NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT. STATEMENT BY THE HON. SIR APIRANA T. NGATA, NATIVE MINISTER.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1931 Session I-II, G-10

i—G. 10.

G.—lo,

1931. NEW ZEALAND.

NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT. STATEMENT BY THE HON. SIR APIRANA T . NGATA, NATIVE MINISTER.

P ™ s ™^oJ^Home S jfjhel^^

»?**■* 1931. Scales under various headings, on each scheme Plans also ITlZlff 8 the ex P endi ture, analysed comprehensive nature of the undertakings The reportis *! ** aS P ment.on an aspect, of land-settlement thatshouT \hl „7 > the lnform ation of Parasympathetic consideration. ° Uld be better understood and which deserves PRELIMINARY. subiett of f Nat^ knds that *-* ° f *• ment. This statement is concerned only with ? sue \ lands for European settlenecessary to include with Native lands-the Zl^2ofT P °V\ by the Maori - Jt *■ come into the possession or occupation o " SZkVr^LTT^T^ 17 - effective utilization exists. Maoris, m respect of which the same demand for COMMUNAL TITLE. the NivTttifs "jruya niK s she? if not insuperabie > was tbe - existed in a British community, was providedSth a JS E Such a title > if ** the pakeha : it was either held in S7 or deposed 0 f Wbch WM a com ™Aplace with *. Native Land Court, to respect the customs and usages <rf the BfaSTrSS to S 1 H Wn m Treaty ° f Waitan gi * Native Rights Act, 1862, which declared iht to *£* s t fegUarded the to have the titles to his lands determined according flu Clfcl f «*ip, but also his right constituted in 1865 to carry out that policy 7"* T g T- ■ , The °° Urt ™ s on Native custom the reduction of ascertained tribal £„ T 7° f Judlclal interpretation facts, which were recorded in o TdmTfo?X^ d^ml W^ d^tte to*M\o^ (1) n ::::: of indmuds thm **« »*>* ~— «**** » be ancestors through whom claims were set Sfr «bribes, or as between sissr the titK with - with -—— sAara, tile equivalent areamtuhecalculaZ «) 'X ™ mdmdwl ™ /«»»% off its as access and value. 9 calculated, subject M mut tim, to SWC A considerations (3) Detail m to sez, age, or disability, and guardianship branch of the Polynesian Lee" would reveHn iSSS ° f 6 * as the Ma ™ the factor of occupation at a recent period or a? Z T Tf™ 1 descendai >ts, subject only to occupation being warm." The last considera ion if I W ° Uld PU * *' " sub J ect to «»« %« of title for the new^of Bettlementtn8ettlementtnd C rii;S "** be tbe ba » d ~f the not jested the titles. B. it is r \ based « added ~**-^ Naive owners' powers of f ed «trirttaJS^ footing with their European fellow-citizens it ma \T™Ti 3 P -° IlCy ° f plaCm S tbem on problem became. maj be readll y appreciated how serious the Xf

G.—lo.

In the main the Native-land legislation of the Dominion has centred round the fabric of a communal title without, until recently, devising ways of circumventing or escaping from its toils. A method suggested by English experience was to subdivide or to partition the land among the individual members owning it. The indiscriminate pursuit of that method may be found at the root of many of the difficulties in the settlement of Native lands. Except where the normal proceedings were intercepted by alienation of the land, they have in many cases resulted in over-subdivision and chaos. In the interests of settlement drastic methods were adopted by Parliament from time to time — namely, the vesting of large areas in the Public Trustee or special Boards, such as the East Coast Trust Lands Board, or, later, in Maori Land Boards or the Native Trustee, for administration. In none of these was the settlement of the Maori upon land a feature of the schemes, and they we're not supported by the good will of the communities interested. The solutions offered for this fundamental difficulty have been made in the last twenty-five years, and have been based on the experience of one district, the East Coast District of Poverty Bay. They may be summarized as follows in the order in which they appeared in practice, corresponding with the order in which they were adopted by legislation : — Devices to overcome Difficulties of the Communal Title. (a) Incorporation of Owners. Briefly, this meant that the owners of any area or contiguous areas, subsequently extended to areas not necessarily contiguous but having elements of common ownership, were, with the consent of a majority in value, incorporated. A body corporate was created, which acted through a corhmittee of management,' having complete power to raise funds on the security of the land and to cafiry out farming operations. It was deemed to be a temporary measure to overcome the handicaps of the communal title, to organize the land resources of the community, and to secure the selection of its best and most efficient members to conduct the work and business of farming. So far as it related to farming it was practically confined to the district between Gisborne and Hicks Bay, where it bridged a gap and enabled a ihrge area to be brought into cultivation. It had the valuable features of assuring finance and the good will of the community, which was in personal touch with the administration of the land. It is probable that this system will be retained in most districts where a family carries on and is not willing to dispose of the land to any one member of it. \ (b) Consolidation of Interests. Briefly, this is a scheme to gather together into one location if possible, or into as few locations as possible, the interests of individuals or families scattered over counties or provinces by virtue of their genealogical relationships. The basis is the net value of the interests of an individual in the lands included in a consolidation scheme, after assessment of encumbrances, including outstanding title fees, survey charges, and local rates. The opportunity is seized to make the new holdings conform to modern requirements, practicable fencing boundaries, access, water-supply, aspect, and so forth ; also to adjust the roading of the area ; and, with the consent of the Crown and of private owners, to effect exchanges of mutual benefit. The Crown has benefited by the consolidation of undivided interests purchased by it, and private owners have succeeded in improving their boundaries or in collecting round their holdings isolated Native interests purchased by them. Commencing in 1911 with the Waipiro Blocks, on the East Coast of the North Island, the principle of the consolidation of titles has been expanded until it now applies to Native-owned lands in five counties on the East Coast and in the Bay of Plenty, five in the King-country, and to practically the whole of the Native lands north of Auckland. It is now a stupendous undertaking. It has had to overcome considerable conservatism in the ranks of the Native Land Court as well as among the tribes whose lands have been subjected to it; but wherever it has been applied the Maori communities have been insistent that it should be carried out with speed and vigour. It is doubtful whether any movement ever aimed at the solution of the Nativeland problem is so deserving of the encouragement and assistance of Parliament. It may be added that consolidation further enables a complete stocktaking to be made of the Native-land titles within the scope of a scheme ; also their classification for purposes of local taxation ; and finally organizes the title in such a way that it is available for any purpose the owners may elect to adopt. While the incorporation of owners was deemed to be the readiest means of organizing a communal title for purposes of finance and effective farm-management, it does not satisfy the demand instilled into the individual Maori or family by close contact with the highly individualistic system of the pakeha. Consolidation is the most comprehensive method of approximating the goal of individual or, at least, compact family ownership. (c) Testing in Statutory Bodies to administer as Farms. Concurrently with the methods of incorporation and consolidation lands held communally were vested in statutory bodies with powers to administer as farms for the Native beneficiaries. A system of leasing to selected Native- owners was also put into operation with limited success. The former system, while it brought valuable areas under cultivation, did not promote to any great extent the education of Maori communities in the farming of land. The accumulated effect of the application of these devices, in conjunction with education and other factors in the impact of western civilization on the culture of the Maori people, has been to break down ' ' wall of conservatism and to force tJ. resignation to methods which appeared drastic, but emphasized ~nt of the lands as against the niceties of title. \

II

6.—10.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR MAORI FARMING. Until the second decade of the present century the attempts to assist Maoris to farm their lands were sporadic and hesitating. Where the individual had been fortunate enough to obtain a freehold title to valuable land he was permitted to raise money upon mortgage, a very costly proceeding because of the safeguards and restrictions imposed by the Legislature, which regarded less the needs of the would-be Maori farmer than the supposed machinations of the designing money-lender The mortgage was suspected as another device to wrest his land from the Maori. After the advances-to-settlers legislation came into operation its resources were theoretically available to Maori landowners but in practice, so great was the prejudice against the Native title, very few were able to secure assistance from that source. Still, there was a hesitating recognition by the Legislature and financial institutions of individual cases worthy of assistance. On the other hand, the fear of losing more of their lands deterred many Maori communities from involving themselves with mortgages, and such as made substantial progress in the utilization of their lands were assisted thereto in various ways by private individuals, stock-agents, or storekeepers without hypothecating their lands. In 1903 Farm-management Committees of incorporated blocks were authorized t<T raise Tunds by way of mortgage over stock and chattels. In 1906 this authority was extended to the mortgage of land, but only from a lending Department of the Government.' When the whole of the then existing enactments relating to Native lands were consolidated in 1909 the provisions relating to farming incorporated lands were revised and extended, and the borrowing-powers of the. body corporate clearly defined, but in regard to the land security the limitation to State lending Departments was continued, and was not until 1912 extended to private lenders. These provisions, which aimed at the utilization by the owners of lands held communally by them, were paralleled by enactments which gave the Native Minister power to deal with areas not properly occupied by the Maori owners, but were suitable for settlement, by Maoris. These were vested in Maori Land Boards, who were empowered to lease to Maoris only, with preference to nominated owners. No lease could be assigned to any person, other than a Maori, without the consent of the Native Minister. This system, which was introduced in 1906, was extended a year later, and is now governed by Part XVI of the Native Land Act, 1909. Except in a few cases, it did not meet with much success, but served its purpose in advancing thought regarding the settlement of Maoris upon land. Native Trust Office. No appreciable advance was made in the legislation whereby Maori farmers could be financially assisted between 1909 and 1920. There had, however, been accumulating in the Public Trustee's Account moneys in respect of Native reserves, or moneys invested therein by Maori Land Boards being undisbursed rents or proceeds of the sale of Native lands, or monevs belonging to minors and' other Maoris under disability. The Native Trust Office was established by the Native Trustee Act 1920, and took over certain powers relating to Native reserves and Native estates hitherto vested in the Public Trustee, together with the accumulated Native funds mentioned. The position of these funds at the 31st March, 1920, was as follows :— Native Estates held by the Piiblic Trust Office at 31st March, 1920. Dr. Or. t. t ~ £ s. d. £ s „ d. Native reserves .. .. .. .. 67 0 7 43,919 1] 6 Native Land Act, 1909, section 185 .. - .. 50 11 11 124 786 11 7 Native Accounts, miscellaneous .. .. 215 1 13' 007 5 9 West Coast Settlement Reserves .. .. 310 7 11 80 828 0 6 £430 15 6 £262,541 9 4 In addition, the various Maori Land Boards had the following funds, most of which were invested in the Common Fund of the Public Trust Office :—

III

l 1 __ • £ s. d. f s. d. £ £ . j Aotea .. .. .. 126,142 0 3 18,573 4 4 .. 144 715 i 7 Ikaroa .. .. .. 49,593 1 3 5,106 5 7 1,900 56*599 7 0 South Island .. .. 2,750 4 4 1,601 Oil . i'351 5 3 Tairawhiti .. .. .. 50,000 0 0 7,894 18 7 13,000 70'894 18 7 Tokerau .. .. .. 59,281 9 9 2,956 1 8 62*237 11 5 Waiariki .. .. .. 57,269 1411 19,074 17 10 7ô'344 12 9 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. 142,385 8 10 36,227 19 .. 10 7 Totals .. .. 487,42119 6 91,433 10 8 14,900 593,755 10 2

G.—lo.

The Native Trustee. Act was passed on the 6th October, 1920, hut did not come into operation until the Ist April, 1921. On taking over from the Public Trust Office in the latter month the Native Trustee received securities to the amount of about £798,477 (including £195,000 worth of local-body debentures), £25,000 only in cash, and a payment on behalf of the Native Trustee of £20,868 due to the various Maori Land Boards —a total of £844,315. What is of interest in this review of the legislation and policy relating to financial assistance to Maoris to farm their lands is the provision that the Native Trust Board may invest money in advances secured by mortgage of any freehold or leasehold interest in any Native freehold land, or in any Native land vested in or administered by any Maori Land Board, or in any Native freehold land vested in incorporated owners, not exceeding three-fifths of the value as approved by the Board. Subsequent amendments extended the provision to freehold or leasehold interest in Native land vested in or administered by the Native Trustee, or to any co-operative dairy company or other company of which a majority of the shareholders are Natives. Parliament in this legislation rendered the Maori race useful service by organizing the accumulated funds which belonged to various sections of it for assisting, among others, those Maoris or Maori Committees who had sufficient securities to offer. The total amount lent by the Native Trustee on mortgage to Natives, Native institutions, corporate bodies, and individual farmers at the 31st March, 1931, was £546,241. The number of such mortgages was 505. It should be noted that these funds are the property of and are held in trust for Native beneficiaries. MAOFJ LAND BOARDS. Until 1922 there was no definite provision enabling Maori Land Boards, which in regard to almost every other aspect of the Native-land problem determined the disposition, administration, and management of Native lands, to advance moneys upon mortgage. Yet the bulk of the funds formerly held in the Public Trustee's Account, and later transferred to the Native Trustee, were investments by the Maori Land Boards of funds held in trust by them for Maori beneficiaries. In 1922 a Maori Land Board was authorized, with the consent of the Native Minister, " to advance moneys upon mortgage either for itself or on behalf of Natives." Although not specifically limited to advances to Natives, and although considerable advances were made to European occupiers of Native lands, in practice the Boards gradually confined their advances to individual Maori farmers or to management committees of incorporated blocks. For the purpose the Boards used funds in their accounts, or drew on their deposits with the Native Trustee. THE POSITION IN 1926. Up to 1926 no Native land was available as security for an advance until the title was complete or in a position to be completed by survey, and the discharge of liabilities thereon, or unless the land was vested in or administered by such an authority as could give the lender a valid mortgage. The census taken in 1925 had drawn attention to the steady but unmistakable increase in the Maori population, and interested visitors to Maori gatherings up and down the country observed the sturdy youth of both sexes, and speculated on their place in the future life of the Dominion. The problem for statesmen was to provide not for a declining race, but for one reinvigorated and multiplying in numbers. The racial heritage of land had been sadly depleted ; in some districts the new generation was practically landless. New Zealand had then almost reached the end of its pioneering period, in which Maori workmen had helped to clear the forest, drain the swamps, make the roads and railways, and prepare the lands for rich, productive pastures. In such enterprises the able-bodied men of the race could take their part well enough under pakeha direction. But with these completed they realized to a greater extent than heretofore in the history of their people the stress of modern life and how ill-prepared they were to meet it. The kauri-gum industry, the flax industry, and the timber industry, which had hitherto supported a considerable number of them, had fallen on evil days. A considerable Maori population, which had had practical training in almost every operation relating to the development of land, was thus thrown on its own resources. . The time was critical, but opportune in other respects. The older generation had almost passed away, removing thence the conservative influence which had retarded the expansion of the farming movement. Young leaders were emerging among most tribes, men and women who realized the difficult position of their race, and who saw in the cultivation of land the chief hope for its respectable existence. The undertaking of consolidation schemes in every district where considerable areas of land still remained to the tribes, the extension of the lending operations of the Native Trustee and Maori Land Boards, combined to attract the Maori youth to the land. It became clear that existing methods were not adequate to meet the urgent requirements of the Maori people. Consolidation of titles, while the most effective and enduring method as a solution of Native-land difficulties, was in its nature—involving as it did extensive preparation of data, agreements, and adjustments among thousands of owners on a tribal scale, and expensive surveys—too slow to keep pace with the demand that lands should be brought into use. It was necessary to resort to a more speedy and elastic method which would promote settlement of desirable areas pending the permanent adjustment of titles. In 1926 the case was put to the Government and to Parliament that in practice the title to any area of Native land was under the hand of the Government, which could protect the interests of State lending institutions. With the insistent demands of local bodies for rates, the outcry against idle, undeveloped lands, and the delay in the completion of titles, some temporary measure should be

IV

G.—lo.

devised to promote settlement in the meantime. It was urged that moneys might be advanced on the security of a Native block to develop it from the funds of a Maori Land Board and secured by a charge, which the Board was in a unique position to protect. No alienation of the land could be made without prior confirmation by a Board, which could thus insist on the discharge of the debt due to it. As soon as the title was available for mortgage purposes any Board could secure its advance in the orthodox manner. Section 8 of the Native Land Act of 1926 was the result, and marked a distinct advance in the attitude of Parliament towards the problem of Native-land development and settlement. It is sufficiently important to justify an extensive quotation : — " Section 8. —(1) Subject to the approval of the Native Minister, given either generally or with respect to any particular Native freehold land, a Maori Land Board may from time to time advance out of its account moneys for any of the following purposes :— " (a) For the purpose of any agricultural or pastoral business carried on by it: " (6) For the payment of any debts or liabilities of any body corporate constituted under the principal Act: " (c) For the discharge of any charge, encumbrance, rates, or taxes affecting any Native freehold land : " (d) For the farming, improvement, or settlement of any Native freehold land, &c. " (2) Any moneys so advanced shall become a charge upon the land, and shall bear interest at such rate as the Board shall from time to time decide." [Then followed provisions regarding the execution and registration of a memorandum of charge upon the land.] Thus, under pressure, a further device was found to overcome the delays and difficulties inevitably associated with the Native title. In the circumstances the expedient needed to be applied with great care, and it ultimately compelled the exercise of strict supervision. For the purposes of this review, the importance of the provision was that Parliament had come to recognize the predominant need to proceed with the cultivation of Native lands, allowing titles to be adjusted in due course. In 1928 it was suggested from the Gisborne district that a number of deserving cases could not come within the scope of the legislation of 1926. Some machinery was required to bring areas under the administration of an authority with resources and the will to bring the same into production. The Native Land Court therefore was empowered to authorize a Maori Land Board to administer an area on behalf of and for the benefit of the owners, and to expend its funds for the purpose. LOANS BY MAOBI LAND BOARDS. A summary may be given here of the loans.made by Maori Land Boards to Maori farmers up to the 31st March, 1931, as follows :— Loans to Maoris by Boards to 31st March, 1931. Amount Number of Board. advanced. Mortgagors. £ Tairawhiti .. .-.■.. .. .. .. .. 62,349* 81 Waiariki .. .. .. .. .. .. 27,073 94 * South Island .. .. .. .. ... .. 4,170 8 Ikaroa .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 16,198 28 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. .. .. ..16,899 48 Tokerau.. .. .. .. .. .. 43,900 120 Aotea .. .. .. .... .. \. 11,710 20 £182,299 399 The Native Trustee has been the banker for the Maori Land Boards, which have drawn from time to time on their deposits or investments with the Native Trustee for their needs. These are (1) payments to be made to Native beneficiaries, and (2) loans to Maori farmers or expenditure on lands farmed by the Board for the benefit of the Native owners. The lending operations of the Boards quickly expanded after the year 1926. The fact that in some districts instalments of consolidation schemes were being finalized, thus releasing titles as securities for loans, was reflected in the increased volume of advances. Scope for employment on breaking in land and on public works was being steadily reduced in spite of the high prices realized for farm-produce before the 1928-29 season. This reacted on the funds of the Boards in another way, through the demands of beneficiaries for rents and money held in trust for them. The drain on the Native Trustee became severer, and deposits of Board funds with him declined. This position, however, was not appreciated, or, if known, was not taken into account when the legislation of 1929 was framed to give effect to the policy of developing Native-owned lands with State funds made available to the Native Department from the Native Land Settlement Account. THE LEGISLATION OF 1929 AND 1930. . Thus far, although repeated and influential representations had been made, Parliament had not been moved to apply State funds to the development and utilization of lands owned or occupied by Maoris, but had been content to authorize the application to these purposes of accumulated Maori

* Includes £9,800 lent to the East Coast Commissioner.

V

«G.-10.

owned or occupied by Maoris. Tc.overcome any SS&Sto bring such lands titles to the lands proposed to be developed the *at ve ™ ter ownerB we re prevented under the scope of a development : Upo.not within the scheme from interfering with the work of development, and private a / ien ™ ° « f Fjnance througn the was prohibited. The funds for development were proved by thM Native Land Settlement Account. The difficulties as to £"*%£ Minister was armed development and settlement of the with the most comprehensive in 1930 empowered or delegate to any Maori Land Board or to tNf^~ t and imtitnte d a system of development !SSmh »s=s:i^:^ behalf of the beneficial owners. NATIVE-LAND DEVELOPMENT POLICY. The effective occupation of lands owned and held by 2S angles at different periods in the history of the Dominion proportion other lands was much greater than it is now the element of the, sett ement ot m i ancestral lands was a subordinate and barely there appear up to affluence of those owners from the proceeds of the lease or sale 01 s * tQ , the beginning of this century any o acquisitln 5 land from the Native farm their lands. Interest centred rather round the problem ol acq lement of it might owners by the State or private mdividu asn order Ve g u osoillated between the proproceed unhampered by the fcffieulte> £ «a of restrictions against acquisition by ■ 3 tte Native Land CommiSBion (parliamentary paper G.-lc, 1907). Gisborne, where conditions favoured ' P But in some Native districts, notably the East Coas,north oi umdo alternative the development of a Maori farming settlers. The Native policy, which would aim to encourage and tram the Maoris toi Decom _ ill-organized attempts (1907-9) had noted m its ™ZTvuZte wan oforganisation and support by Maori communities in industrial and fa™ «k amative of realizing portions of the niny of these had become half-hearted or had failed. the country gained, but by absorbing * into the SLSrtundeconomfc life of the country the case for a policy of assise J - —*~ * geneial rePOTt (G - 10 ' 19 ° 7 ' tS Native-land question at the present juncture apart from the well-being of the of the i-jAnSßsr £§H »:i should be placed " To our minds, what is now the P™ ount J°~ n ts that enter into the Nativebefore all others when the relative values oithem^y'*™g™ h7Maoris to become land problem are weighed-is the encouragementand trammg ol tn deliberatelv industrious settlers. The statute-book it had outlined a aimed in this direction. The ha f S avSlable in different ways for scheme or method of acquiring Maori lands « «™ng«icj avauao European settlement. The necessity of asking he Maon tc «ettte Ms properly recognized. It was assumed he wa s at once in a hassis sett» ssa* £•*— ~« * «*» „

VI

a—io.

land, except the vague undefined area that should be reserved for his ' use and occupation.' But the causes that have conspired to the failure have not been investigated with a view to remedial measures. And where in spite of supreme difficulties the Mfiori has succeeded in making good use of his land the fact is not sufficiently recognized. The spectacle is presented to us of a people starving in the midst of plenty. If it is difficult for the European settler to , acquire Maori land owing to complications of title, it is more difficult for the individual Maori owner to acquire his own land, be he ever so ambitious and capable of using it. His energy is dissipated in the Land Courts in a protracted struggle, first, to establish his own right to it, • and, secondly, to detach himself from the numerous other owners to whom he is genealogically ! bound in the title. And when he has succeeded he is handicapped by want of capital, by lack of training—he is under the ban as one of a spendthrift, easy-going, improvident people. " The land-settlement policy of the colony is framed in such a manner that the Waste Lands Boards undertake all the preliminary work of putting the titles to selections in order, of surveying them as far as possible with a view of practicable fencing-boundaries, road access, and homestead-sites. The selector concerns himself only with financial arrangements to effect the necessary improvements. Here again the State comes to his assistance and lends him money on easy terms. He claims such facilities and assistance as a matter or right, because he is a valuable asset to the State. Under the Land for Settlements Acts we sometimes spend as much as £13,000 for the settlement of one settler, and we suppose that the average cost of settling one settler on land under these Acts is not much less than £1,500. " In dealing, therefore, with the lands now remaining to the Maori people we are of opinion that the settlement of the Maoris should be the first consideration. And it is because we recognize the impossibility of doing so on a comprehensive scale by the ordinary method of partition and individualization that we recommend the intervention of a body, such as the Maori Land Board, to be armed with powers sufficiently elastic to meet the exigencies of the situation." The Native-land question could not be dissociated from the wider question of the welfare of the Maori race : a satisfactory solution of it was fundamental. The efforts to educate the youth of the race, to improve the hygienic conditions of the villages, to correct the malign influences of certain elements in European culture—all these would fail to produce enduring results unless they centred round and assisted in an industrial development based principally upon the cultivation of land. The problem of cultural adjustment in relation to the cultivation of land is the most important in the consideration of the attempts made by the Maori to fit himself into his present environment. In this connection another parliamentary paper (6.-8, 1928) containing the report of a conference of Maori representatives held at Putiki, Whanganui, during Easter week, 1927, may be quoted :— " The race had reached a stage in its development now when young men, not soured by past tribal grievances, must get together and gather into a coherent, conscious organization the fragmentary progressive attempts made by the Maori to fit himself into his present environment. Sir Maui Pomare and Mr. Ngata defined the present position of the Maori people and recounted the successive steps that had been adopted for its betterment. The leaven of progress had been steadily at work, and, when reviewed along all lines, the development had been remarkable. Physically there was abundant evidence of a wonderful improvement. Apart from the statistics of the last census, no visitor to any representative | Maori meeting could fail to observe the health and vigour of the young generation, its poise and its self-possessed confident bearing, the full cradles, and the greater care of infflnt-life. The latter-day Maori is throwing off the shackles of the past, looking little, if at all, over his shoulder, and interesting himself in the activities and pastimes of his pakelia fellowcitizen. Socially he is rapidly fitting himself into the life of the country, where/lor a time he found himself in bewilderment. His deportment on the tennis-lawns of, llotorua and Wanganui, where good behaviour, sportsmanlike qualities, and control fire part of the players' equipment, was favourably commented on by visitors from other lands. The communal Maori has become an individualist in proprietorship and inxnis home life. His womankind, as with other races, is speeding up the process of Europeanization in the home life and surroundings, so that the pakeha ideal of ' home ' is being gradually realized in the Maori villages throughout the Dominion. And the culture complex that centres round the term ' home' (in its English significance) has with Native modification been adopted. Economically and commercially the influence of four generations of civilization could not fail to affect the Maori extensively. the loss of the greater part of their landed inheritance, the increase in population, ttoe increased cost of living, the raising of the standard of life, and the weakening of the protective elements of the old-time communism, the Maoris of to-day were feeling the economic pressure with progressive severity. The feature of the day was, perhaps, the desire of the;young people to work for themselves rather than be casual employees of others. Much .of the pioneering work in the backblocks—bushfelling, fencing, roadmaking, sntari»*. draining and stumping, and suchlike—had been done and was still being done by the ai .oris. That stage was almost passed in the industrial development of the Dominion. The younger Maoris were reacting on the already complicated Maori-land problem, and were demanding individualization, consolidation, readjustment jf occupation conditions, and financial assistance. Their attitude towards the balance of their landed inheritance was much the same as that of Europeans towards the unoccupied Crown lands and the large estates of the Dominion. They were also compelled to look beyond casual employment in unskilled trades and on public works to the skilled \

VII

a—io.

# if trades, and, with thatjii mind, to regard education and training in a new light. Intellectually the attitude of towards education was a revelation of the accumulated effects of civilizing influences. School attendance readily became one of the stages of the life of the Maori you?u. Naturally well endowed with brains, the discipline of the schools fostered with each successive generation the faculty of application, while the success of a few of their kind in the highest schools supplied fresh incentive and the motive of emulation. To-day no movement is capturing the mind of the best-thinking of the Maori youth so forcibly as that which aims, through the most suitable education, at preparing the Maori to.take a fitting place in the life of the Dominion." The conference made a recommendation which is worthy of repetition. It emphasized the need for the supervision, co-ordination, and organization of existing scattered and ill-organized Maori attempts in industrial and farming pursuits—attempts that could be found up and down the country, but which became half-hearted or failed for lack of organization and support. The conference ventured the view " that a civilization which came with a deliberate mission to convert the Maori to the ways of the pakeha should now produce an organization to link up worthy attempts to respond to its demands, to foster and assist them to the point of success." ! HISTORICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES. At the moment when it was decided to introduce the legislation of 1929 the position reached was that, owing to the loss of the greater part of their lands, to the tailing-off of the pioneering work of the country, to the attainment of a higher standard of living enjoyed for a generation past in common with other sections of the community with its implications in more varied and costly needs, and, lastly, to the increase in population recorded in the recent census, the Maoris of to-day were experiencing a progressively severe economic pressure. On the other hand, the influences of education, of reforms in health and in living and social conditions, and of the ministrations of religious organizations, had brought about extensive adjustments to Western culture, so that the new generation faced the perplexing problems of civilization with fewer of the restraints of the old regime. The economic conditions compelled the Maori to regard the cultivation of land as the prime factor in his maintenance. They forced him to take stock of his land resources and to consider ways and means of re-establishing himself thereon. So that when the Government determined to make available State resources to assist the Maori landowner it seemed to be the psychological moment for a definite forward movement. It was also a point at which Parliament could take stock of the position and balance the factors which might favour success against the weaknesses, which experience revealed, in Maori attempts at adjustment to the industrial conditions of a pakeha regime. In the words of Dr. Raymond Firth (" Primitive Economics of the New Zealand Maori," page 481), the Maori race had entered " the phase of adaptation in which on a foundation of knowledge rather than novelty the Native tries to build up his culture with a clearer understanding of the nature of the new civilization and the complexity of the issues involved." ' Dr. Raymond Firth's Summary of Phases in Maori Economic History. >~ ~ N , In the work quoted Dr. Firth has made a good study of the economic organization of the Maori in pje-European times. In Chapter XIV he briefly traces the transformation which has been effected since fh'e coming of the white man —the period of transformation during the last hundred years, and the new 1 Maori economy as it appears to-day. In a summary on page 472 he differentiates into four phases tli;e economic history of the Maori since he came into contact with the European. This summary 'may be quoted in full, as a very fair statement from the angle of the competent European ethnologist, who brings to the study honesty of purpose and a sympathetic understanding of the Maori people :^ " Fi*;st came the period of initial impact, characterized by a keen demand for certain specific typ?s of articles, and lasting from the period of the early voyagers till about 1840. During this &ime the Native economic structure appears to have remained practically unimpaired, v. " The second phase was marked by an enthusiastic adoption of the alien material culture, coupled with the extensive use of European productive methods. In some of the most important districts agricultural products of great variety were grown by the Natives, and exchanged for a wide range of tyares. This period was marked by the introduction of a money economy, and by the sinkingoosf s Native wealth in certain specialized mechanical forms of fixed capital, such as mills, farm implements, or sailing-vessels. This period saw no diametrical alteration in the organization \of productive effort or in the system of distribution. Most of the fixed capital was owned; communally, by a tribe or smaller group of relatives, and controlled by the chief of the hapu. In his hands» also, v much of the direction of the work of the community. This period *ot«r after 1860. " The next phase was one of stagnation and reaction, due primarily to social friction and land troubles, precipitated by war between the European and a suction of the Native race. It was characterized by the withdrawal of a large number of from active contact with the white man, by dejection and apathy in regard to constructive effort and the economic prospects for the future. The older people, especially, showed 'a lack of incentive and interest in life. Little change in economic structure appears to have manifested itself in this period which, including the years of war, lasted approximately from 1860 till 1880.

VIII

G.—io.

" The fourth phasis%Fwhich the tendencies are revealing, perhaps, an increased impetus in the last few years, is-one W renewed productive effort. Heralded by a conciliatory policv, it has been stimulated,by theVi>ening-up of large areas of land to European settlement. The Native has shown a in all forms of commercial enterprise, and has displayed a conscious desire for the adiSW^ ll °f European "economic methods. The former Maori material culture has been largely replied by that of the white man, and the old economic structure has given way in corresponding Assisted by the deliberate policy of individualizing the shares in tribal land, MCfoVmej>eommunal system has been gradually abandoned, as no longer suited to the new social environment." It is in regard to Dr. Firth's sta*«Sierit of the characteristics pi the fourth phase that some qualifications may be made—could,"mdeed, have been made by himself if his study had penetrated the psychological strata of Maori life and thought. , The material culture of a race may almost completely change its appearance ; the social conditions are bound to be profoundly influenced by the juxtaposition of those of Western culture ; while the code <jf morality must be adjusted to a civilization based on Christian ethics. But beneath the surface, maj i-'eiHy[~iuid racial influences continue their sway over the mind and spirit of the people to a greater extent than 'European "* investigators can appreciate. The materials and form ofxhabitations have so completely changed, that, except in parts of Waikato and of the Urewera country, the reed-MiaKJied whare has disappeared ; education has inculcated a desire for separate, individual homes, m the educated young mother seeks to reproduce something of the social life of the pakeha —the flower-garden, the cottage piano, the gramophone, or radio set, and the tennis-court. The young husband may have his dairy-farm or be employed in the industry of the neighbourhood, i,nd so secure the food, the clothing, the services and amenities of the civilization he is born in. All amusements in which he and his wife may indulge are those of the pakeha—football, tennis, dancing, cinemas, horse-racing, and the like. His religious life is ordered by the observances of one or other of the European Churches or of a sect of his own making, centred round some personality, who makes a psychological appeal based more or less on the Bible. Yet, withal, close observation reveals the hold of the tribal organization and of Native social custom over the lives of the people. The stratifications of the tribal system have been little disturbed by the incursion of Western ideas, and although social advancement may have been attained by the acquisition of wealth, as the modern world regards it, or by education or intermarriage, the rangatira families continue to receive the deference due to their rank and ancient prestige and to exercise in ceremonial the privileges of their position. The yea or nay of influential men or women of erstwhile ruling families, even in the things that the new laws may have appropriated to individuals, is a vital factor in the success or failure of an undertaking. The wise administrator is he who recognizes the existence and vitality of this element in Maori society and adjusts his policy accordingly. If to this element are harnessed the advantages of education and experience of the economy of modern society and personal qualities, which are apt to recur in individuals of the in-bred chieftain lines, the result may be quite remarkable. There is abundant evidence that representatives of these lines are revealing under different and more difficult conditions than prevailed in the hey-day of their family history those qualities of energetic leadership, of wise diplomacy and judgment, which made the chieftains and priests of old such powerful and formidable men. And they are demanding that the resources of the tribe, including education and training acquired from the pakeha, shall be organized towards its welfare and development. They are in their persons and by virtue of the traditions surrounding their families calling anew to long-dormant tribal sentiment and allegiance. It is true that " the former Maori material culture has been largely replaced by that of the white man," but the change is in form, in externals. Thus in agriculture there has been an adjustment, the steel axe replacing the stone axe and fire for clearing scrub and forest; the spade and plough, discs, drills, and other implements displacing the ko and kaheru ; while domesticated animals or tractors draw the modern contrivances for the various operations in husbandry. The aim is, as of old, the cultivation of the land for the production of food. Dr. Firth himself in the earlier chapters of the work from which the summary has been quoted describes in great detail the economic system of the old-time Maori and the social organization to which that system was related. He emphasizes the mechanical ability of the race, its arts and crafts, the status of the carvers, of the house-builders, of the canoe-builders and navigators in the economy of the tribes, and the political and administrative capacity displayed by chiefs and leaders. Mechanical Ability. In a modest way it may be claimed that the Maori of old showed a mechanical genius in his constructive work, his superior houses, his war-canoes, and fortifications. The concomitants were a talent for organization and an artistic ability that finished his handiwork to satisfy his aesthetic sense. The mechanical ability of the Maori has been applied to the constructive work necessitated by the immigrant civilization, which has discovered in him a high average efficiency. From the felling of trees to the building of houses, from the clearing of fern and scrub to the laying-down of permanent pastures, in the operations of road and railway making, and in the handling of implements and machines, the Maori workman has reached a standard of competence sufficient to justify a place for him on the land. He is cheerful and contented, a philosopher at work. His racial endowment in the possession of a keen eye, a deft touch, and a ready co-ordination of mind and muscle is one that statesmen must build on. It has developed greatly under the quickening influences of modem industry. It is a foundation on which changes in material culture may operate without loss in essentials, provided that the mental outlook of the race is not bewildered and obscured by the rapidity of the variations. It may be definitely stated that the Maori of this generation views with philosophic calm the evervarying devices of western civilization for achieving the age-old purposes of the human race. Novelties are no longer miracles, and the greatest miracle of all, the Englishman himself, has ceased to be a novelty.

ii—G. 10.

IX

G.—lo.

Ancient Maori Life full of StrTflss. The impression must be dispelled from our minds that in/ pre-European days the Maori lived a life of idleness. The available evidence points in the, opposi% direction, and shows that his was a full life, a life of stress in a harsh climate—harjsh for a/racial stfoei which for very many centuries had sojourned in tropical or subtropical lands, where Nature was indulgent. In the islands of Polynesia from which his ancestors migrated, where the picture of Jthe good-humoured, lazy, lotus-eating Polynesian was the conventional Western with the resulting foodshortage, accentuated by social and religious difficulties, provided the stress which compelled him to seek less crowded lands with simpler problems. In *h'eislands of New Zealand he had to adapt himself to the conditions of a c»lder which few orEte introduced food and other plants could maintain a hold. Adaptation and the subduing /of elements new in his experience added strength to the Maori physique and character. Whether W house-building to combat the rigours of the climate, or in clothing, or in the devices for collecting «ad storing fish and fowl, or in persuading the cooler «oils ta e prjQduce crops from subtropical plants and seeds,,-difficulties were met and overcome by Maori .iijiiiinri- tmm bo new foots and ?naterials\empirical solutions inspired by racial experience over many seas and in many lands. While he customs,- Vtet mythology, and psychology may have become stereotyped, his mastery over material things, «?&&,; i neolithic age, proved his possession of a good, versatile, inventive brain and of a humorojis philosojWiic outlook on the world. Dr. Firth further states " that the oldseconomk (structure has given way in corresponding fashion." The last sentence of his able summary defines what he opines to be the most significant change in the economic structure—namely, " that assisted by the deliberate policy of individualizing the shares in tribal land, the former communal system has bden gradually abandoned, as no longer suited to the new social environment." At the base of thr 'system was the social organization with an elaborate relationship cult, which culminated at/the apax in the paramount chief. To say that the communal system has been abandoned as no longer suited to the new social environment is to assert that the tribal organization has broken down, and that t 1 e influence and leadership of tribal chieftains are no longer serious factors in the economy of Maori society. It is necessary to examine these subjects, for they are vital to our assessment of the prospects of successfully establishing a scheme of settling Maoris on land. The Element of Leadership. The outstanding feature of the early economic system was leadership, which may be taken as synonymous with chieftainship. It was found in every department of effort. It was inevitable in the circumstances of a communal system that leaders should be evolved, whether in warfare or in the enterprises of peace. If we follow any line of research in the ancient Maori field and have the check of the genealogical record, we will find that tribal history or tradition centred round some leader, a man or a woman, just as it did in the record of any other people. The constitution of the familv, of the subtribe, and eventually of the tribe, in relation to work of all kinds—cultivating, building, food-collecting, and food-preserving—required that at every step some personality above the ordinary should emerge to co-ordinate the efforts of kinsmen, to settle disputes, to inspire, to unravel difficulties, or to confront strange conditions. The ohu or apu, the working-bee, was the outward manifestation of the community in labour, and it was impracticable without leadership. Hereditary rank, with the constant check of individual efficiency in some outstanding element of tribal importance, provided in normal times the leadership required. So we find that a process of selection over many centuries concentrated the choice in certain families, just as it has done in other parts of the world. This fact the student of Maori genealogies will find abundantly proved by the orally transmitted records. The impact of Western influence upon the Maori polity appeared to be most detrimental to chieftainship, and therefore Maori leadership. The new culture introduced influences which undermined the prestige, the mana of the Maori chiefs, and thus for a period deranged the focus of the tribal system. The frontal attack on Maori culture made by the missionaries was levelled at evils such as cannibalism, a heathen mythology, slavery, and immorality, as judged by Western and Christian standards. It was supported and developed in other directions by Western law and government, which introduced the institution of a Supreme Chieftainship, of a Sovereign, whose existence reduced the status of every tribal chief and induced a wholesale readjustment of tribal relations. There were subtler and less apparent, though not less subversive, influences at work—ideas which infected the Maori body politic and unnerved it at the core of chieftainship. English law imported the conception of equality of man and man, which in regard to land resulted in the assessment of individual interests and the establishment of the right to realize the asset as an individual. It protected the individual from the assertion of chiefly right, as in the days of old. Education, or the lack of it, has to some extent been inimical to hereditary rank and leadership. As one result of the Maori wars the rangatira families retired into an environment of resentment, where they remained for a considerable period. The utmost efforts were necessary to persuade them to come forth. Education for a time brought to the front and set up in competition with the scions of former ruling families a new class, men versed in the knowledge and ways of the pakeha. In the struggle of the Maori people to fit itself into a rapidly changing order of things, where new modes of mental communication, unaccustomed terminology, business details, and official inventories and requisitions perplexed the Native mind, the new aristocracy of knowledge rose to eminence and appeared to lead, while the natural leaders of the people appeared to be shelved or at least to be out of step. In this connection the problem has been further complicated by the process known as miscegenation. The infusion of alien blood, more especially white blood, into the make-up of the modern Maori has led to the assertion by men and women of mixed blood of a cultural and mental ascendancy, assisted thereto by the acclaim of pakeha society and their own forwardness. The value of this

X

G.—lo.

element in providing leaders for Maori movements should be emphasized. In a large number of cases a happy combination of physical characteristics, mental ability, and acknowledged good birth has favoured several tribes or subtribes with men and women who have guided them to the best ends. History will have to record the happy accident that in New Zealand there has not been any discrimination by either European or Maori society against the men or women of mixed blood ; that, on the other hand, they have been allowed to fulfil a most valuable function as interpreters and adjusters of the cultures of the two races whose blood has commingled in their veins. On the Maori side, at least, some of the best blood in Polynesia has been contributed to the mixture, while on that of the white man some of the finest physical stock has attracted the aristocracy of Maoridom. There is abundant evidence to show that the institution of chieftainship has survived in a modified form the derangement caused by the influences of Western civilization. The student who is privileged to observe from the inside the constitution of Maori society to-day becomes aware of the existence of an influence permeating it, and to which a respectful deference is paid. He will find it running through a family group, through a subtribe, and so forth, until at some point he reaches its source. Whether its outward form is a group of elders or some person, its opinion or " word "is accepted for the guidance of what appears to be an organized community. Leaders of Maori movements who have gained their position through education or through experience and training in modern industry or business are found in frequent consultation with this hereditary element, which they acknowledge possesses a powerful appeal in all matters to the heart and mind of the Maori tribes. Although modified in form and reduced in status and in its appeal to the individual members of a family or subtribe or tribe, although overlaid by the cult of individual equality and freedom, it is one of the most persistent elements of the ancient regime, a factor always to be reckoned with by statesmen or administrators. Tribal Organization. Intimately connected with the factor of chieftainship and leadership is that of the tribal organization, tribal relationships, and esprit de corps. The geographical limits of the Maori tribes, their distribution and main characteristics, remain to-day much as they were when the Pakeha established himself in New Zealand. It is true that tribal movements which were commenced just as the earliest white men reached New Zealand were not completed until a few years before the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. It is true also that some of these movements were promoted and accelerated by the introduction of firearms. Thus the conquest of the Manawatu and Port Nicholson areas and of parts of the South Island by Te Kauparaha and his confederates was so supported and assured. There was a geographical redistribution in consequence ; but the invaders have retained their identity in the new lands, and their tribal connection with the parent stems in Waikato, Maungatautari, or Taranaki. The tribal cohesion should be emphasized as a factor in relation to any Maori activity of the present day.. We find the appeal of tribal relationship striving at the hearts of the people, even of members long severed from its ties or of those who by their education and blood-dilution would be least expected to respond to the tribal call. Maori patriotism is not so much for a racial ideal as for the tribal name or honour. The sentiment may not have the manifestations that it had in former days, but it must not be disregarded in the policies of to-day. It should be noted that in the last three decades of legislation and administration the arrangement of Maori Council districts (which had to do with health matters), of Native Land Court and Maori Land Board districts (which concerned the adjudication of land-titles and the settlement of lands), followed closely on the boundaries of the main tribes. A certain amount of grouping was inevitable, but generally the tribal distribution was followed. The principle is similar to that followed in the case of pakeha districts, that as far as possible community of interest should be maintained. In tho case of the Maori districts centuries of development and adjustment have fixed the geographical distribution of related communities, and the modern administrative units follow them faithfully. Happily, the objection that with such deference to tribal arrangements the spirit- of tribal jealousies and bickerings may be kept alive can no longer be seriously regarded. It is being into a spirit of rivalry and emulation in the enterprises of peace. The adoption by one district or tribe of a, beneficent element of European culture does influence its neighbours to follow the example. An outstanding illustration to-day is that the success of some of the East Coast tribes in adapting elements of pakeha culture has influenced other tribes throughout Maoridom to emulate their achievements in education, social reorganization, land-settlement, and the preservation of the poetry and the arts and crafts of the race. The point may now be made that the diffusion of ideas, if it is to succeed, must proceed tribally —they must influence the tribal leaders in order to permeate the tribal organization. ' Living Standards. Space will not permit of a full discussion of the standard of living attained by the Maori people to-day after more than a century of contact with Western civilization. It is one of the most important elements in the consideration of the subject of Native land development and settlement. Briefly, it may be asserted that, although there has been an immense change in the externals of the living-conditions of the Maori people, they have not advanced in the same degree relatively to the living-conditions of the white man. An important fact is that Maori life to-day is not supported by the same resources as formerly ; it is confronted with more complicated problems, and more strenuous efforts under puzzling conditions are required to maintain it. It is in the living-conditions of to-day, surrounded as they are by the most difficult economic environment, that the Maori tribes are feeling a stress —the same kind of stress that drove them from the islands of Eastern Polynesia, but intenser in degree, wider in incidence, and more threatening in

XI

G.—lo.

aspect. The Maori of old met the situation by migrating to other lands. The Maori of to-day finds the earth fully occupied, and knows he must work out his destiny within New Zealand. Mot a century ago a West Coast tribe was compelled to leave Kawhia and to oust the tribes that formerly occupied Manawatu and Port Nicholson; but conquests of that sort are not now m the order of m The leaders of the race to-day are thus confronted with one of the most difficult situations in its history In the circumstances, they have regarded certain factors which may be claimed as advantages held by a large section of the Maori people. If the living-conditions are lower on the average than those of the Pakeha, the standard of living corresponds, the needs are simpler and more easily satisfied. As applied to the facts of land-settlement, to the operations involved in the preparation of land for farming, these considerations become of the first importance and must be envisaged in any scheme. With them should be grouped physical and moral factors, greater adaptation of both male and female to the inconvenience and hardships of camp life; a smaller sense of the loss of the amenities of civilization, such as good houses, proper educational facilities, good communications and proximity to towns ; and a temperament that under firm leadership is cheerfully resigned to the strains of the pioneering life. That life is in fact nearer to the life of the bulk of the Maori people m those districts where they still hold considerable areas of land. , The diet of the average Maori in the outer districts and the available supply of food relished by him also must be taken into consideration. His former regime compelled him to provide the whole of his food-supply, as far as natural resources availed, and what he lacked he obtained by exchange and barter His economic system had not developed to any great extent a division of labour in the production or collection of food. It is true that the more " civilized "of them are living the hand-to-mouth life of the pakeha, who grows little of what he consumes, depending on the butcher, the baker, the market-gardener, the milkman or the city milk-supply, and the grocer. His relishes may still be gathered from the beaches or the reefs, or the sea, or forest, lake, and river ; and he may supplement these with home-grown pork or poultry, and even beef and mutton. The Maori m a period of stress can still depend on these resources, a factor in the economics of land-development which must be borne in mind. Failings. So far we have considered the factors that should sustain a Maori community in the development of land; but against them we should set off many shortcomings and weaknesses, either inherent in the race or produced by the removal of incentives or sanctions, which formerly were present in its. social organization. , , _ , t . It has been said with much truth of the Maori that he is not capable of sustained effort, that m occupations which demand unremitting attention and discipline he finds the conditions irksome and restrictive. , Yet his past history shows him fulfilling the annual round of duties to the tune called by the sun, the moon, and the seasons ; persevering in the pursuit of an idea, a vendetta or a claim ot hospitality- He showed persistence and perseverance along the age-old lines of self-interest and ambition" The student may well ask whether it was not the removal of, or the substitution of, new for these primitive objectives that appeared to render Maori efforts spasmodic and ill-sustained ; and whether under the stress of economic necessity or with the lure of gam, which is almost fundamental in Western culture, the Maori will not recover the determination of his ancestors. Of the modern business element in a land-development scheme little need be said here. It is proposed to enlarge upon it in the consideration of the schemes that have been undertaken. It is sufficient to say that finance, the co-osdination of buying and selling, the specifications of seeds, manure, and building-materials, and the decision as to proper equipment and machinery are considerations Ot a modern kind, in which insufficient knowledge or experience may be expected. These may be supplied by pakeha supervisors or experts if the Maori community does not possess them. Mental Communication. TM* brings us to the final consideration preliminary to a discussion of the efforts now being made to assist the Maori to exploit his land resources the adequate communication between the Pakeha and the Maori mind, so that a complete understanding may be established. Maori public men have all experienced difficulty in communicating ideas and systems that are the stock-in-trade of one tribe or district to their countrymen and relatives of another tribe or district, using the Maori language as a medium and figures, expressions, and illustrations in the common language and experience to clarify the propaganda. It is not uncommon to meet with a complete mental barrier or with interpretations in practice quite different from what was intended. Where language fails, success is laboriously achieved by works, by the actual undertaking on a convincing scale of an experiment, wherein the essential features would publish themselves. If Maori public men, who may be credited with the knack of propagating their thoughts and schemes through channels familiar to their people, are liable to be misunderstood or misinterpreted, how much more difficult is the position for the pakeha instructor or organizer, who, besides his lack of the proper medium, has other standards or is insensibly influenced by other considerations ? The Basis of Experience. For our purpose this may be considered under three heads, as follows :— (a) Experience in the operations relating to development of land. The manhood of the Maori tribes has had as extensive an experience as any people which settled in New Zealand in all operations relating to the development of land, whether in providing access by road or rail; or in draining ; or in clearing forest, scrub, gorse, blackberry, or other surface impedimenta ;

XII

G.—lo.

or in preparing and assembling fencing or building material; or in erecting fences and buildings or sowing pasture. The labour of able-bodied Maoris has been freely used in many districts in these activities, and there is abundant evidence to prove that it has been satisfactory and reasonable. Without it much of the pioneering in land-settlement would have been more expensive than it has been. The Maori has worked well and cheerfully. While this experience has been mainly confined to clearing forest and scrub with the axe or slashhook, Maori labour also has been used in the surface treatment of open fern, tussock, and scrub lands, where a knowledge of machinery and implements has been required. The race, as indicated in earlier paragraphs, was not wanting in mechanical genius, which has been applied in successive periods with obvious success to handling the steam engine and the internal-combustion engine in their various applications, agricultural implements of all kinds, and machinery used in the wool-sheds and dairies. The Maori is found equally at home in charge of the bullock-wagon, of horse-teams, of traction-engines, of motor-vehicles of all kinds. In all this experience the Maori was more or less under pakeha supervision, working for the Pakeha, whose brains organized the development operations and whose financial resources made them possible. (b) Experience in the after farming of developed land. The European farmer, having cleared, grassed, fenced, and subdivided his land, entered into the stage where production and farm maintenance called for qualities of another kind—vigilance, care, provision for the future, perseverance under varying conditions, bath climatic and financial, business capacity in the management of the farm and in marketing stock and farm-produce. The experience of the Maori in this the most important and critical part of land-settlement is limited. In the first place the European farmer has used him as musterer, drover, fencer, and shearer ; to clear the land of secondary growth and weeds; under supervision, to look after the stock and to assist in dipping, crutching, marking and branding, and other operations relating to the care of the stock ; to harvest; and to carry out transport of goods and produce. He was shown the proper things to do and the proper time for doing them, and the reasons for the various operations. In the second place, where he has undertaken farming on his own account he has not shown in a measure to satisfy European observers the care, persistence, and prevision which are considered essential to success in farming. In sheep-farming, where the harvest of wool, fat stock, and surplus stock comes in one short period of the year, he has not the incentive of a quick return, and reveals impatience in his method of finance between whiles, and a slackness in maintaining fences, gates, buildings, implements, and the general efficiency of the farm. In this respect he may not be singular; but it is true that his average efficiency is lower than that of the European farmer. It is here that good supervision by tactful men, who understand the temperament of the people, can render the best assistance. It has been noted by keen observers that dairying is more congenial to the Maori temperament than sheep-raising, and that the incentive is the quick return in the monthly cheque for butterfat. This factor offsets to a great extent the severe discipline and monotonous toil of the dairy-farm, although the past history of the race should remind us of the great patience its craftsmen and cultivators showed in all their work. (c) Experience in the control and direction of human factors. The Maori people owes a vast deal to pakeha administrators, educationists, philanthropists, and missionaries for the undoubted progress that has been made towards assimilation of Western culture. This is now a commonplace in the history of New Zealand. The introduction of a new and highly advanced culture, based on the precepts of Christianity, to a temperate and fertile country, inhabited by a native people who appealed to and gained the admiration and regard of the immigrants, demanded that the latter should take up some of the shock of the impact of their civilization on the primitive society they found in possession. It would have been strange if after more than a century of deliberate teaching and training as well as of actual contact in the process of settlement some response was not made by the Maori people. Dr. P. H. Buck (Te Eangihiroa), in reviewing the factors on which he was prepared to favour the chances of success for the Native land development schemes under review, wrote thus :— " I think New Zealand has been unique in the very powerful assistance she received from within. This assistance New Zealand has recognized publicly to some extent, but Ido not think that she or the world at large realizes what the Maori himself has done to render the assimilation of introduced culture forms possible. The resistance and struggles in which we were ever ready to engage have acted as the reagent which precipitated the incompatibles and separated the solutions which could be absorbed. The struggle to retain the elements of our own culture that could be retained, whilst at the same time assisting in the search for the assimilable elements, created that patriotic spirit towards our own people and the State that various Governments have availed themselves of at a very cheap rate." Dr. Buck refers here to the admirable work done in the past by wise chiefs and leaders, who realized early in the history of the penetration by Western culture that the Maori people must adjust itself thereto or be swamped ; by men and women of the race who either in the schools or in the working world beyond learnt to attune their minds to the ideas and demands of modern industry and society ; and, lastly, by such men as Dr. Buck himself, who have viewed the problem of cultural adjustment from a scientific angle and boldly assert that the Maori can now select what is suitable in the culture of the Pakeha and retain that which shows a tendency to persist in his own culture. The Maori world to-day is rich in men and women who by virtue of education, business experience, social position, and a sense of patriotism are deliberately setting about the problem of fitting their

XIII

G.—lo.

people into the present-day conditions of New Zealand. They have in the tribal organization already referred to an instrument for publicity and the promulgation of schemes and ideas. The occasions f#r its use are the gatherings, hui, tangi, and feasts, so often deprecated by well-meaning friends and advisers of the Maori, who see in them nothing but extravagance, waste of valuable time, danger to health, and the perpetuation of undesirable customs. The average European has not realized that the promulgation of the ideas he has so persistently sought to impose on the Maori people was not possible without recourse to the old-time method of discussion on the marae (the village courtyard) or in the runanga or meeting-house. Apropos of this, Dr. Buck writes : — " When I look back and think of the things that we have discussed on the various marae throughout New Zealand I can say that the Maori people have been served by its leaders in a wonderful way. And the leaders can look to the work of years in the field comprised by the marae and the meetmg-house for the experience they need in propagating the schemes for the development and settlement of land. Whether it is a Prince of Wales Cup match, a tennis tournament, the ceremonial opening of a carved meeting-house, the unveiling of a memorial to a distinguished member of the race, or the tangi and minor gatherings, the tribes or representatives of them have been brought together and the meetings have led to the constant promulgation of the latest opinions." One more quotation from Dr. Buck may be given to emphasize the value of the method adopted in impressing cultural adjustment on the Maori mind through the marae and runanga house, using the tribal organization. Thus Dr. Buck: — " Our cousins the HaWaiians are being rapidly absorbed, if not already, into the Nirvana of American citizenship. Our remote kinsmen, the Samoans, are in the rut of customs so deep that able-bodied men sit round providing coconut sennit and parcelling out governing positions among themselves over a mandated country. Between the two there should be a balance that moulds together the assimilable good of each culture. It seems to me, gazing round the Pacific from the metaphorical top of Maunaloa, that the Maori race are the only branch that are struggling to maintain their individuality as a race and moulding European culture to suit their requirements. The tangi, the hui, and Parliament have kept us together, and by providing exchange of ideas amongst the tribal leaders have stimulated tribal ambitions, which added together form an ideal for the people as a whole. Some day pakeha thinkers may realize how much diplomacy was used by the Maoris amongst themselves and towards the white man in order that development of the country would ensue. The marae and the meeting-house that formed the arena of many a stage in the upward and forward progress of Maori public opinion, how are we to express them in terms that carry value to the pakeha mind ? Scientists and skilled writers may use Maori facts to record what progress the Maori has made. They may get the facts cold and value them at some economic standard, but the mental sweat, the patient arguing and psychological stress cannot be put into the picture. Yet it is just that which cannot be measured by an orthodox system of valuation which forms the greatest contribution that men like Carroll, Pomare, and others gave to the people and the country." Referring to the tribal system, of which so much has been said in this statement, Dr. Buck says : — " Our experience with our own people has been that we have had to study the idiosyncracies of individual tribes and avoid the assumption that they all think alike because they are Maori. The advantage that knowledge of one branch confers is that of giving the possessor a quick insight through allied dialect and custom and thought to an appreciation of the manners and customs of a kindred people. The tribal independence has always been present. Though coming from approximately the same area, it is probable that the canoes came from different islands. It may be that our canoes brought little differences with them from their home islands. These they maintained in the new land. I have always felt, since my Polynesian wanderings, that New Zealand was composed of a number of islands in spirit though connected by land. The area was too large for one man to subdue and create one absolute autocracy, such as happened in some of the Polynesian groups. - Besides, we bred too warlike a spirit for one canoe area to submit to another for long. What was impossible by means of war is now rendered possible by peace. Before a spiritual unity and a race consciousness could be evolved, each canoe area had to settle its own problems. The tribal spirit has been such that they were not too ready to accept outside assistance or advice. The ancient suspicion aggravated by the disasters of the transitional period " [referring to the Maori wars and confiscations] " had to be cleared away before race consciousness could take birth. The East Coast effort, which commenced as a purely local tribal attempt, is bound to stir the manhood of other tribes to thought and effort, lest they be shamed. Emulation must be inspired. The tribal spirit and canoe rivalry should blaze up, and out of this will emerge a race consciousness. I can hear the chiefs of old crying across the marae, ' Kia rangona to ingoa ! '■—' Let your name be heard.' " Dr. Buck has been quoted extensively in order to sum up the human factors in the Maori tribes which must still be dealt with tribally and in the ancient method of discussion on the village courtyard and in the meeting-house by men and women who, now inspired in various ways to their mission, have the social and mental approach and gifts developed by constant use. His qualifications are too well known to be referred to here; but one that should appeal to his Maori friends and relatives is that by going away from his homeland he has placed himself as on some far-off peak, where he may get a perspective of the whole picture of Maori life and effort. Our review of the various factors that come into play to-day in relation to the movement for the development and farming of land by the Maoris may now be brought to an end. We have regarded

XIV

G.—10.

the subject in the main as an important feature in the larger problem of the cultural adjustment between Western and Maori culture. It is a simple conclusion to say that success may come from a judicious selection and combination of elements of the two, once it is understood and conceded that much of the old regime still lingers and still influences the Maori in his everyday life, and that the approach to his mind is still largely by the old-time paths. The exponents of the new culture, whether European teachers and supervisors or educated men of the race, may demonstrate the superiority of new methods and teach their technique, but they cannot succeed unless they inspire some leader of the people to translate the new concepts into deeds that owe their eloquence and significance to the fact that they are performed with understanding by the Maoris for themselves. The Development Schemes. The schedules attached to this statement show that at the 31st August, 1931, there were fortyone schemes in operation or authorized. Work had been commenced on all but two. Investigations in connection with Tauranga and Te Kaha were still under way, but it was expected that a beginning would be made during the financial year. The Selection of Areas. Ultimately the decision to apply the development provisions of the appropriate legislation to any area or areas of land owned or occupied by Maoris rests with the Native Minister. In all but six of the thirty-nine development areas in which the schemes are operative the Minister made personal inspection with officers and supervisors, and explained the policy to the Maori communities concerned. The definition of the scope of any scheme was determined in detail by officers who were required to take every possible factor into consideration, and, above all, the psychological, social and tribal elements discussed above. If leadership was lacking, or if the tribe or subtribe concerned showed in its history and traditions undesirable characteristics, then, though other conditions might be favourable, the undertaking was delayed or refused. In some districts and among some of the tribes there was evident hostility to the policy, a suspicion that there was some sinister motive behind it, or a pessimistic view of the capacity of a particular tribe to develop and farm land successfully The human element has been regarded as the principal factor the decisive one— f after taking into consideration the quality of the land, accessibility, suitability for subdivision and other settlement conditions. ' ' It should be stated that of the unused and undeveloped lands of the Dominion there is a larger proportion in Maori ownership than in that of the Crown. This may be expected at this stage in the development of New Zealand; the Crown purchased freely from the Native owners in the past and opened for settlement all areas economically suitable. The Native owners have retained valuable lands which are in a more or less undeveloped state. The Native-land-development policy therefore finds a greater extent of country available for its prosecution. The demand from Maori communities for assistance through the development policy, hesitating in the first year, has increased greatly in the current year, due in part to the practical results already made manifest, but in a greater degree to the pressure of the times. It has not been possible to keep pace with it, not only for financial reasons, but because it was not considered desirable that the system should expand too quickly. Classification oe Schemes. The schemes may be classified according to— (1) Their geographical distribution. As the organization of the Maori Land Boards is used in all cases but one for local administration and general supervision, the various schemes fall into the existing Maori land districts. The summary given at the end of the attached schedules may for convenience be referred to here :—

Schemes and Summary of Areas.

XV

Name of District. loheme 8 ? f | Area in Schemes. ' Estimated Area cultivable. m , A - R - P- A. B. P. ™™\, 5 437,635 117-7 150,000 0 0* Waikato-Mamapoto .. .. 9 22,044 2 23-6 18 500 0 0 J &mn \\. 15 90,200 112-1 0 0 Tairawniti 5 29,003 1 1-9 25,700 0 0 £ otea 2 7,716 2 34 6,500 0 0 « r °\\- , 2 1,674 2 36-5 1,600 0 0 bontn Island .. .. .. 3 2 12 3,000 0 0 Grand totals .. .. 41 591,524 2 17-8 248,200 0 0 * This is a guess and may be very wide of the mark.

G.—lo.

The largest number of schemes is in the Waiariki Maori Land District, which comprises the Rotorua and Bay of Plenty districts, the Urewera country, and the stretch of coastal lands between Opotiki and Cape Runaway. Seven separate tribes are affected. No district in New Zealand is as favourably situated as this for establishing compact development units, and no Maori communities have entered more thoroughly into the spirit of the development policy than the tribes which inhabit it. (2) The method of organization. The first conception of a land-development scheme is that of a compact, connected area, comprising, it may be, a number of title subdivisions, but so situated as to present a block capable of being'treated as an economic unit and of being subjected to a carefully conceived settlement plan. For such a scheme budgets of expenditure can be fairly closely estimated and development proceed on a face according to an easily understood plan. The majority of the schemes in operation fall "within this class, the key schemes being Waipipi, near Waiuku, and Horohoro, near Rotorua. During an extended survey of the Tokerau or North Auckland District in April-May, 1930, the Minister was impressed with the scattered nature of the Maori holdings, due chiefly to alienations that have taken place over the past century and to the fact that the reservations retained cluster round village-sites and sources of natural food supplies, most of the intervening land having been sold or leased. It was clear that the idea of connected economic development areas could not be applied to the northern territory. It was decided to adopt the existing organization of the schemes for the consolidation of Native-land titles, which are practically on a tribal basis, and to divide the north into four administrative groups—Kaipara, Hokianga, Bay of Islands, and Mangonui—the corresponding tribal units being Ngati-Whatua, Ngapuhi, Te Rarawa, Ngati-Kahu, and Te Aupouri. Within a group the duty was laid on the Consolidation Officer and Farm Supervisor to report upon and to recommend applications for assistance. In the meantime all Native-owned areas were gazetted in order to establish the basis for authorization of expenditure from development funds, the local officers recommending from time to time the units for assistance. This system is known officially as the North Auckland system, and is being applied to other districts where the scattered nature of the Native holdings is the chief characteristic. The following schemes fall within this class : —• Kaipara. Onewhero. Waiapu-Matakaoa. Hokianga. Tauranga. Tuparoa. Bay of Islands. Whakatohea. Heretaunga. Mangonui. Te Kaha. Manawatu. They call for much greater co-ordination between the Consolidation Officers and the Farm Supervisors, and for closer* and more constant supervision. The overhead expenses are necessarily higher than in schemes of the Horohoro type, but the demands on the development funds for labour-costs are lower and the number of units assisted greater than in schemes of the Horohoro type. (3) The source of financial provision. One scheme—Tokaanu—is financed by the Native Trustee ; four schemes—Waipipi, Kaihau, Te Kuiti Base Farm, and Taheke —are financed by the Maori Land Boards in whose districts they are situated ; and the rest by the Native Department from loan funds made available through the Native Land Settlement Account. This also indicates the nature of the controlling authority, although in the case of the schemes financed by the Native Department the powers of the Minister have been officially delegated to the various Maori Land Boards, except the Board of the Tokerau District. Tokaanu is administered by the Native Trustee under the provisions of section 25 of the Native Trustee Act, 1930 ; Wai-pipi and Kaihau are administered by the Waikato-Maniapoto Board under section 3 of the Native Land, &c, Act, 1928 ; and the rest are operated under section 23 of the Native Land, &c, Act, 1929. (4) The nature of the development work undertaken. This depends, in the first place, on the nature and quality of the land. The aim is to put it to the use most suitable to the nature of the country ; preference is given to areas which lend themselves to subdivision into small holdings. Six out of the forty-one schemes are predominantly pastoral. In those cases the land is of excellent quality, but not suitable for dairying. Eighteen of the areas when first brought under development were totally unimproved and unoccupied, consisting of waste pumice lands, forest, and scrub. One was a small reserve of totara and mata ; , which is being used as the base of supply of posts for schemes in the Rotorua area. <KOn the rest of the schemes the Maori communities interested were already in occupation and carrying on farming in a haphazard manner with such assistance as they could obtain from storekeepers, dairy companies, or stock and station agents. The problem here was twofold. In the first place, the titles had to be put in order, this being the function of the Consolidation Officers. This was necessary to regularize occupation and' clear the way for apportioning development costs to individual sections of land. Then the partially developed land had to be taken in hand, the standard of cultivation gradually raised, and the farms made efficient In many cases the Maori farmers had incurred liabilities in various directions. It was necessary to investigate these and to consider whether it was advisable to assist the applicants by taking over such liabilities as well as engaging to carry out further development on their behalf. The Ruatoki scheme is an example of land which was partially improved and farmed before it was placed under the development policy. At the time it was decided to so place it the Natives of Ruatoki, who are of the Urewera Tribe, had been cultivating the extensive flat lands

XVI

a.—lo.

on either bank of the Whakatane River and, besides growing maize and the usual vegetable crops, were supplying milk to the cheese-factory which was close to the settlement. It was said that they were responsible for one-third of the output of the factory in that season. The pastures were, on the whole, of poor quality, the fences were constructed of indifferent materials, willows serving as posts; there were undrained marshes; the milking-sheds and equipment were correspondingly in need of improvement; and the herds, as shown by herd-testing since the development policy was applied, were of very low yield. The position to-day, making all due allowance for the setback to all farming caused by the low price-level for primary produce, marks a vast improvement. The Consolidation Officers have completed the adjustment of titles, so that farm operations are conducted with a knowledge of the ownership and of boundaries. Top-dressing has been carried out extensively ; the whole of the fencing is being reorganized with permanent materials ; indifferent pastures have been ploughed up and resown with approved mixtures of good seed ; increased provision is being made for winter feed ; herd-testing and culling have been commenced, and new dairy stock (500 head) purchased from good herds in Waikato has been introduced. It is reported that the proportion of the Native output from the Ruatoki factory has increased from one-third to nearly one-half. New land is being brought in, but, as this aspect relates to breaking in undeveloped land, no further mention need be made here. (5) The variations in the type of land. Operating, as the Native development schemes are literally from the North Cape to the Bluff, it is easy to appreciate the great variation in soils, occasioning a corresponding variation in development practice and soil-treatment. The papa soils of the Poverty Bay east coast, a district free of the blackberry and ragwort pests, are best suited for surface sowing on bush burns. Pastures are easily established in favourable weather conditions, and the land requires only judicious stocking with sheep and cattle to consolidate it and to enable it to commence production. The forest areas north of and in the King-country need more careful handling, and in some cases a light application of fertilizers. Those of Southland, at Oolac Bay and Kawhakaputaputa, demand still more expert management by men familiar with the farm practice of that district. The open fern and scrub areas vary from the gum lands and scoria of the north to the pumice lands of the lower King-country, Taupo, and Rotorua districts. On these the Maori settlement colonies have been introduced to large-scale development with the most modern tractor or horse-drawn implements. Reclaiming tidal flats, draining small marshes, grubbing gorse- or blackberry-ridden areas, and stumping old clearings ready for the plough are experiences met with over the two Islands by the far-flung development units. General Organization. Adjustments were made in the Head Office of the Native Department for the official direction of the organization and for the control of finance. Mr.. G. P. Shepherd, Chief Clerk, was appointed Director of Native Land Development, and Mr. Lawless, the accountant, took charge of the special development scheme accounts. The work has entailed a severe strain on the office staff, which is difficult to relieve in this period of economy in the Public Service. Apart from the Tokaanu Scheme, which is administered by the Native Trustee, the local administration is conducted through the seven Maori Land Boards. These bodies had already acquired experience in making advances to Maori farmers and in passing judgment on facts relative thereto. They had custody of the titles, had local knowledge of the lands and people, and possessed staffs, both European and Maori, which with some adjustments could be made to serve the development policy. In the field there was already an efficient staff of consolidation officers, whose assistance in regard not only to the title basis on which it was proposed to establish the future farmers, but also in regard to the selection of personnel, would prove invaluable. There remained one important factor to be supplied—namely, a body of supervisors which would organize the various schemes and lay out and watch over the development and farming operations. Much depended on the capacity of a supervisor to adapt himself to the policy of developing land with would-be Maori settlers in a manner and by methods calculated to inspire confidence and draw out the best in them. The technique of land-development with units of Maori tribes for occupation and farming on modern lines by those units has produced a special organization in which the field officers, consolidation officers, and farm supervisors have been brought into ready communication with the Head Office. The facts and recommendations are assembled with despatch, and decisions are made with due regard to field conditions. Formulae and regulations are adapted as far as possible to the facts, while the enthusiasm of field officers and settlement workers is restrained by the limits of finance and by considerations governing the general policy of development schemes. Supervision. At the very inception of the schemes the importance of supervision was recognized and insisted upon. Its nature and ultimate form could not be clearly visualized at the time, but the circumstance that State-loan funds were to be used seemed to demand that it should be European in order to inspire confidence in official quarters. The appointment of a competent supervisor to manage the development operations on a scheme or a group of schemes was regarded as a condition precedent to the actual undertaking thereof. The commencement of many of the schemes was delayed, while some had to be postponed indefinitely because satisfactory arrangements could not be made in this important respect. Tt was necessary to consider the fitness of a man to manage a Maori community, but no candidate for appointment could satisfy any one of this prime qualification except by displaying it under service

iii—G. 10.

XVII

G.—lo.

conditions. There the matter was bound to develop into a capacity for tuning-in to the mentality of the Maori prospective settlers. The European supervisor was called upon to adjust himself to psychological conditions as well as to the business elements in a land-settlement proposition. It became apparent as the schemes.progressed that some element would have to be associated with European supervision which would deal with the psychology of the Maori workers and settlers. Ihis would be supplied either by a Maori foreman or leader on each scheme or a group of schemes or by some officer of the consolidation staff who would go between the supervisor and the men engaged on development work What was required was a mediator between two cultures to interpret each one to the other The experiment is being tried on several schemes of selecting from the Maori settlers leaders who will interpret to the rest the requirements of the farm supervisors and who will assist the latter to appreciate their reactions to his methods and tactics. Here and there the occasion has revealed outstanding personalities, such as Te Puea Herangi. She combined hereditary rank (as a grand-daughter of Potatau te Wherowhero, the first Maori " King "), a gift for leadership, which, before she founded the farm colony at Waiuku, had resulted in the creation of the Maori village at Wgaruawahia, and a business acumen developed during the many years in which she strove to eke out the slender resources of her people. Her example inspired the policy of organizing each body of prospective settlers as a farm colony under a leader, a course that experience has fully justified. Where unorganized elements have been brought together in deference to the claims of owners for the right to select workers and occupiers, the development work has not been carried out in a spirit of co-operation. * r Costs of Development. At the 31st August, 1931, the expenditure on the development schemes shown in the schedules hereto was as follows :— Native Trustee's fund— ? Tokaanu .. .. .. • g g Qg Maori Land Boards' funds— £ ' • 5,242 Ivainau .. .. , o orvi Te Kuiti Base Farm .. .. ~ " "' 9'449 Taneke '.' .'.' 12J30 30 122 Native Land Settlement Account— Sundry schemes 132151 -Bulk stock purchases .. .. 2' 881 Bulk seed purchases .. .. .. .. _ 1 '595 Bulk posts purchases ... .. ~ . 1339 ' 138,066 £174,697 So far as expenditure from the Native Land Settlement Account as shown above is concerned, it comprises only' the total amount of vouchers passed to Treasury up to the 31st August, but not the whole of the expenditure actually incurred to that date. Thus the expenditure on the Tuparoa Scheme (£13?7) n aS eaS C ° StS had been inourred for fencing-material (£1,700), and scrub-cutting Analysis. . scheJul^- 0 *" 18 1S a SUmlnary ° f the anaI 7 s e s of expenditure given in detail in the appended £ Purchase of freehold and leasehold interests in lands .. .. 26 639 Buildings and accommodation .. .. .. 6 830 Camp accommodation .. ... .. \\ 1180 Bush-falling, scrub-eutting, ploughing, &c, cultivation,' and reading 'J. 7'871 ™ ages 14,279 Surveys .. .. ~ .. _ ' 52g Accident insurance .. .. 201 Motor spirit and oils .. .. .. [ 2 855 Farm and dairy implements, motor-vehicles, tools, and equipment '.'. 11' 796 Grass-seed, other seed, and fertilizers .. .. 27 373 Fencing'-material, fencing .. .. .. . 17 876 Purchase of dairy-cattle, other cattle, sheep, horses, and ma S " " 41 '373 Discharge of liabilities .. .. ~ 2 494 Rent, rates, interest, shares in dairy company, herd-testing, depreciation '. . 1' 139 . Board mortgage .. .. .. ō's2o Sundries • •• .'." .'.' .'.' 6,'743 £174,697 The three items-wages, £14 279 ; motor spirit and oils, £2,855 ; and sundries, £6,743-should be regarded as suspense items which have not been dissected into the appropriate classes of development

XVIII

G.—lo.

Purchase of Lands. The item " Purchase of freehold and leasehold interests in lands " accounts for £26,639, of which £8,157 was expended from Maori Land Board funds. The Waikato-Maniapoto Board took over Somerville's farm near Te Kuiti under its mortgage at £7,920. The farm has been converted into a base farm for the grazing and supply of stock to development schemes in the King-country. Purchases paid for out of Native Development Account are as follows :— £ Motatau Base Farm (leasehold), Bay of Islands 3,713 A base farm for the North Auckland district. Waipapa Bush (freehold), at Oruanui, Taupo .. 2,500 A base for the supply of fencing-timber for the Rotorua district. Mourea (leasehold and freehold) .. .. 3,300 A base farm for the Rotorua district. Ngatiawa (freehold) .. .. .. 6,976 To enlarge the Native holdings and establish an economic unit near Whakatane. Opape Base Farm (leasehold) .. .. 1,993 A base farm for the Opotiki district. £18,482 Half of this amount represents the reacquisition of Native leaseholds. Base Farms. The policy of establishing farms on which young stock may be bred or held pending distribution to development units was decided upon last year as a necessary part of the organization of the schemes. This has enabled the Department to acquire good stock, particularly dairy heifer weaners, at a low price. It is now proposed to establish dairy herds of good quality on three of the base farms, on which stock of high butterfat-production may be bred and from which such stock may be distributed to selected Maori dairy-farmers in the respective localities. Maori youths showing promise will be trained on these farms so that they may take up sections on some of the development schemes. The Waipapa Bush of 91 acres is situated near Oruanui, Taupo. At the time of purchase it was estimated that 120,000 totara posts and 250,000 matai posts could be obtained from the section, a quantity more than sufficient for the needs of all State development schemes in the Rotorua district. A party of Maoris from the Horohoro Development Scheme has been splitting totara posts and strainers in this bush since April last. The policy of controlling the supply of necessary fencingmaterial from forest to fencing-line has already resulted in reducing the delivered cost to all local schemes by nearly one-third, and this after allowing a royalty of £2 a hundred posts and for transport. Implements. Up to the end of August last farm and dairy implements, motor-vehicles, including tractors, tractor-implements, other implements, tools, and equipment had cost £11,796. Tractors and accompanying implements were required and have been used on all schemes where the extent of arable land justified .their employment. On areas throughout the pumice belt they have been considered indispensable to large-scale development, where the object was to establish as quickly as possible a sufficient number of farm units. The policy is that as soon as development reaches a stage where it is desirable to subdivide an area into small farms for individual occupation, the heavy machines and implements are transferred to other schemes controlled by the Maori Land Boards or by the. Native Department. The cost is then apportioned between the schemes concerned. Thus the tractor and implements, with which nearly 600 acres of land were broken into pasture on the Waipipi and Kaihau Schemes within twenty months of the commencement of operations, have been transferred to the Onewhero Scheme. On adjustment of the cost of the machine and implements, one-fifth was charged to the completed schemes, while four-fifths were debited to the new scheme. If at the end of their work on the Onewhero Scheme the implements are still serviceable and available for use on other lands, a further adjustment of the cost will be made. Men have been found on every scheme capable of handling modern machinery and agricultural implements in all development operations, thus evidencing the mechanical ability of the Maori. The best results were obtained by the tractor-driver on Waipipi and Kaihau. With a caterpillar tractor and implements he ploughed, disked, harrowed, and sowed nearly 600 acres of land, some of which was sloping, broken,.and pitted ground. Although the tractor was in constant use for nearly twenty months, yet the cost of repairs was less than £7. On the other hand the cost of repairs to the tractors employed on Horohoro, near Rotorua, exceeded the price of a new caterpillar tractor. Fencing-material. With the exception of those in the Tairawhiti Maori Land District, the Native development schemes are well served in the matter of posts, strainers, and battens. Every effort is made to exploit the advantage of conveniently situated timber-supplies, and of the voluntary labour of Maori settlers, who are only too anxious to earn the assistance of the Department in regard to wire, grass-seed, and fertilizers, items that are beyond their financial resources. Reference has already been made to the policy adopted in the purchase of Waipapa Bush for the supply of fencing-timber direct from the forest to fencing-lines, thereby saving unnecessary costs of handling and middlemen's profits.

XIX

G.—lo.

Stock, Grass-seed, and Fertilizers. The summary of expenditure given above shows that £68,746 was spent on these items. In the early stages of the various development schemes it was left to the local Boards and farm supervisors to arrange for the purchase of the main requirements in general conformity with the regulations of the Stores Control Board. It was very difficult to effect a proper co-ordination in regard to purchases or to formulate details of requirements in anticipation of the development work proceeding on the various schemes. The latter were springing up at different times in different localities ; they were dissimilar in many respects ; farm practice varied from district to district or according to the ideas of individual supervisors. An examination of the vouchers for seed and fertilizers revealed a great discrepancy in the prices paid for seeds of the same kind and quality. The variation in the costs of manures was quite noticeable. In regard to dairy stock it was quite apparent that better organization could have saved a considerable amount of money. It was therefore decided to adopt a system of bulk purchase in regard to the main requirements of all development schemes. The Boards and supervisors were instructed to submit estimates in detail based on field inspections of all operations in progress, and arranged in relation to seasonal conditions. The local budgets would provide detailed progress reports regarding the development work and enable the Head Office to frame reliable financial estimates. With details organized in this manner the Head Office was placed in a position to make comprehensive arrangements with seedgrowers as well as merchants or fertilizer companies. Acting through the local Maori Land Board, rye-grass seed was purchased last summer direct from growers in Poverty Bay. Pastures were first examined for quality and the presence of noxious weeds. Practically all the seed bought could have qualified for certification. It is estimated that the saving on the purchase-price of this seed was equal to the salaries for a year of two farm supervisors. In regard to dairy stock it was found to be a distinct advantage to know months in advance what to buy for each district. In the North Auckland district nearly two thousand heifers were f< budgeted for, at an estimated delivered cost of Judicious buying by the supervisors, assisted by the financial depression, resulted in an average saving of £2 a head, or nearly £4,000,' which enabled the Minister, with a subsidy from the Unemployment Board, to provide development contracts for over four hundred unemployed Maoris in the North. Wages and Labour Costs. If there is a feature of this statement worthy of emphasis it is that which relates to the stress, which has compelled the Maori communities to look to farming for their maintenance. They have been called upon to respond to the lead which Parliament gave in the legislation of 1928 to 1930, and to place their resources at the disposal of the development policy. Chief amongst these are the tribal lands and the tribal man-power. The lands are practically unencumbered, of good quality, and are suitable for subdivision into small holdings. With the guarantee of eventual legal occupation of individualized holdings and of reasonable financial assistance the man-power was confidently expected to respond to the appeal that in the development stage it should exert itself at a bare sustenance rate. This was demanded in the circumstances in order that a sufficient margin between the cost of development and the value of the developed land might be created to cover the deficiencies that it was anticipated would arise in the critical stage of the Native-land settlement schemenamely, the farming stage. The response of the man-power has been magnificent. In the North Auckland district, although over 400 units have been assisted and the expenditure to the end of August last has reached £31,446, no wages have been paid to any Maori settler for work in connection with his holding. On the group of schemes in the neighbourhood of Waiuku, Tuakau, and Onewhero, controlled by Te Puea Herangi, arrangements were made by that remarkable lady to secure the maximum results at a minimum cost. The following extract from a report on the Waipipi scheme may be quoted: " The Waipipi scheme comprises 282 acres of land. Te Puea Herangi, a chieftainess of the Waikato tribe and first cousin to Te Eata Mahuta, was invited by the owners of the Waipipi sections to undertake the development and farming of the same. Though not an owner herself, the invitation from a section of the tribe which acknowledged the paramountcy of the Potatau family to come and occupy and cultivate the land would not have been accounted unusual in pfe-pakeha days.- Te Puea transplanted io Waiuku a community of young men and women, numbering over thirty, to carry out the development work. It was decided to break the land to grass with a caterpillar tractor and tractor implements. Six young men were selected to represent the community on the pay-roll; a wage rate of 6s. a working-day was fixed for each of the six, and this had to suffice for the purchase of food for the community. Fortunately, fish abounded in the streams and the sea close by. The plough brought to the surface a quantity of gum, which the young women gathered and cleaned. The development work commenced on the 20th September, 1929, with scrub-cutting, the filling-in of gum-holes, and the erection of a cottage. Ploughing began on the 16th October, and in thirty-five working-days an area equal to 282 acres was completed, including the necessary ploughing of 135 chains of road frontage. The average area ploughed per day was a little over 8 acres, at a wage cost of 6s. a day. The total sustenance wages earned were £96 ; the gum produced £104 ! It was an illustration of the working-bee or ohu operating under an energetic hereditary chieftainess, who spared neither herself nor her people in the new sphere of productive effort." For our purpose this system may be referred to as the Waiuku system, the chief characteristics of which are the selection of a member or members of a family or group to represent it on the official pay-foil and the application of the sustenance wage to the food account of the group while engaged on the development of its land. The system has been applied to the Onewhero, Kaihau, and Kuatoki (C) schemes. In the case of Euatoki the sustenance rate is ss. a working-day. The North Auckland system obtains to some extent at Ruatoki, Ruatahuna, Whakatohea, and Mohaka, the Maori settlers giving their labour free of cost to the development fund, which assists them by providing implements, materials, seed, manure, and stock.

XX

GL—lO.

Under another system, which may be called the Horohoro system, settlers were selected who would eventually occupy and farm individual sections of developed and improved land. The sustenance wage was fixed in consultation with the men, varying from 7s. to 9s. a working-day. In some cases a higher rate was allowed to foremen, the leaders of the parties ; or a salary if the leader was himself a large owner m the land and undertook some of the duties of a supervisor. This system obtained formerly at Horohoro, but was superseded some months ago by the contract system. It is in operation at Ranana, on the Whanganui River. It was found that under the Horohoro system there grew up a tendency to fritter away time and energy on subsidiary operations. It was decided to adopt a contract system for all development work wherever the details of such work could be reduced to definite terms Thus fencing was subdivided into the preparation of material, splitting posts or battens at so much a hundred, laying material on boundaries at an agreed rate per mile, erecting at so much a chain and so forth. Scrub-cutting, roading, draining could be so arranged, and so also major operations like bushf ailing. , r The contract system is the best for definite operations of any magnitude which are straightforward, and calculated to keep a fair number of men employed for a considerable period. It is then found necessary to employ men, who have no prospect of becoming settlers on the land they are paid to improve. The contract system came into favour at the time that unemployment was becoming* a serious problem in Maori districts. The latter factor assisted materially to reduce the cost of bush falling, scrub-cutting, fencing, and, indeed, all development work, even before the Unemployment Act came into operation, and at least a year before the scheme was formulated and put into operation for assisting Maori unemployed men by subsidizing development contracts. Whichever system has been followed on the development schemes the result has been a very considerable saving in the labour cost. Unemployment Subsidy. Early last autumn it was made clear that unemployment was becoming a serious problem amongst the Maori people. The Unemployment Act, 1930, made it voluntary for Maoris to contribute to the Unemployment Fund, but imposed a general responsibility on employers, including State Departments, to employ contributors only. In the circumstances Maoris who were employed by the Public Works Department or by local bodies.or who were engaged as freezing-works employees or wharf labourers were compelled to become contributors. At the end of April the Unemployment Board had approved 2,289 applications from Maoris to become contributors. After the position was discussed f 7% n J£** Board / n T d the Native Minister, it was decided to place at the disposal of the latter a sum of £10,000 from the Unemployment Fund for the relief of Maori unemployed. It was understood that the grant would be used chiefly in connection with the development of land. The subject is referred to here because of its bearing on the cost of land-development. On the 11th August the Native Minister advised the Chairman of the Unemployment Board that the grant was all committed-overcommitted, in fact, by £322. He gave a summary of the contracts tor which he had authorized subsidies from the Maori unemployment grant. The summary covered private contracts and contracts for work on lands controlled by the Native Trustee or the East Coast Commissioner or Maori Land Boards, which are not comprised in the development schemes scheduled with this statement. The figures supplied to the Unemployment Board have been adjusted to show separately the contracts for development work on the scheduled schemes and the private contracts

Summary of Contracts subsidized from the Maori Unemployment Grant of £10,000 to August, 1931.

Analysis of Work.

XXI

Particulars. Development Private „ . Schemes. Employers. iotai. Estimated cost of contracts .. .. i • £27,160 18s. £5,688 5s. £32,849 3s Amount of subsidy £7,782 £2,540 lis. 2d. £10,322 lis. 2d Number of men employed .. .. 1,045 340 1,385

Particulars. Development Private I _ . . Schemes. Employers. lotaI - r> uir Acres. Acres. Acres. .Bnshfelbng 6)836 854i 7690 , Scrubcuttmg .. ,, i 3)957 6492i » fl Clearing blackberry, gorse, rushes, briers, 1,935 3,410 5 345 stumping, and grubbing ' Ploughing, disking, &c. .. .. ..2,054 440 2 494 Top-dressing .. .. .. .. 450 _ ' 450 r, • • Chains. Chains. Chains. Downing 1,123 .. Ym Road-formation .. .. .. .. ggO 42 ' '402 Fencing— Erecting 4,400 943 5,343 „ ,.,,. Number. Number. Number. Spittag posts 44,800. 500 45,300 Spitting battens 117,000 1,000 118 000 Splitting strainers .. .. .. 310 30 34Q

G.—lo.

The grant from the Unemployment Board has everywhere influenced an acceleration of the development programme, especially the undertaking of operations such as bushfelling, scrubcutting, draining, fencing, and roading, on which unemployed labour could be profitably used, but which under normal circumstances would have been spread over a few years. While due care has been exercised to prevent the factor of unemployment from stampeding the development policy, the benefits immediately accruing from the grant have been fully appreciated. The labour cost of every operation has on the average been reduced by one-fourth. The amount thus saved has been devoted to further development work. It is anticipated that the strain on the development funds will come from the increase in the demand for grass-seed, fertilizer, and fencing-material for the additional areas improved, and that this will affect the financial provision to be made next year. Enough has been said to show that every reasonable attempt is being made to keep the costs of development to the lowest possible limit consistent with efficiency, and that the Maori settler is strongly imbued with the idea of preventing the creation of heavy liabilities against himself and the land he owns or occupies. RESULTS. While it is possible to estimate the amount of new work carried out and ihe area of new land broken in under the development policy, it is not easy to assess the amount of improved or partially improved land that was taken over and made more productive and efficient by the expenditure of development funds. It is proposed to make a close survey of the results before the end of the present financial year and to present a report on the details of each scheme during the next ordinary session of Parliament. Meantime, as all lands on which development funds are expended stand charged with the expenditure, the results may be summarized as follows:—

Summary in Maori Land Districts.

No reliable estimate can be given of the extent of fencing carried out on all schemes during the period under review. Fencing is proceeding all the time, including the splitting of posts, strainers, and battens, the clearing of fencing-lines, and the packing and laying of materials. If the wire supplied to schemes may be taken as a guide, the mileage of fencing completed and in progress cannot be less than two hundred. Nor can the extent of draining be ascertained with any approach to accuracy. The length computed for drainage contracts subsidized from the Maori unemployment grant is 1,123 chains, but this does not take account of drainage works on Waimiha, Horohoro, and Waipipi, or on +he North Auckland schemes, which -were not so subsidized. Internal access roads have been made on Onewhero, Horohoro, Parekarangi, Peka, Mourea, Taheke, Maketu, Ruatoki, and Ranana, the labour cost of 360 chains of which was subsidized from the Maori unemployment grant. While the building programme has been severely restricted, it has been found necessary to build residences for some of the supervisors and foremen, and small cottages for settlers at Waipipi, Kaihau, and Horohoro. Depots for seeds and manures and implement-sheds have been erected at Kaihau, Waimiha, Taheke, Ruatoki, Whakatobea, Torere, and Ranana; also cow-sheds on various sections throughout the North Auckland District, and on Waipipi, Kaihau, Onewhero, Maketu, Ruatoki, Opape Base Farm, Mohaka, and Ranana ; and a woolshed and sheep-yards on Poroporo. It is anticipated that with many of the blocks in pasture and ready for occupation the problem of housing settlers and of providing dairies and station-buildings will have to be faced. Other activities such as clearing land infested with blackberry, gorse, briars, and rushes, stumping and grubbing, providing water-supply, transporting material and supplies of all kinds, distributing fertilizers and top-dressing both old and new pastures, have kept the Maori settlers fully occupied. Under the system of development outlined in this statement, based largely on a policy of self-help, it is not easy to show the cost of each item that has contributed to the total expenditure. FUTURE PROSPECTS. A good deal remains to be done to perfect the organization of the Native-land-development schemes. When the farming stage is reached on a large number of them the accounting system in both the local offices and the Head Office will have to be adapted so as to test out at frequent

XXII

§ if a | «• J s Development Work. 8 J f § £ " | m | | __ i 5 l___J gj j Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Acres. Area grassed or improved 6,550 3,400 12,703 3,418 3,600 960 .. 30,631 with cultivation and fertilizers Area cleared of forest or 4,140 3,689 4,648 10,671 775 1,300 .. 25,223 scrub, ploughed, or prepared ready to sow Grand totals .. 10,690 7,089 17,351 14,089 4,375 2,260 .. 55,854 ' | i

a—lo.

intervals the soundness or weakness of every farm. There will have to be closer co-operation and co-ordination between the supervisors, dairy companies, the Maori Land Boards, and the Department to secure the best results. With close but tactful supervision and guidance there is no reason why the Maori settler should not be as successful in farming the land as he has been in breaking it into pasture. He has helped to create a value greater than the cost of development. His work is not finished, for he has yet to make a home and to continue cultivation and improvement in order establish and maintain a good producing farm. He will have these incentives to buoy him up in the struggle to meet the liabilities that await him—rent, interest, rates, and working expenses—and to withstand the many ills that affect the primary producer. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. In conclusion, I have a two-fold duty to perform. As Native Minister I wish to thank the officers and staffs of the Native Department, of the Native Land Court and Maori Land Boards, and of the Native Trust Office for their loyal support and co-operation. In the field the consolidation officers and farm supervisors have rendered invaluable service, which I am glad to acknowledge. As a Maori, and as one of the Maori representatives in Parliament, Ī may be permitted to tender to the Pakehas of New Zealand and to Parliament the grateful thanks of the Maori people, which has been given this splendid opportunity of attaining and maintaining a worthy place in the life of the countrv.

XXIII

G.-io.

NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES.

I—G. 10.

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and lands included therein. Authority. ,„ f . ., To 31st To 31st Xtf? Items. August, March, , dis , c ■ 1931. 1931. August, " A."—TOKERAU MAOEI LAND DISTRICT. I. MANGONUI. (Plan 1.) Not delegated. Units assisted, 119. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £7 279 af.-srz&g Sectio » 23/1929 - s stook ' •■ hh u J76 I^ namety ™ UtainiDg M a P*> roximate area of 127,500 a™es, 7 ' 3 ' 109 X ' 771 I 338 Ahipara/' Oparihi. I2rt Tm» icwn fencing-material 3,338 1,268 2,070 Ahipara Parish, Sections 67 Orotere at 7 a » %}?3 fertilizers .. 3,462 591 2,871 and 68. Otaha N.Z. Gazette, 26th June, Discharge of liabili- 939 272 667 Ahitahi. Otano-aroa ' ties TeAhua. Otum. ' 16th Sent iqon Series, including 348 141 207 ip=t a a. a& nJSXA.. b « i!d — TeAwapatiki. Paihia 3 31,687 16,305 15,382 Awaroa. Paranglore. Less Sa]es ' " 241 2dl Hoahoaina. Parapara East ~ TeHoanga. Parapara West. 31 ' 446 16 > 064 1S >382 Kaingapipiwai. Peria. =============== Kaingapokeno. Pokaka. rr , ,., ' Kareponia. Pukekahikatoa expenditure figures shown include the Karikari. Pukenui ' ' four scllemes situated in the North AuckKohanga. Pukepotō. land Kohumaru. Pupuke. Te Konoti. Taheke. Mahimahi. Taimaro. Mahmepua. Takou East. Maimaru. Taumatawiwi. Mangakoutoa. Taupo. Mangatawa. Totara. Mangataiore. T e Touwai. Mangaiti. Turiapua. Matakaraka. Waitaha. Matarau. Waiaua. Matauri. Waihapa. Manukau. Waikukupa. Merita. Waimahana. le JNeke. Waimanone. Ngamako. Wainui. Okakewai. Whakakoro. Okahu. Whakapouaka. Okokori. Whatuwiwi. Omaunu. Whiwhero. Section 9, Block VII, Mangonui Survey District. Section 10, Block VII, Mangonui Survey District. Section 1, Block XI, Mangonui Survey District. Section 58, Mangonui East Parish. Section 62, N.E. Mangonui East Parish. Section 4, Whakapaku Parish. Section II, Whakapaku Parish.

G.—lo.

2

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands included therein. Authority. To 31st Tq l8t April Items. August, March, toMrt • ly ""- 1931. "A."—TOKERAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. II. HOKIANGA. (Plan 2.) Not delegated. Units assisted, 120. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £8,058. The various parcels or subdivisions of the undermentioned | Section 23/1929. For expenditure see Mangonui Developblocks which still remain Native land or are owned by ment Scheme above. Natives, saving and excepting those parcels alienated by 28th May, 1930. way of lease to Europeans of which the leases are still N.Z. Gazette, 5th June, subsisting, containing an approximate area of 99,000 acres, 1930. namely : — Te Ahikawariki. Pikiparia. 12th June, 1930. Te Aute. Te Piriti. N.Z. Gazette, 26th June, Hauauru. Poieke. 1930. Hauturu. Te Poro. Herekohu. Potaka. 15th Sept., 1930. Te Horeke. Puataraire. N.Z. Gazette, 25th Sept., Horotiu. Te Puha. 1930 Te Huahua. Te Puia. Huatau. Te Pukahu. Hutoia (O.L.C. 66). Pukehaka. Te Kaahu. Pukehuia. Te Kahikatea. Rangiawhia. Te Karae. Ratakamaru. Te Karaka. Rotokakahi. Te Kauri. Te Ruaki. Kohatutaka. Taikarawa. Kokohuia. Taiwhatiwhati or Waianui. Te Komiti. Tahaawai. Manawakore. Tangatapu. Mangamuka East and West. Tapuwae. Mangapupu. Taraire. Mangawhero. Tautehere. Manuoha. Tauteihiihi. Te Mata. Te Tio. Te Matai. Te Tiringa. Matataiki. Tokatorea. Matihetihe. Tongariro. Matuku. Te Totara. Mauiui. Touwai. Maungaroa. Utakura. Moetangi. Uwhango. Te Mopi. Waihou. Motukaraka Parish, Lot 1 Waihou Lower. (Wharau). Waikare. Motukaraka West. Waima North. Motukaraka East. Waima South. Motukiore. Waimamaku. Motuti. Waiparera. Te Nehu. Wairau North. Ngamahanga. Wairau Wahitapu. Oharotu. Waireia. Ohineturere. Wairere. Onewa. Wairoa. Orongotea. Waiwhatawhata. Otarihau. Whakaaho. Ototope. Whakanekeneke. Otuhianga. Whakarapa. Oturori. Whakarawerua. Oue. ' Whakarongorua. Paengatai. Whakaterewhenua. Paihia 1, 2, and 4. Whakatere. Pakanae. Whakatere-Manaw'akaia. Pakia. Whataipu. Pakianga. Whataipu Burial-ground. Papua. Whawharu. Patipatiarero. Whirinaki. j

G.—lo.

3

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands ... ., , , ', ~ included therein. Authonty. To 31st To 31st t aft Hems. August, March, ?"„,„? 1931. 1931. "gal '' "A."—TOKERAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. III. BAY OF ISLANDS. (Plan 3.) Not delegated. Units assisted, 149. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £10,085. The various parcels or subdivisions of the undermentioned Section 23/1929. For expenditure see Mangonui Development blocks which still remain Native land or are owned by Scheme, above. Natives, saving and excepting those parcels alienated by 28th May, 1930. way of lease to Europeans of which the leases are still N.Z. Gazette, 5th June, subsisting, containing an approximate area of 177,000 acres, 1930. namely :— Te Ahuahu. Ngamokooneone. Rangaunu. „ " une ' 19*0. Aroha. Ngararatunua. Rangihamama. N - z - 26th June, Te Aute. Ngatapapa. Te Ranpo. 193 °- Te Awahe (33 acres Ngateri. Rawhiti. 2 roods). Ngatokaturua. Rehuotane. „ I"™ 1 Se P t -> 30 / Awarua. Ngawhitu. Reiwhatia, N - L - Gazette, 25th Sept., Epurua. gfOakura. Reretiti. 1930. Haowhenua. Ohawini. Te Rewarewa. Hauai. Omanene. Te Riu. Hauhaupounamu. Omanu. Raupekapeka. Herepoho. Omapere. Ruataewao. Horahora. Opouteko. Te Ruatahi. Horena. Oraruwharo. Tahunakuaka. Huria. Oriwa. Tahungaopuoro. Hurupaki. Orokawa. Taiharuru. Kaihiki. Oromahoe. Taikapukapu. Kaikou. Otaika. Takahiwai. Kairaurau. Otamaiti. Takangaomohi. Kaiwhakairi. Otamarua. Tangatapu. Kapowai. Otao. Tangatapu No. 1. Karakahuarua. Otara. Tapapanui. Te Karawa. Oteaka. Taporepore. Te Karetu. «Otetao. Taraire. Kauae-o-maui. Otito. Tapuaetahi. Kaurinui. Otuhi. Taumaharau. Keatekaku. Oue. Taumatamakuku. Ketenikau. Owhata. Taumatamaukuku. Kirikiri-pawhaoa. Te Pae. Taumataroa. Kiripaka. Pahekeheke. Tautaranui. Kohatuatehaua. Pakikaikutu. Tawapuku. Kohatuwhawha. Pakonga. Tawata. Kohekohe. Pakonga No. 2. Te Ti. Kohewhata. Paoneone. Te Ti Mangonui. Koihanga. «Papakauri. Toatoa. Te Kokinga. Paparimurimu. Toetoe. Kopuakawau. Parahaki. Toiroa. Kopuawaiwaha. Parahirahi. Tokakopuru. Kotuku. Parangarahu. Te Tokitoki. Te Maika. «Paremata-Mokau. Tuateanui. Te Mamaku. Paroa. Tuhuna. Mangakahia. Pataua. STutaematai. Mangakowhara. Patoetoe. Te Turuki. Mangareporepo. Patukauae. Waerengatua. Mangataraire. Pehiaweri. Waihaha. Mangatawal. Pimiro. Waikahikatea. Mangawhati. Pipiwai (or Te Waikaramihi. Manukau. Angiangi). Waikare. Maramatautini. Pirikotaha. Waikino. Marino. Te Poike. Waikotihe. Maromaku. Pokangahere. Waimahe. Maruarua. Pokapu. Waimangaro. Maruata. Pokatuawhenua. Waiparaheka. Matapouri. Porotaka. Te Wairahi. Matarau. Poroti. Waitaraiti. Mataraua. Porotu. Waiteuku. Matawaia. Te Pua. Waitomotomo. Maungakaramea. Puhipuhi. Waiwhariki. Maungakawakawa. Pukahakaha. Wawa. Maunganui. Pukekauri. Werowero. Maungapohatu Sth. Pukeokui. Wiroa. Maungaturoto. Pukemiro. Whakapae. Mautakirua. Puketaka. Whakataha. Maunu. Puketaka (40 acres) Whangaroa-Ngaio-Mimitu-Ruarei. Puketapu. tonga. Mohinui. Puketaururu. • WhangaruruMotatau 1. Puketotara. Whakaturia. Motatau 2. Puketutu. Whapukupirau. Motatau 3. Punakitere. Wharengaere. Motatau 4. «Punaruku. Wharepoke. Motatau 5. Pungaere. Whatitiri. Motmrua. Te Pupuha. Whatitiri (A and * Ngaiotonga. Putahoihoi. B). Ngamahanga (at Ramaroa. Taumarere). A. K. P. Puhipuhi 5c No. 12 .. .. .. 282 2 0 18th Aug., 1931. 5o No. 13 (part) .. .. 13 3 30 N.Z. Gazette, 27th Aug., __ 1931. Total .. .. .. 177,296 1 30

G.— iô.

4

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes aud Lauds A ., .. 7, , , included therein. Authority. To 31st To 31st l ,, l 'i" Items. August, March, J°°"J 1931. 1931. Ifii ■ "A."—TOKERAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. IV. KAIPARA. (Plan 4.) Not delegated. Units assisted, 32. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £2,577. a. k. p. Section 23/1929. For expenditure see Mangonui Development Aoroa, Lot 4d .. .. .. 25 1 0-7 Scheme, above. Aotahi A 1 .. .. .. .. 3 0 30 9th June, 1930. „ A 2 .. .. .. .. 20 0 0 N.Z. Gazette. 19th June, „ A 3 .. .. .. ' .. 16 2 25 1930. „ A 4 .. .. .. .. 16 2 25 „ B 1 .. .. .. .. 15 0 2 „ B 2a .. .. .. .. 3 2 6 „ B 2b .. .. .. .. 51 3 20 .. Excluded, 29/7/1930. Arapohue, Parish of, N.W. 10 .. .. 38 1 21-9 M. 10 .. 58 3 25-97 S.E. 11, Section 1 .. 12 2 0 S.E. 11, „ 2 .. 74 2 0 N.W. 103 .. 80 0 0 Hanerau Ib .. .. .. .. 40 2 20 2a .. .. .. .. 62 2 22 3c Ib ...... 5 2 20 Hatoi No. 1 .. .. .. .. 268 0 0 Hukatere B Ib (part) .. .. .. 477 2 13 Hukatere Survey District, Section 1, 118 1 27 Block III Kaihu Ia 1 .. .. .. .. 3 0 7 „ 1a 2a ........ 34 2 38 „ lA 2b .. .. .. .. 17 1 7 1a 2o 3b, Section 1 .... 4 0 26 „ 1a 2c 3b, „ 3 37 1 2 „ 1a 2d, Section 1 .. .. 25 0 0 „ 1.A 2d, „ 2 .. .. 147 3 29 „ 1a 2e, „ 3 .. .. 8 2 29 „ 1a 2b; „ 2 .... .14 1 24 „ 1a 2e, „ 3 .. .. 28 3 25 „ 1a2f.. .. .. .. 50 3 17 Kaitara 2a 1 .. .. .. .. 1,004 0 0 2g 2a 2 .. .. .. 163 2 6 3o2a.. .. .. .. 87 1 30 3o 2b 2 .. .. .. 66 3 24 3d 2a.. .. .. .. 46 3 36 3d 2b.. .. - 51 1 2 Karakanui A No. 2 .. .. .. 24 3 0 B .. .. .. 32 2 0 C .. .. .. 18 2 0 Karamuramu 2 .. .. 84 0 0 Te Komiti 1a 1 .. .. .. 248 2 0 „ Ib 1 .. .. 30 0 0 Ib 2a l .. 80 0 0 „ 1b2b .. .. 626 2 3 2a 1 .. .. .. 326 0 0 2a 2 .. .. .. 122 0 0 2a 3 .. .. .. 740 0 0 Te Kuri, Parish of, Allotment 7 .. 53 1 20-7 Te Kuri Survey District, Section Ib, Block II 15 0 0 „' 2, „ II 20 0 0 „ 4, „ I 116 2 0 Mangaiti A ........ 2 2 35 B .. .. 4 15 Manginahae Ia 2 .. .. .. 62 2 37-8 „ lc 2 ...... 63 3 21 , „2 .. .. 21 0 0 Mareikura D 1 .. .. .. 21 0 29 G2a2a .. .. .. 36 2 2 G 2a 2b (part) .. .. 25 1 17-9 G 2b and G 2c (parts) .. 4 2 0-2 G 2c (part) .. .. 1 3 16 G 2a, Section 3 .. .. 36 2 29 Te Mata .. .. .. .. 22 2 6 Matakohe, Parish of, Section 26 S. .. 37 0 0 „ 27 S.W. .. 40 0 0 „ 27N.E. .. 40 0 0 Matakohe, Parish of, N.E., part Lot 54, 39 1 20 Section 1 Matakohe, Parish of, N.E., part Lot 54, 15 3 0 Section 2 Matakohe, Parish of, N.E., part Lot 54, 15 2 37 Section 3a Matakohe, Parish of, N.E., part Lot 54, 35 0 22-7 Section 3b 1 Matakohe, Parish of, N.E., part Lot 54, 20 0 0 Section 3b 2 Matakohe, Parish of, S.W., part Lot 54, 33 2 34 Section 1 Matakohe, Parish of, S.W., part Lot 54, 6 0 3 Section 2a Matakohe, Parish of, S.W., part Lot 54, 80 2 21 Section 2b

G—lo.

5

-Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands ___ included therein. Authority. , . , .. To 31st ToBlst 1 Items. August, March, *° 31st - __. _. 1981. 1981. A^ t > "A.--TOKEKAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT-co»*»** IV. KAIPARA. (Plan 4)— continued. Matakohe, Parish of, Lot 54a, No. 2b 13 o 13° r , 54a, No. 1 ... 13 0 12 „ Sections 49 and 58 242 0 0 Section 63 S.W. 60 0 0 Lot 257c .. .. 27 2 20 » 257d .. .. 13 3 14 ,. 257e .. .. 13 3 13 „ 257f .. .. 23 2 35 258 .. .. 5i i io 259a .. .. 26 0 0 259b .. .. io o'O Maungaru, Lot 9 (D.P. 7384), (part) .. 125 1 13-1 „ 5a (D.P. 7384), (part) .. 5 2 16 Naumai Village, Sections 8 and 9 .. 12 0 15 Nukuroa 1g .. .. .. .. 527 0 18 2a .. .. .. .. 875 3 30 2b 1 .. .. .. 58 2 10 2b 2 .. .. .. 66 2 10 2b 3 .. .. .. 62 2 0 ,•> 2b4 62 2 10 Ohauroa A 2 .. .. .. 137 j 32 " £ 84 2 0 n >> C •• •• •• •- 169 0 0 Okapakapa2.. .. .. , 51 0 4L Omaru, Parish of, Lots 32w and 33e 60 0 0 Lot 38 .. .. 79 0 0 ,, Lot 27b .. .. .. 17 0 27 Opanake lo South 3.. .. .'.' ]96 j 37 . 2 . . Excluded, 2/7/1930. ., Io „ 4 .. .. .. 97 2 0 lo „ 5 .. .. .. 198 1 10 lc „ 6b .. .. 56 3 13 lc ,, 60 .. .. 87 1 29 lc » 6d .. .. 227 1 12 J° " ' 251 2 0 .. Excluded, 23/8/1930. lo „ 9 101 2 38 }° " *? 199' 0 33 .. Excluded, 13/9/1930. lo „ 11a .. .. 97 1 0 lc „ 11b .. .. 340 1 is 2g1 2 0 0 2g \ ■■ ■■ ■■■ 24 0 20 .. Excluded, 22/7/1930. 2(1 5 • • • ■ .. 23 2 13 2g 6 .. .. .. 24 0 10 " ? G tJi , on,» \ " • • • 23 2 0 .. Excluded, 22/7/1930. „ 1, Block 3046 Ia .. .. 8 1 27 1» » 3046 1b .. .. 5 2 20 L „ 3046 lo (part) .. 2 2 32 1, „ 3046 lo 1 .. .. 16 1 39 1, „ 3046 1c 2a .. .. 0 15 1, „ 3046 lo 2b (part) .. 1 3 17 1, „ 3046 lc 2c (part) .. 8 2 13-6 1, „ 3046 lo 2c (part), (D.P. 3 1 11-4 16433) 2k No. 1 8 0 38 2k 2a .. .. .. 2 0 27 2k 2b .. ... .. 7 2 8 2k 2o 7 0 18 2k 2d 1 2 39 2k 2f 7 2 35 2k 2g 1 2 20 2k2h 3 3 16 2k 2j .. .. .. 11 0 24 2k 2k .. .. .. 4 1 24 2k 2l .. .. .. 4 2 26 2k2 m 18 1 13 „ 2k 2n 2 6 1 39 2k2 ° 1 1 10 2* 2p .. .. .. 15 2 11 2k 2q 1 .. .. .. 5 3 4 2 * 2b ...... 19 1 19 2k 2s 5 3 30 2k 2t ........ 8 3 29 2k 2w .. .. .. 0 1 30 » 2k2z 3 1 14 2k 2v 0 2 30 2k 2e 2 .. .. .. 7 3 26 !b1a .. .. .. 30 0 0 lslB • • • • .. 15 0 32 lo North 1 .. .. .. 35 0 0 lo „ 2 (part), (D.P. 9398) .. 4 3 28

G.—lo.

6

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands , ,, ., included therein. Authority. To 31s( . Tq 31g( . 1st April Items. August, March, f°°"J 1931. 1931. "93" ' "A."-TOKERAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. IV. KAIPARA. (Plan 4)— continued. A. E P. Opanake lo North 2a Reserve .. .. 74 3 26-5.. Excluded, 22/7/1930. lo „ 2b Reserve .. .. 252 2 1 lo „ 3 (part), now 3b .. 184 0 19 .. Excluded, 22/7/1930. lo „ 4b.. .. .. 216 3 16 lo „ 6 .. .. .. 191 3 29 Id .. .. .. .. 24 0 0 In 1a .. .. .. 29 0 24 1e Ib .. .. .. 123 1 27 Opekapeka C 1 ...... 15 0 30 02 .. .. 32 3 10 E 2 .. .. .. 43 2 29 OruawharoAlA .. .. .. 319 10 A 2 .. .. .. 110 2 2 A3 .. .. .. 174 3 36 A 4 .. .. .. 81 1 28 A 5 .... .. 119 2 35 A 6 (part) .. .. 152 3 7 A 7 .. .. .. 184 0 29 A 8b .. .. .. 249 2 4 C .. .. .. 67 1 24 D 1 .. .. .. 48 0 0 D2b .. .. .. 43 0 0 OtairiB 1 .. .. .. .. 120 0 21 ,, B2 .. .. .. .. 108 0 19 Otamatea2 .. .. .. .. 41 1 11 A .. .. .. .. 54 1 0 B 1 .. .. .. 22 2 6 B2 .. .. .. 47 2 10 D 1a .. .. .. 2 0 13 D 1b .. .. .. 2 0 13 I D 2 .. .. .. 5 2 18 D 3 .. .. .. 20 0 16 D 4a .. .. .. 8 0 22 D 4b .. .. .. 76 0 38 D 5 ... . .. .. 16 0 20 „ F 1 ...... 84 0 0 F 2 .. .. .. 56 3 32 G .. .. .. .. 42 0 0 H .. .. .. .. 23 1 24 J .. .. .. .. 10 0 16 „ K2 .. .. .. 28 1 2 Otara 1a 1 .. .. .. .. 115 3 24 „ U2 .. .. .. .. 24 0 16 „ Ib 1 .. .. .. 47 0 32 „ 1b2 .. .. .. .. 13 1 18 „ Ib 3 .. .. .. .. 73 3 30 „ 2a 1 .. .. .. .. 123 0 32 „ 2a 2 .. .. .. 30 3 8 ' „ 3a2a .. .. .. .. 36 3 16 „ 3a 2b .. .. .. .. 65 3 34 „ 3b 1 .. .. .. .. 21 3 14 „ 3b 2 .. .. .. .. 78 2 26 „ 4b 2 .. .. .. .. 53 1 15 Otioro and Te Topuni A 2b .. .. 195 0 36 Otarei 1a .. .. .. 152 0 9 Otutahuna No. 2 ...... 51 0 3 No. 3 .. .. .. 85 3 21 Piritaha 2a (part) .. .. .. 10 0 0 2c 1 .. .. .. 313 3 13 2c 2 .. .. .. 64 0 30 Pouto2Bl .. .. .. .. 1,600 0 0 „ 2e Ia 1 .. .. .. 1,200 0 0 „ 2b Ib 1 .. .. .. 955 0 0 „ 2e Ib 2 .. .. .. 645 0 0 „ 2e lo .. .. .. .. 1,750 0 0 „ 2e Id .. .. .. .. 1,400 0 0 „ 2e Is .. .. .. .. 1,600 0 0 „ 2e2 .. .. .. .. 3,496 0 0 „ 2e 1a .. .. .. .. 5 0 0 „ 2e3b .. .. .. .. 1,256 3 36 „ 2e 3a (part) ...... 70 0 0 „ 2e 4b l .. .. .. 243 0 0 „ 2e4b2 .. .. .. 122 0 0 „ 2e 4o .. .. .. .. 347 0 22 „ 2e 4d .. .. .. .. 317 3 15 „ 2e 5a .. .. .. .. 435 2 11 „ 2b 6a .. .. .. 224 0 30 „ 2e 6b 2b .. .. .. 55 3 0 „ 2b 7b 2 .. .. .. 10 1 21 „ 2e 8 .. .. .. .. 194 1 6

G.—lo.

7

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and lands " — included therein. Authorrty. To x tA u Items. August, March, J° dls * 1931. 1931. A^' » A."—TOKERAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. IV. KAIPARA. (Plan 4)— continued. A. K. P. Puriri Point N.R. .. .. .. SO 0 0 Raekau 2a .. .. .. 30 2 3 3 .. .. .. .. 30 0 0 Tangiteroria and Haumi .. .. 0 0 19 Lots 1 and 2 (D.P. 10682) .. .. 0 2 25-4 Tatarariki, Parish of, Lot 1 .. .. 75 0 0 » „ Allotment 11 .. 23 0 29 Tokatoka, Block X, Section 2a 1 .. 27 2 2 2a 3 .. 13 1 38 2b 1 .. 13 1 12 2b3 .. 13 1 13 2b 4 .. 14 3 11 2c 2a .. 5 0 0 2c 2b .. 4 Ī 0 2c 2c .. 13 1 1 Tokatoka, Section 3, Block X, 3a 1 .. 11 3 30 „ 3, „ 3a 2 .. 11 3 30 „3, „ 3a 3 .. 11 3 30 Tokatoka S.D., Section 7, Block X .. 8 0 7 66, „ XI .. 5 0 0 67, „ XI .. 5 0 0 3, „ XIV .. 71 1 0 5, „ XIV .. 50 0 0 6, „ XIV .. 50 0 0 Tuawhitu B 1 .. .. .. 1 2 29 B 2 .. .. .. 8 3 38 B 3 .. .. .. 4 2 28 B 4a .. .. .. 14 3 34 » B 4b .... 26 1 1 Waira D .. .. .. ,. 13 0 5 Waipoua 2a lc (part) .. .. .. 88 3 39 13th May, 1931. 2a Id (part) .. .. .. 121 1 21 N.Z. Gazette, 21st May, 2b 2b 1 .. .. .. 405 3 0 1931 2b 2b 2 .. .. .. 100 0 0 2b 3d 2a .. 30 0 0 2b 3a 1 .. .. .. 60 0 0 Opanake lc South No. 10 .. .. 199 0 33 8th Aug., 1931. 2l • • • • 152 1 0 N.Z. Gazette, 20th Aug., 1931. Total .. .. .. 34,273 1 25-17 Excluded areas .. .. .. 908 1 00-7 Net total .. .. ..33,365 0 24-47 V. MOTATAU BASE FARM. (Plan 5.) Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,000. A. E. P. £ £ £ Motatan No. 2, Section 8 .. .. 201 2 0 Leasehold purchased and Purchase of lease. . 3 713 3 713 £ 0 - 2 ' •> 9 (part).. .. 223 0 33 possession obtained, Rent .. 94 ' 47 "47 " No'I' " Jp/M" " "1-346 2 0 1st Jan., 1931 Dairy stock .. 1,734 1,289 445 no. i, „ iz (part) .. .. J Horses .. .. 23 .. 23 m . , Fencing-material.. 10 .. 10 Total 770 0 33 Wages.. .. 14 .. 14 — Sundries, including 10 10 tools 5,598 5,049 549 " B."—WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT. VI. WAIPIPI (TE HAKONA). (Plan 6.) Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £600. A. B. P. £ £ £ Lot 323, Parish of Waipipi .. .. 44 0 0 Land declared subject Buildings and ac- 1,090 1087 3 " ;"*> » ■■ 25 0 0 to section 3 of the commodation " ™°' " ■• .. 25 0 0 Native Land Amend- Dairy plant and im- 376 366 10 " jjfB» " •• 26 0 0 ment and Native Land plements " jj"' " •• 25 0 0 Claims Adjustment Fencing .. 329 317 12 " ii°' " ■■ .. 25 0 0 Act, 1928, on 23rd Seeds and manure 1,249 1,036 213 " **"' " ■■ .. 25 0 0 Aug., 1929; to be Dairy stock .. 887 862 25 " r*' " • • .. 42 0 0 managed by the Wai- Depreciation, &c, 82 66 16 " S6i > " •■ 45 0 0 kato-Maniapoto Dis- on implements m . . trict Maori Land transferred Jot *' 282 0 0 Board, Auckland Wages .. .. 635 635 1—n-sram-ii. Water-supply .. 207 161 46 Sundries (includes 387 354 33 tractor working) . 5,242 4,884 358

a.—io.

8

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Anthmitv ' istAnril included therein. Authority. To 31st To 81st ig^pm Items. August, March, rr", t 1931. 1931. 19 " 31 ' «B."—WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. VII. KAIHAU (TAHŪNA). (Plan 7.) Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,650. a. B. p. £ £ £ Lot 310b, Parish of Waipipi .. .. ISO 0 0 Declared subject to sec- Buildings and ac- 691 S68 123 358a „ • • 13 1 26 tion 3 of the Native commodation 358 B n .. ..4-010 Land Amendment and Fencing .. 235 99 136 359a ;) .. 37 2 5 Native Land Claims Seeds and manure 587 196 391 " 368c' „ ■• 16 2 11 Adjustment Act, 1928, Dairy stock .. 492 63 429 '.'. 367 (residue) „ • • .. 7 3 24 on 23rd Aug., 1929; Depreciation, &c, 200 200 369 ft . . 44 1 0 to be managed by the on implements " 373' „ .. 30 0 0 Waikato - Maniapoto Wages .. .. 461 317 144 ', 359b, Section 1 „ . . 28 0 24 District Maori Land Water-supply .. 57 23 34 ', 359b' Section 2 ,, .. 84 1 34 Board, Auckland . Sundries (includes 578 365 213 " 363 ' „ .. ..025 tractor working) " 3R4' ", .. 1 125 . " n „ .. ..303 3,301 1,831 1,470 Total 457 1 37 VIII. ONEWHBRO. (Plan 8.) Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £2,500. a. b. P. £ £ £ Lot 99u 3 Parish of Onewhero .. .. 170 0 0 Section 23/1929. Motor-truck .. 275 275 99n 4' .. .. 127 0 0 Motor-tractor .. 258 .. 258 " 99 N 5 " . . .. 55 0 0 20th Feb., 1930. Dairy stock .. 356 104 252 " 99n7 ' .. .. 249 131 N.Z. Gazette, 13th Mar., Fertilizers .. 113 61 52 ". 99 L (p a rt) „ .. . • 80 0 0 1930. Grass-seed .. 34 14 20 99m 2b 2 (part) „ • • • • 43 3 8 Fencing-material .. 100 80 20 " 99a 2b (part) „ .. .. 51 2 3 Wages .. .. 142 3 139 99a 2c 1 ., ■ • • • 41 2 2 25th Aug., 1930. Sundry tools, &c. 228 29 199 " 99a 2c 2 • •• 17 1 7 N.Z. Gazette, 4th Sept., Motor-spirit, oil, &c. 114 .. 114 " 99a 2c 3 „ • • ■ • 93 1 24 1930. Horses .. .. 32 .. 32 Onuatia 3d 1 .. • • • • 195 3 28 Farm implements 150 .. 150 3d 2 ...... 186 2 10 3 A .. .. .. 509 0 0 6th Aug., 1931. 1,802 566 1,236 "30 .. .. 515 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 13th Aug., —— ■ = " 3d 3 '. . .. • • • • 242 3 18 1931. Lot 99m 2b 2b (balance), Parish of Onewhero 28 2 27 Total 2,606 3 38 IX. WAAHI (HUNTLY). (Plan 9.) Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board, Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £250. A. B. P. Lot 171a (part), Parish of Pepepe (C.T. 214 2 39-3 Section 23/1929 285/71) Lot 25b, Parish of Pepepe .. .. 43 2 3 20th Feb., 1930. 27 .. 52 3 21 N.Z. Gazette, 13th Mar., " 28a ',', •• •■ 25 0 0 1930. " 28b „ ... ■• 22 0 0 Total 358 0 23-3 X. KAWHIA. (Plan 10.) Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £3,250. A. B. P. £ £ Kawhia A 2a .. .. .. ■ • 17 2 23-1 Section 23/1929. Tools .. .. 16 .. 16 C 1 Section 2b 1 .. .. 45 0 0 Camp accommcda- 47 47 CI 2b 2 .. .. 7 2 32 12th May, 1931. tion C 1 „ 2b 3 .. .. 28 1 0 N.Z. Gazette, 14th May, Fertilizer .. 28 .. 28 " C 1 „ 2b 4 .. .. 15 1 26 1931. Sundries .. 17 .. 17 " CI „ 2b 5 .. .. 15 3 14 C 2 „ 1a .... 2 3 34 108 .. 108 " C2 „ 2 .. .. .. 5 3 26 ■ C 2 „ 3 .. 26 2 28-6 , C3 „ 2 .. .. .. 73 3 16 '„ E 2b 1 .. .. .. 1 3 15 „ E2b2a .. .. .. 20 3 6 „ E 2b 2b 82 2 2 „ T 2, Section 1 .. .. .. 28 2 38 TJ 2b ., ,. -, 14 0 18 I

G.—lo

2—G. 10

9

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands . ,, ., j Included therein. Authority. To 31st To 31st \ s '$*" Items. August, March, j° '™ 1931. 1931. jf 31 ' "B."—WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. X. KAWHIA. (Plan 10)— continued. A. K. P. . Mangaora 1 .. .. .. .. 23 2 5 2 .. .. .. .. 63 2 13 3 .. .. .. .. 7 0 34 4 .. .. .. .. 43 3 19 5 .. .. .. .. 18 3 24 6a .. .. .. .. 74 1 30 6b .. .. .. .. 50 1 10 6o .. .. .. .. 240 3 0 7a .. .. .. .. 60 3 4 7b .. .. .. .. 25 0 22 7c .. .. .. .. 66 0 0 7d .. .. .. .. 67 0 30 Moerangi 3a 1 .. .. .. 203 3 17-4 3a 2 .. .. .. 492 1 35-6 3b 2c 1 .. .. .. 242 0 0 3d 2 (part) (Eastern portion) .. 309 0 0 3e 2 .. .. .. 464 1 35 3g 1 .. .. .. 82 0 0 3g2 .. .. .. 148 0 0 3g 6a .. .. .. 77 1 20 3g 6b .. .. .. 103 2 0 3h .. .. 990 0 0 Total .. .. 4,241 2 18-2 XI. OPARURE. (Plan 11.) Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £440. A. B. p. £ £ Pukenui 2n 2a .. .. .. 50 2 13 Section 23/1929. Camp equipment 4 ! 4 Kinohaku East If 18a .. .. .. 13 2 05 Fertilizer .18 18 If 21a .. .. .. 16 1 28 12th May, 1931. Dairy stock '.'. 6 \ '.'. 6 1* 21b 2 .. .. 5 1 15-8 N.Z. Gazette, 14th May, Fencing-material 2 > .. 2 If 27b. . .. .. 39 104 1931. ! „ If 28a ...... 4 0 35 30 j 30 Pukeroa-Hangatiki 4d 2d 4a .. .. 61 3 14 - I 1! . Te Kumi 12b 2b 3b 2b .. .. .. 90 0 28 1st Aug., 1931. N.Z. Gazette, 13th Aug., Total .. .. 282 1 22-8 1931. XII. TE KUITI BASE FARM (SOMERVILLE'S). (Plan 12.) Purchased by Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board, 31st March, 1930. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,500. A. e. p. £ £ £ Pukenui 2t 2, Lot 1, D.P. 12914 .. 195 2 23-7 Purchase of pro- 7,920 7 920 2t 3, Lot 2, D.P. 12737 .. 422 1 0 perty Fencing materials 137 45 92 Total .. .. 617 3 23-7 Buildings and ac- 11 11 ===== eommodation Rates .. .. 103 103 Fertilizers .. 202 .. 202 Live-stock .. 807 .. 807 Wages— Capital .. 105 .. 105 Maintenance .. 113 27 86 Sundries .. 51 2 49 9,449 8,108 1,341 XIII. MAHOENUI. (Plan 13.) Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £4,000. A. R. p. I £ £ £ Mahoenui A 2 B 1 .. .. .. 185 2 20 Section 23/1929. Camp accommoda- 259 38 221 1b 1 .. .. .. 189 0 0 tion 1b2b •• •• •• 249 2 0 3rd April, 1930. Bushfelling .. 115 115 1b 2c (balance) .. .. 482 1 35 N.Z. Gazette, 17th April, Scrub-cutting .. 282 282 2, Section 3b .. .. 461 3 25 1930. Ploughing .. 43 43 2, Section 4 .. .. .. 56 1 30 Grass-seed .. 502 129 '373 2, Section 5b 1b .. .. 157 1 20 Fencing - material, 615 444 171 2, Section 5b 2a .. .. 24 0 39 &c. 2, Section 5b 2b .. .. 570 1 0 Fertilizers .. 370 45 325 2, Section 7a .. .. 185 0 14 Crops (swede, &o.) 4 4 2, Section 7b . . .. 242 0 8 Dairy stock .. 705 .. 705 2, Section 8b 2a .. .. 73 3 29 Accident insurance 62 62 2, Section 8b 2b .. .. 226 0 37 Sundries, including 172 49 123 2, Section 9 .. .. .. 28 0 39 loose tools 3b 3b .. .. .. 48 2 24 ' " 'o B ?° o-o,--, „r '■ •• 96 228 3,129 I 1,149 1,980 Section 2, Block VI .. .. 50 0 0 '

G.—lo

10

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Authority. To 31st To 31st IstApril included therein. J 0 61s } \° al , ST ' to 31st Items. August, March, V" °™* 1931.. 1831. 19 ° 3 f ' "B."— WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XIII. MAHOENUI (Plan 13)— continued. A. R. P. Otiao No. 1b .. .. ■ ■ • • 43 2 15 „ No. 2 .. .. .. .. 89 0 36 „ No. 3a .. .. .. .. 15 3 28-6 28th Jan., 1931. No 3b . 38 2 0 N.Z. Gazette, 5th Feb., " No. 3c 38 2 0 1931. „ No. 3d 62 0 22 Manga-Awakino 8a 1b .. .. .. 65 3 20 8a 2b 2 .. .. 313 l 27 8b 2b 2b .. .. 412 3 4 Mahoenui 2, Section 5a .. .. 32 3 19 "1 Crown lands to be de-Manga-Awakino 8a 1a .. .. .. 15 0 5 1 veloped under section 8a 2a .. .. . - 19 1 9 > 23 of the Native Land Section "l, Block VII, Awakino .. .. 400 0 5 j Amendment and Na2 „ •. 451 0 10 J tive Land Claims Adjustment Act, 1929 Total .. ..5,325 3 28-6 XIV. WAIMIHA. (Plan 14.) Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £4,500. A. e. P. £ £ £ Rangitoto-Tuhua 77b 1a .. .. 118 0 0 Section 23/1929. Camp accommoda- 421 365 56 77b 1b 2a .. .. 43 0 0 tion and water- j 77b 2b 4a .. . . 472 0 0 20th Feb., 1930. supply 77b 2b 4b .. .. 332 1 24 N.Z. Gazette, 13th Mar., Motor-truck .. 276 276 77b 2b 4c .. . . 612 1 16 1930. Motor-tractors .. 731 731 7g B i _ _ 238 2 3 Farm implements 176 137 39 " 78b 2a 2a '.'. '.'. 509 2 17 Fencing-material.. 459 452 7 78b 2a 2b .. .. 151 1 3 Grass-seed .. 705 344 361 78b 2a 2c .. .. 336 0 20 Fertilizers .. 227 90 137 78b 2b 1 .. .. 213 3 17 Motor-spirit, oil, &c. 368 173 195 78b 2b 2 27 3 23 Loose tools .. 127 124 3 " 78b 2c 1 '.'. .. 92 2 0 Wages .. .. 1,326 833 493 78b 2c 2a .. .. 74 0 8 Sundries, including 292 140 152 "„ 78b 2c 2b .. .. 114 3 5 tree - planting, 78b 2c 2o .. .. 322 0 27 surveys, &c. 78b 2d .. .. 200 2 22 " 78b 2e .. .. 406 2 0 5,108 3,665 1,443 „ 78b 2c (balance) .. 19 3 3 i-= ■ — 78b 4a and B 1 .. 391 2 24 78b 4a and B 2 (balance) ' 94 3 38 78b 4a and B 3 .. 174 0 23 78b 4a and B 4 .. 625 2 14 78b 4a and B 5 .. 1,258 0 1 80b 2a .. .. 6.5 1 32 80b 2b .. .. 976 3 32 Total .. .. 7,872 0 32 « c."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XV. WAIPAPA BUSH. (Plan 15.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £750. a. k. p. £ £ £ Waipapa-Whatapo (part) .. .. 90 3 37 7th Jan., 1931. Purchase-price .. 2,500 2,500 j . F F l r == N.Z. Gazette. 15th Jan., Motor-truck .. 259 4 255 1931. Motor-spirit, &o. 85 14, 71 Wages .. .. 292 73 219 Land purchased as a Sundries, including 83 37 46 source of supply of : loose tools and fencing timber. camp equipment 3,219 j 2,628 j 591

G—lo

11

Analysis of Expenditure. Lands Authority . P" To 3!st » Items. August, March, »„„,,„* 1931. 1931. 1( f 31 ' "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XVI. HOROHORO. (Plan 16.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £8,000. Less subsidy from Unemployment Board on account of labour costs, £750. A. R. P. £ £ £ Te Rimu-Horohoro .. . ■ •• 114 0 0 Section 23/1929. Motor-tracks .. 887 887 Rotomahana-Parekarangi 1b .. 60 0 0 Motor-tractors .. 1,547 1,547 lc 2 . . . . 121 3 10 9th Dec, 1929. 1 Farm implements 677 651 26 " lc 3 .. .. 280 2 20 N.Z. Gazette, 12th' Dec, J Buildings and ae- 2,756 2,125 631 lc 4 . .. 490 0 0 1929. commodation " ic5 .. .. 304 2 0 Cattle .. .. 1,512 1,180 332 lc 6 .. 879 2 0 I Fencing-material 1,275 1,245 30 lc 7b .. 5 2 28 Grass-seed .. 3,170 2,864 306 " lc 7c .. .. 341 2 32 Other seed .. 120 120 lc 8a .. 349 124 Fertilizers .. 2,354 1,277 1,077 lc 8b .. 149 0 16 Motor-spirit, &c. .. 2,209 1,505 704 lclO .. .. 418 136 Wages .. .. 5,327 4,315 1,012 lc 9 .. .. 378 0 0 Tools .. .. 303 197 106 " n lc 11 487 2 0 • Sundries .. 781 599 182 " lc 12 .. .. 451 2 0 lcl3 .. .. 366 0 0 22,918 18,512 4,406 „ lo 14 .. .. 385 120 ======= lc 15 .. .. 118 2 0 lc 16 .. 60 3 30 6a 2 No. 4b 1a 2 .. 2,780 0 0 7th Jan., 1931. '„ 6a 2 No. 4b Ia 1a 39 2 10 N.Z. Gazette, 15th Jan., 6a 2 No. 4b 1b 2 .. 919 1 22 1931. Total .. .. .. 8,346 2 16 XVII. PAREKARANGI. (Plan 17.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,000. A. B. P. I | .£ I • £ Rotomahana-Parekarangi 6a 2 4b 1b 1 ... 477 0 15 Section 23/1929. Camp accommoda- 131 j .. 131 6a 2 4b 2a (part) 225 0 0 j tion 6a 2 4b 2b .. 127 0 0 I 6th June, 1931. Tools and imple- 63 | 63 " 6a 2 4b 2c .. 180 0 0 i N.Z. Gazette, 11th June, ments 6a 2 4b 2d .. 384 2 20 1931. Culverts, &c. .. 13 . .. 13 6a 2 4b 2b ... 60 0 0 6a 2 4b 2f .. 270 0 0 207 j .. 207 6a 2 4b 2s 40 0 0 ======== 6a 2 5b 1 150 0 0 ; 6a 2 5b 3b .. 110 0 0 6a 2 5b 3c .. 130 0 0 „ 6a 2 5b 3d .. 100 0 0 6a 2 5b 3b 1 .. 40 0 0 6a 2 5b 3e 2 .. 50 0 0 6a 2 5b 3e 3 .. 66 0 0 6a 2 5b 3e 4 .. 44 0 0 6a 2 5b 3s S .. 47 0 0 6a 2 5b 3b 6 .. 55 0 0 6a 2 5b 3e 7 .. 40 0 0 6a 2 5b 3e 8 .. 66 0 0 6a 2 5b 3e 9 .. 206 0 0 Total .. .. .. 2,867 2 35 XVIII. PEKA. (Plan 18.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,000. a. b. p. £ £ Waitaruna No. Ia .. .. .. 312 Section 23/1929. Camp accommoda- 30 .. 30 Ib .. .. ... 11 1 20 tion 2b .. .. .. 7 1 10 6th June, 1931. Tools .. .. 10 .. 10 3 .. .. .. 23 2 12 N.Z. Gazette, 11th June, — 4a .. .. .. 15 3 25 1931. 40 . :. 40 4b .. .. .. 28 0 25 ======= 5a .. .. .. 9 2 10 5b .. .. .. 8 3 15 TePeka(part) .. .. .. .. 1,040 0 0 Total .. .. .. 1,147 3 39

G.—lo

12

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands A„tv,nrit„ . . . ., included therein. Authority. To 81st To gut 1st April Items. August, March, J°,„,,=f 1931. 1981. 19 g 31 ' <<C."—WAIAEIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XIX. MOUREA. (Plan 19.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £5,451. Less Unemployment subsidy on labour costs, £451. A. B. P. £ £ £ Kaokaoroa No. 1 Block .. .. 98 0 30 Section 23/1929. Purchase of land 3,300 3,300 No. 2 Block .. .. 80 0 33 Motor-track .. 158 .. 158 Mourea Papakainga 3e No. 11 .. .. 199 2 0 9th July, 1931. Fencing and material 1,094 .. 1,094 3e No. 12 .. .. 76 0 14 N.Z. Gazette, 16th Julv, Grass-seed .. 100 .. 100 3e No. 14f (part) .. 552 0 0 1931. Camp equipment.. 75 .. 75 Waerenga East 2b .. .. .. 762 0 0 Wages .. .. 158 .. 158 Mourea Papakainga No. 2 (C.T. 280/92) .. 20 2 28 Fertilizers .. 114 .. 114 Whakapoungakau 1b 1 (C.T. 290/11) .. 51 3 5 Rent .. .. 54 .. 54 1b 2 (C.T. 290/10) .. 25 2 20 Tools and sundries 24 24 1b 3e 1 (C.T. 335/117) 24 2 0 1b 3e 2 (C.T. 379/297) 29 2 30 5,077 3,300 1,777 1b 3e .. .. 40 1 30 , r Waiatuhi (part) (C.T. 289/204) .. .. 20 2 0 Waerenga East No. 1 (C.T. 281/283) .. 140 0 0 Taheke 2b (part) (C.T. 340/38) .. .. 215 3 31-3 Whakapoungakau 3b 3a (part) (C.T. 340/37) 78 0 34 3b 3b (part) (P.R. 148/38) 55 2 6 Mourea Papakainga No. 3 (part) (C.T. 355/ 200 0 0 264) Total .. .. 2,670 3 21-3 XX. TAHEKE. (Plan 20.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £2,525. a. b. P. £ £ £ Taheke 3d .. .. .. .. 2,105 0 0 14th Jan., 1931. Buildings .. 241 195 46 Okere 1a 1 .. .. .. .. 137 2 21 N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Jan., Property .. 237 .. 237 „ 1a 2 .. .. .. .. 120 1 28 1931. Motor-vehicles and 8 8 „ 1b 1 .. .. .. .. 118 1 8 implements, &c. „ 1b2b .. .. .. .. 538 0 0 Subject to subsection Live-stock .. 2,250 1,756 494 „ 1b3e .. .. .. .. 85 3 28 (10) of section 23 of Tools .. .. 18 15 3 „ 1b3b .. .. .. .. 210 3 38 the Native Land Fencing .. 1,693 579 1,114 „ 1b3g .. .. .. .. 166 0 5 Amendment and Roads and tracks 214 .. 214 „ 1b 3h .. ... .. .. 172 2 16 Native Land Claims Ploughing, discing, 66 62 4 „ 1b 3i .. .. .. .. 142 1 7 Adjustment Act, 1929 and harrowing „ 1b3j .. .. .. .. 33 2 24 Seeds, &c. .. 1,231 1,222 9 „ lo 1 .. .. .. .. 1,049 1 23 Motor-oil, spirit, &c. 48 15 33 „ lo 2a .. .. .. .. 400 0 0 Wages .. .. 143 74 69 „ lc 2b .. .. .. .. 382 2 17 Interest on loan .. 357 357 „ lc 3c 2 .. .. .. 26 3 39 Sundries .. 104 19 85 „ 1o3b .. .. .. .. 34 1 6 Balance Board 5,520 5,520 „ lc 3a .. .. , .. .. 24 0 0 mortgage „ 1c3d .. .. .. 291 2 0 Waipapa2 ........ 503 0 0 12,130 9,822 2,308 1b .. .. .. .. 190 0 0 m ,_ _,_.. Id .. .. .. .. 340 1 0 1a 1 .. .. .. 133 3 33 1a2 .. .. .. 107 3 7 Te Karaka Ia .. .. .. 17 3 35 2d .. .. .. 30 0 16 2b ...... 134 1 0 2p .. .. .. 74 3 38 2g .. .. .. 92 2 26 Otaramarae 2 .. .. .. .. 93 2 11 3 .. .. .. .. 63 0 9 4 .. .. .. .. 37 0 13 Pukahukiwi .. .. .. .. 956 0 0 Kuharua lc 1 .. .. .. .. 10 0 2 Ruahine 1a .. .. .. 476 3 15 Okere Id .. .. .. .. 63 0 0 „ 1e .. .. .. .. 381 2 0 „ 1b3c .. .. .. .. 97 2 15 „ 1b 3d .. .. .. .. 107 0 27 Kuharua lc 2 .. .. .. .. 1 2 31 „ lo 3 ........ 41 2 30 2 .. .. .. .. 157 3 3 Taheke Papakainga 8a .. .. .. 11 3 23 8b .. .. .. 11 1 12 8c .. .. .. 20 3 10 13 .. .. .. 7 0 0 14 .. .. .. 12 0 0 15a .. .. 8 2 0 15b .. .. 8 2 0 17 .. .. .. 24 3 24 18 .. .. .. 10 1 22

G.—lo.

13

Analysis of Expenditure. Lands Authority . To 31st To 81 st Items. August, March, J?,„,!ī 1931. 1931. i^' "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XX. TAHEKE. (Plan 20)— continued. A. B. P. Taheke Papakainga 19 .. .. .. 8 2 3 20 .. .. .. 37 3 34 21 .. .. .. 42 3 21 22 .. .. .. 79 0 23 23 .. .. .. 17 3 0 24 .. .. .. 62 0 20 25 .. .. .. 8 3 23 26 .. .. .. 27 1 0 27 .. .. .. 14 2 27 28 .. .. .. 100 0 0 29 .. .. .. 81 2 7 30 .. .. .. 58 1 11 Mourea Papakainga 3e 14b .. .. 90 2 0 3d .. .. 7 1 10 3e 14f .. .. 607 0 34 Ruahine 1b 122 3 25 lo .. .. .. .. 20 1 37 Id .. .. .. .. 40 3 35 Te Karaka 1b .. .. .. 30 3 0 Kaokaoroa 2 .. .. .. .. 80 0 33 Rotoiti 1b (part) .. .. .. 276 0 15-6 „ 4 Ia 1 .. .. .. 209 3 30 „ 4 1a 2 218 1 36 4, Sections 1b, 2, 3, and 4 (part) .. 857 1 5 Paengaroa South 2 .. .. .. 420 1 10 4 .. .. .. 566 1 32 5 .. .. .. 690 0 0 6a .. .. .. 50 0 0 6b .. .. .. 50 0 0 6o .. .. .. 50 0 0 7 .. .. .. 100 0 0 8 .. .. .. 250 0 0 9 .. .. .. 100 0 0 10 .. .. .. 100 0 0 Total .. .. 15,744 3 13-6 XXI. MAKETU. (Plan 21.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £5,715. Less Value of milk-production (£965) and Unemployment subsidy on labour costs (£250), £1,215. a. e. p. £ £ £ Maketu A, Section 144 .. .. .. 616 0 30 Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. 1,101 870 231 Fencing-material 947 335 612 18th Dec, 1930. Fertilizers .. 346 94 252 5 .. .. ..323 N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Dec, Wages— 64 .. .. .. 4 10 1930. Maintenance .. 191 90 101 „ 65 .. .. 0 3 26 29th May, 1931. Development .. 752 382 370 66 .. .. 2 2 0 N.Z. Gazette, 4th June, Milking-plant .. 285 .. 285 67 .. .. .. 0 0 26 1931. Horses .. .. 77 .. 77 68 .. .. 0 1 17 Pigs .. .. 33 .. 33 83 .. .. 0 2 38 Sheep .. .. 262 .. 262 „ 88 .. .. 18 0 0 Farm implements 122 .. 122 94 .. .. 2 1 33 Grass-seed .. 155 .. 155 „ 95 .. .. 7 0 0 Dairy Company 66 .. 66 96a .. .. .. 7 2 27 shares 96b .. .. .. 6 0 0 Sundries, including 332 73 259 ,', 97 .. ..' 5 2 3 loose tools, &c 98a .. .. 20 2 0 . 98b .. .. .. 4 0 0 4,669 1,844 2,825 '„ 99 .. 56 0 8 100 .. 42 1 30 102 .. 40 0 0 103 .. .. .. 24 1 20 104 .. 22 1 3 105 27 3 23 106 .. .. 4 1 36 107 .. .. 9 1 12 108 .. 29 3 0 109 .. 20 1 18 110 5 1 19 111 3 2 15 112 21 1 10 113 .. .. 2 3 14 114 10 0

G.—lo

14

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Authnrlt.v m n , * m •,-. <. 1st April included therein. Authority. To 31st lo 31st % 3 ( Items. August, March, »„„.., f 1031. 1931. -,| 31 ' "C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT—continued. XXI. MAKETU. (Plan 21)— continued. A. E. P. Maketu A, Section 120 .. .. .. 7 1 25 121 .. 20 0 0 122 .. .. 9 2 0 123 .. .. 2 1 30 124 .. .. 13 0 33 125 .. .. 3 3 14 128 .. .. .. 3 10 142 .. .. .. 8 0 0 Rangiuru 2a 13 .. .. .. .. 51 2 8 28th July, 1931. 2a 14 (part) .. . . .. 34 0 13 N.Z. Gazette, 6th Aug., 2a 14 (part) .. .. .. 25 2 36 1931. 2a 12 .. .. .. .. 38 0 20 „ 2a 11 .. .. .. •■ 37 1 17 2a 10 .. .. •• •• 50 2 0 2a 9 .. 49 2 15 2a 2 (part) .. .. .. 60 3 0 2a 2 (part) .. .. .. 29 3 0 2a No. 8 (part) .. .. .. 17 I 32 2a No. 8 (part) .. .. .. 27 3 0 Total .. .. .. 1,500 3 14 XXII. TAURANGA. (Plan 22.) Scheme being investigated. £1,500 allocated to this scheme for the current financial year. XXIII. NGATIAWA. (Plan 23.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £2,500. A. E. p. £ £ £ Lot 246a 1, Parish of Waimana.. .. 12 1 0 Section 23/1929. Purchase of freehold 6,976 6,976 246b Ia „ .. .. 18 0 0 Motor-truck .. 158 .. 158 246b 1b' " .. •■ 56 1 0 6th June, 1931. Camp accommoda- 206 .. 206 246b 2 ' „ .. •• 240 2 13 N.Z. Gazette,- 11th June, tion " 246b „ .. • • 183 1 20 1931. Scrub-cutting and 345 .. 345 " 246b 4', „ ■ ■ ■ • 135 2 0 clearing 247 .. .. ' 40 0 0 Fencing-material.. 91 .. 91 " 248' ',', ■■ ■ ■ 40 0 0 Dairy stock, &c. .. 419 .. 419 " 246a 2 (part) ", .. ..596 115 1 p„ rt .w P d ml der sub Tools " " o? " o? 246a 2 part „ .. .. 75 3 7-2 I , ect ™ n 3 of sec- Motor-spirit, &c. 31 .. 31 245 (part) „ .. .. 1,397 3 30 f tL„ 23/1929 Su "T r>, '' S " *n „ 245 (part) „ •• .. 1,149 0 5 J tl0n^/i!W9 Contribution, Ohope 50 .. 50 Road Total .. .. 3,945 0 10-2 Sundries .. 28 .. 28 8,459 6,976 1,483 XXIV. RUATOKI. (Plan 24.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £5,000. £ £ £ Ruatoki Nos. 1, 2, and 3 Blocks, subdivisions Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. 2,048 1,876 172 which are still owned by Maoris, Whaitiri- Accommodation for 726 575 151 papa Block and Tapatahi Block containing A. R. P. 7th April, 1930. supervisor, and together an area of .. .. •• 19,042 3 8 N.Z. Gazette, 17th April, store-shed Te Pohue No 1 •. ■ • 89 2 23 1930. Fencing-material 638 360 278 No 2." .. 149 0 0 Grass-seed .. 2,719 423 2,296 Ngautoka ' .. • • ... 169 0 0 Swede-seed, oats, 109 108 1 Puketapu .. ■ • ■ • • • 41 1 21 18th Aug., 1930. &c. Tuturitansa •• ■■ 141 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 4th Sept., Herd-testing .. 183 .. 183 Poutere '.'. ■■ .. 162 0 0 1930. Fertilizers .. 1,314 757 557 Awamate .. .. • • ■ • 0 3 34 Farm implements 139 74 65 Matai • • • • • • 23 2 25 and tools Awamutu . . . . • • 30 0 37 Wages—C scheme 768 .. 768 Haruia . .. •• •• 46 2 26 Sundries, including 421 316 105 Waitapu '.'. '.'. '■'■ .. 167 0 0 material for cowToketehua .. .. . • • • 29 3 6 sheds, whares, &c. Hamoremore .. .. .. •• 32 3 0 TT^. Onuitera 26 116 9,065 4,489 4,576 TeTarata .. .. .. •• 85 0 0 Otauirangi .. • • ■ • • • 35 3 15 Urukaraka .. .. • • • • 4 3 30 Ohinenaenae .. .. • • • • 72 2 0 TeRautao .. .. •• •• 31 0 17 Te Tapapatanga .. .■ •• 43 3 16 Tapuiwahine .. .. .. • • 871 2 30 Hoko Whitu-a-Tu .. .. • ■ 599 2 20 Rautawhiri .. .. •• •• 3 1 25 Kohai Block 1,003 0 9 26th May, 1931. . N.Z. Gazette, 4th June., Total .. .. .. 22,893 0 38 1931.

G.—lo

15

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Anthnrttir IstAnril included therein. Authority. To 81at To 31st "g£prlj Items. August, March, J?,°"f 1931. 1931. 1931 « C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XXV. BUATAHUNA. (Plan 25.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £2,000. A. E. p. j £ £ Apitihana (part) .. .. .. 5,725 2 0 Section 23/1929. I Sheep .. .. 1,731 .. 1,731 Araiwhenua .. .. .. . . 542 2 0 Camp accommoda- 16 16 Heipipi .. .. .. .. 455 0 0 24th Mar., 1931. tion Hiwiotewera .. .. .. .. 4,240 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 2nd April, Fencing-material 312 .. 312 Houhi .. .. .. .. . . 718 0 0 1931. I Fertilizers .. 73 .. 73 TeHuia .. .. .. 882 1 0 | Grass-seed .. 72 .. 72. Kakanui .. .. .. .. 497 0 0 | Tools and sundries 56 56 Kiha .. .. .. .. .. 263 3 27 — Kiritahi ........ 60 0 16 * 2,260 .. 2,260 Kohimarama .. .. .. .. 202 0 15 ■ ■' ~ » Kopuhaea .. .. .. . . 370 1 16 Maiora.. .. .. .. .. 1,318 2 0 Maurea .. .. .. .. 892 3 0 Okete .. .. .. .. .. 171 2 0 OmakoiA .. .. .. .. 9 3 8 „ B .. .. .. . . 8 0 0 Orora .. .. .. .. .. 79 3 8 Parekaeaea .. . . .. .. 748 0 22 Pawharaputoko (part) .. .. .. 791 2 24 TePua .. .. .. .. 68 0 7 Porere , . .. .. .. .. 43 1 37 Tahuaroa .. .. .. .. 1,365 0 0 TaumahaA .. .. .. .. 326 0 0 „ B .. .. .. .. 1,028 0 0 Tarahanga .. .. .. .. 75 0 3 Tataramoa ' .. .. .. .. 129 2 0 Te Ti .. .. .. 244 2 18 Te Tawai .. .. .. .. 35 2 9 Tongariro .. .. .. .. 460 2 0 Umuroa .. .. .. .. 63 0 28 Wairere .. .. . . .. 89 0 27 Wharekakaho .. .. .. .. 521 0 0 Total .. .. .. 12,181 2 7 XXVI. WHAKATOHEA. (Plan 26.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £2,000. J £ £ j £ (1) The various parcels or subdivisions of the Section 23/1929. Topographical sur- 186 186 I Opape Block which still remain Native vey land, saving and excepting those 18th Dec, 1930. Grass-seed .. 226 .. 226 parcels alienated by way of lease to N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Dec. Store-shed .. 13 .. 13 Europeans of which the leases are A. E. p. 1930. Wages (cultivation) 192 .. !92 still in existence .. .. .. 15,442 1 35'2 Sundries .. 3 .. j 3 (2) The following parcels or subdivisions of the Waiotahe Parish, situate in 620 186 434 Opotiki Survey District:— __ Parish of Waiotahe, Lot 38 (Papakainga) 1 2 20 „ 388 (Urupa) .. 0 1 15 „ 19a .. .. 21 2 38 „ 19o .. .. 23 0 12-3 „ 19e .. .. 21 1 5 „ 388a .. .. 21 2 4 „ 388b ... .. 32 0 8 „ 19d .. .. 40 0 17 „ 388c .. .. 99 2 38 „ 19i? .. .. 41 1 13 ,. 389a .. .. 0 10 „ 389b 1.. .. 20 2 7-5 Wainui Reserve, being Section 313, Parish of Waimana, comprising an area of 600 14th Jan., 1931. acres, more or less .. .. .. N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Jan., All that piece of land, containing 4 acres 1931. 2 roods 14 perches, more or less, beingpart of Allotments 245 and 312, and part of Small Grazing-run No. 6 of the Parish of Waimana All that piece of land, containing 3 acres 1 rood 3 perches, more or less, being part of Lot 4 on deposited plan 12843, being part of Allotments 245 and 312, and part of Small Grazing-run No. 6 of the Parish of Waimana Total .. .. 16,373 3 30 XXVII. OPAPE BASE FARM. (Plan 27.! Waiariki District Maori Land Board. A. E. P. I | £ £ Opape 2a 1 Block .. .. .. 1,070 1 16 Section 23/1929. [ Purchase of lease- 1,993 .. 1.993 18th Dec, 1930. hold N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Dec, j Dairy stock .. 589 .. 589 1930. j ■ Leasehold purchased and j 2,582 .. 2,582 possession obtained I =c— —11 — - =— 31st July, 1931. I,

G.—lo.

16

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands Authority. Tn ,, st T „ ,„, 1st April included therein. * _. 10 ""} {° rfJ , st to 31st Items. August, March, »„„,,.* 1931. 1931. 1931 « C."—WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XXVIII. TORERE. (Plan 28.) Waiariki District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £2,500. A. a. P. Awaawakino A .. .. .. .. 406 0 0 Section 23/1929. Nil. B(part) .. .. .. 189 0 0 Torere 1a 20 1 3 31 14th April, 1931. 1a 30i! ■ ■ • • • • 3 0 4! N.Z. Gazette, 23rd April, " 1a30f 3 2 34 1931. „ Ia 30x No. 2b .. .. .. 6 0 6 „ IB 4b 44 2 18 Waiohoata A3 .. .. .. ■ • 6 3 23 A 7 .. .. .. •• 70 1 9 A 8 .. .. .. ■• 35 1 39 „ All 6 2 4 A 13 17 0 0 A 16 24 1 16 A 24a .. .. .. .. 101 0 0 A 25b .. .. .. .. 83 1 2 A 27a .. .. .. 55 0 1 A 28b .. .. .. -.. 88 1 25 A 29 65 2 0 A 33 64 0 0 A 35 94 1 3 Total .. .. .. 1,366 1 15 XXIX. TE KAHA. (Plan 29.) Scheme being investigated. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £2,500. " D."—TAIKAWHITI MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XXX. TAKATAHU. (Plan 30.) Tairawhiti District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £800. Whetumatarau No. 5 347 2 88 Section 23/1929. Bushfelling .. 487 481 6 jj 0 g 70 1 20 Grass-seed and sow- 169 138 31 23rd April, 1930. ing Total .. 418 0 18 N.Z. Gazette, 15th May, Fencing and material 570 270 300 .. ■ ■ 1930. Sundries .. 23 23 1,249 | 912 337 XXXI. WAIAPU-MATAKAOA. (Plan 31.) Tairawhiti District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £6,500. £ £ Tapatu-Waitangirua 2b 695 o' 6 Section 23/1929. Surveys .. 125 .. 125 Herupara No. 1 Block 368 0 0 Accident insurance 139 .. 139 Toetoe—Lot 3, Marangairoa 1b 4 .. .. 1,130 0 0 20th April, 1931. — — Kaiwaru—Lot 8, Marangairoa 1b 4 .. 1,806 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 18th June, 264 „ Section 5, Block VIII, Mangaoporo S.D. .. 573 0 0 1931. , ' ' . Section 10, Block VIII, Mangaoporo S.D. 257 0 0 Total .. .. .. 4,829 0 0 XXXII. POROPORO (INCLUDING WHENUAKORA). (Plan 32.) Tairawhiti District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £5,000. j £ £ £ All that portion of Poroporo No. 2 Block north Section 23/1929. I Bushfelling .. 1,732 1,565 167 of the Tikitiki-Ruatoria Road which is still A. b. p. Grass-seed 1,199 253 946 owned by Natives, oomprising an area of .. 2,845 0 0 23rd April, 1930. Fencing and material 1,376 490 886 AH that portion of Poroporo No. 2 Block to the N.Z. Gazette, 15th May, Sheep .. .. 138 .. 138 eastward of the main highway traversing 1930. Surveys . 158 .. 158 Poroporo No. 2 Block: bounded on the Turnip and swede 64 64 north by Paraumu No. 3 Block, on the south 15th Jan., 1930 seed by the Mangaoporo River, on the east by the N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Jan., Building-material 316 .. 316 Waiapu River, and on the west by the said 1930. Sundries .. 35 .. Ao main highway, containing .. .. 402 0 0 Tota l .. .; .. T,24H 0 0 5,018 | 2,308 2,710

G.—lo.

3—G. 10.

17

Analysis of Expenditure, Particulars of Schemes and Lands , ,., , included therein. Authority. To 31s( . Tq lst April Items. August, March, J° •""! 1931. 1931. 19 g 31 ' " D."—TAIRAWHITI MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XXXIII. TUPAROA. (Plan 33.) Tairawhiti District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £5,500. A. B. P'. ] ji I £ | £ Waikohu A 1 .. .. .. .. 563 2 0 Section 23/1929. i Wages .. .. I 31 31 WharepongaAl 488 0 16 Fencing-material 125 .. 125 A 2 .. .. .. 185 2 16 19th Mar., 1931. A3 .. .. .. 680 1 0 N.Z. Gazette, 26th Mar., 156 156 A 4 .. 234 0 32 1931. A 5 .. ... .. 166 1 0 WaitotokiA .. :. .. .. 1,039 0 20 Kaimoho A 1 .. . . .. .. 362 2 0 A 2 .. .. .. . . 247 1 0 Kokai A 2 .. . . .. .. 200 0 0 ,, A3 . . . . .. 903 0 16 „ A 4 . . .. .. ... 162 3 8 I Tutuwhinati A 1.. '. .. .. . . 489 2 7 A 2.. .. .. .. 263 3 17 A3.. .. .. .. 193 2 0 Puhunga A 4a .. .. .. .. 28 2 14 ■ ,. A 4b .. .. .. .. 65 1 14 A 5b 1.. .. .. .. 28 0 0 A 5b 3 .. .. .. .. 20 1 33 Kokai A1 .. .. .. .. 158 0 0 22nd May, 1931. Waitekaha A3.. .. .. ... 266 2 0 N.Z. Gazette, 4th June, 1931. Total .. .. .. 6,746 1 33 XXXIV. MOHAKA. (Plan 34.) Tairawhiti District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £4,000. J £ £ £ The following lands, situate in the Mohaka Section 23/1929. Dairy stock ..' 2,602 2,095 507 and Waihua Survey Districts, in the I Sheep .. .. 428 428 Tairawhiti Native Land Court Dis- 15th Jan., 1930. Fencing-'material '.'. 1,437 1,078 359 trict :— N.Z. Gazette, 23rd Jan., j Cultivation .. 917 788 129 (1) The various parcels or subdivisions of 1930. j Grass-seed .. 567 337 230 the Mohaka Block which still re- J Turnip-seed, oats, 120 37 83 main Native land, saving and except- & c , ing those parcels alienated by way | Fertilizers .. 645 310 335 of lease to Europeans of which the j Wages .. .. 718 516 202 leases are still in existence and con- Farm implements'' 257 187 70 taming an area of 10,006 acres. Sundries, including 411 305 106 (2) The various parcels or subdivisions of blackberry spraythe Waipapa Block which still re- j rl g, & c . main Native land, saving and except- ■ < , ing those parcels alienated by way 8 102 j 5 653 2 449 of lease to Europeans and of which i I ' the leases are still in existence and containing an area of 1,200 acres. A. B. p. " i ■ Putere A 11b 1 .. .. 332 0 31-2 „ A 11b 2 .. .. ..465 0 11-6 22nd April, 1931. Waihua lo 1a .. .. .. .. 21 0 35 N.Z. Gazette, 30th April, li lc 1b 1 .. .. 170 0 0 1931. lo 2 .. .. 381 2 28 lc 6a .. .. .. .. 50 1 10 1o6b .. .. .. .. 250 1 0 ■ lo 7 .. .. .. .. 74 1 18 „ lo 8 .. .. 58 1 24 lo 9 .. .. .. .. 29 0 28 lc 10 ........ 262 3 9 lo 12 .. .. .. 25 0 28 ' 2c 1b .. . . .. .. 3 3 29 2c lc 2 .. .. .. 2 2 29 2c Id .. .. .. .. 2 3 28 2c In .. .. .. .. 1 2 37 2o2 .. .. .. .. 2 3 15 2c 4 .. .. .'. ..6 15-1 2c 5a .. .. . . .. 6 1 27-6 2c 5b 1 .. .. ..3 18-5 2c 5b 2 . . .. .. 3 18-5 2o 6b .. . . .. 18 1 24-4 2c 6c .. . . .. .. 7 2 15 2c 6d .. .. .. .. 10 2 33 2c 7a .. .. . . .. 17 0 16 2c 8 .. . . . . .. 16 0 21 2c 9 .. .. .. 45 0 11 2c 10a .. .. . . .. 14 0 24 2c 10b.. .. .. .. 19 0 0 2c 10c .. .. . . .. 15 2 0 2o 10r> .. .. . . .. 11 2 0 2c 10b .. .. .. .. 14 0 27 2o 10f .. .. .. .. 14 0 26 2c 10g .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 2c 11 .. .. .. .. 109 2 4 „ 2c 15 .. .. .. .. 87 1 6 Total .. .. 13,762 2 30-9

G.—lo.

18

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands a™*»,™.;*., i*,i \, ,;t included therein. Autnonty. To 31st To 31st ♦„■?£?' Items. August, March, "^ 1931. 1931. 19 g 31 ' " E."—AOTEA MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XXXV. BANANA. (Plan 35.) Aotea District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £5,000. A. B. p. I £ £ , £ Morikau, No. 1, Section 1 .. .. 57 3 6 Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. 1,617 1,069 j 548 No. 1, „ 2 .. .. 63 3 20 Draught horses .. ! 102 62 ! 40 No. 1, „ 4 .. .. 58 3 32 7th April, 1930. Fencing-material 742 599 : 143 No. 1, „ 5 . . .. 64 3 31 N.Z. Gazette, 17th April, Fertilizers . .* 285 199 , 86 No. 1, „ 9 .. .. 6 0 28 1930. Wages .. .. 1,686 1,199 487 No. 1, „ 10 .. .. 12 3 24 Farm implements 235 212 23 No. 1, „ 11 .. . . 12 3 21 Discharge of liabili- 1,555 1,555 No. 1, „ 12 .. 24 0 0 ties No. 1, „ 13 . . .. 31 0 0 Grass-seed .. 50 .. ' 50 No. 1, ,, 14 .. .. 60 0 0 " Sundries, including 1,454 969 485 „ No. 1, „ 15 .. .. 39 0 0 loose tools, horseNo. 1, „17 .. .. 88 3 28 feed, &c. No. 1, •„ 18 .. ..' 105 3 0 7,726 5,864 1,862 No. 1, „ 19a .. .. 28 0 0 — ===„=. No. I, „ 19b 1 .. 21 l 37 No. 1, „ 19b 2 .. .. 27 0 9 No. 1, „ 19b 3 .. .. 77 0 28 No. 1, „ 20a .. .. 14 1 0 No. 1, „ 20b .. .. 69 3 0 No. 1, „ 21 .. 98 0 0 No. 1, ,.22 .. .. 103 0 0 No. 1, „ 23 .. .. 37 1 27 No. 1, „ 24 .. .. 37 1 36 No. 1, „ 26a .. .. 77 0 0 No. 1, 26b .. .. 175 0 0 No. 1, „ 27 .. .. 122 3 0 No. 1, „ 28 .. .. 91 3 16 No. 1, „ 29 .. .. 99 1 15 No. 1, „ 30 .... 98 3 0 No. 1, „ 32 .. .. 141 2 0 Ranana, Section 1 .. .. .. 11410 „ 2a ... .... 122 2 0 ': „ „ 2b .. .. .. 77 2 0 „3 .. .. .. 108 1 2 „4 .. .. .. 164 0 0 „ 5 • • ... ... .. 177 0 0 „6 .. .. .. 47 1 0 „7 .. .. .. 123 3 0 Ngarakauwhakarara No. 1 .... 89 3 10 No. 2 ... .. 78 3 10 No. 3 .. .. 49 1 18 No. 4 .. .. 79 0 18 No. 5 .. .. 88 3 14 No. 6 .. .. 75 0 4 No. 7 .. .. 90 3 8 No. 8 .. .. 70 2 13 No. 9 .. .. 52 3 5 No. 10 .. .. 153 2 0 No. 11 .. .. 45 2 20 Nos. 13 and 14 .. 96 0 0 No. 16 .. .. 116 0 0 Morikau No. 1, Section 3 .. .. 24 0 0 21st Mar., 1931. No. 1 6 .. .. 8 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 26th Mar., No. 1 7 .. .. 3 2 18 1931. No. 1 8 .. .. 42 1 0 No. 1, „ 16 .. .. 34 2 0 No. 1, „ 33 .. .. 6 3 6 No. 1, „ 34 .. .. 0 3 24 No. 1, „ 35 .. .. 14 0 32 Ngarakauwhakarara No. 12 .. .. 136 0 0 No. 15 .. .. 32 2 0 No. 17 .. .. 37 0 0 Ranana, Section 12 .. .. .. 3 2 0 Ranana, Reserve No. 1 .. . . ' .. 14 1 5 „ No. 2 .. .. .. 2 1 23 „ No. 3 .. .. 11 0 30 „ No. 4 .. .. .. 0 3 32 I ■ „ No. 5 .. .. .. 33 1 10 „ No. 6 .. .. .. 5 2 35 „ No. 7 .. .. .. 10 1 36 „ No. 8 .. .. .. 10 1 36 „ No. 9 .. .. .. 7 2 22 „ No. 10* .. . . .. 14 1 10 „ No. 11 .. .. .. 2 1 21 I „ No. 12 .. .. 7 2 16 „ No. 13 .. . . 22 3 15 „ No. 14 .. .. .. 6 2 25 „„ No. 15 ...... 29 3 18 „ No. 16 . . . . .. 6 3 0 Total .. .. .. 4,516 3 14 * Excepting thereout an area of 34 perches on the bank of the Wanganui Iliver.

G.—lo.

19

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands , ■ .. .. I "T~I included therein. Authority. To 31gt To gls( . 1st April Items. August, March, j?«™6 1931. 1931. j| 31 ' "B."—AOTBA MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XXXVI. TOKAANU. (Plan 36.) Native Trustee. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £3,800. Less Estimated receipts (£35) and Unemployment subsidy (£333), £368. a. b. P. £ £ £ Pt. Waipapa U .. .. .. .. 31 0 0 Plant .. .. 539 522 17 Waipapa Id .. .. .. 386 3 39 Section 25 of Native Buildings .. 986 962 24 If .. .. .. .. 107 2 24 Trustee Act, 1930. Scrub-cutting .. 2,463 2,040 423 Ig •• •• .. .. 2 0 0 Ploughing, grassing, 1,094 62 1,032 » 1h . . .. .. .. 40 3 16 and manuring ]J I .. .. .. .. 49 1 23 Fencing .. 686 230 456 ,i 1j 2a .. .. .. .. 30 2 29 4th Dec, 1930. Unemployment re- 188 .. 188 lJ 2b .. .. .. .. 43 0 24 N.Z. Gazette, 11th Dee., lief lJ 3 .. .. .. .. 56 0 36 1930. Sundries .. 628 386 242 1j4 .. .. .. .. 8 335 1J5 .. .. .. .. 62 2 33 6,584 4,202 2,382 It 6 .. .. .. .. 68 0 1 Less Credits .. 75 44 31 Ik .. .. .. 108 0 4 1m .. .. .. .., 189 0 21 6,509 4,158 2,351 Tokaanu A .. .. .. .. 66 2 0 ,, B IB .. .. .. .. 53 1 18 B Id .. .. .. 261 2 16 B 1m .. .. .. .. 63 0 22 B Is .. .. .. .. 33 3 21 B lo 2 .. .. .. .. 40 1 10 B 1p .. .. .. .. 44 2 17 B 1q 2 .. .. .. .. 28 2 4 Hautu 3a 1 .. .. .. .. 25 l 3 „ 3b 1 .. .. .. 22 0 37 „ 3b 2 .. .. .. .. 63 1 21 „ 3c Ia ...... 11 3 10 „ 3o 1b .. .. .. .. 11 3 10 „ 3c lo .. .. .. .. 20 0 10 „ 3c 2 .. .. .. 199 0 11 „ 3e 1 .. .. .. .. 43 2 38 „ 3b 2 .. .. .. 116 2 21 „ 3e3 .. .. .. 116 2 21 „ 3e 4a .. .. .. 134 0 21 „ 3b 4b .. .. .. .. 132 0 29 6th March, 1931. „ 3e5 .. .. .. 213 3 12 N.Z. Gazette, 12th March, „ 3f 3 .. .. .. 129 3 26 1931. „ 3f4 .. .. .. 126 1 16 „ 3f 5b .. .. .. .. 56 0 21 Total .. .. .. 3,199 3 20 •

a—lo.

20

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes a,nd Lands di.thnritv •• I ■ ! i„i i,.ril included therein. Authority. To 31st To gi 8t , 1st April Items. August, March, I J° 6lli f 1931. 1931. A M?t. ... j liiOX. " F."—IKAROA MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XXXVII. HERETAUNGA. (Plan 37.) Ikaroa District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,000. A. R. P. Karamu F 2 .. .. .. .. 8 3 30 Section 23/1929. . Nil. „ DNo.l,. ... ..... 8 0 0 i '.■■ • Elm. 1 .... .. .. .. 20. 3 8 11th Aug., 1931. AY, Section 2 . .. ... . . 30 3 25 i N.Z.. Gazette, 20th Aug., Pakowhai No. 1 .. . . 42 0 0 1931. No. 2 .. .. ... .. 15 0 0 No; 3 ... • .. 35 3 10 Poukawa 11 M 1 .. ... . . .. 1 3 19 11 M2 .. .. .. .. 5 2 18 , Pakeiwhitu .2f J .. . . .. 33 2 25 . 2f3.. .. .. .. 3 0 0 Omahu2E4 .... .. .. 8 0 24 2e6 .:. ... .,. 13 3 38 „ 2d 4 ........ 24 0 22 „ . 2d 5 .. .. .. 21 2 24 „ 2d 12 .. .. 5 2 5 „ 2d 14 ........ 104 3 20 • ■ „ 2d, Section 3a ...... 8 2 5 ; 2d, Section 3b ...... 8 2 8 ' : 2f .. .. .. 20 0 17-5 . • 2n .. .. . . 39 1 27 . Puninga4B 1 ........ 84 0 21 Tangoio South No 27a ...... 102 1 0 No. 27b .. .. .. 183 3 22 No. 27c 1 .. .. .. 27 2 21 No. 27c 2 .. .. 9 3 17 No. 27o 3 .. .. .. 6 0 32 No. 27d 1 .. .. 18 3 29 No. 27d 2 .. .. .. 33 1 39 No. 27d 3 .. .. .. 16 1 10 No. 27e .. .. .. 20 2 19 No. 27f .. .. .. 27 1 31 No. 27c ...... 48 0 0 No. 27h .. .. .. 61 2 17 No. 27i .. .. .. 55 1 12 . - " No. 27j .. .. .. 14 3 0 . „ No. 27k ...... 34 3 10 . No. 27l .. .. 18 1 32 No. 27m - .. .. .. 55 1 27 No. 27n 1 .. .. .. 21 0 0 No. 27n2 .. * .. 9 3 6 «■ No. 27n3 .. .. .. 2 10 No. 27o .. .. .. 65 2 25 No. 27p .. .. 4 3 11 Total .. , .. .. 1,403 0 26-5 XXXVIII. MANAWATU. (Plan 38.) Ikaroa District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,000. Other areas are being investigated with a view to their inclusion in this scheme, for which £1,000 has been allocated for the current financial year. a. r. p. Matakarapa No. 1 .. .. .. 40 0 0 Section 23/1929. Nil. No. 2a .. .. 23 1 8 No. 2b .. .. .. 9 0 36 1st Aug., 1931. No. 2c 1 . .. .. .. 6 3 25 N.Z. Gazette, 6th Aug., No. 2c 2 .. .. .. 6 3 25 1931. No. 2d .. .. .. 9 0 36 No. 3 .. .. .. .. 7 0 0 No. 4 .. .. .. .. 70 0 0 No. 6 .. .. . . 99 0 0 Total ,. .. .. 271 2 10

a.—lo.

21

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands , ., „,. , " included therein. Authority. To 31st To 31st Items. August, March, F?*"? 1931. 1931. iJfSJi*' "G."—SOUTH ISLAND MAORI LAND DISTRICT. XXXIX. WAIRAŪ. (Plan 39.) South Island District Maori Laud Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,000. A. B. P. Wairau, Block XII, Section 5a .. ... 0 2 0 Section 23/1929. Nil „„„ 5b .... 34 1 22 5o2b .. .. 30 0 30 28th Mar., 1931. 6a 1 3 24 N.Z. Gazette, 9th April, I 60 1 .. .. 17 2 17 1931. 6c 2a .. .. 0 1 30 Excluded, 17/6/1931. 6c 2b .'. .. 6 0 20 „ 6o 2c .. .. 22 2 23 „ „ „ 7a 1 .... 17 3 8 7a 2 .. .. 25 1 24 7a 3 .. 10 2 10 7b J a 1.. .. 5 0 18 7b 1a 2.. .. 6 0 33 7b 1b .. .. 24 l 13 | 7b lc .. .. 20 1 30 7b 2 .. 19 2 10 8a .. 16 1 19 8b 1 .. .. 4 0 4 8b 2 .. 22 0 23 9a .. 17 2 0 9b 51 1 2 „10 .. .. 36 3 16 „ Ha .. 10 1 15 „ 11b .. .. 10 1 16 „ lie .. .. 20 2 25 „ 12n 1 . . ..21 11 „ I2d2 .. .. 4 1 29 „ 13 No. 1.. .. 16 0 5 „ 13 No. 2.. .. 58 0 9 „ 14a .. .. 24 2 3 „ 14b .. 45 0 0 Wairau Commonage 0 and B .. 10 1 10 Part Sections 1 and 2, North Bank, Wairau .. 94 1 6 Section 3, North Bank, Wairau .. .. 100 0 0 Section 114, Block XII, Cloudy Bay S.D. .. 38 0 29 11th May, 1931. 115, „ „ 14 0 0 N./j. Gazette, 14th May, — 1931. Total .. .. .. 839 3 14

G.-10.

22

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands . ,, .. " ~ " 7~ included therein. Authority. /: To 31st To 31st 1 f t i?'P Items. August, March. J° 31s * ... 1931. 1931. ]9 8 31 ' "G."—SOUTH ISLAND MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XL. ORAKA. (Plan 40.) South Island District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,750. a. k. p. £ £ £ Oraka, Section 2b, Block XI, Longwood .. 62 3 17 Section 23/1929. Dairy stock .. 485 369 116 „ 3h, Block XI, Longwood .. 74 1 39 Sheep .. .. 225 187 38 4a and 6b, Block XI, Longwood 60 0 9 19th July, 1930. Horses .. .. 211 211 4b and 6a, Block XI, Longwood 60 0 8 N.Z. Gazette, 24th July, Tools and imple- 316 213 103 7b, Block XI, Longwood .. 37 2 14 1930. ments 8, Block XI, Longwood .. 275 2 29 Fencing-material.. 326 225 101 9 and 12, Block XI, Longwood 165 0 15 Wages .. .. 1,225 504, 721 10, Block XI, Longwood .. 42 2 11 Fertilizers .. 43 33 ' 10 11a, Section 2, Block XI, Long- 61 0 24 Grass and other 65 47 I 18 wood seed 15, Block XI, Longwood .. 49 1 26 Bushfelling .. 104 .. I 104 186, Block V, Longwood (Oue- Sundries, including 299 91 j 208 tota) .. .. ' .. 101 3 26 ' building-material Oraka 3a, Block XI, Longwood .. .. 19 2 6 29th Jan., 1931. horse-feed, &c. „ 3B, „ „ .. .. 15 2 23 N.Z. Gazette, 6th• Feb., j „ 3c, „ „ .... 15 2 23 1931. 3,299 1,880 I 1,419 „ 3d, „ „ > . ., 15 2 23 ' i i ■ „ 8b, „ . . .. 37 0 31 „ 3f, „ „ .. ..152 23 The expenditure figures shown against the ,, 3g, ,, ,, .. 15 2 23 Oraka scheme include also KawhakaputaOraka Native Township, Block I, Section 1 .. 0 111 puta scheme. „ I, „ 2 . . 0 1 9 I, „ 3 .. 0 1 7 L 4 ■ ■ 0 15 I, 5 .. 0 14 „ I, „ 6 .. 0 1 4 „ I, „ 7 .. 0 1 6 I, 8 .. 0 16 „ I, „ 9 .. 0 1 2 I, „ 10 .. 0 14 I, „ 11 .. 0 10 I, „ 12 .. 0 0 38 „ I, „13.. 0 12 I, „ 14 .. 0 12 I, „ 15 .. 0 10 * „ I, „ 16 .. 0 10 „ I, „ 17 .. 0 10 „ I, „ 18 .. 0 10 I, „ 19 .. 0 10 I, „ 20 .. 0 10 „ II, „ 1 .. 0 14 „ II, 2 .. 0 14 „ II, „ 3 .. 0 1 3 „ II, „ 4 .. 0 1 10 „11, „ 5 .. 0 0 35 „ II, 6 .. 0 10 „ II, „ 7 .. 0 15 „11, „ 8 .. 0 1 20 „ „ II, „ 9 .. 0 10 „ II, „ 10 .. 0 1 0 „ II, „11.. 0 10 ,, II, 12 .. 0 1 0 „11, ,, 13 .. 0 10 „ II, „ 14 .. 0 10: „ II, ,, 15 .. 0 10 „ III, „ 1 . . 0 14 1 „ III, „ 2 .. 0 0 38 „ III, „ 3 .. 0 1 0 | „ HI, ,, 4 .. 0 1 3 } „ III, ,, 5 .. 0 10 „ III, 6 .. 0 1 0 „ IV, „ 1 .. 0 13 „ IV, „ 2 . . 0 14 „ IV, „ 3 . . 0 15 „ IV, „ 4 .. 0 13 „ IV, „ 5 .. 0 10 „ IV, ,, 6 .. 0 0 38 „ IV, ,, 7 .. 0 0 37 „ IV, ,, 8 .. 0 0 28 Oraka, Section 13, Block XI, Longwood Survey 3 1 7 23rd Feb., 1931. District N { Z. Gazette, 26th Feb., Oraka, Section 14, Block XI, Longwood Survey 1931. District .. .. .. .. 10 0 Total .. .. ..1,143 0 3

G.—lo.

SUMMARY OP AREAS. Area in Schemes. Area cultivable. A. H. P. A. R. P. Tokerau Maori Land District .. .. .. .. 437,635 1 17-7 *150,000 0 0 Waikato-Maniapoto Maori Land District .. .. .. 22,044 2 23'6 18,500 0 0 Waiariki Maori Land District .. .. .. .. 90,200 1 12-1 42,900 0 0 Tairawhiti Maori Land District .. .. .. .. 29,003 1 OL9 0 0 Aotea Maori Land District .. .. .. .. 7,716 234 6,'500 0 0 Ikaroa Maori Land District .. .. .. .. 1,674 2 36-5 1,600 0 0 South Island Maori Land District .. .. .. 3,249 2 12 3,000 0 0 Grand totals .. .. .. .. 591,324 2 17-8 248,200 0 0 * This is a guess and may be Terr wide of the mark.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing (1,500 copies, including plates), £347 10s..

By Authority: W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.-~-1931.

Price 4s. 3d.}

23

Analysis of Expenditure. Particulars of Schemes and Lands . .. ., i included thereto. Authority. To 31st Tq slgt 11st April Items. August, Marck, I S„„,,5 1931. 1931. ; ijjji ' " 6."—SOUTH ISLAND MAORI LAND DISTRICT— continued. XLI. KAWHAKAPUTAPUTA. (Plan 41.) South Island District Maori Land Board. Estimated expenditure, 1931-32, £1,780. A. k. p. Longwood, Block VI, Section 4 .. .. 10 0 0 Section 23/1929. For expenditure, see Oraka Development „ 7 .. 10 0 0 ! Scheme, above. 9 .. 10 0 0 19th July, 1930. ! „ 10 .. .. 8 0 0 N.Z. Gazette, 24th July, 11 .. .. 10 0 0 1930. „ 12 .. .. 8 0 0 13 .. .. 10 0 0 14 .... 8 0 6 „ „ „ 15 .... 10 0 0 16 .. .. 8 0 0 „ 18 .. 10 0 0 19 .. .. 10 0 0 „ 20 .. 10 0 0 „ 26 .. ..800 Block VIII, „ 4a .. .. 40 3 33 4b .. 81 3 16 5a .. 70 0 8 „ 5b .. 37 2 3 5c .. 195 1 8 - Block VII, „ 4a .. .. 30 0 2 4b .. 54 0 4 4c .. 24 0 2 „ 4d .. 34 0 2 4e .. 30 0 2 Kawhakaputaputa No. 1, Block VIII, Longwood 152 2 18 29th Jan., 1931. No. 2 „ „ 185 1 20 N.Z. Gazette, 5th Feb., No. 3a „ „ 53 3 32 1931. No. 3b 1 „ „ 21 0 37 No. 3b 2a „ „ 60 0 4 No. 3b 2b „ ,, 15 0 0 No. 3b 2c „ „ 31 1 10 Sections 1-34, Wakapatu Native Township 8 1 34 Sections 6-7, Block VIII, Longwood (Cemetery Reserves) .. .. .. .. 2 0 0 Total .. .. .. 1,266 2 35

PLANS 1 to 4 TOKERAU

PLAN 5

MOTATAU BASE FARM.

PLAN 6

NORTH AUCKLAND LAND DISTRICT

PLAN 7

NORTH AUCKLAND LAND DIST. WAIPIPI PARISH Franklin County

PLAN 8

ONEWHERO DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 9.

WAAHI (HUNTLY) DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 10

PLAN 10. KAWHIA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PART PLAN 10.

Part KAWHIA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PART PLAN 10

Blocks comprised in Part KAWHIA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME, BLOCK VI, KAWHIA NORTH SURVEY DISTRICT.

PLAN 11

Blocks comprised in TE KUITI-OPARURE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 11

Blocks comprised in TE KUITI-OPARURE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 12

AUCKLAND LAND DIST. Waitomo Cnty.

MAHOENUI DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 13,

PLAN 14.

Blocks comprised in WAIMIHA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

Locality Plan NATIVE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES in the WAIARIKI DISTRICT.

PLAN 15

WAIPAPA BUSH DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PART OF HOROHORO DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 16, SHEET 2

PART OF HOROHORO DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 16. SHEET 3

Part of HOROHORO DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLANS 17 AND 18

PEKA AND PAREKARANGI DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES.

PLAN 18.

PEKA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 19

MOUREA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 20

TAHEKE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 21, SHEET 1

MAKETU DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 21, SHEET 2

PART MAKETU DEVELOPMENT SCHEME, Rangiuru 2A Subdivisions.

PLAN 21, SHEET 2

PART MAKETU DEVELOPMENT SCHEME, Rangiuru 2A Subdivisions.

PLAN 22.

TAURANGA D. S.

PLAN 23

Portion NGATIAWA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 23a.

LOCALITY PLAN.

PLAN 24,

RUATOKI DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 24, SHEET 2

RUATOKI DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 25.

RUATAHUNA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME GALATEA (Lands Dept.)

PLAN 26, SHEET 1, AND PLAN 27

WHAKATOHEA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME, including Opape Base Farm (Ferguson's), comprising the OPAPE BLOCKS, OPOTIKI COUNTY.

WHAKATOHEA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME, comprising the OPAPE BLOCKS, OPOTIKI COUNTY.

PLAN 28.

TORERE DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 29

TE KAHA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

LOCALITY PLAN of Schemes.

PLAN 30

TAKATAHU DEVELOPMENT SCHEME. or WHETUMATARAU No. 5 and 6

PART PLAN 31

Part of POROPORO CROWN SECTIONS (Enoka Rukuata) BUSH AREA in Section 5, Block VIII, Mangaoparo Survey District.

PT PLAN S

Part of POROPORO CROWN SECTIONS (J. Manuel) BUSH AREA Section 10, Block VIII, Mangaporo Survey District.

PLAN 31, SHEET 1

Part of WAIAPU-MATAKAOA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME. Showing BUSH AREAS in Taputu-Waitangirua South-east Part 2b Block.

PLAN 31, SHEET 2

Part of TOETOE BLOCK. Showing Part Lot 4, Marangairoa 1b 4 Block.

PLAN 31, SHEET

Part of TIKITIKI 1b. Showing BUSH AREAS.

PLAN 31. SHEET 4

Part of TIKITIKI 1c. Showing BUSH AREAS.

PART PLAN 32.

POROPORO A14 and A 1. Blocks VII, VIII, XI, and XII, Mangaoparo Survey District. POROPORO DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PART PLAN 32

POROPORO DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PART PLAN 33

TUPAROA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME WAITEKAHA A3 TUPAROA CONSOLIDATION.

PART PLAN 33.

TUPAROA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME Ahi a te Atua and Totaranui Blocks TUPAROA CONSOLIDATION.

PLAN 33.

TUPARO A DEVELOPMENT SCHEME, WAIARANGA A3.

PART PLAN 33

TUPAROA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 34'

WAIHUA BLOCK.

PLAN 35.

Plan of RANANA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME

PLAN 36.

TOKAANU DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 37

HERETAUNGA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 38.

MANAWATU DEVELOPMENT SCHEME

PLAN 39

WAIRAU N. R. BLOCK XII, CLOUDY BAY SURVEY DISTRICT.

PLAN 41

KAWHAKAPUTAPUTA RESERVE No. 185 AND HALF-CASTE CLAIMS, Blocks VIII and VI, Longwood Survey District.

PLAN 40, SHEET 1.

ORAKA DEVELOPMENT SCHEME.

PLAN 40, SHEET 2

Plan of N.R. No. 184 Oraka Native Res. being Part Block XI Longwood Dist.