MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (ELEVENTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH, 1931. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate and Article 22 of the Covenant.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1931 Session I-II, A-04

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1931. NEW ZEALAND.

MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (ELEVENTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH, 1931. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate and Article 22 of the Covenant.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

Sir, — Prime Minister's Office, Wellington, N.Z.. 13th July, 1931. I have the honour to forward herewith the Eleventh Annual Report on the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa, for the year ended 31st March, 1931. This Report has been prepared by the Administrator of Western Samoa, and adopted by the New Zealand Government as its report for the purposes of Article 6 of the Mandate, and in conformity with Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. A copy has been forwarded direct to each member of the Permanent Mandates Commission, and 120 additional copies have been despatched to you under separate cover. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, G. W. Forbes, The Secretary-General, League of Nations, Geneva. Prime Minister. CONTENTS. PAGE Administrator's Report .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Departmental Reports .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Questionnaire .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 Appendix A—Answers to Inquiries by the Permanent Mandates Commission .. 30 Appendix B —Charts and Map .. .. ~ .. .. . 32

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INDEX.

PAGE PAGE Administration .. .. .. .. 2 Medical. (See Health.) Agriculture .. .. .. .. 5 Military Organizations .. .. .. 28 Alcoholic Liquor .. .. .. 28 Moral, Social, and Material Welfare .. .. 29 Arms Traffic .. .. .. 28 Native Affairs .. .. .. .. 3,5 Bananas .. .. .. .. 3,5,14,15 New Zealand Reparation Estates .. .. 4 Cacao .. .. .. .. 3, 14,15 Observatory .. .. .. 21 Chinese Labour .. .. .. .. 4 Police and Prisons .. .. .. 17 Copra .. .. .. .. 5,14,15 Population. (See Statistics.) Customs .. .. .. .. ..14 Post and Telegraph.. .. .. .. 19 Drug Traffic .. .. .. 28 Public Trust ~ .. .. 27 Economic Equality .. .. .. 28 Public Works .. .. .. .. 21 Education .. .. .. .. .. 13, 28 Quarantine.. .. .. .. .. 8 Engineering and Transport .. .. .. 2 Radio .. .. .. .. 27 Finance .. .. .. .. 2,23,29 Rubber .. .. .. .. ..14,15 Food and Drags .. .. :. .. 8 Sanitation .. .. .. .. .. 8 Harbour .. .. .. .. 16 Shipping .. .. .. .. 15 Health Department .. .. .. 3, 7, 29, 31 Staff .. .. .. .. .. 27, 31 Honours .. .. .. .. .. 2 Statistics — Infectious Diseases .. .. .. .. 8 Demographic .. .. .. 29 Justice .. .. .. .. 13 General .. .. .. .. 10, 14,30 Labour .. .. .. .. .. 17 Vital .. .. .. .. .. 8 Lands and Survey .. .. .. 20 Trade .. .. .. .. .. 3 Legislation .. .. .. .. .. 2,5 Wireless. (See Radio.) Legislative Council .. .. .. .. 2 Charts .. .. .. .. 32 Marine .. .. .. .. 14 Map .. .. .. .. 35

ANNUAL REPORT BY THE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE YEAR 1930-31.

The Annual Report on Western Samoa for the year 1930-31 is submitted in similar form to those of previous years. It comprises (1) the Administrator's covering remarks, (2) departmental reports, (3) answers to the League of Nations Questionnaire, (4) answers to special inquiries by the Permanent Mandates Commission, and (5) charts and map. I. HONOURS. The honour of being appointed an Honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire was conferred on Malietoa Tanumafili in the New Year honours for 1931. This is the first occasion on which any Samoan has received such an honour, and it has given great satisfaction to the community. 11. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL. Two sessions of the Council have been held during the year, but the legislation dealt with has been mainly in the direction of consolidating the existing law. I thank the elected members, Messrs. A. W. Johnston and S. H. Meredith, for the help they have given me, and for the counsel and advice they have so willingly offered at all times, as well as for their careful attention to the business of the Council. I also thank Malietoa and Mata'afa for their valuable assistance, and for their advice on Native matters, which has been of great service to me. 111. LEGISLATION. His Honour the Chief Judge, Mr. J. H. Luxford, has been busy throughout the year in making a thorough scrutiny of the law in force in the Territory, with a view to simplifying and completing it. The work done already is of great value. IV. FINANCE. The year has been a difficult one from the financial point of view. Adjustments have been in progress between the Administration and the Reparation Estates, with a view to separating their assets, and, in particular, the Engineering and Transport Department, including the hydro-electric scheme, was purchased by the Administration at a cost exceeding £26,000. Other large non-recurring items of expenditure have been met, such as the purchase of a reserve south of Vailima from the Estates— partly for school purposes and partly for scenery-preservation. A further area has been bought from the Estates adjoining the prison farm, and some smaller pieces of land for compensation and other purposes. In addition, the full cost of the police for the year and all local expenses incurred in connection with the stay of H.M.S. " Dunedin " early in 1930 have been met by the Samoan Treasury. At the same time, the revenue has tended to fall, and rigid economy has had to be practised. In view of these extraordinary demands for expenditure, the results of the year's financial operations are very satisfactory.

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V. TRADE. f There is again a decrease in value in both import and export trade. The volume of export trade has been fully maintained, for, though copra shows some falling-off, it is made up for in the substantial increase in exports of cacao and bananas, the number of cases of the latter shipped during the year being almost double the number for 1929. Unfortunately, recent storms did great damage, and the banana crop will not recover before June. The low price obtained for produce, and particularly copra, causes anxiety, but fortunately the islands are not now entirely dependent on one crop alone. The total trade for the year was £559,870 (made up of imports, £275,355, and exports, £284,515), as compared with £582,787 for 1929 (made up of imports, £288,849, and exports, £293,938). VI. HEALTH. The health of the community has been good. In the last three months there have been scattered cases of bacillary dysentery, which at first caused some anxiety, but the disease has not occurred in a severe form or shown a tendency to develop into a general epidemic. Dengue fever also made its first general appearance in the Territory in June, 1930, having appeared likewise in adjacent island groups, but its effects are relatively mild and harmless. Three more Native medical practitioners graduated from the Suva Medical School, making six in all now working in Samoa, and the reports from Suva on Samoan students have been most gratifying. The medical staff is now entirely adequate, and all hospitals and nursing posts are manned. VII. NATIVE AFFAIRS. Native unrest has steadily diminished during the year, and as it died away several of the known agitators left the country and the discordant element has become less conspicuous. When H.M.S. " Dunedin " left in March, 1930, after completing operations against the Mau, a detachment of Marines remained behind until early in April. As soon as the Marines went, some sixty Mau chiefs, including Tuimalealiifano, gathered with a view to resuming Mau activities. They were promptly arrested by the police, and were sentenced to short terms of imprisonment. Various subsequent meetings have been held since, in the bush or by stealth in villages, but the more influential chiefs have taken no part, and interest in the movement has died out. The centenary celebrations of the London Missionary Society were a factor in the improvement of the situation, as they formed a centre of attraction for the great majority of the population, and for several months completely occupied their thoughts to the exclusion of other matters. During the preparations for this event mutual animosities were suspended, and the successful outcome of the meetings, culminating in the big gatherings at Sapapali'i and Malua at the end of August, helped very largely to dissipate the remnants of agitation. The time was ripe for change ; the Samoans had already tired of strife, and when they found they could meet together again quite happily in functions from which the disturbing elements of controversy were absent they were content afterwards to resume their former associations and abandon the bitterness of the past three years. The change of feeling was very manifest when the Land and Titles Commission held its sittings in October. The former Mau elements were represented among the Native assessors, and took part freely in the proceedings—a striking contrast to the previous year, when the power of the Mau was sufficient to prevent claimants from stating their cases, to intimidate witnesses, and to " fine " many of those who participated. In pursuance of a promise made at the fonos held with the Mau in March, 1930, the Administrator proceeded to call a representative fono of the Samoan people to meet at Mulinu'u. It was left to each district to appoint its own representatives, in accordance with the number of the former Faipules, and the Administrator also invited the Fautuas and two or three other leading chiefs, including former heads of the Mau, to be present. Representatives from all districts were appointed in writing, signed by the " matais." Rather more than 20 per cent, of the matais signed the appointments, but, as in some districts a few only were delegated by the rest to sign, this number may be taken to represent about a third of the matais of the country. The Mau held aloof from signing nominations, though in many districts they joined in making the actual choice. This representative fono met in June, and lasted three days. Satisfaction was expressed at the general state of the country, and the main result of the fono was the expression of a strong wish by the representatives for the reconstitution of the Fono of Faipules. In accordance with the desire of the representative fono, the Administrator decided to summon a new Fono of Faipules, and invited districts to nominate Faipules in writing, as had been done in the case of the representatives. Nominations were duly made, and the person selected was in each case appointed as Faipule by the Administrator accordingly. Of the thirty-three Faipules, twenty - two formerly held office, and eleven are new j the latter take the placc of one old Faipule promoted to Fautua, two deceased, one dismissed some time prior to 1928, one is additional, and there are six changes for no special reasons. Two of the new Faipules were at one time prominent in the Mau. The appointments have been made for one year only, and fresh nominations will then be asked for in order to give all who failed to co-operate an opportunity of taking further part in the choice of Faipules if they wish.

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The Fono of Faipules assembled in November. The meeting lasted for three days. The Kai pules were able to discuss any business they wished, but they considered that, as matters were progressing favourably in the country, it was unwise to do anything that might again excite agitation, and so they avoided contentious questions. The position now is generally satisfactory. Increasing peace and harmony prevail. The active phase of the Mau appears to have ended, and there are few Samoans taking any interest in it. There is still a passive phase, in which co-operation with the Administration is not complete, but in almost every district the Samoans are now working together and uniting in all their former normal relations, among themselves and with the Administration officials, in all local affairs. The movement itself has changed in character with loss of strength, and is engaged (so far as it exists at all) in the collection of money for the purposes of propaganda in Auckland. While the Mau has ceased for the time to be of practical importance, it may be expected to revive a little for the benefit of tourists as each dry season recurs, and its complete end may be delayed if the financial returns from visitors are sufficient. The women's Mau deserves a passing notice. Its monthly appearance when the mail-steamer arrived produced a dwindling parade of its members through Apia to the end of 1930. On the 28th December a general muster of all its supporters was ordered, for a march to the tomb of the late Tamasese, to be followed by a religious service ; 454 took part in the procession, and 613 of all ages were present at the service. This was its last appearance, but it also may be expected to revive in the dry season, for financial reasons, if tourists are plentiful. Reference has been made above to the centenary of the London Missionary Society in Samoa. The meetings in connection with this occasion were very large. The ceremony at Sapapali'i, on Savai'i, consisting of the opening of the memorial church and unveiling of a stone erected on the spot where the pioneer missionary, John Williams, landed, was attended almost exclusively by Samoans, who numbered perhaps eight thousand persons. The central figure of the proceedings was Malietoa Tanumafili, great-grandson of Malietoa Vai'inupo, who in 1830 became the friend and supporter of the Mission, and the meetings were conducted with dignity and success along ancient Native lines with much interesting ceremonial. At Malua the celebrations were of a more varied character. All classes, as well as members of all religious sects, joined to make the occasion one of great happiness ; and it is to be hoped that the same united spirit will be shown in future religious celebrations in Samoa. In March, 1931, the Rev. F. G. Lewis, who had occupied the position of Secretary of Native Affairs for several years, left Samoa in order to resume work with his Church. His intimate knowledge of the Samoan language and close association with the people for ten years particularly adapted him for the work of his office, from which he will be greatly missed. He is succeeded by Mr. W. Mcßride, who comes to Samoa from the New Zealand Public Service and has been specially chosen for the purpose. In March, 1931, also, a transaction was completed which has been pending for some time —the gift of the use of some 18,000 acres of land in the Falealili district to the people of that district. This land was alienated by the Natives many years ago, and became the property of the New Zealand Government as part of the Reparation Estates. The Administrator visited Falealili, and held meetings at Poutasi and Salani on the 17th March to announce the completion of the gift. A final caution as to Native affairs may not be out of place. The system of government in the past has been largely paternal, depending on the influence of the Administrator working through the Native Office and acting on the chiefs —the ali'i and faipule. The influence of the chief, in turn, has been paramount in his own family, and the lesser chiefs have submitted to those of higher standing. The authority of the chiefs is crumbling, and they do not receive the same implicit obedience and respect as formerly. The effect of the Mau has been to hasten the decay of the social structure, by undermining the influence of the chiefs through divisions in the family and through setting up a vague outside authority as an excuse for disobedience to the Matai. This process was probably inevitable, and in the advance of every similar community towards civilization there occurs a period when the rule of the chiefs begins to decline and to be replaced by outside forces. Such a period of transition must always be one of difficulty, and care is necessary, on the one hand, to check a too rapid development, and to maintain the system of paternal control for so long as it remains useful, and, on the other hand, to guide and direct, rather than to antagonize, the influences which may some day replace the patriarchal system. VIII. CHINESE LABOUR. A small reduction in the number of Chinese labourers has been effected during the year, and a further reduction will occur when the next transport is arranged, which will probably be during 1931. These reductions have been effected partly through more efficient plantation management, and partly through increasing employment of Samoans as they adapt themselves to plantation work. IX. NEW ZEALAND REPARATION ESTATES. The management of the New Zealand Reparation Estates has been entirely severed from the Administration. The estates are now in the hands of a General Manager, and the Board of Control has ceased to exist.

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X. ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS. As usual a number of changes have occurred in the staff, and this year in particular there have been changes both in the position of Secretary to the Administration and Secretary for Native Affairs. The loyalty of the staff has been greatly appreciated by the Administrator, who desires to place on record his thanks for the assistance he has received and for the faithful service that has been rendered. The Public Service in Samoa has proved itself capable and efficient, and the work of the Samoan Native officials throughout a difficult period has been excellent. XI. LEGISLATION. The following laws and legislative measures were brought into force during the year : — In New Zealand— The Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1930. The Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1930 (No. 2). The Samoa Dangerous Drugs Order, 1930. The Samoa Immigration Order, 1930. The Samoa Imprisonment for Debt Limitation Order, 1930. The Samoa Reciprocal Administration Order, 1930. The Samoa Treasury Regulations, 1930. Rules of the High Court of Western Samoa amended (15th September, 1930). Rules of the High Court of Western Samoa amended (11th November, 1930). The New Zealand Reparation Estates Amendment Order, 1930. The New Zealand Reparation Estates Amendment Order (No. 2), 1930. The New Zealand Reparation Estates Service Amendment Order, 1930. In Samoa— No. 1/1930. —The Personal-tax Enforcement Ordinance. No. 2/1930. —The Overseas Passengers Landing Deposits Repeal Ordinance. No. 1/1931. —The Ordinances and Law-revision Ordinance. XII. GENERAL. On the eve of his departure from Samoa, the Administrator desires to express his sincere thanks to all those who have assisted him in various ways during his term of office. It would be impossible to mention the names of so many, but in particular the Administrator wishes to record his appreciation of the kindness of the heads and members of the missionary bodies, especially the Roman Catholic, London Missionary Society, and Methodist missions ; also of the co-operation and support of the planters and of the professional and business community. He desires to note the courtesy of the Market Hall pictures and Tifaga pictures, controlled respectively by the Hon. S. H. Meredith and Messrs. H. W. Moors and others, in the loan of picture films for malaga and other entertainments. Finally, he must specially mention the work and help of so many Samoans, chiefs and others, who have given their loyal support under difficult conditions, and are now living, he believes, under happier conditions. The increasingly harmonious relations of all classes which have prevailed during the last few months are a source of much satisfaction, and will always be a pleasant memory. DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. NATIVE AFFAIRS. There has been an increase in the number of disputes brought for settlement before the Native Department branch of the High Court, particularly in connection with lands and titles. A long sitting of the Land and Titles Commission was held during the year, the proceedings being conducted with willingness and support from all parties. There is also an increasing tendency for Native matters of diverse kinds to be brought before this Department for settlement or advice. The Fono of Faipules was called together again in November. Its discussions at this meeting were of a general character only. Agriculture. Despite low prices, production of copra has been fairly well maintained, and the decrease in earnings from this source has been relieved to some extent by the increasing exportations of bananas. Trade statistics are given in the report of the Customs Department Regular returns of rhinoceros-beetles collected are furnished by the Native officials —the numbers are somewhat less than last year. Preparations are now well in hand for an early attack on this pest by entomological methods.

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Cases dealt with by the High Court (Native Department Branch) from 1st April, 1930, to 31st March, 1931.

Numbers of Samoan District Officials as at 31st March, 1931 (Native Department only).

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rp . i Referred -kt ° f Finally to Land A , Number J A A m-., Ad- , disposed and litles • i d. «<• 1 " ~ • sion. f " i I (a) Upolu. Land disputes .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 2 7 3 Titles disputes .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 2 9 5 Samoa Natives Titles Protection Order, 1928 .. .. 9 4 .. 5 Maintenance of Authority in Native Affairs Ordinance (No. 2), 187 187 1928 Civil claims ... .. .. .. .. .. 6 5 .. 1 Breaches of the peace .. .. .. .. .. 5 4 1 Samoa Seditious Organizations Regulations, 1930 .. .. 94 94 Unpaid taxes .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 3 1.. 1 Totals .. .. .. ..335 303 16 16 (b) Savai'i. Contempt of Court ,. .. .. .. .. 152 150 .. 2 Samoa Seditious Organizations Regulations, 1930 .. .. 2 2 Adultery .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Theft and receiving stolen property .. .. .. 1 1 Theft 6 6 Provoking a breach of peace .. .. .. .. 2 2 Assault.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 Prevention of Intimidation Ordinance, 1921.. .. .. 1 1 Breach of section 32, Police Offences Ordinance, 1922 .. 1 1 Breach of section 29, Police Offences Ordinance, 1922 .. 1 1 Failure to pay personal tax .. .. .. .. 21 21 Furious riding on public road .. .. .. .. 1 1 Breaches of Arms Ordinance, 1921 .. .. .. 11 11 .. ... Cattle-trespass .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 Wilful damage to property .. .. .. .. 1 1 Insulting words towards an official .. .. .. 2 2 Breach of Samoa Native Titles Protection Order, 1928 .. 1 1 Civil claims .. .. .. .. •. .. 88 88 Totals .. .. .. 297 295 2

Rank. Upolu. Savai'i. Total. Fautua (Native Advisers and members of the 2 .. < 2 Legislative Council) Faipule (members of Fono of Faipules) .. 19 14 33 Pule Fa'ato'aga (Lands Inspectors) .. .. 10 6 16 Komisi (Lands and Titles Commissioners) . . 8 6 14 Pulenu'u (Village Rulers) .. .. .. 79 37 116 Failautusi (clerks to other officials) .. .. 2 .. 2 Teuala (roadmen) .. .. .. .. 3 .. 3 Leoleo (orderlies to Native officials) .. .. 11 .. 11 131 63 197 *Faatonu (Advisers to District Officers) .. 13 9 22 * The Faatonu aro also Faipule.

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HEALTH DEPARTMENT. Public Health. Early in June dengue was introduced, apparently from Fiji and possibly by way of Pago Pago, and spread slowly over both islands. There were 199 admissions to the Apia Hospital, but this represents only a small portion of the actual cases. Only one death is known to have occurred, and in this instance no post-mortem could be held. Towards the end of 1930 bacillary dysentery was also reported from Savai'i, and later became general, but has since subsided. Yaws malagas have been made in both islands, and every district has been catered for, though the number of attendances for injections was not so large as had been hoped. The Administrator, accompanied by the Chief Medical Officer, made his annual malagas round both islands in May and June, beginning in Savai'i, where eleven days were spent, whilst Upolu was visited from the 30th June to the 21st July, Manono being also included. The general health of the people seen pn route was good. In April Safotu Hospital was put in charge of a Native medical practitioner, who also has paid periodical visits to Falelima. In January, 1931, three Native medical practitioners returned from the Central Medical School, Suva, having passed their final examination very creditably. Ten candidates in all presented themselves for the examination, of whom eight passed, and the three Samoans occupied first, fourth, and fifth places. lelu Kuresa, who was taking a refresher course of one year, -headed the list, and was also first in medicine, surgery, and public health, whilst he was second in materia medica. He was awarded Sir Maynard Hedstrom's gold medal in public health. The fourth Samoan student, Okesene, was successful in passing the first-year examination, and gained Sir Henry Scott's gold medal in anatomy. The results of the scheme speak very well for the future, and are a striking testimony to the efficiency of the teaching staff of the school. Three students were sent to Suva in January to make up the quota of four. The course of study at the school was increased during the year from three to four years. The Chief Medical Officer paid a short visit to the Medical School in Suva at the end of August, and again had the privilege of seeing Makogai Leper Asylum by courtesy of the medical authorities in Fiji. The attendance at the Apia Hospital is about the same as last year, but Tuasivi and Aleipata show a marked decrease. The map which accompanies this report shows the various centres at which Natives can obtain medical treatment. The figures below show that Upolu carries nearly twice the population of Savai'i, and that the Apia Hospital District contains two-thirds of the whole population of Upolu. The numbers given below refer to the corresponding districts on the map.

(a) Apia Hospital Area.—This district, comprising as it does 66 per cent, of the total population of Upolu, is the easiest district to work. It extends from Mulifanua and Manono, twenty-two miles to the west, to Falefa, a few miles nearer on the east coast, and has some very fair motor-roads, with frequent motor-bus services in both directions. Early in February of 1931 a dispensary was opened at Mulifanua, with a Native medical practitioner in charge, who has the western and south-western ends of the island under his care. The main hospital in Apia has a staff of four European medical officers, including the Chief Medical Officer, a European nursing staff consisting of a Matron and eight nursing sisters, and twenty-five Native nurses and probationers. In addition to the four Native students in Suva, four Native cadets are attached to the hospital staff for preparatory training. The hospital, in addition to a well-equipped operating-theatre, has a large laboratory, X-ray plant, and electric-light installation. The senior Native medical practitioner acts as a travelling unit, with headquarters at the Apia Hospital. (b) Aleipata Hospital Area still has a Native medical practitioner in charge, with a Samoan cadet and two Native nurses to assist him. He makes malagas at frequent intervals in his district for yaws and hookworm treatment, and visits patients in his district as required. (c) Lefaga-Safata Area has now again three dispensaries, in charge of trained Native nurses—at Matautu, Lotofaga, and Satalo. (d) Fagaloa Bay, which is very difficult of access, still has a Native nurse in charge. (e) Tuasivi Hospital Area has a Native medical practitioner in charge, with one cadet and two trained nurses to assist him.

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Area. | p 0 p^tf 0n j ■ Districts included. Upolu— (a) Apia Hospital area .. .. .. 18,053 12, 13, 15, 15a, 16, 17, and 22. (b) Aleipata Hospital area .. .. 5,424 20, 20a, and 21. (c) Lefaga-Safata area .. .. .. 3,047 14, 15b, and 18. (d) Fagaloa Bay area .. .. .. 912 19. Savai'i— (e) Tuasivi Hospital area .. .. 6,356 1, 2, and 4. (/) Safotu Hospital area.. .. .. 3,950 3, and part of 7. (g) Salailua-Asau area .. .. .. 3,926 5, 6, part of 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11.

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(/) Safotu Hospital was reopened in April with a Native medical practitioner and a trained nurse to assist him. The hospital has been reconditioned, and is now doing good work. There is also a Native trained nurse in the dispensary at Fagamalo. (g) Falelima Hospital is now in charge of a Native medical practitioner, with a trained nurse. Sataua dispensary has a trained Native nurse. Infectious Diseases. These include all cases notified in the Territory during the year : Beriberi, 8 ; bacillary dysentery, 9 ; chicken-pox, 9 ; dengue, 232 ; enteric-fever group, 37 ; erysipelas, 2 ; leprosy, 5 ; lobar pneumonia, 82 ; bronchial pneumonia, 6 ; puerperal septicaemia, 13 ; pulmonary and other tuberculosis, 24 ; syphilis, 1 (sailor on a ship —non-resident). (1) Dengue was prevalent from June to the end of the year. (2) Dysentery (bacillary) began again at the end of 1930. (3) Yaws : 5,560 treatments were given during the year in the Territory. (4) Hookworm : 151 treatments were given ; all mild cases. (5) Leprosy : 5 new cases, of whom 2 died in hospital (1 Samoan male and 1 Samoan female). Four cases in Hospital awaiting transfer to Makogai. At Makogai on the 31st December, 1930 : Half-castes, 1 ; Samoans, 9; Chinese, 1 ; Melanesians, 3(1 Samoan female having been discharged as cured, 27th September, 1930). (6) Enteric-fever group : 37 cases notified in the Territory. Note.—The fact that in some instances above the number of cases reported during the year is less than " admissions " to Apia Hospital shown in a later table is explained by the fact that the latter includes cases reported during the previous year and in hospital on the Ist January, 1930. Quarantine. During the calendar year 113 vessels arrived from overseas, and pratique was granted in every case. Quarantine intelligence service : This has been maintained as described in previous reports. Food and Drugs. The New Zealand Food and Drugs Act, 1908, with its regulations, is in force in Western Samoa. During the year the following foodstuffs were condemned and destroyed under the supervision of the Inspector of Health : Meat in kegs, 290 lb. ; frozen meat, 72 lb. ; canned meat, 174 lb. ; fish, 54 lb. ; fruit, 82 lb. ; fresh meat, 264 lb. ; butter, 30 lb. ; bacon, 42 lb. ; biscuits, 228 lb. There are twenty bakers, fifteen restaurant-keepers, six butchers, and five barbers holding licenses to trade in the Territory. Sanitation. Eighty-nine permits were issued under the Board of Health Regulations ; 12 drainage and plumbing plans were examined, 5 being altered to comply with the above regulations ; septic tanks constructed, 7 ; water-closets installed, 8 ; sinks installed, 18 ; cast-iron baths installed, 2 ; lavatory basins, 12 ; greasetraps installed, 1 ; urinals installed, 2. During the year under review 50 sanitary fittings and 587 ft. of drainage were completed, as against 55 sanitary fittings and 548 ft. of drainage in 1929. Number of loads of rubbish removed to the dump, 1,262. Vital Statistics (Samoan) for the Calendar Year 1930. NATIVE POPULATION, WESTERN SAMOA (ESTIMATED). Males. Females. Total. At Ist January, 1930 .. .. .. .. 20,686 20,036 40,722 Live births during 1930 .. .. .. 668 649 1,317 Arrivals from overseas .. .. .. .. 596 474 1,070 Deaths during 1930 .. .. .. .. 255 224 479 Departures for overseas .. .. .. 541 421 962 Population 31st December, 1930 (estimated) .. 21,154 20,514 41,668 Natural increase .. .. .. .. 413 425 838 Excess of arrivals over departures .. .. 55 53 108 Total increase in population .. .. .. 468 478 946 The percentage increase in population during 1930, according to these figures, is 2-32, as compared with 2-12 in 1929, 1-67 in 1928, and 3-18 in 1927. The arrivals and departures balance each other over a period of years. BIRTHS. The births of 1,317 living children were registered during 1930, giving a birth-rate per 1,000 of mid-year population of 31-97. For 1929, 1928, and 1927 the figures were 1,408, 863, and 1,636, the birth-rates being 34-94, 21-82, and 42-37 respectively. The unreliability of the figures for 1928 has been remarked upon in previous reports.

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Births by Months, 1930.

There were 18 still-births reported, which are not included either as births or deaths in the various figures and rates given in this report. The still-birth rate per 100 live births for the last four years is as follows: 1927, 1-53; 1928, 1-04; 1929, 0-92; 1930, 1-36. DEATHS. During the year 479 deaths were registered, giving a death-rate per 1,000 of mid-year population of 11-63, whereas during 1929, 1928, and 1927 the deaths registered numbered 599, 219, and 495, with death-rates of 14-86, 5-53, and 12-82 respectively.

Deaths by Months, 1930.

Ages at Death (Samoans), 1930.

The infant - mortality rate for the year 1930 is 61 per 1,000 registered births, as against 70 for 1929 and 58 for 1928.

Percentage of Deaths at Different Ages to Total Deaths.

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Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. August. Sept. . Oct. Nov. Dec. Total. I I I Males.. 51 ! 56 32 78 52 i 10 97 52 49 114 36 41 668 Females 58 52 39 60 58 11 95 47 45 95 48 41 649 Totals.. 109 108 71 138 110 j 21 192 99 94 209 84 82 1,317

Jan. Feb. March.' April. ' May. June. July. August. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total. Males .. 22 18 22 27 13 7 36 16 17 33 26 18 255 Females 20 17 16 23 11 8 29 14 17 37 14 18 224 Totals.. 42 35 38 50 24 | 15 65 30 34 70 40 36 479

£ i. i. i I £ i -■S I g f a iLi i«j § « S i i I _• _ a a a!a a o .3 if ! s ! Issfifii iJ 5 s '* 5 s is l -< n ec ■«* 10 v3 1 I- nr- <n : co £ S » -m cm co o H I ill i I ' J III I I « O " I I I I »-4 © i-h eli co | i/i | to © h | }i co o | H h cj i eo | a i I i i i i M a i es 7 1 1 1 3 1 2 16 2 2 .. 20 8 5 13 46 11 5 7 13 7 166 255 Females " .. 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 9 4 3 1 17 5 4 18 44 7 8 4 4 S 149 224 Totals 77 2 2 4 2 3 25 6 5 1 37j 13 9 31 90 18 1311 17 15 315 479

Number of Deaths. Percentage of lotal Deaths. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1928. 1929. 1930. I ! Under 1 week .. .. .. • • 9 23 25 4-11 3-84 5-22 From 1 week to 1 month .. .. 12 14 12 5*48 2-34 2-50 From 1 month to 3 months .. .. 2 19 13 0-91 3-1 < 2-72 From 3 months to 6 months .. .. 10 19 9 4-57 3-17 1-88 From 6 months to 12 months .. .. 17 23 31 7-77 3*84 6-47 From 1 year to 2 years .. .. 10 96 18 4-57 16-03 3-76 From 2 years to 3 years .. .. 4 30 13 1-82 5-01 2-72 From 3 years to 4 years .. .. 5 9 11 2-28 1-50 2-31 From 4 years to 5 years .. .. 4 13 17 1*82 2-17 From 5 years to 10 years .. .. 10 36 15 4-57 6-01 Over 10 years 136 317 315 62-10 52-92 65-75 Tota l 8 219 | 599 j 479 100-00 100-00 1 100-00

A.—4

Hospital and Dispensary Statistics for the Year ending December, 1930.

A further dispensary was opened at Mulifanua, February, 1931.

Revenue and Expenditure of the Department of Health for the Five Years ended 31st March, 1931.

* Expenditure shown does not include interest and sinking fund on capital expenditure, cost of repairs to buildings, and miscellaneous expenditure under head XV of general estimates, such as travelling-expenses of officers on leave, &c. Expenditure under these heads does not come under the control of the Department of Health. f This amount is hypothetical. The subsidy from the New Zealand Government is not specifically allocated to special services, but is granted for general purposes. t Fees. § Includes sales of stores, £388. Apia Hospital. There is a slight decrease in the number of admissions in each hospital, except Tuasivi, which shows a marked increase. The Samoan maternity fale accommodated 57 patients during the year, making a total of 234 since it was opened in July, 1926. There are no structural alterations to report. Statistics. The admissions to hospital are calculated for the calendar year 1930. Treatment: Medical and Surgical. On the medical side 199 cases of dengue were admitted, Europeans, Samoans, and Chinese all being affected. Lobar pneumonia accounts for 40 cases, whilst the admissions in the enteric-fever group number 32. As compared with last year, there is a small increase in major surgical operations. Six cases of malignant disease were met with, and 17 cases of tuberculosis. Chinese Coolies and Melanesian Labourers. The admissions under this heading are only a few short of the numbers recorded last year. Note. During the year two most interesting cases of larva migrans were met with in the personnel of H.M.S. " Dunedin," and a third case was noted on board the ship. These cases were all contracted whilst on duty in the native bush behind Leauva'a, and, although the larva was not identified, were probably due to the Ancylostoma caninum, though to date no similar cases have been seen in Samoans. This may be due to the fact that the thicker cuticle of the foot and ankle in Samoans mitigates the intense irritation felt by the European patients who suffered from this disorder, and consequently the Samoans who may have been affected similarly would probably not seek treatment.

10

Hospitals. ||| Dispensaries. , N l£p5ffits° f i i 1 ~r j ' T" (j .2 SB I 81 s M tc S « c _____ ct ® H o • « s i S3 J S ! I 1 a I i - 3. ' * JS&S . Stations. — o. § n a a So 5- «g'3 § g 2 | S I •a § i ! s oqfl & s S I 6 I <3 W CO 55 (а) In hospital, 1/1/30 .. 30 28; 3 23 84 Falelima .. 103 (a) 6 68 8 2 (б) Admitted during year .. 1,148 226 27 139 1,540 Fagamalo .. 771 (6) 256 915 325 44 (c) Discharged during year .. 1,097 238 23 155 1,513 Sataua .. 41 (c) 251 913 309 40 (d) Died during year .. .. 35 13 2 5 55 Matautu Le- 67 (d) 5 43 5 2 faga (e) Remaining, 31/12/30 .. 46 3 5 2 56 Fagaloa Bay 666 (e) 6 27 19 4 Out-patients attendances, includ- 8,963 1.334 552 1,461 14,444 Satalo .. 197 ing dressings j Manono ., 170 Treatment for hookworm .. 13 43i 9 86] 151 Lotofaga .. 119 Treatment for yaws (N.A.B. and 3,972 613] 195 780' 5,560 bicreol) Visits paid dnring vear by V.M.O. 360 87 10 17! 474 and N.M.P.s Operations— Major .. .. .. 158 21 3; 10 192 ! Minor .. .. .. 261 8 21 330 I I I

Gross Revenue (Cost of Collection not deducted). Total Percentage Expendi- i Expendi- of ture per a -o j S i -a Total Financial Year ture of Total Head of o§ c c Rovmnift (1st April to 31st March). Depart- Revenue Native § T 5 a s "8 rt mentof of Popula- r|>N £ S g g g. °V£Health.* tion. §,.2 Et > > £ % 1-S 8 f o 3 ® o 1 *3 JJ 8 .§5 « of gccZO _ I 1 " 1 3 gSh j Health. £ s. d. £ £ £ £ ! £ 1926-27 .. .. 25,912 19-4 12 5*3 14,000 7,292 1,273 2,167 24,732 1927-28 .. .. 25,597 20-3 11 11*3 14,000 962 1,375 2,002 18,339 1928-29 .. .. 24.367 17-2 11 1-6 14,000 2,474 2,568 1,896 20,938 1929-30 .. .. 18,016 11-9 8 10-2 14,000f 878J 2,547 1,803 19,228 1930-31 .. .. 18,224 12-0 8 9*0 14,000f 1,476J 2,169 2,045 20,078§

A.—4.

Apia Hospital: Attendance, Operations, &c.

11

Admissions to Hospital Admissions to Hospital during 1930. during 1930. 2 I ■ ® i I i § 2 • 2 • 5 «' ® . t | J *| a §, § f hi j § § 3 "" S § 1 § J o» « w *» 6 a a 8 | I S | a e Alimentary System. J Respiratory System. Acidosis .. .. .. .. 1 i Asthma .. .. 4 Appendicitis .. .. 5 1* .. .. 1 j Bronchitis .. .. 10 29 11 1 1 Ascites .. .. .. .. 1 \ Catarrh .. .. 1 Cholecystitis .. .. .. 1 Empyema .. .. .. .. 1 Colic .. .. .. .. 1 Pulmonary tuberculosis .. 3 9 1 1 Constipation .. .. .. 6 1 .. .. Pleurisy .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 Convulsions .. .. 1 Pneumonia, bronchial .. 1 8 .. 1 Defective eyesight .. 2 .. .. Pneumonia, lobar .. .. 3 37 .... 2 Dental extractions .. .. 9 2 Tonsil itis .. .. .. 3 1 Diarrhcea .. .. .. 1 1 Gastritis .. .. .. 3 9 2.... Totals .. .. 23 86 17 3 5 Gastrio ulcer .. 1 .. .. Gastro-enteritis .. .. 311 .. .. 1 Ischio-rectal abscess .. 1 .. 1 .. .. Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues. Jaundice .. .. .. 3 3.. .. 1 Burns and scalds .. .. 3 4 3 1 Marasmus .. .. .... 3 1 Carbuncle .. .. .. 2 1 Pyorrhoea .. .. .. .. 1 Cellulitis .. .. .. 7 8 Spleen, rupture of (spontaneous) .. .. 1 .. 1 Cyst .. .. .. .. 1 Artificial feeding, for .. .. 6 .. .. 2 ! Dermatitis .. .. 2 .. 2 Eczema .. .. .. 2 1 Totals .. 26 46 9 7 Furunculosis .. .. 5 3 2 1 Myositis tropica .. .... 2 2 1 | Ringworm .. .. .. 2 Ulcer .. .. .. 3.. 5 2.. Circulatory System. | Urticaria .. .. 1 Adenitis .. .. .. 2 2 2 .... Cardiac .. .. .... 7 3 Totals .. .. 26 19 16 4 1 Febricula .. .. .. 3 Haemorrhage .. .. .. 2 Haemorrhoids .. .. 2 1 .. .. .. Supporting Structures. Haematoma .. .. 1 Abscess .. .. 23 35 j 31 10 2 Heat-apoplexy .. .. 1 ; Arthritis .. .. .. I .. .. 2 2 Lymphangiectasia .. .. .. 1 Bursitis .. .. .. 1 Cyst .. .. .... 3 Totals .. .. 9 13 5 Fracture and dislocation .. 3 7 1 If Injuries .. .. .. | 2 7 ' Nail, ingrowing .. .. 1 Osteomyelitis .. .. .. 1 Genito-urinary System. Periostitis .. .. .. 2 .. .... Abortion .. .. .. 2 6 Rheumatism .. .. 1 7 2 Albuminuria .. .. 1 i Wounds, cuts, &c. .. .. 9 53 45 5 4 Calculus, renal and urethral 1 .. .. Sores, septic, and wounds '.. 7 4 52 2 1 Confinements .. .. 15 57 .. .. 1 Sprains .. .. .. 1 .. 4 Curettage .. .. .. .. 2 Synovitis .. .. .. 3 3 Cystitis .. .. .. 4 7 Trismus .. .. .. .. I .. 1 Elephantiasis scroti .. .. .. 1 Diabetes mellitus .. .. 1 Totals .. ..53 120 138 19 8 False labour-pains .. .. .. 1 , Gonorrhoea .. .... 6 1 2 Hernia .. .. .. 2 2 3.. .. Special-sense Organs. Hydrocele .. .. .. 3 6 Conjunctivitis .. .... 1 7 4 Leucorrhoea .. .. .. 1 Evisceration of eye .. .. 1 Orchitis .. .. 2 .. Otitis— Phimosis .. .. .. 1 (a) Externa .. .. .. 1 1 Pelvic peritonitis and cellulitis 1 2 (6) Media .. .. .. 1 Pregnancy, disorders of .. .. 1 Meningitis .. .. .. .. 1 Puerperal fever .. .. .. 1 Nasal polypi .. .. 3 1 Renal colic .. .. 1 Concussion and compression 2 Retained placenta .. .. .. 1 Panophthalmitis .. .. 1 1 1 Retention of urine .. .. .. 3 Urethritis .. .. 1 .. Totals .. . 6 6 8 5 1 Uterine disorders .. .. 1 2 Uterine fibroids .. .. .. 1 Uterine haemorrhage .. .. 4 , Infectious Diseases. Vomiting of pregnancy .. .. 1 Beriberi .. .. 14 | Chicken-pox .. .. .. 1 Totals .. 32 105 5 5 1 Dengue .. .. 52 49 95 3 1 — Dysentery, bacillary .. 1 1 .. .. 1 Enteric-fever group .. 4 26 2 .. 3 Leprosy .. .. .... 4.. 2 2 Nervous System. I Septicaemia .. .... 1 1 1 Debility .. .. .. 2 j Yaws .. .. .. 3 2 5 2.. Epilepsy .. .. .. 1 Lumbago .. .. 4 1 .. Totals .. .. 60 84 116 8 8 Malaise .. .. 2 .. .. — Meningitis .. .. .. .. 1 Neurasthenia .. .. 1 1 .. .. j .. Parasites. Mania .. .. .. 1 I .. Intestinal—Ascaris .. .. .. 11 Hysteria .. .. .. 1 | .. j Skin —Larva migrans .. 2 .. .. ,. Totals .. .. 6 2 6 1 Totals .. .. 2 11 * EMce-islander. t Skull.

A.- 4

Apia Hospital: Attendance, Operations, &c. —continued.

Remaining in hospital, 31st December, 1930, 46 ; Note. —" Admissions "in the classified statistics include cases in hospital on Ist January, 1930. Major Operations: Apia Hospital, 1930. • On skin and cellular tissues — On abdomen — General— Abscess .. .. .. 58 Appendicectomy .. .. 6 Dental extractions .. 13 Carbuncle .. .. 1 Hernia .. .. .. 4 Haemorrhoids .. .. 3 Cyst .. .. .. 4 Laparotomy .. .. 6 Ingrowing toe-nail .. .. 1 Glands .. .. .. 4 Examination under anaesthetic 1 Repair of tendons .. .. 4 On male organs— Circumcision .. .. 5 Repair of wounds .. .. 7 Castration .. .. 1 Sinus .. .. .. 3 On bone— Elephantoid scrotum .. 2 Empyema .. .. 3 Amputations .. .. 7 Hydrocele .. .. 8 Synovitis .. .. 1 Necrosis .. .. .. 1 Cystoscopy .. .. 3 On eye — On female organs— Evisceration .. .. 2 Curettage.. .. .. 4 Total .. .. 158 On nose— Hsematoma of vulva .. 1 Polypi .. .. .. 3 Suspension of uterus .. 1 Tonsillectomy .. .. 1 Apia Hospital: Report of the Laboratory, 1930. The total of routine specimens recorded is 883. The specimens comprise the following : — Faeces : Total specimens examined, 106. Ova (each specimen examined by direct smear and Willis method) : Hookworm (positive), 13 ; trichuris (positive), 3 ; ascaris (positive), 3. Adult worms : In many cases three specimens obtained after treatment were examined. Hookworm (positive), 2 ; ascaris (positive), 1 ; trichuris (positive), 1. Occult blood (positive), 6 ; macroscopic blood (positive), 1. Bacteriological examinations: Positive T. 8., 1. Total specimens examined, 29. B. dysenteries, " shiga " (positive), 2 (in all specimens the organism was confirmed by fermentation reactions and agglutination tests) ;E. hystolytica (positive), 0; B. typhosus (positive), 1. A total of 24 specimens of faeces were examined for typhosus, the positives being confirmed by agglutination tests. Chemical examinations, 1. Examinations for fat, tissue, and cells, 1. Urines : Total specimens examined, 422, containing—albumen, 185 ; sugar, 4 ; blood, 51 ; bile, 4 ; acetone, 1 ; occult blood, 6. Centrifugal deposits were examined in all but 20 of the specimens. Those containing cells, 103 ; red cells, 45 ; casts, 25. Bacteriological reports were made from smears in non-catheter specimens, and cultures in the case of catheter specimens : B. coli, 23 ; streptococci, 2 ; staphylococci, 9 ; gonococci, 1 ; enterococci, 2 ; yeast cells, 6 ; B. pyocyaneus, 1 ; T. 8., 1. Sputa : Number examined, 92. Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen smears were prepared from each specimen, while cultures were prepared from 21. Number positive for T. 8., 14. Vaccines were prepared from 3. Blood specimens: Total number of specimens examined, 114. Widals: Number done, 44. Positive B. typhosus, 21 ; positive paratyphosus " A," 0 ; positive paratyphosus " B," 0. Blood cultures : Staphylococcal, 1 ; streptococcal, 0 ; no growth, 2. Filarial examinations : Bloods examined were 17. Positive, 6. Total cell-counts : Red cells, 8 ; white cells, 45 ; haemoglobin estimations, 6 ; differential counts, 9 ; malaria, 1 ; sugar-tolerance tests, 5. Miscellaneous swabs, including specimens of pus : Total examined, 32. Reports issued from smears and cultural findings : Staphylococcal, 19 ; streptococcal, 2 ; B. coli, 4 ; B. pyocyaneus, 1. Nose and throat swabs for K.L.B. carriers, 3 ; positive, 0. Venereal examinations: Total examined, 28. Urethral (positive), 12; vaginal (positive), 0; cervical (positive), 0; eye (positive), 1 ; urines (positive), 1. Cultural examinations were made in two cases with negative results. Puncture fluids: Total examined, 4. C.S.F., 2 (streptococcal) ; pleural fluid, 1 ; fluid from abdomen, 1.

12

Admissions to Hospital Admissions to Hospital during 1930. during 1930. 2 I • g I i i, i m' a 3 » * i $ ® 9 3 §■ I S "1 3 §• S ; § £ W on O H I Q W m I 5 E 0 General. ! Tumours. Filariasis —Mumu .. .. 8 14 1 .. .. Malignant .. .. .... 1 3 2+ Foreign bodies—Nose .. .. 1 (1) CarcinomaPoisoning—Fish, food, drugs .. 2* Breast .. .. .. 1 P.U.O. .. .. .. 8 17 5 Intestinal tract .. .. 2 .. .. 1 Observation, for .. .. 1 2 1 Liver .. .. .. 1 Stiff neck .. .. 1 (2) Sarcoma .. .. .. 1 Tuberculosis —Joints, &c 3 Malingering .. 3 .. .. Totals .. .... 6 3 3 Senility .. .. .. 2 1 Grand totals .. 262 537 333 46 35 Totals .. .. 19 39 10 1 1 —- Deaths, 1930 .. 5 23 5 2 35 I I j__ ♦ Fish; kerosene. t Epithelioma. 1 readmitted.

A.—4

Leprosy : Number examined, 9. Nasal smears, 1 ; throat smears, 1 ; sections and nodular scrapings, 7. Positive, 4. Animal innoculations : Number done, 2. Puncture fluid, 1 ; gland. 1. Positive, 1. Vaccines prepared : Total, 13. Autogenous, 11 ; stock, 2. Tissue for section : Number forwarded in block, 2 ; number examined for migrans, 1. Glands from theatre: For filarial worms, 2. Ringworm, 1. Stomach-contents for examination : Fractional test, 1 (five samples) ; chemical, 1. Number of samples of beer, &c., for estimation of alcohol totalled 49. Number of times summoned to High Court as witness in proceedings, 6. Copra analysis: Number of tests for oil content, moisture, and free fatty acids, 1. Analysis of milk for fat, solids, ash, and water, 1. Water analysis, 0. Number of simple chemical tests for arsenic, antimony, and such metallic poisons (Marsh tests), 0; opium and its compounds, 1. General analysis (simple), 2. Apia Hospital: Report of the X-ray Department, 1930. X-ray examinations, 71 ; assorted films taken, 85 (including 3 dental films) ; screenings only, 7 ; barium meals, 0. EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. The Grade II schools at the close of the year numbered thirty-six—thirty London Missionary Society, four .Methodist Mission, one Seventh Day Adventist Mission, and one Government—with a total attendance of 2,912 pupils. In some localities, owing to increased attendance, additional teachers have been supplied, and new schools opened at convenient centres in the districts. Many requests for new schools have been received, but, as the number of trained teachers has been limited, the policy of stabilizing schools already in operation has been adhered to. Refresher courses for the Native teachers of the Grade II schools have been held periodically in the Islands of Upolu and Savai'i. Mali/a Training-school.—This school is still the largest operating, and is wholly under the control of well-trained Native teachers, who undertake the training of the young teachers offering. Malifa Senior School.—This school, acting as a college for the whole Group, builds on the educational foundation established first in the Grade II schools, and later in the schools of Vaipouli and/or Avele, through which boys must pass before qualifying for Malifa. It aims especially at the development of efficient workers in primary occupations, and the provision ultimately of competent leaders in the community. In this school the pupils are resident, and are obliged to work after school hours on the large plantations of banana, taro, and bread-fruit, which have supplied all the necessary food throughout the year. Six pupils entered for the New Zealand Proficiency Examination ; four obtained complete passes and two received certificates of competency. Ifi Iji School (for Europeans) The work of this school has been consistently good, as evidenced by the result of the New Zealand Annual Proficiency Examination. Sixteen candidates were successfully presented. Classes in cookery were conducted by the infant-mistress, and the first assistant master conducted classes in woodwork for the senior pupils. Vaipouli School.—lt has been found that the area of land attached to this school was too much for the boys to cope with, successfully. Towards the close of the year certain areas were relinquished, thereby placing the school on the same proportions of outdoor and indoor work as Malifa and Avele. As a consequence, the school-roll number has increased, and indications point to a larger attendance in the near future. Avele School.—This school has progressed most satisfactorily, and good work has been accomplished. At the commencement of the last term it was necessary to limit the roll number, as the accommodation had been fully taxed.

Average Attendances at Government Schools during the Year ended 31st March, 1931.

Grade II Roll Numbers (including Malifa Training-school, which is a Grade II (but not a mission) school).—31st March, 1930, 2,767 ; 30th June, 1930, 2,707 ; 30th September, 1930, 2,995 ; 31st December, 1930, 3,064 ; 31st March, 1931, 2,912. JUSTICE DEPARTMENT. The work of the Department has proceeded normally. Reference to the detailed police report will show an increase in crimes against persons and property, but serious crime is not an important factor in Samoa. As usual the majority of the Court cases are of a minor character. The total amount of fines inflicted during the year amounted to £649 165., and the amount of costs defendants were ordered to pay totalled £72 Bs.

13

T „ Tn Malifa Vaipouli i Malifa Avele . <lT ln ln - (Senior). (Boys only). I Training-school. (Boys only). lotai. 31st March, 1930 .. .. 192 98 48 350 72 760 30th June, 1930 .. .. 206 89 52 360 90 797 30th September, 1930 .. 211 90 50 400 91 842 31st December, 1930 .. 213 82 47 396 90 828 31st March, 1931 .. .. 216 82 52 390 92 832

A.—4

High Court, Apia. Criminal cases for the year ended 31st March, 1931 : Sitting days, 235 ; persons charged, 1,063 ; convictions recorded, 765 ; dismissed on merits, 108 ; withdrawn by leave of Court, 190. Civil cases for the year ended 31st March, 1931 : Sitting days, 91 ; actions filed, 330 ; actions heard, 273 ; judgments given, 273 ; withdrawn or struck out by leave of Court, 57. CUSTOMS AND MARINE DEPARTMENT. The trade statistics for the calendar year 1930 show a decrease in comparison with the year 1929. The total trade is £559,870, as compared with £582,787 for the previous year, a decrease of £22,917. The principal factor for the decrease was the fall in prices of the primary products of the Territory, particularly copra. The total export of copra was 12,285 tons, valued at £166,221, as against 12,941 tons, valued at £205,330, for the year 1929. Revenue. The total amount collected by the Department in Apia during the financial year amounted to £88,216, as compared with £88,581 for the financial year 1929-30, a decrease of £365. The following are the receipts under the principal headings, showing a comparison with the year 1929-30

Note. —This return is compiled from the Cash-book of the Customs Department, and does not include licenses and taxes collected by the Resident Commissioner, Savai'i, and District Officers. During the year the ad valorem rates of import duty upon benzine, kerosene, and timbers were replaced by specific rates, and an export duty of 2s. 6d. per case on bananas was imposed. The object of the latter is to ensure to the Native growers the benefits of a combined handling of their produce, and involves no diminution in the amount received by them—namely, ss. per case. Customs Statistics. Detailed statistics dealing with the trade, commerce, and shipping of the Port of Apia for the calendar year 1930 have been published in a separate document. Graphs in reference to import and export trade are attached as Appendix C to this report, and have been prepared in rather more detail than in previous years. Imports. The total'value of imports for the calendar year 1930 was £275,355, as against £288,849 for the year 1929, a decrease of £13,494. The following table shows the countries whence imported, together with a comparison for the year 1929 :—

14

| 1929-30. 1930-31. Increase. Decrease. £ £ £ £ Import duties .. .. .. .. 46,165 45,661 .. 504 Export duties— Copra .. .. .. .. .. 20,602 18,470 Cocoa .. .. .. .. .. 1,814 1,701 Rubber .. .. .. .. 837 908 Beche-de-mer Bananas .. .. .. .. • • 384 23,253 i 21,463 .. 1,790 Shipping fees .. .. • .. 2,468 2,644 176 Leases, wharfages, &c. .. .. .. 1,435 1,811 376 Taxes .. 10,402 10,627 225 Miscellaneous, including sale of medicinal liquor 4,858 6,010 1,152 Totals .. .. .. .. 88,581 88,216 1,929 2,294 Less .. .. .. .. .. ■. • • 1,929 Net decrease .. .. .. .. .. .. 365

1929. 1930. Countries. Value. j Percentage. Value. Percentage. I £ £ United Kingdom 57,650 20-0 47,183 17-1 New Zealand 78,794 27-2 81,388 29-6 Australia .. .. .. .. 62,186 21-6 58,653 21-3 United States of America .. .. 51,285 17*8 54,369 19-7 Other countries.. .. .. .. 38,934 13-4 33,762 12-3 Total .. .. .. .. 288,849 100-0 275,355 100-0

A.—4

The principal differences from the figures for 1929 to be commented upon are : —lncreases : Drapery—Foreign, £1,036. Agricultural machinery—British, £742. Medicinal liquor —British, £869 ; foreign, £83. Oils, lubricating —British, £387 ; foreign, £107. Paints —British, £273 ; foreign, £32. Fish, preserved—British, £2,315; foreign, £60. Rice, unmilled—British, £740; foreign, £59. Timber shooks—British, £1,836. Decreases : Drapery —Bfitish, £7,011. Fancy goods—British, £1,100; foreign, £107. Perfumery and toilet preparations —British, £226 ; foreign, £650. Glassware — British, £27 ; foreign, £331. Marine engines—British, £588; foreign, £1,019. Hardware —British, £731 ; foreign, £212. Imports for the March quarter, 1931, totalled £41,445 on an estimated basis, as compared with £55,763 for the same quarter of 1930. Exports. The exports for 1930 amounted to £284,515, as compared with £293,938 for 1929, a decline of £9,423. Decreases as compared with 1929 are shown in copra, £39,109, and rubber, £3,152 ; and increases in cacao, £15,008, and bananas, £19,619. Copra.—The export of copra for the calendar year 1930 was 12,285 tons, valued at £166,221, as compared with 12,941 tons, valued at £205,330, for the previous year. The estimated production of copra by Samoans during 1930 was 10,514 tons. Cacao.—Cacao exported during 1930 amounted to 1,007 tons, valued at £61,294, as compared with 677 tons, valued at £46,286, for the previous year. Rubber. —Rubber exported during 1930 amounted to 101 tons, valued at £6,461, as compared with 110 tons, valued at £9,613, for the previous year. Bananas.—Bananas exported during 1930 amounted to 95,867 cases, valued at £44,259, as compared with 53,652 cases, valued at £24,640, for the previous year. The banana export industry has suffered during the first quarter of 1931 owing to storms in December and January, and for a time quantities offering have been less than the shipping-space available. This setback is but temporary, however, and increased shipments are expected before long. Re-exports.—These amount to £5,244 for the calendar year 1930, as compared with £7,270 for the year 1929. The decrease in trade to the Union Islands, Northern Cook, and Ellice Islands is responsible for the lesser figures. The trade statistics are usually prepared and given for calendar years, but in order to bring the position up to date the following is furnished : The quantities of copra, cacao, rubber, and bananas exported during the financial year 1930-31 were —

Shipping. The number of vessels arriving from overseas at the Port of Apia for the financial year ending 31st March, 1931, was 118 vessels, with a registered tonnage of 122,104, as compared with 84 vessels, registered tonnage 102,147, for the same period 1929-30. Outward vessels were 117, with a tonnage of 119,367, in comparison with 86 vessels, with a tonnage of 105,923, for the previous year. The total inward cargo amounted to 15,368 tons and the total outward cargo to 22,968 tons for 1930-31, as compared with inwards 13,824 tons and outwards 21,608 tons for the previous financial year. Wharfages. The total amount collected on account of wharfages for the financial year ending 31st. March, 1931, amounted to £1,318, as compared with £1,218 for the previous year. Port and Service Tax. This item, which is included under the heading of " Import Duties," amounted to £6,135, in comparison with £6,293 for the previous financial year (1929-30). Shipping Agencies. Early in the year the Government steamer " Lady Roberts " became in need of extensive repairs, and in view of her long service it was apparent that the cost of such repairs could not be recouped within the expected remaining period of her usefulness. Accordingly the vessel was put out of commission, and the service to Pago Pago has been maintained by a small commercially owned oil-engined vessel on mail contract. The agency for the " Maui Pomare "is still conducted by this Department. Taxes. The following amounts under the different headings were collected during the financial year 1930-31, including also payments made to the Resident Commissioner, Savai'i, and District Officers at police posts ; —>

15

Copra. Cacao. Rubber. Bananas. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Tons, j Value. Cases. Value. £ £ £ £ ' June quarter, 1930 .. .. 3,194 45,922 130 8.499 56£ 3,145 24,287 11,253 September quarter, 1930 .. 3,527 45,999 145 10,665 Nil 26,046 12,020 December quarter, 1930 .. 2,885 34,014 373 22,423 Nil .. 32,872 15,130 March quarter, 1931 .. 2,739 26,557 170 8,897 41 1 ,*140 18,736 8,661 12,345 152,492 818 50,484 97J 4,285 101,941 47,064

A.—4

Revenue from Taxes, Licenses, &c.

Harbour Section. Floating Plant.—Launches and water-barge have been overhauled and are in good condition. The coal-lighter has been sold, as there is no particular need for special equipment of this nature. Moorings and Buoys.—Three complete sets of moorings are available in Apia Harbour, and all have been overhauled, and supplemented by new moorings which arrived from England in August. All three moorings have a large margin of safety over any test that is likely to be given them. A spare anchor which was recovered from the harbour is also available. Buoys have been overhauled, •cleaned, and painted, and are in good condition. Beacons.—Apolima light, Vaea Hill, and green light on Eastern Reef are all in good condition, and working satisfactorily. Lower Leading-light, Apia Harbour, has been altered to a fixed red electric light, and is an improvement. The flashing light previously used as the lower leading-light has been established on Cape Horn Reef, in Apia Harbour, and will be of great assistance to local craft when under way inside the harbour. Fanuatapu Island.—This light has been re-established, and should be of assistance to seamen navigating on the east side of Upolu. Soundings.—The soundings at the anchorage remain unaltered, but a heavy shoaling up is taking place in the vicinity of the Customhouse Wharf.

Overseas Merchant Shipping, Port of Apia, Western Samoa, for the Year ending 31st March, 1931.

Also, in addition to the above (inwards and outwards), 2 British warships, 1 U.S.A. warship, 1 U.S.A. yacht, 1 French yacht,

16

I I ! 1929-30. 1930-31. Increase. Decrease. £ £ £ £ (a) Personal tax (Europeans) .. # 949 1,003 54 (b) Lighter-tax .. .. .. 59 63 4 (c) Boat and launch licenses .. 57 64 7 (d) Building-tax .. .. .. 2,519 2,525 6 (e) Store-tax .. .. .. 3,532 3,402 .. 130 (/) Copra-house tax .. .. 384 343 .. 41 (g) Salary-tax .. .. .. 607 649 42 (h) Other licenses .. .. .. 1,219 1,357 138 (i) Water rates .. .. 1,266 1,546 ,280 Totals .. .. 10,592 10,952 531 171 Less .. .. .. .. 171 Net increase .. .. .. | 360

Inwards (all Steam). Outwards (all Steam). iNumber! ' Number of [ Tons. Cargo. of Tons. Cargo, j Vessels.J Vessels. I June Quarter, 1930 .. .. British 26 18,930 { 3,343 J 25 18,878 5,001 Foreign 8 11,781 2,041 8 31,781 1,794 34 J 30,711 5,384 33 30,659 6,795 September Quarter, 1930.. .. British 23 24,191 2,276 24 24,243 4,388 Foreign 5 10,531 1,237 5 10,531 841 28 34,722 3,513 1 29 34,774 | 5,229 December Quarter, 1930 .. .. British 25 15,827 2,420 23 15,743 2,785 Foreign 6 8,826 1,648 6 8,826 3,360 31 24,653 4,068 29 24,569 j 6,145 March Quarter, 1931 .. .. British 17 10,476 1,872 19 10,545 1,080 Foreign 8 21,542 531 7 18,820 3,719 25 32,018 2,403 ; 26 I 29,365 4,799 I l__ Year ending 31st March, 1931 .. British 91 69,424 9,911 91 69,409 13,254 Foreign 27 52,680 5,457 26 49,958 9,714 118 122,104 15,368 117 119,367 22,968

A.—4

LABOUR DEPARTMENT. On the Ist April, 1930, there were 953 Chinese labourers in the Territory. In May 288 returned to China by the s.s. " Apoey," and 254 new men arrived by the same vessel. There were four deaths during the course of the year, and two other arrivals early in 1931, so that the total number in the Territory on 31st March, 1931, was 917. Towards the end of the year a certain scarcity of employment for Chinese had developed owing to the cessation of operations on some rubber plantations and general economic conditions. The contemplated arrival of a vessel for Hong Kong in the latter part of 1931 will relieve the position, and in the meantime the Commissioner is doing all possible to find some work for all labourers. There were 136 Melanesian labourers in Samoa at the 31st March, five having been repatriated at their own request and four having died during the year. The general behaviour and conduct of all labour has been good. The number of visits made by labourers to the Commissioner's office on various affairs during the year 1930-31 amounted to 4,009. POLICE AND PRISONS DEPARTMENT. Establishment. In April and May of 1930 eighteen members of the Constabulary resigned or were discharged, their periods of engagement having expired, and the six constables from the New Zealand Police Force who had been added to the Constabulary in February, 1930, were returned to the Dominion. These men were replaced by the enlistment of twenty-three new members. During the course of the year it was found possible to release eight constables for various reasons, and at the end of the year a further six resigned or were discharged, so that the present European strength in all ranks is thirty-seven. The strength of the Native Police Force (exclusive of messengers and clerks) remained at forty throughout the year. The six district police posts in the two principal islands have been maintained, four of them being in wireless communication with Apia ; in addition, a mobile patrol, with headquarters near Apia, has been established, and has been valuable in dealing with offences in any part of the Territory as required. Prisons. The prisons staff, as in previous years, is included in the staff of the Department as outlined above. The total number of prisoners received during the year was 689, and the number discharged 900, a total of 98 being in prison on the 31st March, 1931, as compared with 309 a year previously. The Tuvao Prison was closed during the year, and the proposed transfer to Tafaigata, which is considerably nearer to Apia, was completed. The new prison is well laid out on 90 acres of land, as a future addition to which a further 39 acres have been purchased, and is already producing sufficient Native foods for nearly all Government institutions, as well as bananas for export. The health and general conduct of the prisoners have been good. The number of mental patients on the 31st March, 1931, was five. General. The statistics show a further increase in serious criminal offences. These crimes, however, are quite unconnected with each other and cannot be regarded as associated with or significant of any particular state of affairs. During the early part of the year three fires of incendiary origin occurred, the first being an unsuccessful attempt upon the Native Department Office, the second causing the complete destruction of the Apia Post-office, and the third being unsuccessful attempts at the same time upon a cottage and Native fale at Pesega. The fullest police investigations followed each offence, without disclosing the identity of the culprits. These events followed shortly after what is believed to have been an accidental fire which destroyed a store building belonging to Messrs. Morris, Hedstrom, Ltd. Ordinarily losses of property by fire are of particularly rare occurrence in Samoa. Particulars of warrants dealt with during the year are as follows : — Arreat. Commitment. Number held, 31st March, 1930 .. 252 71 Issued .. .. .. .. .. .. 176 190 Executed .. .. .. .. .. .. 275 175 Number held, 31st March, 1931 153 86

3—A. 4

17

A.—4.

Return showing Particulars of Offences in the Period 1st April, 1930, to 31st March, 1931, as presented by the Police before the High Court, Apia, the Native Branch of High Court, Mulinu'u, and at Fagamalo, Savai'i.

18

Note.—In last year's report, for reasons then explained, the statistics were for the period 1st January, 1929, to 31st March, 1930. 1029-80. 1930-31. I 0flence8 j j dismissed or Offences. Offences Offences' w nmK .,, Number convicted. withdrawn. repotted reported ! . (Fifteen (Twelve | I I I Months). Months).| 8ummone ■ Males. Females. Males.jFemales Misleading justice— Escape from lawful custody .. .. 34 14 12 12 .. .... Contempt of Court .. .. .. .. 144 425 j 425 398 .. 27 Sedition .. .. .. .. .. 8 .. .. ... Offences against morality— Adultery .. .. .. .. .. 4 12 12 8 3 1 j .. Abduction, carnally to know .. .. .. 10 15 15 14 .. 1 .. Carnal knowledge .. .. .. .. 1 3 3 2 .. 1 ! Offences against the person — Assault, common .. .. .. .. 64 98 95 74 2 j 18 | 1 Assault, indecent .. .. .. .. 3 7 7 4 3 Assault causing actual bodily harm .. .. 3 10 10 6 ..14.. Assault causing grievous bodily harm .. .. 8 9 9 6 j 2 | 1 Rape .. .. .. .. .. 2 | 2 2 2 j • - I Murder .. .. ".. .. .. .. 1 I 1 .. j 1 Threatening to kill .. .. .. .. 5 1 1 1 .. .... Manslaughter .. .. .. .. 4 1 1 .. .. 1.. Attempted suicide .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 1 .. .. .. Libel, defamatory .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .... Insulting words .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 .. .... Bigamy .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1.. .... Administering dangerous drug .. .. .. .. 3 I 3 .. 3 j Gaming offences— Conducting a common gaming-house .. .. 1 • • I • • • • • • • • j Breaches of Arms Ordinance — Unlawfully possessing arms .. .. .. 10 23 23 21 .. 2 Selling without vendor's license .. .. .. 8 j .. .. .. .. Presenting firearms at person .. .. .. 1.. .. .. Deceiving the police .. .. .. .. 1 I .. .. .. j .. Unlawfully possessing explosives .. 1 7; 7 7 .. j .. Offences against property rights— Burglary .. .. .. .. .. 9 J 11 7 7 ..[.. Thefts from dwellings .. .. .. .. 3 2 2 2 Thefts, attempted .. .. .. .. j .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. Theft .. .. .. .. .. 68 107 94 77 4 13 Trespass .. .. .. .. .. 22 16 ' 16 13 .. 3 Trespassing cattle .. .. .. .. • • 1 1 1 .. I..!.. Wilful mischief .. .. .. .. | 6 6 5 .. 1 Forgery and uttering .. .. .. .. 6 2 2 2 .. .... Uttering a forged document .. .. .. 1 j j .. .. .. Receiving stolen property .. .. .. 6 5 5 3 1 1.. Unlawfully in dwellinghouse at night .. .. 4 3 3 3 .. .... Police offences — Threatening behaviour .. .. .. ..j 1 1 1 Insulting language .. .. .. .. .. j 3; 3 3 Provoking a breach of the peace .. .. 5 j 8 8 6 .. 2 .. Disorderly conduct .. .. .. .. 50 43 41 22 13 6 j Drunkenness .. .. .. .. .. 28 12 12 10 .. 2 I ' .. Throwing stones .. .. .. .. 2 3 3 1 1 1 J .. Unlawfully converting animals or vehicles to own use j 4 4 31.. 1 .. Resisting the police .. .. .. .. i 20 .. .. .. | Cruelty to animals .. .. .. .. 3 9 9 9 .. ...» Vagrancy .. .. .. .. .. 8 .. .. .. Indecent acts .. .. .. .. Ill 1 .... 1.. Obstructing the police .. .. .. 8 6 7 4 1 2.. Wandering animals .. .. .. .. 4 1 1 1 .. .... Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. 7 7 4 3.. Opium offences — Opium-smuggling .. .. .'. 1 1 1 1 Possessing opium .. .. .. .. I 2 I 1 1 1 .. .... Liquor offences— Manufacturing liquor .. .. .. ...4 1 1 1 .... Liquor found on premises .. .. .. i 7 9 9 7 .. 2.. Possessing liquor .. .. .. 3 15 15 13 2 Unlawful importation .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. 1.. Selling liquor .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 .. .... Possessing prohibited imports .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 I Samoans consuming liquor .. .. .. 3 4 4 4 ...... By-law breaches— Driving without license .. .. .. 54 47 47 46 .. 1 Driving without lights .. .. .. . 30 38 38 32 3 3 Driving unlicensed vehicles .. .. .. 11 13 13 12 .. 1 Negligent driving .. .. .. .. 8 Dangerous driving .. .. .. ..14 13 13 13 .. .. Driving on footpath .. .. .. .. 14 4 4 3 I 1 .. Obstructing traffic .. .. .. .. 16 2 2- 2 ! ..

A.—4

Return showing Particulars of Offences in the Period 1st April, 1930, to 31st March, 1931. —continued.

In this return the total numbers of convictions in cases prosecuted by the police are shown. The numbers of persons convicted are given in the returns of the High Court (Justice and Native Departments). The percentage of arrests and summonses for the total "number of offences reported during the year was 98-3, and the percentage of convictions compared with offences reported was 89-2. POSTAL DEPARTMENT. Savings-bank. There has been again a decline in Savings-bank business, although a small increase has taken place in the number of accounts. Withdrawals during the year exceeded deposits by £10,079 6s. Bd., the greater amount of this occurring during the first quarter. Money-orders. The amount remitted from Samoa by money-orders shows an increase of £4,190 3s. 4d., whilst commissions increased from £109 19s. 9d. to £644 Bs. This was brought about by abnormal rates of exchange between Samoa and European and American countries. There has been a small decline in the totals of postal notes and British postal orders. Stamps. There has been a further reduction of £407 lis. sd. in revenue from this source, for which no reason can be given other than a diminished public demand. In conformity with similar increases in New Zealand the ordinary letter-postage was raised from Id. to 2d., with effect from the Ist March, 1931, the rates upon parcels and other mail-matter being affected similarly.

19

1929-30. 1930-31. oflcnce8 dismissed or Offences. Offences Offences Number convicted. withdrawn. reported reported a „ e Ted 0 r 7 (Fifteen (Twelve °, r Fp Months). Months). s u mmoned Males. Females. Males.j m^eg By-law breaches—continued. Riding without reins .. .. .. .. 1 Tethering horses on road .. .. .. 3 No number-plates .. .. .. .. 2 8 8 8 .. .... Failing to report accident .. .. .. .. 3 3 3 .. Driving without horn .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 •• .... Defective brakes .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 .. .... Failing to stop when ordered .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. 1.. Failing to stop after collision .. .. .. 1 .. Speeding .. .. .. .. .. 2 5 5 5 .. .... Drunk in charge of car .. .. .. 4 3' 3 3 .. .. .. Failing to carry out hire .. .. 2 Blowing horn unnecessarily .. .. .. 1 Parking on wrong side .. .. .. .. 23 .. .. .. j .. • • [ Failing to sound horn .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 1.. .. I Furious riding .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 1 .. .... Failure to notify transfer .. .. .. 2 1 1 1 .. .... Permitting unlicensed vehicle to be driven .. 3 5 5 5 .. .... Overloading motor-vehicle .. .. .. 1 40 40 39 .. 1 Driving on wrong side of road .. .. .. 3 2 2 1 .. 1.. Dangerously riding horses .. .. .. .. 4 4 4 .. .... Miscellaneous — Dog Registration Ordinance .. .. .. 1 Immigration Ordinance .. .. .. 5 3 3 3 .. .... Harbour Regulations .. .. .. .. 1 1 X 1 .. .... Hours for Shops Ordinance .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. Surveyors Ordinance .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 1 .. .... Maintenance of Authority in Native Affairs Ordinance 101 286 286 269 .. 17 Intimidation Ordinance .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 .. .... Horse-racing Ordinance .. .. .. 5 Native Market Ordinance .. .. .. 22 2 2 2 .. .... Overseas Permits Ordinance .. .. 13 7 7 6 .. 1 Customs Act .. .. .. .. .. 4 Travelling Permits Ordinance .. .. .. 6 Quarantine Regulations .. .. .. 2 Seditious Organizations Regulations, 1930 .... 30 30 26 3 1 Being members of a seditious organization .. 319 8 8 8 .. .... Aiding and abetting .. .. .. ..18 6 6 2 3 1.. Travelling without permits .. .. .. 3 Bulls and Stallions Ordinance .. .. .. 1 Police Offences Ordinance .. .. .. 4 Native Titles Order .. .. .. .. 2 3 3 3 .. .... Unlawfully collecting money .. .. .. .. 15 13 12 .. 1 Totals .. .. .. .. 1,304 1,478 1,453 1,282 36 133 2

A-4

Telephones. The difficulties of maintaining communication with outlying districts have largely disappeared, and a slight increase in revenue is shown. Radio Fees. Reduced revenue under this heading has occurred owing to the main radio-station having been removed to Apia, and in consequence dealing directly with the public. Postal. Mail-matter delivered in Samoa during the year, estimated from a general average, was : Letters, 133,916 ; registered articles, 1,188 ; parcels, 1,740 ; other articles, 64,220. Mail-matter outwards from Samoa: Letters, 100,248 ; registered articles, 3,480 ; parcels, 384 ; other articles, 26,210. Receipts on behalf of New Zealand Government Departments were: Superannuation, £1,877 lis. 9d. ; Government Insurance, £456 12s. Id.; National Provident Fund, £29 13s. Id.; miscellaneous, £1,782 4s. Payments: Pensions, £235 6s. 4d.; miscellaneous, £834 6s. On the 2nd July, 1930, the Post Office building was totally destroyed by fire, and a quantity of mail-matter and the office records were lost. Fortunately, however, the strong-room, containing Savings-bank records and documents of similar Value, withstood the strain upon it. Pending the erection of a new building, the Post Office has been conducted in premises adjoining the local branch of the Bank of New Zealand, from the management of which much courteous assistance has been received.

Money-orders.

Savings-bank.

Other Receipts.

LANDS AND SURVEY DEPARTMENT. The Department has proceeded normally. In the latter part of the year an exchange of officials was arranged with the New Zealand Lands and Survey Department whereby a field cadet of the local Department was sent to New Zealand for further training and a qualified Computing Draughtsman arrived in his stead. The most important work dealt with in the field during the year was the fixing of the Apolima Lighthouse and its relative position with regard to the eastern coast of Savai'i and the western coast of Upolu. Plans and prints of the data obtained were forwarded to the Hydrographic Department of the Admiralty, London, and Chart No. 1730 has now been corrected in terms of the data supplied. Surveys and plans for the Native Land and Titles Commission, New Zealand Reparation Estates, Public Works Department, and for the public were dealt with as set out in the schedule. The supervision and location of grave plots was observed in connection with the Magiagi Cemetery and minor repairs executed.

20

« ® j , n . A | Postal Notes and British Postal Money-orders issued. Money-orders paid. Orders. Year. j Number. Commission. Amount. Number. Amount. Issued. Paid. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. ! £ s. d. 1 £ s. d. 1930-31 .. ..I 2,020 644 8 0 25,860 3 10 242 1,781 8 9 1,178 14 8 126 8 9 1929-30 .. 2,070 , 109 19 9 21,670 0 6 236 1,361 9 4 1,167 17 4 149 17 11

gV, CT3 Interest Amount at Credit 2 Year. o a § « Deposits. Withdrawals. of Depositors Invested. In Hand. o g'S « §. §5 creaiiea. #t En(J Qf Year o £ s. d. £ s. d. ! £ s. d. £ s. d. j £ s. d. I £ s. d. 1930-31 243 213 28,499 18 6 38,579 5 2 1,462 6 7, 37,234 10 9 37,213 12 8 20 18 1 ' 1,484 1929-30 223 230 29,134 3 10 ( 33,776 19 0 1,666 9 4 45,851 10 10 42,812 0 0 1,616 13 4 1,454

Year. Stamp Sales. Radio Fees. Telephone Receipts. Private Boxes. Miscellaneous.* £ a. d. | £ s. d. £ s. d. I £ s. d. ; £ s. d. 1930-31 .. .. 1,083 11 7 j 688 14 0 1,241 1 11 1 120 19 2 7 18 0 1929-30 .. .. 1,491 3 0 1,554 18 10 1,121 12 8 112 9 6 24 9 0 * Revenue from telegraphic addresses is now received by the Wireless Department.

A.—4

Schedule of Field and Office Work.

Note.—Fractions of the acre, mile, and pound sterling are given in decimals in every case. PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. Iu the latter part of 1930 this Department and the Engineering and Transport Department were amalgamated. The engineer's shop and transport branches of the latter were closed, as increasing competition has now made it possible to have the requirements of both branches met by private enterprise at reasonable rates ; the ice-works and cool store have been leased by the New Zealand Reparation Estates to a private concern. The amalgamation has enabled a reduction in superintending staff to be made, and a considerable amount of work has been placed in the hands of private employers. Roads. Bitumen surfacing has been extended, some two and three-quarter miles in localities most used having been laid. Owing to an abnormally heavy rainy season, damage and need for repairs to roads have been considerable, the Apia-Falefa Road in particular having required constant attention. Bridges. The bridge at Safune collapsed during the year and was re-erected. Repairs to other bridges, in particular to decking, have been carried out as required. Buildings. The principal new work in hand is the new Post Office building, which is to be a two-story structure in ferro-concrete and will include, in addition to the usual Post Office accommodation, the telephone exchange and Postmaster's residence. Foundations have been completed, most of the work being carried out by contract under departmental supervision. Other new works of lesser importance have been a sterilizing-room at Apia Hospital, and fences and gates at the Customs sheds and yards, Apia. The usual repairs and maintenance have been effected. Water-supplies. The village of Sataoa, in Safata, has arranged for the installation of a water-supply, and a portion has been completed. The Apia supply has been serviced as required. APIA OBSERVATORY. (Note. —The Observatory is not owned or maintained by the Samoan Administration, but is a branch in Samoa of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research of New Zealand. The institution became the property of the Government of New Zealand under the New Zealand Reparation Estates Order, 1920. In view of the wide interest in the activities of the Observatory and the peculiar value of its observations as coming from an area from which there is little other geophysical data, a report by the Director is included in the annual reports of the Administration for general information.)

21

Field-work. Offloe-work. Plans on Instru- > a a a « ments of Title. S 05 "5 T3 .c o Class of Work. - § ?, 3 . . 2 * £ • (Surveys.) E S -S S •§ -S Bo Acres. MUes. ™ f . J I || | I S % §| !| ° j | 3 I «| § d | | g| !.• |S r a) ,C a o! m ft ® ? - o 3 30 * •Z '£ £ o « u 2fl S £ £ £ £ * 5 =e 2 E - a SS PH Pk Hcofflg £ Standard coastal traverse .. .. 14-25 75-85 7 6 Administration lands .. .. .. .. 3 2 11 New Zealand Reparation Estates 224-000 .. 72-00 18 4 5 2 21 59 26 .. 10 European surveys, Apia district 0-312 0-25 12-37 3 1 13 1 1 2 22 64 4 European rural surveys .. 7-625 2-40 25-50 6 .. 10 1 4 .. 19 46 5 1 Native-land surveys .. .. .. .. .. 1 Native surveys, Apia district.. .. 0-25 2-00 6 1 11 Native rural surveys .. .. 134-250 .. 78-75 2 1 4 26 68 8 8 Road surveys .. .. 1-625 4-25 33-50 2 1 .. 9 19 7 Native-village surveys .. .. 2-75 7-50 4 Engineering surveys .. .. .. 1 -87 19-87 4 4 8 34 1 Miscellaneous surveys.. .. 116-000 3-50 22-00 .. 1 36 47 102 19 Triangulation observations .. .. 1-00 14-00 Totals .. .. 483-812 30-52 363-34 36 2 23 4 10 12 8 151 340 186 29 10

.—4.

The programme of observations in terrestrial magnetism, atmospheric electricity, seismology, and meteorology has been maintained during the year 1930-31, apart from certain interruptions which occurred towards the end of 1930 owing to a sudden depletion of stall through illness and terminations of tours of duty. Terrestrial Magnetism. The Observatory possesses a Tesdorpf magnetometer, a Schultze earth inductor, and Eschenhagen variometers. Continuous photographic records were made during the year showing the variations in declination and horizontal intensity of the earth's magnetic field, but the records of vertical intensity were discontinued after September owing to the unsatisfactory behaviour of the variometer. The tabulations for 1930 are in arrears, and it is not yet possible to give the average values for this year. Work in the absolute magnetic hut had become almost impossible owing to the bad condition of the microscopes for reading the scales of the magnetometers, but this difficulty has been met by using a small non-magnetic hand-lamp kindly supplied by the Carnegie Institute of Washington. Seismology. Records of earthquakes are obtained from two Wiechert seismographs. The small instrument for vertical movements has not been recording properly, and requires some new spare parts. Both seismographs had to be stopped while the carpenters were repairing the inner walls and ceiling of the seismograph-room, which had become rotten with age. The total number of earthquakes recorded during the seven months January to July, 1930, was 195. Most of them were very slight, and only seventeen of them would normally have been noticed by persons at rest. Meteorology. Continuous records of pressure, temperature, wind, sunshine, and rainfall were made, as well as observations of cloud, visibility, and humidity at fixed hours. Preliminary mean values for the year 1930 are as follows:—

Except in January, the mean temperature of every month was in excess of normal. May and November show an excess of nearly 2° F. The barometer, on the other hand, was consistently below normal, and the rainfall was 19 in. below normal for the year as a whole. Five tropical cyclones occurred during the wet season in the area including the Fiji, Tongan, and Samoan Islands. The centre of the cyclone of December passed on a south-easterly course near the western portion of the Samoan group, while the cyclone of January was almost stationary over American Samoa for two or three days. Storm Warnings. The Observatory prepares a report of weather at 9 a.m. and 3.30 p.m. During the,hurricane season these reports are broadcasted every day by the radio-station at Apia ; at other times only the afternoon report is sent. Wireless reports are collected from about sixteen stations in the Southern Pacific and used at the Observatory for the construction of synoptic charts and the issue of warnings of storms. The service was maintained during the hurricane season, 1930-31. Time Service. The standard clock has been checked at intervals by observations of the sun with the transit telescope and by time signals issued from Arlington by wireless telegraphy. Atmospheric Electricity. The potential has been recorded by Benndorf electrometers at two stations, as in previous years — one in the grounds of the Observatory, and the other in a small hut erected on piles in the shallow waters of the lagoon about one-third of a mile off shore. The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution at Washington has again given generous assistance in this work.

22

Month. Pressure. Temperature. Rainfall. Humidity, j Sunshine. Wind. Miles per 1930. In. °F. In. Per Cent. Hours. Hour. January .. .. 29-742 81-59 10-17 80 191-9 1-97 February .. .. 29-745 80-10 18-93 84 126-4 3-33 March .. .. 29-795 80-52 7-13 78 230-4 2-49 April .. .. 29-799 79-83 10-32 78 216-0 2-48 May.. .. .. 29-848 80-33 3-45 79 218-8 2-29 June .. .. 29-841 78-64 3-46 76 205-1 3-07 July.. .. .. 29-849 78-17 0-87 79 256-2 3-42 August .. .. 29-883 78-41 0-21 73 249-1 September .. .. 29-849 78-68 3-60 78 210-9 3-17 October .. .. 29-861 79-88 3-85 78 210-3 4-30 November .. .. 29-830 80-56 11-75 82 177-9 4-60 December .. .. 29-732 80-09 15-63 81 157-9 4-30 1 Mean or total.. 29-815 79-73 89-37 78-8 2,450-9 3-22

A.—4

FINANCE. Revenue. The statement hereunder sjiows the amount of revenue received during the financial year ended 31st March, 1931. For purposes of comparison the revenue for the previous year, 1929-30, is also shown.

It will be noted that during the year under review the cost of the Constabulary has been borne by the Administration. The large fall in revenue shown under item 2 (b) is due to the fact that S.s. " Lady Roberts " was condemned and withdrawn from service in May, 1930. The fall in Post Office and Savings-bank revenue is largely due to the heavy withdrawals by depositors of their savings, due to the general trade depression, with consequent reduction of Post Office Savings-bank investments and loss of interest thereon. The remaining items call for little or no comment, the slight fluctuations being only such as might be expected when comparing one period of twelve months with another. Expenditure. The ordinary expenditure for the year ended 31st March, 1931, is shown hereunder, also the expenditure for the previous year.

23

Head of Revenue. 1929-30. 1930-31. I £ £ 1. Native taxes .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,238 1,837 2. (a) Customs, taxes, and Harbour .. .. .. .. 81,300 82,367 (6) S.s. " Lady Roberts" .. .. .. .. .. 3,376 601 3. Fees and charges (Court, hospital, &c.) .. .. .. 11,699 12,184 4. Post Office and Savings-bank .. .. .. .. 6,548 4,760 5. Radio-station .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,570 3,524 6. Miscellaneous (rents, interest, &c.) .. .. .. .. 11,839 12,308 7. Engineering and Transport Department .. .. .. 10,846 12,804 131,416 130,385 New Zealand Government Subsidies. General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20,000 21,000 Constabulary .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,850 Military Police .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,598 39,448 21,000 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 170,864 151,385

Head of Expenditure. 1929-30. 1930-31. £ £ 1. Permanent charges .. .. .. .. .. 11,071 11,071 2. Administrator, Government House, and Legislature .. .. 4,742 4,703 3. Secretariat .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,521 11,207 4. Native Affairs Department — (а) Upolu and general .. .. .. .. .. 6,200 7,250 (б) Savai'i section .. .. .. .. .. 3,392 2,448 5. Treasury .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,436 3,792 6. Customs and Marine — (a) Customs, taxes, Marine, and Harbour .. .. .. 8,135 9,623 (b) S.s. " Lady Roberts" .. .. .. .. 3,351 902 7. Justice Department .. .. .. .. .. 2,709 2,888 8. Police and Prisons Department — (a) Police and prisons .. .. .. .. .. 7,705 9,904 (b) Constabulary .. .. .. .. .. 14,850 16,561 9. Health Department .. .. .. .. .. 18,016 18,224 10. Lands'and Survey Department .. .. .. .. 1,647 1,791 11. Chinese Department .. .. .. .. .. 1,387 1,407 12. Post'Office and Savings-bank .. .. .. .. 4,902 5,008 13. Radio-station .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,134 3,656 14. Education .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,955 7,439

A.—4

Expenditure—continued.

* This vote has now been absorbed in the remaining votes (with the exception of the other items in Vote 16), the inaior portion of the expenditure having l>een incorporated in Votes Nos. 3 and 5. The absorption of the " Miscellaneous" votes by other votes has largely destroyed the possibility of making any useful comparison between the two sets of figures supplied above, save in regard to the totals. It will be seen that there is a considerable reduction in the total expenditure of the year 1930-31 compared with that of the previous year In the first place, no expenditure appears during the year 1930-31 under the heading of " Military Police ; secondly the closing-down of certain activities previously carried on by the Engineering and Transport Department, together with the withdrawal of the Ss " Lady Roberts " from the passenger and mail service to Pago Pago, are matters which largely account for the reduced expenditure. There have been small savings in a number of Departments, and in one or two instances expenditure on services and supplies has been postponed owing to shipments expected to arrive within the financial year having been delayed. Direct Native Kevenue and Expenditure. The direct revenue derived from Natives is shown in the table hereunder, but the remarks given in the report of last year apply. The amount estimated as paid by Natives as indirect taxation by way of copra export duty (at the rate of £1 10s. per ton) is £15,848. This represents approximately £1 10s. per head of the male adult population, and is less than is paid in personal or head tax in adjacent territories. , (a) Direct Revenue from Natives, 1930-oJ . Native taxes (arrears of personal tax, fines, gun and dog taxes, water rates, £ travel passes, marriage fees, &c.) .. .. •• 1,837 Court fees and fines (say) .. .. • • ■ • • • • • 350 Licenses and fees (motor-boats, &c.), (say) .. .. • • • ■ '03 Postal revenue (say) £3,390 In addition to the above, the Natives, with other sections of the community, contribute indirectly to the revenue through the purchase of goods on which import duty is charged. (b) Direct Expenditure on Natives, 1930-31. (1) Payments directly to Natives ■: — Salaries and wages — Native Afiairs Department: Samoan staff and officials— Upolu .. .• •• •• •• •• 3,052 Savai'i .. .. • • • • • • 808 3,860 Other Departments: Samoan staff (Police, Education, Harbour, Medical, Justice, &c.) .. •• •• •• •• 11,786 Casual labour employed by — Public Works (say) .. . . • • • • • • • fOO Other Departments (say) • • • • • • • • 300 20,446 (2) Payments directly on behalf of Natives : — Native Affairs Department — Salaries, European staff, Upolu and Savai'i .. .. •• •• 4,241 Cost printing Native Gazette .. • • • ■ • • ■ • JO6 Fono expenses (Native Parliament) . • • • - • • • Land and titles (Commission expenses) .. .. • • • • 209 Travelling-expenses .. . - • • • • • • • • Entertainment of Samoans .. • • • • • • • • Uniforms, flags, badges, &c. .. •• •• •• •• ? Printing and stationery, &c. .. .. • • ■ • • • 128 Police and Prisons Department — Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. •• ■ j>°oo Rations, clothing, and utensils .. . • • • • • • • ' *00 Travelling-expenses (part) . ■ • • • • • • • •

24

Head of Expenditure. 1929-30. 1930-31. 15. Public Works Department — £ _ £ (a) General and maintenance .. .. •• •• 10,551 9,013 (b) New works .. .. •• •• •• 6,454 6,713 16. Engineering and Transport Department .. .. •• 10,065 6,688 Military Police .. .. • • • • • • • • Miscellaneous .. •• •• •• •• 13,907 150,728 140,288

A —4

(b) Direct Expenditure on Natives, 1930-31—continued. (2) Payments directly on behalf of Natives—continued. Medical Department— £ Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. .. .. .. 5,687 Salaries, Chinese staff (part) .. .. .. .. .. 468 Fire and lighting expenses .. .. .. .. .. 435 Instruments and drugs .. .. .. .. .. .. 972 Maintenance, Samoan lepers in Fiji Hospital .. .. .. 1,009 Transport and travelling expenses .. .. .. .. .. 309 Rations for Samoan patients and staff .. .. .. .. 641 Upkeep, trainees at Fiji Medical School .. .. .. .. 131 Education Department— Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. .. .. .. 2,728 Food-supplies, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 70 Transport and travelling expenses.. .. .. .. .. 168 Development, Government Native schools .. .. .. .. 32 Vaipouli Native School .. .. .. .. .. 200 Public Works Department— Repairs and maintenance off ales .. .. .. .. .. 400 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. £42,993 In addition, the maintenance of roads, bridges, &c., is greatly for the benefit of Natives, and part salaries and charges of other Departments not mentioned above may be considered as applicable to the Natives. Loan Account. The position of the Loan Account (borrowed from the New Zealand Government) is unchanged, no loan expenditure having been incurred during the year, and the amount remaining outstanding being £165,200, particulars of which appear in Appendix A. Redemption Fund. Under section 33 of the Samoa Act, 1921, the loans are repayable in thirty years from the date on which raised. This is arranged by means of annual instalments of approximately I*6 per cent., which are assessed a,nd invested by the New Zealand Treasury. Up to the 31st March, 1931, the amount so set- aside in New Zealand Government securities is £18,894 17s. lOd. Revenue and Expenditure. The following table gives a comparison between the revenue and the expenditure of the Territory over a period of six years :—

* The cost of the Samoa Military Police and of the Samoan Constabulary, having been paid by the New Zealand Government, are not included in the above. The expenditure for 1930-31, however, includes cost of the Samoan Constabulary met by the Administration, amounting to £16,561, and for purposes of comparison with previous years should be deducted from the expenditure; thus the amount for 1930-31 would be shown as £123,727, and on this basis, excluding the New Zealand Government subsidy paid during the vear, would reveal a surplus of £6,658. The following table, which, on the one hand, takes into account all the expenditure of the Territory (including the police), and, on the other, distinguishes between revenue as such and the subsidy from New Zealand, gives a clearer conspectus of the financial position during the last six years : —

* Including expenditure on extra police, not incurred in previous years, of £27,374 in 1928-29, £19,448 in 1929-30 and £16,561 in_l93o-31.

4—A. 4.

25

Revenue, including I ... .. Year. Subsidy from New Zealand . E^ ndlt !3 re ' Ordinary Government. (excluding Loan Account). £ £ 1925-26 .. .. .. .. .. 150,038 145,687 1926-27 133,812 141,710 1927-28 126,038 143,421 1928-29 141,904 130,455* 1929-30 151,416 131,280* 1930-31 .. .. 151,385 140,288 -— ■

I Actual j „ , . , , Actual Revenue Ex P^.^ e of the New Zealand, . Ypar ' ° bt Sory the in a C Slu P ln Ce Loan Account. Account of Police. £ £ £ £ 1925-26.. .. 128,638 145,687 17,049 21,400 +4 351 1926-27.. .. 113,812 141,710 27,898 20,000 -7 898 1927-28 .. .. 106,038 143,421 37,383 20,000 -17,383 1928-29 .. .. 121,904 157,829* 35,925* 47,374* +11 449* 1929-30 131,416 150,728* 19,312* 39,448* +20 136* 1930-31 .. .. 130,385 140,288* 9,903* 21,000 +11,097*

A.—4.

Administration of Western Samoa.—Balance-sheet as at 31st March, 1931. Liabilities. £ s. d. Assets. Si s. d Loan capital (amount raised under New Zea- Land .. .. .. .. .. 22,444 4 9 land Finance Act, 1921-22, section 26) .. 165,200 0 0 Buildings .. .. .. .. .. 93,241 15 0 Liability to sundry depositors—Samoan Post Public works —roads, bridges, &c. .. .. 139,000 0 0 Office Savings-bank .. .. .. 37,234 10 9 Plant arid machinery .. .. 11,755 7 0 Sundry creditors .. .. .. 337 0 7 Harbour plant— £ s. d. Samoan Currency-note Issue Reserve .. 30,000 0 0 Water-barges .. .. 781 0 0 £ 8. d. Launches and boats .. .. 2,500 0 0 Chinese Transport Reserve .. 8,491 17 3 Tools and gear .. .. .. 561 0 0 Widow and Orphan Fund 3,842 0 0 Account .. .. 4 7 9 Furniture and fittings— Miscellaneous Suspense Ac- Office .. .. .. .. 3,166 1 11 count .. .. 8 15 3 Residences .. .. 6,489 19 7 8,505 0 3 Hospital .. .. .. 1,810 9 0 Sundry amounts held on deposit .. .. 1,800 19 7 Vailima .. .. .. 732 16 4 Interest Suspense Account .. .. 1,200 0 0 , Store .. .. .. . 21170 Reserves — 12,410 13 10 Engineering and Transport Motor and other vehicles .. .. .. 795 0 0 Department—lnterest £ s. d. Saddlery and harness .. .. .. 56 10 0 and depreciation reserves 4,235 8 9 Arms and ammunition .. .. .. 800 0 0 Post Office Savings-bank Fire-fighting appliances .. .. .. 272 6 4 General Reserve .. 1,160 2 5 Tools and gear .. .. .. .. 131 15 9 Furniture and Fittings Re- Consumable stores on hand— £ s. d. serve .. .. 12,410 13 10 Public Works Department stores .. 7,334 1 6 Plant and Machinery Re- Medical stores .. .. .. 2,034 8 0 serve .. .. 15,597 7 0 Customs—Medical liquor .. .. 548 11 0 Property Reserve .. 115,685 19 9 Radio-station .. .. .. 275 12 2 Public Works Redemption Police and constabulary .. .. 432 1 3 Fund Reserve .. 18,894 17 10 Harbour Department .. .. 11l 13 6 Depreciation Reserve .. 7,976 611 Post and Telegraph .. .. 436 13 3 Bad and Doubtful Debts Education Department .. .. 171 1 2 Reserve .. .. 773 17 3 Cotton stock and plant .. .. 100 0 0 General Reserve .. 36,337 17 4 Phrase and hand books .. .. 132 18 2 213,072 11 1 Printing and stationery .. .. 1,104 11 2 Writings off Suspense Account .. .. 96 14 6 I 12,681 11 2 I Farm ventures— Tuvao—Plant and stock .. .. 149 18 0 Tafaigata—Plant and stock .. 650 0 0 Vaipouli—Plant and stock .. 134 7 5 934 5 5 Live-stock— Vailima .. .. .. .. 91 10 0 Police Department .. .. 168 0 0 Medical Department .. .. 30 0 0 Education Department .. .. 30 0 0 319 10 0 Engineering and Transport Department — Hydroelectric plant, &c. .. .. .. 26,401 15 8 j Apia Park improvements .. .. .. 3,500 0 0 £ s. d. Departmental sundry debtors .. 7,477 10 1 Departmental miscellaneous sundry debtors .. .. .. .. 177 10 0 Amounts recoverable from other Administrations .. .. .. 323 2 9 — 7,978 210 Advances .. .. .. .. .. 2,012 9 9 Unauthorized expenditure .. .. .. 110 6 0 Investment funds— Post Office Savings-bank— £ s. d. New Zealand investments .. 35,309 0 0 Fixed deposit (Bank of New Zealand, Apia) .. .. .. 2,000 0 0 Public Works loan redemption .. 18,894 17 10 Chinese transport and repatriation .. 6,500 0 0 Fixed deposit (Bank of New Zealand) 10,250 0 0 Samoan currency-note security .. 32,000 0 0 104,953 17 10 Losses in Suspense Account .. .. .. 96 14 6 Cash and bank balances — Bank of New Zealand, Apia and £ s. d. Auckland .. .. .. 12,479 1 1 London Bank .. .. .. 10 4 6 Cash in hand, Resident Commissioner, Savai'i .. .. .. 43 7 8 Samoan Treasury Deposit Account, Wcl- £ s. d. lington .. .. 5,431 6 6 Less remittances in transit, £4,326 18s. 5d.; add amount in suspense, £1,014 3s. 7d. .. ..5,341 2 0 — 80 4 6 12,622 17 9 Post Office Savings-bank— Treasury Deposit Account .. 20 18 1 Postmaster's Deposit Account .. 170 2 4 Treasurv Suspense Account .. 894 12 9 1.085 13 2 £457,446 16 f £457,446 16 9

26

A.—4

" Book debts " are comprised of overhead charges for Chinese labour, and charges for medical, Public Works Department, educational, and other services. European taxes outstanding are also included. " Unauthorized expenditure " : This item represents expenditure which has been paid in the year just closed but is a correct charge against the authorized expenditure of the coming financial year. It will be noticed that the assets and liabilities of the Post Office Savings-bank have been included in the accounts for the first time. The remaining items do not appear to call for special comment. PUBLIC TRUST DEPARTMENT. The year just closed has been more successful from a financial point of view than the previous one, operations having resulted in a small profit to the Trust Office. During the year seven new estates have been placed with the Office to administer, and one assigned estate under the Bankruptcy Act, 1908, has also been received, the total value being £5,250. Of these estates, three have been completed. Owing to the general trade depression in the Territory, some difficulty has been found in realizing estates, and at present the outlook shows little prospect of improvement. The work and accounts of the Office have proceeded satisfactorily throughout the year, the work being kept up to date. WIRELESS DEPARTMENT. The new Apia Station has now been in service for more than a year, and the new installation and situation have proved in all ways excellent. Traffic is handled with a minimum amount of trouble, owing to the compact arrangement of apparatus. In an endeavour to overcome troublesome fading on some of the daylight schedules with Wellington on short wave, a special transmitting - antenna for 26 metres has been erected, and the result has been a gain in signal strength and steadiness. The net receipts on radio-telegraphic transactions during the year amounted to £3,211 175., the number of messages handled being 14,455. Out-stations. —The Salailua Station was reopened in May, 1930, after having been closed for a period of eighteen months. Fakaofo, in the Union Group, which was closed for the purpose of bringing the Native operator to Apia for further instruction, was reopened in October, 1930. All the out-stations (five) are now in commission. Broadcasting Station. —On the 24th January, 1931, a privately owned and operated broadcasting station was opened in Apia. The power used is 2£ watts, on a wave - length of 320 metres. The programmes consist of gramophone records. Amateur Radio Receiving Licenses.—Twenty licenses were in force at the 31st March, 1931. STAFF. The following is a return of the European staffs of Departments, including persons of part Samoan blood. Members of the Police Department as established prior to 1928 are shown under the departmental heading, members of the Constabulary as constituted by the Samoa Prisons and Constabulary Order, 1929, being shown separately.

Notes. (i) Resident Auditor, a new appointment. jj (ii) Department previously a branch of the New Zealand Reparation Estates. Position of Chief Judge temporarily vacant on 31st March, 1929. E (iv) Public Trust Office staff (2) not shown previously in this return. t(v) Duetto s.s. "Lady Roberts" going out of commission; includes one part-time officer. R(vi) Two additional junior probationers appointed. (vii) Department uow merged with Public Works Department. (viii) Consequential reduction made in Chinese staff. (ix) and (x) One temporary vacancy at 31st March, 1930. (xi) Number upon disbandment of Samoa Military Police and establishment of Constabulary in April, 1929.

27

European Staff as at 31st March, Departments. 1928. 1921). 1930. 1931. Administrator's .. .. .. 1 2 2 I 2 Secretariat .. .. .. .. 5 5 6 (i) 6 Agriculture .. .. .. .. 7 Customs and Harbour .. .. 8 10 10 8 (v) Education .. .. .. 11 12 12 14 (vi) Engineering and Transport .. .. .. .. 2 (iij .. (vii) J ustice .. .. .. .. 3 2 3 (iii) 3 Labour .. .. .. .. 2 2 1 2 (viii) Lands and Survey ...... 5 4 3 3 Medical .. .. .. .. 22 20 19 20 (ix) Native Affairs .. .. .. 3 5 3 4 (x) Police and Prisons ...... 6 6 5 4 Postal .. .. .. .. 4 5 5 5 Public Works ...... 8 6 6 6 Treasury and Public Trust .... 4 4 6 (iv) 6 Radio .. .. .. .. 8 8 9 8 Savai'i .. .. .. .. 4 3 3 3 Totals J ...... 101 94 95 94 Constabulary .. .. .. .. 45 (xi) 47 33 0 ——————— ■ ■ Grand totals .. .. .. .. 139 142 127

A.—4

QUESTIONNAIRE. The information supplied under this heading in previous reports applies with the exceptions set out below. ARMS TRAFFIC. The following are details of importations during the year ended 31st March, 1931, of arms and ammunition of every description : — Arms — Smooth-bore shot-guns : 12-gauge, 20 ; 16-gauge, 37 ; 20-gauge, 10 : total, 67. Rifles : -22-calibre, 2. Revolvers : -38-calibre, 1. Ammunition — Shot cartridges: 12-gauge, 24,500; 16-gauge, 23,000 ; 20-gauge, 20,000 ; 410 bore, 1,000: total, 68,500 rounds. Ball cartridges : -32-calibre, 400 ; -38-calibre, 200 ; -25-calibre, 200 : total, 800 rounds. Fireworks, 78 cases. This return does not include arms and ammunition included in police equipment or in police custody. TRADE AND MANUFACTURE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS. The following shows the importations of intoxicating liquor during the year for medicinal purposes, also the quantities issued under medical permits, with a comparison with the quantities issued during the year 1929-30 :—

For sacramental purposes, 240 gallons of wine ; for industrial purposes, 20 gallons rectified spirits of wine. Convictions for liquor offences during the year totalled thirty-eight, r as*against forty-five for the calendar year 1929, and thirty-one for 1928. The countries of origin of alcoholic liquor for the past year, other than wine and beer, imported into the Territory were : Whisky, United Kingdom ; brandy, France; gin, United Kingdom and Holland. Dangerous Drugs.—ln further pursuance of the terms of the Convention and Protocol signed at the Second Opium Conference at Geneva on the 19th February, 1925, the Samoa Dangerous Drugs Order, 1930, was brought into operation during the year in replacement of the New Zealand Opium Act, 1908, and its amendments, which had been in force hitherto. The Dangerous Drugs Order, 1930, follows the provisions of the New Zealand Dangerous Drugs Act, 1927, and a copy of the Order is printed in Appendix B of this report. It is believed there is no traffic in dangerous drugs in Western Samoa, other than occasional attempts to import small parcels of smoking-opium by or for sale to Chinese. Such attempts are made very infrequently, and the subject does not constitute a problem in this Territory. MILITARY CLAUSES. There is no military organization in the Territory. ECONOMIC EQUALITY. The Samoa Immigration Consolidation Order, 1924, referred to in previous answers under this heading, together with its amendments and the Overseas Passengers Landing Deposits Ordinance, 1925, have been consolidated and replaced by the Samoa Immigration Order, 1930. EDUCATION. Medical.—The training of Native medical practitioners, outlined in earlier reports as undertaken solely in the Territory, is now completed by courses at the Central Medical School, Suva, Fiji, as described in the reports of this and recent years.

28

Average Approximate „ .... , Quantity issued. Percentage of Alcohol Quantity imported, by Weight. 1930-31. 6 1929-30. 1930-31. ,,,, . , Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Whisky .. .. 38-5 to 51-0 548 507£ 599 Brandy .. .. | 38-5 to 49-3 79 97 Gin .. .. 40-6 177 " 162$ 201 Port and sherry .. 12-0 to 17-8 171J 1768 Olarct .. .. 5-5 to 10-0 15J 7$ 15$ Stout .. .. 5-5 395$ 76l| 686 Ale .. .. 3-75 1,234 1,084$ 1,417 J Champagne .. 7*5 to 10-6 4 1*£ 2$

A.—4

PUBLIC HEALTH. The answers given under this heading in previous years apply, except that there is now one Inspector of Health, and Natives do not generally receive free medical attention and treatment. MORAL, SOCIAL, AND MATERIAL WELFARE. The information given in previous reports applies, except that the numbers of Samoans and persons of part Samoan blood participating in Government Service on the 31st March, 1931, is as shown in the following table :—

The increases in the Samoan classified departmental staffs are comprised of junior teachers (15), medical staff (3), police messengers (3), and general (6). PUBLIC FINANCES. The information given under this heading in previous years applies, except that estimates of revenue and expenditure for each year are now issued only after the actual revenue and expenditure of the immediately preceding year are ascertained. (Vide the Samoa Treasury Regulations, 1930.) Taxation and revenue, other than Customs duties, are now provided for principally in the Revenue Ordinance, 1929, and the payment of personal tax by Samoans has been suspended under section 6 of the Native Personal Tax Amendment Ordinance, 1928.

DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS. Return of Births, Deaths, Marriages, Immigration, and Emigration for the Year ended 31st December, 1930, and the Total Populations at the Commencement and End of the Year.

29

Europeans. Native Samoans. 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 31st March, 1930. 1931. 1930. 1931. 1930. 1931. Classified departmental staff .. 68 68 25 25 107 118 Native nurses and teachers (in- .. .. .. .. 105 121 eluded but not shown in above) Temporary departmental officials 1 .. 1 .. .... Part-time officials .. .. 1 1 .. .. 185 197 New Zealand Reparation Estates 23 19 5 11 1 3 Service — 93 88 31 36 398 439 Constabulary .. .. 47 33 Casual employees in Adminis- 1 .. 17 7 82 19 tration Departments Totals .. .. 141 121 48 43 480 458

Estimated Estimated Total Total Population, Births. Deaths. Marriages. Immigration. Emigration. Population, 1st January, 31st December, 1930. ( 1930. i Native Samoans .. 40,722 1,317 479 182 1,070 962 41,668 Europeans and half- 2,749 88 13 24 511 520 2,815 castes Chinese labourers .. 955 .. 6 .. 254 288 915 Melanesian labourers 145 .. 3 .. .. 5 137 Totals .. 44,571 1,405 501 206 1,835 1,775 45,535

A.- 4

APPENDICES.

APPENDIX A. Detailed Replies to Inquiries made by Members of the Permanent Mandates Commission. I. Twelfth Session. (Page 198 of Minutes, Document C. 545, M. 194, 1927, VI.) The statistical tables drawn up by tie Secretariat of the League are brought up to date, as follows:—

30

Financial and , , D f at ? Cerl6US Population. (Calendar Years.) Administrative Year. ea " . un ' ", r „ | es ima e . fjative. Native Imports. Exports. Total. £ £ £ 1920-21 .. .. 31/12/20 32,479 .. .. 561,153 386.587 947,740 1921-22 .. .. 17/4/21 32,601 3,821 36,422 408,892 241,539 650,431 1922-23 .. 31/12/22 33,685 3,717 37,402 282,939 365,610 648,549 1923-24 .. .. g'a 31/12/23 33,800 3,299 37,099 268,881 288,774 557,655 1924-25 .. .. * . 31/12/24 34,817 3,048 37,865 274,803 361,418 636,221 1925-26 .. .. 8 » 31/12/25 36,688 3,543 40,231 345,989 379.388 725,377 1926-27 .. .. 31/12/26 38,003 3.657 41.660 324.940 320,783 645,723 1927-28 .. .. 31/12/27 39,215 3,650 42,865 304,369 335,978 640,347 1928-29 .. ~ 31/12/28 39,878 3,884 43,762 326,553 422,175 748,728 1929-30 .. .. 31/12/29 40,722 3,849 44,571 288,849 293,938 582.787 1930-31 .. .. 31/12/30 41,668 3,867 45,535 275,355 284,515 559,870

Revenues from Revenue i . Financial and Public ****** Sources. other than ! oun 8 P en on Administrative Year. Debt. ~ Nan- Ex ™^ al | Natiye Agri . Publlc Public Advances. Q ran ts ' Sources. Eduoation culture. Health. Works. £ £ £ £ & £ £ To 31/3/21 .. ~ 44,336 .. 149,027 3,176 5,405 15,840 13,796 1921-22 .. .. c g 49,229 16,000 119,569 5,237 4,444 22,690 15,418 1922-23 .. .. 6g 20,777 16,000 115,250 6,846 3,787 25,715 12,549 1923-24 5,658 24,000 109,917 6,556 5,748 23,995 21,191 1924-25 .. .. 19,140 111,774 7,609 3,030 24,425 24,737 1925-26 .. .. 5,000 21,400 128,638 9,131 3,187 25,761 26,555 1926-27 a * 31,000 20,000 113,812 9,688 3,760 25,911 20,016 1927-28 .. .. 16,500 20,000 106,038 10,222 4,990 25,597 16,842 1928-29 .. 25,700 20,000 121,904 7,738 4,285 24,367 13,606 1929-30 .. .. .. 39,448 131,416 6,955 * 18,016 17,005 1930-31 .. .. .. 21,000 130,385 7,439 * 18,224 15,726 Total .. .. .. 198,200 Less amount of loan subsequently treated as a gift by New Zealand Government (not in respect of any £ specific year) 25,000 Less repayment of principal made in 1928-29 8,000 33,000 £165,200 1 * Inspection of Native lands absorbed into Native Department and of produce for export into Customs Department. The salaries involved in these services amount to approximately £1,400.

A.—4.

IT. Nineteenth Session. (Page 61 of Minutes, Document C. 643, M. 262, 1930, VI.) Administrative Staff. —The highest positions held by Samoans (apart from the Fautuas and other Native administrative officials) are those of Native medical practitioners, Native Schools Inspectors and teachers, radio operators, and clerks. A field assistant (surveyor) in the Lands and Survey Department is also a Samoan by birth. Attention is again invited to the remarks of the Administrator recorded on page 58 of the Minutes under reference. Samoans generally occupy as high positions in the Administration service as they are capable of filling in other pursuits. (Page 62 of Minutes, Document C. 643, M. 262, 1930, VI.) Public Health.—The staff of the Health Department as at 31st March, 1931, is comprised as follows :—

31

j Europeans. j Samoans - | TotaL Doctors .. .. .. I 4 ., 4 Native medical practitioners .. .. .. 6 6 Nurses .. .. .. .. 9 . . 39 48 Other technical staff .. .. 3 1 ] 2* 16 Clerical and labourers ... 2 1 10 13 j j j 18 2 67 87 * Includes four cadets in training at Central Medical School, Fiji.

A.—4

APPENDIX B.

Chart showing Import, Export, and Total Trade of Western Samoa, 1910-30 (inclusive) (Values shown are averages for each period.)

32

A—4.

Graph showing Native Copra-production. (Averages for each period.)

5—A. 4.

33

A.—4

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing (1,160 copies, Including graphs and map), £73.

Price Is. 3d.]

.*• By Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l93l.

34

A-4

WESTERN SAMOA