NATIVE-LAND DEVELOPMENT. STATEMENT BY THE HON. SIR APIRANA T. NGATA, NATIVE MINISTER.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1932 Session I-II, G-10

C.- If

1932. NEW ZEALAND.

NATIVE-LAND DEVELOPMENT. STATEMENT BY THE HON. SIR APIRANA T. NGATA, NATIVE MINISTER.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Leave.

This statement is in continuation of that presented to both Houses of the General Assembly during the Second Session of 1931, and printed in the Appendices to the Journals of the House of Representatives as parliamentary paper Gr.-10, 1931. The present statement covers the two financial years 1930-31 and 1931-32, and to some extent overlaps the period traversed by the previous statement. The latter, however, dealt more with general aspects of the Native-land problem, and discussed the historical, sociological, and psychological bases for a policy of settling selected units of the Maori race on land. In the present statement the development schemes that were in operation on the 31st day of March, 1932, are dealt with in detail from their inception, while the fullest possible particulars relating to the lands comprised in each scheme and summarized analyses of the expenditure are set forth in the schedules. In the comments on this mass of data it is pointed out that payments for work done and for material, seeds, and stock supplied during the period under review, and the effective results in enclosed pastures, sheep and cattle, buildings, implements, and equipment assembled in the statement, do not, and cannot in the circumstances, present a complete picture. Payments made up to a conventional date for closing accounts do not show all costs actually incurred to that date, nor are the results calculated or measured in such a way as to enable average costs to be assessed with precision. Over such a wide field of operations and with the amount of detail to be organized the lag in accounting must be allowed for. It is claimed, however, that the facts assembled give evidence of a determined effort by the Maori settlers and by the administration in all its branches to keep costs down to the lowest possible level, and that the self-reliance and enthusiasm of Maori communities and those factors and racial characteristics which were discussed in the first statement, have been fully exploited to that end. The Native Department has concentrated its organization and resources in order to secure material, seeds, manure, and stock at the lowest possible prices having regard to quality. Administration and supervision charges to the State have been reduced to a minimum by the policy of selecting leaders in each Maori community to conduct and inspire their fellow-tribesmen, and by apportioning to schemes a due proportion of overhead costs. The transfer of Consolidation Officers to duties connected with the development schemes, and the increased use of permanent officers of the Department as Supervisors, have made it possible to administer the activities of the numerous and widespread schemes without any great expansion of the staff.

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Many reasons, which need not be repeated here, have been urged in justification of a policy for promoting the settlement of Maoris on land. The benefits that will accrue from it have been emphasized by public men and others who have felt concern for the future of the Maori people, and who have been prepared to condone a sacrifice of sound business principles in land-settlement in order to assure the amelioration of the physical, social, and moral condition of the race. The statement now presented to Parliament reviews the actual execution of a policy, and seeks to justify it by facts showing economy in expenditure and reasonable efficiency in administration, and that it is well adapted to the facts of Maori society. The schemes are founded on the assumption that the State will not brook failure or consent to write off losses, and the administration of them seeks to reduce the risk of failure. The prolonged depression with the catastrophic fall in the prices for farm-products has introduced an element not contemplated in the original plan of Native-land development. It has compelled a reconsideration of many aspects of the policy, and raised the question whether the Maori people is capable under the extremely adverse conditions prevailing to-day of squaring development costs with the unprecedented low level of prices. If it fails to do so it will be because no one else will be able to balance farm budgets. The statement refers in many places to the application of unemployment funds in connection with many of the schemes. On the one hand the subsidies from the Maori unemployment grant have made it possible to provide work for a great number of unemployed Maoris in connection with operations calling for the employment of men outside the sele6ted and regular settlers such as bushfelling, scrub-cutting, preparing fencing material, fencing, draining, and clearing noxious weeds, and to reduce the charge upon the land and to the would-be settlers. On the other hand the fact of such extraneous assistance being available to supplement the works budget has caused an acceleration of programmes and unbalanced the plans of many schemes. Other than roading and draining there is no labour item in a land-development programme which does not entail consequential expenditure for the purchase of material or seed or stock to make it effective. The pressure to find work for unemployed and distressed Maoris cannot always be resisted, but the implications are afterwards felt in Treasury memoranda regarding the overspending of parliamentary appropriations. The Deputy Chairman of the Unemployment Board, Mr. Jessep, has commented recently on the problem of unemployment in relation to Maoris and their lands, and stressed the need for speeding up the individualization of Native-land titles as a condition precedent to settling the owners on their lands. Experience has shown that the ordinary methods provided by law, including even the method of consolidation of titles, do not act quickly enough for the emergency that causes Mr. Jessep concern. On the other hand, the development legislation passed in 1929, and re-enacted by section 522 of the Native Land Act, 1931, provides for individualization, development, and settlement as parts of a complete plan, with finance provided by the State. It may be advisable, as it appears to be desirable in view of the continuance of the depression, to devote a larger proportion of unemployment funds towards the labour content of the cost of Native-land development schemes, and so remove a number of unemployed Maoris for periods from other relief schemes of the Unemployment Board. I desire to record my appreciation of the services rendered by all officers, whether in the field or in the office, who have made the execution of the Native-land development policy possible. Without their loyal support and keen appreciation of its aims it would have broken down.

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BEPORT ON NATIVE-LAND DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES.

"A." TOKERAU (NORTH AUCKLAND) MAORI LAND DISTRICT. The development and settlement of lands owned or occupied by Maoris in the region to the north of Auckland was well under way before the passing of the legislation of 1929, when for the first time in the history of the Dominion Parliament decided to grant direct assistance from State funds for the development and farming of Native lands. Until the winter of 1930, when the provisions of the new legislation were applied to the northern lands, almost the only assistance given to Natives and secured on lands owned by them was granted by the Tokerau Maori Land Board out of funds administered by it for Maori beneficiaries. At the 31st of March, 1931, its advances stood at £43,900, of which the Te Ivao scheme accounted for £27,245. The total number of units assisted was 120, including fifty-one at Te Kao. The latter scheme was launched on the 6th November, 1925, and at the 31st March, 1929, the expenditure thereon amounted to £25,245. Consolidation of Titles. The constant pressure exerted by local bodies in regard to defaults made by Native communities and landowners in the payment of rates led the Government in 1927 to consider and take steps for a complete stocktaking of the position of Native lands in the North Auckland, King-country, Rotorua, and Bay of Plenty districts in extension of the policy that had already been applied to the East Coast and Urewera country. A special staff was organized for the North Auckland District, and was attached to the Native Land Court Office at Auckland. It commenced the preliminary survey of the problems of the territory early in 1928. The tremendous proportions of the undertaking may be gathered from the facts stated hereunder, which have been laboriously assembled and checked by the consolidation staff. The staff of the Auckland office had to be strengthened for the emergency. For the purposes of consolidation of interests the district was subdivided into four, as follows : —

Lands affected by Consolidation Schemes.

The titles were necessarily separate and distinct. The name of any one individual might, on the other hand, occur in the titles of many blocks, either as an original owner or by succession, and these blocks might be distributed over many counties. Again, the share of an individual or the shares of himself, his wife, and family might be so small in each of these blocks as to render them useless, unless they could be sold or leased. The purpose of a consolidation scheme is to bring about the aggregation of these shares on a net value basis in localities suited to individuals or families, and so defined as to conform as far as possible to the requirements of modern settlement. The consolidation staff is required in the wholesale readjustment to work out to the last penny the net worth of the shares of every individual and account for the same in the new locations that may be evolved. The four schemes comprised Native-owned lands in ten counties and two Town Board districts. The governing bodies of these were interested in varying degrees in the efficient occupation and settlement of Native lands within their boundaries. It was difficult for them to appreciate the severe handicaps inherent in the nature of the Native land titles. They had constantly before them the figures of outstanding Native rates, which mounted higher and higher as the counties expanded their roading and borrowing policies. In the stocktaking, which is the essential preliminary to the ascertainment of the value of the individual interests held by Natives in land, the net value of those intefests cannot be arrived at and stabilized until the liabilities against the same are assessed and discounted in any scheme for aggregating those interests in one or more compact holdings, defined by proper fencing boundaries and having access to the roading scheme of the district. The plan of the consolidation schemes operating in the North Auckland region was to achieve a reasonable measure of aggregation of the interests of individuals or of families or of associated manageable groups, so that in regard at least to local taxation liability should attach in as clear and as definite a manner as in the case of European holdings ; in regard to farming the handicaps of promiscuous occupation inherent in the communal system might be reduced

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„ , „ , , , . Number of Number of Name of Scheme. Total Area. Titlef ,_ Owners. A. R. P. Mangonui (comprising counties of Mangonui and Whangaroa) 131,442 0 25 1,082 19,760 Bay of Islands (comprising counties of Whangarei and Bay 201,733 0 12 2,201 30,203 of Islands, and Kaikohe Town Board District) Hokianga (comprising County of Hokianga and Kohukohu 114,567 1 04 1,719 18,742 Town Board District) Kaipara (comprising counties of Waitemata, Rodney, Ota- 74,603 1 10 477 7,766 matea, Hobson, and Great Barrier) Totals 522,345 3 11 5,479 76,471

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to a minimum, if not removed ; and in regard to financial assistance the security of the land might be made available to the fullest extent by the users, being themselves in fact the owners, to any lending institution that might favour it. In furtherance of the plan the 5,479 titles were closely and minutely examined, and steps were taken to tabulate the data relating to — (a) The value of each holding. (b) The liabilities against each holding for— (i) Outstanding title fees and succession duties; (ii) Survey costs ; and (iii) County rates. (c) The manner of occupation, and, if leased, the terms on which leased and the position as to rent payments. (d) The proposals of individuals or family groups regarding exchanges, aggregation, or location of consolidated interests. In regard to valuations it was found that the Valuation Department was engaged in a revaluation of counties throughout the North Auckland District. The data was furnished from time to time to the Auckland Branch of the Native Department, but was not completed until April, 1931 In regard to outstanding rates, it was found impracticable to proceed with the assessment of liabilities on the Native titles unless some arrangement was made with the local bodies. This was effected during 1928, and compromises were made which in the case of Whangarei settled outstanding rates as at the 31st March, 1928, and in the case of the other local bodies, except those comprised in the Kaipara consolidation district, to the end of March, 1930. Further compromises were arranged at a conference between the local bodies concerned and the consolidation officers, which took the settlement to the end of March, 1931. On the Kaipara side the consolidation staff arranged settlements to the 31st of March, 1932. The following are the particulars of these settlements :—

Rate Compromises, North Auckland.

In the discussions with the local bodies their representatives, while stressing the needs of their respective districts and urging the more equitable distribution of the burden of local taxation between pakeha and Maori owners and occupiers of land, expressed their willingness to assist the consolidation officers and the Department in carrying out the policy, which was directed towards the comprehensive adjustment of Native land titles for purposes of settlement, and was calculated to remove many of the difficulties in the way of the effective collection of rates. The payments to the local bodies were made out of the Native Land Settlement Account, and were in fact purchases by the Crown of undivided interests in Native lands, which under the consolidation schemes would, with other interests acquired by the Crown in other ways be aggregated in compact areas in various parts of the North Auckland region. The detail work involved, which had to be carried out by the consolidation staff, was the apportionment to each title of the amount paid on its behalf by the Crown. Survey Liens. The next formidable liability to be faced was that of survey costs, which had been accumulating through the years, increasing with every attempt of the Native Land Court to individualize the Native land holdings. Reference should be made to the report of the conference held in November, 1930, between representatives of Treasury, the Lands and Survey Department, and the Native Department, when recommendations were made affecting survey liens on Native lands comprised in consolidation schemes in various parts of the North Island, and amounting to £116,217. (See parliamentary paper G.-7 of the present session.) The conference recommended the remission of interest and a proportion of the principal, while, for the balance which remained, lands were to be awarded to the Crown through the consolidation schemes. Some of the local authorities with which

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Five years' Rates to „ v To 31st Local Body. 31st March, Total. Paid. Settled to March, 1932. 1930. £ £ £ £ £ 1931. Mangonui .. .. .. .. 10,250 1,944 .. 12,194 3,986 31 March. KotatXu Town Bo.ri " } 25.330 5,066 .. 30,386 6,816131 „ Wliangaroa .. .. .. 3,267 630 .. 3,897 908 31 Bay of Islands .. .. .. 23,480 Kaikohe Town Board .. .. 1,225 f 29,359 3,314 31 „ Whangarei .. .. / /l' 532 »>731 2,533 31 „ Kaipara— 1932 . Otamatea .. .. .. .. .. 2,668 2,668 400 31 March. Rodney .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,198 1,198 200 31 „ Hobson .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,512 4,512 600 31 Totals .. .. .. 71,751 13,826 8,378 93,955 17,757| * In the first compromise in 1928 the Whangarei Council settled only up to 31st March, 1928. The two years to 31st March, 1930, were arranged later.

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rate compromises were effected insisted that the Crown should remit a substantial proportion of the survey costs, so that the State might share with themselves the sacrifice demanded in the interests of settlement. In regard to the North Auckland lands the position was as follows: —

The amounts recommended to be remitted in the case of the first three districts were £35,619 2s. 9d., leaving to be paid in cash or land by the Natives interested £11,000. In the case of the Kaipara district the amount recommended to be remitted was £2,863 9s. 4d., leaving £512 to be paid in cash or land. The total balance of £11,512 has to be added to the £17,757 10s. paid in settlement of rates and apportioned by the consolidation officers to the various titles concerned. Successions, Consolidation Proposals. It was found that where revenues, such as rents or royalties, were derived from lands, the succession to deceased owners in those lands was well maintained. Those entitled to succeed found it worth while to seek the jurisdiction of the Court and to pay the fees and succession duties. Where land was not revenue-earning successions were greatly in arrear. It was necessary in the consolidation plan to bring these up to date, and a great deal of the time of the consolidation staff and of the Court has been occupied in the last three or four years with this tedious but unavoidable task. The magnitude of it may be realized from the fact that 7,900 succession orders were made under consolidation, and data prepared for a further 5,100, involving protracted investigations in the Maori villages under trying physical conditions, and also numerous special sittings of the Court to supervise and confirm the results thereof. As part of the inquiries made, the officers examined and noted the proposals submitted by individuals and families for the compacting of their scattered interests in some selected locality or localities. When it is understood that these proposals might in the case of a single individual involve interests in twenty or more separate blocks of land distributed over two or more counties, and that with those of his wife or children or grand-children these interests might comprise twice as many areas again of divers quality and value with liabilities for rates and survey liens to be assessed in detail the enormous difficulties of the work may be visualized and appreciated. It was a gruelling task performed under conditions which demanded special qualifications and great endurance. It was work that could not be performed under normal service conditions and could not have been efficiently carried out unless the officers were deeply interested in it and thought it worth while. Motatau No. 2 Bloch. In any consolidation scheme those engaged in the conduct of it discover early in their survey of the factors and conditions some area presenting special problems, the satisfactory solution of which is fundamental to progress in other directions. In the North Auckland territory brought under consolidation such a key area was met with in the Motatau No. 2 block, situated in the Bay of Islands. The history of this block and of the difficult position it was in when the consolidation scheme was undertaken is recounted in the reports of the Consolidation Officers, who stated that, unless the balance of a long standing debt due to Treasury was written off and adjustments made of internal liabilities, the Motatau No. 2 Block could not be dealt with under the consolidation scheme. It was impracticable in the circumstances to attempt to assess the value of the interest of any individual or family in a block of nearly 35,000 acres, owned by a leading sub-tribe of the Ngapuhi, whose most influential men set the policy for a very large section of the Maoris of the Tokerau District. Until this was done consolidation in the Bay of Islands area could not proceed, and there would have been an effectual check to progress in any other part of the North, which awaited the lead of the Motatau chiefs, who found themselves fettered by administrative acts for which they were not responsible. Recommended in March, 1928, the matter of writing-off the balance of the Treasury loan on the Motatau No. 2 block was under close investigation until 1931, when it was decided to remit the same. This removed one of the most formidable obstacles to the progress of the consolidation schemes in the North. The writing-off was justified in the interests of settlement. LAND-DEVELOPMENT. The stage had been reached when the process of readjusting titles through consolidation of interests should be definitely and more closely linked up with the development of the lands under review. During 1930, two years after the launching of the .consolidation schemes, it became apparent that the Natives in the district were experiencing hardship and distress owing to the tailing-off of public works, both local and departmental. The resources of the Maori Land Board were practically exhausted^

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UnimName of Consolidation Scheme. Total Area.; proved Principal. Interest. Total. J Value. Acres. £ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Mangonui (including Whangaroa) 131,442 103,981 6,339 17 4 3,676 7 7 10,016 4 11 Hokianga (including Koliukohu 114,567 174,270 9,463 0 8 4,602 5 10 14,065 6 6 Town Board) Bay of Islands (including 201,733 335,371 13,564 8 0 8,973 3 4 22,537 11 4 Whangarei and Kaikohe) Kaipara (including Waitemata, 74,603 126,612 2,046 1 0 1,329 8 4 3,375 9 4 Rodney, Otamatea, Hobson, Great Barrier) Totals .. .. 522,345 740,234 31,413 7 0 18,581 5 1 49,994 12 1

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so that while barely maintaining the Maori farmers, to whom loans had already been advanced, it could not assist any new units. Native communities everywhere asked for assistance under the legislation of 1929, and this demand was supported by the directorates of dairy companies and by local bodies. A survey of the position made early in May, 1930, revealed that group development as understood and adopted in other districts on schemes such as Horohoro, Mohaka, Waimiha, and Ruatoki was not practicable at the commencement as applied to North Auckland conditions, except in areas such as Whakarapa in Northern Hokianga, where the Maori Land Board was already assisting Maori settlers by small loans. The holdings of partially developed fair to good land were small, fragmentary, and scattered, so that the organization of a development scheme, based on contiguity and connection between units in compact areas was not possible. It was decided to adapt the organization to the conditions prevailing, and to create supervision areas, which would eventually become co-extensive with the districts into which the consolidation schemes had been subdivided. Supervision of development and farming was linked to the plan for reorganization of titles, and Farm Supervisors and Consolidation Officers were required to exercise the closest co-operation in their work, the former to examine and report upon all properties submitted for assistance, and the latter to consider them with respect to the titles and to the arrangements for occupation made among the owners, and, above all, in relation to the personal qualifications of applicants. The co-ordination and co-operation between the two sections of the field staff, and between them and the central office, the office of the Maori Land Board at Auckland, have grown and improved in the last two years. Land-development has materially assisted to break down difficulties in the way of the consolidation of titles by hastening decisions among members of families as to exchange and occupation of their respective holdings. Consolidation has, on the other hand, acted as a brake upon the too-rapid extension of development, and restricted assistance to selected areas over which an effective charge could be made to secure the funds of the Native Land Settlement Account. Application of Section 23, Native Land Act, 1929 (now Section 522, 1931 Act). To prepare the way for the examination of development proposals, and for extending assistance to such settlers as might be favourably recommended by the Farm Supervisors and Consolidation Officers, all Native-owned lands in the Tokerau District, other than lands leased to Europeans or mortgaged, were eventually arranged in districts to correspond with the divisions of the consolidation schemes. At the 31st day of March, 1931, the areas notified under section 23 of the Native Land Act, 1929, were as follow

Between May and August, 1930, the field officers covered as much as possible of this extensive territory and made recommendations on which allocations were approved by Cabinet from the Native Land Settlement Account. It was thought advisable to establish partially developed farms on a productive and paying basis, and to require other applicants to use their own labour, free of cost to the development funds in the preparation of areas, so that the call upon those funds should be limited to seed, material, manure, stock, dairy utensils, implements, and in some cases to the discharge of liabilities, so that the Native Land Settlement Account might have a hundred per cent, security over land and chattels. Units which were financed by the Maori Land Board or the Native Trustee or any other State lending Department were excluded, but consideration was given to those which were not too seriously involved with dairy companies or stock and station agents. Self-help as a Factor in Development. A feature of Native land settlement and development throughout the North Auckland region may be emphasized here as of prime importance in any consideration of the present and future prospects of Maori farming there, and of the risks to loan funds involved. That feature is self-help to an extent beyond what obtains in any other district among any other Native community. Until the winter of 1931, when it was feared that the depression would compel many settlers to neglect their farms and to seek sustenance for themselves and their families on relief works, the development account was not called upon to provide wages in connection with any development work. The assistance was confined to the supply of seed, wire, and staples, fertilizers, dairy cattle and utensils, building materials, and the discharge of liabilities secured on stock or equipment. The northern tribesmen cleared the bush or scrub, ploughed and cultivated, split posts and battens, erected new fences or repaired existing fences, sowed the seed and applied fertilizers, and built their own cottages or cow-sheds with their own labour. Most of them were fortunate in the possession of timber suitable for fencing. Nowhere was there so much co-operation among individuals and families ; so great a determination to reduce to a minimum the call on outside capital, or to suffer the inconvenience of poor housing or indifferent equipment. The northern tribes describe this characteristic by saying that they work for one meal a day and themselves provide even that.

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q i Area notified Estimated Area (approximate). developable. Acres. Acres. Mangonui .. .. .. .. .. 127,500^1 Hokianga .. .. .. .. .. 99,000 j Bay of Islands .. .. .. .. .. 177,000 150,000* Kaipara. . .. .. .. .. .. 32,207 j Motatau Base Farm .. .. .. .. 770J Total .. .. .. .. 436,477 150,000 * This estimate takes in lands at present inaccessible, except by sea, most of which are suitable for sheep only. The lands suitable for dairying should be between 35,000 and 40,000 acres.

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Progress of Development. The areas of blocks comprised in titles favourably recommended by the field officers, on which Cabinet approved estimates of expenditure to the 31st March, 1931, were as follows :—

Some of the units recommended and approved did not receive assistance in the financial year for which the estimates were framed. The area owned or occupied was the total area comprised in the titles, but included lands not considered developable. The area estimated to be in pasture when the provisions of the development legislation were applied comprised much of poor quality, or which had reverted partially to fern and scrub. The stock figures for Kaipara were incomplete. Yearlings and calves were not included in the stock tally. The area in pasture of sorts was closely estimated by the field officers in view of the demand by units for dairy stock. The approved estimates provided for the purchase of 1,215 dairy cows and heifers, thus increasing the number to be milked in that season to two thousand. The Maoris assisted were required to repair existing fences or to complete ring fences and subdivisions ; also to recondition as much as possible of pasture land and to prepare new ground for pasturing in the autumn. The estimated costs of stock and material were on the delivered basis, which in the case of cows and heifers on the drop were on the high side in the spring of 1930. The cattle purchases were, however, completed to delivery at an average of two guineas below the estimate ; 1,358 were purchased and delivered at an actual cost of £11,590, as against an estimated cost for 1,217 (including two bulls) of £13,540. The fact that the development funds assumed no responsibility for labour costs left the extent of clearing and cultivation or the general work of preparing for pasture to the initiative of the settlers. Individuals who had been passed over in the 1930 recommendations strove hard to qualify for admission in the 1931-32 Budget. Their efforts combined with those of the units approved in 1930, were reflected in the grass-seed requirements for sowing in the autumn of 1931. The position at the end of the financial year 1930-31 was as follows, the estimated and actual expenditure being given : —-

Expenditure (Estimated and Actual) to 31st March, 1931.

Of the total shown as actual expenditure, £1,580 was not paid until after the end of the financial year. The Year 1931-32. It was anticipated that in the second year the provision to be made would greatly exceed that of the first year. The Farm Supervisors assisted by the Consolidation Officers were continuously at work from January until the end of March, 1931, taking applications for assistance, analysing and reporting on the same. The number of applications was very heavy and kept mounting up. The

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Name of Scheme. Number of Units. ° T Area i n Pasture. Dairy Cows. A Afiaci A PTIAO Mangonui 79 6,625 2,325 251 Hokianga .. .. .. 58 4,431 2,262 248 Bay of Islands .. .. 61 7,245 2,375 280 Kaipara .. .. .. 14 1,049 485 24 212 19,350 7,447 803

Estimated. Actual. Particulars. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. £ £ Purchase of stock .. .. 1,217 13,540 1,358 11,590 Grass-seed .. .. .. 147f acres 330 2,102 acres 2,222 Fencing material— Wire .. .. .. 1,186 cwt. fl,176cwt. Posts .. .. .. .. [> 1,200 <J 1,025 y 1,268 Strainers .. .. .. .. J 36 J Fertilizers .. .. .. 122 tons 720 120 tons 591 Dairy utensils — Separators .. .. 104 \ C 104 Cans .. .. .. 168 / 1,795 \ 196 J 1,706 Sundries—Implements .. .. .. .. .. 65 Liabilities .. .. .. .. 11 accounts 300 Freights .. .. .. .. .. .. 133 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 705 .. 9 18,290 .. 17,884 Less sales .. .. .. .. .. 240 17,644 Add interest .. .. .. .. 420 Total .. .. 18,290 .. 18,064

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extent of the district and the scattered nature of the properties made the whole undertaking a lengthy and a difficult task. Eventually recommendations were submitted involving an expenditure of £33,300. New units were approved when the estimates were framed and others were added during the year, owing principally to the unemployment situation, increasing the number from 212 in 1930-31 to 456 in 1931-32. The new units brought in additional areas partly improved and stocked, with dwellings and some cow-sheds and yards, while old units increased both pasture and stock and carried out with their own labour subdivisional fencing, draining, and the erection of cow-sheds and yards. Unemployment Contracts. At the beginning of the winter of 1931 the closing-down of railway construction and other public works, the slump in prices for dairy-produce, the inability of European farmers to provide work, together with the failure of the potato and kumara crops, combined to press the northern tribes to ask for measures of relief. It was feared that some of the farms would be neglected, while settlers sought sustenance on unemployment relief works. The Unemployment Board had two months earlier made a special grant for the relief of Maori unemployment and distress through development work in the country, and provision was made from this source to assist the Natives in the North Auckland District. Special officers were detailed to investigate and report on the position, and on their recommendations unemployment contracts subsidized on the basis of the Unemployment Board's No. 4b Scheme were authorized, some on the official development schemes and others for private employers. These contracts are summarized in the following schedule : —

For clearing and preparing 4,303 acres of land, putting in 11 miles 31 chains of drains, splitting 12,000 posts, and erecting 47§ miles of fences the Unemployment Board assisted 602 men of Ngapuhi and other northern tribes and through them numerous families at a cost of less than £3 10s. a head. The cost to loan funds was £3,733, or about £6 2s. a head. These six hundred people did not ask for further assistance from unemployment funds until the winter of the present year. The work they contracted to do would, if others had been asked to do it, have cost half as much again. Actually the assistance rendered in this way inspired them to make such a response as to involve the sowing of nearly 2,600 acres more than were comprised in the contracts. The unemployment factor caused a variation in detail from the authorized estimates, but the actual expenditure over the two financial years ending the 31st of March, 1932, was kept close to the total approved by Cabinet.

Units assisted, Area occupied and stocked, as at 31st March, 1932.

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Nature of Work, Cost, Subsidy, &c. ! ) s m0nt Private Employers. Total. I Bushfelling .. .. .. 1,558 acres .. 589 acres .. 2,147 acres. Scrub-cutting .. .. .. 1,051 acres .. 344 acres. .. 1,395 acres. Clearing gorse, stumping, grubbing, &c. 587f acres .. 150 acres .. 737f acres. Ploughing.. .. .. 24 acres .. .. 24 acres. Draining .. .. .. .. 911 chains .. .. 911 chains. Fencing— Erecting .. .. .. 3,044 chains .. 779 chains 3,823 chains. Splitting .. .. .r 10,900 posts .. 1,000 posts .. 11,900 posts. Splitting .. .. .. 1,000 battens .. .. 1,000 battens. Splitting .. .. 10 strainers .. .. 10 strainers. Palings for cow-shed .. .. 500 .. .. .. 500. Total cost.. .. .. .. £5,289 2s. 6d. .. £1,429 2s. 6d. .. £6,718 5s. Subsidy .. .. .. .. £1,555 13s. 9d. £514 0s. lOd. .. £2,069 14s. 7d. Total number of men employed .. 490 .. .. 112 .. .. 602.

Particulars. Mangonui. Hokianga. Bay of Islands. Kaipara. ' Total. ! 1930 units .. .. .. 79 58 61 14 212 1931 units .. .. .. 52 62 103 25 242 456 Area owned or occupied (Acres) 11,664 9,779 19,929 3,691 45,063 Area originally in grass (Acres) 3,952 5,018 6,095 1,930 16,995 Area developed and grassed— 1930-31 .. .. (Acres) .. .. .. .. 2,102 1931-32 .. .. (Acres) .. .. .. .. 5,780 Dairy-cows — 1930, units own .. .. 251 248 280 24 803 1931, units own .. .. 340 443 709 116 1,608 Authorized, 1930 .. .. 444 365 313 93 1,215 Authorized, 1931 .. .. 400 575 726 182 1,883 Total stock .. 1,435 1,631 2,028 415 5,509

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Actually the number of dairy cattle bought for units in the two seasons was 3,412 head, making the total with stock they brought into the schemes and which became security with the rest for development loans, 5,823 head, without counting yearlings and calves. The area of land in pasture of sorts brought under the various schemes by the owners or occupiers thereof was 16,995 acres. Much of this has been improved and reconditioned with fertilizers and the plough, and properly fenced and subdivided. The area of new land broken into pasture by the 31st of March, 1932, is estimated at 7,882 acres, which necessitated the purchase and distribution of 237,437 lb. of seed, costing £8,827. Estimates, 1931-32. As already stated, the estimates submitted by the field officers of expenditure proposed for the year ending the 31st March, 1932, involved the sum of £33,300. But, in common with those of other schemes in various parts of the Dominion, these were reduced to accord with the reduced allocation of Treasury funds for Native-land development. The appropriation for the North Auckland District was reduced to £28,000. Over the two financial years the Cabinet authorizations were £46,290. Total Expenditure to 31st March, 1932. At the 31st March, 1932, the position reached was as follows : — Development contracts — Bushfelling, scrub - cutting, clearing gorse, £ s. d. £ s. d. stumping, &c., draining, cultivation, and fencing .. .. .. .. 3,808 10 0 Less unemployment subsidies collected 1,161 5 2 2,647 4 10 Supply of fencing material (including posts, 3,6l9fcwt. wire, staples, &c.) .. .. 3,974 16 6 Less unemployment subsidy towards splitting 73 17 5 3,900 19 1 Purchase of grass-seed, 238,834 lb. .. .. 8,873 7 6 Less sales 1,397 lb. .. .. 46 3 9 8,827 3 9 237,437 lb. Other seed .. .. .. .. .. .. 70 17 6 Purchase of fertilizers, 713| tons .. .. .. 3,732 15 8 Building material .. .. .. .. .. 428 15 6 Purchase of stock — 3,412 cows and heifers \ 05 607 10 10 192 bulls f " 200 sheep .. •• • • • • 120 7 3 2 horses .. .. • • • ■ 30 0 0 25,757 18 1 Dairy utensils — 201 separators \ __ 3,151 15 3 414 cans / Farm implements . . ■ • • • • ■ • • ' Discharge of liabilities (fifty-seven accounts) .. 3,20z Miscellaneous (including fees for registration of bills of sale, unapportioned freights, foreman's wages, leasehold land, potato-cultivation, loose tools) .. 895 18 1 Less sundry credits .. • • ■ • 250 8 9 I—— o~rO y T 52,953 13 3 Add balance interest .. • • • • • • 1 9 2 54,854 2 5 Less repayment of advances by settlers .. 6,370 3 2 Less outstanding at 31st March, 1932 •• 2,361 5 7 — o, /01 o y £46,122 13 8 In development work over such an extensive territory as North vouchers able delay between the field data on which payments are ma e a 1? to have been through the appropriate Departments. The cost of muc wor wic _ ,in the figures completed before the 31st of March last (the results of which have been m the figures registered as a set-off against expenditure), and the cost of much material purchasedand suppl ed before th°at date have not been taken into account in the above total. There is more, development operations in the month of March than 111 any o er moi y , created accounts at the end of that month a complete picture showing the expendrture and th' ssets c thereby cannot be given. It is hoped, however that with development ■^ the field officers will make a complete survey of the position to the end of the present financial jear.

2—G. 10.

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Sufficient information is available to justify the claim that at the 31st March, 1932, the funds of the Native Land Settlement Account were more than sufficiently secured on 24,877 acres of fair to good pasture, to say nothing of 20,000 acres of unimproved land, with buildings and fences on the improved lands and 5,800 cows in milk, not to mention younger cattle and bulls, and the utensils and equipment of a large number of dairy-farms. The assisted Maoris were supplying cream to fourteen factories, and their repayments on account of advances amounted by the end of March, 1932, to £6,370, representing 12j per cent, on the whole outlay. But as only £1,900 interest came to charge during the period a substantial part of the repayments was credited to principal. Wider considerations arise from the study in detail of the Maori problems of the North Auckland District. The Native population, which was 15,227 at the census of 1926, was estimated at the Ist of April of this year at 16,680, an increase of 1,453 ; or if Eden County with the city and boroughs within its administrative area were included the population which was 16,188 in 1926 increased to 17,790 at the beginning of this financial year, the increase being 1,602. When the Maori population was declining a generation and a half ago policies which were adapted to a condition of depopulation appeared reasonable, if deplorable. The loss of ancestral lands might be offset by a corresponding decline in the numbers of the race, who depended for their maintenance on the revenues from those lands or by an appreciation in the value of the reduced area. The marked increase in the Maori population, now definitely established by the Statistics Office, is a new factor that confronts not only the administrator of Native affairs, but also those who administer the social services of the country, particularly health and education. What course should policy take to avoid the expansion of an element popularly reputed to be inefficient and yet regarded by popular sentiment as the ward of the State ? The Maori has yet to prove that apart from land he can fit in to the increasingly difficult and complex economy of a young and virile Western community. To the extent that he will draw sustenance from his own land so will he reduce the difficulties of the guardian State. "B." WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT. Next in geographical order, but not in the order in which development by the Native Department under the legislation of 1929 was undertaken, comes the territory south of Auckland, which for the administration of Native lands is organized under the Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Land Board. For the purposes of this statement it may be conveniently subdivided into three parts, as follows:— (1) Waikato proper, comprising the region from the Tamaki Isthmus in the north to the Puniu River (just south of Kihikihi) in the south, thence following the Waikato confiscation line to a little north of Kawhia on the west. The Thames and Coromandel districts are excluded. (2) Maniapoto or King-country, comprising what is known as the Rohe-Potae, and lying south of Waikato proper. A portion extends into the Taranaki Land District, and portions of the West Taupo lands are also included. (3) Hauraki, or the Thames and Coromandel districts. Tribally this was the ancestral territory of the descendants of the crew of the Tainui canoe, which formed the most numerous and most powerful confederation of tribes in the country. The history of the troubles and war in the Waikato, which led to the confiscation of a great part of the tribal lands, is one of the dark pages in the record of New Zealand. It is referred to here briefly, because in the aftermath of the Waikato War and resulting confiscation of Waikato lands successive Governments have found a real barrier to that goodwill and friendly co-operation without which no progress can be made, whether it be in education or hygiene or the cultivation of lands or other adjustment to the economic and social system of to-day. No earnest student of native affairs in this part of the Dominion can overlook this historical factor and the implications both material and psychological that flow from it. There is still bitterness and resentment; there is suspicion and distrust; there is an attitude of contemptuous scepticism towards law and government, which though not broken in the letter are avoided as things that formerly were associated with force and oppression. The grievances of the Waikato tribes have surrounded with the halo of martyrdom the descendants of Potatau te Wherowhero, himself the paramount chief of those tribes and their leader in the intertribal wars of the early part of the nineteenth century. Selected to be the first " Maori King, the title has passed through the direct male line to Tawhiao, thence to Mahuta, thence to his greatgrandson, Te Rata Mahuta. Among the Waikato people, throughout the Waikato-Maniapoto land district, and among sections of the Maori tribes beyond that territory, Te Rata Mahuta and members of his family exercise an influence which Europeans may find it difficult to understand, but which is nevertheless real and powerful. Those who have advocated from the public platform or from their benches in the Houses of Parliament or from editorial armchairs or from the halls of commerce or of agriculture that the Maori must use the remnant of his lands or lose it do not always allow for these factors, which present substantial obstacles to the execution of policies. 1. Waikato (pbofer). In the Waikato proper, the first division of the land district under review, it may be accepted as fundamental that no great progress can be made in regard to the development of Native-owned lands without the support and goodwill of Te Rata Mahuta and members of the Potatau family. In the statement on Native-land development presented to Parliament in the second session of 1931

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(parliamentary paper G.-10, 1931) emphasis was laid on tribal custom and leadership as factors in the success or failure of Maori undertakings, and attention directed to indications that representatives of chieftain lines were displaying in the field of modern industry qualities of energetic leadership for which their forbears were noted in other days. So much may be said by way of preface to the story of the remarkable achievements of Te Puea Herangi, a chieftainess of the Potatau family and a first, cousin of Te Rata Mahuta, and of the willing co-operation by precept and action rendered by Te Rata himself and his younger brothers in furthering the policy of land-development throughout Waikato and the Kingcountry. Te Puea had shown in the establishment of the Maori village at Ngaruawahia exceptional gifts of leadership, organization, and business control. With slender resources, and a poorly equipped following of orphan, homeless, and landless folk, but with indomitable spirit and determination, she succeeded in erecting a marae of the first rank, with large buildings to accommodate assemblies that would restore the prestige and mana of the paramount family, culminating in the construction of the Mahinarangi carved runanga house. Then came the problem of maintaining jthe marae*and all that it implied, including the entourage of men, women, and children whose fortunes were linked with it and its creator. Te Puea was advised to go further and to organize the land resources of such of her people as would follow her lead. This is by way of introduction to the development-work undertaken under the auspices of Te Puea Herangi by her immediate following at Waiuku. During the session of 1928 provision had been made by Parliament in the Native Land Amendment, &c., Act, whereby Native land could be placed by order of the Native Land Court for development under the administration of a Maori Land Board and to be financed from its funds. Waiuku Lands: Waipipi (Te Hakona) and Kaihau (Tahuna) Schemes. On representations made by the Franklin County Council to the then Minister of Lands (now Prime Minister) that certain Native-owned lands near Waiuku, situated in the midst of high-producing European farms, were not paying rates, but were overrun with noxious weeds, which were a menace to surrounding lands, the matter was taken up by the Native Department. Inspections were made, whicb showed that the lands in question could be economically developed and made highly productive if guidance and supervision, together with reasonable finance, were provided. Proceedings were taken under subsection (13) of section 3 of the Native Land Amendment, &c., Act, 1928, on the Native Minister's application, and the Native Land Court made an order declaring that the above lands should be subject to the provisions of the said Act. This placed them under the administration of the Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Land Board, and authorized the Board to apply its funds to the development and farming of the same. Te Puea and her community were placed on the lands to develop them. Work was commenced on Waipipi (Te Hakona) on the 20th September, 1929, the Ngaruawahia people having been transferred thither with part of the supply of potatoes left over from the large meeting held in the previous autumn to celebrate the opening of Mahinarangi carved house. The following account is supplied by an officer of the Native Department who visited the settlement a few weeks after its commencement : — "Te Puea is quite enthusiastic about the place. The supply of potatoes from Ngaruawahia will serve her and her people for many months to come. There are various sources of kinaki (relishes) there. Prom the sea within a stone's throw of the cottage and farm they get pipis, mussels, oysters, and tupa, to say nothing of the abundant supply of flounders, which the young folk nightly obtain. From the fresh-water streams near by they get eels. Mullet is plentiful. lam satisfied that the scheme will take on like hot cakes. The ohu or working-bee idea is being developed by Te Puea, and her example will go a long way in inducing other Waikatos to fall in with the scheme." The organization of the working-bee was a novel one in regard to official land-development. It has already been described on page xx of Gr.-10, 1931, and may be referred to here as the Waiuku system of land-development, " the chief characteristics of which are the selection of a member or members of a family or group to represent it on the official pay-roll and the application of the sustenance wage to the food account of the group while engaged on the development of its land." The sustenance rate fixed at Waiuku and applied to the Waipipi (Te Hakona) scheme was 6s. a day, and six members of the Ngaruawahia party were placed on the pay-roll, including the mechanic who operated the tractor and tractor implements, the driver of the communal motor-lorry, and men who were expert carpenters, as well as competent scrub-cutters, drainers, and so forth. The combined sustenance allowance sufficed to obtain pakeha food not only for the men on the pay-roll, but also for the young men and women who assisted in all operations. When the land was being ploughed with tractor-drawn implements, employing one expert Maori mechanic, the rest of the party were busy in front of the plough clearing scrub or stumping and grubbing or filling in gum-holes, with which the surface was closely pitted. Behind the plough a party of young women pulled up roots and heaped them up for firewood, or gathered kauri-gum brought to the surface. " The development work commenced on the 20th September, 1929, with scrub-cutting, the fillingin of gum-holes, and the erection of a cottage. Ploughing began on the 16th October, and in thirtyfive working-days an area equal to 262 acres was completed, including the necessary ploughing of 135 chains of road frontage. The average area ploughed per day was a little over 8 acres, at a wage cost of 6s. a day. The total sustenance wages earned were £96 ; the gum (picked up after the plough) produced £104. It was an illustration of the working-bee or ohu operating under an energetic hereditary chieftainess, who spared neither herself nor her people in the new sphere of productive effort." This detailed account of the commencement of the development of lands at Waiuku by a section of the Waikato people under a daughter of the house of Potatau is given in order that the organization of the schemes operating in the northern and middle portions of the Waikato-Maniapoto

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Maori Land District may be properly understood. European supervision lias been available from the beginning to secure the pursuit of a proper plan of development or the selection of suitable material and stock, but the inspiration of the community to quick, inexpensive, yet efficient work has been provided by their energetic and autocratic chieftainess. By the beginning of February, 1930, work had advanced on Waipipi (Te Hakona) sufficiently to enable that area to be grassed and ring-fenced, and for a section of the working-bee to be detached to commence operations on the Kaihau (Tahuna) scheme. Although this land was of better quality and aspect than that at Te Hakona, it was badly infested with blackberry and gorse. Since the death of Henare Kaihau it had been sadly neglected, and a large sum had accrued for rates to the Franklin County Council. Kaihau's family could not handle the property, and it was decided to hand it over to Te Puea and her people. By this time other sections of the Waikato Tribe living near Tuakau, at the Waikato Heads and Opuatia, were clamouring to have their lands brought under the new system of land-development. The Native Land Amendment, &c., Act, 1929, had passed Parliament, and for the first time in the history of the Dominion extended to the development and farming of Native-owned lands assistance from State loan funds. On the advice of Te Puea the provisions of the new Act were applied to lands at Onewhero and Opuatia, which were grouped together under the title of the Onewhero Development Scheme. While the administration was delegated to the Maori Land Board of the district, the finance was provided from the Native Land Settlement Account. The Onewhero scheme has been extended from time to time, and at the end of last financial year embraced lands at Koheroa and Waikarakia, on the eastern side of the Waikato River, as well as at Onewhero and Opuatia. To all these the Waiuku system was applied, and the organization and direction were placed under Te Puea. The owners of the lands thus brought under the development schemes insisted on this system of control, and the Department saw no reason, after the experience at Waiuku, why their wishes should not be met. Representations had also been made by members of Te Rata's family at Waahi (Huntly) that their lands should be developed under the new scheme, and an area of 358 acres situated near Rakaumanga was gazetted towards the end of the 1930 financial year. One of these was owned by Te Rata himself and his brothers, and by agreement among them was placed in the occupation of Tonga Mahuta. During the financial year 1931-32 the Waahi scheme was enlarged by the purchase of a small section from a European, and by the addition of another section at Rotowaro owned by the Mahuta family, which was in the occupation of Tumate Mahuta, another of Te Rata's brothers. The " Maori King " thus placed himself and members of his family at the head of the development movement in the Waikato district, and by this action, as well as by personal advice to leaders of the various subtribes, signified his approval of the new measure and his desire for the hearty practical support of his people. Confiscation and sales to Europeans have reduced the land holdings of the Waikato Tribe to small scattered areas. In many cases the only lands are reserves set aside by the Crown, the ownership of which is so congested as to make it impracticable to subdivide or individualize. The policy of consolidation described in the part of this statement relating to the North Auckland lands was not applicable to the middle and northern Waikato lands ; but it was thought that similar ends might be reached so far as development and occupation were concerned by arrangement among the owners, which could be given effect to under authority of the development legislation. A large section of the tribe was practically landless. The Waikato tribesman is a hard worker, of great physical strength and endurance, who has been forced through at least the last three generations to endure hardships and great privations. He has been engaged in draining, stumping, grubbing, and clearing land for the European farmer, or making roads for local bodies or the Government, or erecting fences, building houses, planting, weeding, or digging potatoes, or assisting in harvesting or other seasonal farming operations. As Te Rata put it when discussing the possibilities of his fellow tribesmen becoming settlers and farmers, " Waikatos have been farming all their lives, but not for themselves. They have now the opportunity on what land remain to them of farming for themselves." The standard of living among the Waikato may be low, but it has been enforced by circumstances. The aims of the people are high, and in their past history they have shown great constructive capacity. In their buildings and the lay-out of their villages, wherever their resources have permitted them, they have endeavoured to make both constructions spacious enough for the periodical tribal gatherings. The cookhouses are the largest in Maoridom, while the great halls and dining-rooms at Ngaruawahia are striking evidence of the large-scale conceptions of the Waikato leaders. This factor should be borne in mind by any one who questions the capacity of these leaders to visualize the scope of land-settlement as applied to the tribal conditions. They have confidence in the ability of their people to perform every operation relating to the breaking-in of land ; they are assured of the loyal support and co-operation of all units ; they have been compelled to make use of every resource that did not involve the one thing beyond their reach, money ; and the people have ceased to question the publicly expressed word of their paramount chief and hereditary leader. Development costs are higher on the Waikato schemes than on those of the North Auckland district for several reasons. The Nga-Puhi brought under the northern schemes lands partially improved, built on, and stocked. In regard to the lands at Waiuku, Te Puea and her community have had to break in unimproved land, to grass, fence, build, and stock. Costs should be compared rather with those of the district in which she operates, and on that basis the results achieved are very satisfactory. A higher standard of building is required in an environment surrounded by high-class European farms. The Waipipi and Kaihau farms have been very closely subdivided, the former into five farms of an average area of 56 acres. This has meant heavy cost for building, fencing, plant, and equipment.

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The following is a summary of lands brought under development schemes in the Waikato area proper

1. Waikato (proper).—Summary of Lands under Development.

The details of expenditure are set out in tlie schedules to this statement. The following comments may be made on each scheme :— (a) Waipipi (Te Hakona). At the 31st March, 1932, the development of this block may be said to have been completed, and the milking or trading account to be in full operation. The assets were valued for the purposes of the balance-sheet as follow :— £ s. d. Permanent pasture (272 acres) .. ... .. . . .. 1 849 18 0 Roading .. .. .. .. .. .. '' '16 0 0 Fencing (555 chains) .. .. .. .. . . _ _ 572 io 5 ' Water-supply .. .. .. .. .. ] ] 218 18 11 Buildings : 1 five-roomed house, 4 three-roomed houses, 5 milkingsheds, and 1 implement-shed and outbuildings .. .. 1,309 11 5 Installing electricity for houses and sheds .. .. ~ 111 8 10 3 milking-machines and dairy utensils .. .. .. .. 341 ig j Implements and harness .. .. .. .. . _ 134 16 5 Tools •• •• •• .. .. .. 527 Working-horses (3) .. .. . . .. ~ _ 57 2 6 Stock : 105 cows and heifers, 2 bulls, and 25 heifer calves .. .. 1,122 14 0 • 5,739 19 8 -Less value of calves .. .. .. ~ .. 31 5 0 £5,708 14 8 The trading account from the Ist August, 1930, when milking commenced, to the 31 st March, 1932 showed a production of £1,358 17s. lOd. for butterfat, £56 10s. 3d. for calves and heifers sold, and' £11 19s. 6d. for hay sold. Jhe value of hay and calves in hand was £196 ss. The farm account paid Board interest £537 10s. 4d. from the Ist October, 1930, to March, 1932, and all rates. The excess of income over expenditure was £208 9s. Bd., which went to reduce the capital account. This farm has been placed for the current year on a reduction basis ; it is required after meeting running-expenses to reduce the capital account by £250. Reporting on the position of the scheme at the end of last financial year, the officer in charge of development said, " The Waipipi scheme has now reached the stage when it should be relied upon to procure its own requirements in the maintenance of pastures, fences, buildings, drains, water-supply, and stock." (b) Kaihau (Tahuna). Work in this area was commenced early in February, 1930, when preliminary development work on the Waipipi (Te Hakona) scheme allowed of the release of workers and implements. The same methods were adopted on the latter scheme in regard to the main or Tahuna area as in the case of Waipipi. Gorse and blackberry were rapidly cleared and the ground ploughed, and a cottage was erected for Te Puea and her household. The expenditure up to the 31st March, 1931, was £1,830 13s. 6d., and up to the 31st March, 1932, £4,357 os. 5d., details of which are set out in the schedules to this statement.

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Scheme Arpa Expenditure to Expenditure to ' 31st March, 1931. 31st March, 1932. ... _. A. B. P. £ s. d. i £ s. d. (x) .financed by Maori Land Board — Waipipi (Te Hakona) .. .. .. 282 0 0 4,883 13 4 5,708 14 8 Kaihau (Tahuna) .. .. .. .. 457 1 37 1,830 13 6 4,357 0 5 (11) Financed from the Native Land Settlement Account— Onewhero .. .. .. .. 4,739 312 566 0 0 5,106 4 9 Waahi (Huntly) .. .. .. .. 671 1 32 .. 1,370 0 7 Total ■■ •• 6,150 3 01 7,280 6 10 16,542 0 5

G. 10.

The position at the 31st March, 1932, was that five units were in occupation, and improvements had been effected which were valued by the Maori Land Board as follows Acres. Area cleared and grassed .. .. .. .. 190 Area cleared and put into crops .. .. .. 10 Area cleared and ploughed for sowing .. .. 129 Value. £ s. d. 329 1,687 10 6 Buildings : 1 seven-roomed house, 3 four-roomed cottages, 4 milkingsheds, and 1 implement-shed, and outhouses .. .. 1,101 13 6 1 milking-machine and dairy equipment.. .. . . .. 122 7 5 Installing electricity .. .. .. .. .. .. 80 8 9 Implements and harness .. .. .. . . .. 190 16 0 Tools .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 5 10 1 horse .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 900 Dairy stock : 60 heifers and cows, 4 bulls, 17 springing heifers, and 27 calves .. .. .. .. .. .. 614 1 11 Hay.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 108 0 0 £4,498 15 5 The trading account from the Ist August, 1931, to the 31st March, 1932, showed receipts from butterfat and sale of calves as £455 18s., and the value of heifer calves and hay on hand as £141 15s. The expenditure was £104 13s. sd. for Board interest, and working-expenses £241 4s. 3d., and the excess of income over expenditure was £251 15s. 4d. The debt to the Board stood at the 31st March, 1932, at £4,247 0. Id. Compared with Waipipi (Te Hakona) the development costs of the Kaihau scheme were lower in regard to fertilizers, fencing, seed, motor-spirit and oils, water-supply, and stock. Materials and seed for this scheme were purchased under the Department's system of bulk purchase, and prices for manure, wire, rye-grass and cocksfoot, and dairy stock had fallen appreciably since the beginning of 193,0, when the Waipipi block was at the peak of its development. This scheme has been financed entirely by the Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Land Board out of its own funds. The farm account has been placed on a reduction basis, being required to meet workingexpenses, interest, and rates, and to reduce capital by £250 this year. (c) Onewhero. This scheme combines features of the North Auckland and Waiuku systems of development. It is a " blanket scheme," covering a group of units at Onewhero, Opuatia, and opposite Mercer on the west side of the Waikato River, and at Waikarakia and Koheroa on the east side. The keeping of separate unit accounts is involved, but authorizations by Cabinet are made for the summarized requirements of all within the scheme. Detailed supervision is the most important connecting-link in the organization. The Waiuku system of development is applied, a sustenance-allowance being made to selected members of families while actually engaged in the various development operations. This is the first scheme in the Waikato area to receive assistance from State loan funds, the Waiuku schemes being financed by the Maori Land Board. The administration was delegated to the Board, and its supervision placed under Te Puea at the request of the Native owners. Active operations were commenced during February, 1931, and as in the case of the North Auckland schemes the requirements were mainly for materials, seed, manure, and tools. The wage bill to the end of March, 1931, was £104 6s. for fencing, clearing, draining, roadmaking, and sundries. During the 1931-32 financial year great progress was made, the number of units in occupation of sections mounting to thirty-four. The details of expenditure are shown in the schedules. The net expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £5,106 4s. 9d. The area estimated to have been cleared and prepared for sowing and partly laid down in grass was 920 acres ; there were between sixteen and seventeen miles of fencing completed or in course of erection ; provision had been made for top-dressing the new pastures and crops, while the scheme had purchased the following stock and plant:— £ s. d. 68 cows, 7 heifers, 4 bulls .. .. .. .. .. 517 19 10 15 horses .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 129 10 0 1 tractor (transferred from Waiuku) .. . . .. .. 257 19 6 1 truck .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 274 13 4 Farm implements .. .. .. .. .. .. 321 13 1 Farm accessories .. .. .. ~ .. .. 158 13 3 Loose tools .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 16 6 Building-materials .. .. .. .. .. .. 276 6 4 £1,993 11 10 The wage bill for the period was £880 3s. 4d., after allowing for a small subsidy from unemployment funds. Of this amount the drivers of the tractor and truck accounted for £100 9s. 6d. The bill for motor-spirit and oils came to £271 17s. Bd., and for repairs to implements, truck, and tractor to

14

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£140 13s. lid. The truck earned a credit of £43 2s. 9d. The scattered nature of the units comprising the scheme entailed a good deal of expense in truck-running and transport of implements. It was decided during the year to use horses and horse-drawn implements. Notwithstanding these items of expenditure it is probable that the various subdivisions of the Onewhero scheme will be brought into production at a lower average cost than the Waiuku schemes. (d) Waahi (Huntly). Although only a small area, 671J acres in all, is involved the importance of this scheme lies in the fact that Te Rata Mahuta and three of his brothers have thereby engaged to place themselves and the great influence exercised by their family throughout the Waikato-Maniapoto district and beyond it behind the movement for the development of Native lands. A feature of the scheme is that members of the Waikato tribe who are employed on lands farmed by Te Rata's family will not accept wages, although the Department has offered assistance in this respect. An area of 69§ acres near the Waahi Settlement was purchased to enlarge the dairyable lands and to provide ground for potato-cultivation. This has been stocked with dairy cows, a shed built, fences have been erected, and the farm equipped with labour, material, and stock contributed by the Waikato and Maniapoto tribes', who wish to assist Te Rata. Other than the purchase of the land mentioned, the assistance from Native-land-development funds up to the 31st March, 1932, has been confined to fencing-material, seed, fertilizers, and stock. The expenditure was as follows : — £ s. d. £ s. d. Wire .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 10 7 Fertilizers .. .. .. .. .. 30 14 0 Seed .. .. .. .. 1 16 0 15 cows and heifers and 1 bull .. . . 176 2 8 Petrol .. .. .. .. 1116 — 220 14 9 Purchase of land (69f acres) .. .. .. .. 1,174 10 8 1,395 5 5 Less repayments by settlers .. .. .. .'. 25 4 10 £1,370 0 7 Apart from the purchase the only expenditure has been on Lot 171 a, Parish of Pepepe, occupied by Tonga Mahuta. The area cleared of manuka, fern, and blackberry, partly stumped, ploughed, and worked up was 43 acres. There were already in fair pasture and in rough feed 48 acres. Ten acres were put into permanent pasture, and 29 acres into crops, and the whole top-dressed. The fencing, including repairs, was 236 chains, and draining 30 chains. The scheme purchased fifteen in-calf heifers, which were milked last season, and one pedigree bull. In addition there are on the property, without cost to development funds, one seven-roomed house and one three-roomed, a whare, a cow-shed, and out-buildings. Tonga possesses a full supply of farm implements and two lorries. Regarding the labour element in development, the Field Officer reported : — " The work on the property is undertaken by ten men under the personal direction of Tonga Mahuta himself, and all have recently been engaged on the wattle-cutting and grubbing work at Te Kauwhata . . . The ' tuckering 'of these workers and other members of the household is one of those mysteries that can only be understood by one well versed in the ways of the Waikato people, and in their conception of the term ' loyalty.' I broached the subject of wages or a sustenance allowance to Tonga again. The men will not work if in the slightest degree they would by doing so be adding extra cost to the development of the property. All the workers are registered under the Unemployment Act, and most of the work they are doing is entitled to assistance from the Unemployment Fund ; but the workers will not conform to the conditions entitling the employer to a subsidy." At Rotowaro some distance away, on Lot 78b 2 (part), Parish of Pepepe, another brother of Te Rata, Tumate Mahuta, is occupying one of the family blocks, an area of 290| acres. It is well watered, has rich river flats and easy hills, 110 acres of which are in fair pasture, but requiring top-dressing with fertilizers, some reconditioning and subdivision. The land was added to the Waahi scheme at the end of the financial year 1931-32, but no expenditure was incurred on the block until the current year. Tumate was milking thirty-nine cows, which were secured by bill of sale to a dairy company. 2. Maniapoto oe King-country. In parliamentary paper G.-Ib, 1907, the Native Land Commission appointed to inquire into the question of Native lands and Native-land tenure reviewed in detail the position of Native lands in the King-country up to that year. Although a section of the Ngati-Maniapoto Tribe, which inhabited and owned the King-country territory, took part with Waikato in the Waikato War, only a small portion of the Maniapoto lands was involved in the confiscation. The bitterness engendered by the war, however, led to the locking-up of the latter for upwards of a generation, so that the Courts could not investigate the titles to the lands, without which no settlement of any kind could be undertaken. It was the prosecution of the North Island Main Trunk Railway that influenced the Government of the day to treat with the King-country chiefs for the submission of their lands to the jurisdiction of the Native Land Court. This investigation covered 3,500,000 acres of land held by the Maniapoto and associated tribes, including Whanganui, and the Ngati-Tuwharetoa Tribe of Taupo. The area

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finally awarded to Maniapoto was 1,844,780 acres. Parliament when providing for the ascertainment of titles also prohibited the alienation of lands within the area except to the Crown. The owners were not permitted to sell, lease, or otherwise render the lands available for settlement, except by selling to the Crown practically on the latter's own # terms. The Crown commenced to purchase in 1892, and by 1907 had acquired 753,215 acres at a cost of £177,685, or an average of 4s. 6d. an acre. From the year 1900 onwards leases and timber-cutting rights were permitted, and in 1907 over 185,000 acres had been alienated in that manner. In 1907, therefore, the Maniopoto Tribe had parted with more than one-half of its lands. European settlement in a new district with great possibilities coming at the period of the most active development throughout the Auckland Province introduced a land boom. The Native population enjoyed substantial revenues from rents and royalties and from the periodical sale of lands to the Crown or private individuals. There was no need for or incentive to farming, although here and there some progressive and thrifty individuals used the capital resulting from sales or leases to farm some of the lands they still retained. An estimate made in 1929, although incomplete, showed that one hundred Maoris of the Maniapoto Tribe were milking herds totalling 2,500 head. Some were engaged in sheep-farming, but no figures are available to show the extent of that activity. There is no doubt that whatever inclination there may have been among Ngati-Maniapoto towards farming and agricultural pursuits —and they are a very alert and intelligent people—their circumstances did not favour its exploitation ; the easily acquired and abundant supply of money derived from the alienation of their lands was for the time ample for their needs. During the Great War the Native owners of the sites of the townships of Taumarunui, Te Kuiti, and Otorohanga sold the freehold thereof to the Crown. The rent revenues derived from these township leases were very considerable but ceased with the sale, and when the proceeds of the sale were exhausted many families found themselves in poor circumstances. Other factors came into play after the war. The post-war depression revealed the unsoundness of many of the leaseholds, both Native and Crown, and led to investigations by a Deteriorated Lands Commission in the case of Crown leaseholds, and by a special Commission in the case of Native leaseholds. A considerable number of lessees of both classes of land abandoned their holdings. The timber industry felt the full force of the depression. The prevailing economic difficulties seriously affected the finances of local bodies, and were further accentuated by the non-payment of rates on Native lands. Towards the end of last decade the resources on which the Maniapoto people had hitherto depended were visibly and rapidly declining. Government and private finance for the purchase of freehold lands had been almost exhausted ; the rents of Native lands in the King-country were being scaled down ; standards of living attained during times of prosperity were difficult to reduce in accord with the shrinkage in revenue ; and the people had not so far been constrained to utilize the lands which they retained. Matters came to a head when the pressure from local bodies in regard to Native rates led the Government in 1927 to survey conditions in the King-country and other districts. The steps taken were similar to those adopted in regard to North Auckland and already detailed earlier in this statement. Consolidation of Titles. A scheme for the consolidation of interests in Native lands was applied to the King-country at the same time as to other districts. The Consolidation Officers were confronted at the outset with many difficulties, mostly psychological. It was not an uncommon experience to find sections of the people hostile to any policy at variance with the procedure of the Native Land Court, to which they had become accustomed. In some quarters the work was looked upon with suspicion, and was retarded in consequence. The arithmetic of the problem was complicated enough without the discordant human factors. The lands affected by the consolidation schemes are as follow : —

It will be noted that there were 6,122 separate titles affected, or 643 more than the aggregate of the titles that came under the North Auckland consolidation schemes; on the other hand, the entries of the names of individual owners were nearly fifty thousand less than in the northern schemes. In regard to valuations, the Consolidation staff experienced some difficulty on account of a practice of the Valuation Department in grouping a number of Native-owned lands under one assessment. As these lands varied in quality and extent of improvements, the values of interests in each title for consolidation purposes could not be arrived at without distribution by special valuations.

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„ , . Number Number Soheme - Area - of Titles. of Owners. A. E. P. Waitomo (comprising Waitomo, part Otorohanga, and 270,422 0 16 r 15,409 part Taumarunui Counties, and Te Kuiti Borough) Otorohanga (comprising part Otorohanga and part Waipa 91,600 0 15 6,871 Counties, and Otorohanga Town Board District) f 6,122 <J Kawhia (comprising Kawhia and part Raglan Counties) 33,313 0 19 3,314 Hauaroa (comprising part Taumarunui and part Ohura 11,789 1 9 986 Counties, and Taumarunui Borough) J [_ Total .. .. .. .. 407,124 2 19 6,122 26,580

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Rate Compromises. In regard to outstanding rates, compromises were made with the various local bodies during 1928. Settlements in all cases, with the exception of the Mangapu Drainage Board, were made to the 31st of March, 1930. Waitomo and Kawhia Counties, however, on the expiry of the Orders in Council exempting Native lands in those districts from payment of rates, recognizing the difficulties confronting the Native Department in carrying out its task, offered to allow the exemption to extend to the end of March, 1931. The rate settlement with the Mangapu Drainage Board comes under a different category. In this case the Board was a newly constituted body and its commitments were fixed to an amount wjiich would meet interest and a 1-per-cent. sinking fund on a loan which had been sanctioned bf the Local Bodies' Loans Board. It was not a compromise, but for the purpose of the consolidation scheme the payment became a charge on the titles concerned, to be taken into account in awards of lands to the Crown and in the assessment of the net values of the interests of individual owners. The following are the particulars of the various settlements :—

Survey Liens. In regard to King-country lands the position of survey liens was as follows

Tie inter-departmental Committee which inquired into survey liens on Native lands recommended the remission of principal and interest amounting to £12,682 18s. 3d., leaving to be paid in cash or land by the Natives interested the sum of £6,431. This amount has to be added to the £16,630 paid in settlement of rates, and will be apportioned by the Consolidation Officers to the various titles concerned. Successions. Consolidation Proposals. The number of succession orders made under consolidation to date are 6,500. The consolidation proposals in this district require to be advanced as soon as possible to the stage where orders of the Court in confirmation of the same can be made. This is to obviate complications which may arise from alienations taking place affecting the lands the subject of such proposals, and necessitating the revision of the data on which such proposals are based. It was found necessary to prohibit alienation in respect of the lands in some of the subdivisions of the consolidation scheme. The work of the Consolidation staff is also delayed on account of most of the family units being scattered about the district. This often necessitates prolonged negotiations between the parties concerned. LAND-DEVELOPMENT. It was obvious that the pressure for the settlement of Natives upon lands in the King-country did not come from the Natives themselves. It was suggested as a solution to many difficulties, including the payment of rates. The inspections of lands in the districts between Otorohanga and Kawhia, between Te Kuiti and Mokau, and between Te Kuiti and Taumarunui showed the great extent of developable lands ; but, at conferences with the communities which owned them, wide 3—G. 10.

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t „„„i : ye Years' Rates One Year, , , ,, . , , Local Body. I to 31st March, 1930. : 1930-31. Settled to £ £ £ £ Otorohanga .. .. 8,227 2,056 10,283 2,000 31/3/30 Taumarunui (part) .. 1,535 385 1,920 1,000 31/3/30 Ohura .. .. .. 461 115 576 140 31/3/30 Te Kuiti Borough ... 2,631 660 3,291 1,000 31/3/30 Taumarunui Borough .. 3,111 753 3,864 1,000 31/3/30 Waipa (part) .. .. 506 126 632 150 31/3/30 Waitomo .. .. 23,064 5,765 28,829 7,000 31/3/30 Kawhia .. .. 10,669 2,667 13,336 3,130 31/3/31 Mangapu Drainage Board* .. .. 1,210 1,210 31/3/32 Total .. .. 50,204 12,527 63,941 16,630 * Amount of settlement (£1,210) is earmarked for Native rates, and, subject to slight adjustments by the Drainage Board, will meet Native rates to 31st March, 1932, leaving a small balance towards the rates of the succeeding year.

Consolidation . Unimproved Value, , „ . . , tax m i Scheme. Area " Native Owners, j Principal. Interest. Total. Acres. £ f s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Waitomo .. 270,422 394,634 7,980 16 3 3,829 17 3 11,810 13 6 Otorohanga .. 91,600 273,476 2,487 2 4 1,195 7 5 3,682 9 9 Kawhia .. 33,313 51,735 1,781 14 0 1,170 4 6 2,951 18 6 Hauaroa .. 11,789 74,973 604 17 11 243 18 7 848 16 6 Total .. .407,124 794,818 I 12,854 10 6 6,439 7 9 19,293 18 3

G —10.

differences of opinion were expressed. In many cases there was a scepticism bordering on hostility towards any comprehensive scheme of development on the lines followed at Horohoro and elsewhere. The majority favoured the system of loans to individual settlers, which had been inaugurated by the Maori Land Board and the Native Trustee. The latter system, however, was already breaking down for want of funds. In the autumn of 1930 it was decided to undertake development schemes at Mahoenui in the Mokau-Awakino district, and at Waimiha, near the Main Trunk Railway, some twenty-five miles north of Taumarunui. The former is low undulating land, covered with light bush, manuka, and fern, lying between the main Te Kuiti - New Plymouth Highway and the Mokau River ; while small areas of good river flats lie to the north-west of that road. There are already the nucleus of a farming community, a good school, and ample frontage to a highway. The Waimiha Block is situated on the east bank of the Ongarue River, close to the Waimiha Railway-station. There is a fair-sized Native village and a school at the railway-station. The land consists of pumice river terraces covered with light manuka, being swampy in parts. The majority of the Native owners of these two blocks were willing to subject their lands to the new scheme. It was apparent that the reports of the good work carried out by Te Puea at Waiuku and of the support given by Te Rata and his family, together with the earnest recommendations of the consolidation and development officers, had influenced the Mahoenui and Waimiha communities. The lands so far brought under development schemes in the King-country are as follow : —

2. Maniapoto. —Summary of Lands under Development.

The following comments may be made on each scheme : — (a) Kawhia. Projected in 1930, development was not actively undertaken until the beginning of the financial year 4931-32. Much difficulty was experienced in the initial stages. The following may be quoted from the Kawhia Settler of the 13th August, 1932, as a fair statement of what may be termed the psychological factors involved : — " The Maoris of these parts are suspicious of any movement, however attractive it may be superficially, that has emanated from a pakeha Government, which has been regarded as an institution to deprive them of their land. This suspicion has not been allayed by the circumstances surrounding the confiscation policy which succeeded the Wa.ikato War, and suggestions of an ulterior motive are bound to fall on receptive ears." The article goes on to say, — " It is extremely fortunate that quite a number of officials and advisers in connection with the project are men in whom the Maoris are prepared to place entire confidence, and it is most gratifying to note the altered viewpoint of the Natives as the scheme has developed. They appear ready to accept the assurances of their friends that "the sole object of the Government is to assist in rendering their waste lands productive, and so ensure a livelihood for themselves and their descendants." In this connection it may be said that the personal influence of Te Rata Mahuta and one of his brothers was exerted in support of the scheme. It is well known that the Maoris occupying the Kawhia, Taharoa, and Aotea areas are among the staunchest of the supporters of the Maori King. At meetings held at various places in the Kawhia district in the middle of March, 1932, Te Rata advised his people that he was heartily in favour of their working under the schemes, which were good so long as the men did not lay in their blankets. He personally would be very glad to see the schemes go on, so that the people would have regular jobs and a source of decent living. He expected that the Waikatos would now be flocking to get into the schemes, but he was sorry that there was now not enough money. He had not pressed the Native Minister in regard to finance, as he did not wish to embarrass him during the present shortage of funds. The scheme was slow to come into operation, and its organization dragged more or less owing to trouble with some of the owners. Labour could not be readily recruited, and in the end had to be brought from outside for clearing the Mangaora bush.

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„ , . Expenditure to Expenditure to scheme. Area - ' 31st March, 1931. 31st March, 1932. __ __ ! . (1) Financed by the Native Land Settlement Account — A. B. P. £ a. d. £ s. d. Kawhia .. .. .. 4,241 2 18-2 Nil 1,379 16 1 Oparure .. .. .. 369 2 28-8 Nil 82 1 2 Mahoenui .. .. .. 5,325 3 28-6 1,148 11 4 7,057 8 0 Waimiha .. .. .. 7,872 0 32 3,664-10 11 8,749 13 0 17,809 1 27-6 4,813 2 3 17,268 18 3 (2) Financed by the Maori Land Board — Te Kuiti Base Farm (Somerville's) 617 3 23-7 188 0 0 1,883 0 0 Value at which taken over under .. 7,920 0 0 7,920 0 0 mortgage Totals .. .. 18,427 1 11-3 12,921 2 3 27,071 18 3 ! ___

G.—lo.

The reports of the Supervisor (Mr. C. M. Wright) show that up to the 31st March, 1932, in addition to 119 acres of grass already established, the new areas felled and grassed amounted to approximately 853 acres, making in all 972 acres. The stock in hand comprised 121 dairy cows and heifers and 85 mixedsex calves. As for fencing, 1,500 posts were split and 85 chains erected. A small amount of draining and stumping was also done. The actual payments on the scheme to the 31st March, 1932, amounted to £1,379 16s. Id., particulars of which are set out in the schedules hereto. But there were outstanding payments at that date for grass-seed, fencing material, and wages amounting to £853, which when taken into consideration would give an average cost of development at Kawhia up to the end of last financial year of £2 Bs. 6d. an acre. Ten families were receiving assistance. It was estimated that a further expenditure of £3 an acre would bring these units to the point of farming efficiency and production, complete the ring-fencing and subdivision of sections, provide accommodation, cow-sheds, yards, and dairy equipment, increase the dairy stock to 240 milkers, and purchase sheep for areas not immediately available for dairying. (b) Oparure. This title was adopted for a scheme covering an area at Oparure, near Te Kuiti, comprising seven small blocks, of a total area of 191 acres and 34 perches, which were brought under section 23 of the Native Land Amendment, &c., Act, 1929, on the 12th May, 1931. Another block (Whanawhana Totorewa's) of 90 acres 2 roods 28 percheis was added on the Ist August, 1931, and four more of a total area of 88 acres 1 rood 6 perches were added on the 15th February, 1932. The operations of the Mangapu Drainage Board had improved the prospects of settlement of Native lands within the drainage area, but there were complications in the titles and difficulties with the owners, which retarded progress and extension. It is very desirable that Native lands situated so close to Te Kuiti, and under the eye, as it were, of the local taxing authority should be developed and brought into production. The drainage of the Mangapu Basin is removing the greatest physical obstacle to progress, but there are title and psychological obstacles, which can be removed only by patient and continued effort. Although Cabinet approved the expenditure of £440 on this scheme, only £82 was expended to the 31st March, 1932. Delay in regard to consolidation proposals and complications with a dairy company prevented much progress. The work completed comprised the clearing and grassing of 70 acres, fencing 60 chains, and a little draining. Three units received assistance. Their properties were valued at £2,066. The area already in grass was 95 acres ; there was one six-roomed house, an implement-shed and a cow-shed ; there were 380 chains of fencing and 30 chains of drains. One settler was milking a herd of twenty-seven, but these were under bills of sale to a dairy company. It was estimated that during the current year considerable progress would be made, and that the number of individuals to be assisted would be increased to ten. Development on ordinary lines would on the class of land available be expensive, having regard to the draining of low-lying land infested with blackberry, the clearing of timber and logs, and the working-up of heavy soil. A judicious combination of unemployment funds with development finance and an appeal to the Native owners to adopt a policy of self-reliance as far as possible should reduce costs to reasonable proportions in accord with the low level of prices for primary produce. (c) Mahoenui. Formal steps to bring this scheme into operation were taken at the beginning of April, 1930, when blocks comprising a total area of 3,527 acres 2 roods 19 perches were gazetted, and Cabinet authorized an expenditure of £3,500. Active development was not commenced, however, until the spring, with the clearing of 600-odd acres of light bush and manuka on the east of the highway. The District Valuer in reporting on Mahoenui lands considered that the land was of fair quality and suitable for close settlement, but that it was badly infested with gorse, blackberry, and ragwort. Subsequent inspections showed that there was an abundance of water, should it be decided to cut up into dairy-farms. The country has wide frontage to the highway, of! which there are two branch roads, one, the Totoro Road, constructed by the Public Works Department, penetrating the northeastern portion of the block to the Mokau River, and the other, the Ngatarawa Road, bounding it at the southern end. An obstacle to effective development and subdivision was presented by the location of the interests acquired by the Crown, amounting to 945 acres, which were so situated as to raise difficulties in adjusting fencing-lines and bush-felling operations. It was represented to the Lands Department that the Crown interests should either be made available to be developed with the Native lands under the Native scheme, or the Crown should acquire further interests and by compacting them make them worth while to develop independently of the Native scheme. The Hon. the Minister of Lands decided in favour of the former course, but the addition of the Crown areas was not made till the 1931-32 financial year, when they came into the scope of the clearing programme for that year. The actual payments on this scheme to the 31st March, 1931, amounted to £1,148 lis. 4d., but it was known that a considerable sum was then outstanding for wages, grass-seed, fencing-material, and other charges. The area sown down was 606 acres, while 49 acres were worked up for swedes and potatoes. During 1931-32 a further area of 1,000 acres, half light bush and half manuka, was cleared, burnt, and grassed, while the fencing, subdivision, and stocking of the land cleared and grassed in the previous year were completed. The latter area was also top-dressed with fertilizers to ensure a good sward of grass. The policy of subsidizing from unemployment funds was applied to Mahoenui in the second year in order to assist unemployed Maoris of the King-country and Waikato. At one period there were eighty-three men employed on the scheme, and with women and children over 120 persons were assisted through means of the scheme.

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The position of this, one of the major Native land-development schemes, is best reviewed as at the 31st March, 1932. The actual payments to that date were £7,057 Bs., but there was outstanding £1,740 6s. 6d., making a total of £8,797 14s. 6d. Taking the latter total, the items of expenditure may be dissected as follow : — Buildings and accommodation (includes store-shed and tents for £ s. d. workmen) .. .. .. .. .. .. 439 0 3 Clearing (bush, 722| acres ; manuka and scrub, 942 £ s. d. acres) .. .. .. .. .. 1,832 12 5 Less unemployment subsidy .. .. 130 16 8 1,701 15 9 Fencing — Erecting 482f chains (Material: 9,665 posts, 519 strainers, 31,000 battens, 540 cwt. wire, 42 cwt. staples) .. .. .. 2,298 1 8 Less unemployment subsidy .. 18 7 5 2,279 14 3 Grass-seed and grassing .. .. .. .. 1,625 18 4 Preparing and sowing 49 acres in swedes and vegetables .. 85 3 5 Fertilizers (185 tons) .. .. .. .. .. 699 15 9 Draining (16 chains) .. .. .. .. .. 800 Stock — 148 heifers and 231 steers .. .. .. 1,077 4 9 454 sheep .. .. .. .. .. 208 18 5 1,286 3 2 Farm accessories and implements .. .. 75 17 11 Loose tools .. .. .. .. .. 148 16 11 224 14 10 Miscellaneous— Horse expenses .. .. .. . t 6 110 Chaff and oats .. .. .. .. 148 14 9 Repairs to implements .. .. .. 27 13 6 Clearing noxious weeds .. .. .. 14 8 3 Cartage of workmen's provisions .. .. 33 15 0 Haymaking .. .. .. .. 25 0 0 Wages of stockman .. .. .. 82 6 8 Sundries .. .. .. .. .. 108 19 7 447 8 9 Total .. .. .. .. .. £8,797 14 6 Transport of material is a serious item in the expenditure. Te Kuiti is the nearest station, whence all posts, wire and staples, seed, and fertilizers are delivered by motor-lorry. While all other items may be regarded as reasonable, those grouped under " Fencing " call for comment. Sufficient material had been assembled and paid for to complete about twenty-two miles of new fences. Actually a little over six miles had been completed and accounted for at the 31st March, 1932, but other fencing was then in hand. Thus the statement of expenditure for the first quarter of the current year shows that g, further 459 chains had been completed and paid for. The estimates for the current year provide for 9| miles. It is not possible to give the actual cost per mile until the programme of enclosing the areas already cleared and grassed is completed. The packing of material on to lines through newly-burnt country is estimated to cost £15 a mile. Excluding the cost of stock and of fencing material in hand at the 31st March, 1932, the cost of developing 1,665 acres of Mahoenui land to that date was £3 19s. Id. per acre. To complete the fencing programme required for the efficient breaking-in of that area a further 10s. an acre would be sufficient, making the cost of clearing, grassing, and fencing about £4 10s. an acre. It is estimated that of this amount 7s. 6d. is represented by the cost of transport from Te Kuiti. It is early yet to say how many units can be placed on the Mahoenui scheme. The field officers estimate that with a certain amount of internal roading it should be possible to establish twenty dairy-farms and two or three small sheep-farms as a run off for the dairy stock. (d) Waimiha. The relevant provisions of the Native Land Amendment, &c., Act, 1929, were applied to subdivisions of Rangitoto-Tuhua 77b, 78b, and 80b Blocks, comprising 7,872 acres and 32 perches, on the 20th February, 1930, but it was not until the winter of that year that work was commenced on any part of the area. The quality of the human material was not promising, lacking leadership and experience. The physical type was not impressive ; there were signs of tuberculosis, undernourishment, and the effects of inbreeding. The depression, however, which was already affecting the timber-mills in the surrounding district, and the prospect of steady work on their own lands, drew back a number of young men of a good type to leaven the rest.

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It was decided to organize the development operations 011 the lines of the Horohoro scheme, and to carry out the cultivation, after the scrub was cleared and burnt, with tractor-drawn implements. The nature of the country —which consisted of river terraces, and was fairly level —and its extent appeared to justify the use of such equipment. The men selected for development work were allowed a sustenance wage of 9s. a day for working-days, out of which they had to find themselves. Camp accommodation and a water-supply were provided at a central point. It was also decided not to follow Horohoro in regard to building cottages for the men on a preliminary scheme of subdivision, but to postpone any such programme until sufficient land had been prepared for dairying. The operations for the 1930-31 year comprised scrub-cutting, stumping, ploughing, and cultivation, fencing and preparation of fencing material, grassing and top-dressing, and the establishment of a shelter-brake at the south end of the block. The Waimiha scheme was the first of the schemes undertaken in the Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Land District to be founded on what was definitely pumice land. It surrounded Messrs. Middleton and Mair's farm, on which there was a splendid pasture and a dairy-farm established. At the south-east end a Mr. Andrews had for years farmed an area of 25 acres. There was no evidence of bush sickness. The expenditure (actual payments) on the scheme to the end of March, 1931, was £3,664 10s. lid. This included a large sum for equipment. The land cleared, cultivated, and sown in grass was 350 acres, but the scrub-cutting covered a much larger area. The programme for 1931-32 aimed to have 1,500 acres in pasture and to prepare for the establishment of a number of dairy-farms in the spring of 1932. The position of the scheme is best reviewed as at the 31st March, 1932. The expenditure (actual payments) up to that date amounted to £8,749 135., details of which are set out in the schedules. The Farm Supervisor estimated the area in grass at the end of last financial year as 1,200 acres, with a further 300 acres ploughed for spring sowing. There was also an area where the scrub had been cleared and burnt, but no further work had been done. The fencing completed amounted to 570 chains, and the fencing material in hand was valued at £275. The drains dug and completed were 355 chains. Extensive shelter-brakes had been planted at the south end at a cost of £82. If the value of buildings (exclusive of tents and temporary shelters), equipment, and dairy stock, and also of fencing material in hand is deducted, such being estimated at £2,450, the cost of development work on the Waimiha scheme to the end of March, 1932, is £4 4s. an ficre. Outstanding payments for material and wages add a further 18s. an acre, bringing the cost up to £5 2s. an acre. For the corresponding stage it has proved more economical than Horohoro in the cost of laying down in pasture, but was not so far advanced in regard to fencing and buildings. The area in course of development is all suitable for dairying, and already over thirty subdivisions have been projected. During the current year it is proposed to operate seven of these, for which enough cattle was already purchased in the 1931-32 programme. The most remarkable effect of this scheme is on the health and welfare of the inhabitants of Waimiha, who have been removed from the unhealthy atmosphere of the old village and given steady employment and an incentive in life. Any one who saw their condition two years ago must be impressed with the great improvement in their health, especially that of the children. (e) Te Kuiti Base Farm (Somerville's). The Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Land Board had made advances to Somerville Bros, on the security of the freehold of Pukenui 2t 2 and 2t 3 Blocks. Somervilles defaulted, and the property came into the hands of the Board. It was thought that by using it as a stock base farm for the Native land-development schemes and for the farms financed by the Board in the district the property would be maintained in good order, and pay the cost of such maintenance. Up to the end of March, 1932, no responsibility had been assumed by the Native Land Settlement Account. 3. Haukaki. No development scheme has yet been undertaken in the Thames and Coromandel districts. Representations have been made by Native communities there, and inspections have been made by the field officers of the Department. An exhaustive report was made on the Harataunga Blocks at Kennedy Bay, where there is a promising community occupying some land suitable for dairying ; but the lack of road facilities for ensuring a regular delivery of cream to the nearest factory and of supplies to settlers has militated against the prospects of the locality.

Summary of Land-development.

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S I j ■§ § I J — Particulars. .& >g "§! | g § J -g H Units assisted .. 5 6 30 ; 4 10 3 12 16 86 Units possible .. 5 9 40 6 36 10 27 40 173 Area owned (acres) .. 282 457 4,740 671 4,242 370 3,527 7,872 22,161 Area in grass or cleared 272 329 920 271 972 172 1,850 1,500 6,286 (acres) Dairy cows milked .. 105 60 68 ; 34 121 27 .. .. 415 Other dairy cows .. 27 38 11 I 2 85 .. .. .. 163 Station cattle | 379 .. 379 Sheep .. .. .. .. .. : .. .. .. 454 .. 454

Gr.—lo.

" C." WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT. This Maori Land District extends along the Bay of Plenty from Tauranga to Cape Runaway. On the east it is bounded generally by the watershed between the Bay of Plenty hinterland and the East Coast, Poverty Bay, and Wairoa districts. The Urewera country and East Taupo are included within it. On the west the boundary commences at a point to the west of Tauranga, running thence to Horohoro Mountain and Lake Taupo, and along the eastern shores of that lake. Several places on the Bay of Plenty coast were the landfalls of the canoes, which brought the ancestors of the Maori tribes from Eastern Polynesia ; and the descendants of the crews of those canoes took possession of the coastal areas and gradually extended their domain inland. It has resulted, therefore, in this district that several distinct tribes have established themselves there, a larger number than in any other Maori land district. This factor of tribal diversity must be taken into consideration in regard to the organization of any activity or the execution of any policy relating to Native lands in the district. Tribal Divisions and Spheres of Occupation. The following tribal divisions have been formed in the course of time, and spheres of occupation and ownership of land correspond thereto : — Area. Tribe. (1) Tauranga district .. .. Ngai-te-rangi. (2) Te Puke to Matata, Maketu to Taupo, Matata to Murupara Te Arawa, Ngati-Manawa, Ngati-Tuwharetoa. (3) Matata to Opape, and hinterland .. .. .. Ngatiawa, Tuhoe (Urewera), Whakatohea. (4) Torere .. .. .. Ngaitai. (5) North of Torere to Cape Runaway .. .. .. Whanau-a-Apanui. The Ngai-te-rangi of Tauranga are connected with the people of area (3), the descendants of the crew of the Matatua canoe, but they have evolved characteristics, traditions, and a mental outlook of their own, and possess traits which have to be taken into account. Area (2) should really extend to southern Taupo at Tokaanu, but the latter is officially comprised in the Aotea Maori Land District, although, as will appear later in this statement, it has been found convenient to attach the Tokaanu scheme to the Waiariki district. The Ngati-Manawa is a small tribe occupying the fringe of the Galatea Block and a portion of Te Whaiti, but formerly it owned the whole of the Kaingaroa Block, and the lands north and south of Murupara, now occupied by the plantations of the State Forest Service. Its affinities are mainly with the Arawa Tribe, and to some extent with Tuhoe. Ngatiawa, Tuhoe, and "Whakatohea are of the Matatua canoe, which landed most of its crew at Whakatane, combined with the earlier Toi-kai-rakau migration. Toi established his pa at Kaputerangi, above the present Whakatane Township ; the site of the pa is included in the purchase of land by the Department from the Hillcrest Syndicate. The Whanau-a-Apanui are kin to the Matatua and Arawa Tribes, but are tribally and traditionally more nearly related to the Ngati-Porou of the East Coast, with whom they have pursued a common policy in tribal, economic, and social matters. Special Features. Much has been learnt in the last generation about the lands of the Taupo, Rotorua, Urewera, and Bay of Plenty districts, which are grouped under the Waiariki Maori Land District. Between Torere and Cape Runaway economical farming has been driven down from the steep hill country to the small disconnected terraces and level areas that fringe the coast-line. Lessees of large hill blocks in that area have thrown up their leases, following the example of Crown tenants in the Waioeka Valley near Opotiki. This happened before the present depression. The Crown began to purchase Native lands in the Urewera country in 1910. By the year 1920 it had spent £193,076. A special Commission consolidated the Crown purchases during 1921, and defined the interests which remained to the Native non-sellers. The expectation that lands thus acquired by the Crown would be suitable for settlement was doomed to disappointment after one attempt to open up land in the upper Waimana Valley. For all practical purposes the Crown holdings in the Urewera country may be regarded as national reserves for forestry and watershed purposes. The Opotiki, Whakatane, and Tauranga Tribes met with the same fate as those of Waikato and Taranaki after the Maori wars by the confiscation of their lands. The confiscated territory was estimated to contain 440,000 acres of land. Some areas were returned to sections of the disafiected tribes. Large areas were also confiscated at Tauranga and Te Puke. The aftermath of the Maori wars and of confiscations was felt through two generations following those occasions, a,nd explains much of the difficulty experienced by successive Governments in the adjustments of land titles and the settlement of Native lands in the Bay of Plenty. Land-sales during three generations further reduced the land holdings of the tribes affected by the confiscations, so that the Whakatohea of Opotiki, the Ngatiawa of Whakatane, and the NgatiRanginui and other sub-tribes of Ngai-te-rangi of Tauranga were brought to the verge of landlessness. So long as public works —and it must be remembered that from 1920 onwards there was the greatest activity in the construction of roads and railways in the Bay of Plenty and other parts of the Dominion —offered an avenue of employment, this problem did not obtrude itself. With the tailing-off of public works, the failure of bush farms throughout the district, and the loss of rent revenue the day of

22

G —10.

reckoning came for the Maori communities of the Bay of Plenty. They were thrown back on their depleted resources. Wherever dairying had become established among them, as at Te Kaha, Torere, Opotilti, Ruatoki, and on scattered holdings in the Whakatane district that industry became a rallying point on the eve of the present financial crisis. During the years 1928, 1929, and 1930 the strongest and most insistent demands for assistance in the readjustment of their titles and the development of their lands came from these communities, greatly accentuated by the distressful circumstances of former employees on public works and of those hitherto dependent on rents. The special features of the territory occupied by the Arawa and Ngati-Tuwharetoa, comprising the pumice lands of Rotorua and Taupo, will be better dealt with in the section dealing with the development of pumic lands. These tribes possessed the largest area of undeveloped lands in the North Island, but also the most difficult from many standpoints. In farm experience they were probably the most backward of the Maori tribes. The Arawa were to some extent dependent on rents and timber royalties, while it is notorious that the Taupo Natives derived material support from timber royalties and from employment in the timber-mills of Mokai and of the forests along the Main Trunk Line. Public works and afforestation also absorbed a considerable number of the youth of the two tribes. With the cessation of the activities of the Government and of local bodies and the depression in the timber industry the lot of Arawa and Ngati-Tuwharetoa became as distressing as that of other tribes in the Waiariki district. The Problem of the Pumice Lands. This problem is popularly associated with the lands round about Taupo and Rotorua. The researches of several State Departments and farm experience over a wide range of country have, however, shown that the pumice problem is much more extensive, and relates to at least two-thirds of the lands of the North Island. It is part of the greater problem of volcanic soils, which account for the surface of the North Island, except southern Wanganui, Manawatu, Wairarapa, half of Hawke's Bay, and outcrops of limestone and papa lands throughout Wairoa, Poverty Bay, and the East Coast'. For development and farming purposes it is difficult to realize that at such distant points as Waimiha, Horohoro, Kaitimako, Mohaka, Ruatahuna, Ohope, Torere, and Cape Runaway one is dealing with pumice soils distributed from practically one centre. Fewer mistakes would be made in planning development with private or State resources if the dominance of the pumice cover over such a wide extent of territory was appreciated. It is a cover that compels intensive methods of soil-preparation, cultivation of the surface and fertilizing from the very beginning ; also close subdivision and delimitation of farm areas conforming to the factor of economic periodical top-dressing or cultivation and cropping. In the Rotorua district there was ample land on the north, west, and south-west shores of Lafej Rotoiti, and to the south and south-west of the Township of Rotorua. The pumice stretched away in all directions from Rotorua ; to Te Whaiti and Ruatahuna in a south-easterly direction ; to Taupo and Tokaanu in a southerly direction ; to Atiamuri in a south-westerly direction ; and to Tauranga, Maketu, and Te Teko in northerly bearings of the compass. Before the Reform Government went out of office at the end of 1928 it had projected the settlement of portions of this extensive territory, and had commenced the construction of the railway from Rotorua to Taupo. A consolidation scheme had been launched to define and readjust the location of interests purchased by the Crown in Native lands ; and the scheme aimed to prepare areas for development by the Crown, including lands near the Hautu Prison Farm, at the south end of Bake Taupo. The activities of the State Forest Service and of several afforestation companies on the Kaingaroa Plains and in the Taupo and Putaruru districts ; the construction of the Rotorua-Taupo Railway and Highway; the clamour throughout the Dominion for land-settlement; and the high prices then prevailing for all primary products ; all these combined to attract extraordinary attention to the pumice belt and its possibilities. Ministers of the United Cabinet, which succeeded the Reform Government, inspected the whole area and acquainted themselves with its possibilities for development and settlement. Eventually the choice of the Lands Department fell upon the Rangitaiki Valley, where the Galatea Estate is situated, upon the low-lying lands near Te Teko, now comprised in the Onepu Development Scheme, and on the lands in the Whirinaki Valley, adjoining the Guthrie Settlement, on the RotoruaAtiamuri Road, now comprised in the Ngakuru Development Scheme. Native Development Schemes on Pumice Lands. The reasons which prompted the establishment of Native-land-development schemes on the pumice lands of the Rotorua and adjoining districts may now be set forth. I have always been an earnest advocate of the development of lands in the pumice belt. Observation over a number of years in the neighbourhood of Rotorua had convinced me that, with proper cultivation and manuring, the lands there were capable of growing the best pastures and crops. There was a larger area of undeveloped land in the hands of the Maori communities there than anywhere else. For the relief of unemployment through land-development there was greater scope on such lands than on Native-owned lands in any other part of the Dominion, and the conditions were such that whether on marsh land, on dry terraces or hillsides, on scrub, tussock, or bush-land, development could proceed with little interruption throughout the year. In regard to fencing timber this district enjoys with the Rangitaiki basin and Taupo the advantage of extensive untapped resources in totara and matai forests where posts and battens are cheap to produce and easily accessible by motor transport. The water-supply is better than in any part of the reputed fertile districts of the east coast of the North Island. There remains for serious consideration the problem of soil-deficiency. When members of the United Cabinet made visits of inspection to the pumice belt between Tokaanu and Rotorua the present Prime Minister, then Minister of Agriculture, was good enough to allow me the services of Mr. B. C. Aston. Mr. Aston had for years been engaged on the problem of mineral deficiencies in soils, more

23

G.—lo.

especially the soils of the pumice belt, and had already mapped out the area where the Horohoro, Guthrie, and Ngakuru development schemes are now in operation. The Horohoro scheme was launched at that part of the Horohoro Block, which scientific opinion at that time declared to be reasonably healthy for cattle. So far as the Native Department was concerned, the need was urgent for selecting an area of cheap land of sufficient extent with good road access and within easy reach of a township such as Rotorua as a base for supplies. The Arawa Trust Board and the Waiariki Maori Land Board had sought to interest sections of the Arawa Tribe in farming, the former at Maketu and the latter at Taheke and Tihiotonga. Units of the tribe were farming at Te Puke, Pukehina, and Rotoiti. Much more needed to be done to promote a land-settlement psychology among the tribe, and to demonstrate the possibilities of the extensive region they owned and occupied. Early in 1929 strong representations were made by the Maoris of the Wairoa (Hawke s Bay) District asking for an opening for some of their young men to establish themselves on land. There was at the time no opening in their own district, and they expressed their willingness to migrate to any other part of the Dominion, if so required. Delegates from the district accompanied me in the inspection of the Taupo and "Rotorua lands, during which the Horohoro Block was inspected and provisionally selected for a Native-land-development venture. Twelve months, however, elapsed before legal steps could be taken to launch the scheme. It was necessary to secure legislation during the session of 1929, and this adopted with modifications the provisions of the Land Amendment Bill, which created an organization under the Minister of Lands for the development and preparation for settlement of suitable Crown lands. The Policy of the Native-land Legislation of 1929. The scheme of the Native-land legislation was framed for the conditions prevailing at the time, and was built round a study of the possibilities of such areas as Horohoro. It was necessary, in the first place, to obtain undisputed control of such an area, and this could be achieved only with the good will of the owners thereof. It was necessary to make a careful selection from among the owners of the men to develop and farm the land, and yet to permit of the introduction of an outside colony of men experienced in all branches of farm work, with the prospect of making farms and homes for themselves. It was thought that if there was room for a judicious mixture of owners and selected immigrants a spirit of friendly rivalry and emulation would be introduced, on which could be founded the next element in the organization of the scheme —namely, the determination of a scale of wages for day or piece work on a bare sustenance basis while preparing the land for subdivision and settlement. The founding of the Horohoro scheme was an appeal to the spirit of adventure with which the Maori branch of the Polynesian race is well endowed, and to the pioneering spirit without which the development of the second-class lands of the Dominion will prove too costly an undertaking. Every man selected to try his fortune on the Horohoro Block was made conscious that both he and the virgin land were upon trial. What may be termed the Horohoro system was thus conceived, and has been extended and applied to other areas in the Rotorua and Bay of Plenty districts and to other Maori land districts, wherever development has been undertaken on unoccupied or sparsely occupied lands. The characteristics of the system are the selection from the beginning of development workers on a guarantee of allotment, if they prove satisfactory and the land is found to be suitable ; the carrying-out of all work under a foreman, a good leader, subject to the control of the Farm Supervisor ; the adoption of a scale of wages for day or piece work on a sustenance basis ; and the organization of work and the supply of material, with the objective of securing minimum cost with reasonable efficiency, so as to leave a margin of security between the cost of development and the value created thereby. Summary of Development Schemes in the Waiariki District. Subdivided according to the tribes affected, the following is a summary of the schemes in operation in the Waiariki Maori Land District at the 31st March, 1932

24

Expenditure. Area. , re \, To i To developable. g lst 31st March, 1931. 1932. I 1. Tauranga: Ngai-te-rangi Tribe— A. R. p. a. £ £ Kaitimako and Hairini .. .. 778 0 0 778 Nil 1,565 2. Rotorua : Arawa Tribe — Horohoro — . ,, Ngati-Tuara ~1 f 5,03o 11,308 Kahungumi .. .. | | 6,162 12,277 SSSU :: :: \ 10 - m 0 0 ♦>"« ?:S »:S8 Waikaukau j • • Land purchases .... J I 1,774 10,896 0 0 I 6,150 18,512 34,114

G.—lo,

Summary of Development Schemes in the Waiariki District—continued.

Grand totals— Acres> Total area brought under schemes .. .. .. .. .. 123 501 Total area estimated developable .. .. .. .. .. 66 628 £ Expenditure to 31st March, 1931 .. .. .. .. 40 517 Expenditure to 31st March, 1932 .. .. .. .. .. 123 ,174 4 —(x, 10,

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Expenditure. ! Area Area developable. To To 31st March, 31st March, 1931. 1932. I i " 2. Rotorua: Arawa Tribe—continued. a. r. p. a £ £ Parekarangi .. .. .. 2,868 o' 0* 1,570 .. 4,520 Peka purchases '' |} 1,364 0 0 1,100 / 2 Mourea purchases ' } 3,019 0 0 2,80o{ 3 ?j()Q Maketu— ' ' Maketu Farm .. .. .. 1,204 0 0 1,150 1 844 7 159 Te Puke .. .. .. .. 422 0 0 400 '. i'638 Motiti Island .. .. .. 852 0 0 800 .. '298 Brent's Farm .... r -i qo Brent's purchase . . .. / 335 0 0 330 < Waipapa Bush .. .. 1 / 128 961 aipapa purchase .. .. / 91 O 0 .. 2>500 2^QQ 21,052 0 0 14,300 26,284 69,847 3. Whalcatane : Ngatiawa Tribe— Ruatoki purchases !! '' } 22,893 0 0 14,0401 4,489 Ruatahuna .. .. .. .. 12,181 0 0 3,000 ! 2^459 35,074 0 0 17,040 4,489 23,105 4. Urewera Country : Tuhoe Tribe— Ngatiawa ...... 1 r S «117 Ngatiawa purchases .. .. J 3,945 0 0 6 976 6'976 3,945 0 0 3,600 6,976 15,393 5. Opotiki : Whakatohea Tribe — Whakatohea— Opape ...... r Hinahinanui .... I I 186 2,538 Waiotahe.. .. .. j* 16,374 0 0 6,<490<| .. 164 Wainui ...... J ! 623 Opape Base Farm .. .. \ r 589 1 969 Opape purchases .. .. / 1,070 0 0 gg3 2 000 17,444 0 0 7,300 2,768 II 7,294 6. Torere : Ngaitai' Tribe— Torere •• 3,382 0 0 2,270 .. 2,159 7. Maraenui to Cape Runaway: Whanau-a-Apanui Tribe— Te Kaha— Maraenui Omaio ...... TeKaha.. .. .. y 41,826 0 0 21,340 .. <( 1,564 Orete ...... ' 330 Whangaparaoa .... J ggg 41,826 0 0 21,340 .. 3,811 ;

GL—lO.

The details regarding the various schemes commenced and in operation in the Waiariki Maori Land District at the 31st March, 1932, are given hereunder. The schemes may for convenience be divided into two groups, corresponding to the official organization for the purposes of supervision and the keeping of accounts, the first group comprising the schemes at Tauranga, Rotorua, and Taupo, and may be called the Eotorua Group ; and the second those which extend eastwards from Whakatane to Cape Runaway and southwards from Whakatane to Ruatahuna, and may be called the Bay of Plenty Group. THE ROTORUA GROUP OF SCHEMES. Dealing with the first group, the details are as follow : — (a) Horohoro Development Scheme. After the passage of the Native Land, &c., Act of the 1929 session the Native Minister met the owners of the Horohoro Block at Ohinemutu on the 29th November, 1929, when they agreed that their lands should be brought under the provisions of section 23 of the new Act, and that a portion of the land should be offered to selected men from Wairoa, Hawke's Bay. The total area was 8,343 acres, but it was estimated that not more than three-fifths could be developed. On the 21st January, 1930, the party of Wairoa Maoris, half of them returned soldiers, under the leadership of Tupara Rotoatara, who had held a commission as lieutenant in the Maori Pioneer Battalion, left Wairoa for Horohoro. At the same time eight men of the Ngati-Tuara and Ngati-Kearoa subtribes, who owned the Horohoro Block, were selected by the owners to occupy and develop a portion thereof. During the first week of February a commencement was made, the party from Wairoa occupying from the centre of the block southwards and the eight men from among the owners occupying the northern portion. A topographical survey was made of 3,000 acres, showing tentative subdivisions into 100 acre farms. A wage-rate was fixed on a sustenance basis of 9s. a day, as against the then Dominion rate of 12s. 6d. to 14s. a day. Actual development commenced on the 7th February, 1930. The method of cultivation was to mow the scrub and fern, and, after burning, to work up the ground with disks and harrows drawn by a caterpillar tractor, sow in grass, and apply a top-dressing of lime and superphosphate in the proportion of 5 lime to 2 super and at the rate of 5 cwt. to the acre. The area thus prepared by the Wairoa men and sown in grass before the end of March, 1930, was 187 acres. The community lived in tents with their wives and families until the building programme could be proceeded with. The Ngati-Tuara or northern section of the scheme commenced with eight men, but the work there was not properly organized until the beginning of the next financial year. It was then that Raharuhi Puriri, their leading man and one of the largest owners in the block, was released from the position of manager for Mr. R. L. Levin at his Tokerau farm on Lake Rotoiti to act as foreman and to control the development of the tribal land. This man was well fitted by experience of farm work, by his position among his people and by personal character, to act as leader, and he has fully justified his position. The programme during the next financial year, 1930-31, was on a much larger scale, and was pursued vigorously on both sections of the scheme. Tractors and implements and motor-trucks cost up to the end of March, 1931, the sum of £3,085. Over 1,700 acres were cleared, ploughed, manured, and sown in grass ; five and a quarter miles of internal access roads were formed, oil-barrels being used in the construction of culverts ; a fair amount of fencing was carried out, and a large area planted in potatoes. In regard to buildings several cottages, two of considerable size, and one storeshed were erected. A feature of the settlement was the sudden expansion of the population, which with men, women, and children reached to over one hundred souls during the year. The need for a school building was recognized, and pending the construction of a proper building school was conducted in a marquee, the teachers living in tents. The treatment of the undeveloped land with disks and harrows was continued, but on areas covered with tussock it was found more economical to plough and work up. The lime-super mixture at the rate of 5 cwt. to the acre for new ground and 3 cwt. for the second course of top-dressing was found to be effective and reasonable in cost. The response of the soil treated in this manner was very encouraging, and sufficient for the purpose of establishing good pasture for dairying. Fencing-posts purchased from Europeans, who acquired them from Maoris of the northern Taupo districts, who split the posts on their own land, cost delivered at Horohoro the sum of £9 per hundred. This price was considered excessive, and steps were taken to secure command of an area of bush containing sufficient supplies of suitable timber, which could be developed by some of the settlement men. This matter is referred to in detail under the caption " Waipapa Bush." It is sufficient to note here that the arrangement has brought about a reduction of nearly £3 per hundred in the cost of totara posts, and assured a supply for all requirements of the schemes operating in the Rotorua district. At the end of 1930 the Haira family, which owned nearly one-third of the Horohoro Block (being the whole of the frontage to the Rotorua-Atiamuri Road) but had so far held aloof from active participation in the scheme, decided to submit fully to it. One member of the family sold his undivided interest to the Crown for the purposes of the scheme. This in due course enabled the Department to reorganize the scheme in four sections with frontage to the aforementioned road. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1931, details of which are given in the attached schedule, amounted to £18,512. Of this, £3,085 was accounted for by the purchase of motor trucks, tractors, and implements ; £2,125 by the cost of buildings and accommodation ; and £1,180 the cost of cattle. During the financial year 1931-32 the development programme on the Ngati-Tuara and NgatiKahungunu sections of the scheme aimed to complete the grassing, fencing, and general equipment of as many allotments of the block as possible, in order that dairying might be commenced in the following year. This involved the erection of more cottages for settlers, the ring-fencing of allotments that had been grassed, the purchase of heifers, the saving of hay and the sowing of swedes for the future herds. The hay saved in the summer and autumn of 1931-32 was 400 tons, and 125 acres were sown in swedes,

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G.—lo.

The most important operation, however, was the consolidating of the new pasture land by tramping with heavy cattle. From the end of November, 1931, to the middle of May, 1932, store bullocks were grazed over all parts of the block that had been cultivated and grassed. Wethers were grazed with or in front of the cattle to compel the latter to tramp over the whole surface, and thus compact the light pumice soil. This treatment was calculated to establish the permanent grasses and clovers and to improve the sward. Following this heavy stocking the grassland was top-dressed with the mixture referred to. The further story of the treatment and its results fall into the current financial year. In May, 1931, the purchase of the freehold of 772 acres at Waikaukau, bounding the Ngakuru Block on the north, was completed after negotiations extending over a year. This block is traversed by the Waikaukau Stream, and contains marshy land, which when drained would carry the best of grasses on land with a good iron content, an asset in an area that might be affected by bush sickness. The block, moreover, extends from the main Rotorua - Atiamuri Road to what is known as Bryce's Road on the east, and gives a connection with a large Native area, known as Kapenga. The possession of it will bring into the scheme of subdivision an area of 1,200 acres south of the lands owned by the Haira family, and thus provide allotments for an additional number of settlers. It was decided to introduce another contingent from the Wairoa district, where the earthquake of February, 1931, the drought of that summer along the East Coast of the North Island, and unemployment were producing much distress. In June, 1931, ten young men, mostly from Nuhaka, were brought to Horohoro and placed on the new block, which became the Waikaukau section of the Horohoro scheme. The titles to subdivisions of the Horohoro Block contain many owners with small interests, who live in Hawke's Bay or in the Rangitikei and Manawatu districts. Many owners living in the Rotorua, Tauranga, and Taupo districts were not interested in development, and desired to sell. It was therefore decided as a step preliminary to the reorganization of the scheme, and in view of the near approach of the locating of settlers on dairy-farms, to purchase the interests of such owners as desired to sell. It is proposed eventually through the application of the provisions of the Native Land Act relating to the consolidation of interests in land to arrange that settlers, who are owners, shall have allotments into which the values of their interests may be aggregated ; and that settlers, who are immigrants from other districts, shall occupy as Crown tenants, to be nominated as such under authority contained in the Native-land-development legislation. Thus during the financial year 1931-32, in addition to the active development programme, steps were taken to put the titles of the would-be settlers in order. The Horohoro scheme was organized in four sections as follows : (i) Ngati-Tuara, 19 allotments ; (ii) Ngati-Kahungunu, 14 ; (iii) Waikaukau, 20 ; (iv) Tuhourangi, 21 : total, 74 allotments. The programme of roading, fencing, and general development was arranged in accordance with these divisions, and as far as possible the accounts were made to fall into line. Position as at the 31st March, 1932. The progress of this scheme may be reviewed as at the end of March, 1932, after it had been two years and four months in operation. The expenditure on all four sections of the scheme to that date was £34,114, details of which are set out in the schedules. The results achieved to offset this expenditure may be tabulated as follows : —

This, the pioneer scheme of the pumice belt, was able to show at the end of its second year for an expenditure of £34,114 sufficient enclosed pasture for twenty-three settlers and ground prepared for eleven more ; cottages for twenty-eight families ; nearly eight miles of internal roading to give access to all projected allotments and formed without assistance from the Public Works Fund ; ringfencing and subdivisional fencing amounting to 44| miles ; nearly 2-J miles of wide shelter-belts, double-fenced ; 450 tons of hay, and 152 acres of swedes in readiness for dairy herds ; and a selected farm population of fifty men, of whom more than half were in occupation of surveyed, grassed, and enclosed allotments, secured to them without ballot as the result of arrangements among themselves, and approved by the local organization of the Native Department. The total population of men, women, and children numbered nearly one hundred and forty, and so healthy were the conditions under which they lived and worked, although for nearly two years most of them were housed under canvas and their children taught in a marquee, there was not a single death among them up to the end of March, 1932.

27

t, .. , Ngati-Tuara a ti- Waikaukau Tuhourangi „ , , Particulars. | eetion _ Seotion _ Section fe Total. Number of units in occupation .. .. 17 15 10 8 50 Number of allotments .. .. .. 19 14 20 21 74 Reserves .. .. .. .. 2 1 2 1 6 Area subdivided .. .. Acres 2,135 1,500 1,555 1,910 7,100 Area grassed .. .. .. ,, 1,116 860 .. 325 2,301 Area ploughed for crops ,, 70 85 .. 33 188 Area cleared ready for cultivation ,, .. 252 441 245 938 Fences erected .. .. Chains 1,546 1,384 .. 618 3,548 Buildings .. .. .. Cottages 16 12 .. .. 28 Roading .. .. .. Chains 76 40 60 .. 176 General road access .. „ .. .. . ■ .. 440 Shelter-belts .. .. ,, .. 187 .. .. 187 Hay saved .. .. .. Tons 200 200 .. 50 450

a.—io.

In the total expenditure are included items which contributed towards development, but may be taken in as effective assets in the cultivation of further allotments on the scheme and available for loan or transfer to other development schemes. These are as follows : — £ Farm implements, trucks, tractors and tools ; horses and equipment .. 4,545 Dairy stock .. .. .. ■ ■ • • • • .. 1,636 £6,181 After allowing for depreciation, these items may be deducted from the total expenditure, leaving, say, £28,000 as the cost of development to the 31st March, 1932. This should be considered reasonable for the results obtained. The Horohoro Scheme in relation to General Native-land Development. Apart from the direct results stated above, the effect of the development work at Horohoro may be traced throughout the Waiariki district and beyond. It has led various sub-tribes of Te Arawa, and the tribes of Tauranga, Taupo, and the Urewera country to regard in a different light the land resources still in their possession. It has convinced many refractory and difficult Maori communities that co-ordinated development on a proper plan is sounder for them than individual and isolated efEort, until the time arrives for subdivision into units and individual farming. Representatives of other tribes have been encouraged to visit this and nearby schemes that have been organized in the same way. Such visits have resulted in the extension of the policy of co-ordinated, connected development by owners, who group themselves for mutual assistance. The scheme has built up a fund of experience in the handling of similar country, has assembled a supply of implements and equipment for dealing therewith, and demonstrated not only the possibilities of the pumice lands, but the relation of land-settlement to the health and social problems of the Maori people. The story of this scheme has occupied more space perhaps than should have been alloted to it in a statement for the information of Parliament. The justification may be urged that the scheme has attracted some criticism as an experiment which should have awaited the experience of other Departments of State. The Native Department, which has long sufEered a kind of inferiority complex, should not, it was thought, have ventured so boldly or on so extensive a scale. However practical agriculturists or farm economists or investigating committees may regard the methods and organization adopted or the results obtained, no one can doubt the great influence that this scheme has exercised over a very large section of the Maori race. In the most serious crisis which New Zealand has experienced it has done much to lift the spirit of the people and to spur its youth to action. Nothing has fired the immagination of the right-thinking Maori so much in recent years or done so much to restore to him the self-respect, which the loss of his lands and other resources, and the degradation of his social state, had almost destroyed. Who in the days that lie before can assess the invisible assets, the creation of which may be attributed to the attempt to conquer the uninviting soils of Horohoro ? (b) Pabekakangi. This scheme is practically an extension of Horohoro, but is organized as a separate scheme, because the land is owned by a different branch of the Tuhourangi Sub-tribe of Te Arawa, and it is thought advisable to keep its costs apart from those of the earlier scheme. The blocks that comprise the Parekarangi scheme adjoin Horohoro and are situated at an average distance of six miles from Rotorua, on the north side of the Rotorua-Atiamuri Road. The land is undulating with steep faces, surrounding the area of light forest from which it takes its name. Experience has, however, shown that practically all of the open land, even the steep faces, is ploughable. It is well watered. The land adjoining the bush, judging by experience of land similarly situated at Horohoro, is suitable for the best kind of pasture, but requires special attention because of the heavy fern. The area of open land is estimated at 1,570 acres, of which 431 acres are classed as steep. The appropriate provisions of the Act of 1929 were applied to Parekarangi on the 6th June, 1931. In the management of this scheme it was decided, owing to the looseness of the soil and the great growth of fern, to concentrate on ring-fencing and subdivisional fencing from the inception, and to consolidate the soil with heavy cattle. Fifteen and a quarter miles of fences were erected by the 31st March, 1932. Bullocks were loaned from the properties in the neighbourhood, which were administered by the Maori Land Board, and from Horohoro. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £4,520. The extent of development carried out up to that date was as follows Acres. £ Area cleared of scrub and fern .. .. .. .. 729 462 Ploughed, cultivated, grassed, and manured .. . . ~ 162 j Cultivated for potatoes .. .. .. .. .. 5) Chains. Fencing into eight paddocks, including material .. .. 1,222 1,470 Road formation .. . . .. . • ■ • • ■ 250 786 Draining .. .. .. • • • - • • • • 186 170 Buildings and accommodation .. . . . .. .. 194 Sundries .. .. .. ' • • • • • • • • 639 £4,520

28

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Most of the work was done by contract, subsidized from unemployment funds to the extent of £393, but this amount did not come to credit of the scheme until the current financial year. The value of tools, equipment, and material on hand at the end of March, 1932, was £148, and reclamations were due from other schemes for battens supplied from the Parekarangi bush. After allowing for these items, the cost of development completed to the 31st March, 1932, was £3,979, of which one-third was for fencing. Most of the fencing, however, anticipated the cultivation and pasturing programme of the following year. (c) Peka. This scheme completes the series of schemes that have been put in operation along the RotoruaAtiamuri Road from Horohoro to the junction of that road with the Rotorua-Taupo Main Highway, just south of the Hemo Gorge. It brings under development the lands of another subdivision of the Tuhourangi Sub-tribe of Whakarewarewa Village. The decision to extend development to these lands was arrived at after many months of consideration and deliberation. Congested State of Whakarewarewa Village. One factor may be mentioned here as influencing the decision in regard to blocks owned by the Whakarewarewa Natives on the Atiamuri Road, wherever the land is suitable for cultivation and is reasonably well watered. That factor is the congestion of the Maori population in the Whakarewarewa Village, which had been the subject of a report by a special Commission in 1926 (see G.-7, 1926). The Commission consisted of the present Under-Secretary for Public Works, Mr. C. J. McKenzie, Mr. R. G. Hammond, Town-planner, Mr. Mair, the Government Architect, Dr. Peter H. Buck (Te Rangihiroa), and Mr. H. T. Mitchell. The Commission quoted instances of overcrowding, and stated that many of the buildings were unsuitable and in a dilapidated condition. It was estimated at the time that forty-five buildings should be demolished. The Commission recommended as one of the remedial measures the erection of a model village above the present Whakarewarewa Village to which part of the population might be persuaded to move. Up to 1931 nothing had been done beyond the construction of a road to the proposed site. In the meantime the congestion had increased, and there had been outbreaks of typhoid and many deaths from tuberculosis. It was becoming a more urgent and insistent problem to provide homes elsewhere for some of the Whakarewarewa families. The attractions of the village life and of the thermal springs, and of casual employment on afforestation projects had satisfied the wants of the population until the present depression became acute. The opportunity afforded by the development schemes, which had been undertaken on lands in which they had interests and which were so close to their village, and the growing difficulty of securing employment, influenced their elders to apply for an extension of the Horohoro scheme, which they had kept under keen if sceptical observation. Early in 1931 Mita Taupopoki, the well-known elder of Whakarewarewa, asked that his lands, the Peka and Waitaruna Blocks, should be brought under the development scheme. Formal steps were taken on the 6th June, 1931, when an area of 1,148 acres was gazetted under section 23 of the 1929 Act. The scheme was extended during the following summer by the purchase of two freehold sections owned by Mr. J. P. Lawrie, of a net area of a little over 90 acres, which were so situated as to make the development of the best part of the Peka Block difficult and expensive, necessitating the maximum amount of boundary-fencing to exclude the small area. The purchase was strongly recommended in order to remove two awkward salients. At the same time Mita Taupopoki made a gift of eight acres at the junction of the Taupo and Atiamuri Roads as a site for a dairy factory. It was also decided to acquire from one Williamson the lease of an area containing 120 acres on the north side of the Atiamuri Road, opposite the Peka Block, and to add it to the Peka scheme. This completed the connection of the Peka with the Parekarangi scheme on the one side, and with the Tihiotonga Block, which was farmed by the Waiariki Board, on the other side. The following -comment on the unique position occupied by the enlarged Peka scheme may be quoted : — " The purchase of Lawrie's and Williamson's, the near prospect of the commencement of dairying on Horohoro and Ngakuru, taken in conjunction with its position at the junction of two main roads, which debouch through the Hemo Gorge, a veritable gut, to the most important inland centre of the district, all combine to make Peka a scheme of first-rate importance. Mita Taupopoki's gift enhances its value as a possible collecting and manufacturing point for the produce of the lands, which the Crown is developing." The expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £2,291, exclusive of the cost of the purchases mentioned, which amounted to £649. The Farm Supervisor reported that the following development work had been completed up to that date :— Three hundred acres cleared, burnt, and stumped ready for ploughing, of which 100 acres were ploughed, worked, and sown in oats and temporary grasses ; 400 chains new fencing ; 95 acres draining ; and 120 chains access roading. All work had been done in a thorough manner. Drainage, fencing, roading, and scrub-cutting were subsidized from unemployment funds, but the subsidy was not available within the financial year. The expenditure included equipment (implements, tools, truck, &c.) costing £287. (d) Waipapa Bush. Reference has been made to the purchase of totara posts for the Horohoro scheme at £9 per hundred, a price which was considered excessive' having regard to the plentiful supply of this class of timber in forests within easy reach of Rotorua. The supply and price were dependent on the lorry merchants, who had secured control of Maori supplies at Oruanui and Te Whaiti. It appeared necessary, in view of the scale of development in the Rotorua district, to secure control from the forests to the fencing-lines in order to reduce to a minimum the delivered cost to all schemes within economic range.

29

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It was therefore decided at the end of 1930 to purchase from the Dansey family the WaipapaWhatapo Block, 90 acres 3 roods 37 perches, at £2,500. The Forestry Service had appraised the bush on the 25th of June, 1930, and valued the totara alone at £2,474 ; and had stated that there was in addition a heavy stand of matai and rimu, matai being the dominant species. The officers of the Native Department estimated that over one hundred thousand totara posts (with strainers, blocks, and stays and battens in addition) could be obtained, and more than twice that quantity of matai posts. Treasury was assured that this method of obtaining supplies of posts was more economical than purchasing posts as required. It has certainly secured a reduction in the price of fencing-posts throughout the Rotorua district, given much-needed employment to Maoris, and assured a certain and constant supply. The Waipapa Bush as a scheme was attached in the first place to Horohoro, but was afterwards separated at the request of Treasury. The expenditure to the 31st March 1931, was £2,628, of which the purchase of the land accounted for £2,500. Camp equipment and track-making were responsible for £128. During the 1931-32 financial year forty-one men were employed off and on in the bush. The expenditure to the end of that financial year amounted to £4,778, including the cost of the land, £2,506 ; the purchase of a motor-truck £227 ; road and track making, £423 ; and camp accommodation and equipment, £180. The output from the bush to the 31st March, 1932, was as follows : —

(e) Brent's Farm. As a precautionary measure, in view of the possibility of stock troubles arising on Horolioro and adjoining schemes, it was deemed advisable to acquire an area of healthy land near Rotorua, to which stock affected with bush sickness might be removed. It was also necessary to have quarters in a convenient and central position for a reliable stockman. On the 14th October, 1931, the manager of Brent's Ltd. offered the land known as Brent's Farm, a Native leasehold comprising 335 acres 1 rood 36 perches, of which nearly 29 acres were subleased. The Farm Supervisor reported favourably on the property. It was warm, undulating land, facing north, with little waste on it and subdivided into small paddocks. He valued the improvements at £3,112. An offer of £9 an acre was approved by Cabinet, or £2,760, and the sale was completed at that price in March, 1932. At the realization sale of stock and equipment sundry purchases were made by the Department, which added £188 to the expenditure for the .year. Brent's Farm is on the healthy side of Rotorua. The land is covered with Rotomahana mud, and will provide excellent change paddocks for young stock, especially dairy weaner heifers. (/) Mourea. This scheme embraces a number of leasehold and freehold properties purchased from Messrs. G. N. Vaughan and S. A. Pethybridge. The negotiations in respect of these were commenced in the early part°of 1931 by offers from or on behalf of the lessees or owners. The purchase of Vaughan's properties was completed at the end of March, 1931 ; and that of Pethybridge's at the end of July, 1931. The total area purchased was 2,671 acres, consisting of 755 acres of European freehold, all but 232 acres of which was grassed and enclosed, and 1,916 acres of Native leaseholds, of which about 500 acres were in rough pasture. The purchase price was £5,777. Small pieces of Native freehold land situated at Tikitere and Ruamata were added before the end of the financial year 1931-32, amounting to 348 acres, which brought the total area under this scheme to 3,019 acres. The lands comprised in this scheme are distributed as follows : 1,100 acres on the north side of the Ohau Channel and 1,919 acres on the south side of that channel. Of the latter 180 acres are situated on the west side of the Rotorua-Taheke Road, almost immediately south of the channel, the area being known locally as Okahu ; 133 acres lie south-east of the Tikitere springs ; and the balance, 1,606 acres, are on the north side of the Rotorua - Te Teko - Opotiki Highway and between such highway and Lake Rotoiti. The lands north of the Ohau Channel are bounded on the north and north-east by the lands comprised in the Taheke Development Scheme, a scheme financed by the Waiariki Maori Land Board. They are for the most part hilly and fern-clad, but fertile and reasonably healthy for stock. Small areas are suitable for dairying without much preparation, but a larger area can be rendered suitable with internal roading and a comprehensive system of water-supply. In the meantime these lands are being broken into pasture for grazing sheep and*cattle. The development of these lands was undertaken early in the 1931-32 financial year, the work being allotted to unemployed Maoris of Mourea and Taheke. The fern was burnt off, the land sown in grass and top-dressed, fenced in, and stocked with wethers and bullocks. The fencing completed on this part of the Mourea scheme consisted of 807 chains of new fences and 170 chains of repairs. The area grassed was 200 acres and the total area enclosed 750 acres in four subdivisions.

30

I Posts. Strainers. Battens. Blocks. j Stays. J I j Fff ~ rr _______ To schemes .. .. .. •• 29,892 526 I 16,040 558 86 To camp .. ■. • • • • 295 6 500 30 On hand .. .. .. •• 14,673 160 j 22,031 1,800 97 Miscellaneous .. .. • ■ • • 56 j 170 183 44,860 748 38,741 j 2,571 183 Missing .. .. • • • • | 167 .. .... 33 4-4,693 ' 748 38,741 2,571 j 150 ! !

G.—lo.

In regard to the 180-acre piece called Okahu, and the areas at Tikitere and between Tikitere and Lake Rotoiti, it was decided to introduce a colony of men from the Ngati-Porou Tribe of the East Coast to provide much-needed leadership in the w T ork of development. The contours of the country, which is broken by several gullies and pockmarked with steam holes and mud springs, and the great variety of surface cover, fern, gorse, broom, blackberry, light to heavy manuka, and light bush, presented problems in development, which required an experienced, disciplined, keen, and industrious group of men to meet and surmount. Men were selected for experience in all branches of farm work, with emphasis on expert knowledge of fencing, of all cultivation operations, and especially of dairying. Rapata Karaka (Bob Clarke), one of the best dairy-farmers of the Waiapu district, was appointed foreman at the head of a colony of seven of his fellow-tribesmen. In addition to four expert fencers and experienced dairy-farmers there were two students of Hawkesbury College, who had gained diplomas in dairying and agriculture, one being a qualified herd-tester and'buttermaker. Four of the party were good ploughmen, and all were keen and hard-working. Unemployed Maoris of Mourea and Taheke were also employed on this part of the scheme scrubcutting and roadmaking. Reporting on the 31st March, 1932, the Farm Supervisor summed up the word done on this part of the scheme :— 320 acres (including 70 acres of heavy gorse land) cleared, stumped, burnt, ploughed, and worked up. The stumping and grubbing were very heavy, and at one period over 50 men were employed ; 250 acres of this area were ploughed, grassed, and top-dressed, and 70 acres were sown in swedes ; 124 chains of access road to the Otutatara Valley ; 131 chains of drains formed, 97 being through heavy, marshy, log-strewn land ; Water-supply (ram-driven), with 60 chains of pipes, and a concrete reservoir ; Buildings—Two cottages, one stable, and feed-shed ; 156 acres top-dressed ; And stumping, clearing, and ploughing were in progress in the Otutatara Valley. The expenditure on development to the 31st March, 1932, on all sections of the scheme amounted to £6,992, not including the cost of lands purchased. The details are given in the accompanying schedules. Up to that date the progress of development may be summarized as follows :— Acres. Land in good pasture .. .. .. .. .. 628 Land in swedes .. .. .. .. .. .. 70 Land in rough pasture ... .. . . .. .. 400 Chains. Fencing: New, 1,633 chains; repairs, 170 chains .. .. 1,803 Road access .. .. .. .. .. .. 124 Draining .. .. .. .. .. . . ~ 131 And buildings, water-supply, and cultivation work were in progress as already mentioned. Dairy stock and draught horses accounted for £587, equipment for £339, while £211 was paid for rent and rates on various blocks included in the scheme. The heaviest item in the expenditure was for fencing, the labour and material which came to charge up to the 31st March, 1932, reaching £2,199. The covering of Rotomahana mud from the Tarawera eruption over the greater part of the surface of the Tikitere lands has made it very responsive to cultivation and manuring. The cost of development is likely to be higher per acre than in the case of the schemes on the Rotorua-Atiamuri Road, but production should be greater and the after-treatment less expensive. As an example of fertility of these lands, it may be mentioned that one of the Okahu paddocks, containing 80 acres, which was laid down in pasture by the former occupier, Mr. Vaughan, many years ago and was treated with 3 cwt. per acre of the lime-super mixture in the winter of 1932, has been able to carry from the end of September,'l932, to the end of January, 1933, 165 yearling Jersey heifers and eight bulls, and 300 four-tooth wethers. At the end of January the grass had got away and patches of ragwort were in flower, showing that even with this heavy stocking there were not enough sheep to control the ragwort. The strike of newly sown grasses in paddocks fronting the Rotorua-Opotiki Road is remarkable, and in the Otutatara Valley, fronting Lake Rotoiti, a pasture is in course of establishment, which will be equal to the best in the Rotorua and Bay of Plenty districts. (g) Taheke. The Taheke Blocks subject to the Taheke Development Scheme were listed in the schedules to 6.-10,. 1931, the total area being 15,745 acres. This scheme has been financed from the funds of the Waiariki Maori Land Board, the expenditure, details of which are submitted in the accompanying schedules, amounting at the end of March, 1932, to £13,069. The scheme is mentioned here because, although State funds have not been involved, it has been officially brought under the provisions of section 23 of the Act of 1929. (h) Maketu. At the 31st March, 1932, what is known as the Maketu Development Scheme, was organized in three sections as follows :— a. e. p. a. e. p. (1) Maketu Farm .. .. .. .. 1,078 033 Pukaingataru .. .. .. .. 126 1 15 1,204 2 8 (2) Te Puke .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 422 22 (3) Motiti Island .. .. .. ~ ~ ~ 852 0 1 Total area .. .. .. .. .. 2,479 011

31

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(1) Maketu Farm. This farm takes its name from the village and peninsula of that name, famed in Maori history as the landing-place of the Arawa canoe, whence members of her crew colonized the coastal lands and penetrated to the region of the thermal springs, and even to Taupo. The nucleus of the present Maketu Farm consisted of lands which had been sold to Europeans. The Arawa Tribe had gravitated towards Rotorua and lost its grip on the coastal lands. _ When the settlement with the Crown over Rotorua and other lakes in the thermal springs district was effected in 1922-23 and the Arawa Trust Board was established to administer the annual fund of £6,000 resulting from that settlement, the Board repurchased the Maketu lands sold to Europeans, and undertook the development and farming thereof. Considerable progress had been made up to 1930, at which point two dairy-farms were in operation, completely equipped and stocked. The property was well subdivided, and a good water-supply had been installed, which ministered to one-half of the dairyable area. Half of the farm was fully improved, but there remained much m rough pasture, poorly watered and infested with ragwort and gorse. The consolidation of titles was on the point of completion, which was calculated to bring about an aggregation of the Board s purchases, as well as an adjustment of the interests of Maori families, which had not sold their lands. During 1930 the Board found it impracticable to carry on the development of its estate or to assist in the development of sections outside the holdings of the Board, but which were owned by members of the Arawa Tribe living at Maketu. During 1930 the effects of the depression reached Maketu and other areas on the Bay of Plenty coast, so that the Native population, which had been able to secure employment on public works, in the flax swamps or timber-mills, or on the farms of European farmers, was thrown on its own resources. Under the circumstances the Trust Board asked the Native Minister to assist the Board in carrying out a programme of development, involving a large sum, by which unemployment might be relieved. The Native Minister was not prepared to do this, unless the full control of the farm was transferred to the Native Department, free of liability for capital expenditure up to the time of transfer, but subject to the investigation of some of the outstanding debts of the farm and the acquisition by the Department of such dairy stock, implements, and material on hand as the Department might think fit. The Board agreed to these terms on the 14th October, 1931, and steps were taken to adjust accounts and to bring the Maketu lands under the provisions of the development legislation. These provisions were applied on the 18th December, 1930, but the adjustment of accounts was not completed until the Bth August, 1931. The Department secured any expenditure from the Native Land Settlement Account by a first charge on the assets of Maketu Farm, which were unencumbered. The Minister, in reviewing the position of this property in relation to surrounding Native lands, _ was of opinion that it would form the nucleus of a larger scheme, comprising lands at Te Puke, at Pukaingataru, and as far east as Matata. Maketu was central to this area, and might be developed as a base farm for the district, serving it in the matter of dairy stock of good quality, and. as an example of efficient farm methods. Young Maoris of the Arawa Tribe could receive their training on the farm and later find openings elsewhere in the Arawa district. While the improvements effected on the farm rendered it attractive, the lands not controlled by the Board, which fronted the main road and surrounded the Village of Maketu, were shabby and unkempt. The following is a note made at the end of 1930 : — " Maketu is at present a medley of irregular tracks, half-formed roads, old and decrepit buildings, noxious weeds, ancient fruit-tree groves, swampy patches, and sandy foreshores. A general tidving up is badly needed. Besides the development of the land in the ordinary way for farming purposes, some scheme is required for carrying out general improvements in the way of roading, provision of water-supply, building, and beautifying generally. This should enhance to a considerable degree the value of the Maketu lands, including the Trust Board's farm. Maketu is a spot which, not only from its historic interest but from its situation on the sea-coast close to shell-fish supplies and seaside-camp sites, attracts people from the inland lake region. The all-round improvement of the Maketu area should increase its attractions, from which the development scheme should derive benefit." The policy pursued at Maketu since the Department assumed control has followed closely on the lines indicated in the last paragraph. Grants have been made from time to time for relieving unemployment through, piece-work, the contracts comprising the construction of short access roads, the clearing of noxious weeds, and the reconditioning of fences, as well as development work on the farm. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1931, was £1,844, of which £870 was for dairy cows and heifers purchased from the Arawa Trust Board, £335 for fencing material, £382 for further development, £94 for fertilizers, and the balance for maintenance and sundries. During the ensuing financial year, 1931—32, the expenditure was increased to £8,667 gross, or, after deducting sales of sheep, pigs, butterfat, and other produce amounting to £1,508, to a net total of £7,159. Further dairy stock was purchased, bringing the cost of this item to £2,062 ; increased activity in fencing brought the cost of that item to £2,142, of which wire, posts, and other material accounted for £1,802 ; roading cost £386, and the purchase of sheep, horses, and pigs £416. The gross amount of expenditure included wages and other expenses for maintenance of the dairyfarms. Further development by way of building, clearing, draining, cultivating, pasturing, and top-dressing increased the expenditure on development since the Department took over the property to £2,074, or, with fencing included, to £4,216. The carrying-capacity of the farm was more than doubled, and with the method adopted of grazing sheep and bullocks in rotation with the dairy herds the pastures were immensely improved. Whereas in December, 1930, there were seventy-one cows being milked, twelve months later there were 140 and preparations were being made to increase the number in the 1932-33 season to 250.

32

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The Trading Account of the farm from the 18th December, 1930, to the 31st March, 1932, showed, after allowing for all items of maintenance and working expenses, £279 for interest at 6 J per cent, and £79 for depreciation, a loss of £79. No allowance was made for interest on the value of the assets owned by the Arawa Trust Board. (2) Te Puke Subdivision. Subdivisions of the Rangiuru 2a Block at Te Puke, comprising 422 acres, were added to the Maketu scheme on the 28th July, 1931, after strong pressure from the Natives of Te Puke. It was arranged that separate accounts should be kept for this portion of the Maketu scheme, which was officially known as Te Puke Subdivision. Half of the lands abutted on the Kaituna River, and was covered with cabbage-trees, manuka, and blackberry. The clearing and grubbing of these and drainage operations were rendered difficult by the presence of stumps and other remnants of ancient forests. Development contracts were let to unemployed Maoris for clearing manuka and blackberry and for grubbing and removing cabbage-trees and manuka, the area being estimated at 4-00 acres. The price, £681, which carried a one-third subsidy, was considered very reasonable, and there is no doubt that the contractors worked at a sacrifice. A moderate amount of fencing and draining was also carried out with unemployment labour, subsidized from the Unemployment Fund. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, amounted to £1,638, the main items being fencing, which cost in labour and material £359, and scrub-cutting, clearing, and cultivation, which cost £1,014. (3) Motiti Island. As the result of a visit by the Native Minister to Motiti Island during the first week of January, 1932, the sections owned by Maoris on that island were added to the Maketu scheme, the total area of these being 852 acres. Although the Motiti Maoris have cultivated their lands for many years past, growing maize for the Auckland market as well as vegetables for their own use, and have ploughed and worked up all their cultivable lands, their fields revealed the lack of suitable fertilizers, and other assistance was required to enable them to partition the small farms and to follow up maize-growing with temporary pastures. The island has no suitable fencing-timber, so that not only posts but also battens had to be supplied from the mainland. The assistance they asked for was moderate, and the security not only in land and crops, but in the character and reputation of the people for industry, was more than ample. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £298, and was entirely for fencing-material. (j) Kaitimako (Tauranga). Several applications were made from the Tauranga district for assistance towards the development of Native lands. The Farm Supervisor and Consolidation Officers inspected the areas submitted, and explained the provisions of the development legislation to the Native communities concerned. It was not till the end of 1931 that it was decided to make a beginning at Kaitimako, a block of land situated on the south side of the Tauranga-Te Puke Road, about a mile and a half from the Tauranga Town boundary. Section 23 of the Act of 1929 was applied on the 7th December, 1931. Small allotments at Hairini were added on the 10th February, 1932, making the total area comprised in the Kaitimako scheme 778 acres 1 rood 14 perches. The Kaitimako Block faces north : it is mostly undulating land with a few steep faces on it. The soil is a black loam over pumice. At the time the land was brought under the development scheme a few owners were in occupation, one of whom had cleared most of his holding (Kaitimako Ī No. 2, 108J acres). With the exception of about 100 acres cleared by these owners, the balance of the land was in gorse. It was estimated that to clear and grub the gorse would cost £4 an acre, while ploughing and working up for pasture or crops would cost a further £1 10s. an acre. The block Was reported upon favourably for development. Steps were taken forthwith to improve the access road, which passed through the whole length of the block, connecting it with the highway ; also to clear the gorse preparatory to ploughing ; and to assemble the necessary fencing material. By the first week of March, 1932, 600 acres of gorse had been cleared and burnt and a beginning made with ploughing; the access road been regraded and formed 14 ft. wide as to one and a half miles and 10 ft. as to a quarter of a mile ; 84J chains of draining had been completed, and a further 30 chains were under way. It was estimated that seventy men found employment on this scheme. The total expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £1,565. The details may be quoted here : Equipment, £81; clearing and draining, £928 ; fencing, £320 ; cultivation, £10 ; roading, £178 ; sundries (including survey), £48 : total, £1,565. Unemployment subsidies on the contracts amounting to approximately £390 were payable, but not collected until after the end of the financial year. The results to the end of March, 1932, were considered satisfactory, and did much to establish confidence in the capacity and trustworthiness of the Kaitimako community. One of their young men, Pehiriri Reweti, was appointed foreman of the scheme. The further cultivation of the land was delayed only by the necessity of arranging for horses and implements. The fencing programme was also put in hand and contracts let for splitting battens. The total length of fencing to be constructed was estimated at eight and a half miles. These operations, however, fall into the 1932-33 financial year. 5—G. 10.

33

Gr. —10.

(A) Tokaanu. This scheme was operated under section 25 of the Native Trustee Act, 1930, by the Native Trustee with his own funds. It was decided to transfer the scheme to the Native Department, and this step was taken on the 31st March, 1932. The expenditure by the Native Trustee up to that date was £9,160, details of which are set out in the schedules to this statement. The sum of £8,000 was paid to the Native Trustee on transfer, and this should be taken into account in the statement of expenditure from the Native Land Settlement account as at the end of March, 1932. The balance payable to the Native Trustee was £1,160. The total area brought under this scheme, consisting of subdivisions of Waipapa, Tokaanu A and B, and Hautu No. 3 Blocks, was 3,325 acres and 26 perches. Officially the area was included in the Aotea Maori Land District, but it was deemed advisable to attach the scheme to the Rotorua office of the Native Department. A full report on this scheme is deferred till the next annual statement. Supervision of Schemes in Rotorua Group. The Rotorua group of schemes is supervised by Mr. W. J. Scott, who also supervises the Ngatiawa and Ruatahuna schemes in the Bay of Plenty group. He also has charge of the schemes which are financed by the Waiariki Maori Land Board (Tihiotonga, Wharenui, and Taheke), and controls all matters relating to stock in the Waiariki Maori Land District. The range of these schemes, which extend from Tauranga to Tokaanu and from Wakatane to Ruatahuna, entails ceaseless activity on Mr. Scott's part and a heavy responsibility. His only advantage is that he is at the headquarters of the Board, and is able to keep in the closest touch with the office. In regard to the handling of the stock, he is assisted by Mr. B. Walker, stockman to the schemes, who has immediate charge of Brent's Farm. He is fortunate in the foremen of the various schemes under his supervision, who are responsible for carrying out his instructions. In the capacity of Consolidation Officer and Field Development Officer, Mr. H. T. Mitchell, of Rotorua, assists Mr. Scott and the Board in the general working of the schemes in the Rotorua district. His practical knowledge as a surveyor and his unique position among Te Arawa and neighbouring tribes enable him to perform invaluable service in laying out development work, arranging unemployment contracts, and in solving the innumerable problems that arise in regard to the Native lands of the district. THE BAY OF PLENTY GROUP OF SCHEMES. Dealing with the second, or Bay of Plenty, group of schemes, the details are as follows :— (I) Ngatiawa. This scheme takes its name from that of the tribe which occupies the territory between Ohiwa Harbour, Whakatane, and the Rangitaiki River. When the Whakatane lands were confiscated in 1866 the lands between the Whakatane River and Ohiwa were retained by the Crown ; those lying to the west of the river were returned to the various sub-tribes of Ngatiawa. Several small areas situated on the west of the mouth of Ohiwa Harbour were returned to that section of Ngatiawa, which occupied the Whare-o-Toroa Village, to the east of the Town of Whakatane. These small areas comprised the Ohope Native Reserves. At the end of December, 1930, strong representations were made by some of the sub-tribes of Ngatiawa for assistance to develop the Ohope sections and for the purchase of adjoining undeveloped lands owned by Europeans. The following purchases were effected before the end of March, 1931 : — . Price, per Acre. Acres " £ s d. Hillcrest and Buddie .. .. .. .. 1,547 110 0 Smith .. .. .. .. .. .. 208 1 2 6 Eivers .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,149 2 10 0 Carter .. .. .. .. .. .. 335 4 0 0 3,239 Reduced on survey to .. .. .. .. 3,219 £6,976 The area of the Maori sections at Ohope was 726 acres. The only expenditure on this scheme up to the end of March, 1931, was £6,976, the cost of the lands purchased. Active development began at the end of May, 1931. The undeveloped part of the land bought from Eivers and the whole of the Maori sections at Ohope, which were covered with manuka, light bush, and fern, were cleared by the middle of September. The area cleared was 1,866 acres and the contract price £1 2s. 6d. an acre, subject to an unemployment subsidy of 25 per cent. The area was burnt in October and sown in grass forthwith. The late delivery of an essential ingredient of the grass mixture delayed the sowing of part of the land, so that there was a partial failure in the pasturing, and some 400 acres had to be resown in the following autumn. Portions of the land were top-dressed. The cost of the grass-seeding with mixing, sowing, and top-dressing was £1 10s. an acre. With the scrub and manuka cleared and sown in grass the next problem was the control of the fern and the consolidation of the pasture. The enclosing and subdividing of the cleared land was pushed on vigorously. Some posts and all necessary battens were obtained on the property, but the bulk of the posts used in the fences were purchased from the Taupo Totara Timber Co., Putaruru. Fencing-material assembled on the scheme during the financial year 1931-32 cost £1,180, and labour

34

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employed in fencing £680. Sheep and bullocks were purchased through the Bulk Store Purchase Account from the drought-stricken areas of Poverty Bay and the East Coast, and after being grazed on the property for a period long enough to crush the fern were forwarded to the schemes in the Rotorua district. The eastern portion of Eiver's Block contained much marshy land, which was drained at a cost of £604. The cost of development on the Ngatiawa scheme to the end of March, 1932, was £8,417, as detailed in the schedules to this statement, or an average over the portion of the land developed of £4 10s. an acre. The expenditure included the following items : Equipment, £318 ; buildings and accommodation, £244-; purchase of stock, £473 ; surveys, £111. The labour-cost of development was entitled to an unemployment subsidy estimated at £700, which had not come to credit of the scheme at the 31st March, 1932. Taking these items into account, the actual cost of development chargeable against the land at that date did not exceed £3 10s. an acre. In any discussion of this scheme —and there has been much adverse criticism passed on it by the people of the locality—it should be borne in mind that the factor of relieving unemployment among the Maoris of the district greatly influenced the administration and plan of development. One hundred and three Maoris found employment on the scheme off and on from the end of May, 1931, to the end of April of the following year. The fact that unemployment funds were available to reduce the cost of development to the land was an incentive to undertake development on a large scale. The chain system of handling sheep and cattle from the East Coast farms by way of Whakatane or Ruatoki to the newly established pastures of the Rotorua district enabled the Department to master the problem of crushing fern and consolidating the light soil on the Ohope Block and on Section C of the Ruatoki scheme. Time will show whether the methods adopted on the Ngatiawa scheme will be successful, and whether the settlement of the class of land bordering on the Ohiwa Harbour is justified. (m) Ruatoki. The scheme, which has been established on the Ruatoki Blocks, situated immediately south of the Opouriao Settlement, and the Ruatahuna scheme, which will be dealt with under the next subheading, cater for the greater part of the Tuhoe or Urewera Tribe. The Tuhoe or Urewera Tribe was the last in the Dominion to submit their lands to the jurisdiction of a legally constituted tribunal. The investigation of titles which was begun in the year 1897 was not completed until 1908. In 1910 the Crown decided to acquire land in the Urewera country, and the pursuit of this policy deflected any tendency there may have been among many of the Tuhoe folk to engage in farming. The Ruatoki Blocks fortunately were excluded from the operations of the Land Purchase Officers, so that when it became necessary in 1921 to consolidate the interests purchased by the Crown in the Urewera Blocks and the interests retained by the Native owners the adjustments did not affect the Ruatoki Blocks. Although the Urewera country remained virgin to land-title tribunals until the end of the nineteenth century, so that a halo of mystery surrounded the territory and misconceptions arose as to the primitive conditions under which its romantic inhabitants lived, the Tuhoe people have had the same opportunities of establishing contact with the culture of the pakeha as those of the King-country or of Taupo, and even of the neighbouring Whakatane, Opotiki, and Poverty Bay districts. It is true that schools and roads were not introduced until the end of the nineteenth century, but the youth of the tribe was in constant touch with affairs in the surrounding districts, found employment at shearing, bushfelling, and other development work and on public works to the same degree as the Maoris of neighbouring tribes. It was not surprising, therefore, to find the Maoris of Ruatoki following the example of these tribes or of the European settlers of the Opouriao and Taneatua settlements, and turning serious attention to the cultivation of the fertile lands on both sides of the Whakatane River, which were comprised in the Ruatoki Blocks. In 1910 legislation was passed which enabled the Opouriao Dairy Co. to establish a cheese-factory at Ruatoki. The Ruatoki Natives had previously engaged in dairying, but the establishment of the factory in their midst stimulated further progress, so that twenty years later they had approximately 2,000 acres of their land in pasture of sorts and in crops, and were providing one-third of the milk-supply of the cheese-factory. It was evident, however, that the nature of the land titles, the inadequacy of financial assistance, the lack of organization and supervision, and the comparative inexperience of the people militated against the attainment of a high standard in farming or the possession of herds of good quality. In regard to land titles the Native Land Court had determined owners in the usual way and had partitioned the blocks into family and sub-tribal holdings. But, as often happened in such matters, the determinations of the Court were governed by Native custom, which allocated specific areas to longdeparted ancestors, and compelled their living descendants to accept mathematically calculated proportionate interests at such places and in such areas as their genealogical descent might decree. It resulted that a man descended from a number of successful ancestors might find himself entitled to many valuable, but scattered and too often undefined areas of land. If in addition to the implications of ancestral right, some arrangement were made to equalize interests between high country and low, or between lands on one side of a river and those on the other side, or between what may be termed village lands and farm lands, it is easy to conceive the dilemma of the hapless individual. As to finance, some assistance was given by the dairy company, some by European farmers, who supplied cattle the cost of which was paid out of milk cheques, but most was obtained from local storekeepers. It may be stated here that when the Department undertook the development and financing of the Ruatoki Blocks it was not called upon to assume liability for more than three accounts secured by stock mortgage. Land mortgages were not permitted by law in any part of the Urewera country.

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The circumstances which led to the occupation of the Ruatoki Valley in pre-pakeha days brought together five or six warring clans, who in the course of time established spheres of influence, that are reflected to-day in some eight or nine villages, most of them on the eastern bank of the Whakatane River. Each clan and village has sought to maintain its identity and prestige, but, in the effort, has made the creation of an efficient central organization for purposes of general utility well nigh impossible. It is very creditable to the Ruatoki Maoris that in the face of such difficulties they were able to cultivate so much of their lands and to engage and maintain themselves in one of the most exacting of the primary industries. The fences were of poor material and indifferent construction, but were sufficient for the purpose of enclosing and defining pastures : good fences were not possible without good titles. The dairy herds, laboriously built up from the culls of the district and fed on poor pastures, were well below the average in butter-producing capacity. The farm buildings, cow-sheds, yards, and dairy equipment left much to be desired. Maize-growing and the cultivation of food crops without fertilizing had impoverished the soil, and too often no attempt was made to establish pastures after crops, so that the low-producing herds starved through the winter months on corn stubble and weeds. To add to the difficulties, there was a marked increase in the population. The Tuhoe were among the most noted warriors of the old regime, whose boast was "He kotahi na Tuhoe, e kata te po ! " " One warrior of Tuhoe, and Hades shall laugh ! " The rigorous climate, the strenuous conditions of life, and the constant warfare among themselves or against neighbouring tribes, whose territories encircled them, had produced one of the most vigorous tribal stocks in Maoridom. Vigorous and hard physically the Tuhoe tribesman was keen and alert mentally, eminently practical and humorous withal. Where the village communities might have lacked cohesion the discipline of the Ringatu Church, established by Te Kooti among them sixty years ago, had done much to secure co-operation and a common line of attack on the problems imposed by the culture of the pakeha. Steps were taken to adjust the land titles through a scheme for the consolidation of interests. The scheme progressed so far that, at the end of July, 1929, the consolidation officers reported all necessary data completed. It was submitted, however, that numerous owners, who did not wish to retain locations in the Ruatoki Valley, were pressing to sell their interests to the Crown, and it was recommended that the Crown should buy them out, being for the most part absentee owners, and so enable those owners who were farming at Ruatoki to adjust or enlarge their holdings. In pursuit of this recommendation the Crown purchased interests valued at £4,354. The scheme of consolidation was completed in June, 1931, and under it the purchases made by the Crown were disposed of as follows : — £ s. d. Definite awards of land .. .. .. .. .. 1,087 17 11 Transfer to Waiohau .. .. .. .. .. .. 595 11 7 Interests included in forty-eight Native sections .. .. .. 2,675 4 4 £4,358 13 10* * Note. —Amount increased by £5 for Court fees outstanding. During November, 1931, a further adjustment was made by the Department in respect of the interests of the Crown, which had been included in the forty-eight Native sections. The Ruatoki Development Scheme had been undertaken in the meantime, and all the said sections comprised part of it. Loan accounts were opened for the occupiers of these sections, and it was decided to debit the amount of the Crown's interest in each section against the occupier's loan account, a charge being taken in favour of the Crown for the whole of the loan account. The final adjustment was made by a transfer from the item " Native Land Purchases " to the item " Native Land Development " within the Native Land Settlement Account. The Ruatoki Blocks were brought under section 23 of the Act of 1929 on the 7th April, 1930. Additions were made on the 18th August, 1930, and the 26th May, 1931. At the end of the.1931-32 financial year the total area subject to the Ruatoki Development Scheme amounted to 22,893 acres. Mr. J. D. Rutledge was appointed Farm Supervisor, and commenced his duties early in the 1930-31 financial year. Subdivisions of Ruatoki Scheme. The scheme was organized in three sections as follows : — (a) Section A, comprising arable flats on both sides of the Whakatane River, being the portions then occupied, farmed, and cultivated. The extent of this section was 4,227 acres 2 roods 26 perches. When the control of the land was vested in the Department it was estimated that the area under fair pasture was 1,194 acres. The Natives had been milking on it for many years, but there was room for improvement in regard to cultivation, fencing, pastures, and stock. It was expected that assistance would resolve itself into terms of fencing-material, seeds, and manure, and young stock of good quality, while the owners and occupiers would be encouraged by the assurance of such assistance to apply their labour, without cost to the Department, to ploughing, draining, top-dressing, and other work. (b) Section B, comprising the fern and bushclad hills on the east of Section A. The developable portion of this was estimated at 1,800 acres, which could be brought into pasture by clearing, fencing, and crushing the fern with heavy cattle, followed by sheep. Work on this portion was not considered as urgent as the reconditioning of the pastures on Section A, and the extension of cultivation on the latter area and on parts of Section C. It was anticipated that in a few years the demand would arise for winter pasture on the slopes of the hills and for some sheep-farming to supplement dairying and cropping.

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(c) Section C, comprising tie largest area of the three sections. For the purposes of development an area was demarcated, containing 4,335 acres 2 roods 37 perches, known as Ohaua and Ngahina. This consisted of low fernclad hills on the west side of the Whakatane River, and west of the portion of Section A which was on that side of the river. There were small marshes on this section, and the land was well suited to the method of development pursued on the Horohoro and Waimiha schemes. Section C provided an outlet for the surplus population of Ruatoki, also scope for the relief of unemployment. As to the remainder of the area brought under the Ruatoki scheme it consisted for the most part of forest lands and poor mountain country. But it included a promising stretch of land in the Owhakatoro Valley, to which settlement might be extended if world prices for primary produce return to a payable level. The Department acquired a small section of land with a cottage thereon for the Farm Supervisor at a cost of £575. It took a considerable time to bring the great mass of detail involved in this scheme under proper control, so that the correct treatment might be applied to each part and the whole co-ordinated on sound lines. The Farm Supervisor was assisted by a committee of the leading men in the settlement, and the Maori Land Board at Rotorua kept in close touch with the scheme through constant visits by its officers. On Section A the expenditure was confined to the supply of dairy stock, fencing-material, seeds, and fertilizers, all labour being supplied by the occupiers of sections without payment. A commencement was made in the development of Section C, such work as draining, roading, and clearing beinc carried out with assistance from unemployment funds. The Ruatoki Natives adopted in respect of the work on this section of the scheme the policy that Te Puea had followed at Wai uku. An allowance to cover pakeha food was given to a nominated member of a family or group while at work, the equivalent in money appearing as a wage on the scheme wage-sheet. Thus during the financial year ending the 31st March, 1931, out of a total expenditure of nearly £4,500 wages accounted for only £575, and these did not come into the accounts until the next financial period. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1931, amounted to £4,489. The following details, which are repeated in the schedules to this statement, are given here in order that comment may be made on them: Accommodation for Supervisor, store-shed, &c., £801 ; purchase of dairy stock, £1,876 ; fencing-material, £360 ; grass-seed and other seed and sowing, £531 ; fertilizers, £757 ; equipment' £74 ; horse-feed and sundries, £90 : total, £4,489. Included in the purchases were 178 in-calf heifers' 35| tons of wire, 13,000 lb. of grass and clover seed, 146 tons of superphosphate, some implements and building materials. These details are eloquent of the nature of the assistance required to improve the pastures and the farms on Section A of the scheme. During the following financial year, 1931-32, the attack on the undeveloped lands of Section C was begun in earnest. The factor of unemployment was taken into consideration, as it was ascertained that a large number of young men were without work. The wage bill for the year, which exceeded £1,800, reflected in large measure the relief afforded. Roading and draining were responsible for £1,141 of the wages ; scrub-cutting on Section C, £210 ; ploughing and cultivation, £187. The sum of £114 was spent in clearing ragwort, a weed that had taken possession of the Whakatane river-bed lands. The supervision broke down under the weight of detail, and it became necessary to make a change in the last quarter of the financial year. Mr. Rangi Royal, of the Rotorua staff, who was one of the officers specially detailed for consolidation duties at Ruatoki and other parts of the Bay of Plenty, was placed in charge of the Bay of Plenty group of schemes, with headquarters at Ruatoki. By the end of March, 1932, the expenditure on the Ruatoki scheme had increased to £20,646, made up as follow : Accommodation for Supervisor and store-shed, £1,106 ; purchase of dairy stock, £6,513 ; fencing-material, £2,433; grass-seed and other seed and sowing, £3,078 ; fertilizers, £2,684 ; roading, draining, clearing, and cultivation, £1,655 ; and horse-feed, £344 ; equipment, £349 ; discharge of liabilities of settlers, £301 ; sundries, including the cost of herd-testing, £311 ; and transfer of Crown purchases to the loan accounts of assisted settlers (already explained), £2,943. Against this the settlers paid £1,071. It will be noticed that the purchase of dairy stock accounted for nearly one-third of the expenditure ; and that fencing-material, seeds and sowing, and fertilizers absorbed £8,195 ; and that to secure better titles by ridding them of non-occupiers a charge of nearly £3,000 was incurred. These items justify the unusual length of the introductory paragraphs in which it was sought to explain the many features and elements of this scheme, and to emphasize the need for an all-round improvement in the standard of the farming and in the quality of the stock as well as for the development of idle lands. The expenditure covered the purchase of 742 heifers and 13 pedigree bulls ; of fencing material— namely, 9,240 totara posts, stays, and strainers, over 65 tons of wire and 46| cwt. of staples ; 67,546 lb. of grass-seed ; 527 tons of superphosphate. The assembling, storing, and issuing to over one hundred units of these items were exacting tasks, which were not rendered any easier by the need for strict compliance with Treasury regulations relating to the issue of stores. In that connection it was a distinct advantage to have in control of the scheme an officer trained in the service of the Department. He had as assistant the foreman unanimously nominated by the Ruatoki community and appointed by the Minister, Erueti Peene (Edward Biddies), a man in whom the community had the greatest confidence, and who had had long and varied experience in handling men and carrying out every operation relating to the development of land. The Department insisted on the culling of the herds, and in one season three hundred cows, heifers, and steers were forced out of the settlement, being replaced by heifers from good producing herds purchased in the Whakatane district or from Te Puke or from as far afield as Waikato. The improvement in the pastures due to top-dressing, reseeding and cultivation was most marked, and cropping and haymaking made rapid strides in the farm economy.

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In the section dealing with the Ngatiawa scheme reference was made to the use of heavy cattle for crushing fern and consolidating pastures. This policy was adopted in the autumn of 1932 on the newly grassed portions of Section C, with excellent results. The results of the expenditure to the end of March, 1932, may now be summarized.

Progress to the 31st March, 1932.

The figures compiled by the Farm Supervisor at the commencement of the Department's administration of the Ruatoki lands have been questioned, and are misleading. Reliable figures were not available until the position as at the end of March, 1932, was carefully reviewed. It was then stated that there were 1,010 cows and heifers being milked by sixty-eight individual settlers, who received assistance from scheme funds. Of these cows, 520 were supplied by the Department as heifers. By culling, the number of cows to be carried into the 1932-33 season was reduced to 972, and there were 160 springers bred on the settlement and 250 more, purchased in Waikato, ready to be added to the milking herds, making in all 1,382. There were also 163 yearlings and 73 bulls. The deductions from milk cheques were sufficient to meet the interest charges to the 31st March, 1932. The settlers were able to pay £1,071 during the 1931-32 financial year, and it was anticipated that this amount would be more than doubled in the following season. All chattels supplied by the scheme funds, as well as the dairy stock taken over from the settlers, were secured to the Department by bills of sale. The Department insisted on total assignments of the milk cheques, but retained only one-third, in some cases less, according to the circumstances of the settlers. Those who had large herds and were in a good position were expected to repay the cost of fertilizers used by them as well as interest on their loan accounts. The number of settlers assisted at the 31st March, 1932, was 120, including those who had not commenced milking. The gross returns to settlers from milk supplied to the factory during the financial year 1931-32 was £6,257 ; and it was estimated that for the current year they would reach £9,000. The latter estimate, however, did not anticipate the severe fall in the price of dairy-produce. The Native Land Settlement Account is further secured by a first charge on the Ruatoki lands, the value of which even at the bed-rock valuations of this unprecedented depression should satisfy the Treasury of the country. One may add to all that has gone before that the best security is the character of the vigorous, industrious, and now well-disciplined Ruatoki community, which is putting forth its full strength under the leadership of their own chiefs and the direction of officers who understand them and in whom they have every confidence. (n) Ruatahuna. This scheme was undertaken in March, 1931, for the relief of distress arising from unemployment and the loss of crops in the Ruatahuna Yalley. This valley is situated on the head waters of the Whakatane River, and is traversed for the greater part of its length by the Rotorua-Waikaremoana-Wairoa Highway. The Natives had effected extensive clearings on the forest lauds bordering the highway and established pastures, the chief grass being cocksfoot; but the improvements had deteriorated badly, the clearings reverting to second growth and the fencing falling into disrepair. When a visit was made to the valley a week after the Hawke's Bay earthquake of 1931 the lands carried a few head of cattle and horses, but no sheep. The plight of the inhabitants was apparent. It was arranged that if they pooled their pastures for a communal flock of sheep, and agreed co subject their lands to a development scheme, the Department would supply the sheep and assist them with material for repairing their fences. It was also arranged to provide relief through unemployment contracts for scrub-cutting and fencing and to issue food-supplies through the Maori Land Board. Owing to its distance from Rotorua it was not possible to keep in close touch with the details of the work on this scheme. But the difficulties of supervision were minimized by simplifying the scope of the Department's liabilities and by the appointment of a reliable foreman, who was a good stockman, to oversee the contracts and look after the sheep. The clearings extended over a number of blocks. For security purposes the full area comprised in the titles to such blocks was brought under section 23 of the 1929 Act, amounting to 12,182 acres 2 roods 7 perches. The estimated area of the clearings was 3,000 acres. A further area was added in August, 1931, a Crown lease of 1,466J acres.

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Area in Grass. Section A. Section C. Total. A. R. P. A. R. P. A. R. P. Area in old grass reconditioned .. .. 1,193 3 32 81 3 0 1,275 2 32 Rough pasture improved .. .. .. 643 3 5 102 2 12 746 1 17 Area sown in 1930 and 1931 .. .. 731 0 5 441 3 27 1,172 3 32 2,568 3 2 626 0 39 3,195 0 1 Area cultivated ready lor sowing, but sown 171 1 28 154 , 1 0 325 2 28 after financial year Total .. .. .. 2,740 0 30 780 1 39 3,520 2 29

G.—lo.

Sheep were purchased in the Poverty Bay and Wairoa districts, 608 wethers, 2,160 breeding ewes, 338 ewes for mutton, and 59 rams. The cost delivered at Ruatahuna was £1,393. Wire and staples were also supplied, which brought the liabilities on this scheme at the 31st March, 1932, to £1,421. None of this, however, came to charge before the end of March, 1932. It was known that the Ruatahuna lands were covered with pumice deposits, probably of the Taupo shower, which extend eastwards as far as the sea at Mohaka. The farm-history of the valley, where sheep had been depastured in former years, did not indicate any stock troubles arising from bush sickness, but on the point there was no certainty. The Farm Supervisor of the district, Mr. Scott, made frequent visits to the valley. During the summer and early autumn a careful watch was kept, so that at the first sign of sickness steps might be taken to remove the sheep. At the beginning of February, 1932, Mr. C. M. Wright, Farm Supervisor of the King-country schemes, was instructed to visit Ruatahuna and to note the condition of the sheep, more particularly of the lambs. He reported that there was no sign of bush sickness. Ragwort has taken a firm hold of the Ruatahuna lands, and, being at the head of the Whakatane River, will always be a menace to the valley watered by that river. An extension of sheep-farming will do much to control the spread of the weed. Ruatahuna occupies a position of some advantage, if it were intended to transfer stock from schemes in the Wairoa and Mohaka districts to Rotorua and Waikato. It is well out of the drought area, and sheep can be delivered from there to Rotorua in a week or eight days. From these two Urewera schemes this review passes on to Opotiki and thence to Cape Runaway. Within a few miles of the east boundary of the Ngatiawa scheme is situated the Wainui Reserve, of 600 acres, which Parliament set aside in 1923 for the adherents of the Ringatu Church, founded by Te Kooti. This was brought under section 23 of the Act of 1929 on the 14th January, 1931. Between Kutarere and Opotiki, at Waiotahe, are sundry Native allotments comprising 325 acres, which were also brought under the provisions of the said section 23. But the largest area in the Opotiki district, which was made the subject of a development scheme, was the Opape Block, situated about seven miles east of Opotiki, its total area being 16,512 acres 3 roods 11 perches, which includes what is now known as the Opape Base Farm (1,070 acres 1 rood 16 perches.) The latter was purchased from the European lessee in July, 1931, and dealt with as a separate scheme under the title, Opape Base Farm. The name, Whakatohea Development Scheme, was given to a group of blocks comprising the Wainui Reserve, the Waiotahe Allotments and the Opape Block, excluding the Opape Base Farm. Nothing has been done on the Waiotahe Allotments, and no further reference will be made to them, (o) Whakatohea. For practical purposes the scheme named Whakatohea may be confined to the Wainui Reserve and the Opape Block. It takes its name from that of the tribe, which occupies the Opotiki district. i. Wainui Reserve : The Native Land Court appointed twelve Trustees to administer this reserve for the Ringatu Church. These Trustees had all the powers of a Management Committee of an incorporated block, including power to farm and develop the estate. They were empowered by Order in Council to borrow £250 from the Waiariki Maori Land Board. Part of this money was used to purchase a strip of land of nearly eight acres to provide access from the reserve to the main road. In June, 1931, the amount owing to the Waiariki Board was £215. There was no expenditure from the Native Land Settlement Account on this reserve up to the end of March, 1931, but some clearing was done, which required seed and fencing. During the following financial year the expenditure was £623, which included grass-seed and sowing £234, clearing £222, fencing-matcrial £80, and fertilizers £39. ii. Opape Block : This land participated in the compromise effected with the local body in regard to outstanding rates, while outstanding survey charges were remitted. A section of the owners was, however, suspicious of both consolidation and development by a State Department. The Whakatohea Tribe has not forgotten the confiscation of the Opotiki lands by a former Government, and suspects some ulterior motive in Government attempts to simplify land .titles or in Government offers of financial asistance. Advantage was taken of the preliminary surveys undertaken for the purposes of the consolidation scheme to demarcate the areas suitable for settlement, and to outline a plan of roading and subdivision to which the readjustments of the locations might conform. This preliminary topographical work has proved of great value in the subsequent development of the territory. In some respects Opape was very similar to Ruatoki. Between thirty and thirty-five Maori settlers were in occupation of small dairy farms, while a few were milking large herds. The former were receiving some assistance from storekeepers and mercantile firms, and the latter had obtained advances from the Native Trustee. The first report on the position of the Maori farms made by the Supervisor, Mr. Rutledge, stated that the majority of the holdings were between fifty and seventy acres in extent, made up of disconnected pieces ; in some cases the component parts of the dairy farm were so far apart as to make it inefficient. The return for butterfat per cow was low, due not so much to the quality of the stock as to poor pastures, overstocking, and failure to provide winter feed. There was a poor supply of farm implements. Many portions of the block were leased to Europeans, and a few to Maoris, themselves owners, who sought an escape from the difficulties of title. The largest leasehold was held by a Mrs. Ferguson' and affected an area so situated as to completely sever one-half of Opape from the other. It was not till the winter of 1931 that conditions became favourable for launching the development scheme. Mr. Orr, one of the supervisors employed by the Native Trustee, reported upon all lands between Opotiki and Cape Runaway, which were considered fit for settlement. He was assisted by

39

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Mr. Rangi Royal, the officer in charge of the consolidation schemes in the Bay of Plenty. The combination of farm expert and Native-land title officer produced a comprehensive and detailed survey, which, among other things, tabulated the requirements of the Maori settlers on the Opape Block. It was made clear that before the same measures could be taken, as in the case of Ruatoki, for reconditioning pastures and improving the quality of the herds, existing liabilities of many of the settlers would have to be discharged. Ten accounts, which amounted to £1,765, were selected for payment, but a compromise was arrived at with the creditors for a settlement at £1,559. The expenditure on this part of the scheme to the end of March, 1932, amounted to £2,738, made up of £1,559 for discharge of liabilities as mentioned above, £585 for grass-seed, manure, and fencing material, £205 for the purchase of dairy stock, £150 for a store-shed, £194 for surveys, and £45 for equipment and sundries. The total was reduced by £200, representing repayments by settlers. Towards the end of 1931, as the outcome of representations made by a section of the Whakatohea Tribe, supported by the local unemployment committee and by the local bodies, it was decided to commence work on part of the undeveloped portion of the block at Hinahinanui, a valley which runs across the interior of the block parallel with the sea-coast. The work consisted of roading, scrub-cutting, clearing fern, draining and disking to prepare a surface for pasture. The number of men absorbed was forty-five. The expenditure on this section of the scheme to the 31st March, 1932, was £164. The total expenditure on the Whakatohea scheme to the 31st March, 1932, was £3,525, reduced by repayments of settlers to £3,325. The land grassed or prepared for pasture up to the same date was as follows :—

A total of about 1,100 acres reconditioned, or newly sown down ,or prepared for grass. The number of units who received assistance was 21. There was a great amount of development work in progress when the accounts for the year were closed. The stock possessed by the assisted settlers was as follows : By Opape Units, milkers 275, springers 64, yearlings 36, bulls 20, working horses 32, sheep 800, and dairy equipment and implements ; by Wainui settlers, milkers 38, springers 12, yearlings 16, bulls 4, working horses 4. The gross returns for butterfat supplied by the Opape Units for the year were £2,261, and by Wainui settlers £259. The latter did not possess many implements. Amoamo Te Rieki, himself a dairy-farmer in a large way and one of the most prominent men of the Whakatohea Tribe, was appointed foreman for the Opape section of the scheme. He had charge of the store-shed and was responsible for the issue of stores. (p) Opape Base Farm. As already stated, the land was a portion of the Opape Block, the lease of which was held by Mrs. Ferguson. The acquisition of the lease was strongly recommended by the Supervisors and Consolidation Officers as essential to the proper and effective working of the Opape Block. The area under lease was 1,072 acres, arid the term of the lease forty-two years from the Ist July, 1920. Negotiations for the purchase of the lease began in May, 1931, the lessee's interest in the lease then being valued at £1,895. The purchase was concluded in July, 1931, at £2,000 and possession obtained on the 31st of that month. The property was then carrying 80 dairy cows, and it was estimated that there was sufficient pasture for a herd of one hundred cows. It was decided not to take over the Ferguson herd, but to purchase good Jersey heifers in Taranaki and to make the property a stock-base farm for the district. Nine-six in-calf heifers were bought in Taranaki and transported by rail to Taneat.ua, thence by road to the farm. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £4,429, the details of which are set out in the schedules, including the cost of the leasehold £2,000. This was reduced by £460, the proceeds of butterfat. It is confidently expected that this farm will serve a very useful purpose in the district in the breeding and supplying of dairy stock of superior quality to the Maori settlers. Care is being exercised in the selection of bulls for the herd, and herd-testing has been carried out from the first season. (iq) Torere. The Torere scheme embraces the lands of the Ngaitai Tribe, which is wedged in between the Whakatohea Tribe on the south and the Whanau-a-Apanui Tribe on the north. The Ngaitai is a small but compact and influential people, descended, according to tradition, from one of the migrants who came over in the Tainui canoe. The Ngaitai lands were included in the scope of the Apanui Consolidation Scheme, and at the moment they were subjected to the provisions of the development legislation the main lines of the consolidation scheme had been decided upon, and settlements in regard to outstanding rates and survey

40

c , ,. . _ , Good to Fair Poor to Rough Pastured by Prepared for Section of Scheme. Pasture. Pasture. Scheme. Pasture. A. B. P. A. R. P. A. B. P. A. B. P. Opape Units .. .. .. 289 3 29 206 0 28 .. 273 0 0 Hinahinanui .. .. .. 20 0 0 .. .. 167 0 0 Wainui .. .. .. .. 47 0 0 106 3 0 Total .. .. .. j 309 3 29 253 0 28 106 3 0 440 0 0 I ■

G. —10.

costs arranged. Many of the owners had already commenced dairying, some with the assistance of the Maori Land Board and others with means supplied by storekeepers and stock and station agents. Considerations of unemployment and of improving the pastures and quality of the herds and increasing the area of production involved financial provision clearly beyond the resources of the Maori Land Board, and beyond what mercantile firms or private persons could grant on the security available. The officers who investigated the lands and conditions at Torere were satisfied that with proper methods and supervision a sound farm settlement could be established. Section 23 of the 1929 Act was applied on the 14th April, 1931, to twenty allotments of the total area of 1,366 acres, being blocks which were mortgaged to the Waiariki Maori Land Board, so that these might be taken over from the Board. The liabilities amounted to £1,565, but were compromised and discharged with a payment of £1,492. Further allotments were added to the scheme on the 2nd December, 1931, amounting to 2,016 acres, so that at the 31st March, 1932, the total area brought under the Torere Development Scheme was 3,382 acres. Mr. Orr estimated that 3,000 acres would be suitable for dairy-farming, and that the area in pasture—good, fair, and poor—was 976 acres. The land was of fair to good quality, being river-flats, marine flats, terraces, and easy hills with soil of good loam, easily worked, and capable under proper treatment of growing good dairy pastures. He noted the tendency to overstock, and stated that in the previous season 359 cows were milked and gave an average return of £5 14s. per cow. He was confident that the prospects of the district were good, and that with regular top-dressing and bringing in undeveloped land the number of cows would be greatly increased and the butterfat-production per cow vastly improved. The expenditure on this scheme at the 31st March, 1932, was £2,476, reduced to £2,159 by repayments by settlers. The largest item of expenditure was £1,492 for discharging the liabilities of the settlers. Grass-seed and manure cost £613, equipment £182, fencing-material £47, the purchase of dairy stock £125, and sundries £17. Hori Mio was appointed foreman of the scheme towards the end of the 1931-32 financial year at the unanimous request of the Torere community. Mr. Royal, reporting on the results achieved to the 31st March, 1932, estimated the area in pasture to be 910 acres good to fair, 65 acres rough, and 259 acres newly laid down, making a total of 1,234 acres, while 224 acres had been cleared and prepared for sowing. The stock on the scheme at the same date consisted of 364 milk cows, 132 springers, 52 yearlings, 20 bulls, and 38 working horses. The dairies were well equipped, and there was a fair supply of agricultural implements. A good shed for storing seeds and manure was an urgent requirement. The Torere community is keen, well educated, and contains hard workers, and it is well led. It is very progressive and should respond well to instruction in the most profitable farm methods. (r) Te Kaha. Under this name all the coast lands from Maraenui to the Whangaparaoa River are comprised, the total area being 41,826 acres. Half of this area is considered capable of development. The scheme was undertaken officially on the 2nd December, 1931, further blocks being added on the 13th January, 1932. It is what may be called a "blanket" scheme, devised to authorize the expenditure of money from the Native Land Settlement Account on any land, listed in the official notifications, that the Department might think advisable upon the recommendations of the field officers. Commencing in the last quarter of the financial year ending the 31st March, 1932, at five separate points along the seaboard great progress was made in clearing, ploughing, and fencing. So much of this was piece-work caught by an arbitrary date at unascertained stages of progress, and so much material seed, manure, wire—was in transit to various points of the widespread scheme, that it was impracticable to balance actual payments against definite items of development and to assess the cost of the results achieved It is better to defer a full statement of this scheme and of its various parts until next financial year, when expenditure and results may be compared after a proper taking of accounts. The schedules show that the total expenditure to March, 1932, was £3,811 after allowing for repayments by settlers and unemployment subsidies. Mention should, however, be made of the Te Kaha water-supply, which accounts for an expenditure of £994. The people of Te Kaha have been farming for a great number of years and is one of the most industrious communities in the Dominion. Until 1926 the cultivation of maize was the main activity of Te Kaha, and, indeed, of other places in this part of the Bay of Plenty. In 1926 a dairy-factory was established and the people changed over to dairying. The need for a sufficient and reliable supply of water was felt, but could not be provided for with such means as were available. When it was decided to bring the Te Kaha lands under a development scheme the first instalment of assistance to the dairy farmers was the provision of a water-supply. A dam with a capacity of 33,000 gallons was constructed to store the water from a spring on a hill behind Te Kaha Settlement, and from there the water was piped and distributed over an area of 592 acres, the total length of the reticulation being seven and a half miles. The labour was voluntary, but a foreman brought from Rotorua received wages. It was estimated that in the driest season eighteen thousand gallons would be available every twenty-fours hours and that the supply would be sufficient for an area half as large again. A Water Committee has been appointed by the Court and proper easements have been secured. The Committee is responsible for the control and maintenance of the system, but the cost is secured to the Department m the same way as other items in development expenditure. Reference should also be made to the Maraenui Section of the scheme. This was taken in hand because of the spread of ragwort especially on the river-flats on the south side of the Motu River. It

6 —Gr. 10.

41

G.—lo.

was thought that if steps were not taken at once to control and check the advance of the weed it would infest the whole district and take possession of the farm lands. It was therefore decided to enclose the flats on both sides of the mouth of the Motu River, and to stock the same with sheep. Two items only appear in the statement of expenditure on the Maraenui Section to the 31st March, 1932, one for fencing-material and the other for the purchase of sheep. The further story of the experiment falls into the succeeding financial year. Mr. Royal has prepared a statement showing the extent and state of the pastures on the various sections of the Te Kaha scheme as at the end of March, 1932, which may be given here ; also of the stock carried. But it must not be taken as a set-off to the expenditure stated above, although the value of the lands and stock, subject to liabilities known to exist but not closely assessed, may be regarded as security for the expenditure of State funds. The following table shows the areas in pasture or prepared for pasture at 31st March, 1932 : —

The following table shows the live-stock depasturing on the above lands at the same date

For the closer supervision and management of the various sections of this scheme two foremen were appointed, Weihana Delamere, of Maraenui, for the Maraenui and Omaio Sections, with occasional oversight of matters at Te Kaha, and Hirini Waititi for the Whangaparaoa Section. Mr. T. Wilkinson was transferred from the Public Works Department at the beginning of 1932 and was attached to Mr. Rangi Royal as surveyor for the Bay of Plenty group of development schemes, with headquarters at Ruatoki. To complete the supervision staff one of the accountants in the Rotorua office has been detailed to this group of schemes and accompanies the field officers to pay out wages. "D." TAIRAWHITI MAORI LAND DISTRICT. This district extends from Cape Runaway eastwards to Hicks Bay, thence follows the coast-line to the Waikari River, south of Mohaka, thence turns inland to the south-east boundary of the Urewera Country, and thence follows the south and eastern boundary of the Waiariki Maori Land district to Cape Runaway. Within its confines are the fertile grazing lands of the East Coast, Poverty Bay, and Wairoa, and what remains of the tribal territories of the Ngati-Porou, Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti, Te Aitanga-a-Mahaki, Rongowhakaata, and the northern section of Ngati-Kahungunu. The story of Maori farming on the East Coast has been told elsewhere. Parliamentary reports have recounted the settlement of lands at Tolaga Bay, Poverty Bay, and Wairoa, and the events which led to the creation of special trusts to liquidate the affairs of Maori estates and to administer what remained of the assets —the East Coast Trust, the Wi Pere Trust, and the Mangatu Incorporation. The development legislation of 1929 found the lands that remained to the Maori tribes of that part of the Tairawhiti district which lies south of the County of Waiapu either under lease to Europeans, or under the control of the East Coast Commissioner, or of special trustees, or of the management committees of incorporated blocks. Small scattered holdings were occupied in various ways by the owners thereof, most of whom received some assistance from the Native Trustee, the Maori Land Board, banks, stock and station agents, or dairy companies. The largest extent of undeveloped or partially developed land of this southern part of the land district was at Mohaka, and the position of that land was complicated by the sale of undivided interests to the Crown.

42

I a ,. , c , , Good to Fair „ T1 , Pastured by Prepared for Section of Scheme. pasture> Poor Pasture. Scheme. I Pasture. Maraenui .. .. .. .. 120 Omaio .. .. .. .. 52 65 556 115 Te Kaha proper .. .. 741 620 .. 292 Te Wai-iti .. .. .. 300 250 Orete .. .. .. .. 389 964 .. 168| Whangaparaoa .. .. .. 213 316 .. 136J Total .. .. .. 1,695 2,335 556 712

Section of Scheme. Milkers. ! Springers. Yearlings. Bulls. Heroes Sheep. Butterfat £ Maraenui .. ,. .. .. .. .. • • 986 Omaio .. .. Not available. Te Kaha proper .. 487 114 52 18 45 .. 1,932 TeWai-iti .. ..65 18 25 1 10 1,200 416 Orete .. .. 221 53 76 12 38 450 982 Whangaparaoa .. 75 12 21 5 9 500 276 Total .. 848 197 174 36 102 3,136 3,606

Gr.—lo.

In the northern part of the land district, comprised in the Waiapu and Matakaoa Counties, there remained a number of unimproved bush blocks, such as Poroporo, Takatahu, Tapatu-Waitangirua, and portions of Tikitiki and Marangairoa. The breaking-in of these to pasture was only awaiting the completion of the schemes for the consolidation of titles, and the arrangement of the necessary finance. Prior to the present depression it had not been difficult for the Maoris of this section of the East Coast to find means of clearing their forest lands for pasture. The delay in the determination of titles allowed the depression to overtake these areas in an unimproved state. For a similar reason the lands comprised in the south-east portion of the Tuparoa Consolidation Scheme, Whareponga, Tutuwhinau, Kokai, Kaimoho, Waitotoki, and portions of Ngamoe were found in an unsatisfactory state of development. So that in the two counties referred to there were at the beginning of 1930 many areas which could be developed under the new system. Up to the year 1925 sheep-farming was the only kind of farming that the Maoris of the Waiapu and Matakaoa Counties engaged in. In 1925 a dairy-factory was established at Ruatoria, the titles to much of the land suitable for dairying having been adjusted and settled under consolidation schemes. The new industry had taken a firm hold of the low-lying lands and was expanding rapidly, but much remained to be done to improve the farms and herds. At the beginning of 1930 it was estimated that less than one-third of the area suitable for dairying was devoted to that purpose. It is probable that but for the depression, which began to be seriously felt in sheep-farming districts early in 1930 and was already causing unemployment, the provisions of the Act of 1929 would not have been applied to lands in the Waiapu and Matakaoa Counties. The droughts of the 1930-31 and 1931-32 seasons with failure of the potato crops, added to the drop in the price of farm products and unemployment forced Maori landowners to apply for assistance under the new scheme. Summary of Development Schemes. Beginning with Mohaka in January, 1930, the following development schemes have been undertaken in the Tairawhiti Maori Land District, and were in operation at the 31st March, 1932

The above table arranges the schemes in their geographical order from north to south, and not in the order in which the provisions of the 1929 Act were applied. The detailed review of each scheme will follow the order in the table. (a) Takatahu. This is the Native name of the Whetumatarau No. 6 Block, which, with subdivision No. 5, comprises 418 acres 0 roods 18 perches. The two subdivisions adjoin and consist of three parts flat and one part steep hillside. Prior to the development scheme the land was in standing bush with the exception of about 40 acres of the flat, which had been cleared by a former lessee. There were liabilities on the blocks for rates and survey liens, and for a payment made by the Proprietors of Tihi-o-manono 4d and other blocks (Pohutu Station) to the former lessee. Takatahu is situated on the south bank of the Karakatuwhero River, is well adapted for dairying, and is served by a metalled road which connects it with the main highway. The preliminary development was a simple proposition, the felling and burning of the bush, sowing, and fencing. This cost to the 31st March, 1931, £912. Further clearing of logs and scrub on the river-flats and subdivisional fencing were carried out in the following year. The land was stocked with heavy cattle costing £417. The total expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £2,095, or £5 an acre. The treatment with heavy cattle has been very beneficial to the new pasture and put the land into good heart for dairying. It is estimated that three dairy farms can be established on this scheme with a capacity of at least 150 cows. (b) Waiapu-Matakaoa. This is a " blanket " scheme, which at the 31st March, 1932, embraced eight separate blocks of the total area of 5,844 acres. With one exception, Herupara No. 1 Block, these were all bush lands, on some of which there were substantial clearings and pastures, partly fenced. Development was undertaken

43

Expenditure Name of Scheme. Area. d.vdopal.lo, T „ 31st T„ 31st March, 1931. March, 1932. A. B. p. Acres. £ £ Takatahu.. .. .. .. .. 418 0 18 410 912 2,095 W aiapu-Matakaoa .. .. .. .. 5,844 0 0 4,800 .. 7,419 Poroporo (including Whenuakura) .. .. 2,607 1 9 2,500 2,308 10,291 Tuparoa .. .. .. .. .. 8,085 1 14 8,000 .. 10,4*8 Mohaka .. .. .. .. .. 13,762 2 31 11,500 5,653 17,178 Putorino Nursery .. .. .. .. 26 2 0 20 .. 1,333 Total .. .. .. .. 30,743 3 32 27,230 8,873 48,764

G.—lo.

on all parts of the scheme except Herupara No. 1, and was the main unemployment relief measure provided for Maoris of the Waiapu Yalley and Te Araroa. The following table shows the bush-felling contracts let to unemployed Maoris, and the cost allowing for unemployment subsidies : —

Bush-felling Unemployment Relief Contracts.

There was no expenditure on this scheme up to the 31st March, 1931, as it was not authorized till the following April, but matters were in train to survey the bush into reasonable areas, so as to ensure the employment of the largest possible number of men. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £7,674, reduced by £525 unemployment subsidies, which came to credit. The foiled bush was burnt in the summer and sown in grass and turnips immediately, according to the practice of farmers in the district. A good " take " was assured by timely rains, and it was anticipated that the clearings would carry a very large number of sheep and cattle in the following winter. Liabilities outstanding on the Toetoe and Kaiwaru Blocks to the Bank of New South Wales, amounting to £2,210, were discharged. Other items of expenditure were as follows : Bush-felling, £2,116; fencing material, £1,468 ; grass-seed, £1,519 ; turnip-seed, £93 ; surveys, £125 ; and sundries, £143. Subject to the supervision of the Registrar of the Native Land Court at Gisborne, the arrangements for all the work on this scheme were made by Mr. C. Goldsmith, of Tikitiki, who was in charge of the consolidation scheme affecting the lands north of the Waiapu River as far as Whangaparaoa, and as Manager of the Waiapu Farmers' Co-operative Co. had considerable experience in regard to the requirements of land-development in the district. He had been co-opted by the Maori Unemployment Branch of the Native Department. The following table has been prepared from reports furnished by Mr. Goldsmith to show the state of the lands under the Waiapu-Matakaoa scheme as at the 31st March, 1932

State of Improvements at 31st March, 1932.

It was estimated that these properties could be subdivided into seven sheep farms and nine dairy farms. (c) Poroporo (including Whenuakura). When, as the result of the Waiapu and Tuparoa consolidation schemes, the interests acquired by the Crown in the Poroporo Block were divided from the interests of the Maori non-sellers, it was decided in the first place to deal with that part of the block which lay between the main road and the Mangaoparo and Waiapu rivers, being all flat land, with a small swamp on it, very suitable for dairying. This part is known as Whenuakura, and has been subdivided by the Court into ten sections, some of which include portions of the swamp referred to. Although this part was brought under the development scheme in January, 1930, for the purpose of draining the swamp that summer nothing was done until the end of 1931. The balance of the Poroporo Subdivisions on the north-west of the main road was brought under the development scheme in April, 1930. This consisted for the most part of bush lands with fern and manuka faces sloping to tbe main road. Eventually the Whenuakura and bush sections

44

Block. Area. Per Acre. Cost. Subsidy. Men. Acres. @ £ s. d £ s. d. Tapatu .. .. .. 423 £1 2s. 6d. and 570 7 6 125 0 0 10 £1 7s. 6d. Toetoe .. .. .. 587 £1 5s. 733 15 0 200 0 0 17 Aliapo" 111 " " " 22o} £1 4s ' 375 12 0 HO 0 0 16 Poroporo Sections .. .. 354 £1 4s. and 437 10 0 110 0 0 10 £1 5s. Total .. .. 1,677 .. 2,117 4 6 545 0 0 53

i Block. Old Pasture. New Pasture. Unimproved. Old Fencing.jNew Fencing Suitable for Acres. Acres. Acres. Chains. Chains. Tapatu .. .. .. 210 423 62 84 205 Sheep. Toetoe .. .. .. 256 587 287 30 435 Mixed. Kaiwaru .. .. .. 700 .. 1,106 180 .. Sheep. ;; ;; } eso 313 72 no use Mixed. Poroporo Sections .. .. 407 393 30 295 419 Sheep. Total .. .. 2,203 1,716 1,557 729 1,245 I

G.—lo.

were combined in one scheme. The Poroporo Block was known to be one of the most fertile in the district, capable of carrying a great number of sheep and cattle, if well broken in. Mr. Harvey, of the Gisborne office, undertook the supervision of the development of the sheep-country, with the assistance of Mr. Goldsmith. In the second year of development a European foreman, Mr. Morice, was placed in charge. The Poroporo bush was felled, grassed, ring-fenced, and subdivided and fully stocked in two seasons, in the second of which unemployment subsidies were made available for all developmentwork. A large number of men found welcome employment on this scheme during the winters of 1930 and 1931, as well as during the sowing season. The expenditure, which came to charge up to the 31st March, 1931, was £2,308, of which bushfelling accounted for £1,565 and seed and fencing material for the rest. By the 31st March, 1932, the expenditure bad reached £11,381, reduced to £10,291 by unemployment subsidy £200, and proceeds of wool and mutton £603. The expenditure included the cost of sheep and cattle purchased, £2,691, and the discharge of the liabilities of one of the owners who had commenced dairying, £225, leaving the cost of bush-felling, grassing, building, and draining at £7,375. For this cost nearly 2,100 acres of bush and fern had been cleared, grassed, ring-fenced, and subdivided into many paddocks, a station homestead had been provided with cottage and outhouse and sheep-yards. The area comprised in this scheme should be capable of providing twelve dairy farms carrying 250 cows and two sheep farms carrying 4,000 sheep and 300 head of cattle. (d) Tuparoa. The scheme takes its name from a village on the coast, east of Ruatoria, a place of great importance before the cult of the petrol-driven vehicle compelled the construction of metalled highways, and the erection of freezing-works at Tokomaru Bay forced communications inland. The name had been adopted for the consolidation scheme, which comprised lands formerly leased to Mr. T. S. Williams and known as Tuparoa Station. It is a " blanket " scheme covering twenty-four separate blocks, although all but seven of these are grouped between the Tuparoa Village and the northern boundary of the Akuaku Block, and between Whareponga Village on the sea side and the main highway. The group is separated by other lands from the highway, but road access is being provided. This group within the Tuparoa scheme may be called the Whareponga group, and comprises 6,764 acres. The lands were valued at over £50,000 for consolidation purposes, but the valuation was made in 1919 and is subject to very material reduction. The scheme was launched towards the end of the 1930-31 financial year, but no expenditure was incurred until the following winter. It was decided to clear the scrub on the whole of the blocks in the Whareponga group in one operation, with the exception of seaside slopes at Kaimoho. The work was planned as unemployment relief work by contract, carrying a subsidy from unemployment funds up to one-third of the labour cost. As part of an old sheep station all these lands carried fair sheep pasture, and being of papa formation were eminently suitable for sheep and cattle. The fencing problem was, however, a very costly one, for the boundaries followed high ridges to which material had to be packed from dumps established at places accessible by lorries. Packing and laying material cost on some lines £15 a mile, and on other lines £20 a mile. Half of the battens were split on the block, but half had to be brought from the Poroporo Bush, many miles away. Totara posts were transported by rail from Putaruru to Tauranga and shipped thence to Tokomaru Bay, whence they were taken by lorry and pack-horses to the fence-lines. Over sixty men were employed in splitting battens, packing, and fencing. Fencing on the East Coast has become a very expensive item in the farm budget, owing to the depletion of supplies of suitable timber, necessitating the purchase of posts outside the district. In the case of the Whareponga group of blocks the cost of ring-fencing the whole area, then of subdividing so as to ring-fence every subdivision, was faced in one season because of the compensating advantage in the fact that the fences would enclose existing pastures covered with scattered scrub, which would be cleared at a cheap rate owing to the unemployment subsidy. Further reasons were the need for finding employment for the Maoris of the district and the advantage of speedy development in view of the low prices for sheep and cattle. The area of scrub cleared was 6,676 acres at contract prices totalling £1,629, on which unemployment subsidies amounting to £501 were collected. The number of men employed on these contracts was 139. Extensive purchases of sheep were made, but the blocks were not fully stocked until the early part of the succeeding financial year. Much of the development work was still in progress when the end of the 1931-32 financial year was reached. The details of expenditure set forth in the schedules are easier to follow after the foregoing explanation. Scrub-cutting is shown as costing £1,613, but this does not allow for the subsidy. The cost of fencing-material and labour is shown as £5,166, of which posts alone would account for nearly onethird. On the other hand, grass-seed is shown as costing £138, and it is understood that where it was estimated that three hundred acres of the scrub-land cleared would have to be sown, the actual area sown was less. The sum of £2,643 was paid for the discharge of liabilities on two blocks (Totaranui A 1 and Waipiro A 23b) taken over by the scheme. , It was estimated that when fully stocked the Whareponga group of blocks would carry 8,500 sheep and 750 head of cattle. The ultimate subdivision of these blocks will depend on road access. There is ample water and sufficient easy and ploughable land to justify the expectation that between sheep farms and dairy farms twenty families will be provided for.

45

G.—lo.

The development of the Whareponga Blocks, nearly 7,000 acres in extent, between the beginning of June, 1931, and the end of April, 1932, to the point of clearing, fencing, and carrying over 8,000 sheep and a large number of cattle is a record for the Native-land-development schemes of the Dominion in scope, speed to production point, efficiency, and economy. This may be allowed even if the advantage in ready-made pasture is taken into account. The result reflects great credit on the local organization, which has its headquarters at Ruatoria and on the Registrar, Mr. Harvey, who assumed the duties of supervisor. Mr. Fenn, branch manager of the Waiapu Farmers' Co. and secretary of the Dairy Company, was in charge of the local branch administering the details of the Maori unemployment grant. He was assisted by Mr. H. Poananga, a temporary employee of the Native Department. The foreman of the Whareponga group of blocks was Hamuera Ngarimu, himself a large owner in these blocks and the son of the chief of the sub-tribe which owned the territory. (d) Mohaka. This scheme was authorized on the 15th January, 1930, being the first in the Tairawhiti Maori Land District under the legislation of 1929. The consolidation of the interests acquired by the Crown in the Mohaka blocks and the definition of awards of land to the Crown and to the Natives, who had not sold, were advanced sufficiently under the Mohaka consolidation scheme to enable the Department to provide assistance for improving the Native holdings. The area brought under the scheme was 10,006 acres of Mohaka and 1,200 acres of Waipapa. Subdivisions of Putere and Waihua were added in April, 1931, bringing the total up to 13,763 acres. The Mohaka blocks presented many difficulties in development. They were many years ago leased to Europeans, who grazed sheep and cattle thereon. Whatever clearing and grassing had been done by such lessees had reverted to fern, manuka, and tauhinu, while blackberry had taken possession of the land on either side of the main road, more particularly the Waipapa Block, on which Mohaka Village is situated. Pumice predominated on the flats and terraces and easy hill lands, while papa outcrops were the order on all steep country. The hill country was riven in places by gullies, which were an obstacle to connected improvement and economical subdivision. The lands suitable for dairying were strung along the main road in such fashion as to create allotments of peculiar shapes and sizes. The Mohaka Natives had commenced dairying in a small way before the scheme was launched, and were anxious to obtain assistance under the Act of 1929. The policy adopted in regard to the scheme was the same as in regard to Ruatoki, Opape, or Ranana, where the owners were already in occupation and farming and required further assistance to recondition pastures and fences, to extend their cultivations, and to improve their herds. In the case of Mohaka as in that of Ranana blackberry was an added obstacle, but ragwort had not yet become prominent. The unusual combination of pumice and papa soils on the scheme necessitated special treatment and methods. It was absolutely necessary to plough and cultivate intensively all low-lying lands, if not for the control of blackberry then for cropping preparatory to sowing in permanent pasture. The realization of the prevalence of pumice on the terraces and easy hills led to a great extension of ploughing and cultivation, and compelled the liberal use of manures and of heavy stock for consolidating the pastures. The plough and disk harrows became the chief implements in the development of the Mohaka lands. The summary of items of expenditure for the first three months of the scheme is eloquent of the policy of rendering assistance in the form of material, seed, posts and battens and wire, manure, implements and stock, and as little as possible in the form of paid labour, which was demanded as a contribution from those whose lands were affected. In the total expenditure to the 31st March, 1931, £5,653, the wages paid were £370 for fencing, draining, and scrub-cutting. The ploughing with the after cultivation was done by contract let to a man who owned a tractor and tractor implements, as the Mohaka people had few implements and horses. Until unemployment measures for relief of distress caused by drought, by the Hawke's Bay earthquake, and the depression, were rendered necessary, the Maori settlers of Mohaka showed the same spirit of self-reliance as those of Ruatoki or of North Auckland. The combination of those three factors, however, pressed so heavily on them that relief had to be provided in the form of development contracts, subsidized from unemployment funds. The work included scrub-cutting and bushfelling, the area involved being estimated at 2,500 acres ; splitting 3,000 posts and 29,000 battens and packing the same on to fencing boundaries ; and the erection of 260 chains of fences. The estimated cost was £1,770, and the subsidy allotted £450, while the number of men employed was eighty-one. Other developmentwork has been subsidized from time to time. At the 31st March, 1932, the total expenditure on this scheme reached £17,691, reduced to £17,178 by unemployment subsidies, £447, and miscellaneous credits and repayments by settlers, £66. The contents of this expenditure may be reviewed in detail to show the remarkable progress made in the two years since the scheme was undertaken : — Fencing : £5,299 for material and labour. Material consisted of 12,820 posts, 179 strainers, 72,400 battens, 1,414 cwt. of plain wire, 255 cwt. of barbed wire, and 117J cwt. of staples. Labour was paid for packing material and for erecting 1,061 chains of fencing. Battens were split on the scheme lands, but posts were obtained from outside the district at great expense. Clearing, cultivation, cropping, and pasturing : Including clearing and scrub-cutting, draining, ploughing, and cultivation, preparation of land for crops (including potatoes), these items cost £3,800, not allowing for unemployment subsidies.

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Grass-seed and other seed, fertilizers : Including labour, sowing, and top-dressing, these items cost £2,696. Buildings and implements cost £846. Stock: Dairy cattle, £3,064, sheep, £405, and bullocks, £773, making a total for stock, £4,242. Supervision : £212, being the wages of the foreman. Miscellaneous items, £596. Taking the 31st March as the conventional date for closing the accounts of the previous twelve months the attempt to strike a correct balance between the expenditure represented by actual payments and the corresponding results in development-work completed, material delivered and paid for at that date, requires a measure of co-ordination between an accounting staff and the field organization which is not possible under the conditions. The difficulties are increased where piecework is involved, especially if unemployment subsidies are allotted. Autumn is the period of greatest activity on a development project, and the worst possible for striking a balance. In the case of Mohaka, therefore, which owing to its position emphasizes those lags between field and office that upset the calculations of accountants, it has not been found practicable to synchronize costs and results as at the 31st March, 1932, in any reliable way. Mr. Harvey, the Registrar at Gisborne, who has personal control of the scheme, submitted in October, 1932, a schedule of the results achieved as follows :— Total area cleared and treated with the plough and harrows or sown direct on to burns : 3,034 acres in grass for cows, and 3,673 acres cleared, sown, and fenced for sheep, a total of 6,707 acres. This involved in addition to clearing, ploughing 1,386 acres, disking 1,442 acres, stumping 105 acres. Fencing : Total length of new fencing done by the scheme, 3,369 chains, and repairs, 486 chains ; and the owners erected 10 miles at their own expense. Road access involved 3 miles 48 chains. Draining 75 chains, and sheep-yards were completed. Buildings consisted of seven four-roomed cottages, ten small cottages, and twenty P.W.D. small huts. Also two large cow-sheds with milking plants. Stock : Dairy cows in milk, 789 ; bullocks, 200; yearling heifers, 232 ; sheep, 670. There were forty-six units in occupation, of whom forty were milking, and the others were making preparations to commence as soon as possible. The blackberry menace to the Mohaka country is a real one, but wherever the bushes can be ploughed under the Mohaka settlers, with the inspiration and material assistance provided by the scheme, are converting infested land into dairy pasture. Cutting and burning continue, while the use of goats on an adjoining European farm is being watched with great interest. No better work is being done on any of the Native development schemes than that at Mohaka. When the nature of the country, the varied and difficult surface covering, soils, and contours, the distance from bases of supply of seeds, material, and stock are taken into consideration, the practical results are remarkable for the cash outlay. But the psychological effects upon the inhabitants of Mohaka and throughout the Wairoa, Nuhaka, and Mahia Maori communities are incalculable. It may be possible to assess some of these in a review of the progress of the scheme during the present financial year 1932-33, but the time has not arrived for recounting that story. It is sufficient to say that the migration of Wairoa and Nuhaka Natives to the Horohoro scheme and the development of the Mohaka blocks have profoundly moved the Maori communities that live south of Gisborne and north of Napier. (e) Putokino Nursery. This was taken over under an arrangement with the Forestry Department made in 1931, when as the result of reductions in Government expenditure the operations of that Department were restricted. The Maori Land Board at Gisborne recommended that the Native Department should take over the nursery and stock for the use of the development schemes in its district, especially of Mohaka, which is situated close to the nursery. The stock taken over was 2,340,000 trees, and the Native Land Settlement Account was debited with the sum of £1,000, the value of the property and trees. Up to the 31st March, 1932, the expenditure on maintenance was £333, but no trees had been issued from the nursery. " E." AOTEA MAORI LAND DISTRICT. This district extends from north of Manawatu to White Cliffs, just south of Mokau, and is bounded on the north, north-east, and south-east by the Waikato-Maniapoto, Waiariki, and Ikaroa Maori Land Districts. The only Native-owned areas of undeveloped or partially improved lands submitted for the consideration of the Native Department are in the Whanganui and Karioi districts, and on the fringe of the forest lands of West Taupo, over which the Tongariro Timber Co. formerly had timbercutting rights. The Tokaanu scheme, which affects lands in the Aotea district, has been attached to the Waiariki district. The only other scheme undertaken in the Aotea district is known as the Ranana Development Scheme.

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RANANA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME. This scheme was officially undertaken on the 7th April, 1930, when fifty-one subdivisions of Morikau No. 1, Ranana, and Ngarakauwhakarara Blocks were brought under section 23 of the Act of 1929. Twenty-one other subdivisions were added on the 21st March, 1931, making the total area of land affected by the scheme 4,516 acres 3 roods 14 perches. The Hiruharama and Ranana Native Villages, situated on the east bank of the Whanganui River, are on the scheme. The lands comprised in the scheme were formerly vested in the Aotea Maori Land Board, and included reserves set aside from the Board's Morikau Farm for the use and occupation of the inhabitants of the two villages mentioned. The Board had cleared and grassed portions of the allotments, but released them to the owners or beneficiaries some years ago free of all liabilities. The Maoris had commenced dairying with the assistance of two dairy companies operating in the Whanganui district, and incurred debts for stock, dairy equipment, farm requisites, and goods supplied. In most cases the debts were secured by bills of sale. The story of dairying at Ranana before it was reorganized and assisted under the scheme is a repetition of the story of .similar enterprises at Ruatoki, Opape, Torere, and parts of North Auckland, indifferent pastures overstocked with cull cows of low-producing capacity bought at high prices, insufficient equipment and finance, and lack of experience and supervision. The problems varied only with the character and attainments of the Maori popidation concerned and the quality and suitability of their lands. In one respect the Ranana lands were at a disadvantage compared with those at Ruatoki, Opape, and Torere. The latter were close to dairy-factories and townships, and were served by good roads, whereas the only means of communication with the Ranana lands was by river-boat. It is reported, however, that this handicap is about to be removed by the completion of a metalled road from Whanganui to Pipiriki. The Ranana lands are of good quality and for the most part consist of easy hills over which horsedrawn implements can work. The lands have been so partitioned as to necessitate considerable internal roading for their efficient settlement. At the commencement of the scheme many of the allotments were badly infested with blackberry and gorse, and ragwort had invaded the northern, or Hiruharama, end of the scheme to such an extent as to seriously affect dairying. The position was similar to that at Mohaka and could be met only by encouraging the Maori settlers to clear, grub, and cultivate, with assistance from unemployment funds, when these were available, and with the assurance that seed, manure, fencing-material, and stock would be supplied by the scheme to make their labour effective. A Farm Supervisor, Mr. Guthrie, was appointed on the recommendation of a committee of the Ranana and Hiruharama Natives, and arrangements were made to build a suitable house for him at Ranana. An advisory committee, headed by Mr. Hoeroa Marumaru, who was also the chairman of the committee of the Morikau Farm, was nominated by the Native owners to co-operate with the Supervisor and the Aotea Maori Land Board, to which the manangement of the scheme had been delegated. Mr. Guthrie's appointment was terminated in April, 1931. A local foreman, Tanginoa Tapa, was appointed to superintend the development work, together with an assistant, N. Takarangi, who had charge of the issue of stores, the keeping of wage-sheets, and generally of the clerical work. Mr. Hoeroa Marumaru was appointed Supervisor by the Maori Land Board, with control of the Ranana scheme. The President of the Board has expressed satisfaction with the arrangement and confidence in the local organization of the scheme. The expenditure to the end of March, 1931, was £5,864, of which £1,555 was paid to discharge the liabilities already mentioned of the Maori settlers and £1,069 for the purchase of dairy stock. Fencing-material and fertilizers cost nearly £700, and farm implements and draught horses £284. The sum of £1,199 was paid in wages, the Supervisor having fixed a rate of 7s. a day. All work was paid by the day. Sundry items included seed, building-material, chaff, loose tools, and freights. The system then adopted made it impracticable to apportion the wages paid to the particular activities in respect of which they were incurred. The scheme was at this time badly controlled, and there was not the close connection between the field organization and the office at Whanganui. The policy in regard to this scheme was the same as laid down in regard to all others; that individual settlers should be encouraged to develop their holdings by their own efforts as far as possible. By the end of March, 1932, the expenditure had reached £10,060, reduced to £8,621 by deductions from cream cheques (£1,439). The dairy herds were culled at the end of the milking-season and the culls sold at auction. The disposal of these relieved the various farms and enabled the settlers concerned to take their quota of heifers purchased in the previous season for replacements. The improvement in the pastures due to top-dressing with a 2-cwt.-per-acre application of superphosphate and the introduction of heifers of better quality was reflected in the increased production of butterfat. In the two seasons since the scheme was launched 176 cows and heifers and nineteen bulls were purchased at a cost of £1,683. Improvements on twenty-seven sections consisted of fencing, which absorbed in material alone £1,007 ; top-dressing and grassing and growing crops for winter feed, manure, and seeds costing £440; the provision of cow sheds and yards and in some cases of milking-plants, the latter costing £165. The sum of £504 was spent in the purchase of farm implements and horses. The payments in respect of the cottage for the Supervisor and of a store-shed and cow-sheds amounted to £838. Sheep were purchased at a cost of £130 to control the spread of ragwort. The wages bill since the inception of the scheme reached £2,625, but so far has not been dissected to show its apportionment to the appropriate class of work performed. The item for discharge of liabilities was not increased beyond the amount paid in the previous year. Good progress was made in the construction of access roads. Some metalling was done, the gravel for which and for concreting the floors of the cow sheds and yards was obtained from the bed of the Whanganui River, screened on the river-bed and landed on a bank above high-water mark. The gravel was then moved by horse drays to a dump, and sledges finished delivery.

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Development work on this scheme received no assistance from unemployment funds, except reading and metalling, until the current financial year. For the first two years the reconditioned pastures, with hay saved in the season and turnip crops, sufficed for the herds, although in the first year the heifers purchased for the scheme had to be grazed out for a time. This scheme is an illustration of the difficulties that arise where the land is individualized and in occupation of individual settlers. Its efficiency is reduced by the extent that units fail to cooperate in carrying out a programme of work, necessitating the employment of a considerable number of men. Implements, horses, transport, common fencing-boundaries, and roading must presuppose a certain amount of grouping or common action, unless the scheme is prepared to supply each unit with a full set of implements, horses, or drays, or to treat the settlers as strangers and pay them reasonable wages. Development on the unit basis has entailed at Ranana special expense in local supervision designed to check the issue of material to individual settlers or to apportion costs to individual allotments. Many items, such as cost of supervision, interest on suspense items, hire of implements or horses, rent or depreciation of premises, storage and freights, are not readily ascertained, but must eventually be distributed over the various loan accounts equitably or be set off against a reserve account. It is not contemplated that any item of expenditure shall be written off. On the other hand, the aim of every development scheme is to settle individual Maoris on defined pieces of land charged with the actual cost to the State, which they must reimburse. The experience of such schemes as Ranana, organized from the beginning on the unit basis, will pave the way for a satisfactory system of internal management and accounting. " F." IKAROA MAORI LAND DISTRICT. This district comprises Hawke's Bay, Wairarapa, and Manawatu, all old farming districts, well settled, and with very little unencumbered Native lands available for development. The drop in prices for farm-products, unemployment, and, in the case of Hawke's Bay, the disastrous earthquake of February, 1931, were considerations which led the Department to offer assistance through land-development to the Maoris of the district. Three areas were offered by the owners in the Manawatu area, which formed the nucleus of the Manawatu Development Scheme. Fifty-seven allotments, of the total area of 1,691| acres, were brought under a scheme in Hawke's Bay, called the Heretaunga Development Scheme. (a) Heketaunga. Mr. J. H. Flowers was detached from the Native Land Court Office, Wellington, to complete and wind up matters relating to the relief of Maoris affected by the Hawke's Bay earthquake. When the two development schemes referred to in the last paragraph were undertaken he was placed in charge and stationed at Hastings. The Heretaunga scheme was difficult to set going. The Maoris of the locality have had more experience than those of almost any other district in agricultural and pastoral pursuits. It was almost presumptuous to offer any of them advice, supervision, and assistance in such matters. It is probable that the scheme would not have been adopted had it not been for the factors mentioned, and the distress, which was revealed by a survey of conditions made after the earthquake. Commencing in August, 1931, the expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, was £1,106, reduced by £203, repayments by settlers, to £903. Assistance was given to some sixteen settlers. This took the form of material for cow-sheds, farm equipment, fencing-material, fertilizers and seed, and sheep and dairy heifers. Oats and maize were cultivated, while units in occupation of rye-grass paddocks closed these for-seed. The Supervisor reported in December, "1931 : " Under favourable conditions things would have been very satisfactory, but the majority of the crops have been spoilt through the dry season. The maize crops up to the present are very good, oats are poor, and rye-grass paddocks in common with all others in Hawke's Bay have suffered badly and the harvest will be below average. A number of areas have not been fully utilized, and the work has been carried out piecemeal in most instances. This is due to the fact that the season was well advanced before a start was made, and under the circumstances as much as possible has been done. Next season it will be possible to have things properly organized and running smoothly." On the other hand, the short supply of rye-grass seed and the great demand for it in the autumn of 1932 raised the priced to a high figure. One settler who received assistance from the scheme did so well with his seed that he paid his loan and had a substantial surplus in hand. The results of the scheme in the short time since it was put into operation were sufficiently encouraging to justify increasing the provision on the estimates for the current year, so that more units might be helped. (b) Manawatu. On representations from the Unemployment Committee at Foxton, who asked that some work be found for registered Natives on land-development, and indicated the Matakarapa Block, steps were taken to ascertain whether the area was suitable for development under the Department's scheme and whether the owners were willing to submit the land thereto. Hone Makemereni (J. MacMillan) also made representations in regard to this block and as to the conditions at Ohau and other parts of the Manawatu district. Everywhere the depression and unemployment were pressing heavily on the Maoris of Manawatu. 7—-G. 10.

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Although Cabinet approved the expenditure of £1,000 on land-development in the Manawatu district in 1930-31, no expenditure was incurred until the following year. Matakarapa Block of 273 acres was brought under the Manawatu Development Scheme on the Ist August, 1931. Work was commenced in the Manawatu district on the Matakarapa Block, the expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, being £185, mostly for scrub-cutting and draining. A detailed report on the position of the development of this block is deferred, and will cover the facts to the end of the current financial year. The scope of Mr. Flowers' supervision was extended to Manawatu, and he was instructed to examine the position of applications that had been received from Natives in various parts of the district and to make recommendations for the 1932-33 estimates. " G." SOUTH ISLAND MAORI LAND DISTRICT. The position in the South Island in respect of the development of lands owned or occupied by the Maori population is very different from that in the North Island. The Maori communities are scattered and isolated from one another. Surrounded by European settlement for several generations the culture of the people has undergone greater change than that, of the North Island tribes, and it is a matter for serious consideration whether a scheme based upon North Island conditions and experience is adapted to the conditions in the South Island. The Native Minister, accompanied by the late Mr. Tuiti Makitarana, then member for the Southern Maori District, visited various settlements in the South Island during March, 1930, as the result of which three groups of blocks were brought under the provisions of section 23 of the Act of 1929, as follows: —■ A. r. p. Wairau Native Reserve, Blenheim .. .. .. 839 3 14 Oraka and other blocks, Colac Bay . . .. 1,143 0 3 Kawhakaputaputa Blocks, Colac Bay .. .. 1,266 2 35 Total .. .. .. .. .. 3,249 212 Proposals in respect of Mangamaunu, near Kaikoura, and of portions of the Kaiapoi Native Reserve, and Arowhenua were not proceeded with. The headquarters of the South Island Maori Land Board, to which in the ordinary course the administration of development schemes in the South Island was delegated, are in Wellington. The matter of the supervision of these schemes, especially of those so far south as Colac Bay, was more serious than in the case of North Island schemes. Eventually Mr. Timpany, of Woodlands, near Invercargill, was appointed to the control of the Oraka and Kawhakaputaputa Schemes, which were put into operation on the 19th. July, 1930. (a) Wairau. The lands comprising this scheme were notified on the 28th March and 11th May, 1931, and consisted of subdivisions of Wairau, Block XII, Wairau Commonage C and B and other blocks, the total area being 839 acres 3 roods 14 perches. The proposed development took the form of banking and ditching to protect the reserve from flood-water from creeks that flowed into the Pukaka drain on the north-east of it. It was urged that if water could be kept off the reserve or drained off its productivity, which was remarkable before river-diversion and drainage schemes in the Wairau Basin affected the land, being on the lowest level, would be restored and many profitable farms would be established thereon. It was represented to the Native Minister when he met those interested at Picton and at the reserve that the banking could be completed for £800. The Commissioner of Crown Lands at Blenheim and the Wairau River Board were consulted in regard to the banking and drainage scheme. Unemployment-relief schemes were then operating all over the Dominion, and it was suggested that the work proposed in connection with the Wairau Reserve might be carried out by unemployed Maoris. An investigation showed that not a great number of Maoris was available, and these did not possess sufficient horses and equipment to carry out the work, which to be done satisfactorily or at all should take full advantage of the summer months. It was then arranged that the Wairau River Board should prepare and call for tenders for the work on the understanding that unemployed Maoris should be used as far as possible. The aggregate price of the lowest tenders, £2,270, was above what the Department was prepared to expend [on this work, and in respect of unemployment subsidy the Maori unemployment grant was available for the employment of Maoris only. Many of the tenders, which on the score of price, should have been declared successful, were from Europeans. In the circumstances, and in default of special arrangements with the Unemployment Board enabling the Maori unemployment grant to be used for other than unemployed Maoris, the matter was not proceeded with further. It is probable that misunderstandings had arisen between those on the spot and the Department. The latter was cautious in regard to committing itself to a heavy expenditure on a work of an unusual character of which it had no, experience in any other district. The only expenditure incurred to the 31st March, 1932, was for surveys and preparation of data for the banking and ditching contracts, amounting to £359.

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(b) Oraka. (c) Kawhakaputaputa. These two schemes, although dealt with as separate schemes under section 23 of the Act of 1929, apply to groups of blocks in the same locality and owned by the one community. They have in practice been regarded as one scheme, and the accounts which relate to them have been grouped together. Oraka is on the east side of Kawhakapatu Bay, and Kawhakaputaputa on the west. The Oraka Block is well situated, being within easy distance of Colac- Bay Railway-station and school. A cheese-factory is situated four miles distant, and the roading is fairly convenient for transport of farm commodities. The highest point on the block is 300 ft. above sea-level, and the country slopes gradually towards Colac Bay on the east, where the land is sheltered, and towards Kawhakapatu Bay on the west. The land sloping west is exposed to the south wind, which is cold and severe. The land was reported to be suitable for dairying if proper methods were adopted with careful subdivision, provision of forage crops, and systematic top-dressing. At the commencement of the scheme there were 150 acres in pasture, mostly brown-top. The balance of the block, about 1,130 acres, was in bush and underscrub, of which it was estimated that more than half, if properly cleared and sown in suitable grasses, would be brought to profit. Kawhakaputaputa Block of 1,267 acres is land of similar quality to Oraka. A few of the owners were in occupation of sections of open land, attempting to milk on about 210 acres of poor pasture, portions of which were badly infested with ragwort. Portions of the land were in scrub, but the largest area was in standing bush. It was reported that these two blocks were badly infested with ragwort, which would be prejudicial to successful dairying until the weed could be controlled. Rabbits were also a nuisance in the locality. The problems of the combined areas were complicated enough at the beginning, and required that a Supervisor with knowledge of farming in the district should be appointed. Mr. T. M. Timpany was appointed Supervisor, and assumed direction of the schemes in October, 1930. It took him some time to appreciate the various elements involved, how to assist units in occupation of partly improved land, how to organize the human element to carry out the various operations in connection with development, and how to co-ordinate the wishes of owners with proper farm practice under the administration of a Government Department. He was too far away from headquarters for consultation, and there were questions of Native title and of unemployment relief on which it was difficult to obtain a lead from Wellington. Up to the end of March, 1931, for a period of four months since active development began, the expenditure on the two schemes amounted to £1,880. Mr. Dudson, of the Wellington office, was sent in that month to report on the progress of the scheme. The following comments are extracted from his report: " The natives are a good stamp of men and should develop into good settlers, but with the exception of two or three men they have no practical experience of farming. They had been accustomed to depend mainly on fishing and mutton-birds. A sustenance allowance of 7s. a day was allowed to the men employed on the scheme, work being done by day labour. They appeared to be keen to improve the areas allotted to them. In regard to ploughing and cultivation, farm implements and horses were regarded as belonging to the settlement. The work was in the nature of unemployment relief, except that the men were made to realize that they were eventually to pay for the assistance given to them." There were eleven units in occupation, half of whom had cottages. A few were dairying, and had cow-sheds and small herds. The largest herd was owned by Joe Beaton, who also had the largest area of improved land. Six casual men were employed in addition to the settlers. Housing appeared to be an acute problem. The area of open land in fair to poor pasture was estimated at 640 acres. A little ploughing for crops for winter feed had been done. Fencing was the first job taken in hand, for such fencing as was found on the land was in bad order, and boundaries against lands leased to Europeans were not fenced. Fencing cost in material and labour over £400. Scrub-cutting and clearing, draining and road-making accounted for about £250. Dairy cattle were purchased to enlarge some of the herds, also 450 sheep to control ragwort and for meat for the men. Eight working horses were bought at a cost of £211. It was gathered from the reports and recommendations of the Supervisor that he was influenced greatly by the distress among the people, and disposed to magnify the service of the development scheme as a relief measure. Towards the end of the financial year there were differences between some of the men on the scheme and the Supervisor. Some of the men were in occupation of sections. The ill-feeling was apparent in correspondence and reports for a considerable time, and indicated dissatisfaction and unrest not only among those who were employed on the scheme, but among owners residing at a distance. During the financial year 1931-32 the chief undertaking on the scheme was felling 1,336 acres of bush by contract or day labour. Contracts were let for 525 acres of bush on Oraka at a total cost of £753 95., carrying a subsidy from unemployment funds of one-third, and providing work for thirty-eight men. This was completed in October. The area involved on Kawhakaputaputa was 686 acres, and the estimated cost £1,218 55., subject also to a subsidy of one-third, and providing work for forty-six men. The price per acre ranged from 30s. to 40s. an acre. Actually the area of bush felled in the season was 1,336 acres, and ninety-three men altogether found employment. While it was thought in the Head Office that the price was high compared with the cost of similar work done in various parts of the North Island at the same time, the men on the Southland schemes complained that the price was too low, and they were only kept to their contracts by the lack of other employment.

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Unfortunately the wet season prevented the burning of the bush in time for an autumn sowing, except two small isolated sections. Grass-seed assembled in anticipation of a burn had to be stored until the end of the following spring, when a good bum was secured. The failure to burn the bush introduced an element of uncertainty into the programme for the succeeding year. Mr. Dudson, who took stock of the progress of these schemes in the last quarter of the 1930-31 financial year, visited Colac Bay for the same purpose in April, 1932. Arrangements were made for the hire of a hall for a store-room and of a room for the Supervisor's use as an office. The dairy cattle were reported as in good condition, but there were losses of sheep difficult to account for. These losses were made good by the Board. The settlers urged for a definite allocation of sections on the schemes. They professed their willingness to effect improvements without any sustenance allowance if they were assured of the benefits of the same accruing to themselves. There seemed to be more applicants than there were sections. The question of subdivision into suitable holdings was raised by the Registrar of the Maori Land Board, but its consideration was postponed until the Minister could visit the schemes. On the 31st March, 1932, there were fourteen settlers in occupation and in receipt of assistance. The expenditure to the 31st March, 1932, on these two schemes reached £7,792, reduced by unemployment subsidies and repayments by settlers to £7,093. The heaviest item was £3,033 for bushfelling. Grass-seed and other seeds cost £1,464, fencing and material £574, the purchase of dairy cattle, skeej), and working horses £1,151. The other items are set out in the accompanying schedules. BULK PURCHASES. At the end of the schedules to this statement there is an analysis of expenditure under the above item. The Bulk Purchases Accounts are suspense accounts, through which pass purchases of stock, grass-seed, fencing-material, fertilizers, and sundry goods. When the stock or material is allocated to any particular scheme the cost is apportioned. In the case of stock, whether dairy or beef cattle or sheep, no allocation is made where the stock are passed from scheme to scheme, either to consolidate the pasture on light soils, or to crush the fern or other growth, or to control ragwort, or to feed off pastures in preparation for permanent stocking. The bulk-purchase of seed, fencing-material, and fertilizers has enabled the Department to make good bargains and to give to Maori settlers the full advantage.

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SCHEDULES.

NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES.

53

[Note.—References hereunder to G.-10/1931 and to Plans are references to Parliamentary Paper G.-10 of the Session of 1931 and the plans attached thereto.] ' Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands . ,, ., included therein. ; Authority. Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. : . |_ ■ " A."—TOKERAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT. I. MANGONUI. (Plan 1.) I £ £ The various parcels or subdivisions of blocks which still Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. ..Ill 576 25 493 remain Native land or are owned by Natives, saving and Sheep .. .'! !! ' ' 120 excepting those parcels alienated by way of lease to Euro- 28th May, 1930. Grass-seed !. !' 686 7 061 peans of which the leases are still subsisting, containing an N.Z. Gazette, 28th May, Other seed .! '' _ _ ' 71 approximate area of 127,500 acres. 1930. Farm and dairy implements 1,771 3,686 ,-r, , „ Fencing-material .. 1,268 3'850 (For list of blocks see G.-10, 1931.) 12th June, 1930. Fencing—Labour .. .. 745 N.Z. Gazette, 26th June, Fertilizers .. .. 591 3,733 1930. Discharge of liabilities ... 272 3^214 Sundries, including building- 141 983 16th Sept., 1930. material N.Z. Gazette, 25th Sept., Clearing, including bushfel- .. 2,005 1930. ling, stumping, gorsegrubbing, ploughing, &c., scoria-clearing, scrub-cut-ting Draining .. .. .. 766 16,305 51,727 Leas Sales .. .. 241 250 51,477 less Unemployment .. 1,235 subsidies 50,242 Less Repayments by .. 6,370 settlers 16,064 43,872 £ £ Land-purchases* .. .. .. 350 I 11 * Leasehold of Mangapupu B4. See under II, Hokianga. The expenditure figures shown include the four schemes situated in the North Auckland district. II. HOKIANGA. (Plan 2.) The various parcels or subdivisions of blocks which still Section 23/1929. For expenditure see Mangonui Development remain Native land or are owned by Natives, saving and Scheme, above. excepting those parcels alienated by way of lease to Euro- 28th May, 1930. peans of which the leases are still subsisting, containing an N.Z. Gazette, 5th June, approximate area of 99,000 acres. 1930. (For list of blocks see G.-10, 1931.) 12th June, 1930. A. K. p. N.Z. Gazette, 26th June, 99,000 0 0 1930. Added 7th Sept., 1931 (N.Z. Gazette, 17th Sept., 1931): — A. k. p. 15th Sept., 1930. Mangapupu B 2 .. 82 2 0 N.Z. Gazette, 25th Sept., B 3 .. 82 2 0 1930. B 4 .. .. 114 1 37 B 5b .. .. 42 0 0 Leasehold purchased 321 1 37 24/9/31 for Poro Morunga. Total.. .. .. .. 99,321 1 37

G. —10.

54

Analysis of Expenditure. ]lartiCUl Mi S edther 8 ein ndLan<1S To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. " A." —TOKERAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT —continued. III. BAY OF ISLANDS. (Plan 3.) The various parcels or subdivisions of blocks which still ! Section 23/1929. I For expenditure see Mangonui Development remain Native land or are owned by Natives, saving and : j Scheme, above. excepting those parcels alienated by way of lease to , 28th May, 1930. Europeans of which the leases are still subsisting, con- j N.Z. Gazette., 5th June, taining an approximate area of 177,296 acres. j 1930. (For list of blocks see G.-10, 1931.) 12th June, 1930. A. K. p. N.Z. Gazette, 26th June, 177,296 0 0 1930. Added 17th October, 1931 {N.Z. Gazette, 22nd October, 1931) 15th Sept., 1930. Section 1, Block V, Motatau S.D. .. 439 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 25th Sept., 2 „ .. 435 3 0 1930. „ 3, „ „ •• ' 356 2 0 „ 4, „ „ .. 373 0 0 18th Aug., 1931. — N.Z. Gazette, 27th Aug., Total .. .. .. 178,900 1 0 1931. IV. KAIPARA. (Plan 4.) Various blocks and subdivisions. (For list of which see G.-10, Section 23/1929. For expenditure see Mangonui Development 193j \ Scheme, above. a. a. p. 9th June, 1930. Total .. .. •• 34,273 1 25'17 N.Z. Gazette, 19th June, Excluded areas .. .. .. 908 1 0'7 1930. Net total .. .. 33,365 0 24*47 13th May, 1931. 1 N.Z. Gazette, 21st Mav, 1931. 8th Aug., 1931. N.Z. Gazette, 20th Aug., 1931. Sundry areas excluded at various dates. V. MOTATAU BASE FARM. (Plan 5.) A. K. P. £ £ Motatau No. 2, Section 8 .. .. .. 201 2 0 Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. .. 1,289 905 „ No. 2, „ 9 (part) .. .. 223 0 33 Rent .. .. .. 47 142 „ No. 2, „ 11 (part) .. .. \ , {4 - 2 0 Leasehold purchased and Horses .. .. .. .. 23 No. 2, „ 12 (part) .. possession obtained, Fencing-material .. .. 85 1st Jan., 1931 Implements .. .. .. 15 Total .. .. .. •• 770 0 33 Scrub-cutting, clearing .. 173 i rushes, &c. Sheep .. .. .. .. 108 Dairy plant and equipment .. 184 Dairying expenses (including .. 159 wages) Fertilizers .. .. .. 101 Roads, &c. .. .. .. 11 Draining .. .. .. 30 Sundries, including building- . . 73 material 1,336 2,009 Less Sales, lambs .. .. 65 1,944 Less Butterfat .. .. 228 1,716 Less Unemployment sub- .. 55 sidies 1,336 1,661 £ £ Land-purchases .. .. 3,713 3,713

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Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands included therein. Autnomy. To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. "B."—WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT. VI. WAIPIPI (TE HAKONA). (Plan 6.) (Up to 31st March, 1932, financed by Maori Land Board funds.) A. B. P. £ £ Lots 323-331, Parish of Waipipi .. .. 282 0 0 Land declared subject Buildings and accommoda- 1,238 1,183 — to section 3 of the tion Native Land Amend- Dairy plant and implements 366 565 ment and Native Land Fencing .. .. 497 517 Claims Adjustment Seed and manure .. 1,130 1,372 Act, 1928, on 23rd Dairy stock .. .. 862 1,092 Aug., 1929: to be Water-supply .. .. 161 214 managed by the Wai- ! Clearing and cultivation . . 234 234 kato-Maniapoto Dis- ; Horses .. .. .. .. 57 trict Maori Land Depreciation, &c. .. 66 99 Board, Auckland. Sundries .. .. 330 376 4,884 5,709 VII. KAIHAU (TAHUNA). (Plan 7.) (Up to 31st March, 1932, financed by Maori Land Board funds.) £ £ Lots, Parish of Waipipi. (See G.-10, 1931.) Land declared subject Buildings and accommoda- 627 1,028 A. k. p. to section 3 of the tion Total .. .. .. .. 457 1 37 Native Land Amend- Fencing—Material and labour 113 360 - - - ment and Native Land Seed and manure .. 196 654 Claims Adjustment Dairy stock .. .. 63 580 Act, 1928, on 23rd Water-supply .. .. 23 130 Aug., 1929; to be Cultivation .. .. 323 469 managed by the Wai- Depreciation, &c. .. 200 311 kato-Maniapoto Dis- Sundries .. .. 286 514 trict Maori Land Dairy plant and implements .. 304 Board, Auckland. Horses .. .. .. .. 7 1,831 4,357 VIII. ONEWHERO. (Plan 8.) £ £ Lots, Parish of Onewhero, and Opuatia subdivisions. (See Section 23/1929. | Equipment .. .. 304 1,089 G.-10, 1931.) Dairy stock .. .. 104 518 a. E. p. i 20th Feb., 1930. Fertilizers .. .. 61 709 lotal . .. .. 2,606 3 38 j N.Z. Gazette., 13th Mar., Grass-seed .. .. 14 474 1930. Other seed .. .. • • 7 Added (N.Z. Gazette, 8th Oct., Fencing-material .. 80 325 1931): — a. r. p. 25tli Aug., 1930. Labour (scrub-cutting, drain- 3 j 964 Lot 60a, Parish of Onewhero 50 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 4th Sept., ing, roads, &c.) Waikarakia 1 .. .. 98 2 17 1930. Buildings .. .. .. I 276 ,, 2 .. . 268 2 20 Discharge of liabilities .. .. ! 157 3 .. . 137 1 20 6th Aug., 1931. Feed .. .. .. .. j 126 , 4 ,. . 303 3 20 N.Z. Gazette, 13th Aug., Horses .. .. .. . .. I 130 5 .. .. 98 2 18 1931. Truck and tractor expenses .. ' 355 6 .. .. 173 0 35 Sundries .. .. .. 32 7 .... 273 2 30 I Lot 39a, Parish of Koheroa 125 2 24 566 5,162 „ 39c „ 30 0 0 Less Repayments by .. 112 . 39d 1 „ 40 0 0 settlers „ 39D 2 „ 30 0 0 566 5,050 39E „ 20 0 0 m 39F „ 41 0 18 „ 39o „ 80 1 36-8 £ £ „ 39j „ 43 2 20 Land-purchases .. .. .. 57 „ 89A „ 99 1 22 I, „ 89b 2A „ 21 1 14 „ 89B 2B „ 79 3 4 „ 89B 3 „ 102 1 29 „ 89B 4 „ 100 1 34 2,218 1 11-8 Lot 99m 2b 2a, Parish of Onewhero, and 13 3 24 Purchased 21st Oct., being all the land in certificate of title, 1931. Volume 628, folio 179, Auckland Registry 4,839 0 33-8 Less excluded (N.Z. Gazette, 29th Oct.,' 1931): — Lot 89a, Parish of Koheroa .. 99 1 22 4,739 3 11-8

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Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands a „4. included therein. Autnority. To 31gt Tq 31sfc Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. " B."—WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. IX. WAAHI (HUNTLY). (Plan 9.) £ £ Lota, Parish of Pepepe. (See G.-10, 1931.) Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. .. .. 176 A. B. p. Fencing-material .. .. 11 358 0 23-3 20th Feb., 1930. Fertilizers .. .. .. 31 N.Z. Gazette, 13th Mar., Sundries .. .. .. 3 Added 30th March, 1932 (N.Z. 1930. Gazette, 7th April, 1932):— 221 Lot 78b 2 (part), Parish of Less Repayments by .. 25 Pepepe .. .. .. 290 2 0 settlers Lot 3 on D.P. 23339, and part Allot- 69 3 9-3 Purchased 23rd Sept., ments 19 and 20, Parish of 1931. Pepepe, and being all the land in certificate of title, Volume 631, folio 121, Auckland Registry 718 1 32-6 .. 196 Less excluded:— a. r. p. Lot 28a, Parish of Pepepe.. 25 0 0 „ 28b „ . . 22 0 0 £ £ 47 0 0 Land-purchases .. .. j .. 1,174 671 1 32-6 IXA. WAIKATO. a. B. p. Section 522/1931. No expenditure to the 31st March, 1932. Lot 1 of Section 148, Parish of Komakorau .. 25 2 33 „ 3 „ 148 „ .. 17 2 13 8th Feb., 1932. „ 4 „ 148 „ 17 3 0 N.Z. Gazette, 11th Feb., „ 5 „ 148 „ .. 13 1 36 1932. 1 74 1 34 X. KAWHIA. (Plan [10.) £ £ Kawhia, Mangaora, and Moerangi subdivisions. (See G.-10, Section 23/1929. Tools, &c. .. .. .. 74 1931.) Camp accommodation .. .. 113 A. K. p. 12th May, 1931. Fertilizer .. .. .. 58 Total.. .. .. 4,241 2 18-2 N.Z. Gazette, 14th May, Fencing-material .. .. 85 —i —n- 1931. Gress-seed .. .. .. 548 Scrub-cutting .. .. .. 487 Sundries .. .. .. 14 1,379 XI. OPARURE. (Plan 11.) £ £ Pukenui, Kinohaku East, Pukeroa-Hangatiki, and Te Kumi Section 23/1929. Camp equipment .. .. 5 subdivisions. (See G.-I0, 1931.) Fertilizer .. .. .. 28 A. B. P 12th May, 1931. Dairy stock .. .. .. 6 Total ■ • . • • • • • 282 1 22-8 N.Z. Gazette, 14th May, Fencing-material .. .. 23 1931. Scrub-cutting .. .. .. 30 Added 15th Feb., 1932 (N.Z. I Gazette, 3rd March, 1932):— 1st Aug., 1931. 92 a. e. p. N.Z. Gazette, 13th Aug., Less Unemployment sub- .. 10 Kinohaku East If 23a 3 .. 14 3 17 1931. sidies IF 23a 4 .. 17 2 35 If 12d .. 10 2 33 82 If 23b ..45 2 1 — 1 -• — — 88 1 6 370 2 28-8 Less excluded: — Pukeroa-Hangatiki 4d 2d 4a (part).. •. -• 10 0 369 2 28-8

G.—lo.

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Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Antiinritv „. , m „, * included therein. Authority. To 3l9t To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. "B."—WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XII. TE KUITI BASE FARM (SOMERVILLE'S). (Plan 12.) Purchased by Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board, 31st March, 1930, under power of Sale as Mortgagee. (Up to 31st March, 1932, expenditure was not a charge on the Native Land Settlement Account.) A. E. P. I £ £ Pukenui 2t 2, Lot 1, D.P. 12914 .. .. 195 2 23-7 Buildings and accommodation; 11 16 2t 3, Lot 2, D.P. 12737 .. 422 1 0 Fencing—Material and labour 45 262 Rates .. .. .. 103 199 Total-. •■ •• •■ 617 3 23-7 Fertilizer and sowing .. .. 258 Cattle .. .. .. •• 797 Sheep .. .. .. .. 373 Goats .. .. .. .. 40 Horse .. .. .. •. 5 Sundries, including mainten- 29 423 ance wages 188 2,373 Less Sales of stock and .. 490 farm-produce, &c. 188 1,883 £ £ Land-purchases .. .. 7,920 7,920 XIII. MAHOENUI. (Plan 13.) Mahoenui, Otiao, and Manga-Awakino subdivisions. (See £ £ q _io 1931.) Section 23/1929. Camp accommodation .. 38 367 A. E. p. Bushf elling and scrub-cutting 397 1,496 Total.. ■• ■• .. 5,325 3 28-6 3rd April, 1930. Grass-seed and sowing .. 129 1,263 N.Z. Gazette, 17th April, Fencing—Material and labour 444 1,882 1930. Fertilizers .. .. 45 542 Crops (swede, &c.) .. 47 85 28th Jan., 1931. Dairy stock .. .. .. 854 N.Z. Gazette, 5th Feb., Sundries .. .. 49 148 1931. Plant and equipment .. .. 245 Sheep .. .. .. .. 206 Including Crown lands to Feed .. .. .. .. 119 be developed under section 23 of the 1,149 7,207 Native Land Amend- Less Unemployment sub- .. 149 ment and Native Land sidies . Claims Adjustment 1,149 7,058 Act, 1929. .. .■ . -r^. XIV. WAIM1HA. (Plan 14.) Rangitoto-Tuhua 77b, 78b, and 80b subdivisions. (See £ £ G-10 1931.) Section 23/1929. Buildings, including water- 451 745 a. e. p. supply Tota l .. .. .. 7,872 0 32 20th Feb., 1930. Equipment .. .. 1,268 931 N.Z. Gazette, 13th Mar., Fencing and material .. 588 911 1930. Grass-seed and sowing .. 371 1,627 Fertilizers and manuring .. 90 595 Dairy stock .. .. .. 763 Sheep .. .. .. .. 37 Surveys .. .. .. 73 Clearing (scrub-cutting, &e.) 321 821 Cultivation (ploughing, &c.) 28 1,458 Draining .. .. .. 341 Supervision .. .. 66 247 Sundries, including tree- 482 201 planting, insurance, &c. ■— 3,665 8,750 .. c."_WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XV. WAIPAPA BUSH. (Plan 15.) Waipaoa-Whatapo (part) 90 3'37 Section 23/1929. Motor-truck 4 227 1 Production —Posts, battens, .. 1,277 7th Jan., 1931. &c. I N.Z. Gazette, 15th Jan., Roads and tracks .. 67 423 1931. Camp accommodation and 40 180 equipment Land purchased as a Sundries .. .. 17 165 source of supply of fencing timber. 128 2,272 Less Transfers to schemes .. 1,311 128 961 £ £ Land-purchases ., .. 2,500 2,506 8—G. 10.

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G.—10. 58 Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands , ., included therein. Authority. To 31st To Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XVI. HOROHORO. (Plan 16.) Te Rimu-Horohoro and other blocks. (See G.-10, 1931.) Section 23/1929. Ngatituaba Section. £ £ Plant and equipment .. 1,151 958 A- E. p. 9th Dec, 1929. Buildings and accommoda- 252 1 393 Total .. .. .. 9,301 2 8 N.Z. Gazette, 12th Dec, tion .,,,_., , 1929 - Fencing and material ' .. 121 1 281 Added 7th beptember, 1931 (N.Z. Fertilizers and manuring .. 709 l'836 Gazette, 10th September, 7th Jan., 1931. Grass-seed and sowing .. 1,339 2^031 1931): — A. R. p. N.Z. Gazette, 15th Jan., Crops and harvesting .. 'll5 '723 Rotomahana - Parekarangi 6a 1931. Clearing, scrub-cutting, &c. 702 1041 Section 2 No. 4b No. 1b Cultivation, ploughing, &c 319 l'ō65 No.3 .. .. 512 3 31 Roads, &c .. .. 184 ' 2 65 Kotomanana - 1'arekarangi 6a Shelter-belts is Section 2 No. 4b No. 1b Sundries '.'. '.'. iil 197 No.4 308 1 2 ZL 821 0 33 5; 033 11,308 _, , , . TT7 , , 10,123 3 1 Ngatikahungunit Section. £ £ Purchased for Waikaukau section of Plant and equipment .. 1,358 1,347 scheme: Buildings and accommoda- 510 l'313 Rotomahana-Parekarangi 6a, Section 2 No. 772 0 00 Purchased 6th May, tion 4b No. 1a No. 1b, being whole of land in 1931. Fencing and material .. 125 1 546 certificate of title, Volume 356, folio 96, Fertilizers and manuring .. 760 l'695 Auckland Registry Grass-seed and sowing .. 1,572 2^195 !•, Crops and harvesting .. 88 582 10,895 3 1 Clearing, scrub-cutting, &c. 653 1,170 ' •= Cultivation, ploughing, &c. 253 1,153 Roads, &c .. .. 489 735 Shelter-belts .. .. .. 34 1 Sundries .. .. 354 507 6,162 12,277 if. I General. £ £ j Buildings and accommoda- 1,950 1,929 (., ■ tion Fencing-material .. 1,187 1,187 1 Grass-seed .. .. ..Or. 282 Dairy stock .. .. 527 I 1,596 Beef cattle .. .. 653 Sheep .. .. .. 9 9 Sundries .. .. 345 327 Motor-spirit, &c. .. .. 1,147 Equipment .. .. 109 5,927 4,766 Tuhoubangi Section. £ £ Plant and equipment .. 832 693 Buildings and accommoda- 55 84 ' tion Fencing and material .. - 61 . 741 Fertilizers and manuring .. 58 444 Grass-seed and sowing .. . 102 366 Crops and harvesting .. 5 85 Clearing, scrub-cutting, &c 63 343 Cultivation, ploughing, &c 110 631 Roads, &c .. .. 2 29 Sundries .. .. 101 156 1,389 3,572 Waikaukau Section. £ £ Equipment .. .. .. 44 Fencing and material .. .. 51 Roads, &e. .. .. .. 80 Scrub-cutting .. .. .. 238 Surveys .. .. .. 4 ..417 £ £ Land-purchases .. .. .. 1 ,774 XVII. PAREKARANGI. (Plan 17.) Rotomahana-Parekarangi 6a 2 4b 1b 1 and other subdivi- I £ £ sions. (See G.-10, 1931.) Section 23/1929. Buildings, &c .. .. .. 194 A. B. P. Equipment .. .. .. ] 30 Total .. .. .. 2,867 2 35 6th June, 1931. Fencing—Material and labour .. 1,470 ■ N.Z. Gazette, 11th June, Grass-seed and sowing .. .. 297 1931. Fertilizer .. .. .. 33I Clearing and draining .. .. 657 Cultivation and crops .. .. 559 Roading .. .. .. 786 Sundry expenses .. .. .. 96 4,520

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Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands A ,, ... included therein. Authority. To 31sfc To Items. March, March, 1031. 1932. i ! "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XVIII. PEKA. (Plan 18.) Waitaruna. subdivisions and Te Peka (part). (See £ £ 1931.) Section 23/1929. Buildings, &c. .. .. .. S3 A. B. P. Equipment .. .. .. 212 Total .. .. ..1,147 3 39 6th June, 1931. Fencing—Material and labour .. 609 N.Z. Gazette, 11th June, Grass-seed .and sowing .. .. 97 1931. Fertilizer .. .. .. 63 Clearing and draining .. .. 518 Purchased: — a. k. p. Cultivation and crops .. .. 211 Waitaruna 2a .. .. 2 1 30 Freehold purchased 28th Roading .. .. .. 422 Te Koutu-o-Tamawhakaara 93 3 08-6 Feb., 1932. Sundry expenses .. .. .. 106 (part) (certificate of title 636/13, Auckland Registry) .. 2 291 Rotomahana-Parekarangi 6a 120 0 34 Leasehold purchased 31st — Section 2 No. 5b No. 2 March, 1932. (part) £ £ 216 1 32-6 Land-purchases .. .. .. 649 1,364 1 31-6 XIX. MOUREA. (Plan 19.) Kaokaoroa No. 1 and other blocks. (See G.-10, 1931.) Section 23/1929. £ £ A. b. P. Buildings, &c. .. .. .. 738 Total .. .. .. 2,670 3 21 - 3 9th July, 1931. Equipment .. .. .. 339 N.Z. Gazette, 16th July, Fencing—Material and labour .. 2,199 Added:— A. k. p. 1931. Grass-seed and sowing .. .. 423 Whakapoungakau No. IbNo. 3a 45 1 28 Fertilizer and sowing .. .. 448 » No. 1b No. 19th Sept., 1931. Clearing and draining .. .. 1,143 3c Sec. 2 .. 33 0 2 N.Z. Gazette, 24th Sept., Cultivation and crops .. .. 457 » No. IbNo. 3d 1931. Roading .. .. .. 127 Sec. 2 .. 34 0 15 Shelter-belts .. .. .. 69 Tikopapa No. 1 .. .. 12 1 Section 522/1931. Dairy stock .. .. .. 366 „ No. 2 .. .. 3 3 10 Horses .. .. .. .. 221 Te Mutu No. 1 .. .. 0 1 25 30th Mar., 1932. Rents and rates .. .. .. 211 „ No. 2 .. .. 1 0 19 N.Z. Gazette, 7th April, Sundry expenses .. .. .. 251 Kauwherepaenoa .. .. 2 0 12 1932. 4 Te Tumu-a-Te Miromiro ..1 2 28 .. 6,992 Taumataarangi .. .. 3 2 6 , Te Wharau .. .. 7 3 19 Te Kahikatea .... 3 3 25 £ £ Whakapoungakau No. 9b, Sec. 1 1 0 16 Land-purchases .. .. 3,300 5,777 No. 9b, Sec. 2 1 1 18 No. 9b, Sec. 3 1 2 28 „ No. 9b, Sec. 4 0 118 „ No. 9b, Sec. 5 0 2 4 No. 9b, Sec. 6 0 1 15 No. 9b, Sec. 7 3 3 5 „ No. 9b, Sees. 8, 9, and 10 .. 10 3 11 No. 10b, Sec. 16 0 0 No. 10b, Sec. 2 0 0 8 No. 10b, Sec. 3 8 0 0 „ No. 10b, Sec. 4 8 0 0 No. 10b, Sec. 5 2 2 0 No. llB,Sec. 1 0 2 0 „ No. 11b, Sec. 2 3 2 29 No. llB,Seo.3 3 3 26 „ No. 11b, Sec. 4 2 0 0 „ No. 11b, Sec. 5 4 0 0 No. 13b, Sec. 1 0 2 30 No. 13b, Sec. 2 16 0 0 No. 13b, Sec. 3 18 0 0 No. 13b, Sec. 4 25 3 20 „ No. 15b, Sec. 1 8 0 16 No. 15b, Sec. 2 5 0 38 No. 15b, Sec. 3 16 0 33 No. 15b, See. 4 8 0 16 No. 15b, Sec. 5 7 2 14 No. 15B,Sec.6 7 2 14 No. 15b, Sec. 7 4 2 9 . No. 15b, See. 8 5 0 10 Pikirangi No. 1 .. .. 2 0 0 No. 2a .. .. 4 1 20 „ No. 2b .. ..504 No. 3 .. ..100 No. 4 .. 6 2 14 „ No. 5 .... 2 0 0 No. 6 .. ..200 No. 7 .. .. 10 0 No. 8 .. ..100 Waingaro No. 1 .... 1 0 0 No. 2 .. ..200 348 0 6 3,018 3 27-3

a.—io.

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands A ]lfVl ., included therein. To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DlSTRlCT—continued. XX. TAHEKE. (Plan 20.) Financed by the Waiariki District Maori Land Board from its own funds. £ £ Taheke 3c and other blocks. (See G.--10, 1931.) 14th Jan., 1931. Buildings .. .. 195 201 N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Jan., Motor-vehicles and imple- 8 8 A. R. P. 1931. ments, &c. Total .. , . 15,744 3 13-6 Live-stock .. .. 1,756 1,949 — — Subject to subsection Tools .. .. .. 15 75 (10) of section 23 Fencing .. .. 579 948 the Native Land Ploughing, disking, and 62 115 Amendment and harrowing Native Land Claims Seeds, &c. .. .. 1,222 1,222 Adjustment Act, 1929. Motor-oil, spirit, &c. .. 15 15 Wages .. .. .. 74 74 Interest on loan .. .. 357 762 Sundries .. .. 19 19 Balance Board mortgage .. 5,520 7,681 9,822 13,069 XXI. MĀKETU. (Plan 21.) (I) Maketu Farm. £ £ Makefcu A subdivisions. (See G.-10, 1931.) Section 23/1929. Buildings .. .. 5 351 a. r. p. Farm equipment .. .. 649 Total area .. .. 1,078 033 18th Dec., 1930. Fencing—Material and labour 414 2,142 N.Z. Gazette,, 23rd Dec., Fertilizer and sowing .. 94 514 Added 12th January, 1932 (N.Z. 1930. Grass-seed and sowing .. 5 162 Gazette, 21st January, 1932): —■ A. R. P. Dairy stock .. .. 870 2,062 Pukaingataru B No. 24b .. 41 2 5 29th May, 1931. Sheep .. .. .. .. 296 B No. 24f No. 1.. 84 310 N.Z. Gazette, 4th June, Horses .. .. .. .. 77 126 115 1931. Pigs .. .. .. .. 40 Clearing and draining .. 155 845 1,204 2 8 Cultivation and crops .. .. 179 Roading .. .. 117 386 1 Shelter-belts .. .. .. 23 ! Wages —Milking and general farm work .. .. 90 574 Sundry expenses .. 94 367 1,844 8,667 Less Sales— Butterfat .. .. .. 1,072 Sheep 337 Pigs .. .. .. 58 Sundry produce .. .. 41 1,844 7,159 (2) Te Puke. £ £ Rangiuru 2a subdivisions. (Sea G.-10, 1931.) Section 23/1929. Equipment .. .. .. 46 A. R. v. Draining .. .. .. 82 Total .. — ... 422 2 2-1 28th July, 1931. Dairy stock .. .. .. 9 — N.Z. Gazette, 6th Aug., Fencing—Material and labour .. 359 1931. Feed .. .. .. .. 13 Horses .. .. .. .. 103 Roading .. .. .. 1 Scrub-cutting and clearing.. .. 967 Cultivation .. .. .. 47 Sundries .. .. .. 11 1,638

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G.—lo.

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Analysis of Expenditure. Lands Authority. T 0 81 t T 8 , t j Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. " 0." —WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT —continued. XXI. MAKETU (Plan 21)—continued. (3) Motitt Island. A. K. P. j £ £ Motiti A 2b, Section 2 .. .. .. 40 2 26 Section 522/1931. | Fencing-material .. .. 298 „ A 3b No. 1a .. .. .. 10 132 j «===» „ A 3b No. 1b, Section 1 .. .. 9 3 11 12th Jan., 1932. A 3b No 1b ,, 2 .. .. 9 3 11 N.Z. Gazette, 21at Jan., " A 3b No. lc 20 1 25 1932. „ A 3b NO. 2 .. .. .. 26 0 15 ,, B No. 2 (northern portion) .. .. 13 2 0 18th Feb., 1932. B No 3 „ ■ • ■ • 8 2 0 N.Z. Gazette, 25th Feb., ," B No! 4 „ .. .. 15 1 0 1932. „ B No. 5 „ . ■ ■ • 9 3 24 „ B No. 6 „ .. .. 8 0 16 ,, B No. 7 „ .. 6 15 ,, B No. 8 „ .. .. 3 2 14 „ B No. 9 „ .. 8 2 8 „ B No. 10 „ .. • ■ 5 1 24 B No. 11 „ . • ■ • 6 18 „ BNo. 12 „ .. 6 1 13 „ BNo. 13a „ .. .. 1 0 13 „ B No. 13b .. .. .. .. 0 3 17 „ B No. 13c .. .. .. .. 0 0 29 „ B No. 13d .. .. .. .. 11 1 22 „ B No. 14 (northern portion) .. .. 6 18 „ B No. 15 „ .. ■ ■ 9 3 17 „ B No. 16 „ .. • • 9 3 24 „ B No. 17 „ .. .. 10 3 4 „ BNo. 18 „ .. •• 6 1 13 „ BNo. 19 „ .. .. 11 1 8 „ B No. 20 „ . • • • 2 2 32 Motiti North 0 No. 1 .. .. 37 3 0 ,, C No. 2 (unleased) .. .. 5 2 11 C No. 3 .. .. .. 29 1 33 C No. 4 .. .. .. 11 2 0 C No. 5 .. .. .. 14 3 0 C No. 6 ...... 7 3 8 | C No. 7a .. .. .. 7 1 18 0 No. 7b, Section 1 .. 8 2 0 C No. 7b „ 2 .. 36 0 22 D No. 1 .. . • • • 15 2 30 D No. 2 .. .. .. 33 0 1 D No. 3 .. .. .. 2 3 2 D No. 4a .. .. 10 1 20 DNo. 4b .. .. 11 3 25 D No. 4o .. .. .. 7 2 35 D No. 5 .. .. .. 15 2 14 D No. 6a .. .. .. 6 1 34 DNo. 6b .. .. 11 3 39 D No. 7 .. .. .. 12 0 0 B No. 1 .. .. • • 24 1 37 E No. 2 .. .. . • 15 2 23 E No. 3 .. - ■ • • 34 3 13 E No. 4 .. .. • • 13 0 30 E No. 5 .. . ■ • • 4 1 15 E No. 6 .. .. • • 36 2 34 E No. 7 ...... 24 3 17 ! E No. 8 ...... 4 2 35 ENo. 9 .. .. •• 42 1 18 E No. 10 .. . • • • 3 0 0 F .. .. ..100 " G .. •• ..200 MotitiA No. 1 .. ■ • • • .. 51 2 32 „ A No. 2a .. . • • • .. 23 2 14 „ A No. 2b, Section 1 .. .. .. 3 2 22 852 0 1 ============== XXIa. BRENT'S FARM, ROTORUA. A. B. P. £ £ Sections 22 and 36, Block I, Tarawera S.D. .. 25 0 0 Section 23/1929. Equipment 95 Section 23, Block II, Tarawera S.D. .. 5 0 0 Dairy stock ,. .. .. 32 o „ .. 161 3 6 Horses .. .. .. .. 36 9 j n .. 143 2 30 Feed .. .. .. .. 29 Leasehold purchased on Sundries . . .. .. 5 335 1 36 18th Mar., 1932. 197 (28 acres 3 roods 10 perches of Section 9, Block II, Tarawera Less Sales of sheep -. .. 9 S.D., is subleased to Mr. Robert Charles Curham.) — . . loo £ £ Land-purchases .. .. 2,760

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62

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands ., .... included therein. Authority. To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, j 1931. 1932. « C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXII. TAURANGA. (Plan 22.) A. R. P. I £ t Kaitimako A .. . . .. 88 1 13 Section 23/1929. 1 Equipment .. .. .. 8.1 » B .. .. .. 67 2 38 Clearing and draining .. .. 928 >> C .. .. .. 35 2 0 7th Deo., 1931. Fencing—Material and labour .. 320 » D .. .. .. 52 2 0 N.Z. Gazette, 10th Dec., Cultivation .. .. .. 10 ,, E .. .. .. 26 2 14 1931. ; Roading .. .. .. ] 78 „ F No. 1 .. .. 25 2 10 Sundries (supervision and .. 48 ,, I' No. 2 .. .. .. 108 2 20 survey work) G 27 0 7 .. 1,565 H .. .. .. 81 1 5 J No. 1 .. .. .. 41 3 12 J No. 2 .. .. .. 78 2 11 „ K .. .. .. 61 0 6 Section 522/1931. L .. .. .. .. 30 0 26 Hairini No. 1b .. .. .. .. 3 2 0 10th Feb., 1932. „ No. Id .. .. .. .. 8 2 0 N.Z. Gazette, 18th Feb., „ No. 5c .. .. .. 6 2 25 1932. „ No. SB .. .. .. 13 1 3 Te Onepu .. .. .. .. 6 0 0 Waipapa .. .. .. .. 15 2 24 Total .. .. .. 778 1 14 XXIII. NGATIAWA. (Plan 23.) A. B. P. £ £ Lot 246a 1, Parish of Waimana .. 12 1 0 Section 23/1929. Equipment .. .. I .. 318 „ 246b 1a, „ .... 18 0 0 Buildings and accommodation; .. 244 „ 246b 1b, „ .. .. 56 1 0 6th June, 1931. i Scrub-cutting and clearing .. 1,619 „ 246b 2, „ .. .. 240 2 13 N.Z. Gazette, 11th June, : Fencing and material .. .. 1,860 „ 246b 3, „ .. .. 183 1 20 1931. Dairy stock, &c. .. .. 473 „ 246b 4, „ .. .. 135 2 0 Fertilizers and manuring .. .. 331 „ 247, „ .. 40 0 0 |, Grass-seed and sowing .. .. 2 ,116 „ 248, „ .... 40 0 0 Draining .. .. .. 604 " 246a 2 (part) „ .. 596 1 15 1 p urohased under sub- Cultivation (ploughing, &c.) .. 136 :SSW : :: :: «8 5» f :: :: :: ffi „ 245 (part) „ .. .. 1,149 0 5 J 26/1029 Sundries 368 Total .. .. 3,945 0 10-2 ..8,417 £ £ Land-purchases .. .. 6,976 6,976 XXIV. RUATOKI. (Plan 24.) Ruatoki Nos. 1, 2, and 3 Blocks, subdivisions, a. e. p. ! £ £ which are still owned by'Maoris, Whaitiri- Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. .. 1,876 6,513 papa Block and Tapatahi Block containing Accommodation for Super- 801 1,106 together an area of .. .. .. 19,042 3 8 7th April, 1930. visor, store-shed, &c. Te Pohue No. 1 .. .. .. 89 2 23 N.Z. Gazette, 17th April, Fencing-material.. .. 360 2,433 „ No. 2 .. .. .. 149 0 0 1930. Grass-seed and sowing .. 423 2,938 Ngautoka .. .. .. .. 159 0 0 Other seed .. .. 108 140 Puketapu .. .. .. .. 41 1 21 18th Aug., 1930. Fertilizers .. .. 757 2,684 Tuturitanga .. .. .. .. 141 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 4th Sept., Equipment .. .. 74 349 Poutere .. .. .. .. 162 0 0 1930. Herd-testing .. .. .. 183 Awamate .. .. .. .. 0 3 34 Discharge of liabilities .. .. 301 Matai .. .. .. .. .. 23 2 25 26th May, 1931. Horse-feed .. .. 38 344 Awamutu .. .. .. .. 30 0 37 N.Z. Gazette, 4th June, Roads .. .. .. .. 635 Haruia.. .. .. .. .. 46 2 26 1931. Draining .. .. .. 552 Waitapu .. .. .. .. 167 0 0 Clearing (scrub-cutting, &c.) .. 274 Toketehua .. .. .. .. 29 3 6 Cultivation (ploughing, &c.) .. 194 Hamoremore .. .. .. .. 32 3 0 Sundries .. .. 52 128 Onuitera .. .. .. .. 26 1 16 — TeTarata .. .. .. .. 85 0 0 4,489 18,774 Otauirangi .. .. .. 35 3 15 Less Repayments by .. 1,071 Urukaraka .. .. .. .. 4 3 30 settlers Ohinenaenae .. .. .. .. 72 2 0 4,489 17,703 Te Rautao .. .. .. .. 31 0 17 Te Tapapatanga .. .. .. 43 3 16 Tapuiwahine .. .. .. .. 871 2 30 £ £ Hoko Wliitu-a-Tu .. .. .. 599 2 20 Crown purchases in sections .. 2,943 Rautawhiri .. ... .. .. 3 1 25 . under consolidation == — - Kohai Block .. .. .. .. 1,003 0 9 Total .. .. .. 22,893 0 38

Gr.—lo.

63

i Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands included therein. | y- To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXV. RUATAHUNA. (Plan 25.) £ 1 £ Apitihana (part) and other blocks. (See G.-10, 1931.) Section 23/1929. Sheep .. .. .. .. 1,743 Camp accommodation .. .. 21 A. B. P. 24th Mar., 1931. Fencing-material .. .. 432 Total .. .. 12,181 2 7 N.Z. Gazette, 2nd April, Fertilizers .. .. .. 77 1931. Grass-seed .. .. .. 72 Tools .. .. .. .. 82 Bushfelling .. .. .. 20 Scrub-cutting .. .. .. 75 Sundries, including shearing, .. 55 &c. — —-— 2,577 Less sales of sheep .. .. ! 118 .. | 2,459 XXVI. WHAKATOHEA. (Plan 26.) (1) The various parcels or subdivisions of the a. R. p. Section 23/1929. Opape. £ £ Opape Block which still remain Native Buildings .. .. .. 150 land, saving and excepting those 18th Dec., 1930. Equipment .. .. .. 34 parcels alienated by way of lease to N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Dec., Discharge of liabilities .. J .. 1,559 Europeans of which the leases are 1930. Grass-seed .. .. ; .. 341 still in existence .. .. .. 15,442 1 35-2 Fertilizer .. .. .. 206 (2) The parcels or subdivisions of the Waio- 14th Jan., 1931. Fencing-material .. .. 38 tahe Parish, situate in Opotiki Survey , N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Jan., Dairy stock .. .. .. 205 District .. .. .. .. 323 2 17'8 1931. Surveys .. ... 186 194 Wainui Reserve, Section 313, Parish of Wai- Sundries .. .. .. 11 mana, comprising an area of 600 acres, j —-— —— more or less, and access .. .. 607 3 17 186 2,738 Less Repayments by .. 200 (See G.-10, 1931.) units • 186 2,538 Total .. .. .. 16,373 3 30 11 1 Hinahinantji. £ £ Fencing .. .. .. 13 Equipment .. .. J .. 12 Clearing and draining .. .. 113 Roading .. .. .. 8 Sundries .. .... 18 164 Wainui. £ £ Buildings .. .. .. 37 Equipment .. .. .. 11 Fencing-material .. .. 80 Fertilizer and sowing .. .. 39 Grass-seed and sowing .. .. 234 Sundry wages, clearing, &c. .. 222 .. 623

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64

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Authority. To 31st To 31st included therein. Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. " C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXVII. OPAPE BASE FARM. (Plan 27.) Opape 2a 1 Block A Section 23/1929. Equipment " " i! 39? 18th Dec., 1930. Fencing-material.. .. •• 9 N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Dec., Fertilizer .. . • ■ • 71 1930. Grass-seed .. .. • • 31 Dairy stock .. .. 589 1,056 Leasehold purchased and Horses .. .. ■ ■ • • 88 possession obtained Clearing, less subsidy for .. 25 31st July, 1931. scrub-cutting Sundry expenses .. .. "3» Wages, farm-work .. .. 260 589 2,429 Less Proceeds butterfat, .. 460 &c. 589 1,969 £ £ Land-purchases .. .. 1,993 2,000 XXVIII. TORERE. (Plan 28.) Awaawakino A and B, Towre 1a, and Waiohoata A sub- Mi .iaNU.i» " 1.8 divisions. (See G-10, A R p U lt April, 1931. Ferning-material .. « T . , i 36 6 i is N.Z. Gazette, 23rd April, Grass-seed and manure .. . • oli ° " * * 1931. Dairy stock .. .. • • Added 2nd December, 1931 (N.Z. Gazette, Sundries " 10th December, 1931) a. k. p. bundnes .. • Torere Ia 16 .. •• o ? 2,476 " lA 5 2 13 Less Repayments by .. 317 » lA 1 ' " 01 9 qq settlers — - 'A 30g .• ■• 31 2 33 2 160 „ 1A30m .. 3 2 32 «= „ 1a 30t (part) .. 1 1 12 1a 30X 2a .. .. 2 3 28 „ 1a 30x 3 . • • • 4 3 19 „ 1a 30x 6 . • • • 8 0 27 „ 1a 30x 13 . ■ ■ • 5 2 6 „ 1a 30x 14 . ■ • • 4 1 2 „ 1B 4O . ■ • ■ 82 0 23 1B 7 ■ ■ .. 138 0 37 " 1B 8 • • •■ 129 1 18 1B 9 •• .. 112 118 „ 1b 12B . ■ • ■ 66 1 24 „ lB 13 • • ■■ 160 1 18 ;, IB 14 38 3 8 Waiohoata A 1 •. • • A 2A . • .. 13 0 2 „ A 2B • • 9 1 26 A 4 .. •• 3 2 7 ;; A 5 .. 6 0 33 A 6 ■ ■ • • 9 19 A 9 .. 6 0 38 A 10 .. 10 3 30 A 12A .. ■ • 11 1 20 A 12c 1.. ■ • 4 0 36 „ A 12c 2.. .. 13 3 35 „ A 12b 2 • • 4 3 15 A 14 •• 6 2 0 ;; A 15 .. .. 6 3 21 A 17 .. • ■ 13 3 12 " A 18 .. 19 0 28 A 20 • • 18 3 30 ;; iiī :: .. 9 021 A 22 .. 15 1 0 A 23 7 2 0 A 27B . • •• «6 2 16 „ A 31 .... 7 0 16 A 32a .. ■ 4 0 2 A 32B .... 4 3 37 I A 34 • • .. 59 3 28 " A 36 (part) 10 0 0 ;; A 37a .. .. 89 0 14 A 37B .. •• 8 10 A 37c .. •• 140 2 20 B 2 Lot 1 .. 158 0 0 Awaawakino B (part) . • 443 2 0 3,382 0 7

G—lo.

9—G. 10.

65

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands . included therein. ' •' To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXIX. TE KAHA. (Plan 29.) a. r. p. Te Kaha Semes. £ £ Omaio 2 .. .. .. .. 0 1 14 Section 23/1929. 1 Water-supply .. .. .. 994 „ 3 .. .. .. 0 1 .14 i Scrub-cutting .. .. .. 56 „ 4 .. .. .. 0 1 14 2nd Dec., 1931. ; Fencing-material .. .. 148 „ 6 .. .. .. 0 3 27 N.Z. Gazette, 17th Dec., Fertilizers .. .. .. 121 . , 7 .. .. .. .. 2 1 16 1931. 1 Grass-seed .. .. .. 273 „ 8, 9, and 10 .. .. 5 3 34 Loose tools .. .. .. 4 „ 11 and 12 .. .. .. 3 1 11 Section 522/1931. i Surveys .. .. .. 4 „13 0 2 13 „14 .. .. .. .. 2 3 32 13th Jan., 1932. 1,600 „ 15b 1 .. .. .. .. 010 N.Z. Gazette, 21st Jan., i Less Repayments by .. 36 „ 15b 2 .. .. .. .. 6 2 32 1932. settlers 16 ...... 12 2 .. 1,564 17 (part) .. .. .. 10 4 ===== „ 18 .. .. .. .. 2 3 25 „19 .. .. .. .. 13 3 Mabaentti SEEIES. £ £ ' „ 20 .. .. .. .. 2 0 0 Fencing-material .. .. 153 „ 21a .. .. .. .. 19 0 28 Sheep .. .. .. .. 216 „ 21B .. .. .. .. 10 0 22 ........ 2 3 0 .. 369 „ 23 ...... 6 3 0 = „ 24 10 3 25 „25 .. .. .. .. 9 13 OMAIO Series. £ £ „26 .. .. .. .. 20 1 30 Fencing—Material and labour .. 172 „ 27 .. .. .. .. 42 1 32 Grass-seed .. .. .. 400 „ 28 .. .. .. .. 18 2 20 Fertilizers .. .. .. 45 „ 29 .. .. .. .. 8 3 37 Scrub-cutting .. .. .. 75 „30 .. .. .. .. 3 2 5 Surveys .. .. .. 11 „ 31 .. .. .. .. 7 3 38 Roads, &c. .. .. .. 5 „ 32 .. .. .. .. 1 3 38 Equipment .. .. .. 4 „ 33 .. .. .. .. 20 2 6 „34 8 10 ..712 „ 35 72 I 0 ■■ „36 .. .. . • • • 25 2 30 „37 .. .. .. .. 119 ORETE Series. £ £ ',38 .. .. .. .. 11 2 34 Fencing-material .. .. 72 „ 39 .. .. .. 21 1 14 Grass-seed .. .. .. 263 „ 40 .. .. .. .. 2 1 34 Sundries .. .. .. 1 ,. 41a 1 .. .. .. .. 35 3 0 „ 41A 2 35 3 0 ..336 „ 41B .. .. .. .. 16 0 16 „ 42 .. .. .. .. 16 0 0 43 Section 1 (parts) .. .. 47 0 0 Whangaparaoa Series. £ £ 43 „ 2 .. .. .. 5015 Fencing —Material and labour .. 470' " 43 3 .. .. 91 0 0 Grass-seed .. .. .. 93 " 43 „ 4 (parts) .. .. 131 0 0 Scrub-cutting .. .. .. 80' 43 „ 5 .. .. 36 2 5 Roads, &c. .. .. .. 150 „ 43 „ 6 .. .. 38 1 16 Tools .. .. .. .. 29 „ 43 „ 7 .. .. 153 3 5 Sheep .. .. .. .. 105 43 „ 11 (part)- .. .. 18 0 0 Sundries .. .. .. 3 „ 43 „ 12 (part) .... 128 0 0 Wharawhara 1a .. .. .. 2 1 26 930 j B .. .. .. 5 3 20 Less Unemployment sub- .. 100 lc .. .. .. 6 1 12 sidies 2 ...... 7 3 11 ..830 3 .. .. .. 42 0 2 4B .. .. .. 83 0 23 5 .. .. •• 76 3 11 6 .. .. .. 3 0 9 7 .. .. .. 4 1 26 9 .. .. •• 9 3 8 10 .. .. •• 17 1 32 11 7 3 5 12 .. .. .. 10 J 20 13 .. .. 13 2 11 14 .. .. .. 11 0 32 15a .. .. .. 6 1 13 15b .. .. 18 1 25 16 .. .. 18 1 29 ,,17 .. .. .. 24 0 0 „18 .. .. .. 1 3 27 19 .. .. .. 6 1 20 , 20 ...... 9 1 27 ! 21 5 3 9 22 .. .. .. 23 I 28 „23 .. . • ■ • 14 2 35 24 .. .. .. 1 3 28 25 .. .. .. 32 2 24 Maraenui (part) .. .. .. 1,351 3 28 I I

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66

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Anthnri+v f included therein. Autnomy. To 31st To 31 , t Items. March, March, 1931. i 1932. " C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXIX. TE KAHA (Plan 29)—continued. A. R. P. Whitianga 1 .. .. . • •. 22 1 0 2 .. .. .. .. 1 2 30 3 .. .. .. .. 2 3 34 „ 4 .. .. .. .. 7 2 30 5 .. .. .. .. 1 2 30 6 2 3 34 7 .. .. .. .. 847 0 0 8 .. .. .. .. 177 2 0 9 .. .. .. .. 818 1 31 10A .. .. .. 169 0 0 10b .. .. .. 33 0 0 11 .. .. .. .. 141 2 4 ]2 .. .. .. .. 197 2 0 13 .. .. .. .. 105 3 0 14 .. .. .. .. 229 3 0 15 .. .. .. .. 21 2 0 Wharawhara 26 .. .. .. 478 2 0 Awanui-Haparapara 1 .. .. .. 5 3 29 2A .. 39 2 34 2B 1A .. .. 8 3 30 2b 1B 1 .. .. 2 3 9 2B 2B .. .. 12 0 27 3A .. .. 14 1 27 3B 1 .. .. 5 2 28 3B 2 .. .. 1 1 28 3b 3A .. .. 8 2 9 „ 3B 3B .. .. 3 0 0 „ 3B 3d .. .. 10 2 1 „ 3B 4a .. .. 5 2 18 3b 4B .. 11 2 13 „ 3b 4c .. .. 17 2 28 3c 1 .. .. 5 2 28 3c2 .. .. 25 1 12 3D .. .. 18 3 7 3E 1 .. .. 10 0 3E 2 .. .. 7 12 3b 3 .. .. 7 12 3E 4 .. .. 4 1 12 3e 5 .. .. 10 1 11 3E 6 .. .. 8 0 15 3E 7 .... 7 1 3 3u .. .. 38 2 4 4a 1 .. .. 27 3 17 4a 2A .. .. 104 0 26 „ 4a 2b .. .. 98 1 0 4b .. .. 1,314 0 0 Hakota 1 ,. .. .. .. 200 „2 .. .. .. 424 1 30 „3 .. .. •• .. 267 3 10 4a .. ' .. .. 311 3 0 „ 4b .. .. .. 14 3 13 4c 1 .. .. .. .. 24 0 12 4c 2 .. .. .. .. 43 0 15 5a 1 .. .. .. .. 120 3 24 5a 2 .. .. .. .. 528 0 16 „ 5b .. .. .. 31 3 39 5c I .. .. .. .. 9 1 13 5c 2 .. .. .. .. 36 0 13 5d 1 .. .. .. 41 0 22 5D 2 .. .. .. .. 16 2 32 „ SD 3 .. .. .. .. 18 2 17 „ 5D 4a .. .. .. .. 10 2 0 „ 5D 4b .. .. .. .. 6 0 32 TeKahaBl .. .. .. .. 9 2 37 B 2 .. .. .. .. 4 1 24 B 3 .. .. .. .. 12 0 0 B 4 .. .. .. .. 0 2 31 B 6b. . .. .. .. 1 0 32 B 6F.. .. .. .. 0 3 9 B 6g.. .. .. .. 2 2 39 B 6h.. .. .. .. 0 2 12 B 6j .. .. .. .. 0 1 31 B 6k. . .. .. .. 0 3 24 B 6l .. .. .. 1 1 24 B6M .. .. .. 0 2 6 B 6M 1 .. .. .. 3 3 0 B 6m 3 .. .. .. 0 3 2 B 6m 2 .. .. .. 5 0 23 B 6m .. .. .. 0 2 0 I

Gr. 10.

10—-G. 10.

67

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands A .. . included therein. Authority. To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. ■ . " C." —WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXIX. TE KAHA (Plan 29)—continued. A. R. P. Te Kaha B 60 .. .. .. 0 2 9 B 6P .. .. .. 0 2 28 B 6P 1 .. .. .. 6 1 34 B 6R .. .. .. 10 4 B 6s .. .. .. 0 3 24 „ B 6T .. .. .. 2 3 28 B 6u .. .. .. 12 6 B 6v .. .. .. 4 2 18 B 6w .. .. .. 3 2 23 B 6w 1 .. .. .. 1 0 21 ,, B 6x .. .. .. 1 0 33 B 6x 1 .. .. .. 3 0 10 „ B 6Y .. .. .. 0 3 5 „ B 6z .. .. .. 2 2 10 „ CI .. .. .. 232 „ 0 2 .. .. .. .. 533 „ 0 3.. .. .. .. 4 2 14 0 4.. .. .. .. 1 0 24 „ 0 5.. .. .. .. 0 2 14 0 6.. .. .. .. 1 2 38 „ 0 7 .. .. .. .. 1 0 15 „08.. .. .. ..510 09.. .. .. .. 333 1 .. .. .. .. 12 3 12 2A .. .. .. .. 87 3 3 2B .. .. .. .. 36 3 33 2o .. .. .. .. 60 0 9 „ 3 .. .. .. .. 9 2 28 „ 4 .. .. .. .. 14 3 6 5 .. .. .. 24 2 13 6 .. .. .. 31 2 0 7 .. .. .. 25 2 28 8 .. .. .. 28 0 32 9 .. .. .. 32 3 23 „ 10A .. .. .. .. 14 0 26 „ 10B .. .. .. .. 20 3 30 „ 11 .. .. .. .. 35 2 9 „ 12 .. .. .. .. 25 3 35 „ 13 .. .. .. .. 14 1 0 „ 14 .. .. .. .. 28 2 10 „ 15 .. .. .. .. 29 2 18 „ 16B .. .. .. .. 66 1 1 „ 17 .. .. .. .. 10 1 24 „ 18 .. .. .. .. 28 2 16 „ 19 .. ...... 10 0 27 „ 20 .. .. .. .. 10 3 27 „ 22 .. .. .. .. 8 3 24 „ 23 .. .. .. .. 9 3 28 „ 24 .. .. .. .. 10 1 35 „ 25 .. .. .. .. 1 3 16 „ 26 .. .. .. .. 5 2 8 „ 27 .. .. .. .. 1 2 22 „ 28 .. .. .. .. 15 2 16 „ 29 .. .. .. .. 17 2 0 „ 30 .. .. .. .. 18 3 28 „ 31 (part) .. .. .. 2 2 5 „ 32 .. .. .. .. 9 1 12 „ 33A .. .. .. .. 18 1 34 „ 33B .. .. .. .. 7 1 24 „ 33o .. .. .. .. 8 1 11 „ 34B .. .. .. .. 21 1 17 „ 35 .. .. .. .. 50 1 8 „ 36 .. .. .. .. 21 1 3 „ 37 .. .. .. .. 4 3 17 „ 38 .. .. .. .. 9 0 36 39 (part) .. .. .. 2 1 31 „ 40 .. .. .. .. 23 0 19 „ 41a .. .. .. .. 5 2 19 „ 41B .. .. .. .. 17 0 9 42 ,. .. .. .. 38 0 28 „ 43 .. .. .. .. 40 2 32 „ 44A .. .. .. .. 9 1 12 „ 44B .. .. .. .. 6 2 5 „ 44a .. .. .. .. 9 3 6 „ 45 .. .. .. .. 31 3 34 „ 46 .. .. .. .. 455 1 31 „ 47 .. .. .. .. 114 3 2 „ 48 .. .. .. .. 134 0 5 .49 .. .. .. .. 109 3 25

G.—lo.

68

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands An+hnritv ! m m , included therein. Authority. . To 31st To 31st I Items. March, March, II 1931. 1932. 'i " o." —WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXIX. TE KAHA (Plan 29)—continued. A. K. P. Te Kaha 50 247 0 10 51 .. .. .. .. 263 2 20 52A .. .. ... 5 0 37 52B 2 .. .. .. 11 3 3 53A .. .. .. .. 12 0 0 54a .. .. .. .. 143 0 3 54B .. .. .. .. 192 2 11 55 .. .. .. .. 166 0 39 56A .. .. .. .. 8 0 0 56B .. .. .. .. 135 1 0 57 .. .. .. .. 95 2 24 58 .. .. .. .. 55 0 0 59 .. .. .. .. 120 3 14 Maungaroa 1, Section 1 (part) .. .. 76 0 13 1 „ 2 .. .. 69 2 20 1 „3 .. .. 4 1 15 1 4A .. .. 20 3 0 „ 1 ,, 4B .. .. 15 1 0 1 4c .. .. 43 3 10 1 „ 5 .. .. 5 3 20 1 „6 .. .. 20 0 11 1 „7 .. .. 12 2 32 1 „ 8 .. .. 9 2 29 1 „9 .. .. 16 0 33 1- „ 10 .. .. 8 0 0 1 „ 11 .. .. 10 0 30 1 „ 12 .. .. 3 2 7 1 12A .. .. 3 0 23 1 „14 .. .. 10 0 14 1 „15 .. .. 8 3 6 1 „16 .. .. 1 3 29 1 „ 17 .. .. 1 3 29 1 „18 .. .. 11 3 10 1 „ 19 .. .. 8 10 1 „ 20 .. .. 3 0 30 1 „21 .. .. 3 0 12 1 22a .. .. 29 1 33 1 23a .. .. 10 2 1 23b .. .. 1 3 16 1 23c .. .. 12 6 1 23D .. .. 1 1 34 1 „ 23e .. .. 2 1 23 1 „ 23F 2 .. .. 0 2 29 1 „ 23o .. .. 1 0 39 1 23h 1 .. .. 0 2 0 1 „ 23h2 .. .. 0 2 17 1 23K .. .. 2 0 15 1 23l .. .. 2 0 12 1 23m .. .. 2 0 14 1 „ 24 .. .. 12 0 21 1 „ 25 .. .. 12 0 26 1 „26 .. .. 21 2 8 1 „ 27 .. .. 38 0 9 1 „28 .. .. 9 0 30 1 „29 .. .. 26 0 19 1 „30 .. .. 34 1 25 1 „31 .. .. 3 0 0 „ 2 (part) .. .. 50 0 0 Waikawa-Pahaoa 1a .. .. 84 1 10 1a 1 .. .. .. 10 0 1a 2 .. .. .. 1 2 24 IB .. .. .. 31 1 13 lc .. .. .. 40 3 26 ID .. .. .. 42 2 34 1B .. .. .. 56 2 17 IF .. .. .. 36 0 30 1g .. .. .. 25 0 1 1h .. .. .. 15 1 14 li .. .. .. 14 0 32 Waikawa 2a .. .. .. .. 101 2 5 Motuaruhe 1 .. .. .. .. 300 0 5 2a .. .. .. 145 3 15 2B .. .. .. 437 2 7 3 .. .. .. 291 2 28 „4 .. .. .. 179 0 29 „5 .. .. .. 146 1 5 6 .. .. .. 224 2 21 7 .. .. .. 78 0 29 Te Waiti 2b .. ., .. .. 512 1 20

G.—lo.

69

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands An+hnrifv m . included therein. Authority. To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXIX. TE KAHA (Plan 29)—continued. A. K. P. Te Anaputarua (pari) .. .. .. 9 2 15 Taragaure .. .. .. .. 257 111 Kaikoura 2 .. .. .. .. 9 3 15 3 .. .. .. .. 21 3 20 4 .. .. .. .. 18 3 4 5 .. .. .. .. 3 2 20 6 .. .. .. .. 22 2 0 8 .. .. .. .. 19 2 5 9 .. .. .. .. 3 2 20 1 16 1 4 11 .. .. .. .. 7 0 2 12 ........ 137 2 20 Kapongaro 1.. .. .. .. 500 2 .. .. .. .. 80 2 16 Otaimina (northern portion) .. .. 120 0 0 Raekahu 1 .. .. .. .. 14 2 32 2 .. .. .. .. 25 0 0 3A 8 1 20 3c .. .. .. 14 0 6 3D 10 2 5 3B •. .. •. • • 3 1 35 3b- 10 3 38 „4 4 2 10 „ 5 ...... 4 1 32 I 6 .. .. .. .. 25 2 38 7 .. .. .. .. 28 0 20 8A .. .. .. 10 0 4 11 .. .. .. .. 2 0 2 12 .. .. .. .. 2 0 24 13 2 0 33 14 .. .. .. .. 0 3 16 15 .. .. .. -- 10 2 0 16 .. .. .. .. 5 2 16 17A .. .. .. 2 0 13 17B 62 I 0 18 .. .. .. .. 1 3 36 „ 19 23 1 36 20 .. .. •• 12 1 12 „ 21 7 1 13 22A .. .. -. 10 0 „ 22B 1 .. .. .. 10 0 22B 2 .. .. .. 2 3 37 „22o 1 1 20 22d .. .. .. 8 3 29 Te Maori 1a 8c .. .. .. 17 3 20 1B 8o .. .. .. 28 2 0 2 .. .. .. .. 34 3 10 3 4 14 4 .. .. .. .. 6 0 13 5A 1 .. .. .. 0 2 13 5A 2 .. .. .. 0 2 13 5A 4 .. .. .. 0 2 13 5A 5 .. .. . - 3 0 37 5A 6 .. .• • ■ 2 2 20 SA 7 .. .. .• 5 19 5a 8 .. .. .. 3 3 10 5B 4 1 27 Pohaturoa 1 .. .. .. . • 4 2 16 2 .. .. 3 1 12 3 . .. .. .. 2 2 33 4 .. .. .. 8 3 22 " 5 10 1 6A 1 2 30 ,, 6B. . .. .. . • 0 1 26 7 . .. .. .. 5 0 2 „ 8 .. .. .. • • 0 0 29 Tataramoa 1 .. .. . • • • 0 3 14 2 .. .. .. •• 0 19 3 0 0 37 Te Rua (part) .. .. .. 2 1 31 Te Poito 1, 5, and 6 .. .. .. 19 1 10 2 .. .. .. 5 2 19 „ 3 8 1 10 7a .. •• •• 3 2 30 ;; 7b 1 22 0 0 „ 7B 2 26 1 31 Orete A .. .. • • • • 91 3 0 „ D 220 0 0 „ E 49 I 20 F . .. .. .. 30 0 0 G .. •• 129 I 20

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Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Authority ! „ * included therein. [ To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXIX. TE KAHA (Plan 29)—continued. A. B.§P. Orete HI .. .. .. .. 30 0 0 „ H2A 16 2 26-6 „ H2b .. .. .. .. 33 1 13-3 „ J 2a .. .. .. .. 58 3 14 „ J 2B .. .. .. .. 44 2 26 „ K 8 3 0 „ LI .. .. .. .. 16 0 0 „ L2 .. .. .. .. 40 0 0 „ L 3b 74 0 32 „ Ml .. .. .. .. 9 3 20 „ M 2 .. .. .. .. 6 3 27 „ 3A .. .. .. .. 41 0 34 „ 3B 3 1 12 „ 3c 1 .. .. 9 2 0 „ 3o 2 .. .. .. .. 28 2 9 „ 3E 1 7 0 37 „ 3B 2 .. .. .. .. 2 3 22 „ 3f .. .. .. 6 1 36 „ 3g 11 3 33 „ 3h 8 2 12 „ 3j 4 3 32 „ 3k .. .. .. .. 4 0 16 „ 3l 0 3 19 „ 3m, Section 1 .. .. 44 3 35 „ 3m „ 2 .. .. 15 2 22 Matapapa Ia .. .. .. ■. 67 2 23 „ 2a,"Section 1 .. .. 8 2 0 2a/ „ 2B .. .. 117 1 3 2c 53 3 10 2e 146 1 39 „ 2f, Section 1 .. • • 10 0 0 ,, 2f ,,2 .. . • 46 1 8 2f „ 4 .. .. 453 2 14 Oruaiti 1a .. .. .. 122 1 24 1b . .. .. 81 2 16 2 .. .. •- 816 0 0 „3 .. .. .. •• 816 0 0 Whangaparaoa 1a .. .. .. 765 0 0 „ 1b (part) .. .. 3,624 0 0 2b 552 0 0 2e, No. 1 .. • • 439 3 20 2b, No. 2a .. .. 434 2 16 2g 704 0 0 2H 973 0 0 3a, NO. I .. .. 998 0 0 3B 11,462 0 0 41,826 1 4-9 " D.'' —TAIRA WHĪTI MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XXX. TAKATAHU. (Plan 30.) A R P £ £ Whetumatarau No. 5 .. .. .. 347 2 38 Section 23/1929. BushfeUing and scrub-cutting 481 704 g _ 70 1 20 Grass-seed and sowing .. 138 23rd April, 1930. Fencing and material .. 270 737 Total .. .. .. %18 0 18 N.Z. Gazette, 15th May, Sundries .. • ■ 23 23 . . — 1930. Beef cattle .. .. • • 417 912 2,163 Less Unemployment sub- .. 68 sidies 912 2,095 XXXI. WAIAPU-MATAKAOA. (Plan 31.) A. b. p. £ £ Herupara No. 1 Block and other blocks (see Section 23/1929. Bushfeffing .. .. •• 2,116 G-10 1931) • •• 4,829 0 0 Discharge of liabilities .. .. Added 28th September, 1932 (N.Z. Gazette, ' 20th April, 1931. Fencing-material .. 1,468 8th October, 1932) N.Z. Gazette, 18th June, Grass-seed .. .. •• 1,519 Tikitiki 1b (Hereumu) 771 0 0 1931. Turnip-seed 93 » lc (Ahape) »4 » " " !! IS 5 ' 844 ° ° 7,674 Less Unemployment sub- .. 525 sidies 7,149

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Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands An+Witv _ m A included therein. To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. . ' " D."—TAIRAWHITI MAORI LAND DISTRICT —continued. XXXII. POROPORO (INCLUDING WHENUAKURA). (Plan 32.) A. B. P. A. B. P. £ £ Poroporo A 1 .. .. 315 1 11 Section 23/1929. Bushfelling .. .. 1,565 2,456 „ A 2 .. .. 10 0 1 Grass-seed and sowing .. 253 2,039 „ A3 .. .. 87 0 34 23rd April, 1930. Other seed .. .. .. 95 „ A 14 .. .. 1,788 3 0 N.Z. Gazette, 15th May, Fencing and material .. 490 1,986 2,201 1 6 1930. Buildings, &c. .. .. .. 550 „ A 4 .. .. 60 3 38 Discharge of liabilities .. .. 225 „ A 5 .. .. 40 2 13 15th Jan., 1930. Dairy stock .. .. .. 510 „ A 6 .. .. 24 3 25 N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Jan., Beef cattle .. .. 122 A 7 .. .. 40 0 15 1930. Sheep .. .. •• •• 2,059 „ A 8a .. .. 15 3 16 Surveys .. .. .. 159 „ A 8b .. .. 19 2 12 Sundries (including loose .. 121 „ A 9 .... 59 0 15 tools, shearing, &c.) ,, A 10 .. .. 59 2 27 Sundry wages .. .. .. 603 „ All .. .. 29 1 10 Draining .. .. 169 A 12 .. .. 50 1 13 — 400 1 24 2,308 11,094 —— Less Proceeds mutton and .. 595 2,601 2 30 wool — A 15 (road reserve) .. 4 3 16 2,308 10,499 Urupa .. .. .. 0 3 3" 3 Less Unemployment sub- .. 200 -————— 5 2 19-3 sidies —- — 2,308 10,299 Total .. .. 2,607 1 9'3 Less Repayments by 8 , settlers 2,308 10,291 XXXIII. TUPAROA. (Plan 33.) Whareponga A 1 and other blocks (see a. b. p. £ £ G.-10, 1931) .. .. .. 6,746 1 33 Section 23/1929. Scrubcutting and clearing .. .. 1,613 Added 12th September, 1931 Fencing—Material and labour .. 5,166 (N.Z. Gazette, 17th Sep- 19th Mar., 1931. Discharge of liabilities .. .. 2,643 tember, 1931) : — A. B. P. N.Z. Gazette, 26th Mar., Grass-seed .. .. .. 138 Matarau B .. .. 426 3 20 1931. Sheep .. .. .. .. 1,443 Totaranui A1 .. .. 438 3 20 Potatoes .. .. .. Ill Waipiro A 23b .. .. 473 0 21 22nd May, 1931. Supervision .. .. .. 213 1,338 3 21 N.Z. Gazette, 4th June, Sundries, including ploughing, .. 54 ■ 1931. building, &c. — 8,085 1 14 11,381 r 1— Less Unemployment sub- .. 923 sidies 10,458 Less Repayments by .. 10 settlers — 10,448 XXXIV. MOHAKA. (Plan 34.) £ £ a. b. p. Dairy stock .. .. | 2,095 3,064 The following lands, situate in the Mohaka Section 23/1929. Beef cattle .. .. .. 773 and Waihua Survey Districts, in the Sheep .. .. .. j .. 405 Tairawhiti Native Land Court Dis- 15th Jan., 1930. Fencing—Material and labour 1,334 5,299 trict:— N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Jan., Cultivation .. .. j 788 1,559 (1) The various parcels or subdivisions of 1930. Grass-seed .. .. 337 1,266 the Mohaka Block which still re- Turnip-seed, oats, &c. .. 37 235 main Native land, saving and ex- Fertilizers and labour .. 310 1,195 cepting those parcels alienated by Farm implements .. 187 337 way of lease to Europeans of which Sundries .. .. 305 596 the leases are still in existence and Clearing .. .. 47 1,714 containing an area of 10,006 acres 10,006 0 0 Roading| .. .. .. 252 (2) The various parcels or subdivisions of Potatoes .. .. .. 207 the Waipapa Block which still re- Buildings .. .. .. 509 main Native land, saving and ex- Supervision .. .. 145 212 cepting those parcels alienated by Draining .. .. 68 68 way of lease to Europeans and of which the leases are still in exist- 5,653 17,691 ence and containing an area of Less Unemployment sub- .. 447 1,200 acres .. .. .. 1,200 0 0 sidies — Putere A 11b 1 and 2, and Waihua lc, and 5,653 17,244 other blocks .. .. .. 2,556 2 30-9 22nd April, 1931. Less Miscellaneous credits .. 34 (See G.-10, 1931.) N.Z. Gazette, 30th April, 1931. 5,653 17,210 Total .. .. ..13,762 2 30-9 Less Repayments by .. 32 i - settlers — 5,653 17,178

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! Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands included therein. Autnomy. To 31st To 31st Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. « D."_TAIRAWHITI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXXIVa. PDTORINO NORSERY. A. R. P. £ £ Part Section 23, Block II, Moeangiangi Survey Section 23/1929. Equipment-—Tools .. .. 1 District, and being part of land included in Labour—Grubbing and weed- .. 322 Renewable Lease No. 141, Volume 12l, folio Leasehold purchased ing 101, Hawke's Bay Registry .. .. 26 2 0 from State Forest Sundries—Rent, &c. .. .. 10 (Lease was given for two years from 9th Department on 29th —— September, 1930, with right of renewal May, 1931. .. 333 for further three years at rental of 4s. *=-* , - per acre per annum.) £ £ Purchase of property and .. 1,000 stocks of trees ' < — i "E."--AOTEA MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XXXV, RANANA. (Plan 35.) £ £ Morikau, No. 1, Section 1, and other blocks. (See G.-10, Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. .. 1,069 1,683 1931.) Draught horses .. .. 62 102 A. B. p. 7th April, 1930. Fencing-material .. 599 1,007 Total .. .. .. 4,516 3 14 N.Z. Gazette,, 17th April, Fertilizers .. .. 199 285 — 1930. Wages .. .. .. 1,199 2,625 Farm implements .. 212 402 21st Mar., 1931. Discharge of liabilities .. 1,555 1,555 N.Z. Gazette, 26th Mar., Grass-seed .. .. .. 155 1931. Sundries, including loose 969 1,113 tools, horse-feed, &c. Sheep .. .. .. .. 130 Milking plants .. .. .. 165 Buildings .. .. .. 838 5,864 10,060 Less Repayments by .. 1,439 | settlers — 5,864 8,621 XXXVL TOKAANU. (Plan 36.) £ £ This scheme was operated under section 25 of the Native Section 522/1931. Plant and equipment .. 522 546 Trustee Act, 1930, but has now been taken over by the Buildings and furniture .. 962 1,001 Native Department under section 522 of the Native Land Clearing, scrub-cutting, &c. 2,040 2,740 Act, 1931, and the blocks included in the scheme re- Cultivation, ploughing, &c. 62 687 gazetted under the latter Act (including some additional Fencing and material .. 230 1,064 blocks), as follows: — Fertilizers .. .. .. 228 A. e. p. 31st March, 1932. Grass-seed and sowing .. .. 1,030 Part Waipapa 1a .. .. .. .. 310 0 N.Z. Gazette, 7th April, Draining .. .. .. 190 Waipapa Id .. .. .. .. 386 3 39 1932. Crops and harvesting .. .. 115 tl If .. .. .. .. 107 2 24 Supervision .. .. .. 445 u let .. .. .. .. 2 0 0 Sheep .. .. .. .. 633 1h .. .. .. 40 3 16 Administrative charges .. .. 514 1j 1 .. .. .. .. 49 1 23 Shelter-belts .. .. .. 20 „ 1j 2a .. .. 30 2 29 Sundries .. .. 386 490 „ 1J 2b .. .. 43 0 24 „ 1j 3 .. .. .. .. 56 0 36 4,202 9,703 it lj 4 .. '.. .. .. 8 3 35 Less Unemployment sub- .. 333 1j 5 .. .. .. .. 62 2 33 sidies 1j 6 ,. .. .. .. 68 0 1 4,202 9,370 n Ik .. .. .. .. 108 0 4 Less Sundry credits .. 44 210 „ 1l (part) .. .. .. 50 2 5 1M .. .. .. .. 189 0 21 4,158 9,160 Tokaanu A .. .. .. .. 66 2 0 Less Accounts unpaid at .. 1,160 B Ib .. .. .. 53 1 18 31 March, 1932 — „ BID .. .. .. .. 261 2 16 4,158 8,000 „ B 1h (part) .. .. .. 25 0 0 — ' — ,, B 1j (part) .. .. .. 40 0 0 „ BlM .. .. ... .. 63 0 22 „ B IN .. 33 3 21 B lo 2 .. .. .. .. 40 1 10 B IP .. .. • - .. 44 2 17 B 1Q 2 28 2 4 Hautu 3a 1 .. . ■ .. 25 1 3 „ 3B 1 22 0 37 „ 3B 2 63 1 21 „ 3o 1A 11 3 10- „ 3o 1b .. -. ■ • • • 11 3 10 „ 3o lo 20 0 10 „ 30 2 199 0 11 „ 3E 1 43 2 38 „ 3e 2 116 2 21 „ 3e 3 116 2 21 „ 3b 4A 134 0 21 , 3E 4B .. .. .. • • 132 0 0 „ 3B5 .. 213 3 12 „ 33P 3 129 3 26 3F4 126 1 16 „ 31 5B 56 0 21 Total 3,325 0 26

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Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands . I' : included therein. Authority. , Items. March, March, ! 1931. 1932. " F."— ĪKAROA MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XXXVII. HERETAUNGA. (Plan 37.) ! £ £ Karamu F 2 and other blocks (see G.-10, a. e. p. Section 23/1929. Buildings .. .. .. 29 1931) .. .. .. .. 1,403 0 26-5 Dairy stock .. .. .. 201 11th Aug., 1931. Sheep .. .. .. .. 134 Added A. K. p. N.Z. Gazette, 20th Aug., Potato crop .. .. .. 182 Karamu 1 3 .. .. .. 19 3 34 1931. Other crops .. .. .. 155 Omahu 2m 1 .. .. n 2 25 Farm equipment.. .. .. 151 " n M i 2 31st Aug., 1931. Fencing-material.. .. .. 119 ,, 2m o .. .. 11 2 23 N.Z. Gazette, 3rd Sept., Fertilizers .. .. .. 57 „ 4c, Section 9 .. ... 37 2 4 1931. Ploughing, &c. .. .. .. 74 Pumnga 4a 1 .. 71 1 24 Sundries .. 4 4a2 ..9 2 0 23rd Sept., 1931. 11 Residue of Wharerangi 6b 4b 2 left N.Z. Gazette, 1st Oct., 1 106 after the sale of 11 acres 1 rood 1931. Less Repayments by .. '203 22 perches thereof to one Charles Codd 83 3 20 22nd Oct., 1931. ~^ 3 Northern and separate portion of N.Z. Gazette, 26th Nov., " Karamu C 2 .. .. 16 2 14 1931. Waipuka 3b 1a 2 .. .. 38 0 6 Lots 3 and 7 on a plan deposited 27th Nov., 1931. in the Land Registry Office, N.Z. Gazette, 10th Dec., Napier, under No. 3351, and 1931. being part of Petane No. 1 Block 6 3 28 Matahiwi 3b .. .. .. 22 0 30 Waiohiki Id 2b 11 .. .. 31 1 32 372 1 31 1,775 2 17-5 Less excluded— Residue of Wharerangi 6b 9th Nov., 1931. 4b 2 Block, left after the sale N.Z. Gazette, 19th Nov., of 11 acres 1 rood 22 perches 1931. thereof to one Charles Codd .. 83 3 20 1,691. 2 37-5 XXXVIII. MANAWATU. (Plan 38.) | £ £ Matakarapa No. 1 and other blocks (see a. e. p. i Section 23/1929. Accommodation (tents) .. .. 5 a P'' " Draining .. .. .. 48 Aaded 19th August, 1931 (N.Z. Gazette, 27th 1 1st August, 1931. Loose tools .. .. .. 15 August, 1931): , N.Z. Gazette, 6th Aug., Scrub-cutting .. .. 103 Part Sections 11 and 12, Manawatu- 1931. Potatoes .. 14 Kukutanaki No. 2e Block .. .. 34 1 26-03 " " 11 305 3 36-03 185 "G."—SOUTH ISLAND MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XXXIX. WAIRAU. (Plan 39.) Wairau, Block XII, Section 5a, and other blocks. (See Section 23/1929. £ £ G.-10, 1931.) Survey work .. .. .. 191 a. E. p. 28th Mar., 1931. Wages ... .. .. ., 168 Total .. .. .. 839 3 14 N.Z. Gazette, 9th April, =™ l 031 - .. 359 Excluded, 17/6/1931. 11th May, 1931. N.Z. Gazette, 14th May, 1931.

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BULK PURCHASES. ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURE TO 31st MARCH, 1932. Stock. £ £ Stock purchases.. .. .. •• •• •• •• 18,180 Less Transfers to schemes .. .. .. •• 5,627 SJalpa . . . . . . 2,301 •• •' " 7,928 Balance .. .. .. -• •• •• £10,252 Grass-seed. £ £ Grass-seed purchases .. .. .. •• •• •• 11,580 Less Transfers to schemes .. .. .. ■ • 9 > 506 Salpq . ■ •. 424 — 9,930 Balance .. .. .. •• •• •• £1,650 Fencing-material. £ Purchases .. .. .. •• •• •• i'lai Less Transfers to schemes .. .. .. • • • • 1,341 Balance .. .. .. • • • • • • £382 Fertilizers. Manure purchases .. .. .. • • • • • • £394 Sundries. Sundry purchases and expenses .. .. .. • • • • £287 Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (1,500 copies), £110.

— — -jfa - By Authority: W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 933.

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Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Authority. To 31st To 31st included therein. Items. March, March, 1931. 1932. «G."— SOUTH ISLAND MAORI LAND DISTRICT —continued. XL. ORAKA. (Flan 40.) Oraka, Section 2b, Block XI, Longwood, and other blocks. Section 23/1929. £ % X1 ino, i Dairy stock .. .. 350 bd7 ' ' A . E. v. 19th July, 1930. Beef cattle .. .. j 19 19 Total .. .. .. 1,143 0 3 N.Z. Gazette, 24th July, j Sheep .. .. 187 211 ===== 1930. Horses .. .. .. 211 284 Tools and implements .. 213 422 29th Jan., 1931. Fencing-material .. 225 358 N.Z. Gazette, 5th Feb., Fertilizers .. .. 33 92 1931. Grass and other seed .. 47 1,464 Bushfelling .. .. 96 3,033 23rd Feb., 1931. Sundries, including horse- 80 293 N.Z. Gazette, 26th Feb., feed, &c. 1931. Building-material, &c. .. 21 371 Draining- .. .. 32 61 Fencing and labour .. 105 216 Line-cutting .. .. 95 104 Ploughing, &c. .. .. 50 62 Roads .. .. •• 116 165 1,880 7,792 Less Unemployment sub- .. 587 sidies 1,880 7,205 Less Repayments by .. 112 settlers 1,880 7,093 The expenditure figures shown against the Oraka scheme include also Kawhakaputaputa scheme. XLI. KAWHAKAPUTAPUTA. (Plan 41.) Longwood, Block VI, Section 4, and other blocks. (See Section 23/1929. For expenditure, see Oraka Development n in ino! \ Scheme, above. G -~ 10 ' 193L) a. B. p. 19th July, 1930. Total .. .. 1,266 2 35 N.Z. Gazette, 24th July, = 1930. 29th Jan., 1931. N.Z. Gazette, 5th Feb., 1931.