EDUCATION: PRIMARY EDUCATION. [In continuation of E.—2, 1927.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1928 Session I, E-02

E.—2

1928. NE VV ZEALAN D

EDUCATION: PRIMARY EDUCATION. [In continuation of E. —2, 1927.]

Presented, to both, Houses of the General Assembly by Command, of His Excellency.

CONTENTS. Detailed TABLES relating to Primary Education. I'age Table. I'age Appendices. AI. Number of Public Schools according to Grade .. 2 Appendix A 81. Attendance at Public Schools .. ..2 Report of Chief Inspector of Primary Schools .. 1!) 82. Average Attendance of various Grades of School 3 Cl. Age and Sex of Pupils on Rolls of Public Schools 4 Appendix B— G2. Number of Pupils in various Standards at Public ' Re of Edu(;ation Bo]U . ds Schools .. . • • • .. .) i al l l C 3. Average Age of Pupils at Public Schools .. 6 Auckland .. .. . . .. 2b C 4. Proficiency Examination Results .. .. 6 taranaki .. .. .. .. .. 27 C 5. Number of Children who left Public Schools in Wanganni .. .. .. .. 28 1926 .. .. .. .. . . 7 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. 30 C sa. Number of Children who left Public Schools in Wellington .. . . .. .. 32 1927 .. .. .. -■ •• " I Nelson .. .. .. .. ..33 C 8. Destination of Children who left Public Schools Canterbury 34 in 1927 .. .. • • .. 8 Ot'i<*o 36 Dl. Registered Private Primary Schools—Number " a. of Schools, Pupils, and Teachers .. .. 9 1 Southland 38 El. Number of Teachers in Public Schools .. 9 E2. Classification of Teachers in Public Schools .. 10 Balance-sheets of Education Boards— E 3. Class of Certificate held by Teachers in Public Auckland .. 40 Schools .. .. •• ■ • 10 Taranaki 41 E 4. Amount of Salaries received by Teachers in • • ' Public Schools .. .. .. -.11 I Wangam,. .. 42 E 5. Grade of Salary received by Teachers in Public Hawkcsßay .. .. .. ..43 Schools .. .. -■ .. 12 I Wellington .. .. .. ..44 Fl. Receipts and Bank Balances of Education Nelson .. .. .. .. .. 45 Boards.. . . . . • ■ .. 13 Canterbury .. .. .. 46 V 2. Payments and Bank Balances of Education Otago .. . . .. .. 47 Boards.. .. .. •• ..'lB Southland .. .. .. ..48 F 3. Payments of Education Boards on account oi Administration and of Incidental Expenses of Schools I* Appendix C— F4. Office Staffs of Education Boards .. ..15 Training.CollegesReports of Principals of Training Colleges— Detailed Taj.lesrelating to. Training Colleges. . Auckland .. .. ..49 Table. Wellington .. .. .. .. 50 Pl. Number of Students in Training Colleges .. 16 Christcliureh .. .. .. ..51 P 2. Initial Status on their Admission of Students Dunedin 52 who left in 1927.. .. .. ..16 P3, Examination Status of Students who left in 1.927 17 P 4. Highest Status on Admission of Students who Appendix U - entered Training Colleges in 1927 .. ..Is Report of Supervisor of Musioal Eduoation .. 54

I—E. 2.

E.—2.

DETAILED TABLES RELATING TO PRIMARY EDUCATION.

The following tables relate to primary education for the year 1927. Table A1. —Number of Public Schools, December, 1927, classified according to Grade.

Table B2. —Attendance at Public Schools in 1927.

2

Grade of School and Average Attendance. 0 1-8 1 9-20 II 21-35 (A 36 50 III-( B 51-80 [0 81-120 f'A 121-160 IV-j B 161-200 I C 201-240 f A 241-280 V-i B 281-320 C 321-360 f"A 361-400 Vl< li 401-440 I C 441-480 ("A 481-520 B 521-560 C 561-600 D 601-640 E 641-680 VT1 J P 681-720 VL1 ] G 721-760 H 761-800 I 801-840 .1 841-880 K 881-920 L 921-960 ■o § a 79 235 139 113 72 41 II 7 5 8 li 7 6 II 9 4 6 4 4 7 ~ 00 cs a 2 I 10 ! 19 54 60 35 36 25 28 22 ! 25 12 9 4 8 2 i 4 2 | 2 1 4 ' i i 2 2 4 I '2 . 1 a § ■8 ! I S 3 B 5 36 29 60 76 27 51 11 16 23 18 II 14 7 7 3 5 4 7 1 5 5 3 2 3 I 2 4 I 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 5 a o CO r5 26 53 21 13 10 8 4 M CD H, a ee O 14 115 97 39 49 18 8 6 9 4 4 3 4 2 3 1 4 2 4 2 2 o 25 79 58 30 19 14 6 I 2 1 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 1 1 a cd 3 o cc 9 53 52 24 27 8 4 2 4 I I 1 2 2 1 lis *rlH O OQ 247 785 515 299 265 135 59 32 37 25 22 2'' 26 25 16 12 19 15 14 16 3 5 4 1 I IV 1 1 2 V11 2 ' 1 II '2 i 1 1 2 2 i I 1 I Totals for 1927 143 393 259 191 191 2,601 777 174 209 199 256 Totals for 1926 768 172 210 196 202 142 399 256 196 2,601 Difference! + 9 + 2 I -1 +3 -6 + 1 -6 + 3 -5 \___ Notm. —Part-time schools am the separate grades determined b; main sc the sepi ihools with side 1 arate average ati schools al ;endance ttached of each are coun school. ;ed sepal ■ately, ai nd are ii loluded in

(Excluding Secondary Department ts of Disti •iot ■iff 1001 Is.) Koll Numbers. \ ** .verage We r Quarters >ekly Koll I, 1927. Averag Wholi Average l [e Attendai e Year (Me Attendanci Quarters). .uce for ean of e of Four Kducatiou District Pupils Pupils at at 81st De- 31st De- Boys, eember, comber, 192(i 1927. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total. Average Attendance as Percentage of Average Weekly Roll, 1027. I i i I Auckland. . Taranaki Wanganui Hawke's Bay Wellington Nelson Canterbury Otago Southland Totals. 1927 .. 65,888 67,621 34,643 .. 11,674 ! 11,719 5,932 .. 17,220 17,266 8,884 16,492 16,567 8,505 .. ] 27,452 28,042 14,133 7,118 7,023 3,656 .. 37,384 37,890 18,954 .. 21,177 21,370 10,775 .. 12,402 12,447 6,307 219,945 11.1,789 31,471 5,551 8,047 7,646 13.102 3,260 17,816 9.924 5,636 66,114 11,483 16,931 16,151 27,235 6.916 36,770 20,699 11,943 30,724 j 5,248 7.883 7,520 12,628 3,310 17,094 9,899 5,765 j 27,724 4,875 7,043 6,712 11,598 2,928 16,001 9,050 5,088 58,448 10,123 14,926 14,232 24,226 6,238 33,095 18,949 10,853 88-4 88-2 88-2 88-1 89-0 90-2 90-0 91-5 90-9 102,453 214,242 100,071 91,019 191,090 89-2 Totals, 1926 .. 216,807 .. 110,687 216,807 110,687 101,647 212,334 99,877 91,018 190.895 89-9 Difference i ' .. I .. 4-3,138 +1,102 I 4-3,138 I I.102 +806 + 1,908 + 194 + 1 + 195 -0-7

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Table B2.-Average Attendance for the Year 1927 at the Public Schools as grouped in Table A1, as estimated for determining the Grades of Schools.

Notes. The average attendance as given in Table B 2 differs from that in Table B 1, (or the following reasons : — (1) Under certain contingencies the regulations provide for the elimination of one or two quarters' averages in the case of any school or department if the grade of the school or department would be raised or maintained by calculating the yearly average attendance on the mean of the remaining quarter's average. The amended average attendance thus ascertained is reckoned for the sole purpose of determining the grade of the school, and consequently this amended average attendance is used in the compilation of Table B 2, which gives the schools according to their grades. For statistical purposes the average attendance as given in Table B 1 should be taken. (2) The totals of this table are for the mean of the three quarters of each school taken separately, not the mean of the gross quarterly totals of all schools. (3) New schools, many of which were open for only part of the year, are included as having an average attendance for the whole year; whereas in Table B 1 the averago attendance is included only for those quarters during which the schools were open.

(Including Secondary Departments of District High Schools.) I • £•» jj? Primary Department. £ 5 1 S a a . . . « g ,SC Grade. i i Totals SS S® Auok- Tara- Wanga- Hawke's Welling- „ , Canter- Qt South- ( §« -f* land, j naki. nui. Bay. | ton auson. bury. UI,1KW - land. p J™ & 3? f-e j [ ____ j ___L 0 SHg 0 1-8 477 07 106 208 202 129 112 ! 144 51 1,486 .. 1,486 1 9-20 3,402 779 754 786 1,038 731 1,665 1,132 1 735 11,022 .. 11,022 11 21-35 3,755 986 819 739 1,334 559 2,492 1,557 j 1.346 13,587 .. 13,587 (A 30-50 4,818 973 683 483 645 518 1,635 1,281 j 94"? 11,983 .. 11,983 11R B 51-80 4,459 1,392 1,481 1,443 1,131 600 2,989 1,189 1,567 16,251 85 16,336 C 81-120 3,887 1,111 827 1,068 1,311 762 1,783 1,334 792 12,875 134 13,009 [A 121 -100 1.493 589 1,133 930 807 535 1,070 806 534 7,897 121 8,018 IVS B 161-200 1,225 353 689 503 873 365 1,029 i 176 395 5,608 264 5,872 10 201-240 1,162 473 437 884 1,340 395 1,959 444 867 7,961 092 8,653 f A 241-280 2,010 258 1,008 246 1,320 .. 1,049 263 259 6,413 326 0,739 V-{ B 281-320 1,789 .. 004 .. 1,560 290 1,186 882 298 6,609 120 6,729 i 0 321-360 2,403 326 653 1,008 649 .. 1,050 1,359 .. 7,448 397 7,845 f A 361-400 2,305 779 1,429 1,047 408 780 1,503 1,135 382 9,768 460 10,234 VIB 401-440 4,664 408 .. 817 1,700 .. 843 1,217 801 10,450 164 10,614 ' C 441-480 4,096 .. 438 .. 448 .. 1,363 898 .. 7,243 183 7,426 fA 481-520 2,032 .. 498 1,008 1,007 .. 513 957 .. 6,015 03 0,078 B 521-560 3,185 .. 525 1,615 1,700 .. 2,177 1,112 .. 10,314 102 10,416 C 561-600 2,402 1,171 582 1,149 577 .. 1,108 1,735 .. 8,784 94 8,878 I) 001-040 2,457 .. 019 .. 014 649 2,431 627 1,226 8,623 246 8,869 E 041-080 4,543 .. 050 .. 3,278 .. 1,386 .. 685 10,542 .. 10,542 VIIF 681-72,0 1,432 097 .. 2,129 .. 2,129 G 721-700 1,384 700 736 .. 765 3,651 .. 3,651 H 761-800 1,539 .. 1,553 .. .. 3,092 .. 3,092 I 801-840 815 815 815 J 841-880 .. .. .. 807 .. .. .. .. .. 807 .. 807 | K 881-920 :"L 921-960 .. .. .. .. .. .. 911 .. .. 911 .. 911 Totals for Primary 58,763 10,421 14,671 14,741 24,246 6,313 33.299 18,945 10,885 192,284 3,457 195,741 Totals for Second- 1,112 80 188 241 285 229 844 331 147 3,457 ary 1 — Totals,Priruaryand 59,875 10,501 14,859 14,982 24,531 0,542 34,143 19,276 11,032 195,741 Secondary ' ' '

E.-2,

4

Table C1.—Age and Sex of the Pupils on the School Rolls in the several Education Districts at 30th June, 1927.

(Excluding Secondary Departments of District High Schools.) Education District. o and under 6 g and under 7. 7anduuder8. 8 and under 9. 9 anduuder 10. Wand underll. 11 andunderl-2. 12and under 13.13and under 14. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, i Girls, j Boys. Girls. - Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. - Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. ___ 1 i 14 and under 15. 15 and under 16. Over 16 Years. Totals of all Ages. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Total. Auckland .. .. 3,251 2,784 3,839 3,462 3,939 Taranaki .. .. 465 461 602 633 711 Wanganui .. 705 645 1,033 932 970 Hawke's Bay .. 732 593 932 829 995 Wellington .. 1,264 1,203 1,673' 1,547 1,669 3,578 674 891 3,590 3,237| 655 601 987 860 3,568 637 957| 3.378 3,918 3,607 647 653 678 923 984 994 3,632 680 1,059 3.495 3,4521 3,386 2,799 2,434 611 640 583 532 420 923 937 855 759 677 1,383 25i. 33b 988 170 229 404 63 102 244J 33 54 66 9 10 30 33,841 30,623 64,464 1 5,899 5,512 11,411 4 8,836 7,987, 16,823 899 890 826 875 881i 941 865 921 900 949 829 711 638 1,464 1,424' 1,360 1,085 924 369 365 364 319 262 2,029 2,126 2,046 1.595 1.417 1,148 1,144 1,032 897 808 668 723 1 600 564 471 361 484 132 235 324 115 121 102 34 67 13 17! 8,441 7,579 16,020 1,628 1,514 1,411 1,537 1,544 1,671 1,596 1,572 63 10 12 14,005 13,076 27,081 Nelson .. . . 309 286 432 349 429 Canterbury .. j 1,587 1,557 2,120 1,935 2,132 Otago .. ..I 949 936 1.256 1.147 1,237 Southland .. j 647 559 689| 664 727 Totals for 1927 .. j 9,909 9,024 12,576'11 ,498 12,809 399 2,089; 1,154! 390 359 2,016 1,857' 1,095 1,088 373 1,998 1,185 632 341 434 369 1.908 2,166 2,151 1,085 1,237 1.182 400 2.120 1,242 715 368 554 234 179 76 16 86 35 10 20 9 3 3,627 3,232 6,859 13 18,774! 17,642 36,416 1 10,695 9,850 20,545 640| 697 600 655 740 666 702 191 131 47 18 8 2 6,3671 5,674 12,041 12,809 ! 1 11,952 11,834 10.839 11,762 11,362 12,744 12.108 12,328•7 10-7 10-9 U-7 1] 11,607 11,76011,055 9,261 8,051 4,219' 2,980 1,128' 616 155 83110,485101,175 211,660 Percentage of pupils 9-0 11-4 11 of each age 9-0 11-4 11 10-9 U-7 11-3 10-8 8-2 3-4 0-8 0-1 100 I Note. — In previous years the above information has been shown as at the end of the year. Commencing with the year 1927 the information will be shown as at 30th June.

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E.—2.

Table C2.—Standard Classes of Pupils on School Rolls in the several Education Districts at 30th June, 1927.

(Excluding Secondary Departments of District High Schools.) Pupils at End of Year in Standard Pupils in Preparatory I Classes. i. ii. ni. - i _ __ Boys, j Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total. ' Boys. Girls. Total. Bovs. Girls. Total. Totals IV. V. VI. VII. | I Boys. | Girls. Total, j Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. '. Girls. Total.. Boys. Girls. Total, i Boys. Girls. Totals. E dnotion District. II. III. IV. VII. Total. Auckland .. jl0,511i 8,79919,310 4,012 3,715 7,727j 4,169 3,780 7,949 Taranaki .. j 1,696 1,591 3,287 713 635 1,348 659 682' 1,341 4,286 4,088, 8,374 4,210 795 794 1,589 735 1,172 1,050 2,222 1,084 1,101 1,063 2,164 1,098 1,702 1,697 3,399 1.669 470 476 946 491 2,429 2.348 4,777 2,325 4,037 ' 8,247 I I 3,587 3,359 6,946 3,009 2,775; 5,784 H 70 127 33,841 30,623| 50 5,899 5,512 26 8,836; 7,987 64,464 676 i 1,411 702 604 1,306 573 506 1,079 26 24 11,411 Wanganui .. 2,639 2,342 4,981 983 781 1,764 1,052 993 2,045 Hawke's Bay .. 2,444! 2,033 4,477" 972 879 1,851 922! 922! 1,844 Wellington .. 4,446 3,985 8,431 1,547 1,478J 3,025 1,663 1,576 3,239 1,045 1,026 i 1 2,129 I i 2,124! 1,019 958 1,977 874 805 1,679 ( 1,002 884 1,886 742: 1,625! 1,563 1,436 2,999 1,403 1,244 2,647 13 19 12 13 30 30 49] 8,441 7,579 16,823 16,020 1,630 i 3,299 42 14,005 13,076 27,081 : Nelson .. .. 1,035; 832 l,867 ; 423 358 781 398. 345 743" Canterbury .. 5,277 4,7141 9,99l' 2,209 2,101 4,310 2,304 2,047 4.351 1 0ta g° -• •• 2,860 2,620 5,480 1,292 1,1971 2,489 1,271 1,182 2,453' Southland .. 1,778 1,550| 3,328 758 609 1,367 758 663 1,421 Totals for 1927 J32,68628, 46661, 152 12,909 11,753 24,66213,196:12,190 25,386] Percentage of pupils ; 28-9 11-6 12-0 in each standard i 434 925 444 409 853 353 361: 714 13 17 30 3,627! 3,232 6,859 2,350 4,675 2,325 2,225 4,550 1,882 1,831 3,713 1,290 1,213 2,503 1,137 987 2,124 23 4 26 7 49' 18,774 : 17,642 36,416 1,470 1,322 2,792 1,371 798 809 1,607 826 1,322; ! 2,693! 11 10,695 9,850 20,545 711 1,537] 757 700 1,457 682 629; 1,311 __*__ 3 13| 6,367 5,674 12,041 1,753 24,66213,196 12,190 25,386; 14,223:13,647; 27,870 13,809| 13,231 27,040 : 12,689,11,788 24,477 10,7969,880 20,676 177 220! 397 110,485101,175 11-5 9-8 0-2 100 211,660 11-6 12-0 13-2 12-8 11-5 9-8 Note. — In previous years the above information has been shown as at the end of the year. Commencing with the year 1927 the information will be shown as at 30th June.

E.- 2

Table C3.—Average Age of Pupils as at 30th June, 1927.

Table C4.-Proficiency Certificate Examination Results, 1927, in Public and Private Schools.

6

Education District. Average Ages of the Pupils in each Class. Average Age for all Classes. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Hawke's Bay Wellington Nelson Canterbury Otago Southland p. Yrs. mos. 6 8 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 i I 81. 82. S3. 84. 86. 86. Yrs. mos. ! Yrs. mos. Yrs. mos. Yrs. mos. Yrs. mos. Yrs. mos. 8 5 9 7 10 8 11 8 12 8 13 7 8 5 9 7 10 7 11 8 12 6 13 6 8 5 9 5 10 7 11 7 12 7 13 7 8 4 ! 9 5 10 7 11 7 .12 7 18 7 8 7 ! 9 5 10 6 I 11 6 12 7 13 8 8 3 9 0 10 5 , 11 6 12 5 13 4 8 3 9 4 10 7 i II 7 | 12 7 13 7 8 19 4 10 4 1.1 5 12 6 13 5 8 2 ; 9 3 10 5 11 6 j 1.2 5 13 3 8 4 | 9 6 10 7 11 7 | 12 7 13 5 0 6 10 7 0 4 0 3 0 3 0 5 Yrs. mos. 9 8 9 9 9 8 9 9 9 6 9 4 9 9 9 7 9 5 All districts Range (difference between highest and lowest) 6 8 0 3 9 8 0 5 Note.—In previous years the above ii ihe year 1927 the information will be show nformatio 'u as at 3i m has been shown as at the end of the year. Commeni Oth June. oing with

Number of S6 Pupils presented. Proficiency Certificates. Competency Certificates. Endorsed Competency Certificates (included in previous column). l'Mueation District. — Number. j Percentage. Number. Percentage. Number. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Hawke's Bay Wellington Nelson Canterbury Otago Southland Public Schools. 6,231 1,037 1 ,595 1,622 2,746 701 3,629 2,234 1,256 5,324 85-4 930 89-7 1,307 81-9 1,366 84-2 2,104 76-6 580 82-7 2,744 75-6 1,753 78-5 954 76-0 532 77 195 185 402 97 566 163 190 .8-5 7-4 12-2 11-4 14-6 13-8 15-6 7-3 15-1 127 2 25 53 162 23 126 6 24 Totals 21,051 ! 17,062 81-1 2,407 11-4 548 Private Schools. 71-9 83-3 77-5 82-4 82-2 80-2 64-6 78-8 76-6 105 | 17-3 13 8-3 27 16-0 27 10-3 60 1.1.-4 17 .15-3 117 21-5 23 7-3 19 15-3 22 Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Hawke's Bay Wellington Nelson Canterbury Otago Southland 606 156 169 261 528 111 545 316 124 436 130 131 215 434 89 352 249 95 8 25 1 7 I Totals 75-7 408 14-5 64 2,816 2,131 Note.—Total number of pur. the number presented ; total num of the number presented. lils of public si ber of pupils of shoots who passed Standai private schools who passed d VI, was 19,469, or 92-5 Standard VI, was 2,539, or ! per cent, of 10-2 per cent.

7

E.—2

Table C5.-Number of Children who left the Primary Schools in 1926.

Table C5a. —Age and Attainment of Pupils who definitely left Primary Schools during or at End of Year 1927.

Table C5a.—Age and Attainment of Pupils who definitely left Primary Schools during or at End of Year 1927— continued.

-1 j d I ■4 3 i I 1 i "oi 1 a 1 « ! i 1 111 _ ° 1 I I'll S S 3 ■«! H te < r* <? I 1 . Those who passed Standard VI :— | Boys .. .. .. j 2,385 463 614 Girls .. .. ..2,281 454 591 2,385 2,281 463 454 614 591 669 569 1,138 292 I ,028 260 1,451 804 515 8 1,393 ! 746 ! 453 7 8,331 7,775 8,33 7,771 Total .. .. 4,666 917 1,205 1.666 917 1,205 1,238 I 2,166 ' 562 2,844 ! 1,550 968 16 16,106* 6,I0( ,I. Those who did not pass Standard VI but reached the age of 14 I _J l_ years :— Boys .. .. . . 1,055 149 252 Girls .. .. . . ! 919 94 204 252 204 353 84 304 j 59 412 253 151 2 420 ! 236 ! 98 2 2,873 2,491 2,871 2,49 I ,055 919 149 94 164 157 Total ,. .. 1,974 243 456 1,974 243 456 321 657 143 321 832 I 489 ] 249 5 5,364t 5,36rotals of I and 11 :— Hoys .. .. .. 3,440 612 866 Girls .. .. .. 3,200 548 795 3,440 3,200 612 548 866 795 833 726 | 833 1,491 376 726 | 1,332 319 1,863 ! 1,057 666 11 1,81.3 j 98'2 j 551 j III 3,676 ] 2,039 '1,217 ! 21 11.2(14 10,266 1,20-! 0,261 I .471 Grand totals .. .. ; 6,640 1,160 1,661 ; 1,559 ' 2,823 696 '21,470 * 65 per cent, of the largest age-group (vide Table (! I, If vide Table 0 1, 1927 report). 127 report). f 22 pi ier cent, of the largest age. ge-group i-groi

In Standard VI. Age. Gained Proficiency j Ga & e * ! Gamed Competency Had not Passed Standard V. Certificate. cS_SSe? Certificate. Standard VI. Boys. Girls, i Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Cirls. 15 years and over 14 13 12 11 Under 11 years Totals .. i 1,104 738 85 54 211 115 348 , 246 262 165 .. ! 2,659 ' 2,302 111 98 235 226 531 514 603 ''■ 592 .. 3,214 ! 3,159 39 63 94 143 87 96 70 76 .. 1,306 1.276 6 7 22 12 22 '22 25 34 ..175 155 .. .. .. .. 1 2 6 13 16 3 1 i .. j .. j 8,474 7,633 241 222 562 496 990 881 ~966~ ~~881~ Totals 8.474 7,633 241

in Standard IV. [n Standard III. In Standard II or Totals. Age _ lioys. Girls. Boys. Girls. hoys. I (iirls. Hoys. Girls. Total. 15 years and over .. .. 73 49 18 12 8 8 2,109 1 385 I 3 494 14 „ .. .. 281 190 95 58 32 18 4,547 3,998 ' 8*546 13 ., -- ... 41 33 16 17 6,6 3,567 I 3,593 7,160 12 „ .. .. 10 7 5 3 2 ! II 1,398 1,372 2 770 II „ •• •• 10 9 6 9 4 i 1(1 202 j 198 400 Under 11 years . . .. 2 5 6 7 44 42 69 ' 59 128 Totals .. .. 417 293 ! 146 | 106 j 96 93 11,892 jlioTooe 22,497 NOTHS : (1) In previous reports the latest information regarding pupils leaving school which the Department has published has been that in respect to the last year but one preceding the year of publication. Commencing with the present report the information will be published in the form shown above in respect to the year preceding the year of publication. (2) From the above table it is evident that of the pupils who definitely left school 78-4 per cent, had passe.I Standard VI. This is equal to approximately 71 per oent. of the largest age-group given in Table C 1.

E.—2.

Table C6.—Destination of Children who definitely left Primary Schools during or at end of 1927.

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I Auckland. Taranaki. Wanganui. Hawke's Ba\-. ! Wellington. ; 1 : iDestination. Passed Standard VI. I ' i Not passed Passed Not passed Passed Standard VI. Standard VI. i Standard VI. Standard VI. Not passed Passed Not passed Standard VI. Standard \ I. ; Standard VI. | I Passed Standard VI. Not passed Standard VI. _ '.. Boys. ! Girls. ! Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls, j Boys. ; Girls. Boys. ! i ' r Girls. ! Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. ! Girls. , Boys. Girls. Boys. , Girls. Post-primary Commercial occupations — (a) Clerical (including typing) (6) Shop and warehouse assistants .. Trades — (a) Engineering .. (b) Building .. (c) Other Agricultural and pastoral Other occupations Home Not known .-■■ .. 1,524 1,381 ; 26 16 314 ..51 43 i 18 10 3 .. 89 76 I 23 34 19 .. I 53 I .. 16 .. 10 .. : 50 .. 15 .. 8 .. ! 96 27 46 14 9 .. ! 388 52 378 , 45 . 129 .. 145 85 114 80 10 .. 179 747 111 482 25 .. 52 37 79 59 2 241 2 j 1 .. 6 8 ! 1 1 1 3 14 102 11 10 154 26 5 11 6 5 4 5 98 7 449 21 21 8 17 28 111 42 39 25 460 16 9 ! 2 ' 9 10 ! 6 -2 5 5 101 15 20 164 23 16 15 14 2 5 2 9 141 15 509 6 19 14 10 15 124 39 19 16 413 6 13 10 11 179 9 9 | 10 3 5 6 54 35 26 10 8 5 3 22 80 10 826 j 708 21 ! 8 46 ! 24 13 ' 1 33 47 17 80 2 47 ! *29 30 i 217 33 18 24 2 22 6 15 14 84 23 57 21 9 2 26 1 5 4 37 153 11 ; ■ Total number of children leaving .. J2.627 .2,448 ' 826 I 740 529 II I i 433 164 125 761 680 199 188 771 642 158 128 1,176 1,024 ! 268 | . 248 Nelson. Canterbury. ;o. Southland. Totals. Passed Not passed Passed Standard VI. ! Standard VI. Standard VI. Not passed Standard VI. Passed Standard YI. Not passed j Passed Standard VI. ; Standard VI. N ot passed Passed Standard VI. Standard VI. Not passed Standard VI. Destination. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. ' Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls, j Boys. Girls. ' Boys. Girls. Post-primary Commercial occupations — (a) Clerical (including typing) (b) Shop and warehouse assistants .. Trades — (a) Engineering .. (6) Building ' .. (c) Other Agricultural and pastoral . . Other occupations Home Not known 201 1 9 4 3 47 14 23 4 202 2 2 1 6 5 82 3 1 3 2 1 50 25 13 2 3 1,152 1,054 13 4 75 27 12 19 41 15 6 i 160 13 6 ! 69 46 40 I 77 346 1 ! 47 12 26 34 5 12 47 139 82 66 45 36 \ 5 12 1 10 7 I 74 215 44 j 545 439 | 7 ! 7 26 23 8 : .. 11 33 7 141 11 38 33 68 276 16 6 12 5 11 8 5 31 106 38 39 27 7 1 10 6 2 33 187 10 337 i ! 19 4 2 6 104 18 48 10 250 1 8 12 20 207 4 5 1 7 1 | - 2 2 84 15 36 12 i ! I .. 5,857 !5,148 120 ! 99 124 81 28 20 1 ! 323 ! 188 126 ] 98 126 1 49 1 150 I .. 58 1 1 278 j 71 155 ! 36 6 1.284 | 125 1,098 ! 79 10 422 ! 255 362 ! 276 87 508 12,372 397 1,483 4 | 205 I 110 222 161 i Total number of children leaving 306 303 | 97 56 jl,665 1,517 1 456 404 ; 893 802 [ 282 ! 256 549 502 165 109 9.277 8,361 |_,615 2,254

9

E—2,

Table D1. —Registered Private Primary Schools .—Number of Schools, Pupils, and Teachers at the end of 1927.

Table E1.—School Staff, December, 1927 (exclusive of Secondary Departments of District High Schools).

2—E. 2.

District. G fl O fl.2 2 rt O fl fl<» P I Number of Schools. CJ • o • |SS rSgg Pi _|-s SI'S £ss "en flea 45 10 65 12 2 15 17 8 31 14 7 32 33 12 51 6 1 9 47 10 64 20 3 26 11 .. 12 Boll Number. If* Total Roll B . a . § . cci -n .fl °i A r " •p ?8 61 N !■§ B'S Oco J~GG ,300 co to ■S jS o o .a a t3 u M o 01 01 a a U. g a M 01 i i fli o g o fl o o fl flcfi P M. F. Number of Teachers. 111 PI oUco "I* SIB Is! M. F. M. ;' F. Auckland .. Taranaki .. Wanganui .. Hawke's Bay Wellington.. Nelson Canterbury Otago Southland .. I 10 1 0 11 6 2 7 3 1 529 5,831 774 3,445 3,689 21 1,156 79 606 650 243 1,685 271 982 1,217 275 1,708 272 1,048 1,207 349 3,862 723 2,352 2,582 50 677 5 328 404 288 4,447 911 2,628 3,018 124 1,824 195 1,009 1,134 50 1,009 .. 469 590 i 7,134 6,062-60 i 1,256 1.114-60 2,199 1,980-80 2,255 2,002-34 4,934 4,346-13 732 688-40 5,646 4,948-24 2,143 1,895-30 1,059 92.1-75 11 29 .. 1 5 14 5 20 .. 24 .. 3 6 20 .. 8 .. 3 II 5 5 13157 .. 38 2 55 5 39 1.1 107 .. 20 16 125 4 63 4 34 13 2 5 11 15 22 .. 4 4 13 9 7 4 33 .. 1 12 24 3 9 6 16 4 4 3 Totals .. 47 205 53 305 1,929 22,199 3,230 12,867 14,491 27,358 23,960-16 27 27 122 55 638 55 47 47 113

Education District. *4 CD O si o Sole Teachers. M. F. Heads of Schools. Assistant Total Number of Teachers. Adult Teachers. M. F. M. F. Tot«l. 6 li as ■4= 01 01 4CD co cil . ™ QJ - a '—i gfl«Qo < *-.£>■§ rS'SB'gK a ox <£ -i-i 0 M a -o ©._, t* _rxo H 9 cd fl i: a o- 0 &a« QOfl+3 B"f I <! M. F. Auckland Caranaki Vanganui lawke's Bay .. Vellington kelson Janterbury )tago louthland 777 174 209 199 256 143 393 259 191 210 40 50 35 42 39 44 45 50 208 56 64 82 103 58 174 112 65 268 43 76 70 79 34 149 95 65 41 33 14 8 17 8 14 2 9 235 27 50 56 95 16 139 81 34 235 892 7131,141 1,854 27 165 110 254 364 50 247 176 325 501 56 233 161 323 484 95 415 216 535 751 16 98 89 164 253 139 514 332 702 1,034 81 274 221 388 609 34 157 149 231 380 1,854 364 501 484 751 253 1,034 609 380 188 31 46 41 68 20 90 51 32 62-5 43-3 54-2 49-8 40 4 54-3 47-3 57-0 64-5 68,763 10,421 14,671 14,741 24,246 6,313 33,299 18,945 10,885 31-7 28-6 29-3 30-5 32-3 25-0 32-2 31-1 28-6 Totals, 1927 Totals, 1926 2,601 2,601 555 535 922 931 879 889 146 141 733 681 733 2,995 2,167 4,063 6,230 6813,006 2,105 4,078 6,183 6,230 6,183 567 700 53-3 51-4 192,284 192,588 30-9 311 Difference +20; I -9 III +5 +52 1-52 -11 +62 -15 +47 -11 -15 +47 -133 + 1-9 -304 — -2

E.—2.

Table E2.—Classification of Teachers in Public Primary Schools at 31st December, 1927.

Table B3.—Details of Classification of Teachers in Public Primary Schools, December, 1927.

10

All Schools. Es, eluding Schoo Is of Grades C Education District. Unclassified Classified Holders of and Teachers. Licenses. Unlicensed Teachers. (1) __ (2) (8) Total. _____ Classified Teachers. Holders of Licenses. Unclassified and Unlicensed Teachers. Total. (») (6) (7) ___ Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Hawke's Bay Wellington Nelson Canterbury Otago Southland 1,692 17 145 334 3 27 468 3 30 431 2 51 699 3 49 203 1 49 968 1 65 577 2 30 358 3 19 17 3 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 145 27 30 51 49 49 65 30 19 1,854 364 501 484 751 253 1,034 609 380 1,85 36 50 48 75 25 1,03 60 38i 1,688 334 461 430 697 203 968 569 358 17 3 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 101 19 18 17 23 23 51 13 11 1,806 356 482 449 723 227 1,020 584 372 Totals .. 5,730 35 466* 35 465* 6,230 6,231 5,708 35 276* 6,019 * Included in These assistants 1 training are now concerned will be i these totals have complct serving a te granted trail ; are 108 probi ted a term of erm as proba ined teachers' lationary assi; f service as p Aionary assis' certificates. stents who ai irobationers i tants. Whei ■e not uncertil ind training-t a this term is icated teachi lollege studei i completed irs in the ordi its, and as p; nearly all th< inary sense, art of their 3 assistants

rrangei acoon ling to iex o eac ers am llass o lerti: cate eld.) Class A. Education District j M. P. JTota s.1. n Class B. M. P. Tots al. Class C. Class D. Class E. M. F. Total. Total. M. P. Total P. Total. M. F. Total. M. E. Total, i . M. F. Total, i i Auckland 13 3 1 Taranaki .. 1 .. Wanganui .. 3 .. 11 aw ke's Bay .. 2 Wellington .. 8 3 1 Nelson Canterbury .. 10 2 1 Otago .. 9 2 1 Southland .. 2 .. 13 1 3 2 8 3 3 16 1 3 2 11 16 1 1 3 2 11 12 I 11 2 123 16 35 32 73 16 108 61 30 123 61 li 16 14 ' 35 25 f 32 9 4 73 79 1{ 16 6 i 108 44 1{ 61 39 1( 30 15 4 61 14 25 9 79 li II 39 15 184 30 60 41 152 22 152 100 45 84 30 6(1 41 52 22 52 00 46 410 57 84 78 96 47 143 98 77 597 124 154 171 255 71 424 248 137 I 1,007 181 , 238 249 351 118 567 346 214 I 121 334 455 25 92 117 43 112 155 i 37 94 131 29 144 173 16 44. 60 52 171 223 41 79 120 37 57 94 3 27 30 I 4 5 1 11 12 1 7 8 2 10 12 .. 3 3 3 11 14 3 1 1 1 2 27 4 11 7 10 3 11 670 1,022 1,692 100 234 334 166 302 468 150 281 431 208 491 699 79 124 203 316 652 968 209 368 577 146 212 358 1(1 9 2 2 2 12 11 2 3 '.'. "s 3 3 Totals .. 48i 10 5 48; I 10 58 58 I 494 494 292 It 2! 12 786 86 1,090 ,21.81 401 1,127 1,528 11 I 111 76 87 I 76 2.044 j 3,680 5,730 3,271

E.—2.

11

Table E4.—Adult Teachers in Public Schools (excluding Secondary Departments of District High Schools) classified according to Salary, which for the Purpose of this Return includes House Allowance or an Equivalent Amount where a Residence is provided.- 1927.

Male Teachers. Female Teachers. Summary. Certificated and licensed. Uncertificated. Certificated and licensed. Uncertificated. Salary. __.u iiceiiaeu. Sole and Head Assistants.; Total. Teachers. Sole and Head Assistants. Teachers. Total Male Total. Teachers. Sole and Head Assistants. Total. Teachers. Total ~,„ . Female Sole and T „. h ._ Head Assistants. Total. reacners. Teachers. Certifi- : n ur catedand V ™f% m - licensed. cated ' Total. Not exceeding £140 .. £141-£160 .. £161-£180 .. £181-£200 .. £201-£225 .. .. 1 1 10 5 3 94 23 3 5 53 75 39 24 4 15 58 78 133 18 3 4 8 11 13 29 1 4 1 1 47 4 8 9 12 13 71 8 23 67 90 146 13 6 12 4 6 112 102 31 295 536 806 297 115 37 307 540 812 409 179 8 8 9 11 12 101 15 5 8 2 280 23 13 17 11 14 395 60 320 557 823 423 139 41 322 598 890 542 327 27 21 26 23 27 466 68 343 624 913 569 Totals not exceeding £250 114 198 312 57 36 93 405 153 2,067 2,220 227 131 358 2,578 2,532 451 2,983 £251-£275 .. £276-£300 .. £301-£325 .. £326-£350 .. £351-£375 .. £376-£400 .. £401-£425 .. £426-£450 .." £451-£475 .. £476-£500 .. £501-£525 .. £526-£550 .. £551-£575 .. £576-£600 .. £601-£625 .. £626-£650 .. £651-£675 .. £676-£700 .. £701-£725 .. £726-£750 .. £751-£775 .. 124 93 87 80 101 140 195 118 88 22 58 39 23 76 4 2 4 47 42 51 52 89 92 26 89 5 5 171 135 138 132 190 232 221 207 93 27 58 39 23 76 4 2 4 5 '• 1 6 2 1 171 141 140 133 190 232 221 207 93 27 58 39 23 76 4 2 4 1 187 161 72 79 94 61 26 3 .. •■ 151 182 169 161 119 7 5 3 •• 338 343 241 240 213 68 31 3 3 5 5 338 348 241 240 213 68 31 3 3 509 478 379 372 403 300 252 210 96 27 58 39 23 76 4 2 4 11 2 1 509 489 381 373 403 300 252 210 96 27 58 39 23 76 4 2 4 •■ •• " " .. .. ■• ■■ •• . . • •• " " .. '• .. •• .. •■ ■• •• .. '• .. •■ 1 1 •• 1 1 .. " Totals, £251-£775 .. 1,255 498 1,753 8 1 683 797 1,480 1,485 3,233 14 3,247 9 1,762 - Grand totals 1,369 696 2,065 65 37 102 2,167 836 2,864 3,700 232 131 363 4,063 5,765 465 6,230 I

E-2.

Table E5.—Adult Teachers in Public Schools (excluding Secondary Departments of District High Schools), classified according to Grade of Salary received at 31st December, 1927.

12

Mules. Grade of Salary. ales. Females. Totals. Uncertificated. Uncertificated. «£2 j Uncertificated. and'^eenle^'-'W-ted., Sole Teachers and Head Tec 0 (£15 per pupil in average attendance).. 2 20 1 (£170-£200) .. ' .. .. 254 23 II (£210-£270) .. .. .. 216 6 111a (£265-£295) .. .. . . 169 1 111b (£280-£310) .. .. .. 224 IIlc(£280-£325) .. .. .. 128 IV (£325-£355) .. . . .. 122 V (£360-£405) .. .. .. 59 VI (£405-£425) .. .. .. 58 VII (£435-£465) .. .. .. 104 Special* .. .. .. .. 6 Believing .. .. .. .. 27 15 Totals .. .. .. 1,369 65 and Head Teachers. 20 17 189 I 19 | 209 23 393 25 647 48 6 258 5 474 II 1 96 .. 265 1 35 .. 259 5 .. 133 2 .. .124 1 .. 60 58 104 6 15 29 13 56 28 65 836 232 2,205 297 :achers. 17 393 258 96 35 5 2 I 29 836 189 25 5 13 232 Assistants. sistants. 28 47 80 66 108 tistants. Probationary assistants (male £140, female 19 28 £135) 1 (men £160-£205, women £140-£175) .. 157 4 1 (with an additional £25 per annu_)f 2 (men £230-£280, women £205-£200) .. 353 2 (with an additional £30 per annum)J 3 (men £300-£330, women £285-£315) .. 133 4(£340-£385) .. .. .. .. 4 Special* .. .. .. .. 17 1 Relieving .. .. .. .. 13 4 28 47 80 4 1,722 21 1,879 25 118 .. 118 5(13 .. 856 176 .. 176 141 .. 274 3 .. 7 1 12 .. 29 1 4 142 30 155 34 4 1,722 118 503 176 141 3 12 142 21 1 4 3(1 Totals .. .. .. 696 37 696 37 2,864 131 3,560 168 37 2,864 131 i * Certain teachers in junior high schools f This grade of salary is paid to infant r % This grade of salary is paid to infant mi issistants in mixed schools of Grade VII. N.B. —In addition to the grade salary si imounts by way of grading increment, marr and norma iiistrcsses in istresses in n d schools. t schools of Grade II!Io. nixed schools of Grades Vb, Vc, and VIA, and to second female hown in the ■ied allow—1< 3 table the regulations provide for the payment of additional ce, house allowance, and remote allowance.

E.—2,

Table F2.—Payments and Bank Balances of the several Education Boards for the Year 1927.

Table F1.—Receipts and Bank Balances of the several Education Boards for the Year 1927.

13

I Receipts :om Government. Education Board. Teachers' and Relieving- ! Libraries Conveyance teachers' Salaries (Capitation : and Board and Grant). : of Pupds. Allowances. (2) (3) | ■ (4) Public School Buildings Manual Technical (including Instruction. Instruction. , Rebuilding}, Sites, Furniture, &c. Rent and Maintenance of School Buildings. Receipts from Total from Jf??L Government.] bouroes - Workshop Account. Total Receipts. Cash Balances, 1st January, 1927. Administration Grants. Incidental Expenses of Schools. Training of Teachers. Scholarships, Subsidies, and Miscellaneous. (1) (5) j (6) (10) (U) (Lt) (IS) (18. (7) (8) (9) (12) | (13) ! £ 33,328 7,398 10,618 7,778 16,145 5,248 22,879 14,693 7,612 £ 9,339 2.797 580 2,632 2,902 1,412 5,655 3,130 1,846 £ 788,441 139,283 198.398 183,101 ' 345,850 94,988 446,738 263.718 137,520 £ 20,939 7,076 5,697 4,396 16,234 3,178 12,151 5,353 5,427 £ 1,714 382 599 177 385 238 Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Hawke's Bay Wellington. .. Nelson Canterbury .. Otago Southland £ 10.590 2,425 3,497 3.245 4,724 1,836 6,300 4,049 2,484 £ 559,902 103,820 145.746 134,855 208.590 71.580 303.961 177,306 107,115 £ £ 685 10.574 117 1,866 249 1,441 207 4,844 304 2,975 96 1.744 450 12.062 236 4,942 298 2.911 £ £ 31,761 50,383 6.205 254 8,293 ., 7 569 131 11,610 43,439 4,103 14 17,229 36,873 10,050 31,262 6.581 ! 44 £ 25,360 5,439 5,962 7,315 9,688 2,227 12,407 7,243 4,553 £ 858 408 431 439 £ 55.661 8.962 21,604 14,094 45,034 6,728 28,720 10,688 4,076 £ 809,380 148,073 204,477 188,096 362.084 98,166 459,066 269.456 143,185 £ 11.539 5,668 3,066 2,588 10.874 5,340 6,339 4,309 7,158 202 119 Totals .. 39,150 1,812,875 j 2,642 43,359 103,401 162,400 80,194 ' 2,457 195,567 125,699 I 30,293 2,598,037 80,451 3,495 2,681.983 56,881 I

Staff Salaries, I g c h 00 i Education Board AKsfctamL Teachers' Libraries Conveyance Incidental 1 Training .» , T„„h„,n 0 i i Buildings a ' 1L L. - lv . , „ 9 ash Office ' Salaries and (Capitation and Board of Expenses of of T Manual Technical (including He- Maintenance Scholarships, Workshop lotai Q1 Balances Contingencies Allowances. Grants.) Pupils. Schools. Teachers. Instruction. Instruction. of School Refunds, and Account. Payments. 31st December. ' ; Furniture, &c. Buildings. sundries. 1H<!7. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ i £ £ £ Auckland .. 9,701 559,544 724 11,353 32,182 50.118 23,701 988 73,379 26,185 18,604 692 807,171 13.748 Taranaki .. 3,152 103,836 130 1,941 6.163 228 5.150 .. 9,925 4,496 5,408 7,322 147,751 5^990 Wanganui .. 3,705 145,807 457 1,875 8,355 13 5.617 464 20,767 11,698 1,236 3,797 203,791 3,752 Hawke's Bay .. 4,028 135,189 221 4,902 7,597 94 618 11,771 5,747 5,978 3,288 185,743 4,941 Wellington .. 5,734 208,917 278 2,952 12,481 43,618 8,598 467 50,028 22,745 8,362 .. 364,180 8,778 Nelson .. 2,675 71,485 102 1,836 4,049 47 1.822 34 10,110 5,775 1.988 .. 99,923 3.583 Canterbury .. 5,844 304,131 282 11,797 17,212 36,528 13,124 181 29,167 14,156 14,504 456,657 8w48 Otago .. 4,215 177,240 174 5,345 9,878 31,067 6,650 130 10,614 10,772 7,051 5,930 269,066 4,699 Southland .. 3,734 107,220 512 2,942 6,565 .. 3,945 47 5,809 6,454 4,797 4,645 146,670 3,673 Totals.. 42,788 1,813,369 2,880 44,943 104,482 161,713 74,917 2,929 221,570 108,028 63,155 40,178 2,680,952 57,912

E. 2

14

Table F3.—Payments of Education Boards on account of Administration and of Incidental Expenses of Schools, 1927.

Cost of Administration. Incidental Expenses of Schools. Education Board. Average Attendance. Per Unit of Total. Average Attendance. i Per Unit of Total. Average Attendance. £ s. 32,182 10-8 6,163 121 8,355 11-1 7,597 10-5 11,891 9-7 4,049 12-5 17,212 10-1 9,879 10-2 6,565 11-8 _j , Auckland .. I'aranaki Wanganui Hawke's Bay Wellington Nelson Canterbury Otago Southland 59,578 10,198 15,115 14,460 24,500 6,464 33,939 19,286 11,000 £ s. 9,701 3-3 3,152 6-2 3.705 4-9 4,028 5-6 5.734 4-7 2,675 8-3 5,844 3-4 4,215 4-4 3.735 6-8 Totals 194,540 42,789 4-4> 103,893 _j_ 10-7

E.—2.

Table F4.—Office Staffs of Education Boards, as at 31st December, 1927. Yearly Yearly Rate of Rate of Salary. Salary. Auckland. £ Wellington— continued. £ Secretary and Treasurer .. .. .. 800 Book-keepers, 2—l at £260, lat £210 .. 470 Assistant Secretary .. .. .. 575 Assistant Supplies Clerk .. .. .. 200 Accountant .. .. . . .. 600 Typists, 6—l at £220, 2at £170, lat £145, lat Chief Clerk .. .. .. .. 450 - £90, lat £80 .. .. .. .. 875 Clerks, 7—2 at £375, lat £335, lat £275, lat Clerk, Training College .. .. .. 136 £250, 1 at £210, 1 at £190 .. .. 2,010 Junior Clerk .. .. .. .. 95 Typists, 6—2 at £205, 1 at £190, I at £185, 2 at . £160 .. .. .. .. .. 1,105 Architect's Branch. Cadets, 3—l at £135, lat £95, lat £80* .. 310 Supervisor of Buildings .. .. .. 500 Cadet-typist .. .. . . .. 90 Draughtsmen, 2—l at £375, lat £190 .. 565 Office-boy.. .. .. .. .. 65 Clerks of Works, 2—l at £350, lat £180 .. 530 Attendance Officer .. .. .. . . 200 Typist .. .. .. .. .. 210 Architect's Branch. Total .. .. .. 5,655 Architect .. .. .. .. .. 750 Assistant Architect.. .. .. .. 450 Nelson. Draughtsman .. .. .. .. 300 Secretary .. .. .. .. .. 600 Foreman .. .. .. .. .. 400 Accountant .. .. .. .. 400 Clerk .. . . . . . . 335 Chief Clerk .. .. .. .. 310 Typist .. .. .. .. 185 Clerks, 2—l at £150, lat £105 .. .. 255 Cadet .. .. .. .. .. 135 Attendance Office and Storcman .. .. 180 Manual and Technical Branch. Architect's Branch. Advisory Inspector and Supervisor .. .. 750 Architect .. .. .. .. .. 450 Clerk .. . 210 Painters, 2—l at £299, lat £286 .. .. 585 Typists, 2—l at £205, lat £185 . . . . 390 T~ sv Total .. .. .. 2,780 Total .. .. ..10,110 „ Canterbury. Taranaki Secretary .. .. .. .. .. 660 Secretary 550 Assistant Secretary .. .. .. 460 tcounW eCreta, " y '' 380 Wat £290', lat £190, 1 at'fHO, lat Accountant .. .. .. .. .180 -_ n Clerk-typists, 3—l at £180, lat £165, lat £160 .. 495 - .; 1 , ,t f,. 1 „ ,, 1 .//on " " Ron Tvnist 80 Typists, 4 —3 at £190, lat £120 .. .. 690 Attendance' Officer (also employed as Carpenter) 162 Attendance Officers, 2-1 at £275, lat £100 .. 375 Architect's Branch. , ... . Architect's Branch. A -r. J, toot fiiVl Architect.. .. .. .. .. 600 Aron-oeo. .. .. .. .. .. ouu Draughtsmen, 2—l at £320, lat £235 .. 555 w r y^ raU ir a " " '• •«. Foremen, 4-3 at £450,1 at £325 .. .. 1,675 Workshop Koreman 364 c!lfir_, 3—l at £182, 2»t £95 .. 372 Outside Foremen —2 at £312 .. .. 624 ... . , l „ ' „.„ Workshop b oreman .. .. .. 350 •• gpTt :: :: :: :: :: 58 Wanganui. Manual and Technical Branch. Secretary. 665 Manual and Technical Clerk .. .. 275 Assistant Secretary .. .. .. 410 Accountant .. .. .. .. 360 Total 7 587 Assistant Accountant .. .. .. 235 __ Clerk-typists, s—l at £215, 1 at £165, 1 at £145, Otago. lat £110, lat £52 687 s e crotary and Treasurer ' 560 Chief Clerk .. .. .. .. 405 Architect's Branch. Clerks, 6—l at £350, 1 at £250, 1 at £220, 1 at Architect.. .. .. .. .. 575 £150, lat £100, lat £75 .. .. .. 1,145 Architect's Assistant .. .. .. 275 Typists, 2—l at £165, lat £100 .. .. 265 Foreman Carpenter .. .. .. t364 Attendance Officer .. .. .. .. 350 Workshop Foreman .. .. .. 312 Foreman Painter .. .. .. .. {299 Architect's Branch. Architect .. .. .. .. .. 600 Total .. .. .. 4,182 Draughtsman .. .. .. .. 475 Clerks, 2—l at £380, lat £240 .. .. 620 Hawke's Bay. Workshop Foreman .. .. .. 340 Secretary and Treasurer .. .. .. 700 Assistant Secretary and Accountant .. .. 450 Total .. .. .. 4,760 Clerks, 4—l a,t £375, 1 at £320, 1 at £285, I at £150 .. .. .. .. ..1,130 Southland. Typists, 3—l at £220, lat £210, lat £145 .. 575 Secretary .. .. .. .. .. §700 Assistant Secretary .. .. .. 490 Architect's Branch. Accountant .. .. .. .. 440 Architect .. .. .. .. .. 700 Clerks, 2—l at £150, lat £75 .. .. 225 Architect's Clerk and Draughtsman .. .. 360 Typists, 3—2 at £115, lat £75 .. .. 305 Attendance Officer and Janitor .. .. 240 Total .. .. .. 3,915 Architect's Branch. Wellington. Architect .. .. .. .. .. 575 Secretary.. .. .. .-. .. 800 Assistant Architect.. .. .. .. 450 Assistant Secretary .. .. .. 550 Stores Clerk .. .. .. .. 313 Supplies Clerk and Attendance Officer .. 375 Staffs Officer .. .. .. .. 350 Total .. .. .. 3,738 * One plus £25 and one plus £35 boarding-allowance. t Plus ss. per day country allowance. $ Plus 4s. 4d. por day country allowance. § Includes £100 for services as Secretary of the Southland High School Board.

15

E.—2.

DETAILED TABLES RELATING TO TRAINING COLLEGES.

Table P1. —Number of Students in the Four Training Colleges in 1927.

Table P2.—Initial Status on their Admission to the Training Colleges of Students who left in 1927.

16

Training College. ("First year Auckland <j Second year .. I Third year . . | First year Wellington < Second year .. [ Third year . . ( First yoar Christclmrch <j Second year .. [ Third year . . [First year Dunedin < Second year .. [ Third year .. M. F. 60 137 55 119 4 3 28 82 ,' 31 88 9 ! 5 , 35 i 95 37 I 90 2 | .. 21 56 46 71 7 4 335 750 Division A. M. F. 14 18 2 6 5 1 2 , 1 4 | 10 1 .. 2 '2 I 3 3 I 2 35 j 41 Division li. Division C Division D Total3 under W'""!" 1 !;- invision u. Division D. Males , m(| FemaIe9i Totals. M. F. M. F. M. F. T 14 2 4 2081 631 1451 206 [.423 69 )>138 - 9j 6j 3.j 2 3 .. 4 119] 301 89] 130 37 y 77 93 f-187 5 15] 10 J 5 J 12 11 138] 391 991 .. i 141 !>282 41 y 83 100 1-199; J •• : 3/ 3j ..j 3 2 4 5 93) 28] 651 122 1-231 48 y 86 74 j>145 ■_ 16 J 10 J 6J 7 11 7 14 1,200 384 8161,5 F. Total. 145"! 137 1-285 423 3 J 89] 93 1-187 264 i 5 J 99 ] 100 l199 282 651 74 1.145 231 <U 8161,200 Totals ..

DETAILED TABLES RELATING TO TRAINING COLLEGES. Table PI. —Number of Students in the Pour Training Colleges in 1927. M. F. I" First year .. 60 137 Auckland <j Second year .. 55 119 I Third year .. 4 3 [ First year .. 28 82 Wellington < Seoond year .. 31 88 [ Third year . . 9 5 f First yoar .. 35 95 Christchurch <J Second yoar .. 37 90 ( Third year .. 2 [First year .. 21 56 Dunedin < Second year .. 46 71 [ Third year .. 7 4 Totals .. ..335 760 Training College. ("First year Auckland <j Second year .. I Third year . . (" First year Wellington < Second year .. [ Third year . . ( First yoar Christchurch ■{ Second yoar .. ( Third year . . | First year Dunedin < Second year .. [ Third year .. Division A. DivMonB. Division 0. Division D. *$£?*?£££« ling College. Totals. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. T [First year .. 60 137 .. .. 1 4 2 4 2081 631 W51 h> Second year .. 55 119 14 18 206 [>423 • [Third year .. 4 3 2 9 J 6J 3 J f First year .. 28 82 .. .. 2 3 .. 4 119) 301 891 J. Second year .. 31 88 6 5 130 >264 37 ~> 77 93 M87 ! [Third year .. 9 5 1 15 J 10 J 5 J f First yoar 35 95 2 1 I 2 1 1 1381 391 991 i <j Second year .. 37 90 4 j 10 .. 141 !> 282 41 J> 83 100V199: i [Third year . . 2 .. 1 .. .. I 3 J 3 J .. J (First year 21 56 .. , 2 3 2 4 5 93'] 281 651 ■I Second year .. 46 71 2 3 122 V231 48 )■ 86 74 J>145 : [Third year .. 7 4 3 2 .. 16 j 10 J 6 J 'otals .. .. 335 750 35 I 41 7 11 7 14 1,200 384 sin I.: Division A. M. F. 14 18 2 6 5 1 2 j 1 4 j 10 1 I .. .. ! 2 2 I 3 3 | 2 35 | 41 Division B. F. Total. 145"! 137 423 3 J 89] 93 i-187 264 5j 99 ] 100 V199J 282 65 1 74 231 8161,200 Totals .. Table P2. —Initial Status on their Adi DMISSION TO THE RAINI ra Coll: iges of Stud: :nts 'ho l: :ft in 1927. a e E "z a 4 .2 £ a BO O « 11°' « e3 . a « .9 o .2 SsS a qPH'S W ■S3 all HO S « 1) I I?! "S iS EH % -2. fig o * cQil^O ScoHr o 9 M « go a° a o ■-S B S 1 OS ■a! | S 11 h5 Is ggo o In a y,8 a _ * ■ Eh o H Auckland. Third-year students (Divisions A and B) Second-year students (Divisions A and B) First-year students (Divisions A and B) ,, (Division C) ,, (Division D) .. .. I . 4 70 6 4 70 6 2 83 I i 3 34 3 5 9 193 10 5 6 i i 5 6 Totals .. .. .. .. I . 223 81 81(a) "1 CO 10 Wellington. Third-year students (Divisions A and B) Second-year students (Divisions A and 15) First-year students (Divisions A and B) ,, (Division C) ,, (Division D) L_l i 3 31 3 32 9 60 3 32 15 124 i i 3 5 5 4 Totals .. 35 36(0) 72(d) 35 148 CllRISTOHUROH. Third-year students (Divisions A and B) Second-year students (Divisions A and B) First-year students (Divisions A and B) „ (Division C) .. .. , . ,, (Division D) i io 2 54 2 65 49 4 1 15 3 133 2 3 3 2 Totals 10 56 67(e) 51(f) :i l(i 141 Dunedin. 'Third-year students (Divisions A and B) Second-year students (Divisions A and B) First-year students (Divisions A and B) ,, (Division C) „ (Division D) 1 1 2 II 3 45 3 45 10 24 16 114 2 7 5 5 9 2 - Totals 48 50(,7) 55(A) 34 144 Grand totals 2 12 [ 220 234 269 18 5 j 125 5 line, (a) Including 55 students who passed matriculation. 64 ditto. (/) Including 40 ditto, (g) Including l( Ig 40 ditl Including 4! ditto. Ineludi (c)Ii 32 ditl [Chiding 19 ditto. (d) Including 46 ditto. « Including o.

E—2.

Table P3. —Examination Status of Training-college Students who left in 1927.

3—E. 2.

17

C01 ipleted a Examini Teachei ation Requirement :'s Certificate. ;s for Incnmplet Qualifloatlo Cei te Examinati ins for a Teai rtifioate. ion cher's Class B. Class C. Class D with Partial Class Success D. towards Class C. Credited witl some Subjects towards a Teacher's Certificate. i No Exami1 nation Status. $ . ■Si mi gm o E-l Class A. Total. Total. Auckland. Third-year students (Divisions A and B) .. Second-year students (.Divisions A and B) First-year students (Division A).. ,, (Division B).. ,, (Division C) „ (Division D) 8 1 27 146 1 1 146 J 3 7 2 ~2 9 186 .1.0 7 '7 9 193 10 4 4 5 1 1 i 1 5 6 2 3 2 Totals 40 149 149 23 2 2 214 223 Wellington. Third-year students (Divisions A and B) . . Second-year students (Divisions A and B) First-year students (Division A) „ (Division B) ,, (Division C) ,, (Division D) 14 1 24 81 1 81 "l(i 15 121 3 3 15 124 4 '.'. 1 4 5 4 5 4 Totals 42 82 82 21 145 3 3 148 Chbistobxteoh. Third-year students (Divisions A. and B) .. Second-year, students (Divisions A and B) First-year students (Division A) ,, (Division B) ,, (Division C) ,, (Division D) 2 1 24 75 1 75 34 3 133 3 133 3 '.'. 3 2 3 2 2 Totals 29 76 36 141 141 DUNEDIN. Third-year students (Divisions A and B) .. Second-year students (Divisions A and B) First-year students (Division A) „ (Division B) ,, (Division C) ,, (Division D) 12 4 21 72 20 16 113 1 i 16 114 4 I 4 8 1 I i i 5 9 7 Totals 37 76 27 1 141 3 3 144 Grand totals .. 148 383 107 3 641 15 15 656 ••

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Table P4. —Highest Status on Admission of all Students who entered Training Colleges in 1927.

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o c/j si o K i« J" » % . « p go Ilia cS"_ n ►< 3 fl «WIHr= H I 5 ii <D O TfiB Jawa o «j <x>Qp H ¥ i 1 tu -5 as O CO f Cl OB fl _ '2 b DO H as hH (- „.■ us n .2 "43 & £ o fl ■g r-1 o r. a . 13 C3 FJ Auckland — Division A Division B Division C Division D 2 6 83 55 "e 51 197 5 6 1 5 Totals 2 6 84 60 5 51 208 Wellington— Division A Division B Division C Division D 6 23 55 5 26 110 5 4 i 3 ■■• Totals 21 58 26 119 Christclmrch — Division A Division B Division C Division D 1 9 49 41 1 3 30 1 1 130 3 3 2 2 Totals 49 44 3 31 138 Dunedin— Division A Division B Division C Division D 2 20 15 1 "5 40 1 77 2 5 9 2 7 Totals 23 2 22 41 93 Grand totals 3 23 179 185 18 149 1 558

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APPENDIX A. REPOET OF THE CHIEF INSPECTOR OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS. Sir,— Wellington, N.Z., 9th. August, 1928. 1 have the honour to submit the following report for the year ended 31st December, 1927. Of the staff of Inspectors, Mr. W. A. Ballantyne, 8.A., of Taranaki, retired on superannuation, having completed over forty years' service, the vacancy thus caused being filled by the appointment of Mr. J. A. Henry, 8.A., Dip. Ed. Owing to ill health, Mr. J. T. G. Cox retired on superannuation from the Auckland staff, while Mr. R. B. Clarke, M.A., was appointed to a vacant position in Dunedin. The reports of the Senior Inspectors of Schools in the various districts show that the standard of education is, in general, well maintained throughout the Dominion. Indeed, as far as the examination for the certificate of proficiency is concerned, the percentage of passes was the highest yet reached — viz., 81 •1. The modern type of question has made the examination more searching in character, while at the same time it offers the pupil a fair chance of proving his claim. This year, also, the system of accrediting was more extensively used and appears to have worked quite successfully. The " adopted. " school scheme referred to in last year's report has now been put into operation in several districts, and the reports certainly indicate that the outlying schools are materially assisted by their " parent " schools. The Correspondence School conducted by the Department still meets the needs of the children in remote places in a satisfactory manner, and is much appreciated by the parents. The number of special classes established for backward children has now reached twenty, and proposals for additional ones are being made. By the courtesy of Professor Johnston, Principal of Vinelands Institution, New Jersey, U.S.A., two New Zealand teachers of special classes spent six months in training in the best-known school in America, and there they gained, much valuable experience. A New Zealand teacher of special classes is proceeding to England shortly on a year's exchange with an English teacher engaged in similar work, and her experience abroad should add greatly to our knowledge of the technique necessary in dealing with the children concerned. At the same time I do not think that we can at present form a true estimate of retardation in the Dominion. There are so many different causes assigned for retardation that it would seem necessary to fix in some way or other a standard by which it is to be judged. The inability of a child to perform the work of the class below that which is considered normal for its age depends very largely upon the soundness' of the classification of the teacher who makes it. This would seem to require that a uniform standard of achievement for each class be first set vp —a matter which requires a considerable amount of experiment and research. Of the subjects of the curriculum, arithmetic appears to be the one most fruitful of retardation, and this can hardly be justified when it is prescribed by the regulations that the classification of pupils shall be made on the basis of English and not arithmetic. The modification of the present programme in arithmetic and the increased appreciation of English contained in the new syllabus should lessen the retardation that may have arisen from this cause. In reference to the various subjects of the curriculum, the Inspectors report that a much wider field is now covered in reading. Very few schools have no library, and where formerly the pupils read one book it is safe to say that they now read twenty. Indeed, so much time is now devoted to silent reading that there is some danger of oral reading receiving too little attention. Reading aloud is a valuable art, giving pleasure as well as entertainment to the listeners, and should still find an important place in the day's work. Spelling appears still to exercise the attention of Inspectors, several of whom fail to find systematic teaching of the subject. Even though it may be said that spelling has no great educational value, it must be admitted that " Society looks upon ability to spell correctly as one mark at least of an educated person." " Amongst business and professional people, nothing so immediately discounts the chances of an applicant as the mispelling of words in common use. The school must take note of this feeling on the part of society in general and respect it." (" Programme of Studies," Alberta.) Suggestions for the treatment of spelling on modern lines have been recently circulated in the Education Gazelle. In regard to writing, there is a consensus of opinion that a boy or girl leaving the primary school should write a cursive hand, and that the use of print-script should be confined to the preparatory classes unless it is required for some special purpose, such as mapping. This view is in agreement with many English authorities, and appears to be adopted throughout America, whore efforts are concentrated in securing a speedy hand through cursive writing. As has been suggested above, there is still some drag in arithmetic, particularly in the lower and middle divisions. Tlie 4ests issued by the Department for use in the examination for certificates of proficiency did not appear to make too severe a demand upon the pupils, while they covered the syllabus to a much fuller extent and were far more practical and useful in character than the type of question set in former years. After all, the arithmetic of most value, both from its practical application and from its affording evidence of mental alertness in dealing with number, is not done up in paragraphs.

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In this connection it may be stated that in determining the requirements in arithmetic for the new syllabus the Department, through the Senior Inspectors, obtained from representative business men in each centre their opinions as to the kind of arithmetic that a boy should know. The replies, if not all of service for the special purpose, were interesting and helpful, and the spirit in which the response was given was much appreciated. The Inspectors do not consider that English composition has reached the standard of excellence that its importance demands, and it would appear that there is insufficient constructive effort and guidance on the part of the teachers. The writing of.ordinary letters apparently does not receive sufficient attention in some districts, and, as this frequently offers the only direct evidence of educational attainment, it is a matter that should engage the best efforts of all teachers. The revision of the syllabus has been the most important business of the year. Tho special committee, set up by the Minister of Education to deal with the matter, and representative of both lay and professional opinion, performed its difficult task with much care and enthusiasm, and the results of its deliberations should prove of value to the Department. A. full conference of Inspectors will be called during the summer recess to review the recommendations of the Syllabus Committee and to revise the primary-school syllabus. The Department has also to recognize the cordial assistance offered by tho New Zealand Educational Institute in connection with the same matter. Tho following extracts from the Inspectors' reports give further information upon their observations of the year's work in the schools : — Subjects of Instruction. —In many schools pupils are being led to take some responsibility for their own education, to learn by their own activities, and to adopt a true team spirit of work to that end. We believe that the more general introduction of these methods is partly due to recommendations or suggestions made during our visits of the preceding year, but we willingly acknowledge that much of it has arisen spontaneously among earnest teachers who are themselves assiduously following the trend of modern opinion, and. there is no doubt that much is due to the influence of the training college. It must not be thought, however, that the movement is confined to the younger teachers only. Many teachers of experience have shown that they are still capable of appreciating new ideas and of putting them into effective practice. Individual work is being given a larger place, and when this method is sanely applied we have found nothing but good results. There have not been wanting, however, instances where this kind of work has been conducted in a slipshod manner or carried to excess. We have, had on many occasions to deplore the absence of good oral class lessons, the stimulating effects of which cannot be denied, even when they aro delivered with full Herbartian formality. Particularly painful has it been sometimes to witness an oral lesson which consists in (lie pupils reading from the text-book " round the class " with a few comments from the teacher. We have found ourselves under tin; necessity of reporting on such " lessons "in fairly caustic terms. We hope in the future to be spared this necessity. — (Otago). English Comfosition. — Perhaps the most outstanding feature this year was the superiority in composition and letter-writing of many of the country schools over the town schools. The work of the latter, though structurally and grammatically correct, was too often lacking in spontaneity and naturalness. In many cases it was marred by an artificiality that bordered on jargon. It displayed a lack of imagination : the pupils so failed to describe what they had seen as to lead to the convict ion that they could not see. In place of a faithful and vivid record of observed facts, they gave too often a stereotyped recital of conditions which were as artificial as they were absurd. On reading such essays one feels that the pupils had been the victims of that over-zealous teaching which supplies thou with " model" essays. That letter-writing is an art that can become perfect only by much practice in the writing of letters to real people was amply proved by the undeniable superiority of the letterwriting of the boarding-schools over that of the day schools. Compared with the former, with their fullness of fact and warmth, of expression, the latter were arid and unemotiona,]. Here again the superiority lay unquestionably with the country child; probably the town dweller feels less the social necessity for the writing of letters. — (Hawke's Bay.) This subject was not tested in our survey, but tho information was elicited that composition is the most heartily disliked subject of the curriculum. Further investigations should be made to discover the reason. Perhaps the lack of incentive to write is one cause of the distaste for the subject. Teachers should do their best to provide a motive—for example, by encouraging actual correspondence with children in our own country or abroad. The pupils' essays are usually satisfactory. Letter-writing is generally good. We wish to stress the importance of teaching the proper forms of social and commercial letters. — (Taranaki.) In the teaching of English, oral expression by the pupils is being diligently fostered. The old lecture type of lesson in history and geography is being assessed at its proper value, and, by the aid of class libraries, the children are being trained in independent study of topics in these subjects. The habit of private reading, too, is steadily growing, and many of the teachers are to lie commended for their efforts in the establishment of class libraries.— (Canterbury). Reading. —In general, this subject is receiving good treatment. In. some cases silent reading is not properly supervised and tested ; it is often given to the pupils merely as an occupation and to some who cannot benefit by it. Many children are not trained to use their vocal powers sufficiently to make an expressive, clear, and distinct rendering of the passage" read. Care should be taken that this defect does not develop as the outcome of individual reading ; there is no reason that it should. Sufficient opportunity for reading aloud should be given to enable the children to cultivate clear and expressive utterance, and in this connection more attention should be given to accurate phrasing. Iv the upper-standard classes a portion of every reading lesson should be devoted to appreciation of the literary merit of the matter read. Teachers will find that time spent in this exercise will be reflected in an improvement in the quality of tho style in composition.— (Wanganui.)

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Recitation. —We found some improvement both in treatment of the matter and in the selection of the pieces to be studied, especially in the case of the younger teachers. The efficiency of the subject, however, is very variable on the whole. In the matter of appreciation we found, at one end of the scale, schools where every poem was torn into what may be termed " rags of comprehension," while at the other end there were schools where the pupils had little or no idea whatever of the general meaning of the lines they had tried to commit to memory. A middle course between these two extremes leads to deeper interest, easier and more complete memorization, and a natural and fluent delivery. There has been rather a tendency to leave too much of the material to the pupil's own choice. Where this has been done to excess, disaster has almost invariably followed. Guidance in selection should, always be given. This can be done by the provisions of suggestive lists for each class. Every class library should contain suitable anthologies of poetry for reference by the pupils — (Otago.) Speech Training. —With scarcely any exceptions, this subject now occupies a definite period of five minutes daily on all time-tables. We have asked that for each class or group of classes a detailed scheme should be prepared. These short periods are intended for the cultivation of purity of speech, and not for instruction in free oral expression or grammatical construction. — (Wanganui.) Regular attention is being paid to speech training in most schools, and instances of imperfect speakers are rare as far as consonantal forms are concerned. In these cases a study of the placement of the various organs of speech will usually suggest the necessary remedy. Faults of vowel sounds are harder to detect and more difficult to cure. A tendency is sometimes noticed to distort certain vowel sounds — e.g., " day " being pronounced as " die," " my " as " moy," " now " as " neow." In all these cases it is the first part of the diphthong that is wrongly sounded, and if the teacher carefully analyses these sounds and leads the pupil to pronounce the initial sound correctly the children can be led to distinguish the correct from the incorrect sound of the diphthong.— (Southland.) Spelling. —There is nothing definite in the treatment of spelling, the teaching appears to be in a confused condition, and the subject is by no means a strong one in our schools. Some teachers prepare lists based on the words met with in the year's schools operations ; others use ready-made lists which are compiled mainly with regard to graduated difficulty but which have little connection with the pupils' general studies ; and. others again cling affectionately to the ancestral "page to page of lessons read " system. Probably the most successful are those who not only blend the above methods, but also really and specifically teach spelling, making free use of devices which appeal to the eye and the ear. Outstanding weaknesses in the compilation of lists are (1) poor gradation (too difficult words being given to young children), (2) overlapping, (3) isolation of words from general work of the school. In a large number of schools the subject is an untaught one. Teachers consider that if children can be persuaded, to read widely they will spell creditably before they leave school. In the meantime their composition, their history, their geography papers, are marred by misspelt words. A few years ago spelling was made a fetish in our schools ; to-day the pendulum has swung too far the other way. Direct instruction in spelling is necessary. But the practice of oral spelling of lists of words apart from the written or printed symbol in their context is of doubtful value, inasmuch as, with nearly all children, the eye plays a more important part than the ear, in the process of learning to spell.— (Aucldand.) We consider this to be one of the least satisfactory subjects in our schools, and have urged upon teachers the desirability of effecting an improvement. The words given to the Proficiency candidates were all in common use, but the number of mistakes made was surprising. All teachers do not realize that the greater par,t of the lesson should be spent in teaching the correct spelling of words, and not in testing what the children have been set to learn without help. The importance of frequent revision of words commonly misspelled should not be overlooked. It seems to us that in many schools too much time is being spent by the children in writing out the spelling words in sentences. We doubt whether this method as usually practised really helps much in the learning of spelling. While finding much to commend in the various published spelling lists, we are of opinion that all teachers would be well advised to supplement these with words which their own children use and misspell. — (Wanganui.) Spelling is the only English subject with which we are not satisfied. It seems to be tested more than taught. There are too many errors in the ordinary written work, especially in the essays. Even where the subject is taught from lists the same fault is noted. We propose giving special attention to spelling this year. — (Nelson.) Satisfactory methods of taking the formal lessons in this subject are adopted in most schools, and the spelling of the words treated in such lessons is generally well known. We find, however, that in essays the spelling of common and familiar words is often, very bad indeed. The chief lines of improvement in the treatment of spelling appear to be —(1) More careful attention to pronunciation; (2) prevention of overlapping by the adoption of a progressive and. co-ordinated minimum spelling list for the whole school; (3) more careful supervision of the work; (4) keeping of individual lists of errors, the words being taken from all written exercises.— (Otago.) Writing. —It is pleasing to note a distinct improvement in the quality of the writing of many pupils, not only in formal exercises but also in the ordinary class-work. We have advised teachers to give some practice in more rapid, writing in Standard V and Standard VI. The use of print-script during the first year and a half- in the primer classes has been recommended ; after that we are of opinion that cursive writing should be taught, but we have done nothing to discourage the use of print-script throughout all the classes.— (Wanganui.) At the request of the Department we made some investigations of writing in the schools. The tests in quality and speed were conscientiously carried out. With regard to quality, the great variety in the standard of marking is partly explained by the fact that some teachers used the Gazette scale of writing as their basis of marking, even for Standard li. High marks were rarely awarded, by some

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teachers who appeared reluctant to give more than twenty out of twenty-five. In classes S2 to S6, where writing is on single lines, the investigation shows that there is a steady improvement as the child passes up the school. The speed tests show that our children cannot write nearly as fast as American children of the corresponding classes. Representative American norms on the Gettysburg scale are —-Standard I, 44- letters per minute ; Standard 11, 55 letters per minute ; Standard 111, 64 letters per minute; Standard IV, 71 letters per minute; Standard V, 76 letters per minute; Standard VT, 79 letters per minute. In Standard VI our median was 55 letters per minute.- {Wellington.) Arithmetic. —Arithmetic causes us little or no anxiety with regard to the measurable result achieved, though we have grave doubts as to the educational value of somo of the methods adopted. If tho aim of the subject is merely to enable the boys and girls to do the sums with which they (or a fow of them) may expect to be confronted in the practical affairs of adult life, the; work of the schools must be regarded as successful. If, however, arithmetic is to be regarded as a means of giving the mind something of that mode of training which is supposed to be the peculiar outcome of mathematical study, then we must confess that the end attained represents a very small achievement. If both aims are to be attained in the primary school, we believe that it would be wise to restrict the arithmetic of the upper standards to strictly utilitarian bounds, and to give the pupil some training in, say, elementary algebra.— (Otago.) The results of the Proficiency Examination indicate that in the past our pupils have been allowed to saunter through their arithmetic. Though the number of sums was doubled and the; time reduced 20 per cent., many pupils completed their work in faultless stylo in from forty to forty-five minutes. It is interesting to note that a symposium of local commercial men's opinions as to the essentials in arithmetic revealed that high among the qualities they demanded was neatness of setting forth.— (Hawke's Bay.) Geography. —The improvements in the indoor treatment of this subject have most frequently taken the form of the construction of posters, albums, and the like. The fresh interest and. the new orientation of the work consequent on the collection and arrangement of material are much to tho good, but we still fail to find in most cases evidence of regular outdoor work and a systematic study of local conditions, which lead to the broader understanding of tho subject. As noted in last year's report, the pupils as a whole do not yet show much ability in the discussion of topics arising out of the instruction, though signs are not wanting that there is some improvement in this respect.— (Otago.) History. —Forwa.rd movements in this subject are the study of local history (especially where the pupils find out the facts for themselves) and tin; more general adoption of pictorial time-charts and other visual aids. As in geography, pupils as a whole have not yet arrived at the point where they are able to give free, connected, and accurate accounts of what they have learned. In both geography and history the oral lesson appears to be in many schools a thing of the past. We have been at some pains to impress upon the teachers the instructional value of the well-prepared lesson, vividly and interestingly delivered, well, illustrated, carefully summarized, and fully discussed. We hope that our recommendations may bear fruit in the near future. — (Otago.) This subject is not a popular one with either teachers or pupils. In tho survey of last year a plebiscite of pupils' likes and dislikes indicated that history was the most disliked subject in Standard VI, and in no class was it a popular subject. We are of opinion that the teachers' programmes for the year have been in most cases too ambitious, and that the pupils themselves have too often been mere passive recipients. History is not a story only of kings, queens, and battles. There are victories in peace as well as in war, and much of the best of our Empire story is so closely interwoven with the story of great men and women as to suggest that biography should form a special feature of history teaching, hi one portion of the district local history has featured largely. In this respect we find the pupils intensely interested. They have in many cases pieced together a story that would, be well worth preserving for future generations. We are in agreement with those teachers —practically all i,i the district —that a more suitable text-book should be authorized.— (Taranaki.) Health and Temperance. —Health and temperance aro now very satisfactorily treated. In the latter subject we have given the teachers a short scheme of minimal requirements.— (Nelson.) In general we found that provision for temperance instruction was made in all schemes of work We should, be pleased to see a little more enthusiasm displayed in approaching this subject.— (Otago.) Temperance is taught in connection with health, temperance in food, drink, and other matters. Tho heading is regularly looked for in the schemes and in the work-books. It forms a subject of inquiry at visits of inspection, and essays deal with various aspects. There appears no doubt that teachers realize and impress its importance. Frequently it deals with matters that come within the experience of the children ; and at times they show that they have already decided opinions drawn from that experience. The instruction given by the teachers is reinforced by that of members of extra-mural bodies and clubs. — (Wellington.) local Music. —We are pleased to note improvement in school singing, especially with respect to voice-training. Specialization in singing is being practised in some of the larger schools. In some of the infant-rooms we found attention being given to eurhythmies —due, no doubt, to the influence of an English " exchange " teacher who spent some weeks in the district. Now that many schools are equipped with gramophones we should like to see these instruments more fully used for the purposes of appreciation of music.— (Otago.) While in most schools singing is given a set time on the time-table, we feel that in many cases better results should, be obtained. In too many cases a number of songs are learned by ear, and little instruction is given in voice-production or in reading simple music by sight.— (Southland.) Nature-study.—The methods of instruction, in this subject still leave much to be desired, the lesson being too formal in character and often a, mere recital of dry facts by the teacfier. Frequently the programmes submitted are not planned to harmonize with the school environment and outdoor

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lessons, and informal talks on plant, bird, and animal life of the pupil's own district are not sufficiently general. Fewer lessons on such technical matters as pollination, dissection of flowers into petals, stamens, pistils, &c, are needed ; and direct observation of and contact with Nature herself by the pupils should receive more encouragement. — (Canterbury.) School-gardens. —Practically all schools above Grade I have school-gardens, and in many cases these add materially to the attractiveness of the school-grounds. But beside the esthetic value there is an educational value in observing processes of nature and drawing correct conclusions from these observations. From the turning-over of the first sod in the garden the inquiring spirit should be at work (Why do we dig the garden ?) up to the reaping of the fruits of the pupils' labour (Why is this crop so poor, or so good ?) Practical outdoor experiments have been suggested for teachers to carry out, but in many cases with little results —" a change of teachers," " a dry season," or, " a wet one," " the growth of weeds during the holidays," " depredations by rabbits and other animals," being the commonest reasons assigned for failures. Enthusiasm on the part of the teacher and pupils can overcome most of these, and valuable lessons may frequently be learned from so-called failures. We should like to see more simple experimental work carried on indoors to illustrate and explain the processes at work in connection with plant-life, and suggestions will be made to teachers in connection with this phase of the garden-work. — (Southland.) Physical Instruction. —Physical instruction should not be looked upon as a subject; there should be developed in the pupil an attitude towards life, an attitude never to be relaxed. It is not so much what the pupil does in the squad : the crucial question should be, Is he so trained at school that in every hour of his waking life he carries himself in a manner that is physically healthy and pleasant to look upon ? One significant remark will give point to this statement: A School Medical Officer, in reporting on applicants for probationerships, said that there were very few candidates among the young women who knew how to carry themselves properly. If this be so, one wonders what effect such teachers will have on the pupils with whom they come in contact. We have a physically vigorous school population. It would be a pity that with such a fine foundation the pupils could not also be distinguished for their striking bearing. — (Hawke's Bay.) Most teachers are keenly interested in this branch of their work. Some of the classes make an excellent showing, and their displays bear testimony to the thoroughness and efficiency of the instruction. In most of our schools outdoor games and sports are well organized and supervised, and a word of praise is due to those teachers who devote so much of their spare time in encouraging their pupils in rational and healthy recreation. — (Canterbury.) The physical exercises seen during our visits were performed in nearly all schools with precision and smartness. From this point of view we were quite satisfied. We did not find, however, that all teachers paid sufficient attention to the posture of the pupils during drill, and. there was rather too little evidence that the lessons (if any) on the carriage of the body were being put into practice in the class-room. Further, we frequently find that the lessons which were presumably learned at school have not been carried into the street, the park, and other public places. We ask all teachers to make a special note of this aspect of physical instruction. We found little indication that the practical work of the drill period had been properly correlated with, the lessons on health — a correlation which the Senior Physical Instructor has consistently and strongly urged. — (Otago.) Handwork. —At the woodwork and cookery centres the pupils are receiving efficient instruction on right lines. The handwork in the schools has not yet reached a sufficiently high standard, but we expect an improvement during the coming year. Many of the handwork lessons seen by us give evidence of too little preparation on the part of the teachers. Young teachers, especially in the lower classes, cannot present an effective manipulation of the material they are using unless they have previously made a practical personal preparation for the lesson they are taking. There is no reason why a finished model should not be shown as a standard of work to be aimed at. — (Wanganui.) Infant Departments. —The continued improvement in the instruction of the infant departments of the larger schools is very noticeable and very pleasing. Modern methods, including the classification of pupils according to ability, and the use of concrete material for individual work, are being everywhere adopted with gratifying results. We note also with appreciation that similar methods are being more extensively used in the smaller schools, in some of which the help given by the organizing teacher has had a very fine influence. — (Otago.) Environment. —Attention to both the exterior and interior environment continues to be a prominent feature of school activity. Many of the interiors, especially of the newer schools, are made very attractive by the judicious arrangement of pictures ; while there is evident a conscious desire in the arrangement of walls, tables, and notices such as time-tables, to secure as much beauty as possible. The tradition that the interior of a school need be no other than that of the dreariest of homes dies hard ; but the tide has obviously turned. The. co-operation of the public has been secured. In a few cases, staff-rooms have been furnished and decorated like a sitting-room, though in this respect we lag behind many good English schools. We fail to draw upon that great and ever-ready reservoir, the wonderful creative ability of the school child. We have not yet succeeded in organizing that ability for the public good, or even for the good of the school. Many school-grounds are most attractive, but it is to be regretted that in. too many cases this is the result of hired labour. That this is quite unnecessary is evident from the beautiful grounds of some large schools where the whole effect is due to the pupils alone. Rightly organized, these grounds could give a fine training in the appreciation of applied art and in civic duty. In more than one school attention has also been given to the orderly arrangement of the road immediately adjacent to the school. In fact, our schools might become a potent factor in making our countryside a thing of beauty and a joy to all.— (Hawke's Bay.) Retardation. —An analysis of the annual class lists discloses the fact that retardation is all too common in our schools. Some few years ago retardation was especially noticeable in the primer

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departments, pupils being kept an inordinate time before being promoted to the junior division. To-day the centre of retardation has been transferred to Standards IV and V ; and even when allowance is made for natural causes, such as immigration, change of schools, entering school at seven years, foreign or Maori birth, there is an excessive number of pupils who are ranked in age as retardates. We hesitate to express the opinion that pupils are deliberately retarded in Standard. V so that a good showing may be made by the Standard VI pupils in the Proficiency Examination. Certainly it does not appear that steady efforts are being made to give special attention to the older pupils, who, by virtue of their age and normal intelligence, should be a class or two higher than they really are. " Once a retardate, always a retardate," seems to be a doctrine with many head teachers, especially if the retardate is an import from another school. This should not be. It is pleasing to note that the evil of retardation is less noticeable in sole-charge and two-teacher schools than in large town schools. — (Auckland.) Our survey revealed the fact that the class in which a child is placed is no clear indication of either his mental capacity or of his academic progress. In every class the mentality ranges from, deficiency to genius, and the pupils' achievement in school-work corresponds to this range. The overlapping of classes in point of achievement indicates that an unsatisfactory state of affairs exists with regard to our classification. Something like a condition of chaos exists. One of the most necessary reforms is a more scientific system of classification which will make due provision for the needs of children who deviate from the normal —especially those who have little academic ability and those whose mentality is of a very high order. The country cannot afford to neglect these children. — (Taranaki.) In our opinion the ages fixed for determining retardation are too low. The number of retardates taken at the present ages is disproportionately large. This year, for instance, there wore as many as 196 extreme cases — i.e., two years above the ages fixed. An examination of the schedules shows that there are good reasons for most cases. Remedial measures appear most effective in the preparatory to Standard II classes. Retardation in the preparatory classes of our largest schools has been almost eliminated.— (Nelson.) Retardation on the score of arithmetic is disappearing, but is not unknown. To counteract the tendency towards such retardation it might seem advisable to encourage dual classification on a large seale — i.e., the placing of a pupil in a different standard, in arithmetic from his standard in English if the former subject is relatively backward. We regret to say that there is still, as in the past, a tendency to allow arithmetic to dominate the classification of pupils, and that the promotion tests in this subject set by some headmasters go beyond syllabus requirements. — (Canterbury.) We hope that teachers will make a further effort to reduce retardation. A solution probably will be found along the lines of classification on a scientific basis. It should be borne in mind that a pupil may be regarded as retarded when he is not usefully employing his natural powers, and is not undergoing continuous maximum development according to those powers. During the year we used the Stanford reading test, which is applicable to Standard 111 to Standard VI. A consideration of a group of recorded results reveals the fact that 37 per cent, of Standard V pupils and 12_ per cent, of the Standard IV pupils made scores equal to or greater than the Standard VI median score, and 15 per cent, of Standard VI pupils and 27 per cent, of Standard V made scores equal to or less than the Standard IV median score. These facts are significant: the pupils of Standard IV and Standard V in the first category are retarded ; those of the Standard VI and Standard V in the second category are overweighted. A proper use of appropriate tests in the classification of pupils would go far towards the removal of the causes of retardation and ineffective teaching. — (Wellington.) Proficiency Examinations. —With adequate safeguards it is hoped that it will be possible further to extend the accrediting system. We are of opinion that the added responsibility placed upon headmasters, many of whom are potential Inspectors, will raise their professional status, and at the same time the element of chance which is always a factor in a single examination test will be eliminated. It is to be noted that the children respond by steady effort throughout the year, when, it is known that the result of such effort will be the award of certificates without further examination of an exterior nature. The inculcation of the habit of steady effort is in itself sufficient justification for the introduction of the new system. — (Auckland.) This year a more intensive use of the synchronous method and of the system, of accrediting was made. Most head teachers, among whom we are pleased, to note not a few of the younger teachers, formed quite reliable estimates of their pupils' work ; but others, some of them with considerable experience, appeared to have rather an exaggerated estimate of the examination work done by their pupils. The new form of examination in arithmetic and English is a distinct improvement. One advantage is that a greater variety of questions gives a better chance of finding out whether adequate courses have been covered. Another is that emphasis is now set on the more important phases of a subject — e.g., on rapid oral or mental work in arithmetic, on the understanding and appreciation of English prose and verse, and on the synthetic side of grammar rather than on the analytic. The papers, too, are much more easily marked, and there are now fewer requests for reconsideration of arithmetic, it being-generally recognized that a pupil who fails in this subject cannot layj the blame on the difficulty or unevenness of the tests. — (Canterbury.) Libraries. —ln the great majority of the schools of this district libraries have been established. Books are now comparatively inexpensive, and publishers offer a variety that extends from the primers upwards. The recognized correlation between reading and intelligence opens up a wide field for teachers, whose labours will be lightened and rendered more profitable by the systematic encouragement of the use of library books. There are well-stocked teachers' libraries at two centres in the district, and the Board pays outward postage. — (Taranaki.)

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Probationers. —In nearly all our schools the probationers are receiving thorough training, both academic and practical. At the end of the year practically all of the probationers qualified for entrance to the training college. Incidentally it may be stated that the wealth of material allows of a much wider choice, and that consequently there are fewer of the proverbial round pegs in square holes entering the profession. Head teachers have carried out satisfactorily their duties in regard to the instruction and training of their probationers, most of whom improved materially their examination status during the year. A number of head teachers now hold themselves personally responsible for the greater part of the instruction given in the school classes. We are pleased to be able to record the enthusiasm and promise shown by the probationers.— (Wanganui.) Probationary Assistants. —The work of our probationary assistants, although as yet there are few of them, shows that they have benefited by their two years' experience at training college. The plan of spending the fourth year of training in class-teaching at approved schools appears to be working out well. — (Nelson.) Special Classes. —The Board has been fortunate in obtaining a staff specially competent to do effective work with children of the non-academic type. Some of the pupils are subnormal and respond more readily to manipulative exercises than to work of the ordinary type. At all three centres most encouraging success has attended their operation. Retardates have in cases been able to return to their normal classes. Under skilful direction the self-disciplinary and organizing powers of the children have made distinct advance. It will be profitable to develop classes of this nature ; and, incidentally, better accommodation should improve results. Two of the staff have gone abroad to study recent developments in this direction. A liaison committee is now required to act as a connecting-link between school and vocation, so that the good work done in class may be continued by providing a safe launching into citizen occupations. A health camp was instituted and continued for three weeks, the success being sufficient to warrant renewal annually as a permanent feature. —( Wellington.) Adopted Schools. —The " parent " and " adopted " school scheme, which had its inception in this district in 1925, was continued last year, and again was markedly successful. Some fifty city, suburban, and large country schools acted as " parents," each adopting a sole-charge country school. For the complete success of the scheme enthusiasm on the part of both parent and adopted teacher is required, and we take this opportunity of thanking personally the headmasters and assistants of parent schools for the assistance they have afforded —assistance which has not only greatly benefited, but which has also been greatly appreciated by the adopted teachers. In one case some pupils of the adopted school during their school holidays attended the parent school for a week, were placed in the classes, and received manifest advantages. The expense involved in connection with the scheme for the year is extremely small when compared with the value received, being made up principally of cost of postage on letters and parcels sent. The total cost to the Board amounted to £2 2s. 10d., which for fifty parent and fifty adopted schools averaged sd. per school.— (Auckland.) I have, &c, William W. Bird, The Director of Education, Wellington. Chief Inspector of Primary Schools.

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APPENDIX B. REPORTS (ABRIDGED) AND STATEMENTS OF ACCOUNTS OF EDUCATION BOARDS. 1. REPORTS. AUCKLAND. Sir,— , In accordance with the requirements of the Education Act, the Education Board of the District of Auckland has the honour to submit the following report for the year 1927 : — Board. —During the year no changes took place in the personnel of the Board, the members being : Auckland Urban Area—Mrs. N. E. Ferner, Mr. G. Brownlee, Mr. W. J. Campbell. Mr. H. S. W. King, Mr. J. P. McPhail, and Mr. T. ll.'Wells ; Hamilton Urban Area—Mr. S. B. Sims and Mr. F. A. Snell ; North Ward of the Rural Area—Mr. J. D. McKenzie and Mr. R. Hoc ; East Ward of the Rural AreaMr. K. C. Banks and Mr. A. Burns ; West Ward of the Rural Area —Mr. J. Boddie and Mr. J. Patterson. The Board met on the first and third Wednesdays in each month. Twenty-four meetings of the Board were held during the year, with an average attendance of twelve. Schools. —During the year the following schools were opened : Aomarama, Aongatete, Apata, Golden Cross, Huarau, Kohua Road, Moehau, Ngawaro, Pekapekarau, Piripiri, Rangitoto Island, Rotongaro, Taipuha Station, Te Huahua, Te Karaka, Trooper's Road, Waikato Hospital, Wapuna Valley, Wiltsdown. The following schools were closed : Glen Murray, Newton East, Okupata Road, Port Charles, Puketiti, Taikawhana, Te Matai, Te Werenga, Topuni Station, Waiorongomal, Waitekauri. Buildings. —During the year eleven new schools were built and twenty schools were enlarged. In order to meet the cases of emergency, two temporary buildings were also erected. Six schools were remodelled: five teachers' residences were provided during the year, and. one was enlarged. Accommodation.- The Board has again to acknowledge that the grants made by the Department during the year enabled a fairly vigorous policy with reference to the provision of school-accommodation in the Auckland Education District to be adopted. It has again to be urged, however, that the accommodation question in the Auckland Education District needs the very serious consideration of the Department. Finance. —The income for the year ending 31st December, 1927, totalled £815,722 13s. Bd., and the expenditure £818,771 17s. 3d. ' Maintenance Fund. —During the year the Board kept a close scrutiny on the Maintenance Fund, and so managed that no liabilities existed at the end of the year. The Board, however, considers that the fund should be strengthened if the whole of the necessary work in maintenance is to be carried out and the buildings kept in a proper state of repair. District High Schools. —The Board is glad to record that the improvement in the efficiency of tuition in secondary departments of district high schools still continues. At the close of the year seventy pupils of district high schools obtained full passes in the Matriculation Examination, 164 gained senior free places, nine obtained full passes for the whole of the Teachers' D Certificate Examination, and two passed the first section of the B.A. Degree Examination. The Board recognizes that these results were largely due to the keen interest displayed by the Senior Inspector and his colleagues in the work of district high schools, and their competent guidance, and to the earnest and capable work of the teachers. During the year the Board continued to urge the introduction of definite commercial subjects into the syllabus of instruction for district high schools, and is now pleased to note that, authority for such introduction has recently been received. Junior High Schools. —The junior high schools at Kowhai, Matamata, and Northcote are, according to the authorities who have visited them, doing good work. The Board desires that in connection with junior high schools in rural centres the representation of the main district should be fuller than it is at present, and to this end has advocated that the parents of the junior-high-school pupils should have three representatives upon the governing body. Consolidation of Schools. —The parents of children attending the Piopio Consolidated School are still highly appreciative of the general principle of consolidation. They are satisfied that the quality of the education given to their children is much better than that given in the small schools which were discontinued when consolidation took place, and that the corporate spirit engendered among the children will make for their benefit as citizens in the future. The Board is satisfied that the principle of consolidation has been established, and that its operation should be extended. Subsidies. —The Committees of the Auckland Education District continue to show keen interest in the schools under their authority. During the year they raised approximately £4,200 for the improvement of the school-grounds and surroundings, and for the establishment of libraries arid other school requirements. The contribution of so large a sum is an evidence that the parents in general are impressed with the importance of a suitable environment during the school-life of their children.

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Staffing Conditions. —A steady improvement has taken place during recent years in the staffing of the schools. Certificated teachers are gradually replacing uncertificated teachers, and the number of the latter in the Board's employ is now very small. Junior teachers give evidence of interest in their academic studies. The number who have now failed to qualify for entrance to the training college is comparatively small. The Board is pleased to note that the regulations have been so altered, as to permit of the grading of schools for the year ending 30th September. This amendment has already had a beneficial effect upon the staffing of the schools, and the Board is satisfied that each year will prove its efficacy. Organizing Teachers. —The organizing teachers in this district continue to do good work. They have considerably improved the standard of efficiency in rural schools. " Adopted" Schools. —During the year the scheme of adopted schools inaugurated by the Senior Inspector has continued to prove a great benefit to teachers in outlying districts. The underlying principle—that a highly efficient school shall adopt one or more small schools and direct to some extent the work of the latter—has proved quite sound and beneficial. School Banks. -The movement to encourage thrift among the pupils attending the schools of the district by the establishing of savings-banks, inaugurated during 1926, proved highly successful, and is gradually being extended. Conveyance. —The Board has found some difficulty in the matter of arranging for the conveyance of pupils within the scheduled allowance. District School Authorities. —The Board desires to place on record the loyal co-operation of Inspectors, of teachers, and of School Committees in promoting the cause of education in the Auckland Education District. Conclusion. —ln conclusion the Board desires to thank you for many acts of kindness and consideration during the past year. You have at all times been willing to give courteous consideration to the various matters brought under your notice by the Board. The Board further desires to thank, through you, the officers of your Department for courtesy and attention received. I have, etc., Arch. Burns, Chairman. The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington.

TARANAKI. Sir — In accordance with the requirements of the Education Act, 1914, I have the honour, on behalf of the Taranaki Education Board, to present the following report of our proceedings for the year 1927 : — Board Members. —The representative members of the three wards and one urban district are as follows : Central Ward (seventy-two schools) —Rev. J. L. A. Kayll, Mr. F. H. Sims ; North Ward (fifty-eight schools) —Messrs. H. Derapsey, P. J. H. White; South Ward (thirty-six schools) —Messrs. H. J. Eaves, A. Lees; Urban District of New Plymouth (six schools) — Messrs. R. J. Deare, S. G. Smith. Twelve ordinary meetings and one special meeting of the Board were held during the year. Schools. —The following schools were opened during the year : Dawson's Falls (Grade 0) ; Turuturu (Grade IIIc). Organizing Teachers. —The efficient state of the majority of the smaller country schools is due to no small extent to the zeal of the two organizing teachers, who have carried out their duties to the complete satisfaction of the Board and the Inspectors. Many of the schools allotted to them have been in charge of ex students of the training college, and it is found that these young people, though equipped with much theoretical knowledge, receive great, benefit from the visit of the organizing teachers, which helps them to meet the practical difficulties of sole-charge schools. Teachers' Refresher Course. —Prior to the schools reopening a very successful refresher course for teachers was held in New Plymouth. The course of instruction aimed at being of practical use to teachers in their daily work, and subsequent reports on schools prove the stimulative effect of the course, particularly in such subjects as agriculture, handwork, singing, and eurhythmies. Dental Clinics. —In July a new dental room was opened at the Eltham School. There are now three dental rooms in Taranaki, and this popular service is meeting a very real need. District High Schools. —At the end of the year there were three District high schools in operation. The aim of the course at each school is to provide a good general education with a marked bias towards agriculture, and including such subjects as natural sciences, dairy science and agriculture, afforestation, farm carpentry, metal-work (for boys), home science (for girls), poultry and bee keeping, and elementary book-keeping and. accounts. Administration. —A statement of the Board's income and expenditure is attached and shows, — £ s. d. Credit balance on all accounts brought forward, 1926 .. .. 5,668 2 8 Receipts from all sources, 1927 .. .. .. .. 157,736 9 4 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. 163,404 12 0 Total expenditure and disbursements, 1927 .. .. .. 147,414 5 1 Leaving a credit balance on all accounts on 31st December, 1927, of £5,990 611

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Buildings. —lt is to be regretted that two school-buildings were again destroyed by fire—Matau School and Tataraimaka residence. On the 31st December, there were 163 school-buildings belonging to the Board, and twelve for which either a rental was paid or, being household schools, no rental was paid. There were eighty-one teachers' residences, of which two were not occupied by the teacher, and ninety-four schools without residences attached. Manual and Technical Instruction. —Agriculture : In spite of certain difficulties, this important branch of the Curriculum has made a pronounced advance in country schools. Recognizing the national importance of agriculture, my Board requires all schools in the district to have a rural bias. The special branches of agricultural effort in the schools have developed in an astonishing degree. The boys' and girls' agricultural club movement is extending, and it is noticeable that the keenness of the pupils is reflected in the parents and farmers. In South Taranaki the work has so developed that an association including the Farmers' Union, the Chamber of Commerce, the Rotary Club, and other interested bodies has been formed to control the administration. The number of children competitors approximates ,one thousand. The competitions include calf-rearing, judging dairy types of cows and calves, root-growing, &c. The development of senior clubs throughout Taranaki aims to make possible a continuation of education in agriculture from the school to the farm. The lessons of the past few years in afforestation have been well learned, and plants can now be seen in all stages of development, from seedlings to planted-out trees. Rough portions of school-sites, once a source of danger and expense from noxious weeds, are gradually being planted out, and will in time be a valuable asset to the Board. In town schools where facilities for larger operations do not exist the Board has been content to develop cottage gardening. Survey of Schools. —Early in the year a survey was made of all pupils attending the primary schools with the object of comparing the standard of attainment, &c, of Taranaki children at various ages with children from other districts and countries. So far as can at present be judged, Taranaki children reach the recognized standard in most subjects, and in some subjects are actually above the standard in England and America. A special arts and crafts class to provide for those c'.ildren who do not readily respond to the ordinary conventional methods of teaching was established at West End School, and is proving an unqualified success. Medical Inspection. —The Health Department has made New Plymouth the headquarters of the District Medical Officer, Dr. Mecredy, who also acts as School Medical Officer. During the year the Board's offices were enlarged to provide office accommodation. The arrangement has proved most satisfactory, and shows the value of active co-operation between the two departments. School Libraries. —A large number of supplementary readers were provided to all schools, and school libraries are now established in the majority of the schools. Conveyance of School-children. —Approximately 215 children travel by conveyance to school, for which a grant of 6d. per return trip is made ; 105 travel by school buses under contract; 690 children ride 620 horses to school, many long distances, and board allowance was paid in respect of 20 children ; 185 children were also conveyed to manual training centres. The aggregate cost of these services was £2,331 lis. 2d. School Committees. —On behalf of my Board I wish to pay a tribute to the fine work done by Committees during the year. Never have so many applications been made to subsidize money voluntarily collected to improve sanitary conveniences, grounds, and the interiors of schools. I should like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the splendid spirit of co-operation and loyalty existing between my Board and the Committees, which reflects the smoothness with which the present system of administration is working. I have, &c, Sydney G. Smith, Chairman. The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington.

WANGANUI. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the proceedings of the Board for the yeax ending 31st December, 1927 : — Board. —During the year Mr. W. W. Hedges, one of the members for the Wanganui Urban Area, resigned from the Board, the vacancy being filled by the election of Mr. A. Hickford. The personnel of the Board at the end of the year was as follows : Messrs. W. A. Collins (Chairman) and E. F. Hemingway (West Ward); Messrs. H. Mclntyre and J. K. Hornblow (South Ward); Messrs. A. J. Joblin and W. Adams (North Ward) ; Messrs. D. W. Low and W. S. Woodroofe (Palmerston North Urban Area) ; and Messrs. J. Aitken and A. Hickford (Wanganui Urban area). Schools and Attendances. —New schools were opened at Otamakapua and Omatane, and the Ngawaka School was reopened. The Kirikau, Hinau, Mangahoe, Tiriraukawa, and Whareroa Schools were closed during the year. Efficiency of the Schools. —The Inspector's reports reveal that the estimated efficiency of the schools was as follows : Good to very good, 81 ; very fair, 102 ; fair, 15 ; weak, 3. This shows an increase over last year of two in the number of schools classified as good to very good, and of seventeen in those under the heading of very fair. " Adopted " Schools. —The system of adopted schools was continued throughout the past year, and the results obtained have far exceeded anticipations. It has been found that the adopted schools have derived valuable help from the larger schools, and a noticeable feature is the improvement in the quality of the work done by the pupils of small schools. The success so far attained is largely due to the enthusiasm of the teachers taking part in the scheme, and the thanks of the Board are due to all concerned.

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Organizing Teacher. —Valuable work continues to be done by the organizing teacher in improving the efficiency of small country schools, which are in charge of teachers with little experience. The number of schools visited was nineteen. Conveyance and Board of Children. —The total expenditure for conveyance and board allowances was £1,589 ss. 3d. The average number of children conveyed was 261, in attendance at thirty-nine schools ; and the average number of children for whom boarding-allowance was paid was forty-three, in attendance at nineteen schools. Voluntary Contributions. —Voluntary contributions received during the year totalled £2,776 lis. Bd. The main purposes of the contributions were the improvement of buildings and grounds, the purchase of new sites and additional land, the installation of septic tanks, the purchase of pianos, gramophones and records, pictures and special equipment, and the establishment and enlargement of school libraries. In addition to the large sums raised from year to year by means of voluntary contributions, much is done by School Committees and others in the way of voluntary labour for the improvement and beautification of school-grounds. Health of Children. —Dr. Elizabeth Gunn, School Medical Officer, reports that during the year some ten thousand children were examined, as well as two hundred candidates for the teaching service. The medical inspection of the tiny tots — i.e., the two- to five-year-old children —was carried out both in Wanganui and Palmerston North. Of these 403 were examined. The practice of giving a height and weight chart to each" child, with a gold star attached to the chart of each one physically fit, has resulted in stimulating interest on the part of the parents. The seventh annual health camp was held in November and December, 112 children being in camp, In spite of very wet and cold weather the results were good, although not quite so satisfactory as in other years, when the weather was better. Every child showed improvement as the result of the camp life. To Mr. and Mrs. B. P. Lethbridge the Board again accords its grateful thanks for their generosity and assistance, and for their continued interest in the children. Without the help so willingly given by Mr. and Mrs. Lethbridge it would not be possible to hold these camps. The Board is indebted also to Dr. Elizabeth Gunn and her assistants for the manner in which they carried on the camp under somewhat trying conditions. Physical Instruction. —The Inspectors report that physical instruction on sound lines is being carried out. Manual and Technical Instruction. —Agriculture : The reports of the Department's Inspector show that the high standard, reached in former years was well maintained. The continued success of the boys' and girls' clubs is a pleasing feature. Buildings and Sites. —A new school was erected at Tunanui Road. During the year the Pohangina School was destroyed by fire. This was replaced by the removal and re-erection on the school-site of the Technical School building, which had. been closed for some years. A new building was erected at Ohakune for the accommodation of the secondary department of the District High School. The Kakaramea School was rebuilt, and at Terrace End the school was partially rebuilt in brick, and two additional class-rooms erected. Additions were made to the Kopane, Manunui, Upokongaro, and Wanganui East Schools, and remodelling-work was carried out at the Lytton Street and Manunui Schools. At the Palmerston North Central School the steel windows throughout the main building were converted to casements, in order to provide a greater degree of safety without loss of efficient ventilation ; the main building and out-offices were also provided with pitched iron roofs in place of the flat roofing with which the school was previously covered. A central heating system was installed at the Marton District High School. Additional out-offices were erected at the Wanganui East School, and septic-tank systems installed at the Kai Iwi and Waverley Schools. A residence was purchased for the accommodation of the teacher at Sanson, and improvements were carried out to the teachers' residences at Parewanui and Whenuakura. The improved facilities provided in the new workshop have been the means of reducing the cost of the manufacture of school furniture. The work can now be carried out in a more efficient and expeditious manner than was the case in the old shop, and it is possible, without undue pressure, to cope with the growing demands for furniture and equipment of various descriptions. During the year furniture to the approximate value of £1,750 was made up and supplied to schools. Finance. —The annual financial statements are submitted herewith. After allowing for liabilities and cash assets, the net credit balance at the end of the year was £1,232 Is. Id. The late Hon. D. H. Guthrie. —It is with sincere regret I have to record the death of the Hon. D. H. Guthrie, who was for many years a teacher in this district, and subsequently a member of the Board. The late Mr. Guthrie was an enthusiastic worker in the cause of education, and his kindly personality endeared him to all. General. —I desire to extend to the members of School Committees throughout the district the Board's appreciation of the valuable services so willingly given for the welfare of the schools in their charge. I would also convey to the teachers the Board's thanks for the loyal manner in which they have carried out their duties during the year. The Inspectors, as ever, have at all times given of their best, and to them, and especially to the Senior Inspector, Mr. Lambourne, I would convey the Board's appreciation of their unvarying courtesy and of their assistance and advice in many directions. The Secretary and his staff, the Architect and staff, and the Manual Instructors have the Board's hearty thanks for the efficient manner in which they have performed their duties. In conclusion, I would like to convey to the Minister and the officials of the Department my appreciation of the courteous consideration which they have invariably given to the Board's requirements. I have, &c, The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington. W. A. Collins, Chairman.

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HAWKE'S BAY. Sir — In accordance with the provisions of the Education Act, 1914, the Education Board, of the District of Hawke's Bay has the honour to submit the following report of its proceedings for the year 1927 :— The Board. —The personnel of the Board at the end of the year was as follows : Napier Urban Area—Messrs. J. Clark Thomson (Chairman) and R. C. Wright; Gisborne Urban Area—Messrs. J. S. Wauchop and T. A. Coleman ; Hastings Urban Area—Messrs. G. A. Maddison and C. Lassen ; North Ward Rural Area —Messrs. G. McKay and A. King ; South Ward Rural Area —Messrs. R. P. Soundy and. W. Cuthbertson. The only change in the personnel during the year was occasioned by the retirement of Mr. G. Crawshaw, who did not seek re-election. The Board has placed on record its appreciation of the long and valuable services rendered to education by Mr. Crawshaw in various capacities. Mr. T. A. Coleman was elected unopposed to fill the vacancy. Finance. —The credit cash balance on all accounts at 31st December, 1927, was £4,940 18s. lOd. The cost of general administration in 1927 was 5-575. per pupil in yearly average attendance. It must be stated in this connection that this cost includes administration charges in respect of the Board's workshop and the manual and technical side, to neither of which branch has any special, officer been appointed, nor is any special payment or allowance made for services rendered by the Board's staff. The Maintenance Account, which for several years past has* been in an unsatisfactory state, has through careful administration been kept in a fairly satisfactory position. The Board has found it difficult, however, to comply with the requests for assistance towards the installation of septic-tank drainage systems. £225 was spent in 1927, and applications now under consideration would, if approved, involve the' Board in an expenditure, under present arrangements for financing the cost, of £293. This special expenditure, with the expenditure on desk replacements referred to in the next paragraph, places a heavy tax on this account, and renders it difficult to find the funds necessary to keep the schools in an efficient state of repair. Judicious expenditure of the amount available has, however, been made, and the painting of the Board's schools buildings has been steadily proceeded with during the year. During the past throe years the sum of £3,315 7s. Id. has been spent on desk replacements. That sum is comprised of Government grants, £1,291 Is. 9d. ; £996 12s. 6d. from the Rebuilding Fund ; and £1,027 12s. lOd. found by the Board, of which £918 Bs. 6d. was provided in 1927. It is estimated that a sum of over £1,000 is still required to complete these replacements. The Board's finances will not permit of this heavy drain upon its funds, and consequently it may be several years before this most necessary work can be completed. Attendance. —The attendance figures disclose quite an extraordinary position, inasmuch as although the average roll number shows an increase of 152 over the year 1926, the average attendance decreased by nearly 350. This is accounted for by the fact that the attendances were affected by epidemic sickness throughout practically the whole year. Schools. —A new school was opened at Awapuni (Gisborne) on the Ist July, a small school was reopened in the Board's building at Flemington, and five household schools were recognized. Three household schools were closed during the year, and two schools in temporary buildings at Mutuera and Ruanui. Proficiency Examination and Junior National Scholarships. —As in former years, a synchronous examination was arranged for the outlying schools, the pupils in other schools being examined either at convenient centres or at their own schools. For the synchronous examination cards in English and arithmetic were provided by the Department, whilst other special papers were prepared by the Inspectors. The Board arranged for responsible supervisors to be present. Teachers. —The conditions in respect to the supply of trained teachers have vastly improved during the past few years. In fact, at the present time there is a definite surplus of trained teachers. For 1926 and 1927 a fewer number of probationers were appointed than in previous years. The number of students leaving the training colleges at the end of 1928 and 1929 will correspondingly be reduced, and it may be that the supply will the more nearly correspond with the demand in 1929 and 1930. There were two instructors in agriculture, nature-study, and dairy science, five in woodwork, and four in domestic science. Instruction in manual-training classes at Woodville is given by teachers on the staff of the Palmerston North Technical School. Organizing Teachers. —The Inspectors report most favourably on the efficient state of the smaller country schools, and in a great measure this happy result is due to the efforts of the organizing teachers, who have carried out their duties whole-heartedly, and to the complete satisfaction of the Board and Inspectors. During the greater part of the year two organizing teachers were employed, one in the northern and one in the southern portion of the district. The number of uncertificated teachers had, however, decreased to such an extent that it was found possible to dispense with the services of one organizing teacher, who was appointed to a position in a school. District High Schools. —At the end of the year there were six district high schools in operation. Rural-course instruction has been given as in previous years, and every encouragement is given to pupils to proceed to the full length of their secondary education. Science work is conducted on sound lines, and all the secondary departments have the benefit of the advice and assistance of the Board's agricultural instructors. Manual and Technical Instruction. —Handwork : Classes in elementary handwork were conducted in all schools.

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Needlework : This was satisfactorily taught in nearly all schools. Special classes were conducted in those schools in sole charge of male teachers where it was possible to arrange for the services of competent instructresses. Elementary Agriculture and Science : The numbers of schools taking these subjects, and the numbers of children receiving instruction, were as follows : Elementary agriculture and dairy science— 163 schools, 3,293 children ; elementary experimental science—ll schools, 872 children ; home and natural science—3 schools, 48 children : totals—l 77 schools, 4,213 children. Equipment and class material have been kept to an efficient standard. Woodwork and Domestic Science : The Board has made representation to the Department regarding the necessity for an expansion of the training in the subjects of woodwork and cookery by the establishment of additional centres. Physical Instruction. —Full attention has been given to this important branch of the work. Special remedial classes have been conducted in many of the schools with a most appreciable physical improvement to the children. Medical Inspection. —The work has proceeded steadily throughout the year. The School Medical Officer reports that there has been a general improvement in the standard of cleanliness amongst the school-children, and also in their dietary and general well-being, the result being a. marked improvement in the standard of health of the children in this district. The Board is pleased to record that on the whole the teaching staffs co-operate heartily with the medical staff and assist in every possible way in this important branch of school activities. Dental Treatment. —Dental clinics are now established at Napier, Hastings, Dannevirke, Waipukurau, Waipawa, and Gisborne, and are proving of great value to the community. Authority has now been given for the establishment of a clinic at Wairoa. Their value has been fully recognized by the parents in otlie'r parts of the district, and insistent demands are made for the establishment of additional clinics. Special Classes. —Opportunity classes are conducted in Napier and Hastings. Both classes have proved of great benefit to those less fortunate children who are incapable of benefiting by instruction in the ordinary schools classes. The number of children under instruction at the end of the year was twenty-six. Conveyance and Board of School-children. —At the end of the year the number of children in respect of whom allowance was paid (excluding those conveyed on the railways) was as follows : Conveyance allowance, 619 ; horseback allowance, 21 ; board allowance, 109 : total, 749. The total expenditure on the above services in 1927 was £4,901 18s. 3d., compared with £4,071 14s. 2d. in 1926. The figures for conveyance indicate a considerable increase in this important service. Buildings, dc. —A new school of four class-rooms at Awapuni (Gisborne) was erected, and a building of two class-rooms to house the secondary classes at Wairoa District High School, which had previously been accommodated in portable, rooms. New one-roomed schools were built at Arero, Clydebank, and Putorino, and additions made to schools at Morcro and Muriwai. A new room was added to Clive Grange residence. Accommodation was provided for a Standard VII at Norsowood and desirable improvements were effected at Ormondville. At the close of the year a start had been made with the rebuilding of the Makotuku School, which had been totally destroyed by fire, and also with the provision of three class-rooms to replace portable buildings and. provide additional accommodation at Mahora (Hastings). Mangapapa School was connected with sewer drainage system, and septic-tank installations were made at Clive Grange, Muriwai, Porangahau, and Tolaga Bay. Additional shelter-sheds were provided at Clive Grange, Pakowhai, and Puha, and an extension at Te Hapara. Electric-light installation has been effected where desired in those districts to which reticulation has extended. Considerable improvements were made to Napier Central grounds. A very fair quantity of joinery and school furniture has been manufactured at the Board's workshop during the year. In addition to the provisions of desks for the new buildings above mentioned and to meet increased enrolments, 489 desks were made arid supplied for replacement of long desks and forms. The workshop staff carried out all the building programme mentioned above, except works at Arero, Awapuni, Puha, and Te Hapara, as well as a good amount of country maintenance work. Subsidies on Voluntary Contributions. —During the year the sum of £1,771 7s. 7d., as compared with £2,023 18s. lOd. in 1926, was raised, by School Committees and subsidized by the Government for the purposes specified in the regulations. There has been, distinct progress during the year in the interest shown by Committees in their schools. In ever greater numbers Committees take advantage of the Government subsidies on voluntary contributions, and during the year large sums have been raised for all purposes incidental to schools. The most outstanding features of the subsidy applications last year were, firstly, the desire of Committees to establish good school libraries to provide suitable and wider reading for the children ; and, secondly, to provide facilities to enable the children to cultivate a taste for music. In connection with the latter, more has been done than in any previous year by Committees to obtain pianos, and gramophones and good records, for use in the schools. It must be noted that the general improvement in the school-grounds recorded in previous reports has been well maintained, this being almost entirely due to the School Committees, who, with the assistance of teaching staffs, have raised large sums of money voluntarily in order to obtain the Government subsidy for the purpose of carrying out effective beautifying schemes. General. —The Board greatly appreciates the valuable co-operation of the School Committees, who have practically without exception taken the greatest interest in their schools, and who have co-operated with the Board and the teaching staff in every possible way for the well-being of the children. The Board is indebted to the Senior Inspector and his colleagues for their helpful advice

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and assistance during the year. The Board desires to record its appreciation of the courteous consideration received from the Minister and the officers of the Department on all matters put forward by the Board during the year. The Board also desires to express its appreciation and thanks for capable and faithful services rendered by its Secretary, Architect, and office staff during the year under review. My own. thanks are due to my fellow Board members for valuable counsel and assistance in the discharge of the duties appertaining to my office. I have, &c, J. Clark Thomson, Chairman. The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington.

WELLINGTON. Sir, — In accordance with the requirements of the Education Act, 1914, I have the honour to submit the following report of the Education Board of the District of Wellington for the year 1927 : — Board. —Urban Areas : Wellington City —Messrs. Thomas Forsyth, M.P. (Chairman), J. J. Clark, W. E. Howe, and C. H. W. Nicholls ; Hutt and Petone —Messrs. G. T. London and J. Stonehouse. Rural Areas : Hutt-Horowhenua Ward —Messrs. L. H. Atkins and P. Robertson ; Wairarapa Ward —Messrs. T. Moss and R. McLeod ; Marlborough Ward—Messrs. D. McCallum and W. D. Pike. Schools and Attendance. —It had been hoped that the reduction in regularity of attendance noticed in 1926 would be only temporary, but a continuance of the series of epidemics throughout last year reduced the percentage still further. Not since the year 1920 has the regularity of attendance been so seriously affected. It was not till the last quarter that an approach to normal was reached, when, an increase in the average attendance of 685 over the September quarter was recorded. Training College. —The report of the Acting-Principal is appended. It records a year of work creditable alike to staff and to students. The Board congratulates Professor Gould on his wellmerited appointment to the Chair of Education. Report of Inspectors. —The following is the Inspectors' estimate of efficiency : Public schools — Very good, 35 ; good, 93 ; satisfactory, 97 ; fair, 14 ; weak, 1 : total, 240. Private schools —Very good, 5 ; good, 12 ; satisfactory, 30 ; fair, 1 : total, 48. Scholarships. —Two Heckler Memorial Scholarships, tenable for two years from the fst January, 1928, were awarded to Maxwell B. Rands and William J. Vine. Instruction of Teachers. —Saturday classes were discontinued, but an excellent refresher course for adult teachers was held at Kelburn during the May term holiday. The subjects were : Infantroom method, 37 (Miss R. Macalister) ; singing, 35 (Miss C. Perry) ; drawing, 31 (Mr. L. Watkin). Such a course confers lasting benefit on many schools. Manual. —Handwork was undertaken at all schools. In thirty-two schools in charge of male teachers needlework was taught by special instructresses. The woodwork centre at Mount Cook was under construction. Replacement of cookery appliances was effected at Wellington, Levin, Carterton, Eketahuna, and Pahiatua, by generous gifts amounting to nearly £100 in value. The work proceeded well at all centres, with attendance from sixty-four schools. A reduction of eight schools took place owing to the opening of the Blenheim Junior High School. Agriculture and Science. —The reports of the three instructors in agriculture show quite perceptible advance. Definiteness of aim in this subject was secured by the new scheme of work issued early in the year. The comments of the three instructors in agriculture are quoted at some length in the Inspectors' report. Buildings. —The building operations of the Board were marked by exceptional difficulty, owing to the very large and rapid increase in the suburban population, due in the Hutt-Petone area to the Government development scheme. Pressure was experienced also in Miramar, Lyall Bay, Island Bay, Ngaio, Karori, and Kaiwarra. Owing to the extreme difficulty in providing secondary accommodation in the eastern area the Board agreed to hand over to the Wellington College Governors the new Rongotai School (eleven rooms) on completion. The following buildings were erected : Waiwhetti (six rooms), Wilford (four rooms), Opouri Valley (one room), Pukerua Bay (one room). Additions were provided at South Miramar (three rooms), Khandallah (one room), Kaiwarra (one room), Karori (one room and remodelling), Seatoun (two rooms for infant department), Petone West (four rooms —infant department). To meet the extraordinary pressure church rooms and halls and a racecourse pavilion were rented. A new residence was erected at Waikanae to replace the former one destroyed by fire. New conveniences were provided at three schools, septic tanks at two, shelter-sheds at three, and improved heating at two. Painting and overhaul were undertaken at fifty-four schools and twenty residences. Towards some of these works local contribution was made. Owing to the continued development further acquirement of sites and erection of buildings becomes urgent. The Board placed an order for 1,500 desks.

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School Committees. —The efforts of School Committees for the betterment of school life were of great variety, and productive of very substantial results, as the totals of applications for subsidy clearly show : —

The corresponding figures for the preceding year were 173 applications for a total sum of £2,603 10s. Bd. The Board highly commends their efforts. General. —Libraries : Central libraries to serve the Sounds and Akitio County are now established. Those operating at other centres continue to confer much benefit on their school communities, and the teachers in charge will earn the gratitude of the children. Arrangement has been made for the establishment in Wellington of the nucleus of a teachers' reference library by contribution of £30 each by Department and Board. The Wellington Branch of the New Zealand Educational Institute has kindly undertaken care and distribution. Music : The Royal Choral Society, the Harmonic Society, arid the Savage Club orchestra have on different occasions invited the senior scholars of Wellington to entertainments, and the Board acknowledges its obligation to them and to Mr. E. Douglas Taylor for valued assistance in cultivating musical appreciation. Special classes : Four classes were conducted, at Mount Cook (two), Miiamar (one), Petone (one). The teachers merit a word of special commendation. A most successful three weeks' camp at the Central Development Farm, Levin, brought delight, with improved health of body and mind. Much kindness was received from the medical staff, teachers, scholars, and neighbours. The benefit of these camps as there conducted is not open to question. The Board ventures to suggest that, if possible, the place should be kept for the benefit of such children. Dental and medical service : Appreciation of these valuable and well administered services continues to increase. Thanks. —The staff of the Board has met the demands of the year with admirable loyalty. The helpfulness and friendliness of the officers of your Department, especially of the Inspectors, have been much appreciated. The Board congratulates Mr. Bird, late Senior Inspector of this district, on his promotion to the position of Chief Inspector of the Dominion : it welcomes his successor, Mr. D. A. Strachan, M.A. The Board tenders you its grateful thanks for your courteous consideration of its representations. I have, &c, The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington. T. Forsyth. Chairman.

NELSON. Sir, — I have the honour to present the following report relative to the activities of the Education Board of the District of Nelson for the year ended 31st December, 1927 : — Board. —The personnel of the Board at the end of year was as follows : Nelson Urban Area — Messrs. F. W. 0. Smith and J. W. Treacher ; North Ward—Messrs. W. C. Baigent and C. B. Morris ; East Ward—Messrs. E. J. Scantlebury and J. G. Wilkens ; West Ward —Mr. J. H. Harkness and Hon. W. H. Mclntyre. Mr. F. W. O. Smith occupied the Chair during the year. Schools. —The new school at Auckland Point was opened as a mixed school, and the Shelbourne Street Girls' School and Haven Road Side School were closed. The Nelson Central School was converted from a boys' to a mixed school. This marked the closing stages from the change-over from separate girls' and boys' schools to mixed schools in the Nelson City. New schools were opened at Twynham and Omokau, and the Tophouso school was reopened. The Hillside School was closed, and the children conveyed to Clifton Terrace. Attendance. —The attendance at several schools was again affected, by minor epidemics noticeably in the March and June quarters, otherwise the attendance was well maintained, and except in a few instances prosecutions for non-attendance were not necessary. Teaching Staff. —During the year one of the organizing teachers resigned to take charge of a school and has not been replaced. The other two organizing teachers are rendering excellent service in the small schools.

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Purpose. Number of Applications. Amount of Contribution. Ground improvements First-aid outfits Gramophones and records Pianos Library Miscellaneous , .. 39 3 31 5 40 28 __ _ 1,157 15 11 4 12 0 208 '3 0 150 4 3 344 11 8 284 13 11 Totals 146 2,150 0 9

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Scholarships. —Again this year a remarkably large number of scholarships were awarded, no less than twenty-one Junior National Scholarships being gained in the district. It is particularly pleasing J;o record that thirteen of these were gained by pupils in primary or district high schools. Buildings. —A considerable amount of building-work was carried out during the year. The new two-story brick school at Auckland Point, Nelson, was completed. New schools were erected at Pakawau (Grade II), Rahu (Grade I), Wangapeka Track (Grade I). The Clifton Terrace School was remodelled and enlarged. The Motueka School (wooden portion) was remodelled and the cookeryroom converted into a class-room. Additions were made to the original Manual building providing for a cookery-room in addition to the existing woodwork-room and science laboratory. A combined class-room and science laboratory was erected at Granity. Two additional class-rooms were erected at Hampden Street, Nelson, and a portable building, which was used for an infants' room, was transported and erected at Hira to replace a worn-out school-building. An additional room was built at the Millerton residence. All this work was carried out by contract. Conveyance and Board. —Parents of children in the backblocks continue to take advantage of the allowances towards the cost of board and conveyance in order to attend schools. Conveyance allowance was paid during the year on behalf of 196 children in attendance at twenty-eight schools, and boarding-allowance to seventy-two children attending twenty-seven schools. There were in addition contracts arranged for the conveyance of forty-eight children to three schools. Voluntary Contributions and Subsidies. —School Committees have rendered excellent service during the year in raising funds to enable improvements to be carried out in the school-grounds, the establishment of school libraries, and other activities in connection with their schools. Many Committees are taking advantage of the Department's supplies of gramophones and records, and a large number of schools are now equipped with these machines. During the year fifty-three Committees claimed subsidies on cash contributions amounting to £561 Is. sd. The Board paid £28 7s. 9d. from its General Fund by way of supplementary grants towards school libraries. Health of Children. —The thanks of the Board are due to the School Medical Officer and his assistants for the good work done in the direction of improving and safeguarding the health of the children. Excellent work has been accomplished throughout the district by the Dental Officers. An up-to-date surgery has been installed and equipped in the Education Office buildings, Nelson, and clinics are also established in Murohison, Motueka, Westport, and Stoke. A clinic is now being erected at Reefton. Appreciation is expressed to the Committees who raised funds towards establishing suitable buildings and towards the necessary expenditure to enable the Dental Officers to efficiently carry out their work. Physical Instruction. —The Board regrets that no appointment of a physical instructor for this district has been made. The instruction is given by periodical visits from the Wellington District instructors and our own organizing teachers. Technical Instruction. —Most of the technical classes in the district are under the control of Boards of Managers, but the Board conducts technical classes in cookery, woodwork, and dressmaking at Motueka and Takaka. During the year a small class of instruction in woodwork was inaugurated at Murchison. Finance. —After taking cash assets and liabilities into account, the net credit balance at the end of the year was £5,816 9s. 4d. The actual bank balance on the 31st December was £3,583 7s. 6d., of which £2,000 was on fixed deposit. General. —During the year arrangements were made whereby the Board was enabled to move into new offices. The whole of the staffs of the Education Board, Inspectors, Child Welfare Branch, School Medical Branch, and Dental Clinic are now housed in the one building, under conditions which allow of more efficient work to be carried out with a greater degree of comfort. The building previously in use had been occupied for over seventy years. School Committees throughout the district rendered splendid service in improving the schools and grounds, and in general promoted the children's welfare in no small degree. To the teachers, Inspectors, the Secretary, the Architect, and their staffs, and the manual instructors, the thanks of the Board are due for the loyal and efficient manner in which they carried out their duties. I wish also on behalf of the Board to convey to the Minister, Director, and officers of the Department appreciation of the courteous attention extended during the year. I have, &c, F. W. 0. Smith, Chairman. The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington.

CANTERBURY. Sir — I have the honour to present the report of the Board for the year ending 31st December, 1927. The Board. —During the year the respective wards were represented by the members named : Christchurch Urban Area —Messrs. E. H- Andrews, W. Johnson, C. S. Thompson, and W. H. Winsor ; Timaru Urban Area—Messrs. J. G. Gow and J. Maze ; Middle Ward —Messrs. W. A. Banks and W. P. Spencer ; South Ward —Messrs. G. W. Armitage and T. Hughes ; North-west Ward—Messrs. H. J. Bignell and R. Wild. At the August meeting Mr. C. S. Thompson was elected Chairman. During the year the Board held one special and twelve ordinary meetings.

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Schools. —During the year schools were opened at Cattle Creek, Hawarden (consolidated), and Slatey Creek ; while those at Boddytown, Evans Creek, Fyvie, Okarito, Horsley Downs, Hurunui, Mason's Flat, Medbury, and The Peaks were closed, the last five being consolidated into one central school at Hawarden. Buildings.--- Considerable difficulty was experienced in dealing with the needs of all those schools requiring extra accommodation due to increased attendance and consequent additions to staffs. The Board has endeavoured (where circumstances warranted) to provide a room for every teacher in charge of a class, but has had to fall a long way short of this ideal. The following shows the districts furnished with new schools, additions, &c, during the year: New schools —Hawarden (consolidated), Training College (east wing) ; schools rebuilt after fire —Ohoka, Spreydon ; schools remodelled—Jack's Mill, Taylorville ; additions —Fairlie, Methven, Opawa, Prebbleton, St. Albans, Somerlield, Wooderrd ; new residences —Harihari, Kairakau (addition). Finance. —By careful administration, the Building Fund has been nursed back into a more healthy condition than has been the case for some time past. It is pleasing to note, however, that the buildings maintenance grant has been reinstated on the old basis, and that the Board will thus be able to carry out works that were in danger of being unduly delayed. The increase of conveyance contracts and consolidation schemes has meant a greater call on the General Fund, and it is apparent that if demands for these services are to be met satisfactorily the Department will have to consider an increased capitation or a review of the whole position. School Committees continue to raise large sums for school requirements, most of which money earns subsidy. Conveyance and Boarding .—-The total number of children who received conveyance-money was 2,034, while 142 who lived too far away from a school to be able to attend regularly were paid boardingallowance. In addition to the above, special bus services were in operation at Hawarden, Mackenzie, Oxford, Orari, and Tinwald. The total expenditure in the above connection has been £11,796, of which sum the Board has provided £714 from the General Fund. School Committees. —The great majority of Committees continues to take a very live interest in their schools. Large sums of money are raised for the purpose of improving grounds and buildings, and making alterations that tend to the comfort and welfare of the children. Dissatisfaction certainly exists at the limitation of Committees' powers, more especially in respect to the appointment of teachers, but it must be admitted that misfits due to the present method of selection are not numerous. The Board takes this opportunity of expressing its appreciation of the good work that is being done in a voluntary way throughout the district, and of the loyal co-operation that is displayed by Committees with the Board in its endeavour to promote the welfare of the schools under their charge. Manual and Technical Instruction. —Reports from all parts of the district clearly indicate that effective use has been made of elementary handwork material as a means of correlating this instruction with other subjects of the syllabus. The material supplied by the Department was of good quality, and there was sufficient to meet all requirements. A limited quantity of infant-room material was also received from the Department, and was distributed to schools selected by the Senior Inspector. The keenness for agricultural instruction in its various branches has showed no diminution ; rather there is evidence to indicate that the interest in this important branch of education is on the increase. Three hundred and eleven schools were recognized as taking elementary agriculture as a class subject during 1927 —a marked increase over the previous year's figures. Favourable reports have been received from the Education Department regarding possibilities of the Education Board obtaining a suitable title to Reserve 1579, New Brighton, on which to carry out a forestry endowment scheme amongst schools situated in Christchurch and its environs. It is expected that the scheme will definitely be put in operation during 1928. Physical Instruction. —Systematic instruction is carried out by the special instructors, Messrs. G. A. Webb, T. L. Barnes, and Miss I. Greenwood, who endeavour to visit each school at least twice a year. The district to be covered, however, is very wide, and the instructors cannot spend nearly as much time as is desirable in the schools. A very fine display by Christchurch pupils was arranged by Mr. Webb on the occasion of the visit of His Royal Highness the Duke of York. Medical and Dental Work. —The school doctors and nurses have been kept busy examining pupils and aspirants for the teaching profession. New dental clinics were established at Ashburton East, Pleasant Point, St. Albans, Sumner, Waimataitai, and Winchester. General. —The relations existing between the Hon. Minister, the Department, and the Board have been most cordial. Visits of the Minister and his departmental officers are always welcomed, as they undoubtedly enable each side to see matters from the other's point of view, and thus eliminate the undesirable misunderstandings that are too prone to arise when discussions have to be carried on solely by means of correspondence. My warmest thanks are due to my colleagues in office for their loyal support, counsel, and advice, which have been invaluable to me in carrying out the duties appertaining to my office. I have, &c, C. S. Thompson, Chairman. The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington.

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OTAGO. Sir, — As required by the Education Act, 1914, I have the honour to present the following report of the Education Board of the District of Otago for the year 1927 ; —- Board. —There has been no change in the personnel of the Board, which is as follows : Urban Area—Messrs. James Wallace, J. H. Wilkinson, R. 11. S. Todd, and Leonard Sanderson ; North Ward— Messrs. George Livingstone and James Mitchell; Central Ward—Messrs. James Smith and James Horn, M.P. ; South Ward—Hon. I). T. Fleming, M.L.C., and Mr. Parker McKinley, MA. Mr. James Wallace was re-elected Chairman of the Board, it being now his tenth year in that position. Twentyseven meetings of the Board have been held during the year, the average attendance being nine. Probationers. —The quota for the Otago District was fifty, as against thirty-six last year. Out of a total of 125 applicants all qualified by examination, twelve males and thirty-eight females were selected, fifteen of whom had higher leaving-certificates and full D, twenty-seven higher leaving certificates and portion of D, three full D, four partial D, and one a lower leaving-certificate and portion of D. The cutting-down of the number of appointments in 1925 and 1926 to about half the number allowed in previous years has had the effect of reducing the number of young people seeking admission to the teaching profession. In 1925 there were 200 applicants for thirty-five vacancies; in 1926 there were 151 for thirty-six vacancies ; and this year 125 for fifty vacancies. The Inspectors' reports show that about one-fifth of last year's applicants would not make effective teachers, and the Board has thought it necessary to suggest to the heads of high schools and district high schools that they should discourage pupils from endeavouring to qualify themselves by examinations when they know that from the point of view of personality the pupils arc unsuitable or have not a reasonable chance of securing an appointment. Inspection of Schools. —For some reason—possibly that of economy* —the Department did not fill the vacancy created by Inspector Robertson's transfer to Southland at the end of February until the last week in October, the result being that, working shorthanded, the Inspectors found it impossible to visit every school twice. Inspector Robertson's resignation removes from the Otago inspectorate the last of the Inspectors appointed by the Otago Education Board. Not one of the present Inspectors is an Otago-trained man. The Board finds it a decided disadvantage that the members of the inspectorate do not know Otago geographically.f Efficiency of Schools. —The Inspectors' estimate of the general efficiency of the schools is as follows : Excellent or very good, 11 per cent. ; good, 50 per cent. ; very fair, 34 per cent. ; fair, 5 per cent. This shows a slight decrease in the " very fair " category (36 per cent, last year), and a pleasing increase in the two highest groups. Only about a dozen schools of Grade I and upwards were this year recorded as fair (below satisfactory). Proficiency Examination. —The Proficiency Examination was taken wholly as a synchronous examination, the procedure being identical with that adopted in 1926 except that no special supervisors were appointed. Elementary Agriculture. —The Senior Agriculture Instructor reports that a more intelligent interest in and appreciation of this subject by the pupils is becoming pleasingly apparent in a number of schools. The majority of the school-gardens have reflected systematic attention to the various practical operations. An appreciation of the effect created by a well-kept garden has resulted in a greater recognition by teachers of the importance of improving the school environment generally. The Senior Agriculture Instructor states that in general the year's work has been marked by improvement both in methods and results. Woodwork, Cookery, and Dressmaking. —The following table shows the number of schools able to take advantage of these classes, ;md the number of children in attendance : —

School-buildings. —The only new work carried out was the erection of four additional rooms at the new Caversham School. Remodelling received attention at the Normal, Musselburgh, Sawyer's Bay, and Tokomairiro Schools. The usual attention was given to maintenance work, and in this connection the Board notes increased expenditure on the upkeep and renewal of out-offices, sheltersheds, drainage systems, and fences which have outlived their period of usefulness. The Board observes with pleasure a growing desire on the part of Committees to improve the school-grounds, and a considerable sum has been granted by way of subsidy to supplement local efforts in this direction. All reasonable requests for the interior renovation of residences have been granted, but the Board regrets to report that it has had to decline almost every application for the interior painting of schools. Replacement of Long Desks. —ln last year's report the Board pointed out that it would cost £14,500 to complete the equipment of the schools in this district with modern furniture, and the suggestion was made that the Department and the Board should each allocate £500 annually to enable the work to be completed in fifteen, years' time. The Board trusts that the Department will yet see its way to make this grant.

* The delay in filling the vacancy was not duo in any way to economy as is suggested in the Board's report. ■("The present Inspectors have been in the Otago District two years, seven years, and eleven years respectively. j Includes twe private schools.

Subject. Number of Centres at which Number of (Schools. Instruction given. Roll Number. Woodwork Domestic science 12 34 .. | 13 . 37$ 1,602 1,440

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Junior and Senior National Scholarships. —ln the Senior Examination eighteen Otago competitors Were successful in gaining scholarships. Of the 267 Junior Scholarships awarded in the Dominion, Otago candidates gained 11-6 per cent, and of the 140 Senior Scholarships awarded Otago candidates gained 12-9 per cent. Conveyance and Board of Children. —The total cost of the above services was £5,299 ss. 7d. There are now twenty-five special conveyance services. The Department provided the full cost of five contracts, but on the remaining twenty, providing for 262 children, the Board required to find £506 19s. Bd. from its General Fund—a decrease of £137 9s. 3d. compared with last year. Truancy and Irregular Attendance. —Seventy-four notices were served on parents and guardians for the irregular attendance of their children ; 162 cases of irregular attendance were investigated ; seven penalty summonses were issued, and convictions obtained in all cases. Special Schools. —The Moray Place Special School and the Sara Cohen Memorial School continue to fulfil with benefit to the pupils the special types of work for which they were respectively established. The Board is glad to learn that the class for hard-of-hearing children and speech defects will be reopened early next year. 1 Physical Instruction. —In their comments on this subject the Inspectors state that there was too ittle evidence that the lessons on the carriage of the body were being put into practice in the classroom, nor were they being carried into the street, the park, and other public places. They ask teachers to make a special note of this aspect of physical instruction. Medical and Dental Inspection. —Ample evidence of the value of the School Medical Service is to be found in the contents of the monthly report which the School Medical Officer presents personally to the Board. The Board very rarely hears now of a case where a parent objects to the medical inspection of her child. Dental clinics are now in operation at Oamaru, Mosgiel, Green Island, Lawrence, Tapanui, South Dunedin, Kaitangata, and Alexandra, while several other districts are ready to go forward as soon as the services of a dental nurse are available. Teachers' Salaries Regulations. —The Board considers that the regulations relating to teachers' salaries are unnecessarily complex. The Board is strongly of opinion that salary should be attached to the teacher and not to the position. It should be possible to formulate a scheme based on this principle without adding to the present cost of salaries, and the Board suggests that early consideration be given to this. Salaries of Relieving-teachers. —The Board is of opinion that the rate of pay allowed ex-training-college students for relieving-work is too low. The Department's reason for giving the lower salary is that the higher one was an inducement to teachers to stay on the relieving staff and not apply for permanent vacancies. The Board does not agree with this contention. Otago State Primary Schools' Sports Association. —The Board desires to record its appreciation of the large amount of work outside school hours which teachers give to the sports activities of their pupils. Evidence of the enthusiasm and energy of teachers in this direction is to be found in the annual report of the Otago State Primary Schools' Sports Association. School Libraries and Wall Pictures. —Ninety schools applied for subsidy for library books, and forty-six for subsidy for wall pictures, the Board's expenditure on these objects being £.169 13s. and £70 17s. Bd. respectively. ' . Travelling School Libraries. —The Board is pleased to report that the City Council is now able to proceed with the scheme for travelling school libraries within the limits of Greater Dunedin which was initiated in 1917, but held over until better conditions prevailed in respect of the price of books and -the choice of suitable volumes. Libraries for Teachers. —The Board has given its hearty support to the Department's proposal for the establishment of a library for teachers. A sum of £55 (Department £25, Board £25, Otago Branch of the New Zealand Educational Institute £5) is available for the purchase of books, and the Board has agreed to accept responsibility for the care and upkeep of the library. The Educational Institute will also hand over to the Board the books at present in the Institute Library. Duke of York's Visit. —The Royal visit to Otago was made during the period 16th-19th March, and the Board undertook arrangements for the assembly of school-children at Oamaru, Dunedin, Ranfurly, Cromwell, and Gore. School Committees. —Ever since School Committees were deprived of the right to choose teachers there has been evidence of a diminution of interest in School Committee affairs ; but there are now signs in many quarters of a broader and more enlightened view of the really useful work which can be performed by this valuable department of public service. The State provides a district with a site and building, but it is the School Committee's privilege, with the aid of subsidies from the Board and the Government, to convert these bare necessities into something bright and attractive, and by so doing create in the children a spirit of pride in the local school. Department. —Notwithstanding occasional differences of opinion, harmonious relations continue to exist between the Department and the Board. The Board appreciates the periodical visits of the Minister, the Director, and other officers of the Department, as they undoubtedly make for a better understanding of each other's point of view, while they foster that spirit of friendly co-operation which should exist between the Department and the Board in the administration of education. The Board appreciates the attendance of the Senior Inspector at its monthly meetings. I have, &c, The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington. J. Wallace, Chairman.

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SOUTHLAND. Sir — In accordance with the requirements of the Education Act, 1914, the Education Board of the District of Southland has the honour to submit the following report of its proceedings for the year 1927 :— The Board. —The members in office at the beginning of the year were as follows : Messrs. P. A. de la Perrelle (Chairman), W. Carswell, G. Johnson, A. W. Jones, 8. Rice, H. Smith, J. C. Thomson, and J. D. Trotter. No alteration in the personnel of the Board occurred throughout the year. During the year to which this report refers, the Board held twelve ordinary meetings and one special meeting. The Executive Committee, which consists of all the members of the Board, met twenty-four times. In addition to the regular meetings of the Board, members have devoted a considerable amount of time to visiting various parts of the district to confer with Committees and residents on various school matters. Schools. —Eight schools were closed at the beginning of the year to which this report refers ; these schools were Beaumont, Glendhu, Walter Peak, Whitehead, Flint's Bush, Paradise, Skipper's Point, and Cainard. In each of these cases the closing was due to decreased attendance. One new school, Lora Station, was established, and that at Longridgo North was reopened. The Hospital School, established in 1924 for the benefit of child patients, continues to do good work in the way of providing facilities for the continuation of the education of such pupils as are not completely incapacitated. Attendance of Pupils. —In his annual report to the Board the Attendance Officer states that during the year there were 208 notices sent out to defaulters, forty-six summonses issued, and thirty-nine convictions secured, the fines inflicted totalling £12. Organizing Teachers. —The Board's two organizing teachers, Messrs. D. Brown and H. Romans, continue to do good work in assisting the untrained and inexperienced teacher, but the steady reduction in the number of such teachers points to a day not far distant when the services of organizing teachers will no longer be required. Instruction of Teachers. —After having been held regularly every year for more than twenty years, Saturday classes for the instruction of teachers were discontinued last year. In view of the number of fully trained teachers now leaving the training colleges annually, and the fast disappearing number of uncertificated teachers, the necessity for such classes no longer exists. Believing, however, that a refresher course would be helpful, the Inspectors organized a series of classes for adult teachers during the term holidays in August. These classes were conducted by the Inspectors themselves, and, dealing as they did with the various subjects of the school syllabus in as practical a manner as possible, the classes proved decidedly helpful. Altogether 152 teachers were in attendance. Conveyance and Board of Pupils. —The amount expended by the Board under this heading shows a steady increase year by year, as will be seen from the following figures for the past three years : 1925, £1,923 18s. 7cl. ; 1926, £2,573 19s. ; 1927, £2,942 6s. lis. School Medical Service. —Excellent work continues to be done in this most important branch of the Health Department, and the Board would like to place on record its appreciation of the inestimable services rendered to the rising generation by Dr. Collier and her staff. The Board has been pleased to note from the monthly reports submitted the improved conditions now prevailing as a result of the closer co-operation of parents and teachers with the School Hygiene Division. It is to be regretted, however, that the recommendations of the School Medical Officer have not in all cases been given effect to immediately, and that sometimes parents have had to be notified again and yet again. The Board has noted with pleasure the satisfactory reports received in connection with goitre treatment, which has been carried on throughout the district during the year, and it was therefore somewhat of a surprise to hear'that the treatment is now to be discontinued. Immunization against diphtheria was carried out in various districts during the course of the year. Dental Clinics. —Three dental clinics are now in operation in this district, a double-chair clinic in Invercargill and a single-chair clinic at Gore and Otautau. The Board has noted with satisfaction the excellent reports received from the School Medical Officer regarding the improved conditions now prevailing in connection with hygiene of the mouth in the case of pupils in those schools that have been receiving attention. The Board would, however, again urge upon your Department the necessity for the establishment of travelling clinics, to enable the children in the smaller centres to be placed on a similar footing to those more favourably situated in the larger centres. Physical Instruction. —The high standard of work for which this district has been noted in the past continues to be well maintained in this most important branch of education, and the Board fully recognizes the enthusiasm in this direction displayed by its teachers as a whole. Instruction in Swimming. —ln view of the large number of lives annually sacrificed through lack of a knowledge of how to swim, the Board regrets that there should be so little encouragement offered towards securing a more widespread proficiency in this most valuable art. The Board rejoices at the facilities now available in Invercargill through the erection of up-to-date public baths, which will enable a forward movement to be made in the direction of the establishment of classes for townschool children, but the Board regrets that your Department has not approved of proposals submitted with a view to enabling children coming into Invercargill for manual instruction to receive instruction in swimming also. Needlework. —ln forty-nine sole-teacher schools staffed by males instruction in needlework was given by local sewing-mistresses appointed by the Board. It is to be regretted that in quite a number of schools it was found impossible to secure the services of a local resident able to devote two hours per week to giving girls some instruction in this most important subject.

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Elementary Agriculture. —Good work in this subject continues to be done in most schools, but there is considerable room for improvement in many cases. Reference has been made in previous reports to the necessity for some provision being made for school-gardens to be looked after during the summer vacation. It is pleasing to report that this is being done in a, large number of schools, but still there are too many gardens to be seen where it is quite evident absolutely nothing was done. It is surely not impossible for the teachers concerned to make some arrangements whereby the gardens would receive some little attention at a period when growth is at a maximum. Woodwork and Cookery. —Work in these subjects was carried on during the year for one term in Riverton, two terms in Gore, and at both centres in Invercargill for the whole year. Subsidies on Voluntary Contributions. —Of the contributions for the year under review 66 per cent, was for the purpose of effecting improvements to school gardens and grounds ; and when it is stated that these contributions represent an increase of over £333 above the corresponding figures for the previous year, one realizes the increasing interest that is being taken by School Committees and parents in the matter of improving the surroundings of their schools. The extent of the improvements being effected in the way of laying down concrete paths and drilling-areas, improving playing-areas and planting shelter-belts, &c, can be best realized when it is remembered that as the contributions raised carry in nearly all cases pound-for-pound subsidy, a sum of no less than £4,000 was made available for expenditure in the directions indicated. Unfortunately, however, there are still too many instances where the apathy of Committees and teachers is evidenced by the bare and uninviting appearance of the school surroundings. Visit of Duke and Duchess of York. —In connection with the visit to this district of Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and the Duchess of York, provision was made by the Railway Department for the conveyance of pupils from Standard HI arid upwards to three centres —Lumsden, Gore, and Invercargill. School Libraries. —The number of applications received during the year for subsidies on contributions towards the purchase of books for school libraries was forty, the contributions received totalling £133 14s. 6d. The sums contributed by the Board in addition to the pound-for-pound subsidies from the Department amounted to £41 2s. Id. It will be seen, therefore, that the amount made available during the year for expenditure on school libraries totalled £308 lis. Id. School Furniture. —lt is pleasing to record that with the close of the year to which this report refers the Board had completed the equipping of all schools of Grade 111 and upwards with modern dual desks. It remains now, therefore, but to deal with sole-teacher schools, and this matter, which is not without its problems in view of the fact that the school-building is in many places the only building available for public meetings, is due for consideration by the Board at an early date. Building Operations.' —ln addition to the usual maintenance of school-buildings, erection of outbuildings, &c, the following works were completed during the year : Bluff —hot-water heating ; Roslyn Bush—additions to school; Invercargill North—hot-water heating ; Ohai —school and site, and residence ; Wyndham—hot-water heating, and remodelling school; Invercargill Middle —infant department; Limestone Plains —rebuilding school ; St. George —addition to school; East Gore — hot-water heating ; Waikiwi —septic tank, &c. In addition, a new school at Wairio and a residence at Wyndham were ncaring completion at the close of the year. Finance and Accounts. —The total receipts for the year amounted to £142,553 Is. 4d., and the payments made during the same period were £146,037 12s. 9d. It is worthy of mention that the amount of the maintenance grant from the Department for 1927 was £7,127, but in view of the reduction to operate in 1928 the amount available for the year now entered will suffer a decrease to the extent of no less a sum than £1,340. As the expenditure on maintenance of school-buildings for the year under review exceeded the amount of the grant from your Department by £2,750, the Board is faced with the necessity for very considerably curtailing its operations. Conclusion. —ln conclusion, the Board desires to acknowledge the courtesy and fairness with which all applications have been met by your Department. The Board would also express to your Inspectors, Messrs. Strachan, Robertson, Service, and Hunter, its indebtedness for their valuable assistance and advice, and to School Committees for their hearty co-operation in all educational matters. I have, &c, P. A. de la Perrelle, Chairman. The Hon. the Minister of Education, Wellington.

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2. STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURE, AND ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, AND BALANCE-SHEETS OF EDUCATION BOARDS.

AUCKLAND. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

* Transfers to General Account. f Transfers to Suspense Account. Balance-sheet, 31st December, 1927. Debit Bank Balances and Moneys owing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due to Board. £ s. d- I £ s. d. £ s. d Amounts owing—Special accounts .. .. 19,649 87 j Cash at bank on current account 14,518 15 5 Credit balances—Special accounts .. .. 10,467 6 8 ; Less unpresented cheques .. 770 17 2 Credit balance—General Account .. .. 1,990 4 11 13,747 18 3 Amounts dve— Special accounts .. .. .. .. 18,252 5 3 General Account .. .. .. .. 106 16 8 £32,107 0 2 £32,107 0 2

As at 31st December, 1927. Name, of Account. 31st 1926. lncome - Expenditure. | Amounts due to Board. Amounts owing by J Due from Department. Due from other Sources. I Board. Special Accounts. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Teachers' salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 526,322 11 11 526,322 11 11 .. 4 13 7 14 2 6 House allowances .. .. .. .. .. .. 17,021 8 4 17,021 8 4 .. 9 18 1 School libraries .. .. .. .. .. 121 5 11 685 0 0 769 1 11 37 4 0 .. .. 124 17 2 Conveyance, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. \ 10 895 9 / 11,315 18 10 .. 3,283 11 7 .. 1,552 8 7 Grants to School Committees .. .. .. .. 31,762 5 2 31, 762 5 2 .. .. .. 407 1 6 Training-colleges .. .. .. .. .. .. 50,117 12 6 50,117 12 6 .. 575 2 10 .. i Scholarships — National .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,089 6 11 4.089 6 11 .. 1,368 0 3 Special .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 10 0 2 10 0 District High School salaries .. .. .. .. 15,161 14 1 15,161 14 1 ... 16 12 8 SiSSki :: :: :: :: »gSS 1} {«SSf} «- 48 « !1 ° ***»' «»• <•«•> • Rebuilding .. .. .. .. .. 4,272 16 6 455 19 1 4.588 17 3 139 18 4 .. .. 3,156 3 9 Buildings—Maintenance .. .. .. .. 5,112 6 7 32,835 1 6 35,841 1 10 2,106 6 3 2,187 6 8 .. 9,472 14 7 New buildings .. .. .. .. .. .. { 64 853 17 ?*}" 65 > 005 0 0 6,339 11 10 .. 1,177 10 6 Workshop Account .. .. .. .. .. 717 8 11 11 10 / Sites sales .. .. .. .. .. 2,537 5 2 3 '"^ 1 7 6 { 3'562 19 9 / X ' 532 3 4 " 901 17 6 Contractors' deposits .. .. .. .. .. 764 10 0 764 10 0 .. .. .. 371 10 0 Training College Hostel .. .. .. .. .. 2,412 11 7 | j 10 11*/ 167 11 11 " •• 36 17 2 Voluntary contributions, &c. .. .. .. .. 12,559 19 11 12,'559 19 11 .. .. .. 1,906 13 10 Total of special accounts .. .. 15,082 15 0 803 619 16 1 808,235 4 5 10,467 6 8 17,290 11 1 961 14 2 i 19,649 8 7 { 684 2 0* I .. "| General Account .. .. .. .. .. Dr. 1,122 12 11 < 1,434 9 7f 571 18 6*5- 1,990 4 11 106 16 8 .. i I 12,102 17 7 10,536 12 10 J Grand total .. .. .. .. 13,960 2 1 817,841 5 3 819,343 15 9 12,457 11 7 17,397 7 9 961 14 2 ■ 19.649 8 7

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TARANAKI. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

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; ; ; ; i • ♦ Stocks on hand. Balance-sheet, 31st December, 1927. Debit Bank Balances and Moneys owing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due to Board. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Amounts owing— Cast at bank on current account 5,114 15 11 Special accounts .. .. .. .. 2,905 10 0 Less unpresented cheques .. 324 9 0 General Account .. .. .. .. 29 18 3 4,790 6 11 Credit balances—Special accounts .. .. 10,421 16 3 Fixed deposits .. .. .. .. 1,200 0 0 Credit balance—General Account .. .. 895 4 9 Amounts due— Special accounts .. .. .. 8,089 14 5 General Account .. .. .. .. 172 7 11 £14,252 9 3 £14,252 9 3

Name of Account. Balance, 31st December, 1926. Income. Expenditure. Balance. Amounts due to Board. Amounts owing by Due from Department. Due from other Sources. -Board. As at 31st December, 1927. Amounts due to Board. Special Accounts. Teachers' salaries House allowances School libraries Conveyance, &-c. .. Grants to School Committees Teachers' classes Scholarships —National District High School salaries Manual instruction Technical instruction Rebuilding Buildings —Maintenance New buildings £ s. d. 65 3 4 22' 7 8 56 5 3 924 1 2 20 5 10 324 19 7 5,457 9 11 £ 3. d. 65 3 4 22' 7 8 56 5 3 924 1 2 20 5 10 324 19 7 5,457 9 11 1,009 5 1 2 12 6 £ s. d. 99,164 10 10 3,036 16 7 120 1 8 1,978 11 9 6.123 2 2 45 2 5 1,030 0 0 1,118 13 10 5,291 1 8 9 7 6 7,822 2 5 13,727 5 4 10,757 8 7 4 17 6 3,488 15 3 £ s. d. 99,164 10 10 3,036 16 7 130 9 4 1.978 11 9 6,135 13 9 87 11 4 1,030 0 0 1,118 13 10 5,257 0 9 60 16 10 8,340 7 5 13,727 5 4 7.614 5 5 7 10 0 3,488 15 3 £ s. d. 54 15 6 9 13 1 13 16 4 958 2 1 20 5 10 273 10 3 4,939 4 11 4,152 8 3 £ s. d. 62 18 1 2 8 6 3 1 6 172 12 2 16 12 6 314 14 4 972 3 3 2,672 0 9 £ s. d. 13 15 2 52 19 7 2 0 0 / 49 16 3 \ \ 3.754 12 i*f £ s. d. 3 6 0 295 1 4 3 5 0 249 14 8 54 0 8 74 7 3 1,918 12 9 141 13 4 165 9 0 W 7 orkshop Account 1,009 5 1 Sites sales Subsidies 2 12 6 Total of special accounts General Account 7,882 10 4 1,344 17 0 153,717 17 4 4,226 11 9 151,178 11 5 4,676 4 0 10,421 16 3 895 4 9 4,216 11 1 26 0 8 3,873 3 4 146 7 3 2,905 10 0 29 18 3 Grand total 9,227 7 4 9,227 7 4 157,944 9 1 155,854 15 5 11,317 1 0 4,242 11 9 4,019 10 7 2,935 8 3

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WANGANUI. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

Balance-sheet, 31st December. 1927. Debit Bank Balances and Moneys owing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due to Board. Amounts owing— £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Special accounts .. .. .. .. 6,704 19 7 Cash at bank on current account .. 4,706 811 General Account .. .. .. .. 64 4 1 Less credit balance, £ s. d. Credit balances—Special accounts .. .. 626 15 9 Alexander Bequest Credit balance—General Account .. .. 605 5 4 Account .. 38 8 8 Less unpresented cheques .. .. 1,034 110 1,072 10 6 3,633 18 5 Deposits, Post Office Savings-bank .. ~ 117 19 11 Amounts dve— Special accounts ...... .. .. 3,980 17 3 General Account .. .. .. . . 268 9 2 £8,001 4 9 £8,001 4 9

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Name of Account. Balance, 31st December, 1926. Income. Expenditure. Balance. Amounts due to Board. j Due from Department. Due from other Sources. As at 31st December, 1927. Amounts due to Board. Amounts owing by Board, Special Accounts. Teachers' salaries House allowances School libraries Conveyance, &c. Grants to School Committees Teachers' classes .. ... Scholarships —National .. District High School salaries Manual instruction Technical instruction Buildings —Maintenance New buildings Workshop Account Sites sales Contractor?' deposits Wanganui school sites Prize fund and miscellaneous £ s. d. .. 124 13 6 67 6 10 58 15 1 364 2 0 2,709 3 4 .. £>r.l,I89 17 4 650 9 3 '.'. Dr. 1,513 13 8 36 7 6 £ s. d. 138,495 5 0 3,990 3 8 342 4 3 1.589 15 3 8,303 19 8 538 5 7 3,311 8 1 5,727 3 9 464 0 0 13,887 11 4 20,576 3 4 3,772 19 10 165 0 0 998 16 0 445 4 9 £ s. d. 138,495 5 0 3,990 3 8 - 466 17 9 1,589 15 3 8.331 8 11 13 2 6 538 5 7 3,311 8 1 5,544 19 6 464 0 0 13,723 5 4 20,576 3 4 4,345 15 3 165 0 0 1,251 8 10 481 12 3 £ s. d. 39 17 7 45 12 7 546 6 3 2,873 9 4 Dr. 1,762 12 9 650 9 3 £ s. d. 122 1 8 148 14 3 280 13 10 32 7 6 26 15 7 398 11 1 1,228 7 2 1,373 3 6 £ s. d. 19 16 2 28 3 9 209 13 6 63 18 8 £ s. d. 36 5 5 3 6 8 35 18 0 1 1 1 5 0 6 61 15 6 1,041 3 9 3,329 8 3 247 14 1 Dr. 1,766 6 6 13 12 0 34 18 7 10 0 0 1,768 0 0* 165 6 4 Total of special accounts General Account Grand total 1.307 6 6 363 11 11 1,670 18 5 202,608 0 6 4,302 19 3 206,910 19 9 203,288 11 3 4,061 5 10 207,349 17 1 203,288 11 3 4,061 5 10 626 15 9 605 5 4 3,624 6 7 150 0 0 356 10 8 118 9 2 6,704 19 7 64 4 1 206,910 19 9 207,349 17 1 1,232 1 1 3,774 6 7 474 19 10 6,769 3 8 * £1,768 received from Department on acconni; rent ol Wanganui Technical College site and playing-fields.

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HAWKE'S BAY. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

Balance-sheet, 31st December, 1927. Debit Bank Balances and Moneys owing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due to Board. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Amounts owing—■ . Cash at bank on current account 4,687 13 9 Special accounts .. .. .. .. 2.136 15 9 Less unpresented cheques .. 1,555 15 6 General Account .. .. .. .. '3919 2 3,131 IS 3 Credit balances—Special accounts .. .. 5,796 16 11 : Cash in hand .. .. .. .. 19 11 10 Credit balance—General Account .. .. 3,097 9 4 Fixed deposits .. .. .. .. ] ,000 0 0 Post Office Savings-bank .. .. .. 789 8 9 Amounts dve— Special accounts .. .. „ .. 4,396 13 3 General Account .. .. .. .. 1,733 9 1 £11,071 12 £11.071 1 2

Name of Account. Balance, 31st December, 1926. J Income. Expenditure. Balance. Amounts due to Board. Due from Department. .Due from other Sources. As at, 31st December, 1027. Amounts due to Board. Board. Special Accounts. Teachers' salaries House allowances School libraries Conveyance, &c. Grants to School Committees Teachers' classes Scholarships —National District High School salaries Manual instruction Technical instruction Rebuilding Buildings —Maintenance New buildings Workship Account Sites sales Contractors' deposits Voluntary contributions and subsidies '.'. j £ s. d. 15 17 5 2,076 17 6 13 17 2 0 18 11 2,106 0 0 180 11 0 129 16 9 £ s. d. 127,253 3 11 3,364 17 10 204 15 3 4,901 18 3 7,594 7 10 78 7 3 742 6 8 4,195 5 3 7,236 11 5 633 6 0 80 0 0 7.932 5 3 13,226 17 4 4,620 17 2 0 10 0 172 10 0 3,661 1 2 £ s. d. 127,253 3 11 3,364 17 10 204 15 3 4.901 18 3 7,594 7 10 94 4 8 742 6 8 4,195 5 3 6,759 11 7 643 17 0 8,283 3 8 13,226 17 4 3,528 2 0 172 10 0 3,661 1 2 £ s. d. 2,553 17 4 3 6 2 80 18 11 1,755 1 7 1,273 6 2 130 6 9 £ s. d. 1 16 5 0 11 8 3 3 2 75 6 10 33 0 0 0 11 8 607 6 8 56 1 3 1,235 9 2 £ s. d. 21 17 6 8 16 6 31 10 0 2,191 14 4 129 8 1 £ s. d. • 32 19 9 4 2 10 142 4 0 70 15 7 1 13 7 763' 2 7 3 2 6 65 0 0 1,053 14 11 _L_ Total of special accounts General Account :: 4,523 18 9 3,185 16 2 185,899 0 7 5,126 11 6 184,626 2 5 5,214 18 4 184,626 2 5 5,214 18 4 5,796 16 11 3,097 9 4 5,796 16 11 3,097 9 4 2,013 6 10 53 0 8 2,013 6 10 53 0 8 2,383 6 5 1,680 8 5 2,383 6 5 1,680 8 5 2,136 15 9 39 19 2 2,136 15 9 39 19 2 Grand total 7,709 14 11 191,025 12 1 191,025 12 1 189,841 0 9 189,841 0 9 8,894 6 3 8,894 6 3 2,066 7 6 4,063 14 10 2,176 14 11 2,066 7 6 4,063 14 10 2,176 14 11 i

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WELLINGTON. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

Balance-sheet, 31st December. 1927. Debit Bank Balances arid Moneys owing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due to Board. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Amounts owing—Special accounts .. .. 1,402 00 i Cash at bank on current account 2,224 5 1 Credit balances—Special accounts .. .. 13,485 18 7 j Less unpresented cheques .. 582 11 7 Credit balance—General Account .. .. 574 19 1 1,641 13 6 Deposits, Post Office Savings-bank .. .. 7,136 7 5 Amounts dve— Special accounts .. .. .. .. 6,172 14 7 General Account .. .. .. .. 512 2 2 £15,462 17 8 £15,462 17 S

Name oi Account. Balance, 31st December, 192C. Income. Expenditure. Amounts due to Board. t Due from Department. Due from other Sources. As at 31st December, 1927. Amounts due to Board. Amounts owing by Board. Balance. i Special Accoimts. £ s. d. £ s. d. 198,285 10 8 . 4.598 11 7 314 9 3 2,982 3 9 11.695 12 6 43,438 11 2 61 13 11 £ s. d. 198,285 10 8 4,598 11 7 371 14 2 2,982 3 9 11,695 12 6 43,316 0 0 61 13 11 I £ s. d. 122 11 2 £ s. d. 60 9 9 5 13 4 237 11 1 30 10 8 £ s. d. £ s. d. Teachers' salaries House allowances Schoo] libraries Conveyance, Se. .. Grants to School Committees Training colleges Teachers' classes ScholarshipsNational Special District High School salaries Manual instruction Techn ical instruction Rebuilding Buildings —Maintenance New buildings Sites sales Contractors' deposits Contributions and subsidies First-aid outfits School Committees' funds in hand Kelburn Normal School Marlborough Sounds library Akitio County library Education Department's Trust School Committees' works Finances Adjustment Suspense Dr. Dr. 57 4 11 393 17 1 341 16 9 100 12 1 2,182 1 5 7,623 8 5 83 4 9 8 10 5 4,236 3 3 2,249 7 5 1,145 3 5 380 3 5 5,176 19 3 11,053 6 9 548 5 3 169 11 11 19,712 14 10 48,959 13 2 90 0 0 625 11 0 3,401 13 8 10 5 6 73 7 4 187 3 4 52 3 9 31 10 0 2,173 12 6 877 4 10 2,255 12 11 1,145 3 5 359 17 6 5,176 19 3 9.610 0 9 485 9 6 264 1 1 22,830 13 2 48,959 13 2 45 0 0 625 11 0 3,401 13 8 10 5 6 73 7 4 187 2 9 49 5 11 14 14 0 1,481 5 10 877 4 10 414 3 0 1.101 9 3 163 7 10 2,087 12 3 4,505 10 1 128 4 9 8 11 0 2 17 10 16 16 0 4,928 9 11 6 5 6 1 16 8 833 8 8 2,432 10 10 2,247 10 5 323 3 2 53 18 6 166 3 0 365 1 6 330 0 0 323 13 6 92 19 0 13 4 69 1 2 Total of special accounts General Account 12,093 18 2 20 1 0 358,300 15 8 7,734 5 4 356,908 15 3 7,179 7 3 13,485 18 7 574 19 1 5,849 11 5 12 2 2 323 3 2 500 0 0 1,402 0 0 Grand total 12,113 19 2 12,113 19 2 364,088 2 6 13.375 7 10 I 5,861 13 7 823 3 2 1,402 0 0 366,335 1 0

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NELSON. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

Balance-sheet, 31st December, 1927. Debit Bank Balances and Moneys owing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due to Board. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Amounts owing—Special accounts .. .. 729 14 2 Cash at bank on current account 2,175 6 2 Credit balances—Special accounts .. .. 5,389 1 1 Less unpresented cheques .. 591 18 8 Credit balance—General Account .. .. 427 8 3 1,583 7 6 Fixed deposits .. .. .. .. 2,000 0 0 Amounts dve— Special accounts .. .. .. .. 2,903 0 4 General Account .. .. .. .. 59 15 8 £6,546 3 6 £6,546 3 6

I Income. Expenditure. As at 31st December, 1927. Name of Account. Balance, 31st December, 1926. Balance. Amounts due to Board. I Due from Department. 'Duefrom other Sources. Amounts due to Board. Amounts owing by Board. Special Accounts. £ s. d. £ s. d. 65,192 0 9 2,479 12 2 99 7 0 1,836 4 8 4,115 8 0 £ s. d. 65,192 0 9 2,479 12 2 99 9 6 1,836 4 8 4,048 11 6 76l' 3 4 3,337 4 8 1,949 18 0 26 15 8 2 17 1 5,894 1 3 6,600 6 8 i 0 7 6 83 18 6 1,165 13 10 2,256 8 3 £ s. d. 2 9 2 508 7 7 10 2 5 357' 2 4 22 18 3 527 19 5 2,854 17 2 182 3 0 923 1 9 £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 28 7 6 Teachers' salaries House allowances School libraries Conveyance, &c. Grants to School Committees Teachers' classes Scholarships —National District High School salaries Manual instruction Technical instruction Rebuilding Buildings —Maintenance New buildings Sites sales Contractors' deposits Voluntary contributions and subsidies Nelson school-sites 2 11 8 441' 11 1 10 2 5 134 4 3 22 9 1 508 11 10 2,892 17 9 761 3 4 3,337 4 8 2,172 16 1 27 4 10 22 4 8 5,856 0 8 6,600 6 8 84 8 6 83 18 6 1,165 13 10 3,179 10 0 4 3 4 17 6 0 j 26 5 10 2 1 8 207 4 8 14 0 0 96' 0 0 32 19 2 13 5 0 60 10 0 321 8 10 270 6 7 98 2 0 29 19 6 264 16 5 .. •' .. 2,250 0 0 Total of special accounts General Account 4,110 10 1 494 9 2 97,013 4 4 3,164 11 3 95,734 13 4 3,231 12 2 5,389 1 1 427 8 3 653 0 4 29 9 0 2,250 0 0 30 6 8 729 14 2 Grand total . . 98,966 5 6 5,816 9 4 729 14 2 4,604 19 3 100,177 15 7 682 9 4 2,280 6 8 I

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CANTERBURY. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

Balance-sheet, 31st December, 1927. Debit Bank Balances and Moneys owing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due to Board. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Debit balance at bank .. .. .. 1,743 16 9 Cash in hand .. .. .. .. 29 16 S Amounts owing— Fixed deposits .. .. .. .. 6,128 15 0 Special accounts .. .. .. .. 14,199 1 6 Investments, &c. .. .. .. .. 4,333 411 General Account .. .. .. .. 40 13 6 Amounts dve— Credit balances—Special accounts .. .. 11.904 15 3 Special accounts .. .. .. .. 24,379 2 4 Credit balance—General Account .. .. 7,118 610 General Account .. .. .. .. 135 14 11 £35,006 13 10 £35,006 13 10

Name of Account. Balance, 31st December, 1926. Income. Expenditure. Balance. Amounts due to Board. Amounts owing by Due from Department, j Due from other Sources. Board. As at 31st December, 1927. Amounts due to Board. Special Accounts. Teachers' salaries House allowances School libraries Conveyance, &c. .. Grants to School Committees Training colleges Teachers' classes Scholarships — National Special District High School salaries Manual instruction Technical instruction Rebuilding Buildings —Maintenance New buildings Workshop Account Sites sales Contractors' deposits Jarvie Bequest Subsidies and voluntary contributions £ s. d. .. Dr. 61 12 6 28 15 2 91 17 0 2,412 13 5 860 0 0 .. Dr. 932 17 10 14,585 18 9 9 17 1 611 16 6 £ s. d. 286,080 3 0 5,947 19 9 444 16 9 12,780 13 6 17,221 0 11 36,607 10 8 2,130 3 6 484 3 0 12,050 11 0 12,168 18 0 232 5 8 30 0 0 23,273 10 8 33,674 7 5 12,698 7 0 124 15 0 7,457 15 2 £ s. d. 286,080 3 0 5,947 19 9 281 12 11 12,780 13 6 17,226 18 5 36,553 10 10 4 11 0 2,130 3 6 494 16 5 12.050 11 0 12,904 0 7 232 5 8 716 8 0 20,948 7 9 33,674 7 5 19,497 4 5 2 2 0 124 15 0 7,457 15 2 Dr. I £ s. d. 101 11 4 22 17 0 53 19 10 87 6 0 10 13 5 1,677 10 10 173 12 0 1,392 5 1 7,786 14 4 7 15 1 611 16 6 £ s. d. 52 2 1 469 0 1 265 1 8 6 2 1 871 10 8 2,344 18 7 7,757 19 10 200 0 0 £ s. d. 32 10 0 0 4 0 146 4 7 16 5 0 102 7 0 659 16 11 11,457 4 0 3 15 10 £ s. d. 15 3 4 983 18 4 33 0 10 95 18 8 15 18 4 676 10 0 100 17 2 6,914 12 6 5,087 3 2 25 15 11 1,250 3 3 Total of special accounts General Account 17,606 7 7 5,965 2 2 17,606 7 7 5,965 2 2 463,407 1 0 8,339 15 9 463,407 1 0 8,339 15 9 469,108 13 4 7,186 11 1 469,108 13 4 7,186 11 1 i: 11,904 15 3 7,118 6 10 .1,904 15 3 7,118 6 10 11,960 15 0 18 15 0 11,960 15 0 18 15 0 12,418 7 4 116 19 11 12,418 7 4 116 19 11 14,199 1 6 40 13 6 14,199 1 6 40 13 6 Grand total 23,571 9 9 i 471,746 16 9 i 476,295 4 5 1! 19,023 2 1 .9,023 2 1 11,979 10 0 11,979 10 0 12,535 7 3 12,535 7 3 14,239 15 0 14,239 15 0

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OTAGO. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

Balance-sheet, 31st December, 1927. Debit Bank Balances and Moneys owing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due io Board. £ s. d. £ s. d. Debit balance at bank .. .. .. 556 4 8 Cash in hand Amounts owing— Fixed deposits .. .. .. .. 1,000 0 0 Special accounts .. .. .. .. 11,998 1 6 Investments.. .. .. .. .. 4,255 14 2 General Account .. .. .. .. 146 18 7 ' Amounts dve— Credit balances—Special accounts .. .. 7,836 4 5 Special accounts .. .. .. .. 17,864 12 0 Credit balance—General Account .. .. 7,788 5 1 General Account .. .. .. -.. 5,205 8 1 28,325 14 3 £28,325 14 3

Balance, 31st December, 1926. Income. Expenditure. As at 31st December, 1927. Name of Account. Amounts due to Board. Balance. Board. Due from Department. Due from other Sources. Special. Accounts. Teachers' salaries House allowances School libraries Conveyance. &c. Grants to School Committees Training colleges Training Colleges Trust Account Teachers' classes Scholarships — National Special District High Schoo] salaries Manual instruction Balclutha High School Technical instruction Rebuilding Buildings —Maintenance New buildings Workshop Account Sites sales Contractors' deposits Other accounts | £ s. d. 10 4 9 0 3 11 200 0 0 20 19 10 454 2 0 2 13 4 2,021 4 2 98 15 4 3,305 4 0 926 2 11 135 19 6 226 12 10 220 5 4 3,420 9 1 £ s. d. 170,338 14 5 2,099 1 3 236 7 3 5,299 5 7 10,038 9 7 31,092 16 4 9 10 0 22 1 0 1.302 12 5 41 6 3 4,647 19 10 7,169 12 9 279 16 4 122 7 4 14 5 0 15,015 14 11 8,849 1 7 19,085 3 9 139 5 0 4,347 10 11 £ s. d. 170,322 3 6 2,087 9 7 245 15 10 5,299 5 7 9,951 6 0 31.078 16 3 9 10 0 14 4 8 1,302 12 5 32 1 0 4,639 13 7 7,404 9 2 279 16 4 120 6 3 3,031 4 2 15,059 5 8 8,847 4 1 19,197 15 0 139 5 0 4,295 10 0 i £ s. d. 16 10 11 11 11 8 0 16 2 87 3 7 14 4 0 200 0 0 28 16 2 • 463 7 3 10 19 7 1,786 7 9 100 16 5 288 4 10 882 12 2 137 17 0 114 1 7 220 5 4 3,472 10 0 £ s. d. 789 18 10 32 1 3 8 14 2 £ s. d. 155 13 5 £ s. d. 215 11 7 732 13 6 344 6 11 54 2 3 3 6 0 6 4 8 I 83 6 8 240 8 6 56 0 0 113 10 0 3,597 16 6 3,725 12 5 773 13 4 8,279 11 3 136 7 8 40 11 7 436 0 0 1,465 0 0 8,270 3 4 4 7 6 0 12 2 29 5 0 267 15 0 Total of special accounts General Account 11,042 17 0 7,512 17 11 11,042 17 0 7,512 17 11 280,151 1 6 11,127 6 6 280,151 1 6 11,127 6 6 283,357 14 1 10,851 19 4 283,357 14 1 10.851 19 4 7,836 4 5 7,788' 5 1 7,836 4 5 7,788' 5 1 4.926 3 5 30 13 11 12,938 8 7 5,174 14 2 11,998 1 6 146 18 7 Grand total 18,555 14 11 291,278 8 0 294,209 13 5 15,624 9 6 15,624 9 6 4,956 17 4 18,113 2 9 I 12,145 0 1 18,555 14 11 291,278 8 0 294,209 13 5

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SOUTHLAND. Statement of Income and Expenditure, and Assets and Liabilities, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.

Balance-sheet, 31st December, 1927. Debit Bank Balances and Moneys oioing by Board. Credit Bank Balances and Moneys due to Board. £s. d. Fixed deposits .. •■ ■• .. 3,750 0 0 Debit balance at bank .. .. .. 76 14 2 Amounts dve— Amounts owing— Special accounts .. •• •• .. 4,893 14 4 Special accounts .. .. .. .. 2,997 19 10 General Account .. .. .. .. 352 9 7 General Account .. .. .. .. 24 19 10 Credit balances— Special accounts .. .. 3,697 18 10 Credit balance—General Account .. .. 2,198 11 3 £8,996 3 11 £8,996 3 11

Name of Account. Balance, 31st December, 1926. Income. Expenditure. Balance. Amounts due to Board. ( Due from Department. I Due from other Sources. As at 31st December, 1927. Amounts due to Board. Board. Special Accounts. Teachers' salaries House allowances School libraries Conveyance, &e. Grants to School Committees Teachers' classes Scholarships —National District High School salaries Manual instruction Technical instruction Rebuilding Buildings —Maintenance New buildings Workshop Account Sites sales Contractors' deposits School-books for boarded-out children Subsidies Dr. £ s. d. 173 8 0 440 8 5 253 2 8 . 237 15 3 0 19 4 1,744 2 6 4,434 2 4 160 0 0 £ s. d. 102,495 11 8 2,304 11 1 474 14 9 3,019 2 11 6,680 19 2 220 4 10 1,985 12 3 4,598 9 4 46 11 0 59 12 8 13,540 7 0 4,765 5 0 ! 10,202 7 11 10 0 0 42 0 0 13 19 9 3,519 5 1 £ s. d. 102,495 11 8 2,304 11 1 533 16 6 3,019 2 11 6,567 8 4 0 5 8 220 4 10 1,985 12 3 4,447 7 1 46 11 0 1,615 7 8 15,470 6 10 4,765 5 0 10,202 7 11 42 0 0 13 19 9 3.519 5 1 I £ s. d. 114 6 3 553 19 3 252 17 0 £ s. d. i ii ii 29 10 6 818 11 5 ! £ s. d. £ s. d. 9 14 11 114 0 7 819 7 7 2 16 3 0 10 1 0 5 6 510 17 6 Dr. , 86 13 0 0 19 4 188 7 6 2,504 2 6 663 16 0 684 5 8 1,652 19 11 1 14 1 0 4 0 120 0 0 138 12 2 50 0 0 132 16 0 181 15 3 191 19 8 170 0 0 17 10 0 13 19 9 718 8 11 ! 1,016 6 6 Total of special accounts General Account 6,968 8 0 2,296 18 5 I 6,968 8 0 2,296 18 5 153,978 14 5 5,057 10 7 I 153,978 14 5 5,057 10 7 I 157,249 3 7 5,235 13 9 157,249 3 7 5,235 13 9 3,697 18 10 2,198 11 3 4,583 4 1 24 17 7 ! 310 10 3 327 12 0 2,997 19 10 24 19 10 Grand total " I ■ 9,265 6 5 9,265 6 5 159,036 5 0 159,036 5 0 162,484 17 4 162,484 17 4 5,896 10 1 4,608 1 8 638 2 3 3,022 19 8

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APPENDIX C. EXTRACTS FROM REPORTS OF PRINCIPALS OF TRAINING COLLEGES. AUCKLAND. I have the honour to submit my report for the year 1927. The numbers show an increase of fifty-eight on those of the preceding year. It is to be noted that no corresponding adjustment in staffing was provided for. The problem of providing an effective training for so great a number of students has made the year a very difficult one. Another difficulty that has repeatedly made itself felt throughout the year, consequent upon the increased numbers, has been the impossibility of getting quickly into touch, with the many individuals. Another difficulty which made the year a hard one was the lack of a second Normal School. I found it expedient to limit the number of students attached for training to any one school to six, and asked no teacher to train more than one at a time. Training easily becomes nominal; unless we can make it thoroughly effective I consider we are wasting much of what we are expending in other directions. Our difficulty has been one of keeping in touch with so many teachers so widely scattered. I should be both unjust and ungrateful if I did not acknowledge with thanks the services rendered by many of these teachers. The new system of training has discovered for us a number who have the ability, the tact, and the enthusiasm to train students excellently. It is a matter for regret that we are not able to eliminate from such work all who do not possess these qualifications. It is most desirable, I think, that students at the outset should come in contact only with the best, and no pains should be spared to provide, as far as possible, that this may be so. Staff. —No changes of staff have to be recorded for the year, and, except for the rather serious recent illness of Mr. D. M. Eae, Vice-Principal, the health of its various members has been good. Students' Health. —The year has been remarkable for the great number of short absences on the part of the students. These have been considerable during the last weeks of the College year, and seem to be associated in many cases with the work pertaining to examinations. Probably in many cases there is a want of sufficient balance in life throughout the year, and the reserve of strength is insufficient to meet the demand, made upon it when, the stress of pending examinations is being felt. Two students broke down in health immediately before the final College examination, each due, I think, to overwork in preparing for examination. Organization of College Work. —As in former years, students were organized in groups based on their year and their sex. Of men and women there were eighteen sections in all, averaging about twenty-five individuals in each. Each section was a class unit. For some work two units were grouped, and occasionally three. The general plan of working has been that adopted in former years — i.e., during the first half of each term the first-year students carry on their academic work on the first three days of each week, while the second-year students are learning to teach in the schools ; during the latter half of each term the position is reversed ; on Thursdays and Fridays all students work at academic work throughout the year, and on Saturday mornings first-year students attend lectures at College. University Work. —The University work of our students has been on the whole admirable. As in former years, a number have shown themselves capable of carrying on a good University course without failing in their obligations to the Training College. Each year a number who enter enthusiastically upon a University course find themselves overweighted before they heave progressed very far. This year the same fact is evident in several cases, and I think each year there will inevitably be some. However, on the whole the University successes of our students have been very creditable. Of the Auckland University College students who graduated during the year with a B.A. degree three-fourths of the number were past or present students of this College (thirty-nine out of fifty-two). One of our students won the only Senior University Scholarship that fell to the lot of Auckland this year. Emphasis on Music. —The most gratifying feature of our College work this year has been the success attending the fuller treatment of music as a College subject, made possible by the appointment of a full-time lecturer in this subject. Mr. Hollinrake came to us at the end of 1926 directly from Cambridge University, England, where he had just completed his own academic course. He has proved himself the possessor not only of tact and ability for his work, but also of unbounded enthusiasm for his subject. The result is highly satisfactory, for not only is good work being done within the walls of the College, but there is also evidence that its effect is also being felt in neighbouring schools which Mr. Hollinrake visits from time to time. Specializing. —lt is a matter for regret that it has not been possible this year to organize the work of the College in such a way as to provide for .students specializing in certain subjects. Life-saving. —I regret that it has not been possible to comply completely with the request of the Director of Education that all students should be taught life-saving. However, considerable work has been done in this direction. All the women students have learned (1) the method of resuscitation, (2) the land drill for rescue and release. In addition to this a very considerable number of women and men have received recently from the Life-saving Association certificates and medals in recognition of their efficiency.

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Termination of Kindergarten Class. —It is to be recorded. I think with great regret, that our kindergarten class of the Normal School is to cease its existence with the current year. This class, established many years ago, has rendered admirable service in the training of students as well as in the education of its children. Third-year Students. —For the first time in the history of the College we have had a number of students taking a third-year course. As the arrangement for their remaining in College came on us unexpectedly towards the end of the year, no well-organized scheme of work had been prepared. However, the students proved themselves individually capable of making good use of their time, and took full advantage ot the opportunity for useful study both in College and at the University. One regret in regard to the third-year course in 1927 has been the lack of sufficient opportunity for practice in teaching in secondary grade. In many ways the third-year students proved of great help in College, so that I hope it will be possible for us always to have some third-year students. Students' Social Life. —The students again have shown remarkably fine capacity for organizing their sports and general social life. The well-being of College is largely dependent on this. It is very satisfactory to realize that the majority of students are living a vigorous healthy life with its accompanying happiness. The senior teams in all our sports reached a standard of skill of which the College may well be proud. Once again I record my appreciation of the kindness, consideration, and courtesy of the Chairman and officers of your Board, and of the officers of the Education Department. To my own staff lam deeply indebted for their loyal and efficient service in a trying year, and I take great pleasure once more in expressing the admiration and pleasure with which I realize their unity and good-fellowship as the strongest factor contributing to efficient College work. WELLINGTON. I have the honour to submit the following report on the work of the College for the year 1927. New Students. —There was again a marked improvement in the qualifications of the Division A students admitted at the beginning of the year. Tt is obviously quite an opportune time to raise the standard of admission to that of the University Entrance Examination, which is recognized by all authorities as the minimum standard for entrance to the learned professions. Accommodation. —The most pressing need to-day is for increased accommodation in certain departments which are quite inadequately provided for. An additional laboratory for science work, staff-rooms and students' common rooms are urgently required to provide conditions suitable for efficient organization. Staff. —There have been numerous changes in the staff since 1926. At the end of the second term Mr. Gould resigned from his position as Principal of the College to become Professor of Education at Victoria University College. In his new capacity he becomes a member of the Board of Advice, and therefore remains closely associated with the work of the College. I was called upon to act in the capacity of Acting-Principal for the remainder of the year. Miss Aitken, Lecturer in English, left at the end of the first term for England to be married, and her place was taken at the beginning of the third term by Miss Paterson, M.A., Edin. Univ. Miss Joyce resigned her position as Lecturer in Naturestudy at the end of the year. Miss Sheppard and Mr. Thomas, who had been on the staff for four years as Lecturers' Assistants, terminated their connection with the College at the end of the year. Warden of Women Students. —A new departure was inaugurated by the Department in the creation of a Warden of women students in each of the Training Colleges. Miss Irvine-Smith, M.A., was selected for the position at this College. University and College Work. —Owing to the fact that science classes at the University are held during the daytime, the attendance of students at College lectures and at teaching practice is seriously interfered with. The provision of a thixd-year studentship for certain science students who elect to remain has not solved completely this difficulty, and the position still presents one of the unsolved, problems respecting our organization. Students' Teaching Practice. —There has been a distinct departure from the scheme operating last year. All student practice was previously limited to the Normal Schools and to such class-rooms where the associate teaching system obtained. This necessitated the placing of two or more students under each teacher almost continuously, with the result that the amount of actual training available to each student was all too limited. The new regulations requiring the schools of the city and its environs to provide teaching practice as required came into being at the beginning of the year. • The headmasters were asked to co-operate. In general, the plan adopted was as follows : The Kelburn Normal School and Thorndon Associate School continued as hitherto, but the number of students to each class-room was more restricted. The outside schools and the Colleges undertook for a month each term to place one student under one teacher as far as it was found necessary. Owing to the fact that travelling-expenses have not been allowed to students, the schools in the immediate neighbourhood have carried more than their fair share of teaching practice. A more equitable distribution of this work over all the schools could, be obtained at a very moderate cost to the Department if travelling-expenses were provided. With this one reservation as to the incidence of teaching practice it may be said that the new system is entirely satisfactory. This measure of success is due in no small degree to the wholehearted spirit of co-operation shown by the headmasters and their staffs. I cannot adequately express my appreciation of their efforts on our behalf. Model Schools. —The most important part of the students' teaching practice is that obtained in the model schools at Thorndon, since this is the commonest type of school the young teacher is called

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upon to control. It has been in. this department that our arrangements have been least effective, owing to lack of sufficient schools. For the number of students in training five such schools should be the minimum number to provide each student with a month's experience in country-school teaching. Library. —A gift of £25 for the library was received from Mr. J. L. Heckler, of the Wairarapa, from funds donated by him to the Board in memory of his brother who died on active service. The gift carried a pound-for-pound subsidy, and has enabled us to obtain a very welcome addition of books to the library. I desire to express my very great thanks to the donor for his generosity. The books will be labelled to indicate the purpose for which the money was donated. Social Service. —A very active social-service club has provided various entertainments throughout the year at such institutions as the Ohiro Home, the Ewart Hospital, the Incurable Ward at the General Hospital, and at the Seamen's Mission. Such voluntary service by the student indicates a very commendable sense of social responsibility. Additional Activities of the College. —There is a more far-reaching purpose back of the activities of that part of the week which is freed from academic subject-matter and teaching practice than mere recreation. We are attempting to develop each student's individuality, each student's special interests and abilities so far a-s possible. We are trying to train each in the use of his own peculiar abilities for the welfare of those with whom he will come into direct contact. Fields for such activities are provided in such clubs as glee, orchestra, appreciation, dramatic, debating, and social service. Sports activities in the direction of cricket, tennis, football, basketball, hockey, swimming, boxing, and athletics are afforded. There are very few students who do not display average ability in one or more of these forms of recreation. Thanks. —l desire to express my thanks to the Board for the support accorded me during the year. CHRISTCHURCH. I have the honour to submit my report on the work of the Christchurch Teachers' Training College for the year ending December, 1927. Staff. —At the beginning of the year Miss Dorothy Stewart, M.A., was appointed Lecturer in English in succession to Dr. Helen Richmond. Miss Stewart, after graduating in New Zealand, spent twelve months in Paris studying methods of teaching French, and then twelve months at London University Training College under Professor P. Nunn, specializing in English. She is thus especially well equipped to undertake the work of training students in those subjects. Mr. 'V A. Griffiths, M.A., Mum. Bac. (Cantab.), was selected from a large number of applicants for the position of Lecturer in School Music. Mr. Griffiths also comes to his work thoroughly well prepared to train students along the lines adopted in the English schools. At the beginning of the second term Miss Ironside resumed duty after twelve months' leave of absence in England, where she was for one term lecturer on the staff of the Avery Hill Training College for Teachers (London). During the month of August the Vice-Principal was released from duty at College in order to visit some of the schools in the district. His itinerary was arranged in consultation with Mr. McLeod, the Senior Inspector, and included (a) city, (b) suburban, (c) country schools. Another factor determining the choice of school was the presence of teachers who had been recently students of the College, so that some idea of the way in which they were tackling their work could be ascertained. The purpose of the visit was to make a general survey whereby (1) the Training College might be brought into closer touch with the work of the schools in order that the effectiveness of the training might be increased ; (2) the aims and ideals of the College might be discussed with Inspectors with a view to greater unanimity ; (3) the success of the Training College trainees in practice might be estimated. A good deal of very valuable information was gathered, and while in most of the cases the weaknesses exhibited by ex-students were those one expects from inexperienced teachers, there were some that showed where improvements were required in the process of training. These have been carefully tabulated, and will receive due attention. Among other things the head masters pointed out the necessity of more cohesion between the courses of study of probationers and the Training College courses, and they suggested that the Principal oi' the Training College should have some control over the course undertaken by the probationer during his pre-College year, so that his whole scheme of study might proceed without dislocation. It was also suggested that the Principal should issue a study scheme for probationers not taking a degree course, such a scheme to be preparatory to the Training College course of study. At the request of the Senior Inspector special attention was paid to those students not long out of College, in order to judge, if possible, how correct had been the Training College estimate of their teaching ability. This brings up the question of Training College grading. We feel keenly the impossibility of doing justice to students, and quite frankly admit that our grading, owing to the conditions under which teaching practice is carried on, must many times be incorrect. For instance, the control of the class is the staff teacher's, not the student's. A student may teach quite satisfactorily in such conditions and fail when thrown on his own resources. Again, students are extremely self-conscious and do'not do themselves justice while under constant personal supervision. We should be glad, therefore, to know that during the first year or two after the completion of the Training College course special consideration was paid to the grading allotted. We have always recognized that the provision made in College for training for rural work has been inadequate, and we regret that the Department could not see its way to afford the necessary facilities for railway travelling, which would have enabled us to use two one-teacher schools not far from Christchurch for practice-teacher purposes. That the time spent in the Junior Model by each

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student is quite insufficient was the general opinion expressed by those rural teachers who were visited during this year. Failing the increase of facilities, students must in future be classified, and only those desirous of becoming rural teachers sent into the model schools, and these must stay for a longer period than is now possible, so that they will know better how to distribute their time, how to frame schemes of work for grouped classes, and how to keep all the groups profitably employed. Apparently not much experimental work in the classes is being attempted, though there are noteworthy exceptions. In one or two cases good work is being done under a modified Dalton plan scheme. The use of class or group scrap-books ; the production of class journals ; the making of relief maps, models, and diagrams ; the decoration of walls with friezes illustrating historical topics ; the posting of geographic illustrations and data ; the use made of travel guides, magazines, and pictures, indicated that there is some attempt to break away from traditional practice. In addition to the visits paid by the Vice-Principal, arrangements were made to free the Lecturer in Geography and the Lecturer in History for two days a week for a month to enable them to see how their subjects were being taught, to give and to gather inspiration, to hold discussions, and. to give illustrative lessons. Both lecturers returned impressed by the value of the school experience and by the personal gain derived. Teaching Preparation. —In the professional subjects more time has been given to preparation for the work of teaching. In 1928 this emphasis will be still more evident. Very much more professional preparation will be required, especially in the second year, and students will be .expected to read more extensively in their own time. Considerable extension has been made in the classes for those proposing to become secondary-school teachers. This portion of the work is distributed among the members of the staff who are qualified instructors in the various subjects. The teaching practice has been carried on during the year at the Normal School, the Associated Normal School (West Christchurch), Richmond, Linwood, Phillipstown, Sydenham, and East Christchurch Schools, and for secondary-school subjects at the Girls' and the Boys' High Schools and the Technical College. Senior students had. three periods of five weeks each in the schools, and the reports indicated that in most cases very satisfactory work wa-s done. In addition, lectures in methods of teaching conducted by the Vice-Principal, the headmaster, and the critic teacher, and supplemented by demonstration lessons, have formed a very prominent part of students' training. DUNEDIN. 1 iin:: to report on the work of the Training College for the past year. The College opened with 230 students. Of these, 119 have their homes in Otago, 70 in Southland, 5 in Canterbury, 1 in Nelson, 1 in Taranaki, 29 in Hawke's Bay, and 5 in Auckland. New Zealand' University Results. —The Otago list of successful candidates, published 11th April, 1927, shows that the proportion of successes gained by College and ex-College students was as follows : Sixteen out of twenty-one M.A. degrees, one out of two M.Sc, twenty-one out of thirty-eight 8.A., two out of three Diploma Social Science, and three out of three Diploma of Education. Miss Louie Robertson gained the Tinline Scholarship in English—a rare achievement for a Training College student in competition with purely University students throughout New Zealand. Staff Changes. —During the year Mr. H. McMillan resigned from the staff of the Normal School, and was succeeded by Mr. J. P. Hawke, M.A. Mr. McMillan was a man of sterling character, and had been honourably associated with the Normal Schoo 1 for many years. He did his work thoroughly, and had an excellent influence on the pupils and. students under his charge. Miss Bagley was promoted from Model II to be mistress at St. Clair School. She was an enthusiast, keen on what is best in modern methods, and did very good work for both pupils and students. Her successor, Miss Foster, will not fall short of previous achievements in that department. Mr. Hawke has also made an excellent beginning. Other very important staff changes will occur early next year. Leave of Absence. —During the greater part of the year Miss Thornton was absent on travel, her work in the College being taken by Miss Allan. The following table shows the number of hour lectures provided for students in the various College subjects. It gives little indication of the number of lectures delivered by each member of the staff, as many lectures have to be repeated several times : —

Number of Nllrnhfirnf Number of Nllmb „ r of Sllbieot Junior and Hours Siihier.t Junior and Hours Subject. One-year P er Week ' One-year per Week. Students. ™iaents. j Students. !5tuaeuts - . . , , . . Education .. .. 4 73 3 ! Drawing .. .. j 93 , 121 2 and 1J Psychology .. .. 77 .. 1 Handwork .. .. 77 121 1 and £ Method —junior .. 93 .. 7 Needlework .. .. 55 .. 1 Method —senior .. 13 119 i Music .. .. 88 121 2 and 1 Method —secondary .. .. 30 \ Elocution and phonetics 72 .. 1 General science . . 75 .. 2 Sports .. .. 93 121 2 and 2 School and personal 93 .. 1 Physical education .. 93 114 1 and 1 hygiene Geography .. .. .. 99 2 " D" subjects— Nature-study .. 93 .. 1 Instrumental drawing 5 2 1 Agriculture .. .. 72 111 1 and 2 Theory of music .. 4 .. 1 History .. .. 79 68 1 and 2 Geography .. 1 .. 1 English " C" .. 44 8 5 Mathematics .. 4 1 1 English senior .. .. 109 £ Eirst-aid .. .. 14 .. 12 altoKindergarten principles .. 121 1 gether. Kindergarten practice .. 121 J Agriculture " C" .. 13 .. 2J

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Certificate Recommendations. —On the basis of University and College examination have made the following recommendations for second-year students : Nine students for the B certificate, eighty-eight for the C certificate, sixteen for credit towards C in four subjects, four for credit in three subjects, two for credit in two subjects, and one for credit in one subject. Many of those who have been recommended for a full C certificate will be entitled to promotion to B as soon as the results of the New Zealand University examinations are available. Most Division D students have completed their D certificate and made some progress towards qualifying for the C certificate. All Division C students have been recommended for B certificate. It is expected that as soon as New Zealand University results are available, all third-year students will be entitled to B certificates. General. —The conduct of students, both while in class and at other times, continues to be highly satisfactory. Most students work diligently, and many not only study and teach satisfactorily, but take a commendable interest in College life as a whole, including sports and social functions. No student is considered to have fully discharged his obligations to the College who does not support the Students' Association and make some contribution towards the general good. Every student should be a member of one or more of the College clubs. Sports. —All students, except those constituting the College orchestra, engaged in organized games on Thursday afternoons for the greater part of the year. The ladies played basketball or hockey, the men Rugby football or hockey. In addition to these we had regular swimming and life-saving practices for all students at the V.M.C.A. baths, under the direction of Mr. Hanna, assisted by Mr. Roydhouse and Miss Dickson. The swimming lessons covered a period of ten weeks —the seniors practising on Thursday afternoons, the juniors on Friday forenoons. Besides these regular sports arranged for in the College time-table, sections of students practised tennis, fives, boxing, &c, at such times as they found it convenient. Social Life. —The usual functions, including welcome and farewell picnics, socials, and dances, were held, and were organized and controlled by the students' executive. Experiments and Innovations. —The most noteworthy of these was, perhaps, the third-year-student group. For the first time in the life of the College (which has now been in existence for fiftytwo years) specially selected students were allowed to remain a third year at the Training College, with a view to their qualifying as teachers of science or mathematics. Sixteen students were selected. Of these, ten have kept University terms in chemistry, nine in physics, nine in mathematics (four at the advanced stage), one in botany, six in French, and one in mechanics. In addition, several studied the advanced stage of English, French, history, and education. Their University record was very creditable, there being only two failures out of a possible fifty-seven. These students practised teaching in the Normal and Associated Normal Schools, as well as in the Technical College and the Boys' and Girls' High Schools. In sports these sixteen students took a prominent part. Among them were found some of our strongest representatives in football, basketball, hockey, swimming, boxing, and debating. Specialization. —A beginning was made in this department. In the past it has been our aim to turn out teachers who might be described as general practitioners. In future this will continue to be our main business, but we shall also endeavour to send, out some teachers especially qualified to deal with particular aspects of school-work, such as singing, drawing, agriculture, science, handwork, geography, history, infant-room work, &c. Visits of Staff. —Members of the staff, as opportunity arose, have been visiting some of the city schools, and keeping in close touch with the work being done in the different subjects. It is safe to say that in most cases benefits have been both received and conferred. Physical Instruction. —For the past five or six months experiments in connection with physical instruction have been carried, out by Mr. White, assisted by Miss Tuckwell and Miss Dickson, and a group of students specially selected and trained. Considerable enthusiasm has been shown by all concerned, including several standards of Normal School pupils. Swimming. —This year a course in swimming and liie-saving was compulsory for all students. At the beginning of the course, fifty ladies and fifteen men reported as being unable to swim. At the end of the course all these, with the exception of three ladies, had learnt swimming. Others had learnt to dive, while the remainder had improved both in diving and swimming, and all had received instruction in life-saving. Needs of the College. —lt is hoped that additional accommodation, including art-room, handworkroom, and workshop, will be ready for occupation at the beginning of next session. Thanks. —I wish to tender my sincere thanks to all who have contributed towards the success of the College during the past year. Special reference might be made to tire staff of the Training College ; staffs of the Normal and Associated Normal Schools ; numbers of other teachers —primary, secondary, and technical—who assisted in the practical training of students ; the students' executive, which controlled social functions and assisted generally ; and the Education Board, whose support and prompt assistance in many matters of vital interest is much appreciated.

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APPENDIX D.

REPORT OF SUPERVISOR OF MUSICAL EDUCATION.

Sib, —- Wellington, 9th. March, 1928. I have the honour to present my report for the year ended 31st December, 1927. Music in Training Colleges.—During the year the musical instruction in Auckland and Christcliurch Training Colleges has been placed on a sound footing under Mr. H. Hollinrake, Mus. Bac-., and Mr. T. Vernon Griffiths, Mus. Bac., respectively. Both these gentlemen are doing admirable work with the students. They are also visiting certain of the schools in their immediate neighbourhood as musical advisers. In 1928 they purpose commencing special classes for teachers from the surrounding districts who desire help in music. In the Training College steps are being taken to allow facilities to students who desire to make a special study of school music. Some students have expressed a desire to take music as a special study during their third year. It is expected that early in 1928 whole-time Lecturers in Music will be appointed to Wellington and Dunedin Training Colleges. I should like to bear testimony to the good work done for many years in Wellington Training College by Mr. Robert Parker, who is about to retire from his duties there. Eurhythmies.—This work is steadily coming into prominence as a valuable feature in education ; as, although primarily for developing the musical responsiveness and perception of the pupil, it lias far-reaching effects upon mental and physical poise and control. For this reason it is of the utmost value for retardates, shy and subnormal children. I should like to see this study made a permanent feature in all four Training Colleges. Vacation Courses, dec.—ln January last I gave courses of lectures to teachers at the Cambridge summer school and at New Plymouth for the Taranaki Education Board. In May I gave similar courses at Napier and Gisborne for the Hawke's Bay Education Board. During the winter months I also gave a series of five special lectures to members of the New Zealand Educational Institute at Masterton. Other places visited during the year include Auckland, Aramoho, Christchurch, Dunedin, Eketahuna, Feilding, Greymouth, Hastings, Hawera, Hokitika, Kaiapoi, Pahiatua, Rangiora, South brook, Tawhiti, Waimate, Wanganui, and Whangarei. At most of these places addresses and demonstrations have been given to gatherings of teachers, and often to the general public and to various clubs and societies. Personal visits have been made to more than fifty schools. An address was given to the members of the Wellington Education Board on the 22nd June. Syllabus Revision.—On the request of the Syllabus Revision Committee a revised scheme for musical instruction was drawn up. Competitions. —A circular has been prepared on the above subject and submitted to the New Zealand Educational Institute, with a view to bringing the scope of the competition festivals into line with educational aims. The competitions exercise a strong influence upon the music of the Dominion, especially as regards the work of children, and present arrangements leave much to be desired. They can, however, be turned to good account educationally, as has been proved in Great Britain. Teachers' Music Examinations.-—A scheme has been tentatively drawn up for making the musical part of the teacher's certificate examinations of greater practical value. The principal aim of the draft scheme is to give opportunity for teachers to obtain special qualification in class singing, musical appreciation, and'infant work. Handbook of School Music.—The contract has been placed for the printing and publication of the official handbook of school music prepared during 1926-27, and it is expected to be in circulation among the schools early in 1928. The title of the book is " A Scheme of School Music related to Human Life," and it is designed to meet the needs of all those who take part in the giving of musical instruction in schools and training colleges. Free Song-book.—During the year the manuscript has been prepared of a book of songs to be issued free to the schools, by the kindness of Messrs. Andrews, Baty, and Co., Ltd., of Christchurch. This has entailed the editing of some three dozen songs, the writing of accompaniments and sometimes of words, together with explanatory matter. The songs include folk-songs, sea-chanties, national songs, songs of different countries, songs by great composers, songs by New Zealand authors and composers, and special songs for Anzac and Empire Days. Children's Concerts. —An orchestral concert was given to a large audience of primary-school children in Wellington Town Hall on the 16th August, at which I gave an address on the instruments of the orchestra and their use. By the kindness of Mr. H. Temple White and the Wellington Harmonic Society a concert of folk-song was given in similar fashion on the 23rd September, with an address oil folk-song. Both these concerts were received with marked enthusiasm. Education Gazette.—Articles on music have been contributed regularly to the Education Gazette, and songs suitable for school use inserted therein. Gramophones and Pianos.—During the year ninety pianos manufactured by Messrs. Jensen and Moore, of Auckland, and 245 gramophones (His Master's Voice and Columbia) were supplied to the schools through the Education Department. These figures alone testify to the strong interest now being aroused in musical education, especially in the direction of encouraging intelligent listening.

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In some schools the gramophone is proving that music used as an accompaniment to handwork and certain other studies has a markedly beneficial effect upon the happiness of the children and upon the work itself. Guidance as to the wise use of the gramophone is included in the " Scheme of School Music." Broadcasting. — A feature of the experiment in broadcasting to the schools made on the 13th December was a lecture on musical rhythm, and the singing of songs by a choir from the Wellington Girls' College. It has recently been demonstrated in Scotland that musical instruction, including actual class-singing lessons, can be effectively given to the schools by radio. If in the future radio should become part of the equipment of the Dominion schools, it will be possible to give actual singing instruction to remote schools from the studio at Wellington. Correspondence. —A considerable amount of correspondence has been dealt with, giving help and advice to teachers on many points connected with their musical work. General. —There is every indication that all over the country a new spirit is being aroused and a new viewpoint reached with regard to school music. The issue of the handbook should be a powerful aid in unifying aims and in supplying a sound and systematic scheme of instruction, and also in stimulating the thought and imagination of teachers with regard to the correlation of music with other subjects, and emphasizing its intimate association with every phase of human life. If at some future date we can follow the example of Great Britain and America, and introduce into the training colleges and schools the wonderful recording and reproducing piano we shall have yet a further valuable aid to the dissemination of musical knowledge. I should like to emphasize the fact that with modern industrial and commercial developments — machinery and large business concerns —the daily occupation of the masses has been deprived of its personal and artistic qualities to a large extent, and has become increasingly impersonal and mechanical, and consequently unsatisfying to the inner nature of mankind. It has therefore become imperative that we should supply these needs by study of fine and applied arts for the healthy and happy employment of leisure hours, and for the improvement of industrial and commercial environment. I have, &c, E. Douglas Tayleh, The Director of Education, Wellington. Supervisor of Musical Education.

Approximate Coit nf Paper. —Preparation, not given; printing (1,200 copies), .£92.

Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—ll)2B.

Price Is. 3d.]