REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1930. [In continuation of E.-1, 1930.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1931 Session I-II, E-01

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1981. NE W ZEAL A N D.

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1930. [In continuation of E.-1, 1930.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTENTS. Page Page Introductory and General .. .. 2 Primary Education —continued. Cost of Education .. .. .. 3 Applicants for Probationerships .. .. 20 School Buildings . . .. .. 3 Supply of Teachers .. .. .. .. 20 Pupils in Attendance at Educational Institutions .. 5 Training of Teachers .. .. .. .. 20 Kindergartens .. .. .. 6 Grading of Teachers .. .. .. .. 21 Primary Education — Status of Teachers in regard to Certificates .. 21 Number of Schools .. .. .. 6 Native Schools .. .. .. 22 Enrolment and Attendance .. . . . . 7 j un j or Hi»h Schools .. .. .. .. 23 Age and Classification of Pupils .. .. 8 Secondary Education !! " " ..24 Special Classes for Backward Children . . . . 13 Technical Education .. ... .. .. 28 Elimination of Large Classes .. . . 13 Child Welfare .. .. .. .. 29 Pupils leaving School .. . . "J! University Education " . . .. .. 30 Destination of Pupils .. . . 15 Registered Private Schools .. . . . . 16 General-— Consolidation of Schools .. . . .16 .School Music • • Correspondence School 17 Annual Examinations 31 Physical Education 17 Teachers Superannuation 32 Manual Instruction 17 Subsidy to Public Libraries 32 Staffing of Primary Schools .. . . .18 Appendix—Details of Expenditure for Year ended Teachers' Salaries .. .. .. ..19 31st March, 1931 .. .. •• ..33

Office of the Department of Education, Your Excellency,— Wellington, 31st August, 1931. I have the honour, in accordance with the provisions of the Education Act, 1914, to submit to Your Excellency the following report upon the progress and condition of public education in New Zealand during the year ending the 31st December, 1930. I have, &c., Harry Atmore. His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand.

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EE POET. INTRODUCTORY AND GENERAL. The principal educational event of the year was the publication of a report by the parliamentary Select Committee on Education. The Committee, which commenced its sittings towards the end of 1929, completed its work early the following year, and presented its report to Parliament in July. The report dealt with all phases of education, and was on the whole well received. Although the prevailing financial depression has made it exceedingly difficult to give effect to a number of the recommendations made by the Committee, the report has roused deep interest on the part of all sections of the community interested in education, and has already borne fruit in the increasing attention that is being given, to mention only two things, to methods of decreasing administrative costs and to the broadening of the curriculum of secondary schools. The time is now past for the community to be satisfied with the narrow academic type of secondary education which for many years was the only type available in this country for pupils entering secondary schools. In a previous report attention was directed to the marked tendency of the modern secondary school to draw nearer to the technical high school. The two types of school can never be the same, except through complete amalgamation, as it would clearly be impossible to equip every secondary school in. the expensive manner necessary for the successful organization of vocational instruction. Where amalgamation does not take place it will still be desirable for those pupils desiring to prepare for industrial pursuits to enrol at a teshnical school and for those who desire secondary education of a broad and general type with or without a definite bias towards University training to enter the ordinary secondary schools. In an amalgamated post-primary school —that is, a school providing both technical and academic courses —there will be much less danger of pupils embarking on the wrong course than there is when there are separate technical and secondary schools. It may be anticipated, therefore, that the type of amalgamation inaugurated when the New Plymouth Boys' High School and the Technical School were converted into one school is likely to find increasing support in this country. An effort was made to reduce the size of classes in primary schools by appointing a large number of additional assistant teachers. Unfortunately, however, this much-needed reform was hindered by lack of money, and the staffs had to revert to the former standard. As soon as the financial depression passes, further progress in this direction will be possible. There are more than sufficient teachers available for the purpose, as the Department, in determining the number of entrants to the training colleges, took into account the need for more liberal school staffing. It is much to be regretted that so many young teachers must necessarily remain unemployed until the financial position becomes easier ; but Education Boards are doing their best to afford relief by rationing temporary work. The situation cannot be met by admitting fewer teachers for training, as the number of student teachers accepted in any one year must depend on the staff needs five years afterwards, since the period of training occupies four years. While it is impossible to forecast the financial position with absolute accuracy so many years ahead, there appears every prospect that the situation will soon become more normal, and that material educational progress will again become possible.

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It will be noted in the various sections of this report dealing specifically with the various branches of the Department's activities that the correspondence school continues to increase in popularity and usefulness ; the child welfare work has increased and is likely to become more costly, very largely as the result of the lack of employment for boys and girls as well as for those responsible for their maintenance ; the education of mentally backward children is being successfully carried on in special classes ; and steady progress is being made towards improving the physique of school-children through the medium of an improved system of physical instruction. Cost of Education. The appendix to this report shows in detail, under various headings, the expenditure on education during the financial year ended 31st March, 1931. The total expenditure, including endowment revenue, amounted to £4,174,855, as against £4,138,577 in the previous year, an increase of £36,278. If from the total sum of £4,174,855 expended on education in 1930-31 is deducted the sum of £501,344 spent on buildings, the net amount remaining is £3,673,511, which is equivalent to £2 9s. 3d. per head of the mean population of New Zealand (1,492,376) for the year 1930. The cost per head in the previous year, excluding cost of buildings, was £2 10s. 2d. The expenditure per head of mean population on the main branches of education in 1930 was (exclusive of expenditure on new buildings) as follows : Primary, £l lis. 7d. ; secondary, ss. 4d. ; technical, 3s. ; higher education, Is. Bd. School Buildings and Sites. The Department has continued to provide additional accommodation where the attendance has increased and where new districts have become more closely settled. Where possible, out-of-date buildings have been improved, and some of the older buildings have been replaced. During recent years the Department has given special consideration to the question of open-air classrooms. The opinions of health authorities and Inspectors of Schools have been sought and carefully considered, and different types of rooms have been experimented with. Health statistics have been obtained regarding children housed in open-air rooms and compared with similar statistics from schools of the ordinary fresh-air type. In general, it has been a matter of difficulty to state that one type gives better health results than the other. While the open-air classroom gives an out-of-door feeling and enables the buildings to be rapidly evacuated, some difficulties are experienced when large schools are housed in separate openair rooms ; for instance, an exceptionally large site is needed when several separate classrooms are scattered over it, and the headmaster does not find supervision so easy. The experiment has, however, proved of great interest both to educationists and to the medical profession, and the erection of further buildings of this type is contemplated in suitable localities. The 1931 Finance Act (No. 2) repealed the Education Purposes Loans Act, 1919, and abolished the Education Loans Account. Amounts required for the erection of school buildings will now be paid out of the Public Works Fund as appropriated by Parliament for the purpose. The expenditure last year included the completion of additional accommodation at Brooklyn (Wellington) and Southbridge (Canterbury) ; and new schools have been provided at Russell Street (Palmerston North), Picton, Eketahuna, Miramar Central (Wellington), and at Geraldine (Canterbury). Additions have been made to the technical schools at Auckland, Hamilton, Hawera, Wellington, and Invercargill; also to the Hastings High School, Rongotai Boys' College, and Wellington East Girls' College.

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Large works are in progress at the Central School, New Plymouth; Miramar Central (Infant School), Karori West, and Te Aro, Wellington ; Timaru South, Blackball, Canterbury; Takaka, Nelson; Kurow, and. at North-east Harbour, Otago. Additional accommodation is being provided at the Christchurch Training College, Rangiora High School, Takapuna Grammar School, Petone and G-reymouth Technical Schools. Hostel accommodation is being erected at the Wanganui Technical School, Nelson Boys' College (where the dormitory accommodation was completely destroyed by earthquake), and New Plymouth Boys' High School; and the Massey Agricultural College main building is nearing completion. Native schools have been improved, particularly in regard to sanitary conveniences. During the year under review the Government Fire Insurance Fund was called on to provide £6,671 for the replacement and repair of schools destroyed or damaged by fire. Owing to the recent disastrous earthquake in Hawke's Bay a considerable sum will be required to restore school buildings in that district. In Napier the partially completed Girls' High School and the new technical school were extensively damaged, and the old technical school collapsed. The Nelson Park and Central Schools, Napier, and the Hastings West School were so badly damaged that their demolition was necessary. A three-roomed brick school at Greenmeadows collapsed, and the Hastings High School and Boys' High School, Napier, were also damaged. Practically the whole of the schools in the earthquake area suffered more or less. New schools in wood are now being erected at Hastings West, Napier Central, and Nelson Park, and good progress is being made with necessary repairs to all other schools. The following table shows for the year ended 31st March, 1931, the amount expended by the Department on new buildings, additions, sites, and teachers' residences :— £ Public schools .. .. .. .. .. 202,229 Secondary schools . . . . . . 125,742 Technical schools . . . . . . . . • ■ 77,729 Training colleges . . . . . . . . . . 9,080 Universities . . . . . . . . • • 241 Native schools .. .. .. .. •• 8,872 Schools for mentally backward . . . . . . 5,110 Child-welfare institutions . . . . . . ■ . 1,660 School for the Deaf Kindergartens .. .. .. .. 1,747 Massey Agricultural College . . . . . . 68,825 Canterbury Agricultural College . . . . . . 109 Total .. .. .. •• £501,344 In arriving at these figures, credits-in-aid have first been deducted.

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Pupils in Attendance at Educational Institutions. The following table shows the number of persons, by ages, who, on the Ist July, 1930, were receiving instruction at recognized educational institutions in New Zealand. The figures are exclusive of students in attendance at University colleges and of children in attendance at free and private kindergarten schools :—

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m , , Children. Adolescents. Adults. Total Type of School. N ™ be^ in I i ... J ' : "j } : ! . ' | - "• : | " I ance Under 10-11 11-12 12-13 ! 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 ! 21 Years 10 Years. Years. Years. Years, j Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years, j Years. Years. j and over. Public primary schools .. .. 209,104 118,525 24,889 21,686 20,900 15,627 6,009 1,317 128 21 1 1 Special classes for backward children.. 484 141 57 75 80 79 39 9 3 1 Native schools .. .. .. 7,047 3,875 731 667 704 627 334 95 11 3 Junior high schools .. .. 2,420 .. 78 442 764 712 334 82 6 2 Secondary departments of district high 4,636 .. .. 18 204 1,067 1,472 1,098 520 214 37 5 1 schools Secondary schools and endowed schools 16,990 .. 1 75 689 3,218 4,540 4,029 2,625 1,318 441 46 7 1 Secondary schools —lower departments 336 77 51 46 52 48 42 19 1 Technical high and day schools .. 8,002 .. .. 10 304 1,802 2,667 2,020 843 250 67 14 8 17 Technical classes (part-time students at 11,829 .. .. .. 77 189 905 1,733 2,214 2,028 1,432 904 604 1,743 day and night classes) ! Private primary schools .. .. 26,083 13,450 3,096 2,847 2,939 2,183 1,077 353 84 34 8 7 2 3 Private secondary schools .. .. 3,897 .. 8 121 j 593 976 943 702 394 129 25 3 3 Training colleges .. .. ..1,155 .. .. .. .. I .. .. .. .. 17 137 300 345 356 Schools for the mentally backward .. 252 24 19 24 19 25 17 20 14 13 17 8 5 47 School for the Deaf .. .. 113 40 12 11 7 14 9 13 6 j .. .. .. 1 Institute for the Blind .... 26 5 3 3 1 3 2 1 2 4 2 Grand totals .. .. 292,374 136,137 28,934 25,912 26,863 26,185 18,424 11,733 7,158 4,296 2,274 1,312 975 2,171 I 1-- '

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KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS. During the year no change was made in the Department's policy in regard to kindergartens. The establishment of kindergartens has, as in the past, been left to the recognized kindergarten associations, and the associations have been able to carry on their activities through the aid of the Department in providing financial assistance by way of subsidy and capitation. An association must satisfy the Department that its business is not conducted for private profit, that a school for which recognition is sought is necessary in the district in which it is situated, that the building and equipment are suitable, and that the teaching staff is adequate and the instruction efficient. In addition, no fees can be charged for pupils attending a recognized kindergarten school. Capitation payable is limited to £4 for each pupil in average attendance, and £l ss. for every £l raised by voluntary contributions and expended on the maintenance of the schools during any year. In addition, subsidies not exceeding £l for £l were paid on voluntary contributions raised by an association and expended on buildings, sites, and equipment approved by the Minister of Education. During 1930 eight associations were recognized by the Department, and a sum of £5,243 was paid as capitation and £1,747 as building subsidy. The number of pupils in attendance at schools conducted in 1930 by the recognized associations, and the average attendance of such pupils, were as follows : — . . . Number of Pupils 011 Roll at Average Attendance, Association. Schools. end of 1930. 1930. Auckland . . . . . . 8 469 335 Hastings . . . - .. .. 1 36 30 Hutt Valley .. .. 1 75 60 Wellington .. .. ..7 379 308 Blenheim .. . . . . 1 48 36 Ckristcliurch .. .. .. 6 346 263 Dunedin .. .. .. 6 320 253 Invercargill .. .... 2 80 63 Totals 32 1,753 1,348

PRIMARY EDUCATION. Number op Public Schools. The number of public schools open at the end of 1930 was 2,593, four less than in the previous year. In the following table the schools are classified according to their grade, and the yearly average attendance and the number of children per teacher are shown.

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Total Average Average Number of Schools.* r —"* ; ■" £2 — ©iS ——fe"' ' Number of Tange 0 of SC Av 0 e°rage d Mmary De P artment - Departmllt.t Totals ' Attendance. " "^TPrlrrf* In each In each In each In each In each In each In each In each - Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. 0 (1-8) .. 247 247 1,468 1,468 .. .. 1,468 j 1,468 6 1 (9-20) .. 785 785 11,459 11,459 .. .. 11,459 11,459 15 II (21-35) .. 491 491 13,429 13,429 .. .. 13,429 13,429 24 TTTa (36-50) .. 296 1 f 12,522 "] f .. 1 f 12,522 ~] f 22 IIIb 51-80) .. 263 V 16,307 41,875-! 52 )- 152-{ 16,359 )■ 42,027<i 30 IIIc (81-120) .. 138 j I 13,046 J L 100 J I 13,146 J I 31 IVa (121-160) .. 76 "1 f 11,052 1 f 334 1 f 11,386 1 IVB 161-200) .. 32 > 142< 5,833 |> 443 6,276 }■ 25,368 34 IVc (201-240) .. 34 j L 7,184 J I 522 j I 7,706 J Va (241-280) .. 27 1 f 7,222 1 f 435 ] f 7,657 1 VB 281-320) .. 23 y 79<| 6,734 437 7,171 )■ 25,127 43 Vo (321-360) .. 29 j I 9,974 J I 325 J I 10,299 J VIa (361-400) .. 21 ~] f 7,963 1 f 418 ] f 8,381 VIB 401-440) .. 20 > 8,842 V 23,036<! 418 M,046<! 9,260 J- 24,082 45 Vic (441-480) .. 14 J 1 6,231 J I 210 J I 6,441 J VIIa (481-520) .. 20 1 f 10,016 °) f 85 1 f 10,101 1 VIIb (521-560) .. 23 11,646 .. 11,646 VIIc (561-600) .. 20 11,371 122 11,493 VTTn (601-640) .. 7 4,333 307 4,640 VHE (641-680) .. 12 7,723 .. 7,723 VIIf (681-720) .. 9 1 9 J 6,299 I 60 07 J •• I 514 J 6,299 I s6 588 42 VIIg (721-760) .. 2 r J 1,513 f 1 .. f ] 1,513 f VIlH (761-800) .. 3 2,323 .. 2,323 VIIi (801-840) .... ■■ VIIJ (841-880) .. 1 850 .. 850 VIlK (881-920) .... VIIL (921-960) .. I •• J I •• J I •• J Totals 1930 2 593 2,593 195,340 195,340 4,208 4,208 199,548 199,548 31 Totals, 1929 .. -2,591 2,597 195,359 195,359 4,014 4,014 199,373 199,373 31 "Difference .. —4 | —4 —19 —19 +194 +194 +175 i +175 * Half-time, main, and side schools are counted as separate schools. . , , f The average attendance shorn under this heading is the average attendance for the year ended 31st August, 1930, computed and adjusted in accordance with the regulations governing the staffing of schools. The unadjusted total average attendance for the year ended 31st December, 1930, was—primary departments, 195,165; and secondary departments, 4,229. t This refers to secondary classes conducted mainly in rural areas m district high schools—that is, m primary schools to which are a e ac^Jr8 a 'j X , co unted as class-teachers up to and including Grade V schools that are not district high schools.

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From the foregoing table it will be seen that 1,523 schools, or more than half the total number, each had an average attendance of less than thirty-six pupils. These schools are sole-teacher schools, and the total average attendance at such schools in 1930 was 26,356. Eliminating from the above table the details in respect to sole-teacher schools, the position regarding the remaining schools may be summarized as in the following table. For the purpose of comparison the average numbers of children per adult teacher in 1929 are given in parentheses.

Enrolment and Attendance. The total enrolment in public primary schools (including junior high schools conducted by the Auckland Education Board) at the end of the year 1930 was 216,698, a decrease of 1,263 when compared with the figures for the previous year. Regularity of Attendance.—The regularity of attendance has continued at a highly satisfactory figure, the average attendance for the year 1930 being 92-2 per cent, of the average weekly roll number, an increase of 1-3 per cent, over the figure for the previous year. The Nelson Education District, with 93-1 per cent., had the highest degree of regularity, but the figures for all districts are creditable, in no case falling below 91-5 per cent. The relative responsibilities of the nine Education Boards may be gauged from the following figures, which are exclusive of the secondary departments of district high schools, but inclusive of the junior high schools conducted by the Auckland Education Board,:—-

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Total Average Average Attendance? ° f ( Primar y-) Adult leacher. * Grades III-YII (two or more teachers) .. .. .. .. 168,984 36 (36) Grades Y-VII (six or more teachers) .. .. .. .. 103,040 43 (42) All schools (Grades 0-VII) .. .. .. .. .. 195,340 31 (31) * Head teaeliers are counted as class teachers up to and including Grade V schools that are not district high schools.

Enrolment. Education District. | | Percentage Schools, 1930. 1925. 1930. i Increase, Five Years. i " ; r Auckland .. .. .. 65,070 66,990 3 779 1,954 Taranaki .. .. .. 11,474 11,959 4 170 376 Wanganui .. .. .. 17,218 16,610 —4 218 508 Hawke's Bay .. .. 16,277 16,345 * 198 494 Wellington.. .. .. 26,972 28,514 6 262 786 Nelson .. .. .. 7,143 6,929 —3 137 250 Canterbury .. .. 36,887 36,753 * 390 1,070 Otago .. .. .. 21,360 20,603 -4 251 617 Southland .. .. .. 12,323 11,995 —3 188 378 Totals .. .. j 214,724 216,698 1 2,593 6,433 * No significant percentage.

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Age and Classification of Pupils receiving Primary Education in Public Schools at 1st July, 1930 (up to and including Standard IV).

Age and Classification of Pupils receiving Primary Instruction in Private Primary Schools and the Lower Departments of Secondary Schools as at 1st July, 1930 (up to and including Standard IV).

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for Backward 3 Class P. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Totals. Ages. 0hildren - — Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 5 and under 6 1 6 10,319 9,380 1 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 10,321 9,388 6 7 5 6 11,59510,483 579 723 8 11 .. 1 .. .. 12,187 11,224 7 " 8 10 10 6,954 5,560 4,967 5,338 721 940 19 23 .. .. 12,671 11,871 8 " 9 24 8 2,190 1,594 5.339 4,532 4,907 5,319 830 1,078 18 3313,30812,564 q " 10 48 23 537 342 2,094 1,415 4,997 4,257 4,592 4,860 842 1,05813,11011,955 , 0 " u 28 29 184 125 603 376 2,239 1,586 4,915 4,558 4,216 4,50612,18511,180 H " 12 49 26 58 43 176 112 639 395 2,263 1,725 4,231 3,827 7,416 6,128 ,o " 13 46 34 29 26 75 50 188 127 897 622 2,424 1.994 3,659 2,853 ,o " 14 <5Q 26 9 6 34 19 62 51 326 202 1,063 768 1,547 1,072 14 " 15 23 16 3 1 11 8 17 17 63 43 279 157 396 242 15 " 16 5 4 .. 1 1 1 4 5 10 10 45 16 65 37 16 ;; i? 3 1 2 2.. 3 5 9 7 17 „18 1 1 } 1 18 „19 1 _j 1 '• Totals .. 296 188 31,878 27,561 13,88012,57613,78312,71013,91713,12213,12212,365 86,876 78,522 Median age in 11 8 11 6 6 6 6 5 8 3 8 6 9 3 9 0 10 4 10 2 11 4 11 2 years and months of pupils in each class

Class P. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Totals. Ages. — ' 1 Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 5 and under 6 .. .. 1,089 1,179 .. 2 .. .. .. 1,080 1,181 « 7 .. ] 151 1,273 67 112 .. 3 1 1,219 1,388 7 8 .. 710 746 470 615 79 111 6 5 .. 1 1,265 1,478 o " o . 211 197 579 598 474 613 87 133 3 7 1,354 1,548 q " in 52 42 231 214 546 614 469 593 96 132 1,394 1,595 in " 11 18 8 57 67 292 259 593 704 404 558 1,364 1,596 ? " 12 " 8 3 26 18 67 76 308 311 506 634 915 1,042 19 "n ..1 15 5 23 22 107 107 331 350 476 485 }q " 14 " 3 3 7 6 39 38 132 111 181 158 A " 15 " .... 2 1.. 9 12 35 31 45 45 ig " i6 :: 2 3 4 4 n 7 n 6 " 7 1 •• 3 14 1 1? ;; is 2 1 .. 3 .. 18 „ 19 1 0 19 „ 20 2 1 20 „ 21 •• •• 9 •' 21 years and over .. •. • • • • • • • • 1 • • 1 Totals .. .. 3,239 3,449 1,449 1,636 1,492 1,706 1,626 1,907 1,515 1,836 9,321 10,534 Median age in years and 66 65 84 82 94 9 2 10 530 411 6114 months of pupils in each class

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Age and Classification of Pupils receiving Primary Education in Native Village Schools at 1st July, 1930 (up to and including Standard IV).

Age and Classification of Pupils receiving Primary Education in Public Schools at 1st July, 1930, who were receiving Instruction in Advance of Standard IV.

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Class P. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Totals. Ages. — ; ' " Boys. I Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. ' I | : 5 and under 6 .. 281 285 281 285 6 „ 7 410 401 .. 4 410 405 7 " 8 388 394 39 44 9 2 436 440 8 9 .. 280 228 123 124 24 40 3 11 1 430 404 9 " 10 .. 133 104 138 130 108 97 16 43 7 8 402 382 10 " 11 54 48 109 84 117 106 61 91 27 28 368 357 11 " 12 21 14 46 35 87 81 107 115 57 56 318 301 12 13 2 3 24 17 59 ' 41 98 81 115 106 298 248 13 " 14 4 6 9 12 20 17 75 39 89 89 197 163 14 " 15 1 1 5 2 13 6 17 18 33 23 69 50 is ;; i6 :: 2 .. 2 275 n 7 16 „ 17 • • • • 1 1 17 „ 18 •• Totals .. 1,576 1,484 495 452 437 390 378 400 335 316 3,221 3,042 Median age in years 7 3 7 2 9 7 9 5 10 8 10 6 12 0 11 6 12 8 12 7 and months of pupils in each class i: ? ' ■■ ' : ■

(Note. —Pupils from primary classes in district high schools are included.) __ | - — . j Form I, Form II. Form III. Totals. Ages. * : 1 | Boys. ! Girls. Boys. | Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys. Girls. I 8 and under 9 . . . • • • • • • • • • • • * * ' * * * 9 10 ' .. • • 36 31 36 31 10 11 .. 706 810 32 33 .. .. 738 843 11 " 12 .. .. 3,325 3,621 588 677 3 3 3,916 4,301 12 " 13 .. .. 4,151 4,091 2,858 3,304 19 45 7,028 7,440 13 " 14 2,724 2,167 3,999 4,001 87 109 6,810 6,277 14 " 15 .. .. 951 555 2,221 1,531 81 71 3,253 2,157 15 " 16 201 66 595 312 25 25 821 403 16 17 " :: 19 3 55 27 7 4 81 34 17 " 18 .. .. 1 •• II 2 3 2 15 4 18 „ 19 •• •• 1 •• 19 „ 20 .. 1 • • * •• Totals •• 12,115 11,344 10,359 9,887 226 259 22,700 21,490 Median age in years and months of 126 124 135 13 3 141 139 pupils in each class

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Age and Classification of Pupils who were in Private Primary Schools and the Lower Departments of Secondary Schools as at 1st July, 1930, and who were receiving Instruction in Advance of Standard IV.

Age and Classification of Pupils receiving Primary Education in Native Village Schools at 1st July, 1930, who were receiving Instruction in Advance of Standard IV.

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— ■ _____ : ; Form ]. Form II. Form III. Totals. Ages. — ! Boys, j Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls, j Boys. Girls. 8 and under 9 .. . . 1 .. .. .. 1 . . .. 1 I 9 „ 10 .. .. 7 6 1 1 8 7 10 „ 1] .. .. 77 102 6 2 .. 83 104 11 „ 12 .. .. 309 493 73 61 .. .. 382 554 12 „ 13 .. .. 560 677 341 446 4 2 905 1,125 13 „ 14 .. .. 366 367 523 616 11 9 900 992 14 „ 15 .. .. 119 116 332 438 10 14 461 568 15 „ 16 .. .. 34 33 119 149 2 11 155 193 16 „ 17 .. .. 13 3 17 39 .. 8 30 50 17 „ 18 .. .. 2 1 7 2 2 17 11 20 IS Jt '. 19 „ .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 6 1 6 19 „ 20 .. 3 1 1 4 1 2 21 .. l i i i 21 years and over .. . . .. .. . . .. 1 .. 1 Totals .. .. i ,488 1,798 1,422 1,754 33 69 2,943 3,621 Median age in years and months of 12 5 12 5 13 7 13 7 14 2 15 11 .. j pupils in each class

Form I. Form II. Form III. Totals. Ages. ' —: ——j T Boys. 1 Girls. Boys. | Girls. Boys. I Girls. Boys. Girls. • i .. i ! | and under 9 .. ...... 1 9. „ io ;; ;; " ;; ;; 10 „11 .. .. 4 2 .. .. .. .. 4 2 11 „12 .. .. 25 13 4 6 .. 29 19 12 „ 13 .. .. 57 68 15 16 1 1 73 85 13 „ 14 .. .. 96 74 44 46 4 3 144 123 14 „ 15 .. 52 42 57 50 6 8 115 100 15 „ 16 .. 13 16 20 20 4 4 37 40 16 „ 17 .. .. 1 2 3 2 2 4 6 17 „ 18 1 .. 2 3 Totals .. .. .. 248 218 143 142 15 18 406 378 Median age in years and months of 13 5 13 4 14 2 14 1 14 6 14 8 pupils in each, class

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Age and Classification of Pupils in Attendance at Junior High Schools at 1st July, 1930, who were receiving Instruction in Advance of Standard IV.

Age and Classification of Pupils who were in Secondary Schools and Endowed Schools (exclusive of Lower Departments) at 1st July, 1930, and who were receiving Full-time Secondary Education.

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Form I. | Form II. j Form III. Totals. Ages. : 1 Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls, j Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Under 11 years .. .. 35 43 .. .. .. .. 35 43 11 and under 12 .. .. 219 176 24 23 .. .. 243 199 12 „ 13 .. .. 244 164 164 179 5 8 413 351 13 „ 14 .. .. 144 72 234 203 27 32 405 307 14 „ 15 .. .. 51 15 113 86 32 37 196 138 15 „ 16 .. .. 8 4 34 9 18 9 60 22 16 „ 17 1113 2 4 17 „ 18 2 2 Totals .. .. 701 474 572 501 83 89 1,356 1,064 Median age in years and montiis 12 5 12 1 13 5 13 3 14 4 14 2 of pupils in each class

Form III. Form IV. | Form V. Form VI. Totals. Ages. h j .|" ■■■' " . Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. j Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 10 and under 11 .. 1 . ■ ■ • ■ • • ■ ■ • • • • • 1 11 „ 12 .. .. 38 36 1 39 36 12 „ 13 .. 329 315 27 16 2 358 331 13 „ 14 .. .. 1,240 1,280 355 312 21 10 .. .. 1,616 1,602 14 „ 15 .. .. 1,048 943 1,020 1,016 299 199 14 1 2,381 2,159 15 , 16 .. ..429 282 994 790 710 728 59 37 2,192 1,837 16 17 .. .. 76 36 348 175 996 673 189 132 1,609 1,016 17 18 . .. 9 3 46 21 540 298 242 159 837 481 18 ' 19 .. 13 3 162 62 113 " 88 288 153 19 20 .. 10 7 17 12 27 19 20 „ 21 .. 5 11 6 1 Over 21 years .. . . .. .. .. • ■ • • ■ • • • 1 • • 1 Totals .. .. 3,170 2,895 2,804 2,333 2,745 1,977 635 431 9,354 7,636 Median age in years and 14 0 13 10 15 0 14 10 16 4 16 1 17 3 17 3 months of pupils in each class

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Age and Classification of Pupils who were in Registered Private Secondary Schools at 1st July, 1930, and who were receiving Full-time Secondary Education.

Age and Classification of Pupils on Rolls of Secondary Departments of District High Schools as at 1st July, 1930.

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Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Ages. : Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 10 and under 11 11 „ 12 .. .. 6 2 6 2 12 „ 13 .. .. 50 65 3 3 53 68 13 „ 14 .. .. 203 278 58 48 5 1 .. 266 327 14- 15 .. .. 242 286 172 217 27 31 1 441 535 15 " 16 .. .. 87 122 169 289 110 143 12 11 378 565 16 17 .. 38 33 92 121 156 202 32 28 318 384 17 " 18 ..5 5 35 49 71 125 35 69 146 248 18 " 19 . . 8 4 32 34 21 30 61 68 19 „ 20 .. .. 2 2 9 3 6 3 19 6 20 „ 21 .. .. 1 1 1 3 Over 21 years .. . . 1 ■ ■ 1 • • 1 ■ ■ ■ ■ • • 3 Totals .. ., 635 791 541 731 412 539 106 142 1,694 2,203 Median age in years and 14 3 |14 2 15 3 15 4 16 5 16 6 17 3 17 5 months of pupils in each class '

(Note. —Pupils in Forms I and II receiving primary instruction are excluded.) .Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Ages. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 10 and under 11 . . 11 „ 12 .. .. 9 9 9 9 12 „ 13 .. .. 89 104 6 5 95 109 13 14 .. .. 435 425 98 91 8 10 .. 541 526 14 , 15 .. ..434 373 282 258 65 59 1 782 690 15 16 . .. 160 123 232 249 170 148 5 11 567 531 16 17 .. 22 18 79 91 154 125 13 18 268 252 17 " 18 .. .. 1 9 19 72 66 20 27 102 112 18 „ 19 .. .. 1 .. 1 •• 11 11 6 7 19 18 19 „ 20 .. 1 1 2 1 1 4 20 „ 21 .. .. 1 •• 1 Over 21 years Totals .. .. 1,151 1,052 707 714 481 421 46 64 2,385 2,251 Median age in years and 14 1 14 0 14 11 15 0 16 0 16 0 17 3 17 2 months of pupils in each class

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Age and Classification of Pupils. The following tables show the percentage distribution of pupils amongst the various classes and age-groups in primary schools at Ist July, 1930.

Special Classes foe Backward Children. The work of the special classes has been continued in a satisfactory manner during the year, and must eventually prove of very great social service. On Ist July, 1930, there were 484 children (296 hoys and 188 girls) enrolled in classes established for backward children. A quickening of interest in school games and sports has been manifest in the special classes, and here the pupils are able *to meet those from other school classes on more favourable terms. With the aid of the Mental Hospitals Department, an examination of all special-class children has shown that some pupils would receive no benefit from tuition in such a class. The removal of these children from special classes thus renders the teaching more effective. In several centres after-care committees have been formed and are doing useful work in placing special-class pupils in suitable employment. Every care is taken by means of psychological tests to ensure that the pupils take up the class of occupation they" are most fitted for. In the Christchurch centre the University College gives most valued assistance in this connection. Elimination oe Large Classes. Unfortunately the financial situation precluded any definite progress in the scheme for the reduction of large classes throughout the Dominion. The expenditure involved in buildings to provide the necessary accommodation for additional classes and in the appointment of additional assistants to take charge of the classes

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Percentage of Total Roll Percentage of Total Roll. « "S 'o "3 Srtgo^ ce § o o 3 © 2 2 o >>a-|oS ■ s -S Class. fc> 11 m ® £ Age Group. § I S, ® 1 sp * I I -a I * fl 1 I if I ??1 I ā £ ||| P | S |l| I | -s •& ° 2 -s pt | I I £ I I Special classes for 0-2 5 and under 6 .. 9-4 8-6 8-0 backward children 6 „ 7 .. 11-2 9-9 11-6 Primer .. .. 28-4 25-3 43-4 .. 7 „ 8 .. 11-7 10-4 12-4 Standard I .. 12-6 11-7 13-4 .. 8 „ 9 .. 12-3 11-0 11-8 II .. 12-6 12-1 11-7 .. 9 „ 10 .. 12-0 11-4 11-1 III .. 12-9 13-3 11-1 -.10 „ 11 .. 11-9 11-9 10-4 3-2 IY .. 12-2 12-7 9-3 .. 11 „ 12 .. 10-4 11-0 9-5 18-3 Form I .. 11-2 12-5 6-6 48-6 12 „ 13 .. 10-0 11-3 10-0 31-6 II .. .. 9-7 12-0 4-0 44-3 13 „ 14 .. 7-5 8-5 8-9 29-4 III .. 0-2 0-4 0-5 7-1 14 „ 15 .. 2-9 4-2 4-7 13-8 15 „ 16 .. 0-6 1-4 1-4 3-4 100-0 100-0 100-0 100-0 16 „ 17 .. 0-1 0-3 0-2 0-2 17 „ 18 .. * 0-1 * 0-1 18 „ 19 .. * * 19 „ 20 .. * * 20 „ 21 .. .. * 21 and over .. . . * 100-0 100-0 100-0 100-0 * No significant percentage.

E.—l.

would be too great to consider at present. Where it is possible to appoint an assistant with advantage, senior Inspectors have recommended the Department to approve such a course, and shortly after the commencement of the school year the number of classes with sixty children or over was down to an irreducible minimum consistent with the Department's authority for expenditure under this head. The following table shows the progress that has been made since 1924 in the elimination of large classes.

Sizes of Classes in Schools of Grade IV and over.

The extent to which improvements have been effected in the ratio of adult teachers to pupils enrolled is clearly shown by the following table. It will be noted that the rate of increase in the number of adult teachers employed has been more than twice that in the number of pupils enrolled.

Pupils and Adult Teachers in Public Schools and Forms I and II of Junior High Schools, 1920-1930.

Pupils leaving Primary Schools. In 1930, 21,715 pupils (11,120 boys and 10,595 girls) left public primary schools ; of these, 17,264, or 80 per cent., had passed Standard VI, and 4,451, or 20 per cent., had not passed that standard. Amongst the 4,451 children who left without passing Standard VI were 601 children who had not attained the age of fourteen years.

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1924. February, 1931. Number of Children. Number of n , Number of 7 , ,, . Classes. Per Cent " Classes. Per Cent ' Under 31 .. .. 124 5 221 7 31-40 .. .. .. 406 16 717 24 41-50 716 28 1,164 39 51-60 .. .. .. 700 28 787 27 61 and over .. .. 573 23 83* 3 Totals .. .. 2,519 100 2,972 100 * This number would have been very substantially reduced by the appointment of additional assistant teacher if the financial situation had permitted.

Percentage Increase Percentage Increase Y ear Number of Pupils of Pupils over Number of Adult of Teachers over on Roll. Number shown for Teachers. Number shown for 1920. 1920. 1920 .. .. ... 197,645 .. 5,175 1921 205,181 3-8 5,260 1-6 1922 .. .. .. 210,491 6-5 5,465 5-6 1923 211,960 7-2 5,656 9-3 1924 .. .. .. 213,290 7-9 5,822 12-5 1925 .. .. .. 215,004 8-8 6,010 16-1 1926 .. .. .. 217,427 10-0 6,203 19-9 1927 .. .. .. 220,964 11-8 6,264 21-0 1928 219,857 11-2 6,373 23-2 1929 218,996 10-8 6,468 25-0 1930 .. .. .. 218,946 10-8 6,502 25'6

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It is interesting to note that in 1930 the diminution of primary-school roll numbers experienced during the past three years affected the numbers of children leaving school, for, as stated above, 21,715 children definitely left primary school in 1930, whereas in the previous year the number was 23,022, and in 1929 23,742. Destination op Pupils leaving Primary Schools. The Department again obtained from public schools, through the Education Boards, returns as to the destination of pupils leaving school. A summary of the returns showing the number of pupils who left last year is given in the following table :—

Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools during or at End of Year 1930.

The outstanding feature of the following table is that the percentages of pupils (boys) proceeding to various destinations on leaving primary school last year have varied from those of the past two years in so far as the two main destinations —post-primary and agricultural and pastoral—are concerned. It will be seen that an increase of 2 per cent, has been recorded under both these heads, and, moreover, under the next largest heading—home—an increase of 1 per cent, is recorded when compared with the percentage last year. In the case of girls leaving school, the most marked movement is in the increase in the percentage of those remaining at home on completion of the primary-school course. All of this goes to show that, when commercial trades and other occupations are unable to increase their activities and thus dispense with accretions in the way of staffs due to the financial depression, parents are more or less forced into choice between two alternatives regarding their children—namely, a post-primary course or remain at home. It is felt that the increase in the number of boys entering agricultural and pastoral pursuits is due to parents enlisting the aid of their sons at an earlier age than they would otherwise do if their financial position would permit them to engage outside help. Unfortunately, that very useful publication, " Careers," issued by the Department for the assistance of parents in choosing a vocation for their children was not, on account of the expense involved, published last'year.

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Totals. Had passed Had not passed Standard VI. Standard VI. Destination. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Number. „' Number. „ Per Oent. Cent. Post-primary .. .. .. 5,748 5,406 211 175 5,959 53 5,581 53 Commercial occupations— (a) Clerical (including typing) .. 57 35 14 22 71 1 57 1 (b) Shop and warehouse assistants 190 87 80 48 270 2 135 1 Trades—■ (а) Engineering .. .. 84 .. 25 .. 109 1 (б) Building .. .. 38 39 3 77 1 3 * (c) Other .. .. .. 128 28 69 29 197 2 57* Agricultural and pastoral .. 1,434 105 993 84 2,427 22 189 2 Other occupations .. .. 357 225 302 235 659 6 460 4 Home .. .. .. 657 2,473 378 1,394 1,035 9 3,867 36 Not known .. .. .. 127 85 189 161 316 3 246 3 Total number of children leaving 8,820 2,300 2,151 ! 11,120 100 10,595 100 * No significant percentage.

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Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary Schools in 1928—30 who proceeded to the various Destinations and Occupations.

Registered Private Primary Schools. The following table summarizes the returns furnished by registered private primary schools with respect to the year 1930 :

The number of schools at the end of the previous year was 302 and the total enrolment 26,977. Consolidation op Schools. The applications before the Department during the year in connection with school consolidation and the consequent closing of isolated small schools have been carefully examined. In view of the costs of suggested schemes, they have been held over in the meantime, as, although each application would, no doubt, if proceeded with, provide undoubted educational advantages, these are outweighed by the-need for reduction in expenditure.

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Boys. Girls. Destination. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1928. 1929. 1930. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent, Post-primary .. ■ ■ 51 51 53 51 53 53 Commercial occupations — (а) Clerical (including typing) 1 1 1 1 1 (б) Shop and warehouse assistants 4 4 2 3 3 1 Trades — * * * (а) Engineering 2 1 1 (б) Building ...... 1 2 1 (c) Other .. •• •• 4 4 2 1 Agricultural and pastoral .. 20 20 22 1 2 2 Other occupations .. • • 6 7 6 6 5 4 Home . 8 7 9 34 33 36 Not known .. . • • • 3 3 3 3 3 Total number of children leaving 100 100 100 100 100 100 * No significant percentage.

Undenomi- Catholic Other national Church Church Total. Schools.' Schools. Schools. | Number of schools .. • ■ • • 40 209 57 306 Ro ll_Bovs 804 10,367 1,110 12,281 Gi/ls .. .. .. .. 849 11,351 1,970 14,170 Total 1,653 21,718 3,080 26,451 Average attendance .. •• 1,497-2 19,588-1 2,830-3 23,915-6 Teachers —Men .. . . • ■ • • 30 36 114 Women . . ■ • • • 7? 648 123 848 Total 107 696 159 962

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Conveyance oe Pupils. During 1930 the question of conveying pupils to primary schools received the close attention of the Department. The policy of supplying motor-buses specially designed for the purpose has been proceeded with where the conditions show that such a course provides the most economical mode of transport. At the end of last year there were twelve motor-buses owned by the' Department conveying children to primary schools. The conveyance of school-children has presented further problems by the curtailment of train services on non-paying branch lines. The following are some figures in respect to the conveyance of children to and from schools by rail during 1930. The conveyance of pupils to schools and to manual classes by rail under the Free School Ticket Regulations issued by the Railway Department cost £24,435 for the year ending 31st March, 1931, divided as follows : Primary, £4,230 ; secondary, £7,985 ; technical, £6,064; junior high, £97 ; Native, £24; manual, £6,035. Included in this cost was £2,168 for private primary pupils, £917 for private secondary pupils, and £77 for pupils from private schools attending manual classes. Exclusive of pupils attending manual classes, the above expenditure represents the cost of conveying over 7,820 pupils to school daily. Correspondence School. At the end of the year the roll of the primary department was 860, and the secondary department 166, a total roll of 1,026. The staff consisted of the headmaster, twenty-two assistants, and seven clerical assistants. Of the forty-one pupils who sat for examination in Standard VI, forty gained proficiency certificates. The reports of the Inspectors indicated that excellent work was being done. The Postman, the magazine issued by the Correspondence School, and compiled from literary efforts of the pupils, is in itself evidence of the standard attained by pupils in the different classes. Physical Education. The work of the instructors continues to make very good progress. To supplement this work young teachers are leaving the Training Colleges with a greater knowledge of the subject and a fuller appreciation of modern methods of instruction. Again this year a specialist class of third-year students was receiving instruction at Dunedin Training College. Manual Instruction. There were 159 instructors in manual instruction in 1930, an increase of five over the previous year. Nine of these instructors were attached to junior high schools.

Full-time Classified Teachers in Manual-training Classes as at 1st July, 1930.

The average rates of salary on the Ist July, 1930, were as follows : Men, £361 ; women, £229 : average of both, £304.

3—E. 1.

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Class .. .. •• VIT. VI. V. IV. III. j II. JJ* e } _ | Totals. M V. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Division 1 • • • • 1 0 9 1 4 1 3 5 1 4 0 24 18 35 Division II .. .. 0 1 6 4 21 7 13 10 9 4 12 5 12 2 73 33 Totals .. 0 1 7 4 30 8 17 11 I 12 9 13 9 12 26 91 68 v — Y — i i. — Y — > v — Y —' l — Y —' I *• — sr— J y —y — ' y —v — ' v —v — ' Totals .'. 1 11 38 28 21 22 38 159

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During the year there were 49,698 children from 2,013 public primary schools receiving instruction in elementary agriculture, 5,318 from seventy-nine public primary schools in elementary science, also from primary and secondary schools 23,201 in woodwork, 1,584 in metalwork, and 21,772 in domestic subjects. The expenditure for these classes amounts to approximately £77,650. In addition, the cost of commercial instruction in district high schools was £2,767. Handwork materials for use in 1930 were supplied at an approximate total cost of £12,850. The cost of classes conducted by Technical School Boards is not included in the above figures. STAFFS OF PRIMAEY SCHOOLS. The number of adult teachers employed in the primary departments of public schools at the end of 1930 was 6,433 (men 2,318 ; women, 4,115), a decrease of five below the previous year. Included in the foregoing figures for adult teachers are 352 probationary assistants who were employed in public schools completing their training as teachers. The number of such assistants for the previous year was 224. In addition to adult teachers there were employed in public schools at the end of 1930 542 probationers (males, 164 ; females, 378), compared with 547 at the end of the previous year. The following table shows the number of teachers in the schools of the various grades : —

Number of Adult Teachers employed in Primary Departments of Public Schools, December, 1930.

Ratio of Men to Women Teachers.—The following table indicates the number of women for each 100 men teachers :—

It is interesting to note that since the Great War the proportion of women teachers to men teachers has steadily decreased. This decrease is apparent in all schools, and it shows that this branch of the teaching service provides positions of a sufficiently attractive nature to draw an increasing number of men.

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Sole Teachers. Head Teachers. Total Adult Teachers. Grade of School. . —' M - | F - J M. | V. M. F. M. I F. Total. Grade 0 (1-8) .. 33 187 .. .. .. .. 33 187 220 I (9-20) .. 343 404 1 .. .. 1 344 405 749 II (21-35) .. 213 207 28 26 3 56 244 289 533 „ IIIa (36-50) .. 7 13 173 97 4 276 184 386 570 „ HIb (51-80) .. 1 197 57 2 275 200 332 532 mo (81-120) .. j .. .. 121 9 9 255 130 264 394 IV (121-240) .. .. .. 133 1 109 412 242 413 655 V (241-360) .. .. .. 80 1 150 414 230 415 645 VI (361-480) 57 .. 157 388 214 388 602 „ VII (over 480) 101 .. 396 1,036 497 1,036 1,533 All grades .. 597 811 891 191 830 3,113 2,318 4,115 6,433

19!S. 1918. 1922. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. Adult teachers— All schools .. .. 193 253 197 187 183 184 177 Schools with roil 1-20 .. 323 523 299 202 185 162 157 Schools with roll over 20 176 227 182 185 182 188 181 Pupil teachers .. . . 344 425 223 * * * * Probationers .. .. 647 688 349 236 303 265 224 Training-college students . . 387 488 256 213 227 242 282 * The position of " pupil-teacher " has now been abolished.

E.—l.

In a previous section, entitled " Elimination of Large Classes," reference was made to steps that had been taken to staff the primary schools more liberally. The following figures give further evidence of what has been done in this direction during the last few years : —

Teachers' Salaries. The total amount of all salaries and allowances for the year ending on the 31st March, 1931, was £1,812,020, or £1,408 more than in the previous year. These figures do not include the equivalent of house allowance where residences are provided, estimated at £50,091, nor the additional amounts paid to head teachers for the supervision of secondary departments of district high schools. The total cost of salaries, allowances, and the equivalent of house allowance mentioned above is therefore £1,862,111. This is £8 lis. lOd. per head of the total roll number. The corresponding amount in 1929 was £8 10s. 9d. The average salaries of adult teachers (including house allowances and value of residences) in 1914 and for the last five years are shown in the following table :— Average Salaries of Primary-school Teachers. 1914. 1926. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. (1) Teachers in all schools — ££££££ (a) Men and women .. ■ • 163 280 279 280 281 281 (b) Men . • • 224 359 356 354 356 351 (c) Women .. .. ■ ■ 128 239 238 240 240 242 (2) Teachers in schools with average attendance over eight — (a) Men and women . . .. • • 285 286 287 287 288 k) Men • • • • 361 359 358 359 354 (c) Women .. .. . • .. 244 246 247 246 249 (.3) Teachers in schools with average attendance over twenty — (a) Men and women . . ■. • • 295 290 291 290 291 m Men 384 375 370 376 370 (c) Women .. .. • • .. 248 245 246 245 248 (4) Head teachers — (а) Men .. .. • • . • ■ • 443 445 444 443 441 (б) Women .. • ■ • • • • 38° 375 374 368 381 (5) All sole teachers — . (a) Men .. . • • • .. 273 278 276 279 282 (b) Women .. ■ • • ■ • • 244 239 241 242 243 (6) Assistants— (а) Men 318 310 309 313 304 (б) Women .. .. • ■ .. 230 231 233 232 233

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, T , f Number of Pupils Year u per Adult * ear - Attendance. Adult Teachers. Teacher 1925 .. •• 194,741 6,002 32-4 1926 . .. •• •• 192,588 6,183 31-1 1927 .. .. .. 192,284 6,230 30-8 1928 •• 195,411 6,341 30-8 1929 .. .. •• 195,359 6,438 30-3 1930 . .. .. •• •• •• 195,340 6,433 30-4

Certificated Male Teachers. Certificated Female Teachers. Salaries (including Allowances and —i —r — " ~~ ~ Value of Residences). Sole and Head Assistants. ™ an ? Assistants. Teachers. leacners. Not exceeding £180 .. .. 25 29 80 347 £181 to £250 .. •• 84 133 92 1,645 £251 £300 .. •• 314 85 314 329 £301 „ £350 .. ■■ 171 121 140 378 £351 „ £400 .. .■ 240 222 197 150 Over £400 .. . • • • 623 135 41 9 Totals- .. .. ' 1,457 725 | 864 2,858

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Applicants pojr Probationerships. In 1930 the number of qualified applicants for entrance to the teaching service as probationers far exceeded the number of probationerships available. The Education Boards were therefore again able to select for appointment young people with high academic and personal qualifications. Sixty-four per cent, of those appointed as probationers in 1930 had higher leaving certificates or a full pass in the Teachers' Class D Examination, the highest qualification necessary for appointment, and the remainder had either passed the Matriculation Examination, secured a partial pass in the Class D Examination, or held lower leaving certificates. There were 772 applications received in 1930 from young persons desirous of receiving appointment as probationers. It was possible, however, to find positions for only 550 of the applicants thus qualified. Supply op Teachers. In accordance with the requirements of regulations, Education Boards were advised of the numbers of probationers that were to be appointed in 1930. Having regard to the number of retirements from the teaching service and losses through other causes during the year, the Department estimated that the wastage that would occur in the year 1934 —i.e., the first year in which 1930 probationers would be eligible to fill vacancies in the teaching service requiring the appointment of a certificated teacher —would be met by the appointment of 550 probationers. Training op Teachers. The period of training necessary for a young teacher to secure a trained teacher's certificate is usually four years. By far the greater number of trainees come from the ranks of the probationers in public schools, who serve for one year in that capacity. In addition to these, studentships are granted to assistants who have spent two years in a recognized kindergarten, and to student teachers who have spent one or two years as such in technical schools. These trainees are required to pass or obtain a partial pass in the Training College Entrance Examination, and are then admitted to the training college as students of Division A for a course of training of two years' duration, with a possible extension of a further year on the recommendation of the Principal. Students of Division A, on completion of their course, serve for a further year in the schools as probationary assistants, at the end of which period they receive the issue of certificates. In the case of students who remain for a third year at training college, the period of training as a probationary assistant is dispensed with. Graduates are accepted for a course of professional training of one year, and are designated students of Division C. Where teachers have entered the teaching profession, and have not had the advantage of professional training at a college before issue of a certificate, provision is made to accept them for a short period studentship, and are designated students of Division D. In all the above cases the ex-trainee is under bond to serve in public schools. For those who do not desire to enter into a bond to serve in public schools a course similar to that provided for other students is available at a reasonable charge per term. These students are entered under Division B. As in the case of students training for the Public Schools Service, a student of Division B is required to possess educational qualifications of an approved standard. The following figures summarize the position regarding the training of teachers in 1930. The figures for the previous year are given for purposes of comparison : —

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Number of Training-college Students. J Number of Pro- I ! Total. . r „ Total bationers • Dationary JL r&iiiGGS. Division A. Division B. Division C. j Division D. Assistants. ■ ' . _J - 1929 .. .. 547 1,145 .. 24 14 1,183 224 1,954 1930 .. .. 542 1,114 1 28 11 1,154 352 2,048

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Of the 1,154 students in attendance at training college in 1930, 570 were in their first year, 546 were in their second year, and 38 in their third year. At the end of the course third-year students were eligible to receive endorsements on their teachers' certificates of a special qualification to teach a subject in which they specialized. Thus, at the end of 1930, 8 received endorsements in science, 6 in music and eurythmics, 4 in music, 10 in drawing and handwork, and 10 in physical education. The number of students who left training colleges in 1930 was 557, of which number 1 was granted examination status for Class A, 71 for Class B, 401 for Class C, 69 for Class D and partial success towards Class C, 1 for Class D, and 9 for partial success for Class D or C. Grading of Teachers. The total number of teachers graded as at the 31st December, 1930, was 7,409, including 22 New Zealand teachers employed in Island schools (Fiji, Western Samoa, and Cook Islands). The total for the previous year was 7,348. Appeals against 1930 grading were lodged by 200 teachers, as compared with 148 for the previous year. Of these appeals, 86 were withdrawn, 80 were disallowed, and 34 were upheld.

Status of Teachers in Regard to Certificates. The table below gives the number of certificated and uncertificated teachers who at the end of the years mentioned were employed in public primary schools.

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1929. 1930. College. : Men. j Women. Total. Men. Women. Total. Auckland .. .. .. 116 253 369 110 264 374 Wellington .. .. .. 48 186 234 51 193 244 Ckristchurch .. .. .. 87 203 290 86 220 306 Dunedin 95 195 290 55 175 230 Totals .. .. 346 837 1,183 302 852 1,154

1928. 1929. 1930. .Number. Number. r ~ Number, j centage. centage. centage. I. Certificated teachers .. .. 5,916 93 5,969 93 5,897 92 II. Uncertificated teachers — (1) Holding licenses .... 14 * 8 * 7 * (2) Unlicensed .. .. 411 6 461 7 529 8 Total uncertificated .. .. 425 7 469 7 536 8 Totals of I and II .. .. 6,341 100 6,438 100 6,433 100 * No significant percentage.

E.—l.

The number of teachers employed in public primary schools holding certificates of the various classes in 1929 and 1930 were as follows : —

In regard to the increase which is shown each year in the total of uncertificated teachers, it is necessary to state that probationary assistants are included in the total. A probationary assistant, while not actually certificated, has completed a probationership and a two-year course of professional training at a teachers' training college. After one year in his present capacity he should be qualified to receive a trained teacher's certificate. There were 224 probationary assistants in the schools in 1929, while there were 352 in 1930. If probationary assistants are omitted, it will be seen that there were 237 uncertificated teachers in 1929 and 177 in 1930. A further improvement in the class of certificate held by teachers in primary schools is recorded. While in 1929 there were 77 per cent, of teachers holding certificates of Class A, Class B, or Class C, there were 79 per cent, of teachers holding such certificates in 1930. NATIVE SCHOOLS. At the end of 1930 there were 138 Native-village schools under the direct control of the Department for the primary education of Maori children in districts principally settled by Natives. In addition, there were eleven primary and twelve secondary (boarding) schools controlled by various religious organizations. Maoris are also admitted to the ordinary public schools—and, in fact, the number attending these schools is greater than the number in attendance at Native schools. The following table shows the number of schools, with the enrolment at the end of 1929 and at the end of 1930 : —

These figures include a number of European children (850 in 1930) who attend Native-village schools, and if these be deducted the enrolment of Native children ill primary schools at the end of last year becomes 14,938, compared with 14,399 at the close of the previous year. The continued increase in the number of Maori children attending school is particularly interesting in the case of Native-village schools. It shows, first, that the Maori population is not diminishing; and, second, that there is a growing desire amongst the Maoris for education. The average yearly attendance at Native-village schools was maintained at a creditably high percentage (90-9) of the average weekly enrolment.

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1929. 1930. Class of Certificate. ? —_ ■ j — M. F. Total. M. P. Total. A .. .. .. 42 10 52 40 12 52 B .. .. 630 391 1,021 640 397 1,037 C .. .. .. 1,140 2,359 3,499 1,185 2,378 3,563 D .. .. .. 342 987 1,329 306 882 1,188 E ...... 10 58 68 8 49 57 Total .. .. 2,164 3,805 5,969 2,179 3,718 5,897

Schools, 1929. Roll, 1929. Schools, 1930. Roll, 1930. Native-village schools .. .. .. 137 6,979 138 7,070 Mission schools (primary) .. .. . . 10 532 11 520 Public schools with Native children enrolled .. 767 7,772 794 8,172 Totals .. .. .. .. 914 15,283 943 15,762

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Boarding-schools for the secondary education of Maoris have been established by religious bodies, and the Government provides a number of scholarships tenable at these schools, which are inspected by the Department's officers. There were twelve schools at the end of last year, with an enrolment of 512 Maori pupils, of whom 174 held Government scholarships. In addition, three Maoris held scholarships at Auckland University College and Otago University, taking courses in arts, law, and medicine, and five Maoris held agricultural scholarships, four being tenable at Te Aute College and one at Massey Agricultural College. JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS. No new junior high schools were in operation during the year. Information concerning the attendance and classification of pupils and also the staffing of the schools is given in the table below. The totals of the rolls and classification of pupils for the year 1929 are also given for purposes of comparison.

Roll Number and Classification of Pupils in Attendance at and Staffs of Junior High Schools.

Ages of Pupils in Attendance at Junior High Schools at 1st July, 1930.

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oj+=o a fn © •53 §> . og £2 Classification of Pupils on Roll as at 1st July, 1930. So- 1 lg oj w , Number Qf *o , § « g •- Teachers> Junior High School. S S m 2m Sol II Form I. Form II. Form III. All Forms. f -§•§ -§-$ - • —r~r — i Total. ; if 1 §"m J 3 ™ 5 Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. BoysJcirls. Boys. Girls. M. F. ■§ Sfr.g jq <_ g (a) Whangarei .. 147 176 282 275 69 65 I 80 80 * * 149 145 294 7 3 10 (c) Kowhai .. 462 437 775 769 188 162 ! 180 157 60 66 428 385 813 14 12 26 (c) Northcote .. 174 132 257 266 64 52 55 62 23 23 142 137 279 5 5 10 (b) Matamata .. 78 106 146 145 43 32 42 39 + f »5 71 156 4 4 8 (a) Rotorua .. 56 100 141 135 39 32 j 32 34 * * 71 66 137 2 1 3 (d) Rongotai .. 10 169 175 171 132 .. 43 .. * * 175 .. 175 5 .. 5 (a) Marlborough .. 118 153 254 248 74 65 ! 69 55 * * 143 120 263 4 2 6 (a) Waitaki Boys' 71 96 162 152 92 .. : 71 .. * * 163 .. 163 6 . . 6 (a) Waitaki Girls' 78 72 145 133 .. 66 .. 74 * * .. 140 140 .. 6 6 Totals, 1930 .. 1,194 1,441 2,337 2,294 701 474 572 501 j 83 89 1,356 1,064 2,420 47 33 80 Totals, 1929 . . 1,188 1,304 2,204 2,149 560 507 598 470 96 90 1,254 1,067 2,321 Difference .. 6 137 133 145 141 -33 -26 31 1—13 —1 102 - 3 99 (a) These schools are senior high schools to which junior departments consisting of Form I (Standard V) and Form II (Standard VI) pupils have been attached. They are sometimes called junior-senior high schools. Ib) A district high .school including a primary-school department up to Standard IV, a junior high school or junior secondary department consisting of the former Standard V and Standard VI pupils, and a senior high school or senior secondary department. (c) These schools are separate junior high schools including the former Standard V and Standard VI pupils and also a small Form III or the lowest form of the senior high school. (d) A senior secondary school to which boys of Forms I and II are admitted. * Number of Form III pupils included in the statistics for secondary schools. t Number of Form III pupils included in the statistics for district high schools.

tj , 11 Years 12 Years 13 Years 14 Years 15 Years 16 Years 17 Years ,. Jl 0 and and and and and and and Junior High School under 13. under 14. under 15. under 16. under 17. under 18. 00 CO 5» 02 03 02 0Q • 02 CO M ca ® i >> T! T! r-2 ' 73 o -rt O .H o -S O u o -a O •? O i -H ° *r! wo w c5 o m 3« cs P5 o | m I cs mo Whangarei .. .. 3 3 31 28 57 58 40 42 14 14 4 Kowhai .. .. 10 19 58 61 128 116 124 113 78 63 29 11 1 2 1 .. Northcote .. .. 4 9 25 24 41 46 46 38 19 14 7 4 .. 2 .. .. Matamata .. .. 1 3 14 14 23 21 30 19 13 13 4 1 Rotorua .. .... 2 8 8 26 26 22 16 10 12 5 2 ... Rongotai .. .. 8 .. 41 .. 63 .. 44 .. 16 .. 3 .. Marlborough .. 2 .. 25 31 36 37 50 43 22 8 6 1 1 .. 1 . Waitaki Boys' . . 7 .. 41 .. 39 .. 49 . . 24 .. 3 Waitaki Girls' .. .. 7 .. 33 .. 47 .. 36 .. 14 .. 3 Totals .. 35 43 243 199 413 351 405 307 196 138 60 22 2 4 2 .. Note. —The table " Age and Classification of Pupils in Attendance at Junior High Schools at 1st July, 1930," is printed earlier in this report.

E.—l.

Destination op Pupils. The return below shows the probable destination of pupils leaving school in 1930.

Destination of Pupils leaving Junior High Schools during or at End of 1930.

In order that any tendency towards a particular occupation may be shown, the percentages of pupils proceeding to various destinations and occupations in the past four years are given in the table below. The most notable movement recorded in 1930 is in the case of boys who continued full-time secondary education. The percentage in this case was six higher than in the previous year. In the case of trades the number fell this year by 5 per cent.

SECONDARY EDUCATION. The number of schools providing secondary education remained stationary during the year, although, one school was added to the list of registered secondary schools. The total roll of the public secondary schools increased slightly, but this can be attributed more to the fact that pupils remained at school for a further year than to a greater influx of new entrants. The lack of suitable avenues for employment is probably the main reason why pupils remain longer than usual at school, and thus swell the numbers in the higher forms. The Chief Inspector of Secondary Schools reports that the process of the liberalization of curricula continues at a steady pace.

24

Boys. Girls. Occupation. | Year. Yea" j Tote1 ' TW* Yea" T ° taL Pere * __ — * Continued full-time 104 338 24 466 67 38 265 40 343 60 education Commercial (clerical, 1 23 26 50 7 1 8 28 37 6 typing, shop, and warehouse) Trades .. .... 21 4 25 4 Agricultural and pas- 8 42 6 56 8 .. 1 1 toral Home .. .. 1 22 13 36 5 15 106 27 148 26 Miscellaneous .. 9 21 8 38 6 1 15 8 24 4 Not known .. 3 19 1 23 3 .. 17 4 21 4 Totals .. 126 486 82 694 100 55 412 107 574 100 I * No significant percentage.

Boys. Girls. Occupation. . j : i 1927. 1928. ! 1929. 1930. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Continued full-time education .. 56 63 61 67 58 57 60 60 Commercial (clerical, typing, shop, 95577956 and warehouse) Trades v . .. ..12 6 9 4 3 .. 2 . Agricultural and pastoral .. 8 5 10 8 Home 8 4 4 5 25 21 25 26 Miscellaneous .. .. ■■ 2 4 6 6 4 4 4 4 Not known .. .. .. 5 13 5 3 ; 3 9 4 4 100 100 100 100 ! 100 100 100 100 * No significant percentage.

E.—l.

In view of the home universities' decisions not to accept accredited passes for matriculation, the principle of accrediting, so far as the University Entrance Examination is concerned, is no nearer realization than last year. In 1930 there were in operation forty-four secondary schools at which Government free places were held and for which the teachers' salaries, &c., were provided by the Government. Thirteen of the schools were for boys only, fifteen were for girls only, and sixteen were for both boys and girls. In addition, two boys' schools, the Wanganui Collegiate School and Christ's College Grammar School, were originally endowed with public property. There were also eighty-one secondary departments of district high schools, fifteen technical high schools, seven organized technical or art schools offering day courses, twelve Maori secondary schools, and forty-eight registered private secondary schools. Further, of the eight junior high schools in operation during the year two schools —namely, Kowhai and Northcote —each provided a three-year course, the last year of which was devoted to secondary instruction. There was thus a total of 213 schools providing secondary education. The following figures show the roll and attendance at these schools for 1930 : — (a) Secondary schools (46) — Roll, Ist March .. .. .. .. .. .. 17,741 Roll, 31st December (boys, 8,937 ; girls, 7,212) .. .. 16,149 (b) District high schools —secondary departments (81) — Roll 31st December (boys, 2,100 ; girls, 2,015).. .. .. 4,115 (c) Technical high schools and technical day schools (22) — Roll, 31st December (boys, 3,819 ; girls, 3,134) .. .. 6,953 (d) Registered private secondary schools (48) — Roll, 31st December (boys, 1,630 ; girls, 2,195) .. .. 3,825 (e) Secondary schools for Maoris (12) —• Roll, 31st December (boys, 276 ; girls, 241) .. .. .. 535 (/) Junior high schools, third-year pupils only (2) — Roll, 31st December (boys, 55 ; girls, 70) . . . . 125 The total number of pupils receiving secondary education at the end of the year was 31,702, an increase of 1,841 over the figures for the previous year. Destination op Pupils on Completion op their Secondary Education. The following table summarizes the returns furnished by Principals of schools respecting the destination of pupils who left high schools, district high schools, technical high schools, and day technical schools during or at the end of the year 1930. The figures are in all cases exclusive of pupils who left one school to enter another full-time post-primary school:—

4—E. I.

25

Secondarv School Technical, High, and Secondary Departments Total* beconaary ftcnoois. Day Schools * of District High Schools. lotals. Occupation Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. No Per No Per No Per No Per No Per No Per No Per No Per im Cent. 10 - Cent. Im Cent. 0 ' Cent. iN0 ' Cent. 0 ' Cent. 0 ' Cent. 0 ' Cent. University college .. 164 7 76 3 15 1 4 f 3 f 4 1 182 4 84 2 Teaching or training college 107 4 202 8 12 1 18 1 24 3 48 6 143 3 268 6 Clerical— Government or local body 89 4 7 f 46 3 17 1 55 6 2 f 190 4 26 f Banks, insurance 82 3 2 j 4 f 1 f 10 1 .... 96 2 3 f Legal .. .. 22 1 2 f 2 t 7 j If 4 1 25 f 13 + Commercial .. ..239 10 359 14 97 6 183 13 23 3 42 5 359 7 584 13 Engineering, surveying, and 65 3 .. .. 123 7 . . .. 15 2 .. .. 203 4 architecture Various trades and industries 277 12 21 1 306 18 85 6 89 11 5 1 672 14 111 2 Shop and warehouse .. 240 10 184 7 242 15 121 9 103 12 67 9 585 12 372 8 Farming.. .. .. 608 25 .... 374 22 7 f 365 43 4 1 1,347 27 11 t Home .. .. .. 194 8 1,466 58 82' 5 633 45 112 13 553 71 388 8 2,652 57 Other occupations 34 1 87 4 24 1 54 4 15 2 27 3 73 2 168 4 Not known .. .. 286 12 137 5 343 21 294 21 31 4 19 2 660 13 350 8 Totals .. .. 2,407 100 2,543 100 1,670 100 1,424 100 j 846 jlOO 775 100 4,923 100 4,642 100 * Napier Technical School totals are exclude 3. t No significant percentage.

E.—l.

In the table below are shown for comparative purposes the percentages of the total number of boys leaving each class of school last year who proceeded to the University or to employment in the three main occupational groups. The corresponding figures for the four previous years are also shown where these are available.

It will, be observed that there is a distinct drop in the percentage of boys entering the clerical, professional, shop and warehouse, and the trades and industries occupations during 1930 from all schools. The drop is most marked in the case of boys leaving purely secondary schools and entering the clerical, professional, shop, and warehouse occupations. To compensate for this drop the percentages of boys entering the farming occupations from each type of school shows an increase. A perusal of the individual returns from schools shows that the numbers returned as not entering any known occupation have definitely increased. But for this fact it could be stated that the trend of the movement from other occupational groups solely towards farming pursuits had definitely established itself. Nevertheless, it is pleasing to record such a marked increase under farming. Length of Post-primary Course. The returns compiled in 1930 by teachers show also the duration of the postprimary course taken by pupils who have now left school. Summarized, the position is as follows : —

From the above figures the average length of school life of pupils in the three classes of post-primary schools who left in 1930 can be obtained approximately by dividing the total school life of all pupils leaving during the year by the total number of such pupils. For the purposes of this computation the school life of children leaving in the fourth and later years has been taken as four years, since the separate figures for each year after the third are not obtained by the Department. For this reason the average lengths of school life shown below will probably be one to two months lower than is actually the case. Average Length of School Life. Years. Months. Secondary schools .. .. .. .. . . 2 8 District high schools . . .. .. . . . . 2 0 ' Technical high and technical day schools .. ... 1 11 All schools .. .. .. .. .. ~ 2 4

26

University. Warehouse. Sll0P ' Farming. Trades and Industries. Class of School. _ ' ' I I II" II 1926. 1927.1928. 1929. 1930. 1926. 1927.1928.11929. 1930. 1926. 1927.1928.1929. ,1930 1926. 1927. 1928.1929. 1930. ! ! 1 L ! Secondary .. * 7 5 3 7 * 43 44 50 35 * 17 18 19 25 * 11 12 12 12 Technical .. * 1 1 t 1 * 34 35 38 32 * 17 18 18 22 * 25 23 25 18 District high .. * t 1 1 t * 39 33 34 27 * 31 34 3-3 43 * 12 13 17 11 All schools .. 4 4 3 2 4 43 40 39 43 33 20 19 21 21 27 15 16 16 17 14 * Separate figures not available. t No significant percentage.

Secondary District High Technical High Schools. Schools. and Technical All Schools. Day Schools. Number. | Number. Number. Number. Leaving in first year .. .. 916 19 639 39 1,198 39 2,753 28 Leaving in second year .. .. 1,492 30 519 32 1,133 36 3,144 33 Leaving in third year .. .. 1,058 21 235 15 492 16 1,785 18 Leaving in fourth and later years .. 1,484 30 228 14 271 9 1,983 21 Totals .. .. 4,950 100 1,621 100 3,094 100 9,665 100

E.—l.

In the case of pupils who commence on post-primary courses and leave during the same year, the Department has been furnished with information showing in months the duration of the period of attendance of such pupils, and this information is tabulated below. The totals shown in the table are slightly below those shown as leaving in the first year in the table immediately preceding. This difference is due to the fact that the table below concerns only pupils who commenced and terminated their post-primary courses in the same year, while the table above includes under " first year " pupils who, though in the first year of a post-primary course when they left, actually commenced that course in a previous calendar year or at a private secondary school.

Number of Children who commenced Post-primary Courses in 1930 and who definitely left in the same Year.

Free Places. The following table stows the number of free places held in 1930 on the dates shown :— (i) Secondary schools (at Ist July, 1930) — Boys. Girls. Total. (a) Junior free pupils .. .. .. 5,759 5,142 10,901 (b) Senior free pupils .. .. .. 2,824 2,331 5,155 Totals .. .. .. 8,583 7,473 16,056 (ii) District high schools (at Ist July, 1930) — (a) Junior free pupils .. .. .. 1,905 1,780 3,685 (b) Senior free pupils .. .. .. 445 434 879 Totals .. .. .. 2,350 2,214 4,564 (iii) Maori secondary schools (at 31st December, 1930),. .. .. .. .. 77 90 167 (iv) Technical high schools and technical day schools (at Ist July, 1930)— (а) Junior free pupils .. .. .. 3,647 3,014 6,661 (б) Senior free pupils .. .. .. 681 511 1,192 Totals .. .. .. 4,328 3,525 7,853 (v) Third - year pupils at Kowhai and Northcote Junior High Schools (at Ist July, 1930) .. 83 89 172 Grand totals .. .. .. 15,421 13,391 28,812 Grand totals for 1929 .. .. 14,909 12,950 27,859 Of the 29,801 children in attendance at public schools providing secondaryeducation, 28,812 held free places and 989 were paying pupils. Ninety-seven per cent, of the children were thus receiving free secondary education.

27

In the case of pupils who commence on post-primary courses and leave during the same year, the Department has been furnished with information showing in months the duration of the period of attendance of such pupils, and this information is tabulated below. The totals shown in the table are slightly below those shown as leaving in the first year in the table immediately preceding. This difference is due to the fact that the table below concerns only pupils who commenced and terminated their post-primary courses in the same year, while the table above includes under " first year " pupils who, though in the first year of a post-primary course when they left, actually commenced that course in a previous calendar year or at a private secondary school. .Number of Children who commenced Post-primary Courses in 1930 and who DEFINITELY LEFT IN THE SAME YEAR. During During During During During During During During During During Daring First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Type of School. Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Month Total. of of of of of of of of of of of Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course. Course Course. Course. Course. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G Secondary schools .. .. 5 7 11 816 8 28 13 21 1219 12 30 35 23 15 26 18 26 25195 355 400 508 Percentage .. .. ..1 2 3 5 4 3 7 4 5 6 60 100 Secondary departments of district 11 99 89 920 1917 1316 18 28 1328 21 23 15 28 6151 159 340 290 high schools 1 — v —' K — v —' v v —' 1 — v —' v — v —' 1 — v —' v —' 1 —v —' v v —' K v ' * ' "v - J Percentage .. .. ..3 3 3 6 5 5 7 8 6 5 49 100 Technical high and day schools .. 23 19 28 15 39 27 26 27 38 20 30 27 56 57 27 37 32 33 37 20 271 304 607 586 Percentage .. .. ..4 4 6 4 5 5 9 5 5 5 48 100 Totals .. .. .. 39 35 48 3164 44 74 59 76 45 65 57 411 105 78 73 81 66 91 51617 8181,347 1,384 Percentage .. 3 X 4~5TT~8 r "6 - fT~S ~53 100 Free Places. The following table shows the number of free places held in 1930 on the dates shown : — (i) Secondary schools (at 1st July, 1930) — Boys. Girls. Total. (a) Junior free pupils .. .. .. 5,759 5,142 10,901 (b) Senior free pupils .. .. .. 2,824 2,331 5,155 Totals .. .. .. 8,583 7,473 16,056 (ii) District high schools (at 1st July, 1930) — (a) Junior free pupils .. .. .. 1,905 1,780 3,685 (b) Senior free pupils .. .. .. 445 434 879 Totals .. .. .. 2,350 2,214 4,564 (iii) Maori secondary schools (at 31st December, 1930),. .. .. .. .. 77 90 167 (iv) Technical high schools and technical day schools (at 1st July, 1930)— (а) Junior free pupils .. .. .. 3,647 3,014 6,661 (б) Senior free pupils .. .. .. 681 511 1,192 Totals .. .. .. 4,328 3,525 7,853 (v) Third - year pupils at Kowhai and Northcote Junior High Schools (at 1st July, 1930) .. 83 89 172 Grand totals .. .. .. 15,421 13,391 28,812 Grand totals for 1929 .. .. 14,909 12,950 27,859 Of the 29,801 children in attendance at public schools providing secondary education, 28,812 held free places and 989 were paying pupils. Ninety-seven per cent, of the children were thus receiving free secondary education.

E.—l.

Numbers commencing Secondary Education, and Ages at which commenced. In 1930 13,012 children (6,860 boys and 6,152 girls) commenced post-primary education, as against 12,697 in the previous year. The ages of children commencing post-primary education in 1930 and the type of post-primary school at which they enrolled are shown below :—

During 1929 23,022 children left public primary schools. In 1930 506 commenced post-primary education who had attended private schools, the remainder, 12,506, coming from public primary schools, or 54 per cent, of the total of the pupils leaving in 1929. Last year this percentage was 51. Staffs and Salaries. The number of full-time teachers on the staffs of the forty-four secondary schools at the end of 1930 was 681, compared with 657 in 1929. There were 29 male and 15 female Principals and 343 male and 294 female assistants. The average rates of salary at the end of the year were as follows, the figures for 1924 being also shown :— . . 1924. 1930. Principals — £ £ Men . . .. .. .. .. .. . . 720 769 Women .. .. .. .. .. .. 553 576 Both sexes .. .. .. . , .. .. 658 703 Assistants— Men .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 374 402 Women .. . . .. .. .. .. 287 290 Both sexes .. .. .. .. .. .. 335 350 All teachers — Men .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 402 431 Women . . .. .. . . .. . . 303 304 Both sexes .. .. .. .. .. .. 358 373 In addition, male Principals for whom a residence was not provided received house allowance of £60 per^annum. TECHNICAL EDUCATION. The Superintendent of Technical Education reports that the quality and character of instruction in technical schools and technical high schools is improving with the improvement in the strength of staffing. There was an increase of over 6 per cent, in the total rolls of technical high and technical day schools. Staffs and Salaries. The number of full-time assistant teachers on the staffs of technical schools in 1930 was 345. There were eighteen full-time student teachers. The average rates of salary at Ist July, 1930, were as follows : Principals £667 (exclusive of house allowance). Assistants—Men, £407 ; women, £260; both, £350. All teachers (Principals and assistants) —Men, £432; women, £260; both, £369. With the

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Age at which Post-primary Course commenced. Total Numbers commencing Post-primary Class of School. Under 13 Years. 13 Years. 14 Years. 15 Years and over. Education in 1930. | - - : • Boys. Girls. Boys. ! Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Secondary .. 763 731 1,448 1,364 777 675 199 177 3,187:2,947 Technical .. 240 253 918 839 810 673 397 217 2,365 ' 1,982 District high .. 253 257 531 532 340 256 81 67 1,205 1,112 Junior high .. 14 18 47 54 33 28 9 11 103 111 Totals .. 1,270 j 1,259 2,944 2,789 1,960 1,632 686 472 6,860 6,152

E.—l.

inclusion of manual-training teachers employed by Education Boards, the average rates of salary for all teachers (including Principals of technical schools) were as follows : Men, £412 ; women, £249 ; both, £350.

Classification of Full-time Assistant Teachers, 1st July, 1930.

Evening Technical Classes and Part-time Day Classes. In 1930 there were forty-three centres, as compared with thirty-seven in 1929, providing classes for 11,829 students. Of these students, 5,994 held free places. There were 11,187 students in 1929, of whom 5,627 held free places. CHILD WELFARE. Number of Children under Supervision. The total number of children under supervision of the Child Welfare Branch as at 31st March, 1931, was 7,255, classed under the following headings : — State wards — In foster-homes, hostels, and with friends .. .. .. .. 3,099 In situations .. .. .. .. .. .. . _ 990 In Government institutions, receiving-homes, &c. .. .. .. 290 In private institutions .. .. .. .. .. ~ 214 Inmates in special schools for the mentally backward .. . . 269 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. .. .. .. 40 « 4,902 Young persons supervised in their own homes by Child Welfare Officers, by order of Court .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 952 Infants supervised in foster-homes registered under the Infants Act .. 1,280 Pupils at School for the Deaf, Sumner (eight of these being State wards) .. 121 7,255 The number of children committed to the care of the Superintendent during the year ended 31st March, 1931, was 603, classified according to reason for committal as follows : Indigent, 266 ; delinquent, 27 ; detrimental environments, 84 ; not under proper control, 116 ; accused or guilty of punishable offence, 87 ; neglected, 23 ; and, in addition, 28 were admitted by private arrangement (section 12, Child Welfare Act), while 75 were temporarily admitted, making the total number of admissions for the year 706. Of the children committed, 58 had been dealt with previously by the Courts for other offences for which they had received terms of supervision. Classified according to the age at the time of admission the numbers, including those admitted under section 12, Child Welfare Act, are as follows : Under six months, 68 ; over six months and under one year, 28 ; from one to five years, 118 ; from five to ten years, 123 ; from ten to fourteen years, 133 ; over fourteen years, 161. The children temporarily admitted (75) ranged in ages between four days and twenty years. The length of period of residence for these children was from one day to seven weeks. Of the children in foster-homes, 220 are over the age of fourteen years, of whom 138 are still attending primary schools and 82 are receiving higher education. In addition, there are 16 residing in hostels and receiving secondary education. Furthermore, 23 children under the age of fourteen years are receiving higher education.

29

Class .. .. .. VII. VI. V. IV. III. II. lowest) Totals. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Division I .. .. 0 2 10 6 24 8 37 10 27 9 24 14 15 18 137 67 Division II .. .. 0 4 7 12 13 16 24 12 16 11 12 7 3 4 75 66 Totals .. 0 "6 17 18 37 24 61 22 43 20 36 21 18 22 212 133 Y J Y ; "V J Y J K Y J K Y J V J K Y J Totals 6 35 61 83 63 57 40 345

E.—l.

HIGHER (UNIVERSITY) EDUCATION. The number of students on the books of the four University colleges affiliated to the University of New Zealand in 1930 was 4,801, as against 4,623 in 1929, an increase of 183. The figures for each of the four colleges were as under : — 1929. 1930. Auckland 1,321 1,347 Victoria .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,007 1,074 Canterbury .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,072 1,121 Otago .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,223 1,259 4,623 4,801 The total number of students described as taking definite courses at the affiliated colleges was 4,409, distributed as follows : Arts, 1,983 ; science, 442 ; medicine, 242 ; dentistry, 112 ; law, 462 ; commerce, 610 ; music, 48 ; engineering, 210 ; agriculture, 24 ; home science, 109 ; architecture, 57 ; journalism, 50 ; mining, 13 ; forestry, 26 ; and massage, 21. The number of exempted students was 495 in 1929 and 638 in .1930, the numbers in actual attendance at lectures being 4,128 and 4,163 respectively. The following shows the growth in the numbers of students over a- period of years : 1878, 168 ; 1895, 742 ; 1900, 805 ; 1905, 1,158 ; 1915, 2,039 ; 1920, 3,822 ; 1924, 4,236; 1925,4,442; 1930,4,801. Of the 4,801 students on the books in 1930, 3,392 students, or 70 per cent, of the total number of students, were men. Of the students attending lectures last year the following were receiving free University education : 40 per cent, in the case of men, and 66 per cent, in the case of women, or 48 per cent, of all students. Nearly all these had their tuition fees paid by the State. In addition to the number of students attending the four University colleges mentioned above, there were 208 students attending Massey Agricultural College and 68 students attending Canterbury Agricultural College during 1930. At the former college 14 students were taking the course for Bachelor of Agricultural Science, and 3 the course for Master of Agricultural Science, and, at the latter, 10 students were taking the course for Bachelor of Agricultural Science. The remaining students at both these colleges were taking courses of varying length, the greater number at Massey College taking mainly short courses of instruction. By far the most popular means of obtaining free University education is to qualify for a University Bursary. These bursaries are awarded to those who secure a credit pass in the University Entrance Scholarship Examination or a higher leaving certificate. In 1930 there were 1,112 University bursars attending lectures. Returns showing the occupations of students have been furnished with respect to last year by the four constituent University Colleges. Expressed as percentages the figures are as under : — Men. Women. Full-time students .. .. .. .. .. 33 46 Teachers and training college students .. .. 19 43 G-overnment and local-body employees .. . . 16 2 Employees of private firms .. .. . . . . 31 6 Not known .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 100 100 The number of full-time students as a percentage of the total number of students attending lectures was 60 in the case of Otago, 26 in the case of Auckland, 19 in the case of Victoria, and 34 in the case of Canterbury. While the number of candidates for the University Entrance Examination shows a slight decrease when compared with the previous year's figures, the entries for the various degree examinations continue to increase. The following are the figures Number of Candidates. 1929. 1930. University Entrance Examination .. .. .. 4,586 4,567 Number who passed .. .. .. .. .. 2,217 2,038 Degree Examination .. .. .. .. .. 6,660 6,882

30

E.—l.

GENERAL. School Music. Although increased interest in music was first manifested in primary schools, due to the concentration of effort in that direction, the good effect of this work has spread to secondary schools. The extent to which improvement in school music has taken place in the schools is dealt with in the report of the Chief Inspector of Primary Schools. Annual Examinations. The annual examinations conducted by the Department are as follows : (1) An examination to determine the grant of Junior Scholarships and junior free places, held in November ; (2) a main series consisting of Training College Entrance, Public Service Entrance, Senior National Scholarship, and Intermediate Examinations ; (3) an August series for teachers' certificates of Classes D and C and Handicraft, and incidentally to some extent of Class B ; (4) Technological examinations, and examinations for elementary kindergarten certificates. The examinations were held at seventy-six centres in 1930. The total number of entries for all examinations was 7,501, of which number 7,208 candidates actually presented themselves for examination. 6,030 candidates were exempted from the necessity of passing the Intermediate Examination, due to the accrediting principle by which candidates for senior free places may be exempted from an external examination. The number of candidates actually presenting themselves for the various examinations during the last three years is shown below : —

Of the 1,118 candidates for Junior National Scholarships in .1930, 168 obtained the scholarship qualification, 612 qualified for a free place in the scholarship examination, and 506 failed. Of the 673 candidates for Senior National Scholarships, 93 gained scholarships, 494 qualified for senior free places, and 179 failed. There were 1,264 entries for the Intermediate Examination, 1,170 candidates presenting themselves, of which number 343 passed and 827 failed to do so. The number present at the Public Service Entrance Examination was 2,338, 1,195 of the number passing and 1,143 failing the examination. The number of candidates who sat for the different stages of the teachers' certificate examinations was 953 (343 for the whole or part of Glass C and 610 for Class D). Of the total number, 209 obtained complete passes in Class D, 137 in Class C, 4 in Class B, and 1 in Class A. 421 improved their status, and 181 failed. Of the 177 candidates who presented themselves for the technological examinations, 43 obtained passes in the Preliminary Examination, 35 in the Intermediate Examination, 21 in the Einal Examination, and 78 failed. The first examination for Training College Entrance, which was established under regulations made in 1929, was held in November, 1930. Of 752 candidates entered for the examination, 743 presented themselves, of which number 498 obtained complete passes, 203 obtained partial passes, and 42 failed.

31

1928. 1929. 1930. Junior National Scholarships and junior free places , .. .. 1,456 1,409 1,118 Public Service Entrance, Senior National Scholarships, and Intermediate 4,570 4,520 4,181 Teachers D and 0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,086 1,994 953 Training College Entrance .. .. .. .. . . .. . . 743 Kindergarten Certificate Examination .. .. .. .. 14 6 4 London University Examinations .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 4 Handicraft Teachers' Certificate . . . . . . .. . . 17 21 25 Technological examinations . . . . . . . . . . 51 161 177 Naval Cadetships . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 2 1 Aircraft Apprenticeships .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,197 8,116 7,208

E—l.

Teachers' Superannuation Fund. The position, of the fund at the 31st January, 1931, and the principal figures concerning the transactions for the year, compared with those for the year ended 31st January, 1930, are given below : — 1929-30. 1930-31. £ £ Balance at credit of fund at end of year .. .. 1,198,711 1,272,148 Increase over balance at end of previous year .. .. 26,721 73,437 Income for the year — Members'contributions .. .. .. .. 141,094 143,392 Interest .. .. .. .. .. .. 70,144 73,105 Government subsidy .. .. .. .. 71,831 126,106 Total income .. .. .. .. £283,069 £342,603 Expenditure— Retiring and other allowances .. . . . . . . 222,423 235,902 Contributions refunded, &o. .. .. ~ .. 30,377 29,305 Administration expenses, &c. .. .. .. .. 3,548 3,960 Total expenditure .. .. .. £256,348 £269,167 Number of contributors at 31st January .. .. .. 9,616 9,909 Number of members admitted during period .. .. 911 853 Number retiring from the fund during period .. .. 576 560 Net increase in membership at 31st January .. .. 335 293 Number of allowances in force at end of period .. .. 1,530 1,582 Representing an annual charge of . . . . , . .. £226,966 £239,624 Ordinary retiring-allowances .. .. .. ..973 £180,696 1,015 £192,710 Retiring-allowances under extended provisions of section 75 of the Act .. .. .. .. .. 11l £18,648 103 £17,971 Retiring-allowances in medically unfit eases .. .. 147 £18,766 155 £19,936 Allowances to widows . .. .. .. 214 £6,647 227 £7,112 Allowances to children .. .. .. ..85 £2,210 80 £2,080 Funds invested at 31st January— £ £ At 4| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 30,150 30,050 At 5 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 55,917 147,960 At 5| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 15,800 15,800 At 5| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 138,510 138,510 At 5| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 300 400 At 6 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 921,374 881,688 At 6| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. 30,920 35,704 Total .. .. .. .. .. £1,192,971 £1,250,112 Average rate of interest on investments at 31st January .. 5-83 per cent. 5-796 per cent. Subsidy to Public Libraries. The usual practice of distribution of a certain sum of money voted by Parliament for the purpose to public libraries in country districts on the basis of subsidy on moneys raised locally by voluntary contributions was not followed this year. It is hoped that a revival of the practice will be made possible by a grant by Parliament when the financial position improves.

32

E. —1.

APPENDIX.

STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND RECOVERIES In respect of all Services under the Control or Supervision of the Minister of Education during the Year ended 31st March, 1931.

5 —E. 1.

33

General Administration. £ £ £ Salaries .. .. •• •• •• •• •• 33,421 Travelling-expenses .. .. • • • • - • • ■ 838 Telephones .. .. ■ • • • • • • • • • _ 342 Postage and telegrams .. .. . • • • • • • • 3,433 Printing and stationery .. .. •• 4,944 Office furniture and fittings .. .. • • • • • ■ 699 Council of Education : Travelling-expenses, advertising, &c... .. 196 Overtime and meal-allowance .. .. . • • ■ • • 67 Sundries .. •. - • • ■ • • • • • • 5 43,945 Less miscellaneous recoveries .. .. •• 1,661 | 42,284 Elementary Education. Teachers' salaries (including probationers' allowances) .. 1,767,101 Teachers'house allowances .. .. .. •• 44,919 1 1,812,020 General administrative purposes (Education Boards) .. 39,225 School Committees'allowances .. .. •• 104,650 , — 143,875 Health camps .. •. .. • • • • • • • ■ 39 Organizing-teachers'salaries and travelling-expenses .. .. 4,538 Removal of teachers .. .. ■ • • ■ ■ • • - 699 Correspondence School: Salaries, &c. .. .. - - .. 8,537 Manual instruction — Salaries .. ■. • • • • • • • • 55,441 Capitation .. .. •• •• 17,525 Material .. .. . • •• •• 14,441 Incidentals .. .. • • • • • ■ 11,603 99,010 School and class libraries .. .. • - • • ■ • 3,494 Purchase of gramophones for schools .. .. •• .. 1,485 School buildings and sites — Maintenance and repair of school buildings and residences 99,229 Rent of buildings and sites used for school purposes .. 4,623 Schools destroyed or damaged by fire : Rebuilding and 6,129* repairs New buildings, additions, sites, and teachers' residences : 205,123f Education Purposes Loans Act, 1919 j 315,104 Inspectors — Salaries .. • • • • • • • • • • 35,626 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. 11,307 Telephones, office requisites, &c. .. .. .. 156 Extra clerical assistance, typing, &c. .. .. . ■ j 389 i 1 47,478 Conveyance and allowance for board of school-children (rail- .. 84,919 way fares, £10,265 ; boarding-allowances and conveyance by road and water, £74,654) j Conveyance of instructors and teachers .. .. .. .. 8,709 School Journal: Salaries, printing, &e. .. .. •• .. 8,503 Education Gazette: Printing, &c... .. •• 1,344 Subsidies on voluntary contributions on account of public j .. 14,842 primary schools, including district high schools F 2,554,596 Less miscellaneous recoveries (including School .. 17,177 Journal, £926 ; Education Gazette, £390; teachers' salaries, £16 ; special examination fees, £57; Correspondence School, £602 ; gramophones. £1,287 ; conveyance, £1,204 ; " manual instruction, £80 ; education of foreign children, £155 ; sale of school buildings and sites, £ll,200t; maintenance of buildings, £197 ; new buildings, £1,063.) 2,537,419§ Secondary Education. Payments to Education Boards for — District high schools : Secondary teachers'salaries .. 71,593 National Scholarships .. •• •• •• 10,283 ; — .— oi,o7o Payments to Secondary schools and colleges for— Salaries and incidental expenses .. •• •• •• : r.ali Manual instruction capitation .. •• •• •• j °> »37 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. .. .. .. ... j 1,745 New buildings, equipment, furniture, sites, &c. : Educa- 128,593 tion Purposes Loans Act, 1919 Maintenance of school buildings .. •• M?» : Schools destroyed by fire: Rebuilding and repairs .. o4* j lon OQO ! l'ZtJ ,oo'Z From reserves revenue in accordance with Education .. 11,709 Reserves Amendment Act, 1914 I: „ „ Q „„„ Carried forward i 516,621 ,5/9,703 * Our'.n > tho financial year £5,863 was recovered from the Fire Insurance Fund in the hands of the Public Trustee. t Includes ?i SSI cost Ifraisin" loans t Credited to ways and means of the Education Loans Account. § Including £54,624 from the national-endowment"reserves revenue and £94,464 from primary-education reserves.

E—l

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

34

£ £ £ Brought forward .. .. .. ... 516,621 2,579,703 Secondary Education —continued. 152 Books in necessitous cases .. .. .. • • • • Conveyance of pupils to secondary and district high schools .. • ■ 400 Marlborough High School: Statutory payment .. .. • • Inspectors' salaries .. .. .. .. • • • • '!? Inspectors' travelling and removal expenses .. .. • ■ Junior High Schools: Incidental expenses .. .. ■ • 1,190 530,846 . 3 024 Less recoveries .. .. .. ■ • • • ' gf> 2* Technical Education. Salaries of Inspectors .. .. .. - • ■ • '' ' Travelling and removal expenses of Inspectors Technical and continuation classes— Salaries Incidentals .. .. .. •• Buildings and permanent apparatus, &c. — Education Purposes Loans Act, 1919 .. .. .. ?'onn Rents .. .. .. •• •• •• o IRQ Maintenance of buildings .. .. .. •• 94 Books in necessitous cases .. .. .. • • •" „ Conveyance of instructors, students, and pupils to technical schools , ;> i Grant toward salary of Director of Reefton School of Mines .. ■ • ~ Expenses of instructors taking up appointments .. .. • ■ Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. .. ■ - • ■ 304,568 T 606 Less recoveries .. .. . • • • 962f Training Colleges and Training of Teaehers. Training colleges— Salaries of staffs of training colleges and of practising 37,518 schools (in excess of usual staff as public schools) Allowances to students and transport expenses .. 117,262 Students' University college fees .. .. • • 5,656 Special instruction, libraries, and incidental expenses .. 2,820 Apparatus and material .. •• •• 318 Sundries .. .. .. • • • • • • 2 New buildings, sites, furniture, &e. : Education Purposes 9,079 Loans Act, 1919 —— 172,655 Training of teachers other than at training colleges—• Training classes .. .. • • • • • • • • 172,889 Less recoveries •• •• 74 172,8151 Higher Education. Statutory grants — University of New Zealand —National-endowment reserves .. 4,500 revenue Auckland University College— Auckland University College Act, 1882 .. .. 4,000 New Zealand University Amendment Acts, 1919 and 10,250§ 1928 National-endowment reserves revenue .. .. 2,250 16,500 Victoria University College— Victoria College Act, 1905 .. .. •• 4,000 New Zealand Dniversity Amendment Acts, 1919 and 8,250§ 1928 National-endowment reserves revenue .. .. 2,250 14,500 Canterbury College— New Zealand University Amendment Acts, 1919 and 6,500§ 1928 National-endowment reserves revenue .. .. 2,250 8,750 University cf Otago — New Zealand University Amendment Acts," 1919 and 15,850§ 1928 National-endowment reserves revenue .. .. 2,250 — 18,100 •Grants for new buildings, &c. — Auckland University College.. .. .. 200 Massey Agricultural College .. .. • ■ • • 68,8-5 Canterbury Agricultural College .. .. • • 109 University of Otago .. .. • • • • 41 69 175 Agricultural Scholarships .. .. • • • • • ■ Sir George Grey Scholarships .. .. • • • • ■ • University National Scholarships.. .. .. •• •• 3,055 | Carried forward .. — 134,853 | 3,584,302 * Tnrlndine £0 280 from national-endowment reserves revenue and £11,709 from secondary-education reserves revenue, t Including; £5°425 from national-endowment reserves revenue. t Including £4,460 from national-endowment reserves revenue. § Includes £500 for Workers' Educational Association classes to each University.

E.—l.

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc.-coutinued.

35

£ £ £ Brought forward .. .. 134,853 3,584,302 Higher Education —continued. Bursaries— University .. •• -• •• •• "54. Educational .. .. • • • • • • 1 Agricultural .. .. • • • • • • Architectural .. ■ • • • • • • • Home Science .. .. .. • • ' ' Engineering .. .. • • •• j 22,516 Special assistance to deserving students .. .. .. .. 129 Special Technical Classes .. • • - • • ■ • • 306 Workers' Educational Association — Grant for organization expenses .. • • • • • • i 1 > 500 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. •• •• •• 12,248 Chairs of Education .. .. • • • ■ • • • • 3,400 Schools of Forestry: Maintenance .. • • • • ... ] 2,000 Maintenance, Massey Agricultural College, Massey Agricultural .. 15,000 College Act, 1925, Sec. 23 1 6 191,952 Less recoveries | j 'I !91 >936 * Native Schools. Salaries (Teachers and Inspectors) .. •• •• 69,209 Special allowances to teachers in isolated places .. .... I 153 j 1 69,362 Higher education and scholarships (including nursing scholar- : .. 6,841 ships) Books, school requisites, sewing-material, &c. .. . • | 2,929 Storage and despatch of school books, &c... • • • ■ ■ • ' Expenses of removals of teachers .. • • • • • • , 96>0 Inspectors travelling-expenses .. .. - • ■ • 1 • • Buildings : New schools, additional class-rooms, &c. — Education Purposes Loans Act, 1919 .. •• Maintenance of buildings, rebuilding, repairs, &c. .. 5,767 Schools destroyed by fire : Rebuilding and repairs .. 498f . 15,187 Manual instruction : Payment of instructors and material .. 422 for classes Conveyance and board of children .. .. . • .. 2,881 Sundries: Advertising, &c. .. .. • • • • .. 63 99,365 Less recoveries (sale of maps, &c.) .. .. .. 264 99,101+ Physical Instruction, &c. Salaries of Instructors .. .. .. •• •• j .. 5,540 Courses of instruction .. .. .. • • • • J .. 15 Travelling and removal expenses .. -. .. .. 3,219 Material : Officers' requisites, uniform allowances, &c. .. .. 106 8,880 Less recoveries .. .. .. • • I .. 5 8,875§ School for the Deaf. Salaries .. ■ • • ■ • • • • ■ • , - • 6 ,344 General maintenance of institution .. .. .. .. 2,043 Travelling-expenses, including transit of pupils .. .. .. 331 Maintenance of buildings, furniture, repairs, &c. . 1 .. .. 269 Advertising, &c. .. • • • • • • • • J .. 23 Sundries .. .. •• •• •• •• .. 11 9,021 Less recoveries (including maintenance payments, .. 2,709 £2,251) 6,312|| Education of the Blind. Grant for maintenance of Government pupils at Jubilee .. 610 Institute Subsidies on voluntary contributions under Hospital and .. 987 Charitable Aid Acts, 1909, 1910, 1913, 1923 Sundries .. • • • • • • • • • • • ■ 33 1,630 Less recoveries (maintenance payments) .. .. 522 1,108 Schools for the Mentally Backward. Salaries . • ■ • • • • • • • • • • • 9,497 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. .. .. •. .. 848 Additions to buildings : Education Purposes Loans Act, 1919 .. 5,110 Schools destroyed by fire : Rebuilding and repair .. .. .. 161 Travelling-expenses .. .. • • • • • • • • 294 Maintenance of institutions, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 5,937 Advertising, &c. .. • ■ • ■ • • • • • • 31 21,878 Less recoveries (including amounts received from .. 3,830 parents and others and sales of farm produce) 18,0481} Child Welfare. Maintenance of buildings .. .. •• •• 2,729 New buildings : Education Purposes Loans Act, 1919 .. 1,660 Buildings destroyed by fire: Repairs .. .. .. 16 4,405 Carried forward .. .. .. .. [ 4,405 3,909,681 * Including £368 paid from national-endowment reserves revenue. t Daring the year £808 was recovered from the Fire Insurance Fund in the hands of the Public Trustee. . t Including £2,080 paid from national-endowment reserves revenue and £282 paid from Tauranga Reserve endowment revenue. § Including £234 paid from national-endowment reserves revenue. H Including £220 paid from national-endowment reserves revenue. If Including £374 paid from national-endowment reserves revenue.

E—l

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

SUMMARY.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (1,050 copies), £55 10s.

Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l93l.

Price Is.]

36

£ £ £ Brought forward .. .. .. .. 4,405 3,909,681 Child Welfare —continued. Salaries ■. • • • • • • • • • • ■ • 34,904 Boarding out of children, &e. .. • • • • • • 88,486 Refund of maintenance payments .. • • • • • • 241 Refund of inmates' earnings .. .. • • • ■ ■ • 58 Travelling and removal expenses.. .. •• •• •• 8,041 Legal expenses .. . • • - • • • • • • 50 Department of Internal Affairs — Payment for services of 20 Registrar-General's Branch Payment to Post and Telegraph Department for services, &c. .. 790 Rent, office requisites, &c. .. .. .. •• •• 2,150 Maintenance of inmates in Government institutions, &c. .. .. 27,597 Maintenance of inmates sent to other institutions .. •. .. 254 Maintenance of inmates in private institutions .. . • .. 1,936 Wages of inmates .. .. • • • • • • • • 244 Sundries .. . • • ■ • • . • ■ • • • • 6 169,182 Less recoveries (amounts received from parents .. 35,522 and others, and sales of farm produce, &c.) 133,660* Material and Stores. Salaries .. .. • • • • • • • • • ■ 1,218 Stores and material purchased .. .. •• •• 4,872 Lighting, cleaning, cartage, &c. .. .. . ■ • • • • 121 6,211 Less recoveries (stores issued and issues on pay- .. 6,994 ments) Or. 783 Miscellaneous. Examination expenses: Teachers', Public Service, Scholar- ; 6,673 ships, and technological Less recoveries .. .. .. ••! 5,537 | 1,136 Grading and Certificates of Teachers: Courts of Appeal, 1 .. 587 inquiries, &c. War bursaries .. .. .. .. ■ • • • • ■ 508 Teachers' Superannuation Fund — Government contribution .. .. .. • • 43,000 Additional allowances to widows and children .. .. 3,907 Free Kindergartens— 46,907 Government capitation .. .. .. • • 5,243 New buildings : Education Purposes Loans Act, 1919 .. 1,747 6,990 Accidents to school-children and teachers .. •. • • . . 485 Compassionate allowances .. .. .. - • • • 87 Conference of Education Authorities .. . • •. -. 103 Cost of publishing histories of education in New Zealand .. .. 530 Exhibitions .. .. .. . ■ • • • • • • 3 Expenses of officers and teachers travelling abroad .. .. . . 136 Grant towards expenses of Dr. Beeby .. .. .. .. 25 Expenses of Select Committee on Education .. .. .. 1,022 j Grant towards cost of producing school text-book .. .. .. 150 j Purchase of motor-cars (to be recovered) .. .. ■ • ., 229 j Salaries of exchange teachers .. .. .. .. •• 1,081 Storage and despatch of stores and stationery .. .. . . 61 Supervision of ex-pupils of retardate and other special classes .. 29 Sundries .. .. .. .. ■ • • • • ■ 5 Purchase of motor-buses (for conveyance of school-children).. .. 530 Compensation to builder for stoppage of contract .. .. .. 35 60,639 Less recoveries (motor-cars, £123; salaries of exchange .. 1,264 teachers, £1,107; sale of flags, £10; expenses of officers travelling abroad, £24) 59,375 Total .. .. ■■ r ' £4,101,933 * Including £3,940 paid (rom national-endowment reserves revenue.

q • Paid from Parlia- Paid from Tntite service. mentary Votes. Eeserves Revenue. £ £ £ General Ad ministration .. .. .. .• .. 42,284 .. 42,284 Elementary Education .. .. .. •• •• 2,388,331 149,088 2,537,419 Secondary Education .. .. .. •• •• 506,833 20,989 527,822 Technical Instruction .. .. .. .. .. 298,537 5,425 303,962 Training Colleges, &c. .. .. •• •• •• 168,355 4,460 172,815 Higher Education .. .. •• •• •• 178,066 13,869 191,935 Native Schools .. •• •• •• •• 96,789 2,312 99,101 Physical Instruction .. .. .. .. .. 8,641 234 8,875 School for the Deaf .. .. .. •• .. 6,092 220 6,312 Education of the Blind .. .. .. .. .. 1,108 . . 1,108 Schools for the Mentally Backward .. .. .. 17,674 374 18,048 Child Welfare .. ' .. .. .. . • .. 129,720 3,940 133,660 Material and Stores .. .. .. .. . • Cr. 783 .. Or. 783 Miscellaneous Services .. .. .. .. .. 59,375 .. 59,375 Totals .. .. £3,901,022 £200,9! 1 £4,101,933