EDUCATION: MANUAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION. [In continuation of E.-5, 1929.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1930 Session I, E-05

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1930. NEW ZEALA N I),

EDUCATION: MANUAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION. [In continuation of E.-5, 1929.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTENTS. PAGE 1. Extracts from the Fifty-third Annual Report of the Minister of Education (E.-l) .. .. .. 2 2. Reports of Superintendent of Technical Education, and of the Inspectors of Technical Schools and Manualtraining Classes .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ' .. .. 7 3. Tables relating to Manual and Technical Instruction :— Section A : Tables relating to Technical High Schools and Technical Day Schools (Full-time Courses) — J 1. —Average Attendance, Roll Numbers, and Number of Government Free-place Holders and Pupils living away from Home .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ..'l3 J 2.—Classification of Pupils on the Roll at 30th June, 1929, according to Year of Attendance .. 1.3 J 3.—Classification of Pupils on the Roll at 30th June, 1929, according to Courses of Instruction .. 13 J 4.—Classification of Pupils on the Roll at 30th June, 1929, according to Ages .. .. 14 J s.—Number of Pupils who commenced their Post-primary Education in .1929, according to Age at Date of Admission .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 J 6.—Destination of Full-time Pupils who left the Technical High or Day School during or at the End of 1929 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 Section B : Tables relating to Technical Classes held in the Evening or in connection with Part-time Day Courses — J 7.—Classification of Students on the Roll at 30th June, 1929, according to Occupations .. 14 J B.—Classification of Students on the Roll at 30th June, 1929, according to Ages .. 14 J 9.—Free Pupils (according to Years of Attendance) and other Students on Roll at 30th June, 1929 14 Section C : Tables relating to all Technical and Technical High and Day School Classes (Full - time, Part-tim,e, and, Evening Courses) — J 10. —Table showing Combined Roll Numbers at Day and Evening Classes at 30th Juno, 1929 .. 15 J 11 (a,). —Receipts by Controlling Authorities for Year ended 31st December, 1929 .. ..16 J 11 (ft). —Payments by Controlling Authorities for Year ended 31st December, 1929 .. ..17 Section D : Tables relating to Manual Instruction in connection with Primary Schools — J 12. —Statement of Receipts and Payments by Education Boards for Year ended 31st December, 1929, in respect of Classes for Manual Instruction and Elementary Handwork .. 18 J 13.—Some Particulars relating to Pupils attending Special Manual-training Centres during Year ended 31st December, 1929 .. .. .. .. .. .. ' .. 19 Section E : General Summary relating to all Classes (Manual and Technical) — J 14.—Some Particulars relating to Manual and Technical Instruction .. ~ ~ 20

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I. EXTRACTS FROM THE FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION. Manual Instruction. Staffing.—On the 30th June, 1929, there was in the employ of the various Education Boards a total of 131 full-time specialist teachers engaged in giving instruction to senior pupils in woodwork, metalwork, and domestic subjects, besides twenty-three specialist instructors in elementary agriculture. These teachers were classified as under. Class YII is the highest, and in Division I are placed those teachers whose classification is based on academic or professional qualifications equivalent to at least a University diploma involving three years' preparation of University standard.

Full-time Classified Teachers in Manual-training Classes as at 30th June, 1929.

In this table are included nine teachers (four men and five women) on staffs of junior high schools. The average rates of salary on the 30th June, 1929, were as follows : Men, £362 ; women, £227 ; both, £303. The following are some particulars of the number of schools and the number of pupils receiving instruction in manual training during 1929 :— Elementary agriculture : Number of public primary schools, 2,003 ; number of pupils, 50,267. Elementary science : Number of public primary schools, 73 ; number of pupils, 3,492. Woodwork : Total number of pupils attending special centres was 22,367, of which 17,303 attended from public primary schools and 1,663 from private schools, the remainder attending from junior high schools, secondary schools, or secondary departments of district high schools. Metalwork: Total number of pupils attending special centres was 1,089, of which 94 attended from public primary schools and 34 from private schools, the remainder attending from junior high schools, secondary schools, or secondary departments of district high schools. Domestic subjects: Total number of pupils attending special centres was 22,037, of which 16,508 attended from public primary schools and 1,866 from private schools, the remainder attending from junior high schools, secondary schools, or secondary departments of district high schools.

Division I. Division II. Class. ; Totals. Men. Women. Men. I Women. J VII .. VI .. .. .. 1 .. 5 6 12 Y .. .. .. j 9 1 19 & 37 IV .. .. .. 3 .. 14 7 24 III .. .. .. 2 5 12 7 26 II .. .. .. 1 6 8 4 19 T. .. .. 2 19 11 4 36 Totals, 1929 .. 18 31 69 36 154 Totals, 1928 .. 17 23 65 38 143

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Financial. —The total amount due by the Department to the Education Boards for the salaries and incidental expenses for the year 1929 was approximately £73,654, made up as follows : — Salaries — £ £ Full-time assistants .. .. .. .. .. 45,514 Full-time student teachers .. .. . . . . 79 Overtime .. .. .. . . .. .. 88 Capitation for part-time teachers (including commercial instructors in district high schools) .. .. .. 805 46,486 Incidental allowances . . . , . . . . .. . . 10,862 Capitation grants . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 16,306 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 73,654 Tn addition, capitation amounting to £1,685 and incidental allowances amounting to £505 were earned on account of commercial instruction in district high schools •given by part-time teachers. The Department also provided handwork materials for use in 1929 costing some £11,600, and also refunded to Education Boards the actual receiving and distributing charges, amounting approximately to £1,400 involving a total expenditure of £13,000. The above figures exclude salaries and incidental allowances payable in respect of manual-training classes conducted by Technical School Boards. TECHNICAL EDUCATION General. Number of Schools. —The number of technical high schools open during 1929 was fourteen, in addition to which there were seven organized technical or art schools offering full-day courses. From the Ist January, 1927, the New Plymouth Technical Day School was amalgamated with the New Plymouth High School, and the statistics as far as the full-time pupils are concerned are included in the secondary schools report. Technical classes were conducted at twenty of the twenty-one centres referred to above, and also at seventeen other centres, the total number of centres for all classes being thirty-eight. Attendance. —The following table shows the numbers in attendance at technical schools and classes in 1929 :—

In the technical high schools and technical day schools the total enrolments increased from 7,817 in 1928 to 8,266 in 1929, an increase of 5-7 per cent. It is to be noted that the increase in the numbers in both day and evening classes is due to the increase in the number of free pupils, more than balancing a diminution in the numbers of other pupils. Staffing. —On the 30th June, 1929, there were 327 full-time assistant teachers on the staffs of technical schools, besides a large number of part-time teachers. There were also twenty full-time student teachers, eleven being males and nine

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—-— | Free. Other. Total. Total number of pupils on the roll of technical high and technical day 7,324 212 7,536 schools at 30th June, 1929 Total number of students in attendance at other technical classes (i.e., 5,627 5,560 11,187 part-time and evening classes) at 30th June, 1929 Grand total .. .. .. .. 12,951 5,772 j 18,723

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females. The following table shows the classification of the 327 full-time assistant teachers, Class VII being the highest: —

It is interesting to note that in the last ten years the number of Division I teachers has increased from sixty-three in 1920 to 188 in 1929 — i.e., an increase of 198 per cent., while the number of Division II teachers has increased from 112 to 139, an increase of only 24 per cent. The average rates of salary on the 30th June, 1929, were as follows : Principals (male), £658 (excluding house allowance). Assistants—Men, £.403 ; women, £259 ; both, £347. AH teachers (Principals and assistants) —Men, £429 ; women, £259 ; both, £367. With the inclusion of manual-training teachers employed by Education Boards the average rates of salary for all teachers (including Principals of technical schools) graded under the Regulations for Manual and Technical Instruction were as follows : Men, £410 ; women, £248 ; both, £347. Evening Technical Classes and Part-time Day Classes. Classes were held at thirty-seven centres, as compared with thirty-eight in the previous year. The number of individual students was as follows : — In classes conducted by Technical School Boards .. .. .. 8,9.12 In classes conducted by Secondary Education Boards . . .. . . 232 In classes conducted by Education. Boards .. .. .. . . 481 In classes conducted by High School Boards .. .. . . . . 1,151 In classes conducted by University College Boards . . . . .. 411 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,187 Of these students 5,627 held Government free places, classified as follows : —

Division I. Division II. Glass. -- Totals. Men. | Women. Men. j Women. VII . .... 2 l 4 6 VI ...... 7 5 6 10 28 V .. .. . .. 24- 9 12 20 65 IV .. .. .. •"> 1 7 i 17 17 | 75 III ...... 30 9 17 3 I 59 II .. .. . . 17 S 12 in IT I .. .. ,. 18 18 6 5 47 Totals, 1929 .. .. | 130 58 70 69 327 Totals, 1928 .. .. 119 57 j 64 j 65 1 305

' 1- —-— Males. Females. | Totals. First year .. .. .. 828 501 1,329 Second year .. ... 708 329 1,037 Third year . . . .. 962 487 1,449 Fourth year .. .. .. 707 385 1 1,092 Fifth year and over .. .. 451 269 720 3,656 1,971 5,627 ■ ■! * • ■ i i It I ■ >'! I'.n [ i if i! >|| i , J i I j ii 11 ...

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The following are some particulars of the age, sex, and occupation of students :—

Sex and Age.

Summary of Occupations of Students.

Technical High Schools, Technical Day Schools, and Full-time Day Classes. At the 30th June, 1929, the numbers of pupils taking the various courses provided were as follows : —

It is to be noted that in some cases under the general course are included pupils preparing for the Engineering Preliminary Examination. Of the total number of pupils (7,536) 7,324 held Government free places, classified as follows :—

During .1.929 4,354 new pupils were admitted, and of this number 4,072 were commencing their secondary education.

Sex. U ° dor 13 13 Years. 14 Years. 15 Years. 16 Years. , 1 0 7 1^? ars er 21 Totals. Years. to 21 Years. Years. Males .. 51 105 ' 516 ! 991 1,351 3,486 607 ' 7,107 Females .. 56 140 j 437 638 716 1,471 622 4,080 ! Totals 107 245 i 953 1,629 2,067 4,957 1,229 11,187

Number of Pf f^ a f Percentage Qi j i oi lotal, 01 lotal, Students. 1028> Various trades and industries .. .. ... 5,211 46-6 46-7 Agricultural pursuits .. .. .. ■ • .. 160 1-4 1-8 Professional pursuits .. .. .. •. . . 625 5-6 5-9 Clerical pursuits .. .. .. .. .. 2,303 20-6 20-6 Domestic pursuits .. .. .. .. .. 1,259 11-3 11-5 No occupation .. .. .. .. .. 1,225 10*9 8-6 Other occupations, not stated . . .. .. .. 404 3-6 4-9 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 11,187 100-0 100-0

Percentage of Totals. Course. Boys. j Girls. Totals. ; Boys. Girls. I Industrial .. .. .. 2,097 .. 2,097 50-7 Agricultural .. .. 408 .. 408 9-8 Domestic .. .. .. .. 1,070 1,070 .. 31-5 Commercial.. .. .. 821 1,828 2,649 20-0 53-7 General . . .. .. 704 237 941 17-0 7-0 Art .. .. .. 106 265 371 2-5 7-8 Totals .. .. 4,136 3,400 7,536 100-0 100-0

Boys. j Girls. Totals. . j First year .. .. .. 2,127 1,749 3,876 Second year .. .. .. 1,244 1,020 2,264. Third year . . .. .. 453 369 822 Fourth year . . .. . . 158 116 274 Fifth year .. .. .. 40 39 79 Sixth year .... .. 5 j 4 j 9 Totals .. .. .. 4,027 j 3,297 7,324

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The following table shows the classification of pupils according to age at 30th June, 1929 :—

Financial. The total amount due by the Department to the controlling authorities for the salaries and incidental expenses of all technical classes, including technical high and day schools for the year 1929 was approximately £200,340, made up as follows : — Salaries— £ £ Full-time principals and assistants .. ... .. 127,538 Full-time student teachers .. .. .. .. 1,752 Full-time teachers —overtime .. .. .. 10,590 Capitation for part-time assistants .. .. .. 23,177 163.057 Incidental allowances .. .. .. .. .. .. 47,587 210,644 Less recoveries from tuition fees .. .. .. .. 10,304* Net amount .. .. .. .. .. .. £200,340 * Includes £384 from Endowment Income. The above figures include salaries and incidental allowances payable in respect of manual-training classes conducted by Technical School Boards.

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L U " der 13 Years. 14 Years. 15 Years. . 16 Years. 17 Years. 18 Years Totals. IS Years. ! ! and over. I ! i I ; Boys .. .. .. 193 914 1,377 1,060 406 132 54 4,136 Girls .. 220 843 1,081 778 303 107 68 3,400 Totals .. 413 1.757 2,458 1,838 709 239 ! 122 7.536 I |

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2. ABRIDGED REPORTS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION AND THE INSPECTORS OF TECHNICAL SCHOOLS AND MANUAL-TRAINING CLASSES. Education Department, Wellington, 26th June, 1930. Sib., — We have the honour to submit, in accordance with the regulations, the following report on manual and technical instruction for the year 1929 : — We have, &c, W. S. La Trobe. E. M. Burns. F.' C. Renyard. W. S. Austin. The Director of Education, Wellington. I. TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. Attendance. The total number of students in part-time day and evening classes was 11,187, of whom 5,627 held junior or senior free places and 5,560 paid fees. Of the total number, 1,444 had been attending primary schools in the previous year. From Table J 8 appended to this report it will be seen that 6,186 students, being 55-3 per cent, of the total, were seventeen years of age or over, while 1,305, or 11-6 per cent., were under fifteen years of age. Of this 11-6 per cent., however, a considerable number, probably at least one-third, were part-time day pupils included among the 1,225 persons of '"' no occupation " as given in Table J 7 appended to this report. Tables A and B below give some indication of the way in which attendance at technical schools has changed in recent years. These tables are included in order to give more reliable information as to changes in the relative attendance at day and evening classes, and as to the development of the various courses, than can be obtained by comparing the tables published in the respective years without making due allowance for changes in the form of the tables and the limits of the field which they cover.

Table A.—Number of Students, according to Ages, admitted to Classes at Technical Schools other than Technical High-school Classes; also Primary School "Leavers" joining Technical High Schools in the next Year.

(1) . (2) (3) (4) (5) : (6) (7) (8) (9) Students ad- Junior Free Totals mitted who Place of ColTJndcr 13 13-15 15-17 Over 17 Totals left a Primary First-year Pupils umns Years of Age. Years of Age. Years of Age. Years of Age. ' School in the in „. I Six Year. | Previous Technical b * x aM heven - and Year. High Schools. Seven M. P. M. F. M. F M. F. M. i P. , M. F. M. , F. M. F. „ Both I j Sexes. I F j jj i 1917 .. 423 3771,6011,3992,6492,3303,9965,6258,669j9,731 1,347 929 595 1 627 2,273 1,556 3,829 1918 .. 386 423 1,812 1.5262,4592,0603,573 4,671 8,230,8,680'1,302 910 700 711 2,002 1,621 3,623 1919 .. 413 4871,9311,4882,6402,0994,3054,5879,2898,66l[ll,581 936 821 710 2,402 1,646 4,048 1920 .. 454 5431,7731,4752,6242,1384,7004,9219,5519,077| 1,353 856 759 588 2,112 1,444 3,556 1921 .. i 561 6641,5291,5262,8642,0613,9803,6478,934,7, 898 1,350 790 945 758 2,295 1,548 3,843 1922 .. 214 2051,039 8692,2691,5863,5372,5437,0595,203 1,016 720 1,213 929 2,229 1,649 3,878 1923 .. 185 1891,2491,0502,217 1,4863,7062,9817,3575,700 1,048 824 1,512 1,117 2,560 1,941 4,501 1924 .. 218 2041,036 929 2,559 1,739 4,328 3,231 8,141 6,102j 1,024 850 1,476 1,202 2,500 2,052 4,552 1925*.. 140 181 974 9402,5321,5174,0212,6617,6675,299| 940 724 1,378 1,226 2,318 1,950 4,268 1926f• • 170 205 937 7282,6851,3753,9792,6027,771 4,910 1,037 616 1,960 1,631 2,997 2,247 5,244 1927-j-.. 85 68 783 5692,701 1,4624,3462,3947,9154,493 857 637 1,846 1.576 2,703 2,213 4,916 1928+.. 59 70 604 516 2,205 1,302 4,1382,069 7,006 3,957 700 472 2,023 1,663 2,723 2,135 4,858 1929+.. 51 56 621 577 2,3421,354 4,093 2,093 7,107 4,080 853 591 2,127 1,749 2,980 2,340 5,320 _J _j L * Epidemic year. t Technical day schools counted with technical high schools. Note. —The 1928 and 1929 figures show roll at the 30th June in each year; not total enrolments as for previous years.

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Table B.—Students in Technical Classes: Numbers attending from certain Groups of Occupations.

11. TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOLS AND TECHNICAL DAY SCHOOLS. Attendance. The enrolment at technical high schools and technical day schools of full-time pupils taking courses under the Regulations for Manual and Technical Instruction was 7,536 at the 30th June, 1929, as compared with 7,214 at the corresponding date in the previous year. The enrolment of 7,536 consisted of 4,136 boys and 3,400 girls. Of the boys 2,097 took industrial courses, 408 agriculture, 821 commercial work, 704 a general course, and 106 an art course, an increase in each case over the number for the previous year of 3-1 per cent, in the industrial course, 13-6 per cent, in the agricultural course, 8-2 per cent, in the commercial course, 4-3 per cent, in the general course, and 4 per cent, in the art course. Of the girls 1,070 took the domestic course, 1,828 the commerical, 237 the general, and 265 the art course, higher numbers than in the previous year, except in the general course, in which the numbers were almost the same in the two years. Buildings and Equipment. Buildings and equipment have been maintained in good order and condition throughout the year, and some necessary additions to buildings have been made. A certain amount of damage was done to two technical high schools by the severe earthquake of June, 1929. Examination, however, has proved that these two schools are structurally sound, and that the damage was confined to relatively unimportant structural elements. The defects were promptly repaired, and these two schools are now apparently none the worse for the severe shaking they have received. The question of accommodation in the four larger centres continues to give anxiety. Not only do the rolls of the technical high schools show increases amounting to 4 per cent, over those of the previous year, but the evening schools, attended for the most part by trade learners and apprentices, have great difficulty in accommodating all students desiring instruction. In practically all of such schools, every workshop, laboratory, and classroom is engaged for five nights a week during the session, and the decreased flexibility of the accommodation thus brought about renders the task of organization very difficult. Character and Quality of the Instruction. The work for the most part has proceeded upon lines which have been well tried, and have proved to be no less successful than in the past. While in the theoretical treatment of various subjects in the curriculum a certain degree of versatility is often to be seen, in practical work in the laboratories and workshops undue conservatism is often shown. In laboratory work, for instance, the students for the most part work in pairs or even larger groups. It is true that some experimental work really requires more than one student to make the necessary observations, but in most cases far better training can be obtained by individual work, and, indeed, it is only by such individual work that any training worthy of the name can really be obtained. To do that involves the restriction of the numbers in any class to about twenty students as a maximum, yet one constantly sees classes of nearly double this number

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Commercial, &c. I Engineering and Building. a - — "aS dS no. „• I" J I S |.S' Y ® a r. *g 2| « s'S 1 ! I 3 I § ■3 a £ 1~ «3 S Total. gj j3s i g g-2 Total. wg ■- I oj ll-d'' SI ■& S I SS,; _.-a $ s ga« =H | §w | |s8 § !&? |o i O OQ ft , H ; , fi p | W H &< I [5 H, H F4 , j j j ' I I 1913 .. 1,752 1,144 230 84 151 j 3,361 638 238 j 601 535 162 2,174 5,535 2,880 1914 .. 1,874 1,187 267 118 170 3,616 644 228; 622 521 136 2,151 5,767 2,820 1915 .. 1,996 1,307 241 100 176 I 3,820 699 214 ! 441 454 126 1,934 5,754 3,285 1916 .. j 2,207 { 1,422 262 127 147 4,165 745 248 377 ' 384 117 1,871 6,036 2,382 1917 .. 2,382 1,373 249 102 176 4,282 784 261 I 351 315 124 1,835 6,117 3,294 1918 .. 2,173 1,295 227 68 151 3,914 826 316 j 290 289 101 1,822 5,736 2,684 1919 .. 1,911 | 1,295 227 102 130 3,665 961 278 362 346 109 2,056 5,721 2,754 1920 .. 2,146 | 1,300 I 245 85 ! 119 3,895 876 | 476) 546 506 79 2,483 6,278 2,997 1921 .. [2,214 1,042 240 131 130 3,757 900 j 408 577 j 539 107 j 2,531 6,288 1,134 1922 .. 1,957 1,203 j 264 86 79 3,589 701 359 j 611 428 186 2,185 5,774 872 1923 .. I 1,972 858 j 135 83 83 3,131 754 420 634 519 69 2,396 5,527 1,002 1924 .. | 2,209 | 966 j 168 81 110 3,534 757 446 ! 667 713 103 2,686 6,220 1,187 1925 .. j 2,183 928 125 78 125 3,439 757 428 [ 847 827 155 3,014 6,453 ! 858 1926 .. 2,513 1,016 197 147 3,873 812 488 ! 811 905 190 3,206 7,079 800 1927 .. 2,573 1,063 198 188 4,022 979 444 { 828 971 193 3,415 7,437 676 1928 .. 2,253 1,090 154 175 3,672 912 375 ! 740 825 218 3,070 6,742 I 650 1929 .. 2.303 1,165 j 194 | 131 3,793 885 302 j 826 762 246 3,021 6,814 625 I I I i ' ! ! I Note. —The 1928 and 1929 figures show roll at the 30th June in each year ; not total enrolments, as for previous years.

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attempting to do practical work during the extent of one short teaching period. The consequence is that few of the students are really actively engaged, and the confusion entailed in distributing and collecting the apparatus and the wear-and-tear on the laboratory equipment are out of all proportion to the value derived from the lesson. In view of the staffing-allowance made, and of the fact that junior and intermediate classes are taught for the most part in units of forty pupils or thereabouts, there should be no insuperable difficulty in arranging half classes of not more than twenty pupils for practical work, at any rate in the larger schools. If this were done the limiting factor would then be the amount of laboratory and workshop accommodation available, which would not in all cases be adequate. In the workshops the chief problem is to find a balance between factors which are to some extent in conflict with each other ; these factors are the maintenance of the interest of the pupils, the cultivation of an appreciation for and an increasing power of obtaining accuracy, and an output of reasonable quantity, quality, and utility. Not in all schools has anything like a reasonable balance yet been attained. 111. MANUAL TRAINING. Attendance. An increase in the number of pupils receiving instruction in woodwork, metalwork, and domestic subjects under special instructors at manual-training centres has again to be recorded, the number for 1929 being 45,493, as compared with 44,265 for the previous year. Included in this total are 5,303 primary and secondary pupils from junior and senior high schools. Where possible, opportunity is given for attendance at the centres of pupils from private schools, and during the year some 3,563 boys and girls from such schools were so provided for. Instruction in advanced nature-study and elementary agriculture, involving practical work in school gardens and experimental plots, was taken by 50,267 pupils of Standard IV and upwards in primary and district high schools. Instruction in other science subjects, such as dairy science, physics, and chemistry, was given to secondary pupils of district high schools and also to 3,492 primary pupils of such schools as had no facilities for training in elementary agriculture. For the purpose of capitation grants all of this science work, which is conducted under the supervision of the special instructors, is classed under the general head of " Manual Training." Staffing. For the conduct of instruction in the manual-training subjects referred to in the previous section, 154 classified specialist instructors were employed by the various Education Boards. In these numbers there has been an increase of eleven. Included in the total are twenty-three instructors engaged in the supervision of the teaching of nature-study, elementary agriculture, and science generally ; in this number there has been no change for some years past. In some of the technical schools where appropriate workrooms are not fully engaged throughout the day, manual-training classes in woodwork, metal work, and domestic subjects are accommodated, and the services of forty-four teachers on the full-time staffs of such schools were so made use of for varying periods during the year. In only three centres were part-time instructors employed for ordinary manual-training subjects, but 494 local parttime teachers were engaged in needlework instruction in small schools which had no women teachers on the staff. No great difficulty was experienced in filling vacancies in the ranks of teachers of domestic subjects, there being a sufficient supply of graduates and holders of diplomas from the Home-science Department of the University of Otago to meet the normal demand. For the provision of men teachers of handicraft no system of training in any way comparable with that at Otago University for teachers of domestic subjects is yet in operation, and, for the present, reliance must for the most part be placed upon the keenness which induces practical men to come over from the trades and take up the greater work of the instruction of the young and the adolescent. It is satisfactory to find, however, that almost invariably the love for the work of instruction is so strong that practical psychology soon becomes a matter of first-rate importance in the eyes of such men, with the result that the development of their powers as teachers is steady and sound. In the city centres of Auckland and Christchurch young men with trade experience are engaged as assistants, and under the direct guidance of the principal teachers secure a very satisfactory training in teaching methods which enables them to fill appointments in the field with greater confidence and facility. As the scope of manual training increases and developments bring about a more intimate relation between this feature and the ordinary work of the school, it will probably be found necessary, as indeed it is now seen to be desirable, to make some provision for college training in pedagogy for the teachers of handicraft. At the August examination for the Handicraft Teachers' Certificate, twenty-one candidates presented themselves. Of these four obtained partial passes in Section I, three obtained partial passes in Section 11, one passed in Section 11, and one completed the whole examination, whilst twelve were unsuccessful. Of the three candidates who obtained partial passes in Section II one was also successful in completing Section I, the others having completed this section in a previous year. The issue of this certificate was first provided for in 1925, and the full examination has now been passed by three teachers. It necessitates three years' general and special study, and its requirements include a demonstration of skill on the practical side.

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Buildings and Equipment. The past year has seen considerable progress in the provision of new centres and in improvements in or additions to existing ones. All the work referred to in the previous report as contemplated or in progress has been brought to completion ; in addition a new centre has been opened at Whakatane, and one has been authorized for Otorohanga ; at Methven and at Owaka buildings have been leased and equipped for the instruction of woodwork classes ; at Waipukurau new buildings are in process of erection to replace rented premises ; and remodelling or other extensive improvements have been carried out at two Christchurch centres (Sydenham and Phillipstown) and at Waitara, Manaia, Millerton, Kaitangata, and Lawrence. The class of buildings now provided for manual-training purposes is much superior to that originally considered suitable ; the rooms in most respects more nearly approximate in style and finish those generally in use by ordinary classes, and to the influence of environment so much importance is now accorded that there is increasing effort to improve the older rooms by lining and painting the barn-like woodwork shops, covering the floors and more frequently redecorating the walls of kitchens, and so forth, and to an increasing extent attention is also being given to the grounds in which the buildings are situated. For the most part the equipment receives proper care at the hands of the instructors concerned, and, as indicated in the previous report, the various Boards are giving more thought to the provision of additions and replacements to the outfits of tools and utensils, a duty which, in view of the liberality of the incidental allowances made by the Department, should be by no means difficult. Now that the use of electricity for cooking is becoming so general in the cities and larger towns, efforts are being made to install electric cookers to augment the cooking-appliances in the kitchens of the manual-training centres. Frequently such additions are secured as the result of direct local effort, supplemented by the Board or the Department, and in several cases the installation has been made by the local Power Board partly or entirely free of cost, and, on the whole, the desirable improvements have been made without very heavy claims upon the general funds available for the purposes of manual training. Where secondary boys receive instruction at the centres appropriate additions to the ordinary equipment of hand tools are readily granted. It would seem desirable, however, in these cases to go further and provide on a moderate scale such simple power machines as will not only lessen the drudgery frequently involved in the class of exercise suitable for senior boys, but will also make possible that widening of the scope of the work so desirable at this stage. Character and Quality of the Instruction. For the most part the practical side of the instruction given at the manual-training centres continues to be maintained at a very satisfactory standard, and instructors are giving closer attention to the possibilities of advanced handwork as a means of supplementing and to a large degree taking the place of the general class-room education. The whole syllabus of instruction, and particularly those parts where linkages between work at the bench and studies at the desk and in the field are shown to be possible and necessary, is being more closely considered, and it is expected that the admirable advice to teachers with which the syllabus now abounds will be freely accepted and liberally applied. It is perhaps too early to note any marked results from the directions regarding continuity and progression in connection with handwork throughout the school, but already there is definite evidence of a movement towards greater co-operation between the instructors at the centres and the teachers on the ordinary school staff. This closer touch will serve to remove misunderstandings on both sides, and incidentally lead to a recognition that the work at the centre is not a thing apart, but a feature of education most intimately bound up in the whole scheme whereby it is sought to aid in the mental, moral, and physical training of the child. Manual training continues to hold a place of great importance in junior high schools. Here the conditions are in most respects favourable, mainly because the instructors are members of the staff, and but few obstacles stand in the way of full correlation. The position is not so satisfactory in those senior high schools in which manual training is taken by some forms, there still being a tendency to expect good results when to the practical exercises time-table periods of no longer duration are devoted than are apportioned to ordinary desk lessons. Handwork and Manual Training in the Schools. Manual training in woodwork, metalwork, and domestic subjects is provided mainly for senior pupils —namely, those in classes above Standard IV—but other children of twelve years and over who for some reason have been retarded in their scholastic progress may also take advantage of this form of training. For pupils below the senior division instruction in simpler forms of handwork is provided, this being of such a nature as to be conveniently taken in the school-room. The material for this kind of work is supplied by the Department to the Boards for distribution to the schools, and the cost of that material for the year 1929 amounted to some £13,000. In the special classes composed entirely of backward children, handwork provides the principal means of education, and excellent results are being achieved through the medium of this instrument. Where possible the older pupils of these classes also attend manual-training centres, take their places very satisfactorily by the side of ordinary pupils, while for others who may be less adaptable a simpler and more appropriate course may be provided. The problem of more advanced training for these retardates when they are too old to remain in close association with those of ordinary school age is one which is now engaging the attention of the officers of the Department.

£.—5

11

With respect to the introduction of light woodwork as an advanced form of handwork that may be practised in the ordinary classroom with the aid of some special equipment of a simple kind, it is not proposed to come to a decision until the experimental work now being carried out under some of the Education Boards has been continued sufficiently to make available such particulars as are necessary for the formation of a definite opinion as to its educational value and the possibility of conducting the work thoroughly as well as economically. No alteration has been made in the distribution of the twenty-three agricultural instructors engaged by the various Education Boards for the purpose of assisting teachers in conducting the instruction in advanced nature-study, elementary agriculture, dairy and general science. These specialists continue to give excellent service. They devote particular attention to the senior divisions of ordinary primary schools and to the secondary departments of district high schools, but in a number of districts they also assist the teachers of classes in the lower divisions. In addition, they give expert advice in connection with major or minor operations directed towards the improvement of the environment, and in some districts are called upon to co-operate with farmers' unions and officers of the Department of Agriculture in the management of boys' and girls' clubs engaged in such operations as the raising of root crops and the rearing of calves in a competitive way. The development of this club movement is so great that the questions will soon arise as to what amount of assistance and direction should be required of the instructors of the two departments respectively, and as to whether an officer should be appointed to supervise the work throughout the Dominion. Needlework in the Schools. During the year 1929 Miss M. Dyer, M.A., Inspector of Home Science, was absent from the Dominion on leave, and Miss E. M. Burns, organizing instructress in needlework in the Hawke's Bay District, was temporarily employed, chiefly as Inspector of Dressmaking and Needlework, in the public primary and post-primary schools of the Dominion. The following remarks extracted from her report to the Director deal with conditions of work in dressmaking, plain-sewing, and other branches of needleworkteaching in the Dominion : — " The quality of the work, the amount accomplished in a year, and the teachers' attitude towards sewing vary very considerably in different districts and in the different schools. The charge has frequently been made that the standard of needlework-teaching has fallen during the last twenty years, and in the case of many schools it must be admitted that much of the work is extremely poor. This deterioration in quality is undoubtedly due to neglect of the subject over a number of years. The standard has thus gradually fallen, and it will continue to fall unless greater attention is paid to sewing in the primary schools, in the post-primary schools, and. in the teachers' training colleges. " A review of the needlework-teaching as carried out in the primary schools twenty or thirty years ago, when the quality of the work reached a higher standard of technical excellence, is valuable as showing what causes have led to the change in the standard of teaching. Samples of needlework executed by the mothers and aunts of the present generation of pupils show that the stitchery, the hemming, seaming, button-holing, darning, &c, reach a standard of beautiful fine sewing such as is seldom seen to-day. Under the system in vogue at that time the children worked the final stitchery only, the cutting and setting being done by the teacher in charge out of school hours. Thus it was necessary that the teacher should spend long evenings in preparing the pupils' work, as well as in looking over their sewing and in correcting faults. The type of needlework taught was influenced by the type of garments worn by the women and children at that time, the cutting and sewing of these garments demanding a much greater knowledge of difficult sewing and construction than is needed to make those worn at the present time. The pupil-teachers in those days served a three or four years' pupilteachership, and during that period they received instruction in needlework of the above-mentioned type from senior teachers who were usually expert needlewomen. The pupils who were trained under this system did not, in general, enjoy needlework, as there was not enough freedom, since the children were not at liberty to express themselves by developing their own ideas in the construction and design of the articles on which they laboured. " The sacrifice of a rigid insistence on technical precision in fine stitchery is not too great a price to pay for freedom to develop educational needlecraft, and to arouse and maintain an active interest in the work on the part of the child. Sewing is now to be taken rather as a part of the general training of the pupils in measuring, designing, and the use of colour than as an exercise in fine stitchery. From their first lesson the children are encouraged to make articles which they need in school or in play or for use in the home. The construction of such articles brings in the measuring and the cutting of the material as well as the actual stitching. In the early stages all the stitches used make and decorate the article at the same time, the work being carried out in coarse material with the use of bright coloured wools and thick cottons. That this method appeals to the children and the teachers, and that the children not only learn to sew and to construct articles, but also sew out of school hours for pleasure, has been proved by practical experience. " It was hoped that the hints given in the new syllabus for primary schools would be a sufficient guide to teachers, but it is found that many need more help than can be contained in any general scheme. They need to see the actual articles made, and the methods used in their construction need to be explained. The teachers as a whole find it difficult to acquire a good foundation in this subject, while there are no visiting specialists on whom they can. call for assistance. " It is important that the teaching of needlework in the primary schools should be strengthened not only on account of the individual and personal needs of most of the pupils, but because of its importance to those who are to become teachers.

E.—s

12

" The present low standard of work is not due to carelessness, but rather to deficiencies in the training of teachers. The teachers are anxious for guidance, their difficulty is to obtain it. The following three ways of reaching the primary teachers have been used : — " (1) Lectures to the teachers. " (2) Use of sets of work illustrating the needlework suitable for the different standards. These can be readily posted to different schools. " (3) Supervision of the sewing under usual class conditions. " The first and second of these ways are found helpful, in arousing the teacher's interest and suggesting fresh ideas on the subject, but it is the combination of all three which is most effective, as it is only by visits to the classes and by meeting the special needs of each teacher that the interest can be maintained and a high level of achievement reached. In all post-primary schools the needlework is undoubtedly handicapped through the inadequacy of the work done in the primary schools. In the junior high schools, given a better preparation in the lower standards, the schemes of work could well be expanded and improved. In the district high schools the actual teaching is often in the hands of specialists, either full-time teachers of domestic subjects or part-time teachers with business experience, and is usually very sound, the results in some cases being particularly good. In the technical schools effective work is done by specialist teachers, especially in dressmaking classes in which the girls learn to make garments for themselves and others in the home. Plain sewing is also well done, but sometimes lacks daintiness and finish. In the high schools the attention given to sewing and dress-making varies very considerably between the different schools, the amount and quality being low in some cases, but in others up to a very satisfactory standard." It appears from Miss Burns's report that the main problem in the teaching of needlework in the schools is that of ensuring that the teachers in the primary schools shall be competent, since weakness in the work in the elementary stages carries right through to the training colleges, and has led in the last few years to a cumulative deterioration in the work. The remedy would appear to be more attention to needlework in the teachers' training colleges, followed by careful supervision of the work of the young teachers by skilled practitioners after they have left the training colleges, at least until the present vicious circle has been broken.

E.—s.

3. DETAILED TABLES RELATING TO MANUAL AND TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. SECTION A.—FULL-TIME PUPILS. Table J1. —Technical High Schools and Technical Day Schools: Average Attendance, Roll Numbers, and Number of Government Free-place Holders and Pupils living away from Home.

Table J2.—Classification of Full-time Pupils on the Roll of Technical High Schools and Technical Day Schools at 30th June, 1929, according to Year of Attendance.

Table J3. —Classification of Full-time Pupils at Technical High Schools and Technical Day Schools on 30th June, 1929, according to Courses of Instruction.

13

• g . £ 9 a Number of Roll Numbers. gj & £ -g Number of Free Pupils Pupils living S ® ® ft . on Roll at 30th June, away from m *&r| 1929. Home to 8 «-< £ ° i 3 c& attend School. • © bD P-I W o os o rt a fl r—i oa£] ® S <*>.3 fcr-i •jj"* o d fj . 1 OS OS • I d W 5} fcn -C2 C3 o n SchOOl. rH rH OS g "C OS 3 j® g> 05 5 O .Cj 2 4 i 3 1 I I Z* ! I **1 5 * P 2 r-i o JE> ' <H O O + 3 © 53 iE* u~t i H -r 1 ® i © O ci d d ' J2 tH O j 3 "£ i >d 92 be © 2 & 'S i H a: S : S{ S H . . SS .3 "w O f 3 'S 1 'S "S -2 S >s O ft —5 'do 2 2 S |3 t If I's |88 I I ! |M g ft is ft t? t« EH ffl M Auckland Technical School .. 1,077 1,018 763 1,087 898 458 629 610 937 75 1,012 .. 44 Elam School of Art .. .. 76 84 73 89 55 22 67 , 35 37 22 59 .. 5 Hamilton Technical School .. 413 371 290 422 326 187 235 j 227 303 59 362 .. 32 Pukekohe Technical School .. 251 230 197 259 204 142 117 110 175 43 218 .. 12 New Plymouth Technical School* .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Hawera Technical School .. 300 273 234 306 239 193 113 | 102 85 180 265 3' .. Stratford Technical School .. 301 277 235 304 250 175 129 | 129 123 152 275 15 4 Wanganui Technical School .. 600 561 497 629 515 362 267 ! 237 399 142 541 68 12 Feilding Technical School .. 195 178 162 195 168 106 89 1 76 126 42 168 34 6 Palmerston North Technical 308 292 244 315 235 119 196 ; 174 258 28 286 1 2 School Napier Technical School .. 290 299 251 300 225 135 165 155 241 40 281 5 Masterton Technical School .. 139 127 84 143 107 58 85 81 108 17 125 .. 3 Wellington Technical School .. 807 744 600 855 668 360 495 456 661 73 734 .. 10 Nelson Technical School .. 64 53 43 71 45 16 55 46 41 10 51 3 Westport Technical School .. 119 103 84 125 94 73 52 46 69 31 100 .. 4 Greymouth Technical School .. 282 274 245 295 247 155 140 128 207 58 265 21 2 Christchurch Technical School 1,039 955 778 1,064 866 536 528 510 816 131 947 43 12 Canterbury College School of Art 171 165 148 173 134 89 84 71 114 22 136 .. 15 Ashburton Technical School .. 229 212 i 179 241 180 91 150 142 188 22 210 8 Timaru Technical School .. 180 158 I 132 186 140 73 113 103 136 16 152 4 Dunedin Technical School .. 645 665 ! 468 668 529 296 372 364 551 95 646 .. 26 Invercargill Technical School .. 528 497 407 539 466 266 273 270 423 68 491 .. 35 Totals .. .. 8,014 7,536 i 6,114 8,266 6,591 3,912 4,354 4,072 5,998 1,326 7,324 185 244 * Included in secondary-school returns.

First Year. Second Year. Third Year. Fourth Year. Fifth Year. Sixth Year. Totals. _ Grand | Total. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 2,182 Jl ,800 1,262 1,051 478 381 159 122 48 j 42 7 j 4 4,136 3,400 7,536

Industrial. Agricultural. Domestic. Commercial. General. Art. Totals. I Grand ' Total. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. . j | 71 j j 2,097 .. 408 .. .. 1.070 821 1,828 704 237 106 265 j 4,136 3,400 7,536

E.—s

Table J4.—Classification of Full-time Pupils at Technical High Schools and Technical Day Schools, according to Ages, at 30th June, 1929.

Table J5. —Number of Pupils who commenced their Post-primary Education at Technical High Schools and Technical Day Schools in 1929, according to Age at Date of Admission.

SECTION B.—PART-TIME PUPILS. Table J7. —Classification of Part-time Students on the Roll of Technical Schools or Classes at 30th June, 1929, according to Occupations.

Table J8. —Classification of Part-time Students on the Roll of Technical Schools or Classes, according to Ages, at 30th June, 1929.

Table J9. —Free Part-time Pupils on the Roll of Technical Schools or Classes at 30th June, 1929, classified according to Year of Attendance.

14

Under thir- Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Seventeen Eighteen Years' T , , teen Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. and over. j J-Otais. ■ Grand i Total. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 193 220 914 j 843 1,377 1,081 1,060 778 j 406 303 132 107 54 68 4,136 3,400 7,536 j j | 1 j

I " [' Under Thirteen Years. Thirteen Years. Fourteen Years. Fifteen Years and over. Totals. S Grand Total. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. j Girls. Boys. j Girls. j Boys. j Girls. | 283 ' 292 ' 926 823 789 552 j 246 j 161 2,244 j 1,828 | 4,072 Table J 6. —Destination of Full-time Pupils who left the Technical High Schools or Technical Day Schools during ok at the End of 1929. <d b i . Clerical. _ B° a b L_ 32 M r-H O • £3 S Cl Egg S a,8 1 . .g j § .SS lap . $ a %S "S-o a 8 & .§ § 3 o f H ?5S" •« Is SI t I ih e ! % § ! I a o •§ ||l I if h as I | tgi ll 1 £ w ® | H I 111 I 1| II r e I * ua cq e> > JS o & CQ Bovs .. 99 9 12 87 17 3 182 207 528 282 391 75 85 j 243 2,220 Q7 _ Girls ..119 3 27 30 2 3 323 124 223 1 701 49 i 150 1,755 f a ' Jln ' I I I

gal s,S | A\ 4 St lei" 1*1 5Jl< s i. §■§ . o *S .5 : © * a HB - »;£ Otj «3 t!ti . ot-3 CD -3. « w •Pi 1 11! I il I P II 11 II lir Iff ill! 1 I! I C| i2 ® 7? n 0 PM ,fl *C ScP-i OJ QCU ® S OS P 03 f-< PJ I ®5 o o O s 3 Jj®£ hSHS| J | £§ 885 j 302 826 762 246 .131 160 625 2,303 jl ,259 j 194 1,165 648 52 1,225 404 11,187

Under Thirteen Fourteen Fifteen Sixteen Eighteen Nineteen Twenty m i , Grand — Thirteen. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. one? TotaL Males.. 51 105 516 991 ! 1,351 1,201 919 616 417 333 607 7,107 ie _ Females l 56 140 437 638 716 606 360 225 151 129 622 4,080 r u ' ls/ I i I J I 1

Junior. Senior. Totals. First Year. Second Year. First Year. Second Year. Third Year and over. Grand Total. Males, j Female.-, j Males. Females. Males. Females. Males, j Females. Males, j Females. Males. Females. 828 j 501 708 329 j 962 487 707 j 385 451 269 3,656 1,971 5,627

E.—s.

SECTION C.—ALL PUPILS— FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME. Table J10.—Table showing Combined Roll Numbers at Day and Evening Classes at 30th June, 1929.

15

Full-time Pupils. Part-time Pupils. Totals. Controlling Body. Schools and Classes. j Totals. I Males. Females. Totals. Males. j Females. Totals. Males. Females. J I . I | [_ Technical School Board .. j Auckland Technical School .. .. .. .. 549 469 1,018 919 288 1,207 1,468 757 2,225 Elam School of Art .. .. .. .. .. 25 59 84 110 128 238 135 187 322 Hamilton Technical School .. .. .. .. 192 179 371 165 124 289 357 303 660 Pukekohe Technical School .. .. .. .. 127 103 230 .. .. .. 127 103 230 Hawera Technical School .. .. . . . . 143 130 273 37 9 j 46 180 139 319 Stratford Technical School .. .. . . .. 152 125 277 27 ! 12 39 179 137 316 Wanganui Technical School .. .. .. .. 392 169 561 190 134 324 582 303 885 Feilding Technical School .. .. . . .. 98 80 178 42 78 120 140 158 298 : Napier Technical School .. .. .. .. 182 117 299 132 101 j 233 314 218 532 I Wellington Technical School .. .. .. .. 478 266 744 1,266 446 | 1,712 1,744 712 2,456 Petone Technical School .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 196 96 292 196 96 292 Nelson Technical School .. .. .. .. 31 22 53 200 244 444 231 266 497 Westport Technical School .. .. .. .. 51 52 103 20 49 69 71 101 172 Greymouth Technical School .. .. .. . . 154 120 274 j 79 57 136 233 177 410 Christchurch Technical School .. .. .. .. 578 377 955 1,206 450 1,656 1,784 827 2,611 Ashburton Technical School .. .. . . .. 92 120 212 j 60 93 153 152 213 365 Timaru Technical School .. .. .. . . 89 69 158 209 106 315 298 175 473 Kaiapoi Technical School .. .. .. . . .. .. .. 29 12 41 29 12 41 Temuka Technical School .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 9 23 14 9 23 Dunedin Technical School .. .. .. .. 338 327 665 853 324 1,177 1,191 651 1,842 Invercargill Technical School .. .. .. . . 272 225 497 256 142 j 398 528 367 895 High School Board .. .. Whangarei Technical School .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 15 15 j 30 15 15 30 New Plymouth Technical School .. . . .. .. .. .. 172 132 304 172 132 304 Palmerston North Technical School .. . . . . 98 194 292 281 309 590 379 503 882 Dannevirke Technical School .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 .. 5 5 .. 5 Blenheim Technical School .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 .. 12 12 . . 12 Oamaru Technical School .. .. .. .. .. .. .. i 75 i 78 153 75 78 153 Gore Technical School .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. 12 45 57 12 45 57 University College Board .. Canterbury College School of Art .. .. .. 23 142 165 170 241 411 193 383 576 Secondary Education Board .. Masterton Technical School .. .. .. .. 72 55 127 145 87 232 217 142 359 Education Board .. .. Auckland (Onehunga, Taumarunui, Thames, Waihi) .. .. .. .. 42 133 175 42 133 175 Hawke's Bay (Gisborne) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77 42 j 119 77 42 119 Wellington (Lower Hutt) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 73 50 123 73 50 123 Nelson (Motueka, Takaka) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 46 64 18 46 64 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 4,136 3,400 7,536 7,107 4,080 ! 11,187 11,243 7,480 18,723

E.—s,

16

SECTION C.—ALL PUPILS—FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME— continued. Table J11(a).—Receipts by Controlling Authorities for the Year ended 31st December, 1929.

Receipts from Government. Other Receipts. Salaries Fees. Name of School. fSttae! In^ d ™ tal Miscel - Y oSEm 7 ScMar " WOttar Hostel Total Other R^P t9 - A Build l g , V c — «£" Tuition. °S4' dent ±lent> tions. ment - Typing. Teachers). I i | I Under Technical School Boards — £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £|£ £ £ £ ££ £ £ Auckland .. .. .. 18,982 j 5,055 1,030 242 35 1 25,345 25 i 808 200 54 1,699 1,374 .. 4,160 29,505 Elam School of Art .. .. 1,919' 30 52 13 .. .. 2,014 .. j 607* 11 .. 24 .. .. 642 2,656 Pukekohe .-. .. .. 4,679 I 1,250 .. .. 13 .. 5,942 .. 90 62 .. 196 .. .. 348 6,290 Hamilton .. .. .. 7,669: 2,070 836 .. 38 123 10,736 38 315 25 20 311 .. .. 709 11,445 Hawera .. .. .. 4,397; 1,403 57 .. .. .. 5,857 .. 59 .. .. 142 .. .. 201 6,058 Stratford .. .. .. 4,302 ! 1,387 .. 24 .. 60 5,773 16 47 .. .. 106 .. 796 965 6,738 Wanganui .. .. .. 11,030 3,012 804 16 12 .. 14,874 56 446 168 .. 1,007 .. 4,109 5.786 20,660 Peilding .. .. .. 3,708 , 1,110 728 66 200 .. 5.812 251 110 .. .. 170 .. 2,469 3,000 8,812 Napier .. .. .. 4,570 j 1,182 301 9 .. .. 6,062 57 210 19 .. 744 .. .. 1,030 7,092 Waipawa (no recognized classes) Wellington .. .. .. 17,757 3,678 308 265 703 .. 22,711 353 1,909 350 110 2,240 .. .. 4,962 27,673 Petone .. .. .. 730 115 6 17 166 .. 1,034 96 132 .. .. 113 .. .. 341 1,375 Nelson .. .. .. 2,868 650 .. 8 .. 26 3,552 50 136 .. .. 274 .. .. 460 4,012 Westport .. .. .. 3.145 747 54 .. .. 158 4,104 30 76 4 .. 95 .. .. 205 4,309 Greymouth .. .. .. 4,378 1,364 116 .. .. .. 5,858 54 129 18 .. 523 .. 1,181 1,905 7,763 Christchurch .. .. 19,687 4,717 4,182 167 235 111 29,099 506 1,142 240 .. 3,084 .. 1.769 6,741 35 840 Ashburton .. .. .. 4,620 1,178 399 .. 44 .. 6,241 33 100 10 .. 219 .. .. 362 6.603 Timaru .. .. .. 4,194 990 553 45 .. 149 5,931 101 313 67 .. 273 .. .. 754 6,685 Kaiapoi .. .. .. 58 . . .. .. .. .. 58 32 35 .. .. 20 . . .. 87 145 Temuka .. .. .. 117 .. .. .. 30 .. 147 45 54 .. .. 19 .. .. 118 265 Waimate (no recognized classes) .. .. .. Dunedin .. .. .. 13,423 3,058 77 97 144 10 16,809 169 749 220 167 1,277 .. .. 2,582 19^391 Invercargill .. .. .. 9,472 2,501 190 46 110 .. 12,319 50 234 15 57 1,465 .. .. l'821 14J40 Under High School Boards — Whangarei .. .. .. 295 8 .. • • .. .. 303 .. 30 .. .. 9 .. . . 39 342 New Plymouth .. .. 4,793 j 300 145 396 .. .. 5,634 5 228 23 .. 125 161 .. 542 6,176 Palmerston North .. .. 7,521 1,464 1,020 15 177 .. 10,197 293 697 76 .. 345 .. j .. 1,411 ll'608 Dannevirke .. .. .. 68 .. .. .. 10 .. 78 10 18 .. . . 3 . . .. 31 109 Blenheim .. .. .. 87 , .. .. 10 .. 97 20 12 .. .. 14 .. .. 46 143 Oamaru .. .. .. 437 12 128 26 273 .. 876 53 82 .. .. 38 .. .. 173 1,049 Gore .. .. .. 65 .. .. .. .. .. 65 25 49 . . .. .. . . .. 74 139 Under University College Board — Canterbury College School of Art 4,344 541 .. .. .. .. 4,885 10 710 .. 2 731 .. .. 1,453 6,338 Under Secondary Education Board — Masterton .. .. .. 3,389 871 120 j 30 96 j .. 4,506 300 142 .. .. 241 .. .. 683 5,189 Under Education Boards — Auckland Small Centres .. 307 25 .. .. j 89 421 .. 107 . . .. 103 .. • • ! 210 631 Hawke's Bay Small Centres .. 336 .. 10 .. 65 .. 411 28 82 •• I •• 3 .. .. 113 524 Wellington Small Centres .. 302 60 .. .. .. • • 362 61 32 .. .. 7 .. ■ • I 100 462 Canterbury Small Centres .. 13 .. .. .. .. .. 13 .. 11 .. .. .. .. . ■ 11 24 Tntah.. .. .. 163,662 38,778 11,116f l,482t 2,361 . 727 218,126 2,767 9,901 1,508 410 15,620 1,535 10,324: 42,065 260,191 * Includes £280 from Elam Trust. t Does not include payments made to Public Works Department.

E.—s.

SECTION C.—ALL PUPILS—FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME— continued. Table J11(b).—Payments by Controlling Authorities for the Year ended 31st December, 1929.

3—E. 5

17

Working-expenses. Salaries and Sites i 1 j j nfl?i7tw 8 Buildings, Office Mainten- Other Transfers „ . . Total Name of School. \,, ' t f ; Tn "' Equip- , Expenses Matpr j a i ™ce of fia , ptiak!no Lighting, , Expendi- to other ° 8te ' Expendiand ment > and 0fflce 1 (iucluding "f Buildings, Heating, Miscel- Tntn]9 ture. Accounts. Payments. qtmW Eent - Salaries. ! Adver- „:f SS ! Grounds, r J™J and laneous. ! Totals ' ! tising and use ' j and , weaning. Water Teachers). j Printing). Equipment/ " j j j " I j i ! | ; | j J~j ! j ""t Under Technical School Boards — £ £ £ £ £ £ j £ ' | £ j £ £ £ £ £ j £ Auckland .. .. .. .. .. 19,496 4,467 686 393 1,946 479 j 567 447 429 4,947 1,156 480 ! 30,546 Elam School of Art .. .. .. .. 1,928 ' 43 156 90 140 I 26 | 141 55 I 8 j 616 .. I .. | .. 1 2,587 Pukekohe .. .. .. .. .. 4,624 120 98 162 271 243 ! 278 40 366 : 1,458 30 .. .. 6'232 Hamilton .. .. .. .. .. 7,740 1,499 103 113 433 j 118 j 256 i 114 154 : 1,291 77 .. .. 10'607 Hawera .. .. .. .. .. 4,452 | 200 82 126 131 j 39 294 j 74 204 ; 950 •• •• 5^602 Stratford .. .. .. .. .. 4,420 I 233 46 95 83 I 77 331 | 73 .. 705 280 .. 1,240 6 878 Wanganui .. .. .. .. .. 10,776 ! 1,814 372 221 516 | 333 379 j 145 160 , 2,126 948 : .. 3,840 19'o04 Feilding .. .. .. .. .. 3,787 1,266 79 135 201 1 372 328 115 155 j 1,385 175 | .. 2,150 8 763 Napier .. .. .. .. .. 4,638 j 725 293 161 255 | 65 194 126 86 1,180 390 .. .. 6,933 Waipawa (no recognized classes) .. .. • • • • • • • • .. ! .. .. .. I .. ! Wellington .. .. . .. .. 17,312 ! 4,629 883 416 1,213 j 553 789 623 525 i 5,002 1,078 I ..' !! 28*021 Petone .. .. .. .. .. 683 28 161 12 56 71 114 55 7 476 .. .. .. 1 187 Nelson .. .. .. .. .. 2,844 124 166 57 426 j 111 104 38 111 1,013 .. I .. .. 3'981 Westport .. .. .. .. .. 3,052 223 156 61 188 132 237 122 168 1,064 .. .. .. 4'339 Greymouth .. .. .. .. .. 4,744 787 191 114 130 I 95 197 : 84 524 1,335 281 .. 1,192 8 339 Christchurch .. .. .. .. .. 19,716 5,699 i 1,049 625 1,252 j 507 1,271 | 363 406 5,473 2,006 .. 2,410 35 304 Ashburton .. .. .. .. .. 4,506 457 150 108 283 151 | 231 ! 190 121 1,234 .. j .. .. 6'l97 Timaru .. .. .. .. .. 4,229 880 162 126 325 i 183 | 146 J 71 210 1,223 .. .. .. 6,332 Kaiapoi . .. .. 70 I 25 .. 25 j 9 I 9 9 77 .. j 147 Temuka .. .. .. .. .. 75 .. .. 42 { 2 22 38 6 110 .. 185 Waimate (no recognized classes) .. .. .. .. .. .. • ■ • • • • • • • • • • • • Dunedin .. .. .. .. 13,115 2,599 702 306 904 j 314 690 356 508 3,780 709 .. .! 20203 Invercargill .. .. .. .. 9,218 177 486 215 804 170 627 194 383 2,879 1,031 .. .. 13,305 Under High School Boards — Whangarei .. .. .. .. .. 124 20 25 .. 24 .. 29 .. .. 78 .. 18 .. 240 New Plymouth .. .. .. .. 4,674 217 63 64 319 476 198 137 43 1,300 .. .. .. 6 191 Palmerston North .. .. .. .. 7,483 1,245 334 211 577 167 303 183 191 1,966 180 .. .. 10,874 Dannevirke .. .. .. .. .. 68 .. .. . . 16 .. .. 3 7 26 .. .. 94 Blenheim .. .. .. .. .. 107 .. .. j 15 j 26 15 .. 58 .. .. .. 163 Oamaru .. .. .. .. .. 464 273 45 52 51 35 26 33 5 247 .. i 984 Gore .. .. .. .. .. 88 .. 40 .. .. I • : 7 .. 47 .. .. .. 135 Under University College Board — Canterbury College School of Art .. .. 4,409 649 .350 66 146 119 273 219 148 1,321 1 .. .. 6 380 Under Secondary Education Board — Masterton .. .. .. .. .. 3,283 571 75 51 310 ! 43 99 153 78 809 ...... 4,663 Under Education Boards — Auckland Small Centres . . .. .. 453 ; .. .. .. 23 .. .. .. 16 39 .. .... 492 Hawke's Bay Small Centres . . .. .. 308 10 36 5 33 9 .. 9 .. 92 .. .... 410 Wellington Small Centres .. . . .. 327 j 50 1 24 j 20 20 I 75 46 4 i 239 .. | . j .. 566 Canterbury Small Centres .. .. .. 14 5 3 1 i .. i I .. .. • • i 4 • • ! I • • 23 Totals .. .. .. 163,227 28,960 7,067 4,052 | 11,116 j 4,910 j 8,234 4,137 5,032 44,548 8,342 498 10,832 256,407

Jlj.—s.

SECTION D.—MANUAL INSTRUCTION. Table J12.—Statement of Receipts and Payments by Education Boards for the Year ended 31st December, 1929, in respect of Classes for Manual Instruction and Elementary Handwork.

18

Receipts. Receipts from Government. 1 Other Receipts. Education Board. galarie8 Conveyance Capitation Bl Su^ dies Total To , ga]eg Payment, by Total Eecdpts. ( pS?«SeT' a °M$T Incidental ; HaSwork ller,t > a " (i Voluntary °™» 1 Contributions. Material. SiSM Receipts Part time). and Pupils. Allowances. supplies ! Equipment. Contributions. Kecel P ts - Material. , Receipts. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ I ' .£ £ £ Auckland .. .. .. 15,097 2,014 9,438 392 2,697 .. 29,638 .. 232 534 5 771 30,409 Taranaki .. .. .. 3,493 1,537 1,662 110 326 .. 7,128 .. 14 178 124 316 7,444 Wanganui .. .. .. 2,954 1,059 1,518 124 10 .. 5,665 .. 45 174 35 254 5,919 Hawke's Bav .. .. .. 3,689 809 2,321 109 69 .. 6,997 .. | .. 257 88 345 7,342 Wellington .. .. .. 6,174 995 3,261 227 1,896 .. 12,553 .. 2 607 46 655 13,208 Nelson .. .. .. 909 410 846 64 113 .. 2,342 : 65 .. 65 2,407 Canterbury .. .. .. 8,158 1,822 3,631 200 481 45 14,337 .. 16 385 73 474 14,811 Otago .. .. .. 4,683 945 2,499 250 I 561 .. i 8,938 32 I 23 246 51 352 9,290 Southland .. .. .. 2,619 575 1,442 62 2,419 1] 7,128 4 5 169 8 186 7,314 i i ■ _j | ! Totals .. .. 47,776 10,166 26,618 1,538 8,572 i 56 ! 94,726 36 : 337 2,615 430 3,418 98,144 I : i i Payments. Salaries. Working-expenses. ' • Buildings Conveyance : Total Education Board. Manual-trainina Elementary Equipment, °lnd1^!rtk rS office other cla3s Material n nT p tf , kiT ,„ ! T °t al Expenditure. Teachers Needlework and Rent. andlupils. Office , offlce and other a nd '?4 Miscellaneous. Workingleacners. Teachers. Salanes. , Expenses . Incidentals. and Cleaning. expenses. ' • J || __ | I £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ Auckland .. .. .. .15,301 1,545 4,442 2,102 1,151 372 7,072 975 163 9,733 33,123 Taranaki. .. .. .. 3,551 252 464 2,009 192 51 875 128 .. 1,246 7,522 Wanganui .. .. .. 2,983 86 449 1,257 235 66 861 64 4 1,230 6,005 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. 3,770 247 860 853 315 50 1,322 .. .. 1,687 7,417 Wellington .. .. .. 6,135 226 1,894 845 500 132 3,581 .. .. 4,213 13,313 Nelson .. .. .. 908 270 130 420 100 40 333 18 .. 491 2,219 Canterbury .. .. .. 8,059 351 1,517 2,123 507 203 2,284 362 .. 3,356 15,406 Otago .. .. .. 4,644 382 1,373 439 350 100 2,571 126 50 3,197 10,035 Southland .. .. .. 2,659 333 2,679 509 300 .. 909 78 14 1,301 7,481 Totals .. .. 48,010 3,692 13,808 10,557 3,650 1,014 19,808 1,751 231 26,454 102,521 ! i

E—s,

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SECTION D.—MANUAL INSTRUCTION— continued. Table J13.—Some Particulars relating to Pupils attending Special Manual-training Centres during the Year ended 31st December, 1929.

Number of Pupils attending from , — — Total Number of Pupils Total Number of Classes Of „. av , , Secondary Departments of Forms I, II, and III of <s,.,nnT« in Attendance. in Weekly Attendance. Education District. Manual- Primary Schools. District High Schools. Junior High Schools. Secondary Schools. Pnvate Schools training Centres. > Wood- Metal- Domestic Wood- Metal- Domestic Wood- Metal- Domestic Wood- Metal- Domestic Wood- s Metal- Domestic Wood- Metal- Domestic Wood- Metal- Domestic work. work. Subjects, work. work. Subjects. work. work. Subjects. ; work. work. Subjects. work. work. Subjects, work. work. Subjects, work. work. Subjects. Auckland .. 32 4,842 66 4,580 461 .. 398 838 264 862 97 30 294 471 34 301 6,709 394 6,635 399 33 424 Taranaki .. 9 1,092 .. 1,010 44 50 278 138 20 144 .. 141 1,558 138 1,221 73 7 55 Wancanui .. 11 1,127 .. 1,021 89 115 .. .. .. 42 43 .. 87 131 1,345 43 1,267 78 2 75 Hawke'sBay .. 8 1,051 .. 983 58 62 .. .. .. 149 20 102 138 .. 142 1,396 20 1,289 74 3 65 Wellington .. 16 2,368 .. 2,276 133 .. 141 183 130 335 196 107 328 121 .. 122 3,001 237 3,202 104 11 120 Nelson .. .. 8 565 28 598 88 71 .... .. 46 .. 52 59 751 28 728 54 2 56 Canterbury .. 24 3,410 .. 3,285 231 264 39 498 563 4,178 .. 4,112 149 .. 181 Otago .. .. 17 1,802 .. 1,646 143 .. 252 171 171 133 51 58 178 55 .. 114 2,222 229 2,323 99 11 Southland .. 6 1,046 ... 1,109 64 58 .. .. .. .. .. .. 97 93 1,207 .. 1,260 80 80 Totals for 1929 131* 17,303 94 16,508 1,311 .. 1,411 1,192 565 1,330 898 396 922 1,663 34 1,866 22,367 1,089 22,037 1,110 69 1,173 Totals for 1928 119 17,015 82 I 15,860 1,125 13 1,226 1,243 618 1,542 807 429 813 1,453 31 2,008 21,643 1,173 21,449 969 49 1,052 I ! ! I i ! * The actual increase in the number of centres is only seven, the remaining five relating to technical schools giving instruction to pupils from private schools. The total number of primary schools receiving instruction in elementary agriculture and elementary science in each district was as follows, the figures for the previous year being shown in brackets : Auckland, 483 (471); Taranaki, 162 (168); Wanganui, 189 (190); Hawke's Bay, 168 (166); Wellington, 204 (217) ; Nelson, 120 (116); Canterbury, 395 (298); Otago, 208 (211); Southland, 147 (142): total, 2,076 (1,979). The total number of pupils involved was 53,759 (48,622).

E.—s

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SECTION E.—GENERAL SUMMARY. Table J 14.—Some Particulars relating to Manual and Technical Instruction. Technical Instruction. 1. Number of technical high schools and technical day schools offering 1927. 1928. 1929. full-time courses (excluding New Plymouth) ...... 21 21 21 2. Number of pupils on roll of technical high schools and technical day schools at 30th June .. .. .. .. .. 6,720 7,214 7,536 3. Number of free pupils on roll of technical high schools and technical day schools at 30th June .. .. .. .. .. 6,455 6,9P2 7,324 4. Number of centres at which other technical classes were held (evening and part-time day) .. .. .. 41 38 37 5. Number of students attending evening or part-time day classes at 30th June .. .. .. .. .. .. 12,408* 10,963 11,187 6. Number of free pupils attending evening or part-time day classes at 30th June .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,699* 5,286 5,627 7. Number of full-time teachers, exclusive of principals, on staffs at 30th June .. .. .. .. .. 295 305 327 8. Approximate amounts payable by Government for — (a) Salaries and allowances (including part-time and overtime and manual-training teachers on staffs £ £ £ of technical schools) .. .. .. 146,200 154,000 163,000 (6) Incidental allowances .. .. .. .. 43,150 44,800 47,600 189,350 198,800 210,600 Less recoveries from tuition fees .. .. 10,200 £ 9,900 £ 10,300 £ 179,150 188,900 —200,300 9. Total expenditure by Government for financial year .. .. 219,343 225,060 254,487 Including— (a) Consolidated Fund — (i) Vote, Education .. .. ..187,192 198,803 219,284 (ii) Kdueation Act, 1914—Subsidies on voluntary contributions.. .. .. 2,091 2,976 2,610 (6) Education Loans Account .. .. .. 30,060 23,281 32,593 Manual Instruction. 10. Number of primary manual-training centres .. .. .. 119 119 131 11. Number of full-time teachers on staffs controlled by Education Boards at 30th June .. .. .. .. 141 143 154 12. Approximate amounts payable by Government for—(a) Salaries and allowances (including part-time and overtime, and excluding manual - training teachers on staffs of £ £ £ technical schools) .. .. .. .. .. 42,400 44,500 46,500 (6) Incidental allowances .. .. .. .. .. 9,750 10,200 10,850 (c) Capitation for agriculture, science, and elementary needlework classes .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,500 15,200 16,300 (d) Handwork supplies .. ... .. .. .. 10,380 10,400 13,000 13. Total expenditure by Government for financial year on account of— (a) Salaries, incidentals, capitation, and handwork material .. 80,798 87,086 90,951 (b) Education Loans Account .. .. .. .. 3,068 5,266 14,710 * Total enrolments for 1927.

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