate schools. In order to meet the needs of those pupils who did not desire to proceed to a post-primary school, and who were waiting for suitable avenues of employment, approval was given to their retention on the roll for a third year. This concession enabled pupils who would otherwise be unemployed to be profitably engaged. 2i. POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION. The total number of schools providing post-primary education was one more than the number in the previous year. A district high school was established at Kawakawa, in the Auckland Education District, and a private school received recognition as a registered private technical school during the year. A private technical school registered last year, although included as a " post-primary school" at that time, has since been regarded as not coming within that definition for the purposes of this statement. Furthermore, Form 111 pupils of an intermediate school have similarly been excluded this year. The total number of schools at the end of the year was, therefore, 202, as compared with 201 in 1933. In addition to the above a secondary department is attached to the Department's Correspondence School. The total roll numbers of full-time pupils attending post-primary schools at Ist July were as follow: — 19 33. 1934 i Secondary .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,468 14,718 Combined .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,093 2,144 Technical .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,706 8,911 Secondary departments of district high schools .. .. 5,030 5,011 Endowed schools and registered private secondary schools .. 4,224 4,339 Totals .. .. .. .. 34,521 35,123 There were also 447 pupils on the roll of the secondary department of the Department's Correspondence School at Ist July. 22. EVENING TECHNICAL CLASSES AND PART-TIME DAY CLASSES. During 1934 evening technical and part-time day classes were conducted at thirty-nine centres, compared with thirty-seven centres in 1933. As at Ist July these classes provided instruction for 9,597 students, as against 9,078 students in 1933. Of the 9,597 students, 6,115 were males and 3,482 females; 3,555 of the males and 2,061 of the females held free places, a total of 5,616, compared with 5,104 in 1933. It would appear that the fall in the number of pupils at the above classes has now been arrested. In 1930 there were 11,829 pupils attending evening or part-time day classes, and this number fell to 9,078 last year. Increases this year are recorded amongst the pupils who are engaged in " clerical pursuits " and in " various trades and industries."

26

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23. NATIVE SCHOOLS. At the end of 1934 the Department directly controlled and maintained 138 Native schools for the primary education of Maori children in districts where the Maori Race predominates. The following table shows the number of schools, with the enrolment, as at the Ist July, 1933, and Ist July, 1934

European children to the number of 964 were in attendance at Native schools at Ist July, 1934, and are included in the above figures. If these be deducted, the total enrolment of Native children in all primary schools at Ist July becomes 15,943, compared with 15,585 in 1933. The average attendance at Native schools was maintained at a creditably high percentage, 904 per cent, of the average weekly roll. Boarding schools for the secondary education of the Maoris have been established by religious denominations, and the Government provides a number of scholarships tenable at these schools, which are inspected by the Department's officers. There were ten schools at the end of last year with an enrolment of 333 Maori pupils, of whom 121 held Government scholarships. The Maori child who has obtained a proficiency certificate is also entitled to the usual facilities for secondary education provided at a post-primary school. In addition, one Maori boy held a scholarship at Victoria University College, taking a course in arts, and three Maoris held Agricultural Scholarships, one being tenable at St. Stephen's College and two at Wesley College. 24. REGISTERED PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS. The following table summarizes the returns furnished by registered private primary schools with respect to the year 1934

Table S.

The number of schools at the end of the previous year was 309, and the total enrolment 26,428. There has been a decrease of 2 in the number of registered private primary schools when compared with the number at the end of 1933.

27

1933. 1934. " J j Schools. Roll. Schools. Roll. Native village schools .. .. .. 137 7,374 138 7,504 Mission schools (primary) .. .. 11 527 11 549 Public schools with Native children enrolled 829 8,616 841 8,854 Totals .. .. .. .. 977 16,517 990 16,907

Undenomi- Catholic Other national Church Church Total. Schools. Schools. Schools. Number of schools .. .. .. 31 221 55 307 Roll at December— Boys .. .. .. 311 11,099 1,352 12,762 Girls .. .. .. •• 571 11,804 1,499 13,-874 Total .... .. .. 882 22,903 2,851 26,636 ! . ; Average attendance .. ... 719 20,173 ; 2,493 23,385 Teachers (inclusive of head teachers) — Men .. .. .. .. .. 8 40 50 98 Women .. .. .. .. 64 719 108 891 Total .. .. .. .. 72 759 158 989

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25. ENDOWED SCHOOLS AND REGISTERED PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS. The following table summarizes the returns furnished by endowed schools and registered private secondary schools with respect to the years 1933 and 1934 : —

Table T.

26. CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL. The Correspondence School continues to function successfully as an integral unit in the Department's system of rural education. It also serves the needs of a number of urban children who are unable to attend school owing to physical disability. The enrolment in December, 1934, numbered 1,764 pupils, of whom 1,348 were in the primary and 416 in the secondary division. In addition, assistance was given to the head teachers of 156 rural schools, who were regularly supplied with secondaryinstruction papers and model answers for use in teaching 203 pupils continuing in attendance at their schools. There is abundant evidence that this assistance was much appreciated by the teachers. The Correspondence School provides full courses of primary and secondary instruction from the primer stage to the Higher Leaving Certificate, and is inspected annually by the Inspectors of primary and secondary schools. The primary division was established in 1922, the secondary division in 1929. In 1934 the first pupil presented for the University Entrance Examination, who had been wholly educated by correspondence, was successful. This result was accomplished in the time normally taken in the ordinary schools. In 1934, of the 69 pupils who sat for the proficiency examination, 63 gained proficiency certificates and 2 gained competency certificates, thus 65 pupils qualified for post-primary junior free places, 26 qualified for senior free places, and 5 passed the University Entrance examination, including 4 four for School Certificate. The social education of the pupils was provided for by means of various school clubs and societies, including Boy Scouts, Girl Guides, Dominion and overseas pen-friendships, League of Nations Union, philately, photography, meccano, forestry and nature study, and museum. A vigorous Ex Pupils' Association has been formed. In addition, there are a circulating library and an annual school magazine, The Postman, which consists chiefly of the pupils' own contributions —literary, artistic, and photographic. 27. KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS. The number of schools, pupils on the roll, and average attendance at schools conducted in 1934 by recognized kindergarten associations were as follow:—

Table U.

28

— I 1933. 1934. Number of schools .. .. .. .. 55 55 Roll at 1st July .. .. .. .. 4,224 4,339 Average attendance .. .. .. .. 3,974 4,039 Teachers (inclusive of Principals) — Men .. .. .. .. . ■ 132 99 Women .. .. ... .. 161 172 Total .. .. .. 293 271

Association. Number of Schools. °* Sio'J at Average Attendance, End of 1934. 1934. Auckland .. .. .. 8 474 371 Hastings ........ 1 60 34 Hutt Valley ...... 1 50 47 Wellington .. .. .. 7 268 240 Christchurcli .. .. .. 7 529 398 Dunedin .. .. .. .. 5 270 232 Invercargill .. .. .. 4 176 147 Totals, 1934 .. .. 33 1,827 1,469 Totals, 1933 .. .. 32 1,859 j 1,512 Difference.. .. .. +1 —32 —43

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28. CONSOLIDATION OF SCHOOLS. No large-scale consolidations of schools have been recently carried out. This was partly on account of the necessity for avoiding capital expenditure on provision of new buildings at centres, and also because with a surplus of teachers available for employment, and in part depending upon rationed work, there was an objection to closing numbers of small schools and causing more teachers to be dependent on the rationed scheme. The consolidations that have been effected in the past, however, have continued in operation with satisfaction to the householders of the districts concerned. 29. CONVEYANCE AND BOARD OF SCHOOL-CHILDREN. A normal increase in the number of conveyance services for school-children took place during 1934, and, in addition, as from the commencement of the third term, it was found possible to reinstate the payment of boarding-allowance to primaryschool children where through non-existence of roads or other causes it is necessary for children to board away from home in order to attend a public school. Several extensions of conveyance services have been made to take the place of arrangements made by local residents or to provide for newly settled districts where sufficient accommodation is available at a central school. In renewing contracts for conveyance services special care has been taken to ensure that contractors provide suitable vehicles, with due consideration to both the safety and the comfort of the children. In addition, special attention has also been given, with the co-operation of the Transport Department and of the traffic officers of many of the County and Borough Councils, to the matter of ensuring the mechanical efficiency of vehicles engaged in conveying school-children. It has therefore not been thought necessary to bring vehicles used solely for the carriage of school-children within the scope of the-Transport Licensing Act, 1931, with respect to the requirements of certificates of fitness, and accordingly exemption was provided for in an Order in Council dated 3rd December, 1934.

Table V. —Cost of Conveyance of Pupils to Schools and to Manual Classes by Rail, Motor-vehicle, etc.

29

1933. 1934. Type of School. ' " ~ ' " Rail. Other. Total. Rail. Other. Total. ££££££ Public primary .. .. .. .. 1,613 59,417 61,030* 1,769 59,926 61,695 Private primary . . . • • • 1,868 . . 1,868 1,850 . . 1,850 Manual classes in connection with public 5,090 3,625 8,715 4,930 2,880 7,810 primary Manual classes in connection with private 112 .. 112 138 .. 138 primary Secondary departments of district high schools 1,207 687 1,894 1,183 715 1,898 Secondary .. . . . ■ • • 4,572 90 4,662 4,353 153f 4,506 Combined .. . • • • • • 513 .. 513 578 .. 578 Technical .. .. .. •• 5,833 .. 5,833 6,093 .. 6,093 Private secondary .. .. ■ ■ 892 .. 892 931 .. 931 Native .. .. •• 35 3,069 3,104 50 3,219 3,269 Totals .. .. •• 21,735 66,888 j 88,623 21,875 66,893 88,768 * This sum includes the expenditure on conveyance of children to consolidated schools and intermediate schools. f Cost of conveyance—intermediate departments of secondary schools. Board of children : Public schools, £711; Native schools, £826 : Total, £1,537.

E.-i

30. MANUAL INSTRUCTION. During the year the usual instruction was given by class teachers in primary schools in the subjects elementary science and agriculture under the supervision of twenty-two itinerant agricultural instructors. The extent to which classes in other manual subjects were taken by pupils from the different types of schools may be summarized as follows : —

The expenditure for salaries and incidentals on these classes other than those conducted by Technical School Boards during the year amounted to approximately £56,919. During the year orders were placed for handwork materials costing approximately £4.600. These materials will be supplied to primary schools for use in 1935. 31. PHYSICAL EDUCATION. Throughout the primary schools the new system of physical education becomes better known and more closely followed each year. Refresher classes, conducted in various districts by lecturers released from the staffs of the two training colleges, have provided teachers with a valuable means of gaining practical knowledge of the system. Where facilities exist, full opportunity has been taken to teach pupils to swim and to practice life-saving methods. 32. SCHOOL MUSIC. Again this year interest has been taken by pupils and teachers alike in the formation of choirs and in choral singing. In this regard it can safely be assumed that the vocal aspect of music is much in advance of the standard obtaining some years ago. It was possible for many teachers to hear experts from the training colleges lecture on this subject, and much good should follow as a result of the courses that were instituted in various districts during the year. 33. TRAINING OF TEACHERS. At the end of 1933 the two training colleges engaged in the training of teachers were closed. Thus there were no students in training during 1934. In the introduction to this report reference is made to the supply of teachers and to the training of teachers. 34. HIGHER (UNIVERSITY) EDUCATION. The number of students on the books of the four University colleges affiliated to, and the two agricultural colleges established in connection with, the University of New Zealand at the end of 1934 was 5,059, as against 5,085 at the end of 1933. The figures for each of the colleges were as under : — 1933. 1934. Auckland .. .. .. • • • • 1 > 307 1,225 Victoria .. •• •• •• •• 1,011 1,073 Canterbury •• •• •• 1,181 1,055 Otago .. 1,307 1,368 Massey .. • • • • • • • • • • 235 285 Lincoln . . .. . ■ • • ■ • • • 44 53 5,085 5,059

30

Number of Pupils from Forms I Secondary Subject. and II, Depart- . Intermediate ments of T . . , . „ „ , . Primary. gohooIs District Pnvate. All Schools. and High Departments. Schools. Woodwork .. .. .. ! 16,520 2,061 1,875 2,100 22,556 Metalwork .. .. •• • • i 107 870 84 .. 1,061 Cookery or laundry-work .. .. j 15,758 2,017 1,749 2,279 21,803

E.—l,

The total number of students described as taking definite courses at the four affiliated colleges was 4,471. These were distributed as follow:— Agriculture .. .. .. 26 Journalism .. .. .. .. 24 Architecture .. .. .. 45 Law .. .. .. .. 375 Arts .. .. .. .. 1,814 Massage .. .. .. ..21 Commerce .. .. .. .. 812 Medicine .. .. .. .. 388 Dentistry . . .. . . . . 138 Mining .. .. .. .. 41 Engineering .. .. .. 145 Music . . .. .. . . 56 Forestry .. .. .. . . 7 Science .. .. .. .. 496 Home-science .. .. .. 83 The following are some particulars relating to University education in the four affiliated colleges : —

Table Y.

35. ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS. Examinations conducted in 1934 comprised mainly the following:— (1) An August series for teachers' certificates and handicraft teachers' certificate. (2) A November-December series including the Training College Entrance, School Certificate, Intermediate, and Technological Examinations. The School Certificate Examination included in the November-December series was the first examination held under the School Certificate Examination Regulations. Examinations were held at forty-nine public centres in 1934. The number of candidates actually presenting themselves for the various examinations during the last three years is shown in Table Z 1 following : —

Table Z1. —Number of Candidates for Various Examinations.

31

1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. Number of students in actual attendance at 4,209 4,149 3,960 3 910 lectures Number of exempted students .. . . 660 763 846 811 Percentage of students — Men .. .. .. .. .. 71 72 73 74 Women .. .. .. .. 29 | 28 27 26 Percentage of students actually attending Universities receiving free education*— Men .. .. .. .. .. 41 40 26 ! 18 Women .. .. .. .. 59 56 40 j 29 All students .. .. .. .. 46 j 45 ,30 ! 21 Occupations of students expressed as percent- m. p. m. e. m. p. m. p. ages — (1) Full-time students .. .. 37 47 43 53 46 63 47 68 (2) Teachers and training colleges .. 19 41 16 35 13 23 9f 17| (3) Government and local bodies 14 2 13 1 13 2 15 4 (4) Otter .. .. .. 28 6 26 6 26 8 , 27 7 (5) Not known .. .. .. 2 4 2 5 2 4 I 2 4 ' ■■■ - - ; ■ U * These students hold scholarships, bursaries, or training-college studentships. f Teachers. There were no training-college studentships in 1934.

Examination. ! 1932. 1933. I ] 934. Intermediate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,422 1,308 1,026 Teachers' Class D .. . . . . . . ., , i 32 13 3 Teachers' Class C .. .. . . .. .. ,. J 262 122 96 Training College Entrance .. . . .. .. .. 483 314 308 School Certificate .. .. . . .. .. . . .. 4 197 London University Examinations .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 '3 Handicraft Teachers' Certificate . . ., .. .. , . 28 27 ] 7 Technological Examinations . . .. . .. . . 129 83 64 Naval Cadetships .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 6 Aircraft Apprenticeship .. .. .. .. 7 4 | Examinations held on behalf of City and Guilds of London Institute .. 125 151 159 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 9,492, 2,025 5,880 ■ I

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Table Z2. —Standard and Results of Examinations.

The examination branch of the Department assists in the arrangements necessary for carrying out the Wiremen's Registration Examinations conducted by the Electrical Wiremen's Registration Board. In addition to those certificates issued as a result of the examinations given in Table Z 2, certificates were also issued in the following cases to candidates who were recommended by Principals of post-primary schools and approved by the Department's Inspectors : —

Table Z3. —Number of Certificates issued by accrediting.

32

1933. 1934. tSdeS cBcj <$•£< <$ <8 cj cê <8 cj a> +j B H -p C -+J 92 -+J H rj H +) 2 -*-3 cô £ .§ do c3 £ c3 «* g .§ * ,9 * -S «5 Stage in Course S 2° 2 2 S3 S 2° 2 2 at wfuVh 1 —. Si _ "213 173 Examination. Examination is normally llS §|$ Sf i. S|g Sfs If I. taken. ' J §U £§§ £g £« £§g ggl £2 Og o ®£ o g , os o 0 s . ° •" f, F-H LI CC P-J f"4 S-t F-< S ft £ 53 «U S8 ft $. 5 <« S ~ 9 S o S s SoS io-s £0 BoSa fio* -2 2 ■£ ■S °. s- 3 ® s-P gj=® a-?® a-p p3 & M '-3 £ & P< != £ CO 3f 25 (3 fe fe Jzi I fc I S? £ Proficiency* .. .. At end of Form II .. 25,062 19,319 3,417+ 2,326 25,350 20,235 3,321+ 1,794 Intermediate .. At end of Form IV .. 1,308 505 .. 803 1,026 438 .. 588 School Certificate .. At end of Form V .. .. .. .. .. 4,197 1,876 883 1,438 Certificate for Class D .. At end of Form V 13 13 .. .. 3 3 Training College Entrance At end of Form VI .. 314 143 100 71 308 128 113 67 Certificate for Class C and At end of training- 122 19 78J 25 96 18J 57 21 Class B college course Handicraft Teachers' Cer- Taken by teachers 27 4 17 6 17 6 4 7 tificate Technological Examinations — Preliminary .. At end of Form IV or 8 6 2 10 8 2 equivalent Intermediate .. Evening classes, third- 43 26 17 29 22 7 year apprentices Pinal .. .. Evening classes, fourth- 31 17 .. 14 25 12 .. 13 year apprentices Special Examination in .. 1 .. 1 Building Construction Naval Cadetship .. Form III .. .. 1 1 .. 3 2.. 1 Naval Cadetship (Special Form VI . . • ■ .. .. • • 3 I .. 2 entry) Aircraft Apprentices .. Form V.. .. 4 2 .. 2 1 1 London University .. Post-secondary .. 2 2.. .. 3 2.. 1 Examinations held on he- As for technological 151 81 . . 70 159 97 .. 62 half of City and Guilds examinations of London Institute . * This examination is held by the Department's Inspectors in the various education districts, but the results are giyen (or the purposes of comparison. A more detailed analysis will be found in Table A 7 of E.-2. t Competency pass. t Includes 3 passed for Class B.

(These are in addition to those awarded as a result of examination.) Number of Certificates issued. Certificate. Stage of Course at which Certificate is issued. : — 1933. 1934. Intermediate .. At end of Form IV —■i.e., at the end of at least the second 5,619 6,451 year of approved post-primary course Lower leaving .. At end of Form V —i.e., at the end of at least the third year 87 81 of approved post-primary course Higher leaving .. At the end of Form VI —i.e., at the end of at least the fourth 1,101 970 year of approved post-primary course

E.—l.

In regard to examinations conducted by the University of New Zealand the following shows the position in 1933 and 1934 : —

Table Z4. —University Examinations.

36. CHILD WELFARE. The total number of children under the supervision of the Child Welfare Branch as at 31st March, 1935, was 7,315, classed under the following headings : — State wards — In foster-homes, hostels, and with friends .. .. .. .. 2,633 In situations (includes 15 absent without leave) .. .. .. 913 In Government institutions, receiving-homes, &c. .. .. .. 240 In private institutions .. .. .. .. .. .. 181 Inmates in special schools for backward children .. .. .. 282 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. .. .. .. 26 At School for Deaf, Sumner .. .. .. .. .. 8 4,283 Young persons supervised in their own homes by Child Welfare Officers by order of Court . . .. .. . . ■ • • • • ■ 917 Infants supervised in foster-homes registered under the Infants Act .. 816 Pupils at School for Deaf, Sumner (other than State wards (8) included in figures above) .. .. .. .. . ■ ■ • • • 119 Children dealt with as preventive cases .. .. .. . • 1,161 Children at New Zealand Institute for the Blind for whom the Department makes payment .. .. .. ■ • • • • • 19 7,315 The number of children committed to the care of the Superintendent during the year ended 31st March, 1935, was 442, classified according to reasons for committal, as follows : Indigent, 199 ; delinquent, 26 ; detrimental environment, 40 ; neglected, 8 ; not under proper control, 81 ; accused or guilty of punishable offence, 88 ; and in addition 7 were admitted by private arrangement (section 12, Child Welfare Act), while f3 were temporarily admitted, making the total number of admissions for the year 492. ()f the • hi'dren committed, 92 had been dealt with previously by the Courts for other offences, for which they had received terms of supervision. Classified according to the age at the time of admission, the numbers, including temporary admissions, and those admitted under section 12, Child Welfare Act, are as follows : Under six months, 50 ; over six months and under one year, 31 ;

5— Ē. 1.

33

Examination. Stage in Course at which Examina- Number of Candidates. 1933. 1934. tion is normally taken. University Entrance At end of Form V —i.e., at end (a) Who presented them- 4,738 4,610 Examination of at least the third year of selves for examination post-primary course (only the (b) Who passed .. 2,291 2,071 very best third-year pupils (e) Who failed .. .. 2,447 2,539 succeed in passing) Entrance Scholarship At end of Form VI—i.e., at end (a) Who presented them- 345 280 Examination of at least the fourth year of selves for examination post-primary course (b) Who obtained at least a 134* 138* pass with credit (c) Who qualified only for 112 72 University entrance as a result of the examination (d) Who failed .. .. 99 70 Other University During University course .. (a) Who presented them- 7,750 7,927 examinations selves for examination (b) Who obtained complete 5,649 5,229 or partial successes * Thirty scholarships are awarded yearly.

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from one to five years, 78 ; from five to ten years, 84 ; from ten to fourteen years, 120 ; over fourteen years, 129. The length of period of residence for the children temporarily admitted was from one day to seven weeks. Of the children in foster-homes at 31st March, 1935, 110 over the age of fourteen years were still attending school, 52 receiving primary education and 58 receiving higher education. Furthermore, 21 children under the age of fourteen years were receiving higher education. In addition, there were 21 children residing in hostels who were receiving higher education. 37. TEACHERS' SUPERANNUATION FUND. The position of the fund at the 31st January, 1935, and the principal figures concerning the transactions for the year, compared with those for the year ended 31st January, 1934, are given below : — 1933-34. 1934-35. £ £ Balance at credit of fund at end of year .. .. .. 1,003,185 989,310 Decrease over balance at end of previous year .. .. 108,457 13,875 Income for the year— Members'contributions .. .. .. .. 114,775 114,699 Interest .. .. .. .. .. .. 54,310 48,327 Government subsidy .. .. .. .. 55,948 166,048 Profit on realization of investments, &c. .. .. 1,462 750 Total income .. .. .. .. £226,485 £329,824 Expenditure— Retiring and other allowances .. .. .. 299,516 306,350 Contributions refunded, &c. .. .. .. .. 31,802 33,462 Administration expenses, &c. .. .. .. 3,634 3,887 Provision for loss on investment Total expenditure .. .. .. £334,952 £343,699 Number of contributors at 31st January .. .. .. 8,903 8,500 Number of members admitted during period .. .. 99 122 Number retiring from the fund during period .. .. 551 525 Net decrease in membership at 31st January .. .. 452 403 Number of allowances in force at 31st January .. .. 1,881 1,919 Representing an annual charge of .. .. .. £299,667 £304,860 Ordinary retiring-allowances .. .. .. .. 1,230 £245,779 1,254 £250,113 Retiring-allowances under extended provisions of section 75 of the Act, and under section 14 of Finance Act, 1931 .. .. .. .. .. .. 136 £21,270 137 £21,121 Retiring-allowances in medically unfit cases .. .. 176 £22,457 184 £23,280 Allowances to widows .. .. .. .. 268 £8,316 279 £8,657 Allowances to children .. .. .. .. 71 £1,846 65 £1,690 Funds invested at 31st January— £ £ At 4 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 2,855 59,820 At 4J per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 81,180 54,160 At 4| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 400 At 4| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17,195 At 4§ per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 500 500 At 5 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 81,648 At 6 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,385 At 6 per cent. \ Subject to reduction under the Nationalf 834,943 802,502 At 6| per cent. J Expenditure Adjustment Act, 1932 \ 17,432 9,431 Mortgage security acquired .. .. ~ .. 3,365 3,255 Total .. .. .. .. .. £1,022,323 £952,248 Average rate of interest (per cent.) — Unreduced rate after reduction .. . .. .. 5-78 5-745 As shown above .. .. .. .. .. 4-94 4-881 Unclaimed contributions held at 31st January .. .. £1,727 £1,680

34

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APPENDIX.

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND RECOVERIES IN RESPECT OF ALL SERVICES UNDER THE CONTROL OR SUPERVISION OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1935.

35

General Administration. £ £ £ Salaries of Head Office staff .. .. .. ■■ 28,238 Part salaries of Inspectors attached to Head Office .. .. 1,442 Overtime and meal allowances .. • • .. 23 29,703 Office furniture and fittings . . . . .. . • ■ • 363 Postage and telegrams .. .. .. . • • • • • 728 Telephones .. .. .. •• •• •• 316 Travelling-expenses .. .. . • ■ • • ■ • • 629 Education Gazette— Salaries .. .. . • • • • • • • 195 Printing, postage, &c., office and other requisites .. 1,125 Printing and stationery .. .. .. •. • . 921 Printing and stationery—Storage with Government Printer .. 61 34,041 Less recoveries— Services rendered to Teachers' Superannuation 1,057 Board and to other Departments Education Gazette : Sales and advertising, &c. .. 246 Postage and telegrams .. .. .. 168 Printing and stationery and sale of publications 148 Teachers' certificates, fees for .. .. 51 Sale of office furniture .. .. .. 13 1,683 32,358 Primary Education (including Intermediate Schools or Departments under control of Education Board), Teachers' salaries and allowances . . .. .. 1,441,891 Teachers' salaries and allowances —Chatham Island schools .. 1,716 House allowances .. .. .. •• •• 36,515 1,480,122 Education Boards—Grants for administration and general 28,180 purposes Less portion chargeable to post-primary .. .. 696 School Committees' allowances —Cleaning, heating, &c. .. 104,765 Less portion chargeable to post-primary .. .. 3,009 Supply of books in necessitous cases .. . • • • • • 1,439 Removal expenses of teachers .. .. • . • • • • 1 > 982 School buildings and sites — Maintenance, including alterations to make safe £ against earthquake .. .. •• 70,780 Less portion for secondary departments of district high schools chargeable to post-primary .. .. .. 1,747 69,033 Rebuilding or repairing buildings destroyed or damaged 10,642 by fire Rent of buildings and sites for school purposes .. 2,349 Valuation fees and miscellaneous .. .. .. 7 82,031 Conveyance, &c., of children — By rail .. .. .. •• •• •• 8,686 By road and water .. .. •. . • • • 62,806 Boarding-allowances .. •. • • • • 711 72,203 Conveyance of instructors and teachers .. . • .. •• 6,396 Correspondence School— Salaries of teachers . . . • • ■ ■ • 5,461 Meal allowances .. . • • • ■ • • • 11 Other expenses .. .. •• •• 1,619 Office furniture and fittings .. .. .. .. 72 7,163 Inspection (including compassionate allowances) — Salaries (less part charged Head Office Administration) .. 23,503 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. 7,862 Telephones and office expenses .. . • ■ • 129 Clerical assistance .. .. • • ■ • • • 331 Postage and telegrams .. •. • • ■ ■ 84 ——————-———— 31 j 909 School Journal —- Salaries .. .. • • ■ • • • • • 430 Printing, postage, office expenses, &c. .. .. 4,084 4,514

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Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

36

Primary Education —continued. £ £ £ Manual Instruction — Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 50,496 Material .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,271 Incidentals .. .. .. .. .. 13,106 67,873 Postages .. .. •. .. .. .. .. 70 Printing (register and other school books and forms) .. .. 707 1,885,649 Less recoveries— Teachers'salaries .. .. .. .. 23,377 On account of maintenance of buildings .. 6 Correspondence School .. .. .. 489 School Journal sales .. .. .. 477 Special examination fees .. .. .. 64 On account of education of foreign children .. 104 Postages, printing and stationery .. .. 32 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. .. 535 Registration and other fees .. .. .. 5 Manual-instruction material .. .. .. 84 Sale of dulcitone .. .. .. .. 5 25,178 1,860,471 Post-primary Education. (Including intermediate departments attached to secondary and technical schools.) Teachers' salaries and allowances — District high schools .. .. .. . . 67,058 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. .. 199,589 Technical schools and classes .. .. .. 153,787 Combined schools .. .. .. .. .. 33,429 453,863 Grants to Boards for administrative and general purposes— District high schools .. .. .. .. 696 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. .. 30,310 Technical schools .. .. .. .. .. 29,424 Combined schools .. .. .. .. .. 6,879 67,309 School Committee allowances (portion for secondary depart- .. 3,009 ments, district high schools) Manual instruction in secondary schools .. .. .. .. 2,915 Conveyance of pupils .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,006 Inspection — Salaries (less portion charged to Head Office Administration) 3.530 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. 1,319 4,849 War Bursaries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 834 School buildings, &c. — Grant to Feilding Agricultural High School for legal ex- .. 131 penses, &c., in connection with evacuation of farm property Maintenance of buildings (including secondary departments 7,476 of district high schools) Rents of buildings for school purposes .. .. .. 896 8,372 Correspondence School— Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,133 Other expenses .. .. .. .. .. 1,844 6,977 Reef ton School of Mines — Services rendered by secondary . . 100 department of district high school Marlborough High School —Grant under Marlborough High .. 34-0 School Act, 1899 Printing forms, &c., for schools .. .. .. .. .. 169 Secondary education reserves revenue distributed to High .. 13,312 School Boards (Education Reserves Amendment Act, 1914) 576,186 Less recoveries— On account of maintenance of buildings .. 2,299 Recoveries on account of Peildmg Agricultural 131 High School Correspondence School .. .. .. 973 Teachers' salaries .. .. .. .. 9 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. .. 103 Expenses of technical instructors taking up 2 appointments 3,517 572,669

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Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

37

Higher Education. £ £ £ Statutory grants — New Zealand University—National-endowment reserve .. 4,154 revenue Auckland University College— Grant for general purposes .. .. •• 11,263 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 2,076 — 13,339 Victoria University College— Grant for general purposes .. • • • • 9,385 National-endowment reserve revenue .. •• 2,076 11,461 Canterbury College— Grant for general purposes .. • • • • 6,289 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 2,076 8,365 University of Otago — Grant for general purposes .. • • • • 12,764 National-endowment reserve revenue .. •• 2,076 14,840 Special assistance to deserving students .. . • • • • • 45 Scholarships and bursaries — University National Scholarships .. •• 4,248 Agricultural Scholarships .. . • • • • • " Sir George Grey " Scholarships .. . • • • 200 University Bursaries .. .. • • • • 4,554 Agricultural Bursaries .. . ■ • • • • 963 Architectural Bursaries .. • • • • ■ • 297 Engineering Bursaries ■. • • ■ • • • 356 Home-science Bursaries .. .. • • • • 832 11,542 63,746 Less recoveries: Refund —Educational bursaries, &c. .. 7 63,739 Training Colleges and Training of Teachers. Training Colleges— Salaries of staffs (including staffs of practising schools in .. 7,32L excess of usual staff as public schools) Travelling-expenses of staff and expenses in connection .. 1»121 with appointments Allowances to and expenses of students .. .. • • 4,294 Special instruction, libraries, and incidental expenses .. .. 261 Apparatus and material .. . • • • • • • • ® Printing, &c. .. .. . • • • • • ■ • 13,019 Less recoveries— Salaries of staffs .. .. .. . ■ 170 Students' allowances .. .. • • 180 350 12,669 Native Schools. Salaries of teachers .. .. . • •• •• 67,140 Removal expenses of teachers .. .. .. . • • • 834 Books, apparatus, and other school requisites .. .. 1,619 Manual instruction . . . • . • • • ■ • • • 413 Conveyance and board of children . • •. • • • ■ 4,094 Sundries .. .. . • • ■ • • ■ • • ■ Buildings and sites— Maintenance of buildings .. .. .. .. 6,031 Rent of buildings and sites .. .. .. .. Ill 6,142 Inspection— Salaries of Inspectors .. .. .. •• 1,372 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. 687 2,059 Scholarships .. .. .. .. , • •• •• 4,606 86,986 Less recoveries— Books, maps, &c. .. .. .. .. 51 Maintenance of buildings .. .. .. 9 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. ■. 41 Transfer and travelling-expenses of Inspectors .. 12 Salaries of teachers and Inspectors .. .. 61 Scholarships and apprenticeships .. .. 439 86,373 Physical Instruction. Salaries of instructors .. .. .. .. •. • • 1,080 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. .. • • 667 Sundries .. .. .. .. • • • • • • 2 1,749

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Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

38

Education of the Blind. £ £ £ Grant to New Zealand Institute for the Blind .. .. .. 1 ( 000 Maintenance fees of Government pupils at Jubilee Institute .. .. 477 Travelling-expenses of pupils .. .. .. . . .. 56 1,533 Less recoveries: Maintenance fees, &c. .. .. .. 466 — 1,067 School for the Deaf. Salaries of staff .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,193 General maintenance of institution .. .. .. .. 1,854 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 246 Postage and telegrams .... .. .. .. ., 29 Travelling allowances and expenses (including transit of .. 326 children) 7,648 Less recoveries— Maintenance fees, &c. .. .. .. 2,354 Sale of produce, &c. .. .. .. 5 Board of staff .. .. .. .. 375 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. 8 2,742 4,906 Schools for the Mentally Backward. Salaries of staff .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,235 Maintenance of institutions .. .. .. .. .. 6,618 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. . . .. .. .. 442 Travelling allowances and expenses (including transit of .. 438 children) Sundries . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 31 Postage and telegrams .. .. . . .. .. .. 80 15,844 Less recoveries— Maintenance fees, &e. .. .. .. 1,174 Sale of produce, &c. .. .. .. 770 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. 34 Board of staff .. .. .. .. 1,175 Maintenance of institution, &c. .. .. 5 Maintenance of buildings .. .. .. 13 Sale of furniture, &c. .. .. .. 23 3,194 12,650 Child Welfare. Salaries of staffs, including field officers .. .. .. .. 25,399 Wages of inmates employed in institutions .. .. .. 243 Travelling and removal expenses (including transit of children) .. 3,466 Boarding-out of children .. .. .. .. .. 74,718 Maintenance of children in Government institutions .. .. 19,134 Maintenance of children in private institutions .. .. .. 3,439 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 1 ; 178 Rent, office requisites, telephones, &c. .. .. .. .. 2,042 Office furniture and fittings .. .. .. .. .. 51 , Postage and telegrams . . .. .. .. .. .. 679 Payment to Post and Telegraph Department for services .. .. 717 Payment to Registrar-General's Department for services .. .. 20 Refunds of inmates' earnings . . .. .. . . .. 728 Refund of maintenance payments .. .. .. .. 197 Legal expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 132,030 Less recoveries— Maintenance fees, &c. .. .. .. 14,076 Refunds for clothing, &c., supplied .. .. 3,684 Refunds of boarding-out payments .. .. 563 Refunds of travelling-expenses .. .. 62 Recoveries on account of office rent, &c. .. 37 Recoveries on account of inmates' earnings .. 681 Sale of produce .. .. .. .. 2,132 Board of staff and others .. .. .. 2,124 Rent of land and buildings .. .. .. 314 Accumulated earnings of deceased inmates .. 427 Maintenance of institutions, &c. .. .. 192 Recoveries on account of staffs, &c. .. .. 14 Sale of furniture, surplus stores, &c. .. .. 175 24,481 107,549

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Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

39

Material and Stores. £ £ £ Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,031 Stores and material purchased .. . . . . .. .. 3,277 Lighting, cleaning, cartage, &c. .. ,. .. . . , . 95 4,403 Less stores issued and charged to other items of vote . . 4,829 Education Cr. 426 Less recoveries: Stores sold .. , . .. .. 29 Cr. 455 Miscellaneous. Contribution to Fire Insurance Fund .. .. .. .. 10,000 Examination expenses .. .. .. .. .. i •• 2,337 Grading of teachers, costs of appeal, inquiries, &c. .. .. .. 284 Accidents to school children and teachers .. .. .. .. 41 Salaries of teachers on exchange from overseas (recoverable) .. . . 1,957 Teachers' Superannuation Fund— Annual contribution under Act .. .. .. 43,000 Additional allowance to widows and children .. .. 4,712 47,712 Gramophones and radios for schools (recoverable) .. .. .. 119 62,450 Less recoveries— Examination fees, &o. .. .. .. 1,897 Salaries of teachers on exchange from abroad .. 2,102 Gramophones for schools .. .. .. 145 Grading of teachers .. .. .. 44 4,188 58,262 Net total, excluding new buildings, &c. .. .. .. 2,814,007 . r , - Consolidated Fund: Capital Expenditure. Public Works Fund. Vote> Education Sites, buildings, equipment, &c.— Public schools . . . . .. .. .. 30,595 4,510 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. .. 14,209 470 Technical schools .. .. .. .. .. 12,233 618 Native schools .. -. .. .. .. 5,146 273 62,183 5,871 Less recoveries (sale of sites, &c., and recoveries on account of expenditure of past years)— Public schools .. .. .. .. 8,671 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. 2,012 Technical schools .. . . .. .. 211 10,894 Net expenditure on new buildings, &c. .. 51,289 5,871 57,160 Net total, including new buildings, &c. . . .. .. £2,871,167

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SUMMARY. Consolidated Fund — £ Vote Education .. .. .. •• •• •• •• 2,593,661 Unauthorized .. .. .. •• •• •• •• 2,151 Land Act, 1924 (national-endowment reserves revenue) .. .. .. .. .. .. 87,207 Education Reserves Act, 1928, sections 23 and 30 (primary-education reserves revenue) .. .. 115,264 Education Reserves Act, 1928, sections 23 and 30 (secondary-education reserves revenue) .. .. 13,312 Tauranga Educational Endowment Reserves Act, 1896 (reserves revenue) .. .. •. .. 162 Public Revenue Act, 1926, section 133 (Fire Insurance Fund) .. .. .. .. .. 8,568 Public Works Fund, vote Education buildings .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 51,289 2,873,614 Less — Consolidated Fund— £ Recoveries on account of expenditure of previous year .. .. .. 971 Territorial revenue .. .. .. .. ■ • • • • • 104 Miscellaneous revenue .. .. .. .. • • • • • • 1,367 Registration and other fees .. .. .. .. . • ■ ■ 5 2,447 £2,871,167 Additional amounts are available from revenue from reserves vested in post-primary schools and University Colleges as follows : — £ Post-primary schools .. .. .. •• •• 30,469 University colleges .. .. .. .. •• 18,970 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. £49,439 Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (1,010 copies), €55.

By Authority: G. H. Loney, Government Printer, Wellington. —1935.

Price 2s.]

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