EDUCATION: STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E.-4, 1924.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1925 Session I, E-04

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1925. NEW ZEALAND.

EDUCATION: STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E.-4, 1924.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

No. I.—EXTRACT FROM THE FORTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION. State Care op Dependent and Delinquent Children, Infants, and Applicted Children. The Special Schools Branch of the Education Department provides (1) for the maintenance, training, and general upbringing of neglected and homeless and orphan children committed by Courts to the care of the State, for the training of delinquent children and juvenile offenders, for the supervision of all young persons (male and female) placed on temporary probation by the Courts ; (2) for the supervision of all infants under the age of six years maintained apart from their parents or adopted with premium, for the general supervision of children for whose upkeep pensions are paid under the widows' pensions scheme, and for the investigation of applications for the adoption of children; and (3) for the education and maintenance of all afflicted children who are deaf, blind, feebleminded, or have speech defects. The total number of children under the supervision of the State in 1924-25 was 5,194, classed under the following headings :— Boarded out, industrial schools, receiving-homes, &c. .. .. .. 3,784 Juvenile probation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 376 Infant-life protection .. .. .. .. .. . . 704 Deaf children .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 97 Feeble-minded children .. .. .. .. .. 233 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,194 The number of children committed to the care of the State daring the period Ist January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925, was 514, classified according to reason for committal as follows: Destitution, 199; vagrancy, 3 ; associating with disreputable persons, 7 ; not under proper control, 161 ; uncontrollable (complaint by parents), 9 ; transferred from goal, 11 ; accused or guilty of punishable offences, 98 ; section 47 of the Infants Act, 1 ; and, in addition, 25 were admitted by private arrangement. Classified according to age at the time of admission the numbers are as follows : Under six months, 40 ; over six months and under one year, 15 ; from one to five years, 63 ; from five to ten years, 82 ; from ten to fourteen years, 63 ; and over fourteen years, 50.

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Numbers under Control. At the end of the year there were 3,784 children under control (excluding those mentioned under separate headings below), and of these 208 were in residence at Government receiving-homes, probation homes, training-farms, and training institutions, and 96 in private industrial schools ; 1,767 children were boarded out in foster-homes, 874 were in situations, and 512 residing under license with relatives and friends. The remainder were in various homes or institutions. Of the boarded-out children 79 are over the age of fourteen years and are still attending primary schools, 44 are receiving higher education (22 technical and 22 secondary), and a number are apprentices partly maintained by the State. The children over school age in employment number 732 males and 359 females (included in the total of 3,784). Of the males 528 are farm workers (150 skilled in dairy-work and cheesemaking, and 378 competent to milk and carry out general farm-work), 58 are apprentices, and 146 others are employed in various trades. Of the girls there are 299 domestic workers, 20 factory employees, and 40 engaged in various employments such as shop-assistants, nurses, dressmakers, typists, &c. Juvenile Probation System. The functions of Juvenile Probation Officers are to assist the Courts in ascertaining the full facts regarding parents, conditions of homes, and environment of all children brought under the notice of the police, to supervise and befriend any juveniles placed on probation by the various Magistrates, and to undertake, on the application of the parents, the supervision of any children who are inclined to become uncontrollable. In addition, all male inmates of industrial schools or training-farms placed in situations, or with relatives or friends, are supervised by the Juvenile Probation Officers. There were 1,572 cases dealt with by the Courts in the principal centres of population throughout the year, and of these only 471 were actually admitted to receiving-homes or training institutions, 376 were placed on probation and supervised in their own homes, and the remainder were dealt with generally in a summary manner not calling for supervision by Probation Officers. Infant-life Protection and Adoption of Children (Infants Act, 1908). At the end of the year there were 704 children being maintained in 584 licensed foster-homes. Of these, 485 homes each had one child, 81 had two children each, 15 homes had three each, and 3 homes had four each. The payments by relatives for the maintenance of each child ranged from ss. to £l 10s. a week, the average rate of payment being approximately 15s. Bd. a week. Adoptions. During the year 322 children were adopted, and in 32 of these cases premiums were received by the Department's agents and paid out at the rate of 15s. a week for each child concerned. Of the total number of children adopted, 73 were under the age of six months, 28 between the age of six and twelve months, and 158 between the age of one and six years. Care and Training of Afflicted Children. Deaf Children, Children with Defective Speech, and Mentally Backward Children. The pupils under instruction at the school for the deaf, Sumner, daring the year numbered 118, and of these 19 were day pupils and 99 boarders. The special day classes in Auckland, Wellington, and Dunedin for partially deaf children and for children with speech defects were continued with highly successful results. About 119 children attended the classes last year. Provision has also been made in these centres and in Christchurch for night classes for the instruction of the adult deaf, 55 persons afflicted in this manner attending the classes in 1924. Special Schools for the Feeble-minded. There are two such special schools—one at Richmond (near Nelson) for girls, and one at Otekaike (near Oamaru) for boys. The number of girls in residence at Richmond at the end of the year was 76, and the number of boys at Otekaike 157. These institutions are for children who are educable to a certain degree, but not at the ordinary public school.

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No. 2.—REPORT OF THE OFFICER IN CHARGE, INDUSTRIAL AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS BRANCH (INCLUDING AFFLICTED CHILDREN AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION). Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the work of the Industrial and Special Schools Branch for last year : — The Branch carries out the following phases of social-welfare work : — (1.) Maintenance, supervision, and training of all destitute, dependent, and delinquent children committed to the care of the State. (2.) Supervision of children and juvenile offenders placed on probation by the Courts. (3.) Supervision of all infants under six years of age maintained for payment apart from their parents or guardians. (4.) Supervision of children in cases where widows' pensions are paid by the State. (5.) Education and training of afflicted children over the age of six years. The definition " afflicted " includes deaf, blind, or improvable feeble-minded children, and children partially deaf or suffering from defective speech, and stammerers. The following figures show the number of children dealt with under the foregoing headings Nos. (1), (2), (3), and (5) : — Industrial schools, receiving-homes, and probation homes .. .. 3,784 Juvenile probation .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 Infant-life protection . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 Afflicted children— Deaf . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . 97 Feeble-minded .. . . . . . . . . . . 233 5,194 Boarding-out System. The majority of the children committed to the care of the State are not detained in institutions, but are boarded out in foster-homes situated mainly in suburban areas and in districts in close proximity to the smaller centres of population. At the end of the year there were 1,767 children boarded out —1,705 from Government receiving-homes and 62 from private industrial schools (Roman Catholic). Arranged according to the ages of the children the numbers at 31st March, 1925, are as follows : Under five years, 336 ; from five to ten years, 615; from ten to twelve years, 388 ; from twelve to thirteen years, 187 ; from thirteen to fourteen years, 162; and over fourteen years, 79. The rate paid to the foster-parents for the maintenance of each child is 15s. a week, but for infants under twelve months 17s. 6d. a week is paid. Each child is provided with a very complete initial outfit, the foster-parents being required to maintain the clothing at this standard. Medical attendance, medicines, and dentistry are provided by the Department, as also are school-books and school stationery. Upon Boarding-out Officers and Managers of Receiving-homes rests the responsibility of selecting proper homes and of supervising the inmates in these homes. No hard-and-fast rules can be laid down as to the type of home to be selected, or the number of times a home should be visited, or the methods of supervision. Much depends upon the personality, ability, and intuition of the officer concerned. Frequent visiting is advocated in the interests of the children, and as a general rule this is carried out: but the Department arranges a further safeguard by obtaining confidential reports every quarter from the headmasters or class-teachers of the schools which the children attend. Wherever possible, arrangements are also made for local honorary Lady Visitors to visit the foster-homes monthly, or more frequently if necessary, and generally keep a friendly eye on the children concerned. For certain types of dependent children there is no question that the boarding-out system is superior to all other systems of dealing with them. The fact that under the boarding-out system children have the opportunity of growing up as ordinary members of the community under decent conditions is in itself sufficient to commend the system apart from any other consideration in its favour. Associated with child-placing in families, it is essential that there should be cottage homes where remedial treatment and preliminary training in correct habits and discipline may be carried out. This is provided for in the receiving-homes for children and older girls, and in probation homes for boys. As these homes are of limited capacity, the period for which any one child is kept in residence is necessarily limited, but further provision is made at the Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa, and at the Caversham Industrial School for the accommodation for periods up to twelve months (or longer if necessary) of boys and girls respectively who after several trials at board or in situations fail to do well. The residential training institution is a very necessary part of the system, but no boy or girl is admitted to such an institution until the Department is fully satisfied that no other course is open in the interests of the inmate's future welfare and in the public interest. The success of the system of placing out children in family homes can perhaps be judged best by the fact that a very small number of these young people find their way into institutions such as Weraroa and Caversham. The average number in residence at Weraroa is eighty-seven boys, and the average number at Caversham thirty-three girls. These numbers include not only the failures under the placing-out system, but also

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a considerable number of young lads and girls who are either about sixteen years of age when dealt with by the Courts, or are actually over the age of sixteen years and have been convicted and sentenced to imprisonment and subsequently transferred from gaol to industrial school. Juvenile Probation System. An important part of the duties of the Juvenile Probation Officer (both men and women are employed in this work) is the investigation of the family history, conduct, and habits of the large army of children and juveniles who, for causes varying from destitution to delinquency, appear before the Courts throughout the Dominion. The table below gives not only the number of such cases under the various headings for the fifteen months ended 31 st March last, but also sets out in detail the decisions of the Court. Of the 1,572 coming before the Court, 101 were concerned in breaches of city by-laws, 471 were committed to the care of the State (mainly cases of destitution or dependency), and the remainder were charged with offences against the law —usually petty theft or breaking and entering and theft. Of these, 497 were placed under the supervision of the Juvenile Probation Officers for periods varying from three to twelve months. Of the total number, no less than 185 had convictions recorded against them. This fact alone indicates the pressing need for the establishment of children's Courts or Courts of equity throughout the Dominion such as are in operation in every civilized country. It is surely the duty of the State to provide protection and guidance and friendly supervision for the delinquent child rather than to mete out punishment by medium of a conviction in the ordinary Police Courts. Under our present system very little distinction is made between the offending child and the offending adult —both have committed offences against the law, and apparently both must be punished. The fact that so many juveniles appear every year before our Courts is in itself sufficient reason for serious concern. Inquiry concerning these cases indicates that in most cases the act that brings a boy within the scope of the law is the result of years of neglect on the part of his parents, of unrestricted liberty, and of the gradual growth of unchecked antisocial habits. Experience indicates that truancy, indiscriminate and unrestricted attendance at public entertainments (especially picture-shows), and street trading, such as selling newspapers and race-cards, &c., on the public streets at all hours of the day and night, are prolific sources for the production of juvenile delinquents. It is the opinion of our experienced social-welfare officers that the numbers of juvenile offenders could be very materially reduced if a system of supervising such cases in the incipient stages could be established. There is perhaps no more important social service among the young than that rendered by our Juvenile Probation Officers. From a social point of view probation may be said to be a process of educational guidance through friendly supervision. Mere surveillance is not probation. Probation is an intimate personal relationship which deals with all the factors of a child's life —particularly his home. Its chief function is to adjust the forces of the community to the child's life. The whole function of the probation and supervision of delinquent and neglected children is coming to be recognized as a positive method of treatment, as an active constructive force in the lives of the children under its influence. Probation is regarded less and less as a form of discharge, of " letting children ofE easy," an idea surviving with that of punishment. Delinquent children are put on probation because it is the most suitable educational influence for them. This conception of probation as a vital active force naturally carries with it the requirement that those who exercise this function —the Probation Officers —should be trained, sympathetic, and experienced men and women. They must measure up to high standards of character, personality, and ability ; they must know child-life, the problems of the family, local social conditions, and the use of social agencies. The Probation Officer must bring home to every child a feeling of the directing force of probation. The numbers dealt with by the Juvenile Probation Officers in the main centres during the period Ist January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925, totalled 1,572, and were dealt with as shown in the following table :—

•a ' iQ ti a) f-i <n ii i s ~ I s ss t .as I's ■s 1 ■§■§*, O. « g J » ft. Q •■- i 3 2o-2 ts si « 1 « V.° g ol I • s| • 03 ' § s District. * !l 8 § |a- ! s°-- al -ss"- 2 5 | 11 1 11 ! i'l 1 ill *i hi ij i§ 1 i l g l li § i-si i oil 31 ill. is n # q O OO O 0 co O co Q <J P3 _ - - . . : - . , _ . _ North Auckland .. .. .. 23 6 1 1 | | j .. .. Auckland .. .. ..Ill 9 3 4 11 .. ..!.. 4 2:5 2 South Auckland .. .. 23 1 3 9 1 1 1 1 1 . . 1 .5. ... Wanganui .. .. .. 29 4 1 .. .. 8 .. j .. .. 1 | 4 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. 34 .. 1 2 4 .. .. ! .. 5 Palmerston North .. .. 16 3 .. 1 ! 3 1 2 .. | 5 Wellington .. .. .. 63 3 9 3 : 1 .. 6 Nelson .. .. .. .. 10 1 3 .. J .. .. j West Coast . . ... .. 3 .. .. .. . . 3 .. .. .. .... ] North Canterbury . . .. .. 46 2 1 . . .. 1 .. 1 .. 6 South Canterbury . .. .. 26 4 .. .. 3 j .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Otago .. .. . . .. 58 .. .. 28 2 2 ! .. | 1 1 Southland .. .. .. 29 .. j .. .j ... j .. 1 Totals .. .. .. 471 33 22 48 j 25 | 17 1 j 1 8 4 j 6 36 1

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In another part of this report the particulars showing the revenue and expenditure in connection with the Costley Training Institution Trust are published. Under the will of the late Edward Costley a sum of money was set aside for the purpose of assisting State children during their periods of apprenticeship, or for purposes enabling such children to receive secondary education. At a later period the purposes of the Trust were varied to include any deserving child (not a State ward) who is recommended for assistance by the Department's local welfare officer. By an arrangement with the Auckland Branch of the Y.M.C.A. a Home providing accommodation for not less than ten was established in Auckland, and to this Home the Department, after careful selection, admitted ten State wards, who are now receiving secondary education. For each boy so maintained a contribution is made from the Costley Trustees. On the one hand, the Y.M.C.A. is responsible for the general management of the Home and the supervision generally of the boys, while, on the other hand, the Department's welfare officer watches the progress of the boys at the secondary school. The system is working exceedingly well, and, thanks to the personal and generous interest taken in the scheme by the Trustees of the fund and the officials of the Y.M.C.A., every opportunity is given the boys to become decent and useful citizens. Assisted Service, Higher Service, and Employment of State Children over School Age. At the 31st March, 1925, there were 61 inmates at service receiving assistance (assisted service in most cases refers to apprenticeship). There were 44 children receiving post-primary education— 22 secondary and 22 technical. In addition, there were 79 children over the age of fourteen years still attending the public schools and being maintained by the Department. Nature of Employment at 31st March, 1925, of Boys having left School. At the 31st March, 1925, there were 528 farm workers—lso skilled in dairy and farm work, and 378 competent to carry out general farm-work. There were 58 boys apprenticed as follows : 10 carpenters, 9 cabinetmakers, 6 bootmakers, 6 motor engineers, 5 bakers, 4- painters, 3 plasterers, 2 blacksmiths, 2 grocers, 2 ironmoulders, 1 tinsmith, 1 painter, 1 plumber, 1 motor-body builder, 1 wireworker, 1 wickerworker, 1 sheet-metal worker, 1 galvanizer, and I engineer. Boys otherwise employed (not apprenticed) totalled 146, as follows : 33 factory hands, 20 labourers, 15 message-boys, 13 shop-assistants, 9 telegraph messengers, 6 clerks, 5 drivers, 4 motor mechanics, 3 bakers, 3 gardeners, 3 railway employees, 3 printers, 3 electricians, 3 domestic helpers, 3 carpenters, 3 milkmen, 2 seagrass workers, 2 seamen, 2 plasterers, 2 laboratory assistants, 1 painter, 1 saddler, 1 Press reporter, 1 acetone welder, 1 butcher, 1 plumber, 1 metal-worker, 1 blacksmith, and 1 tiler. Nature of Employment at 31st March, 1925, of Girls having left School. There were 299 domestics, 20 factory employees, and 40 in other employment, as follows : 16 tailoresses, 8 shop-assistants, 7 clerks, 3 waitresses, 2 bookbinders, 2 furnishing, 1 dressmaker, and 1 nurse. This gives a total of 359 girls in employment. Preventive Work. An important part of the work of Juvenile Probation Officers, District Agents, Boarding-out Officers, and Lady Managers of Receiving-homes is that of adjusting conditions in homes and in connection with families in order to prevent the committal of children to the care of the State. As time goes on our district offices are gradually assuming the role of child-welfare bureaux of information and adjustment. The police, school-teachers, and social organizations frequently refer to our officers

-id % o By-law Cases. 3 * > « . I 'Zi £ <2© T3 -C ! ~3 _« . £> _< © X d C d d J=: • -• n-~ 03 53 03 District. "2 »■§ . a S§ R g 3 <- > d 'S £ 'C! T3 "S O rd bC T5 "O faO T3 - H jt £ Z <u o-t' yoofHaj © »-f <r> Sg. s-i § I .i §| ■§! il IJ a »• ££ l| § i I Is §•« Jj! §1 S| ! : 3 ■*< 3 fi fl'B : ofl ; OB -S o <1 "S *< is a "< r-j <j o. | o a 1 b North Auckland .. .. .. 6 6 2 1 j ! 46 Auckland .. .. .. .. 49 ! 82 21 4 j 26 .. .. i .. 332 South Auckland .. .. .. 29 50 6 1 7 .. .... .. .... 140 Wanganui .. .. .. .. 1 7 2 .. 1 [ 58 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. 7 19 1 .. 1 .. .. j .. .. j .. 74 Palmerston North .. .. .. 15 11 1 . . 4 .. .. i 5 .. ! 67 Wellington .. .. .. 91 43 16 3 1 .... 2 3 7 2 259 Nelson .. . . .. .. 2 2 10 .. 2 .. .. 1 32 West Coast . . .. .. .. .. 9 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .... 19 North Canterbury .. .. .. 27 10 .. . . 7 . . .. i 17 15 .. 1 i. 133 South Canterbury .. . . .. 23 19 3 .. 3 1 ..12 . . .. .. ■ 86 Otago .. .. .. .. 77 .. 6 1 11 .. 1 17 1 2 .. : 208 Southland .. .. .. .. 49 20 19 118 Totals.. .. .. .. | 376 278 88 6 48 1 1 70; 19 9 3 1,572

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for information and for assistance in the matter of adjusting undesirable or unfavourable conditions in homes where there are children, and in fact parents whose children are difficult to manage or are uncontrollable avail themselves of the services of our officers for the purpose of supervision and friendly guidance. A timely visit of a Probation Officer frequently saves a child from further trouble. Very often it is found that the parents are at fault, and in these cases the officer's duty is to point out plainly and clearly the parental obligations and responsibilities. It is gratifying to find that these visits frequently have satisfactory results. The following table shows the number of preventive cases notified by officers in the various districts during the period Ist January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925 : — tv , • , Number of Number of DlStnot - Families. Children. North Auckland . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 Auckland . . . . . . . . . . 21 24 South Auckland .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 13 Wanganui .. .. , . . . .. 13 35 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. .. 14 14 Palmerston North . . . . . . . . 9 9 Wellington .. . . . . . . . . . . 53 109 Nelson .. .. .. .. .. .. ..41 51 West Coast . . . . . . . . . . 7 29 Canterbury . . . . . . . . . . 45 68 South Canterbury . . . . . . .. 7 34 Otago .. .. . . .. .. . . 14 22 Southland . . . . . . . . .. 50 111 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 283 526 Admissions during Period Ist January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925. The following table shows the new admissions according to age : — Boys. Girls. Total. Under six months .. .. .. .. 28 22 50 Over six months and under one year .. . . 13 7 20 One year to five years .. . . . . .. 43 40 83 Five years to ten years . . . . . . . . 75 47 122 Ten years to fourteen years . . . . .. . . 109 32 141 Over fourteen years . . . . . . .. 68 30 98 Totals .. .. .. .. ..336 178 • 514 Table 14 attached to this report shows the new admissions classified according to the causes of admission. Of the total number (514), 199 were destitute, 161 not under proper control, and 98 had been charged with punishable offences. Of the children admitted under these headings all except 91 were placed out in foster-homes before the 31st March. Table 17 gives particulars of the character or state of the parents at the time of the admission of the children. From this table I have selected the following figures showing (1) the number of children of drunken parents, and (2) the number of children of feeble-minded parents: — Admission of Children on account of the Drinking Habits of one or both Parents. Drunken mother .. . . . . . . .. 8 Drunken father . . . . . . . . .. 21 Both parents drunkards . . . . .. .. 6 35 Admission of Children on account of the Mental Deficiency of one or both Parents. Mentally deficient mother . . . . . . .. 30 Mentally deficient father . . .. .. . . 5 Both parents defective mentally . . . . .. . . .. Nil. 35 An analysis of the new admissions for last year, grouped according to the characters or state of the parents at the time of admission, is interesting, for the results seem to indicate that, generally speaking, the child who is admitted on account of destitution or orphanhood, or whose parents have deserted him, comes either from an undesirable home or from morally unwholesome surroundings ; while, on the other hand, the child who commits an offence against the law and is regarded as a delinquent comes almost invariably from a good home. On more than one occasion the Department has been criticized for permitting orphans and destitute children to remain even as a temporary measure in the various probation or adjustment homes where juvenile delinquents are also detained, but in view of the facts disclosed in the following tables it is evident that in some instances at least

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there is need rather to protect the young offender from the pernicious influence of the orphan or destitute child who may have been rescued from drunken or immoral home conditions. For purposes of comparison three tables have been prepared showing —(1) Children admitted on account of destitution ; (2) children found to be not under proper control, or reported as uncontrollable by the parents ; and (3) children charged with offences against the law. In each case the parents have been divided into the following groups : (1) Dead, deserter, or unknown ; (2) good character; (3) bad or questionable character, including drunkards, feeble-minded, or physically unfit.

Particulars of Parentage: 1924 Admissions. 199 destitute children, representing 130 families. Character of parents described as —

Probation Work : Big Brother Movement. Over two years ago an organization known as the Big Brother Movement was inaugurated in Auckland by the Y.M.C.A. for the purpose of arranging for the supervision of juvenile offenders by young men selected for this purpose. Each case is investigated in the first place by the Juvenile Probation Officer, who reports the facts fully for the guidance of the Big Brother, who supervises the boy and reports monthly through the secretary of the Y.M.C.A. to the Juvenile Probation Officer. The results have been most gratifying. So far there have been few failures. The Big Brother Movement has also been taken up by the Roman Catholic authorities in Auckland, and now a carefully arranged system under the Rev. Father Bradley is functioning successfully. It is also gratifying to be able to record that the Big Brother Movement has been extended to the other chief centres of population—Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin —and to the smaller centres, such as Wanganui and Palmerston North. This movement may, I think, be regarded as the most important contribution on progressive lines that has been made of recent times by private effort to the community-welfare work of the Dominion, and marks the beginning of a system providing for sympathetic and practical co-operation between the Department's welfare officers and members of social organizations, a beginning that it is hoped will develop and extend in the direction of providing in the incipient stages for the friendly supervision, guidance, and assistance by private effort of the whole of the small army of young people who through the indifference of the parents, improper home conditions, or lack of proper environment are likely to develop along antisocial lines or become liabilities instead of assets to the State. Infant Mortality and Supervision of Illegitimate Children. The return of deaths among illegitimate children under one year published in this report is a clear indication that further steps should be taken to preserve the lives of illegitimate infants. Last year the number of illegitimate births in the Dominion was 1,338, while the number of deaths during the year was ninety-four, equal to 70-2 per 1,000. Compared with the death-rate among infants born in wedlock (38-6 per 1,000) the difference is startling and calls for some definite measures to prevent this human wastage.

Bad, Questionable, Dead, Deserter, or Good Drunkards, FeebleUnknown. ' j minded, and Physically Unfit. Father ........ 55 12 30 Mother .. . . . . . . 21 25 51 Both parents ...... 8 18 7 195 uncontrollable children, representing 121 families. Character of parents described as —- Bad, Questionable, Dead, Deserter, or n , Drunkards, FeebleUnknown. 00 ' minded, and Physically Unfit. Father ........ 26 27 36 Mother .. . . .. .. 26 25 34 Both parents . . . . . . 12 16 6 109 children accused or guilty of offences, representing 103 families. Character of parents described as — Bad, Questionable, Dead, Deserter, or n H I Drunkards, FeebleUnknown. 00 ' minded, and Physically Unfit. Father ........ 15 20 13 Mother ........ 13 13 8 Both parents ...... 5 49 8

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Out of 1,338 illegitimate births during the year only 210 were placed in licensed foster-homes under the supervision of the Department's officers, as provided for under Part V of the Infants Act, and of this number 2 died. The death-rate among illegitimate infants supervised by the State during last year was therefore 9-52 per 1,000. Taking the total number of infants (both legitimate and illegitimate) under twelve months (434) supervised by the State during last year, and the number of deaths (3) during the same period, the rate per 1,000 is 6-91.

Schools for the Feeble-minded. Numbers at 31st March, 1925.

Particulars of Expenditure for the Year 1924-25.

The net expenditure for the year 1923-24 was £9,023. The recoveries for the year compared with the previous year show an increase of £766 18s. 6d. I have, &c., J. Beck, The Director of Education. Officer in Charge, Special Schools Branch

No. 3.— SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF, SUMNER. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. Sib,: — I have the honour to lay before you my report for the period Ist January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925. The number of pupils under instruction during the year 1924 is shown in tabulated form hereunder. The school, owing to the outbreak of infantile paralysis, was not open till after 31st March during 1925. Boys. Girls. Total. Pupils of 1923 that returned to school .. .. ..51 47 98 Admitted during 1924 .. .. . . .. 14 6 20 Left during and at the end of the year .. .. ..14 7 21 On the roll, 31st March, 1925 .. .. .. .. 51 46 97 Received instruction during 1924 .. .. ..65 53 118 The numbers attending the special classes in Auckland, Wellington, and Dunedin were as follows : — Auckland. Wellington. Dunedin. Received instruction . . .. .. 39 52 28 On the roll, 31st December, 1924 .. .. ..14 20 28

Richmond. Otekaike. T . , j (Girls.) j (Boys.) In residence .. .. .. .. .. 71 142 213 On vacation .. .. .. .. .. 6 15 21 At service .. . . .. . . .. .. 3 3 In hospital .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 2 In probation homes .. . . .. . . . . 4 4 Missing .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Totals .. .. .. .. 78 167 245

Item. Otelcaike. Richmond. Total. Salaries .. .. .. .. 4,465 4 2 1,684 4 4 6,149 8 6 Advertising .. .. .. .. 21 11 6 14 15 11 36 7 5 Maintenance of buildings .. .. .. 771 7 4 22 13 6 794 0 10 Maintenance of institutions .. .. 3,544 10 2 1,029 11 6 4,574 1 8 Contingencies .. .. .. .. 5 15 0 .. 515 0 11,559 13 5 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. . . .. 315 4 9 11,874 18 2 Less recoveries .. .. .. .. .. 2,988 18 6 Net cost to Department .. .. .. .. 8,885 19 8

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The numbers on the roll in the lip-reading classes for adults were —Auckland, 19 ; Wellington, 17 ; Dunedin, 17. The total number of pupils who received instruction at the School for the Deaf and its special classes was 237 : this is exclusive of the adult classes. Cases of speech defects in and around Christchurch are taken at the School for the Deaf. The numbers last year were not large, the reason being that parents dislike sending their children the eight miles journey to Sumner for part-time instruction. It may later be necessary to establish a special class for these cases in Christchurch. The class conducted in Christchurch for teaching the adult deaf lip-reading had a roll number of over 30 and was well attended. In , this work I had the assistance of Mr. T. E. Chambers, first assistant teacher. The work of the school maintained the standard of former years. Those children that left at the end of the year may reasonably be said to have received an education which will fit them to take their places in employment alongside their more fortunate hearing fellows. The question is often asked as to what becomes of pupils of this school after they leave us. Information has been collected as to the employment, and the remuneration received, of about fifty of our ex-pupils. The following are taken at random from the list: W. S., employed in a cheesefactory at £3 10s. per week; J. S., a tailor, earns £4 per week ; W. A. is employed in a foundry at £4 per week ; H. W. is a cabinetmaker in receipt of £2 10s. per week ; C. P., a glassworker, earns £4 per week; N. M., a carpenter, gets the union rate of wages ; R. M., a printer, earns the union rate of wages ; A. S. is a letter-sorter on a mail-train and receives over £200 per annum ; H. H. has established a business for himself as a boot-repairer. A number of the girls are in remunerative employment at dressmaking, millinery, and bookbinding. A considerable number of ex-pupils are engaged in farmingwork, for which the training they received here in outdoor work has to some extent fitted them. I regret to have to report that in my opinion cases of deafness among children are not reported to the Department with sufficient promptitude. Children so deficient in hearing that they cannot be taught in class with other children are cases for this school, or, in some cases, for our special classes. It is the duty of school-teachers to report cases of deficient hearing to the Department, and it seems strange that they should appear ignorant of the existence of such children in their immediate neighbourhood. Last year I heard of two cases, one a girl of sixteen and the other a girl of ten, neither of whom had been reported to the Department. It is of the utmost importance that deaf children should be admitted to this school at about six years of age. The special classes in Auckland, Wellington, and Dunedin for the correction of speech defects and for the education of children slightly hard of hearing did valuable work during last year. It should be noted that children with speech defects tend to become retarded in their general progress through the standards. A close co-ordination is required between the special classes and the public schools. One of our special-class teachers visited three schools, spending part of a morning in each. She found in one school four cases of speech defects, five stammerers, and nine children with varying degrees of deficient hearing ; in another school six oases of speech defects ; and in a side school five cases of speech defects and one case of semi-deafness. Similar cases would probably have been found in other schools. It would appear from the above that quite a large field is open to the special classes connected with this school. At the Home Economics Exhibition held in Christchurch a well-filled stall of art needlework and woodwork was furnished by the pupils of this school. The exhibit was favourably commented on by the committee of the Home Economics Association and by visitors to the Exhibition. The large number of articles of art needlework were made by the girls in their spare time under the guidance and instruction of Miss M. Andrews, Assistant Matron. I have, &c., The Director of Education, Wellington. J. M. B. Crawford, Director. EXPENDITURE ON THE SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF, 1924-25. £ a. d. £ s. d. Salaries .. .. .. .. .. 5,629 15 5 Advertising, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 15 3 4 Maintenance of pupils and sundry expenses .. .. 1,792 16 7 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. 263 11 10 Maintenance of buildings, furnishing, &c. . . .. 216 8 3 Contingencies .. .. .. .. .. 596 — — 7,923 4 11 Less parental contributions and amount received from Hospital and Charitable Aid Boards .. .. 2,454 14 0 Income from investments .. .. .. .. 105 14 11 Sales of farm-produce .. .. .. .. 4 3 9 __ 2,564 12 8 Net expenditure .. .. .. .. . £5,358 12 3 The net expenditure for the year 1923-24 was £5,128.

2—B. 4.

No. 4.-STATISTICS: INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND PROBATION SYSTEM, AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS Table I.-Expenditure on Industrial Schools and Probation System, 1924-25.

Repairs to buildings .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,396 10 8 Salaries of staffs of homes, Managers, Probation Officers, visiting nurses, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20,677 0 4 Boarding-out of children— Payments to foster-parents .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 65,478 17 1 Payments to Postal Department as commission .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 613 8 6 Issues of clothing, &c. : From institutions, £1,817 lis. 7d. ; from central stores, £1,124 5s. 3d. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,941 16 10 Medicine, medical attendance, dentistry, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,550 16 0 ■ 71,584 18 5 Inmates at service— Issues of clothing, &c. : From institutions, £3,868 4s. 5d. ; from central stores, £1,119 19s. lOd. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,988 4 3 Miscellaneous payments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,185 4 6 6,173 8 9 Refund of maintenance payments .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 214 18 6 Refund of inmates' earnings .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 74 12 8 Rent, office requisites, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,115 11 1 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,981 14 8 Wages of inmates .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 18 7 Law-costs .... .... .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .... .. .. 57 8 10 Libraries .. • ■ • • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ■. .. .. .. •. 118 0 Contingencies •• •• •• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 16 11 Transfer and removal expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 89 10 10 Less recoveries— 113,266 16 0 Parents and others .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22,394 1 10 Sales of farm produce .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,387 1 10 Inmates' earnings for clothing, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,602 18 2 Deficient outfits .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 151 17 10 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,750 15 6 34,286 15 2 £78,980 0 10

E.— 4.

10

j Medicine, j Deduct Institution. Foodstuffs. Clot^f s and fndwtto,' o3£* Attendance,: Sundries. Total. . Total. I Sora?y I 3tocks ' ExpeudW Dentistry. | Board - *"*»• |£SSSj S1/3/l925 ' Receiving Homes — £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. | £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d- £ s. d. £ s. d. s. d. £ 8. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Auckland 263 9 0 76 19 1 81 7 8 I ' .. Ill 7 1 37 0 11 34 1 6 604 5 3 .. 604 5 3 21 17 1 16 11 9 .. .. 565 16 5 Hamilton .. 138 10 3 589 17 9 40 7 7 .. 7 13 1 78 2 0 22 14 7 877 5 3 1,032 8 4 1,909 13 7 152 12 4 759 4 5 20 0 10 1,002 4 9 24 8 9 Napier .. 195 12 10 283 8 7 56 8 2 .. 27 16 11 19 0 1 18 17 9 601 4 4 1.240 4 6 1,841 8 10 180 14 8 171 15 7 .. 1,464 4 11 24 13 8 Wanganui .. 146 13 9 159 5 4 50 17 11 .. 3 0 3 34 11 2 29 19 1 424 7 6 500 16 5 925 3 11 103 10 2 139 0 11 .. 493 1 4 189 11 6 Wellington .. 281 14 10 148 19 2 68 6 5 .. 12 1 0 53 1 11 25 12 1 589 15 5 1,413 4 0 2,002 19 5 313 1 8 107 17 4 .. 1,458 10 6 123 9 11 Christchurch .. 350 9 7 600 17 10 87 18 10 .. 18 8 8 46 15 5 29 4 7 1,133 14 11 1,429 8 7 2,563 3 6 491 5 6 70 11 11 .. 1,709 12 9 291 13 4 Probation Homes — Auckland 213 14 1 27 7 3 67 0 0 .. 6 15 11 84 10 4 33 1 2 432 8 9 .. 432 8 9 .. .. .. .. 432 8 9 Wellington 326 9 3 13 13 9 53 16 1 .. 9 8 1 21 12 5 23 1 8 448 1 3 ! .. 448 1 3 .. .. .. . • 448 1 3 Christchurch .. 209 13 11 288 0 5 57 14 5 .. 6 16 5 45 7 10 24 17 3, 632 10 3 i 349 4 4 981 14 7 136 3 11 263 16 11 .. 342 10 1 239 3 8 Dunedin 190 2 4 7 16 3 47 18 9 .. 9 10 1 69 3 10 16 9 0 341 0 3 .. 341 0 3 .. .. .. .. 341 0 3 Boys' Training- 625 19 7 1,762 10 4 257 0 7 1,164 1 5 25 2 4 54 9 5 79 12 10 3,968 16 6 1,701 13 4 5,670 9 10 60 7 10 1,589 12 7 .. 1,833 8 11 2,187 0 6 farm, Weraroa Boarding-out Office, 3 8 6 312 18 3 .. .. 0 5 6 1 16 7 1 8 5 319 17 3 882 1 10 1,201 19 1 79 4 0 232 3 6 .. 1,308 5 5 417 13 10 Nelson Industrial School, 557 14 8 925 0 6 154 7 3 .. 25 18 8 134 5 1 34 17 3 1,838 5 4 2,124 5 9 3,962 11 1 299 0 1 549 16 1 .. 2,753 17 7 359 17 4 Caversham Te Oranga Home .. 7 10 3 .. 9 10 0 .. 7 1<> 0 .. 999 .. 999 .. .. .. .. 999 Children's Home, .. .. 52 10 .. | 8 3 0 .. 60 4 0 .. 60 4 0 .. .. .. 60 4 0 Miramar ; Totals .. .. .. .. .. j ! .. 12,281 6 0 10,673 7 1 22,954 13 1 1,837 17 3:3,900 11 0 20 0 10 12,365 16 3 4,830 7 9 J . I L_

11

E.—4

In connection with the foregoing table it should be borne in mind that there are really only two residential institutions in our industrial-schools system —the Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa, for boys, and a section of the Caversham Industrial School for girls. The receiving-homes and probation homes are regarded as clearing-houses, where children are admitted for short periods for observation and treatment, if necessary, prior to being placed in ordinary homes in the community or in situations. These homes are also utilized— (1.) For housing children who for various reasons are changing from one home or situation to another, or who are sent in from country districts for medical or dental treatment, &c.; (2.) For children and young persons passing through from other centres or districts ; and (3.) For girls and young women in situations who spend their weekly half-holiday and occasional week-end days with the Matron of the home. The average number of children in residence at these homes is comparatively small, but an approximation of the work of the homes is given in the following return : —

Average Cost of maintaining Industrial-school Inmates for Year ending 31st March, 1925. £ s. d. Gross cost of maintaining industrial-school inmates .. .. .. .. 113,266 16 0 Less excess of liabilities, 31st March, 1924, over those of 31st March, 1925 .. 3,510 16 11 109,755 19 1 Less. £s. d. Direct expenditure on service inmates .. .. .. 1, 185 4 6 Issues from institutions and stores .. .. .. .. 4,988 4 3 Salaries of Probation Officers, Infant-life Protection Agents, Caversham Factory, aud proportion of Managers and office staffs of institutions .. .. .. .. .. .. 10,338 10 2 Travelling-expenses of Probation Officers, infant-life Protection Agents, &c. (estimated at two-thirds of expenditure, £5,981 14s. Bd.) .. .. .. .. .. 3,987 16 5 Refund of inmates' earnings .. .. .. .. 74128 Rent, office requisites, &c. (two-thirds of expenditure, £2,115 lis. Id.) 1,410 7 5 Law-costs .. .. .. .. .. . • 57 8 10 — — 22,042 4 3 Gross cost of inmates a charge on the State .. .. £87,713 14 10 Number of inmates maintained (including inmates in residence at Government Schools, boarded out, hospitals, convalescent homes, &c.) .. 2,151 Average cost per week per inmate — £ s. d. Gross .. .. .. .. .. ■. • • .. 015 8 Recoveries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 411 Net .. .. .. .. .. .. .. £0 10 9 The net cost to the State of maintaining children under the industrial-schools system is therefore 10s. 9d. per head per week.

a at u Number of Children Name of School. Aver f e .^ umber m actually Residence. passill g through. Auckland Receiving-home .. .. .. .. 14-83 186 Auckland Probation Home .. .. .. .. 15-74 184 Hamilton Receiving-home .. .. .. .. 8-34 230 Wanganui Receiving-home .. .. .. .. 10-13 68 Napier Receiving-home .. .. .. .. .. 7-87 64 Wellington Receiving-home .. .. .. .. 11-28 258 Wellington Probation Home . . .. .. 12-79 293 Christchurch Receiving-home .. .. .. .. 18-18 295 Christchurch Probation Home .. .. .. .. 13-40 167 Dunedin Probation Home .. .. .. .. 11-16 283 2,028

E.—4

12

Table II.-Average Cost of Victuals supplied to Government Receiving and Probation Homes, 1st April, 1924, to 31st March, 1925.

Auckland Auckland Hamilton Wanganui Napier — S Wellington i Wellington j Christ church Christchurch Caversham Dunedin \ n Month. Receiving- Probation Receiving- Receiving- Receiving- deceiving- Probation Receiving- Probation Industrial Probation o:TaJ? home. Home. home. home. home. Weraroa home. Home. home. Home. School. Home. Institutions - - — - - j April .. .. .. .. 10-65 17-14 9-28 13-56 13-94 12-05 9-42 10-65 12-25 8-76 8-09 8-54 11-19 May .. .. .. 12-53 12-70 10-42 14-31 13-48 11-47 12-01 19-27 8-35 9-60 8-03 9-57 11-81 June .. .. .. .. 8-68 12-76 8-93 6-23 12-03 10-28 12-87 10-16 9-45 10-02 8-20 9-93 9-96 July .. .. .. .. 10-03 10-11 9-98 6-65 12-91 9-74 13-11 12-10 9-23 10-90 9-47 9-35 10-29 August .. .. .. .. 10-85 10-56 10-45 7-63 11-61 11-51 10-23 10-90 8-45 10-84 8-93 8-32 10-02 September .. .. .. 13-60 9-91 9-60 8-94 14-10 10-70 14-10 15-68 8-92 8-89 8-58 8-98 11-00 October .. .. .. .. 11-70 9-15 8-32 8-31 18-25 11-30 8-38 15-86 10-34 9-06 8-90 9-21 10-73 November .. .. .. 10-31 9-34 9-44 9-05 16-92 9-70 18-90 12-15 10-38 10-90 8-95 9-61 11-30 December .. .. .. 11-42 10-90 8-23 13-34 19-90 9-73 18-20 12-00 12-75 13-75 10-22 10-00 12-53 January .. .. .. .. 10-05 11-18 7-44 8-00 14-50 9-71 9-00 10-25 10-66 11-13 7-57 8-92 9-87 February.. .. .. 11-70 11-38 8-76 7-80 17-20 11-10 13-64 12-64 9-73 10-64 ! 8-34 9-82 11-06 March .. .. .. .. 8-30 9-90 7-41 5-30 15-00 9-91 14-55 11-95 10-25 9-43 8-17 10-00 10-01 Daily average .. .. 10-82 11-25 9-02 9-09 14-99 10-60 12-87 12-80 10-06 10-32 8-62 9-35 Daily average cost of all institutions, 10-81d.

13

E.—4

Table I 1a. —Government Expenditure on Private (Roman Catholic) Schools, 1924-25. £ s. d. St. Mary's, Auckland .. .. .. .. .. .. 542 5 2 St. Joseph's, Upper Hutt .. .. .. .. .. 463 11 5 St. Mary's, Nelson .. .. .. .. .. .. 352 11 6 St. Vincent de Paul's, Dunedin .. .. .. .. .. 176 14 10 £1,535 2 11 Table I Ib.—Government Expenditure on the Maintenance of Inmates sent to other Institutions, 1924-25. £ s. d. Salvation Army Home, Grey Lynn .. .. .. .. 10 11 5 St. Joseph's Convent, Napier .. .. .. .. .. 127 Institute Notre des Missions, Christchurch .. .. .. .. 29 17 7 Salvation Army Home, Christchurch .. .. .. .. 4 18 3 St. Mary's Guiid, Wellington .. .. .. .. .. 13 10 0 Essex Street Home, Christchurch .. .. .. .. .. 0 10 0 Victoria Home, Invercargill .. .. .. .. .. 390 £63 18 10 Table I 2.—Gross Recoveries from Parents and Others. 1923-24. 1924-25. Industrial schools .. .. .. 21,871 3 5 22.072 14 8 Special schools .. .. .. .. 5,760 18 7 4,633 19 9 Charitable Aid Boards (special schools) .. 2,886 19 4 2,163 17 1 £30,519 1 4 £28,870 11 6

Table I2a. —Cash Sales of Farm-Produce, 1924-25.

I I • ! . Boy's Training-farm, Special School, , j m ' j Weraroa Otekaike. i - a . £ s. d. £ s. d. f s. d. Cheese.. .. .. .. 0 16 i .. 016 Butter and butterfat .. .. 207 6 10 .. 207 6 10 Milk and cream .. .. 968 7 5 ! 197 9 7 1,165 17 0 Poultry and eggs .. .. 144 17 2 32 8 4 177 5 6 Fruit and vegetables .. .. 139 1 8 1 29 11 5 168 13 1 Sheep, cattle, beef, and mutton .. 311 6 0 249 10 6 560 16 6 Wool .. .. •. • ■ 158 10 4 60 6 0 218 16 4 Timber .. .. .. .. 246 3 0 246 3 0 Boot repairs .. .. .. .. i 12 5 6 12 5 6 Hides .. .. •• •• 23 10 0 33 15 1 57 5 I Pigs .. .. .. .. 125 5 7 97 8 8 222 14 3 Cereals, hay, straw, &c. .. .. 7 .14 6 .. j 7 14 6 Mats and baskets .. .. .. 205 0 1 205 0 1 ChafEcutting and threshing .. 237 18 6 .. 237 18 6 Sundries .. . • • ■ 28 0 10 82 11 8 110 12 6 £2,352 0 4 £1,246 9 10 £3,598 10 2 ; I

E.—4

14

Table I3.-Numbers under Control at 31st March, 1925.

Government Schools. I g « Eh. fi ' PS • fl * 2 I 5® «* ® © .2 3 oT op c o . 5 o £ 0 - © • o . ■g es os a 3 3 -g ,2 a. -ti 53 s -g © ~ ft g ft s s • s c -s § ctj 5C S" a Se «"« ft •»"« 53o3 o *5? K® ® S . 9 c n - sS 2? S§ s§ 41 Wg 41 s's Is II W. II 4l igM si If Particulars of Children belonging to the Schools. ;9jS 1 d3 o3 fl § „ 'rSs-S s 5 ooS ;§ "* ?. Is ?§ 2l 3* : E| 3* fl* loe «1| >1 Is Ssi' II il r r f II f I| r 1| a ! I ! f f f* «§ l| g i 3« 33 a, S3 So « £§ I £ g £ £ ft ° f B. la. B. 1 B. I G. j B. B. G. 1 B. B. G. B. B. G. I B. I B. G. ! B. ■ I B. B. G. B. B. j G. B. I ; : l 1 i 1 i i I I 1 I ■ l In residence .. .. .. 4 11 8 5 j 1 .. 6 3 .. 3 4 87 6 8 6 Boarded out .. .. .. .. 35 41 . . 170 138 14 57 45 .. 36 27 .. 53 46 .. 77 47 .. .. 163 108 . 34 29 At service .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 16 .. 26 42 .. 13 82 . . 18 48 .. 5 45 .. 15 97 .. .. 56 43 .. 15 33 With friends .. .. .. 15 14 9 32 35 18 8 ; 10 8 10 11 15 ; 13 9 22 12 7 11 .. 18 29 19 2 2 6 Under guardianship .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 •• •• •• •• 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .... 3 3 .. .... In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 .. 1 1 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 2 .. .. 2 1 3 1 .. .. .. In mental hospitals .. .. .. ' * ' 1 1 •• . .. In refuges or cognate institutions .. 5 1 • • •. I 1 In orphanages, cottage homes, &c. .. 1 2 .. 6 7 .. In probation homes .. .. .. 16 .... 1 Absent without leave .. .. .. .. ■■ 2 2 .. .. .. 1 4 .. 1 7 .. .. 11 10 .. .. 1 : 1 In gaol At Special School, Otekaike .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 9 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 12 11 .. 7 2 .. 3 At Special School, Richmond .. .. 11 3 11 .. .. 8 In H. M. Navy .. .. .. 1 Temporarily at Hamilton Receiving-home 1 Totals .. .. .. .. | 50 60 25 234 231 94 71 70 92 | 53 60 68 71 69 76 91 73 119 113 ! 207 227 80 I 38 54 43 ill ' t ! i

E.—4

15

Table I3.-Numbers under Control at 31st March, 1925-continued.

Government Schools. Private Schools. All Schools. S - C •. g o-£ o • . -3 o o asca 1 4 1 1 H Ml 11 2 a i • 1 s 1 a -2'S « 2 « bp g 3 0>- -SH £ so <3 2 ° •« tfj 2 (3 M ® § ,w c Particulars of Children belonging to the Schools. liljS a J | oo% © * Totals of all Schools. n it 1 li r |i P j ri |i <* a n |e « fl |o a | ® >-50 t-5 M Hi . B. 6. B. B. j G. B. B. I G. : B. B. G. B. B. G. B. B. G. G. B. G. G. B. G. In residence .. .. .. .. 1 19 4 33 9 12 22 2.4 7 10 11 158 146 304 Boarded out .. .. .. .. 15 10 .. 159 111 2 28 35 .. 100 67 .. 25 33 .. 32 28 2 1,000 767 1,767 At service .. .. .. .. 3 .. 61 79 3 27 .. 39 40 .. 12 20 6 16 6 1 2 582 292 874 With friends .. .. .. .. .. 1 6 5 7 20 17 6 14 4 8 16 13 3 3 9 12 25 3 1 4 303 209 512 Under guardianship .. .. ,. .. 1 j 4 1 .. 1 11 6 17 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. .. .. 5 • • 2 5 .. 12 17 29 In mental hospitals .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. j 1 .. .. 1 ..1 6 5 9 14 In refuges or cognate institutions .. .. .. 3 j .. .. 13 .. ] .. .. 5 .. .. 1 2 .. 31 31 In orphanages, cottage homes, &c. .. .. . . .. .. 1 5 [ .. .. .... 1 .. .. .. . ■ • • .. ■. .. .. .. 8 15 23 In probation homes .. .. ., .. .. .. ... I 3 .. ] .. .. .. j 3 .. .... .. .. 1 j .. .. .. .. .. 24 .. 24 Absent without leave .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. 1 1 1 41 4 45 In gaol .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. 4 1 .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. 1 4 5 At Special School, Otekaike .. .. 5 ..16 2 .. 4 8 .. 9 2 94 .. 94 At Special School, Richmond .. . . .. .. .. .. j .. 4 | .. 2 .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. 43 43 In H.M. Navy .. .. .. j .. .. j .. .. " | .. 1 .. 1 Temporarily at Hamilton Receiving-home .. j .. j 1 .. 1 Totals .. .. .. .. 16 17 8 I 177 229 115 36 54 36 122 183 73 29 48 30 66 : 96 39 8 12 21 2,241 1,543 3,784 !

E. —4.

Table I4.—Admissions during the Period 1st January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925, classified according to Causes of Admission.

Table I5. —Admissions during the Period 1st January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925, classified according to Status at 31st March, 1925.

Table I6. —Admissions during the Period 1st January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925, classified according to Number in Residence at 31st March, 1925.

16

I § J" J .J t|| =! «I -sf •§! si i|| si\ O 'Ow do o so O S * ° ?H 3 _ £3 ri£ A . -w <u o,q ga -h -*?/? ajz sW So .SM 5dt afl I g g> 3 § it f-jjf If I| 1.2 1| I- ll ftSl I® Totals - Admitted as 2'£ JS-S .f g! ■£.£ i> ® 5* *i s f 1 P 1 ej p ! i 61 If |! Q | a l^l a £ « I w ig I « £_ 0 * £ js *1 B.jG.j B. B. G. B. G. B. G. B. B. G j B. B. G. B. ! B.J G. B. j B. G. G. B. G. Destitute.. .. 22 8 2 4 7 1 3 12 5 ..22 17 2 18 23 1 18 21 .. 3 10 .. 105 94 199 Vagrant .. .. 1 .. X 1 2 1 3 In disreputable I 13.. 2 1 3 4 7 associations Not under proper 24 21 10 7 j 1 10 5 14 1 2 9 6 2 2 5 .. 19 11 1 6 i\ 1 106 55 161 control (com- [ plaint by police) Uncontrollable (com- .. ,.| 2 j 3 .. .. 1 1.. 11 !.. 4 5 9 plaint by parents) Accused or guilty of 1 1 16 5 \ .. 3 .. 7 .. 25 1 2 14 4 3 4 5; .. 6 1 .... 92 6 98 punishable offences Transferred from gaol .. 1 8 J 2 1 .. 8 3j 11 By private arranga- 14 2 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 41 3 22 1 ..1 1 .. .. I .. 16 9j 25 meat Section 47, Infants 1 | .. .. 1 1 Act Totals .. 48 35 30 17 8 17 12 34 6 37 21 27 37 6 45 38 8 1014 1 336178 514

, _ f ~ ' " co &g§ l£ §! . £& I 1 „a s§| * s ® o Ph Ph — c n Ph c is fc — M "§"£ £ • & m'3'2 "SfS ® lC Totals. 03 . jf _i- ft ~ j« ow TJ u. Status. I 1 |1 §SS § |§ 11° Isf "if g^ 1 $> I* sit S§S III | V s I go p ns»nz;t>«j<! H w B. G. B. j G. B. G. | B. | G. B. G. B. G B. G. B. G. G. B. j fi. j Tn residence .. .. 14 5 1 31 11 2 2 29 I 3 .. 2 I .. 82 20 102 Hoarded out .. .. 83 80 1 1 3 4 55 27 1 2 12 1 155 115 270 At service .. .. .. 2 5 11 4 1 1 36 .. 2 .. 4 .. .. 56 10 66 With friends . . .. 3 4 6 .... 5 2 .. 1 12 9 21 In orphanges, cottage homes, &c. .. 1 3 .. .. 1 1 4 5 In refuges or cognate institutions 3 ..... . 2 .. 5 5 In hospitals, convalescent .. I 1 1 homes, See. In mental hospitals .. 1 1 .. 1 At Special School, Otekaike .. 1 4 5 J .. . . 11 .. 11 At Special School, Richmond .. .. 1 1 2 2 Missing .. .. 2 2 | .. 2 Discharged by warrant 2 2 .. 2 2 4 Adopted . . .. .. .. 1 I I Written oif the books 11 8 . . .. 1 11 9 20 Died .. .. .. 2 1 3 .. 3 Totals .. .. .. 105 94 2 1 3 4 106 45 4 5 j92 6 16 9 8 j 3 1 336 178 514

Government Schools. Schools A " Sclloola - ® ® ® ® bo eg § 2 12 "3 2 "o « S g S £ Q S.SPt-lSdOrCSlrCjS o 9 g 13^ T3 O Uu O® a O O "C4C3 0° Oh- 1 £ I P >3 S "?? & -rj +3 a a js oW oxi uA -a 2 3 A -D W b W eg « CM >>£ c a 2 eJ kV Cfl - :tf hf, c3 .2 in 2 ® t£ vV W> 2 bi) 2 H rC 00 S _ fe re « 3 Admitted as || || g| || || jj || || || || S| f| l|i |« ~ -JJ'QJ ■<* 5 W® 2£ K- .o i S h n Q_o +J 5£-<r < ~ w o > & o ofe J>o ■§ £ £ £ -£ o3 H -° co s 3 s I iS <3 £ £ °£ i°2 •g s ■o S<« RPHWWM PH PH p-i P-I B. G.l B. B. G. B. B/G. B. I B.J G. B. !B.!G. B. G. B. B. ! G. G. B. [ G. ? oth I | | j i | I I Sexes. Destitute .. •■ 1 • • 3J.. .. 4 .... 1 3 1 .... 1 2 2 1 14 5 10 Vagrant.. .. 1 1 1.. 1 Not under proper control 2 4 8! 2 1 .. 2.. 9 1 3 .... 2 .. 1 2 5.... 31 11 42 (complaint by police) Uncontrollable (complaint j 11 1 1 I 2 2 4 by parents) Accused or guilty of punish- .... 3, 1 18 .... 4 1 2j 1 .. .. 29 1 30 able offences ! Admitted by private arrange- | 11.. 1 .. .. 3 .. 3 ment j Transferred from gaol j 2 .. j 1 .. j 2 1 3 Totals .. .. 3 4 14 3 1 4 3 1 32 4 4| 5 l| 4 1 3 4 8 2 1 82 20 102 I | | "♦Ji-cl _

E.—4.

Table I7. —Admissions classified according to Parents' Circumstances and Character.

The numbers of children admitted were —From Auckland, 110; Wellington, 73; Dunedin, 50; Ghristcliurcli, 49; Invercargill, 25; Wanganui, 22; Napier, 21 ; Timaru, 15 ; Rawene, 15; Hamilton, 10 ; Lawrence, 8 ; Waimate, 7 ; Gisborne, 6 ; Taihape, 6 ; Oneliunga, 5 ; Nelson, 5 ; New Plymouth, 5 ; Rotorua, 5 ; Hastings, 5 ; Blenheim, 5 ; Otautau, 5 ; Taupo, 4 ; Whakatane, 3 ; Houhora, 3 ; Ohakune, 3 ; Asbburton, 3 ; Masterton, 3 ; Lower Hutt, 3 ; Palmerston North, 2 ; Maungaturoto, 2 ; Te Awamutu, 2 ; Hawera, 2 ; Otaki, 2 ; Oamaru, 2 ; Naseby, 2 ; Greymouth, 1 ; Whangarei, 1 ; Helensville, 1 ; Tauranga, 1 ; Te Aroha, 1 ; Tauniarunui, 1 ; Waihi, 1 ; Waipawa, 1 ; Port Awanui, 1; Tokomaru Bay, 1; Wairoa, 1; Opotiki, 1 ; Tolaga Bay, 1 ; Peilding, 1 ; Pahiatua, 1; Hunterville, 1 ; Ormondville, 1 ; Rangiora, 1 ; Putaruru, 1 ; Reefton, 1 ; Westport, 1 ; Takaka, 1 ; Chaney's, 1 ; Temuka, 1 ; Kaikohe, 1 ; and Thornbury, 1. The records show that of the total number of children admitted 26-3 per cent, were known to be illegitimate.

3—E. 4.

17

Reasons for Committal of Children. <D *o "5 co O fl o 5 rj ■+= ® So? >»a £ d a 6 12 (2 I *S Fathers describe as Mothers described as -g a -»o l 2'S>> rhO • & •§ i § 2-gS 25 l§ Total. s I * §§ 5 o-S a.s ®-S i3 Q > r S 0eS M a ; §* * i it i! n i 1 o o on, in tH a, o a PH w .Dead .. .. Dead .. .. 6 .. .. 5 .. 4 i 15 „ .. .. Good .. .. 4 .. .. 7 .. 8 1 .. .. 20 • • Bad .. .. 1 .. 2 i | 3 „ .. .. Questionable .. 2 .. .. 2 .. 1 .. .. ..I 5 „ .. .. Mentally weak .. 1 .. .. 1 ... .. ,. j 2 Good .. .. Dead ' .. .. 1 1 3 2 6 I 2 2 . 17 „ .. .. Good .. .. 18 1 .. 9 3 45 3 4 83 „ .. .. Bad .. .. 2 .. .. 1 .. 2 1 .. .. 6 „ .. .. Questionable .. 3 .. .. 4 .. j 1 .. .. 8 ,, .. .. Addicted to drink 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 „ .. .. Mentally weak .. 4 .. 6 1 1 .. ,. .. 12 „ .. .. Deserter .. .. 2 .. 3 .. 1 1 .. .. 7 „ .. .. Character unknown .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Bad .. . ■ Dead .. .. 3 .. 3 .. 2 1 .. .. 9 „ .. .. Good .. .. 2.. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 4 „ .. .. Questionable 2 .. .. .. .. .. 2 „ .. .. Addicted to drink . .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 „ .. .. Mentally weak .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 „ .. .. Physically weak .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 „ .. .. Deserter .. .. 1 ] .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Questionable .. .. Dead .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. 3 .. Good .. .. 5 .. .. 4 .. 4 13 „ .. .. Bad. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. ,.| 2 „ . . .. Questionable .. 5 .. .. 3 .. 6 .. 1 . 15 „ .. .. Addicted to drink 1 .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 1 „ .. .. Mentally weak .. 2 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 3 „ .. .. Deserter .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 3 Addicted to drink .. Dead .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. ., • • 1 „ .. Good .. .. 1 .. .. 6 .. 3 .. 1 .. 1 11 „ .. Bad .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 „ .. Questionable .. 2 . . 1 1 .. .. .. .. 4 „ .. Addicted to drink 2 2 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 6 ,, .. Physically weak .. 1 .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. 4 Mentally weak .. Good .. ! 3 .. .. 1 .. .. 4 ,, .. .. Deserter .. .. j 1 .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. 1 Physically weak .. Dead .. .. 2 .. j .. .. 2 .. .. 4 ,, .. Questionable ..II .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Deserter .. .. Dead .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 „ .. .. Good .. ..Is.. ... 3 .. 1 .. .. .. 12 „ .. .. Bad . . .. I . . .. .. .. . . . . . . , . I. ,, .. .. Questionable .. 1 j .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 2 „ .. .. Addicted to drink 2 j .. ..... .. .. .. .. .. i 2 „ .. .. Deserter .. .. 2 1.. ..13 .. .. .. .. .. I 5 Character unknown .. Dead .. .. .. .. I 1 .. .. 1 .. ..! 2 „ .. Good .. i .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 ,, .. Bad .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. ., .. ; 2 „ .. Questionable .. 2 : .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 3 ,, .. Addicted to drink .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 ,, .. Mentally weak .. 3 ] .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 ,, • .. Deserter .. .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 3 „ .. Character unknown .... 1 . . 1 1 .. .. I 3 Identity unknown .. Dead .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 2 ,, .. Good .. .. 5 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. . . 6 „ .. Bad .. 2 .. .. . . .. .. 2 ,, .. Questionable .. 9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 „ .. Addicted to drink .. . . .. .1 . . . . 1 „ .. Mentally weak .. 7 .. .. I .. .. .. .. .. 8 s, .. Physically weak .. 1 .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . I „ .. Deserter .. . . I .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 2 „ .. Character unknown 1 .. .. 1 .. .. 2 Totals .. .. 130 3 4 88 7 94 19 9 1 355

E.—4.

Table I7a. —Admissions classified according to Religious Belief.

Table I9.—Inmates discharged from Industrial Schools during the Period 1st January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925.

18

(Magistrates after hearing the evidence direct in what religious denomination children committed are to be brought up.) a a a & *g 0 -1 *s ° 60 a' a .% ■« j "2 S -3 13 rO J, t>|'J 9 ? § 5 Js a "H 5-a a j -il a fc; a .2 53 <§ <!P3 Ph S 02 PQ 3 O O P&H Number .. 259 139 67 19 11 5 4 4 1 5 514 Percentage .. .. 50-4 27.0 13-0 3-7 2-3 09 | 0-8 0-8 0-2 0-9 100*0 Table 18.—Deaths during the Period 1st January, 1924, to 31st March, 1925. Age. | Status at Death. Certified Cause of Death. ! School to which belonging. Yrs. ins. [ 0 7 In residence .. Broncho-pneumonia, convulsions .. .. I Auckland Receiving-home. 0 9 In hospital . . Gastro-enteritis, cardiac failure j .. .. Wellington Receiving-home. 15 „ .. Pneumonia and pericarditis.. .. .. „ 1 9 At board .. .. Accidental drowning ..f| .. .. ,, 1 9 „ .. .. Acute diarrhoea .. . .*? .. .. Christchurch Receiving-home. 2 7 In hospital .. Post-diphtheric bulbar paralysis, broncho-pneu- Wellington Receiving-home. monia jglk,,J 5 4 At board .. .. Diphtheria .. jp| .. .. .. Under guardianship, Boardingjj *> out Officer, Whangarei. 5 9 „ .. .. Accidental drowning _ .. .. .. Napier Receiving-home. 7 1 ,, .. .. Tuberculosis of lungs .. .. .. Auckland Receiving-home. 10 0 In hospital .. Pneumonia following measles .. .. [ St. Mary's, Auckland. 11 0 In residence .. Acute nephritis, urjemia, and coma .. ..I „ „ 30 8 At special school, Tuberculosis of lungs .. .. .. I Caversham Industrial School. Richmond

8 2-9 § 'S S? 2 • 9 .2~ .2 afd .2.2 a" » 0 4J*S.S 2 6 -S -£ R .9 +3CJ0-If O+a-gtfiS O ® jll £ a •§ t &S t JS r Sj 8» flS IS > ° es o I | $ s'g s sg> « ail °fc gs . s? 1 ■g-s (§ «! (S h - fi S •§§ '3 £ T««—S W _ _ •--. _ , —< 7 cfl —i wc3 bC to —4 -73 . V fl •-■< lT S .H h * pj — ' bD H .H J . £ o o Particulars of Discharge. .£« a m g. |g j* .8® «g 9® ag a g .91 "§x» •sja ®s -gs -is =a =1 Sa •« |a "I 11 ®«I -,„s as 1> > sC M a 5 a o >5 flO >S "o O i5 i" 3 v® E? n §* £§ §1 §w 3 I- 0 S° §.« o° a- p® j* S®* g.i B : G. B. B. G. B. B. G. B. G. B. B. G. B. B. G. B. B. G. B. B. B. G J III 11)11 I III ' By warrant- .. 1 11 5 8 12 14 10 151 .. 5 18 .. 3 7 1 1 3 1 2 22 15 3 8 By death .. .. 11 .. 1 1.. 2 2 2 Attained the age of 7 .. .. l| .. 1.. .. 2 1 1 1 l .. 4 twenty-one years Married .. 2 .... 2i .. 4 1 2 Adopted .. 1.... 2 2.. .. 2 2 1.. 2 2.. .. 3.. 3 1.. .. 2 3 Written off .. 2 4 5 1 7 1 .... 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 Totals .. 4 6 10 12 31 15 12 20 4' 12 19 2 7 8 2 6 3 4 3 23 1 17 11 21 1 1 j ; 1 •■§ I § ,j -s I •§ « g s 5 ° 3 | °rc 1 p § J Ig g 1 £ § If ! « li I *§ 2 .. M ew ° g 's ,o 0 . ,o «- % "S -a5 rj . rt ® M o -a§ 43= O > "5 n " ©fc 3 3 o <u £> S 2 ®FH •+= J3 R bX) >h R § g- ?. y 2 ? o hq g 5 ? • a Pj tap © »h p^iParticulars o( Discharge. fig ao Jag f& SS -gW ag '3 £ jao a® a" ® 6 II3 f 5 » F » » P 5! 9 ii I II » 1 1 > Wcot-jW OQWt-j Q fioappi-s H H B. G. G. G. B. G. B. I G. 1 B. ' G. ' B. ! B. G I B. ' G. i B. ' G. B. I B. G. I I CQ D 1 ! ! ! 1 ' 1 i ! L 1 I I I I » 1 "co ■ | ] i I By warrant ... 24 13 .. 2 13 1 7 12 1 9 . 1 12 : .. 1 6 3 6 180 86 266 By death 1 .. 1 7 5 12 Attained the age of 1 1 7| .. 1 2 ' .. S) 2 1 .. 1 .. 8 35 43 twenty-one years Married .. .... 1 2J 1 15 15 Adopted.. 1 .. .. 1 I 3! 1 2 3 .. .. 17 21 38 Written off .. 4 4 1 2 24 19 43 Totals .. 29 15 1 2 13 1 3 23 13 2 11 2 25 4 2 9 4 6 236 181 417 ! ii'ii (__! 1 j_

19

E.—4

Under the provisions of the Industrial Schools Act, 1909, power is given for the detention beyond the age of twenty-one years of any inmate who, upon application being made to a Magistrate by the Manager of the school at the direction of the Minister of Education, is found to be morally degenerate or otherwise not (in the public interest) a fit person to be free from control. In the fifteen years since this Act came into operation there have been ninety-five orders issued exending the period of control, sixty-nine of the inmates concerned being girls. The Act provides for extension for four years, and gives power to the Court on similar procedure to renew the order from time to time for a period of four years. It is expected that the number of those over whom authority beyond twentyone years will be needed will always be small in proportion to the whole number of inmates ; but the value of such an enactment in respect of the remainder who have to be detained is obvious, both in their own interests and in that of the community at large.

No. S.—INFANT-LIFE-PROTECTION STATISTICS.

Particulars of Children admitted to and removed from Licensed Foster-homes during 1924.

Rates of Payments by Parents or Guardians. An account of the rates paid is given in the following statement: — 2at the rate of ss. per week. 2at the rate of 225. 6d. per week. 7 „ 7s. 6d. „ 15 „ 255. „ 48 „ 10s. „ 1 „ 30s. 7 ~ 10s. 6d. ~ 1 adopted with premium disbursed at 1 „ lis. ~ the rate of ss. per week. 3 ~ 12s. ~ 1 adopted with premium disbursed at 75 ~ 12s. 6d. ~ the rate of 10s. per week. 1 ~ 13s. ~ 1 adopted with premium disbursed at 1 ~ 13s. 6d. ~ the rate of 10s. 4d. per week. 1 ~ 14s. „ 12 adopted with premium disbursed at 308 „ 15s. „ rate of 15s. per week. 9 „ 15s. 6d. „ 1 adopted with premium disbursed at 2 ~ 16s. ~ rate of 20s. per week. 1 „ 16s. 6d. ~ 1 where only occasional payments are 47 ~ 17s. 6d. ~ being made. 1 ~ 18s. ~ 8 for whom no payment is being made. 147 „ 20s. The following is a comparison of the rates paid during the last six years :— 1919. 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. Under 7s. per week .. 7 2 2 4 3 2 7s. and under 10s. per week 53 22 11 5 1 7 10s. per week .. ' .. .. 368 240 133 105 65 48 Over 10s. per week .. ~ 376 531 508 579 580 615

4—E. 4.

« | lO | O ~§ , ""3® ® ® ® ! T3 ® 2 fl o *2 £ bp C W) S bio c M ! fl bfi § ® § ® * <1 <1 =8 <1 «8 <j =« <1 « C5 bO bH <N M«h «m Och K-fbD <D fl ° S3 ° C ° fl ° ■ fl ° <0 s-s ® 8| s e § s s § : 8 s s-g » ■5° fe§ i* g M fegiSg §° « 3 Id pH "S >SH IdkH Id >X ! ~CD t 5 "* O o P pg M ffl j M ffl | PQ H On the books at 31st December, 78 88 169 118 83 85 63 .. 6841923 Placed in licensed homes or trans- 186 82 92 56 46 40 25 2 529 ferred from other districts during 1924 — Totals .. .. 264 170 261 174 129 125 88 2 1,213 Withdrawn from homes — Removed by parents or guar- 35 51 87 59 46 37 35 16 366 dians Deaths .. .. .. 2 1 1 . . 1 .. . . . . 5 Adoptions without premium.. 3 4 13 7 4 5 2 .. 38 In homes to which exemption .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. 2 was granted during 1924 Brought under the operation of 2 2 5 4 2.1 2 1 19 the Industrial Schools Act Written of£ the books for vari- 2 1 11 6 8 5 2 44 79 ous causes (including those who attained the age of 6 years Total withdrawals .. 44 59 117 76 61 49 42 61 509 On the books at 31st December, 70 96 143 115 103 96 59 22 704 _ _ '

E.—4.

Foster-homes. The 704 infants in foster-homes at the end of the year were distributed as follows In 485 homes, each having one child .. .. .. .. 485 ~ 81 ~ two children .. .. .. . . 162 „ 15 ~ three „ .. .. .. .. 45 ~ 3 „ four ~ .. .. .. 12 584 704 Six of the homes were those in which children were boarded out by Charitable Aid Boards. The total number of licensed homes was 913, so that at the end of the year there were -329 homes in which for the time being no infants were boarded. Children under Sixteen Years of Age in Exempted Institutions. From information received from thirty-three private institutions (one a day nursery only) there were 1,647 inmates under sixteen years of age at the 31st August, 1924. The following table shows the parentage of same : — Both Parents One Parent t> . dead. Jiving. Both Ilvm S" Boys .. .. .. .. .. 98 415 247 Girls .. .. .. .. .. 124 463 300 222 878 547

Total, 1,647. Exempted Institutions.

20

Foster-homes. The 704 infants in foster-homes at the end of the year were distributed as follows In 485 homes, each having one child .. .. .. .. 485 ,, 81 „ two children .. .. .. . . 162 ,, 15 ,, three „ .. .. .. .. 45 „ 3 „ four ,, .. .. .. 12 584 704 Six of the homes were those in which children were boarded out by Charitable Aid Boards. The total number of licensed homes was 913, so that at the end of the year there were 329 homes in which for the time being no infants were boarded. Children under Sixteen Years op Age in Exempted Institutions. From information received from thirty-three private institutions (one a day nursery only) there were 1,647 inmates under sixteen years of age at the 31st August, 1924. The following table shows the parentage of same : — Both Parents One Parent t, ,, . dead. living. Both Ilvm S" Boys .. .. .. .. .. 98 415 247 Girls .. .. .. .. .. 124 463 300 222 878 547 Total, 1,647. Exempted Institutions. Admissions, nnoj . llo 1Q0/( On the Books at 1924. JJeatns, iyz4 33st December, 1924. CO S3 • c/j <® • 2 • 2. 02 • £ MO . p fg S) D£ a . p< g . g<! g . Name of Institution y $> coo S & a §, ©o 3™"" 7o< 1'BVi S3w I •§ d co-< fl ia r.2'2 55° l| So II S3* go || i'S** 1 l| o§e | || sga ■§ II (1.) (2.) (3.) (4.) (5.) (6.) (7.) (8.) (ft) Salvation Army Boys' Home, Russell .. .. St. Mary's Industrial School (Girls'Branch), Auckland 22 .. .. 12 St. Joseph's Orphanage, Takapuna, Auckland .. 19 ■ • • ■ 11 Orphan Home, Papatoetoe, Auckland .. .. 7 Children's Home, Ponsonby, Auckland .. .. 8 10 Methodist Orphanage, Mount Albert, Auckland .. 3 6 Leslie Orphanage, Remuera, Auckland .. .. 5 5 Manurewa Children's Home, Auckland .. .. 4 14 St. Mary's Home, Otahuhu, Auckland .. .. 23 31 56 5 2 7 15 18 41 Salvation Army Home, "The Grange," Heme Bay, Auckland Salvation Army Maternity Home, Auckland .. .. 3 1 5 3 4 Salvation Army Children's Home, Hamilton .. 17 i 27 Cook County Women's Guild Creche, Gisborne .. .. .. 1 10 3 Salvation Army Maternity Home, Gisborne.. .. .. 2 .. 2 1 Salvation Army Samaritan Home, Gisborne.. .. 4 4 Children's Home, Palmerston North .. .. 5 .. .. 4 Manawatu Willard Children's Home, Palmerston North 4 8 Salvation Army Bethany Home, Napier .. .. .. 5 1 13 1 .. 1 4 10 St. Hilda's Home, Otane, Hawke's Bay .. .. 3 3 Wanganui Orphanage, Gonville, Wanganui .. .. 2 Salvation Army Boys' Home, Eltham .. .. 1 • 1 St. Barnabus' Home, Khandallah, Wellington .. .. 9 3 12 21 St. Mary's Home, Karori, Wellington .. .. 9 13 St. Mary's Children's Home, Lancaster St., Karori, Wellington .. .. 3 3 Residential Nursery, Newtown, Wellington.. .. .. 3 13 166 2 .. 12 Presbyterian Orphanage, Berhampore, Wellington .. 5 7 Levin Memorial Home, Wellington.. .. .. 2 3 St. Joseph's Orphanage, Upper Hutt, Wellington .. 39 32 Home of Compassion, Island Bay, Wellington .. 15 6 40 2 6 19 9 63 Salvation Army Girls' Home, Owen Street, Wellington 4 4 Salvation Army Boys' Home, Island Bay, Wellington 2 1 St. Mary's Orphanage, Nelson .. .. .. 3 16 Methodist Orphanage, Papanui, Christchurch .. 7 17 Nazareth House, Christchurch .. .. .. 7 13 Sacred Heart Orphanage, Mount Magdala, Christchurch 9 16 St. Saviour's Home, Shirley, Christchurch .. .. St. Saviour's Guild Home, Nayland Street, Sumner 18 15 52 2 3 6 7 24 Salvation Army Maternity Home, Christchurch .. .. 4 2 6 2.. 2 1 3 10 Presbyterian Orphanage, Papanui, Christchurch .. 7 7 Children's Convalescent Home, New Brighton, Christchurch 37 10 St. Saviour's Orphanage for Boys, Otipua Road, Timaru .. j Salvation Army Boys' Home, Temuka .. .. 3 4 Children's Rest Home, Mornington, Dunedin .. .. .. 4 58 Grant's Braes Home, Anderson's Bay, Dunedin .. 7 .. . ■ 6 St. Mary's Orphanage, Mornington, Dunedin .. 2 St. Vincent de Paul's Orphanage, South Dunedin .. .. 1 2 9 .. .. 1 1 2 17 Salvation Army Maternity Home, Roslyn, Dunedin .. ,. 11 .. 11 1 1 3 4 8 Salvation Army Home, Anderson's Bay, Dunedin .. 5 14 Presbyterian Orphanage, Gordon Street, Inveroargill 2 3 Viotoria Memorial Home, Inveroargill .. .. .. 3 1 9 2 .. 6 Totals .. .. .. .. 97 80 695 13 2 21 49 50 495 Of the above 495 children, 15 have no parents living, 52 have a mother only, and 84 have a father only. The remainder (344) have both parents living.

21

E.—4

Deaths in Foster-homes and Exempted Institutions. Of the 1,213 infants who were at one time or another on the books as being in foster-homes during 192-1, 5 died in hospitals to which they had been removed for treatment. Three of the five were under twelve months of age, and three were of illegitimate birth. As shown in the table above relating to exempted institutions, there were 21 deaths in 1924. The following is a statement of the number of deaths during the time that the infant-life-protection system has been in the Department's charge :—

Adoptions during the Year 1924. During the year 320 orders of adoption were made ; 32 of the adoption orders provided for premiums, and 288 were without monetary consideration. One order rescinding a previous adoption was also made during the year. The following shows the ages of the adopted children : —■

Foster-homes. Exempted Institutions. Year. I I Number of I Number of Percentage of Number of j Number of Percentage of Deaths, j Infants. Death*. Deaths, j Infants. Deaths. I I " i " ~ j j j j 1908 .. .. 26 J .017 2-56 .. No records 1909 .. .. 25 1,181 2-11 .. 1910 .. .. 26 1,183 | 2-19 •• 1911 .. .. 13 1,183 ! 1-09 47 899 5-23 1912 .. .. 12 1,228 0-98 .36 911 3-95 1913 .. .. 13 1,330 0-98 18 984 1-82 1914 .. .. 20 1,423 1-40 37 944 3-91 1915 .. .. 14 1,440 0-98 11 1,026 1-08 1916 .. .. 17 1,250 1-36 9 939 0-96 1917 .. .. 12 1.361 0-88 15 1.136 1-32 1918 .. .. 6 1,341 0-44 15 955 1-57 1919 .. .. 10 1,403 0-71 13 1,050 : 1-24 1920 .. .. 14 1.306 1-07 19 1,002 1-89 1921 .. .. 6 1,318 0-47 17 1,118 1-52 1922 .. .. JO 1,243 0-80 16 887 1-08 1923 .. .. 6 1,243 0-48 20 1,076 1-86 1924 .. .. 5 1,213 i 0-41 21 1,175 1-78 I I I

Age. With Premium. Premium. Total ' Under 6 months .. .. .. .. .. 15 59 74 Between 6 months ancl 12 months .. .. .. 5 23 28 1 year and 2 years .. .. .. 4 41 45 2 " „ 3 „ .. .. .. 4 33 37 3 „ 4 „ .. .. .. 2 34 36 4 „ 5 „ 1 24 25 5 „ 6 „ .. .. .. .. 14 14 6 „ 7 „ .. 14 14 7 „ 8 „ .. .. .. .. 11 11 8 „ 9 „ .. .. .. .. 7 7 9 „ 10 „ .. .. .. .. 4 4 „ 10 „ 11 „ .. .. .. .. 3 3 „ 11 „ 12 „ 1 8 9 12 ,, 13 .. .. .. .. 2 2 „ 13 „ 14 „ .. .. .. .. 5 5 „ 14 „ 15 „ .. .. .. .. 6 6 32 288 320 The adopting parents were —- Husband and wife jointly .. .. . . .. .. .. 296 Widow .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 Widower .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Spinster.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Bachelor .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Wife only .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Husband only .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 320 The amount of the premiums ranged from £10 to £150.

E.—4.

Illegitimacy.

Deaths amongst Illegitimate Children during 1924.

No. 6. —C 0 S TLEY T RAINING IN STI T U TlO N. Balance-sheet foe Year ending 31st December, 1924. . Liabilities. £ s. d. Assets. £ s. d. Costley bequest .. .. .. 12,150 0 0 War-loan stock .. .. .. 1,500 0 0 Hodge Bequest .. .. .. 742 5 9 Accrued interest .. .. .. 247 18 3 Overdraft, Bank of New Zealand .. 100 4 0 Mortgages .. .. .. .. 22,065 0 0 Revenue Account as below .. .. 12,294 19 1 Jackson and Russell .. .. .. 1,474 8 7 £25,287 6 10 £25,287 6 10 Revenue Account for Year ending 31st December, 1924. jQr. £ s. d. Or. £ s. d. To Maintenance Account .. .. 1,236 13 5 By Balance, Ist January, 1924 .. 12,042 211 Expenses .. .. .. 105 11 0 Interest .. .. .. .. 1,595 0 7 Balance carried forward .. .. 12,294 19 1 £13,637 3 6 £13,637 3 6

Approximate Cost o/ Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (975 copies), £34 10s.

By Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l92s.

Price 9d.]

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Illegitimacy. Number of Illegiti- Tln ... . ,,, , 4- ra.:ij.. j Illegitimate Children Illegitimate T ma i 0 M a ®f under 6 Years of Age District. Births registered Twelve Months or less in Ijioensed Foster f a i brought under the , , during 1924. T t *. \ *. a • homes at Infants Ac£ during | 31st Decemberj 1924 . North Auckland ...... 43 . . 2 Auckland .. . 285 32 97 South Auckland ...... 78 8 7 Hawke's Bay ...... 68 7 9 Gisborne .. .. .. .. 34 5 j 5 Wanganui and Taranaki .... 69 5 ! 16 Palmerston North ...... 58 9 ; 29 Wellington .. . . . . .. 253 44 92 Nelson .. .. .. .. 29 3 7 West Coast ........ 21 2 5 North Canterbury .. .. .. 194 59 1.16 South Canterbury .. .. 42 7 15 Otago .. .. .. .. 114 20 54 Southland .. .. .. .. 50 9 17 Totals for 1924 .. 1,338 210 471 Totals for 1923 .. 1,260 185 437 Deaths amongst Illegitimate Children during 1924. _ . . ; . . tt_ j r ivrln+ha Between Between J Between Between j Between District. „ ,, ,, , 11 , s 1 and 2 2 and 3 ' 3 and 4 4 and 5 i 5 and 6 Totals, b Months, and under „ „ „ ,, , T j Y ear Years. Years. , Years. Years. Years. . I 1 i i North Auckland . . . . 7 .. .. . . . . .. .. 7 Auckland .. .. 24 3 1 1 .. ! 29 South Auckland . . . . 6 1 .. .. .. . . . . 7 Wanganui and Taranaki . . 2 .. .. .. .. . . .. 2 Gisborne Hawke's Bay .. .. 3 . . . . . . .. . . 3 Palmerston North .. 5 .. .. . . .. .. I 6 Wellington .. . . 6 3 1 3 .. . . .. 13 Nelson .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. 2 .. .. 5 West Coast .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 North Canterbury .. 16 1 .. .. .. .. .. 17 South Canterbury .. 3 .. 1 .. .. .. .. 4 Otago .. .. .. 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Southland .. .. 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Totals .. ..86 8 3 3 3 .. 1 104 No. 6. —C 0 S TLEY T RAINING IN S TI T U T10 N. Balance-sheet foe Year ending 31st December, 1924. . Liabilities. £ s. d. Assets. £ s. d. Costley bequest .. .. .. 12,150 0 0 War-loan stock .. .. .. 1,500 0 0 Hodge Bequest .. .. .. 742 5 9 Accrued interest .. .. .. 247 18 3 Overdraft, Bank of New Zealand .. 100 4 0 Mortgages .. .. .. .. 22,065 0 0 Revenue Account as below .. .. 12,294 19 1 Jackson and Russell .. .. .. 1,474 8 7 £25,287 6 10 £25,287 6 10 Revenue Account for Year ending 31st December, 1924. I)r. £ s. d. Or. £ s. d. To Maintenance Account .. .. 1,236 13 5 By Balance, 1st January, 1924 .. 12,042 2 11 Expenses .. .. .. 105 11 0 Interest .. .. .. .. 1,595 0 7 Balance carried forward .. .. 12,294 19 1 £13,637 3 6 £13,637 3 6 Approximate Cost oj Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (975 copies), £34 10s. By Authority : W. A. G. Skinueb, Government Printer, Wellington.—1925. Price !Jd.]

Illegitimacy. Number of Illegiti- Tln ... . ,,, , 4- ra.:ij.. j Illegitimate Children Illegitimate T ma i 0 M a ®f under 6 Years of Age District. Births registered Twelve Months or less in Ijioensed Foster f a i brought under the , , during 1924. T t *. \ *. a • homes at Infants Ac£ during | 31st Decemberj 1924 . North Auckland ...... 43 . . 2 Auckland .. . 285 32 97 South Auckland ...... 78 8 7 Hawke's Bay ...... 68 7 9 Gisborne .. .. .. .. 34 5 j 5 Wanganui and Taranaki .... 69 5 ! 16 Palmerston North ...... 58 9 ; 29 Wellington .. . . . . .. 253 44 92 Nelson .. .. .. .. 29 3 7 West Coast ........ 21 2 5 North Canterbury .. .. .. 194 59 1.16 South Canterbury .. .. 42 7 15 Otago .. .. .. .. 114 20 54 Southland .. .. .. .. 50 9 17 Totals for 1924 .. 1,338 210 471 Totals for 1923 .. 1,260 185 437 Deaths amongst Illegitimate Children during 1924. _ . . ; . . tt_ j r ivrln+ha Between Between J Between Between j Between District. „ ,, ,, , 11 , s 1 and 2 2 and 3 ' 3 and 4 4 and 5 i 5 and 6 Totals, b Months, and under „ „ „ ,, , T j Y ear Years. Years. , Years. Years. Years. . I 1 i i North Auckland . . . . 7 .. .. . . . . .. .. 7 Auckland .. .. 24 3 1 1 .. ! 29 South Auckland . . . . 6 1 .. .. .. . . . . 7 Wanganui and Taranaki . . 2 .. .. .. .. . . .. 2 Gisborne Hawke's Bay .. .. 3 . . . . . . .. . . 3 Palmerston North .. 5 .. .. . . .. .. I 6 Wellington .. . . 6 3 1 3 .. . . .. 13 Nelson .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. 2 .. .. 5 West Coast .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 North Canterbury .. 16 1 .. .. .. .. .. 17 South Canterbury .. 3 .. 1 .. .. .. .. 4 Otago .. .. .. 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Southland .. .. 5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Totals .. ..86 8 3 3 3 .. 1 104 No. 6.—C 0 S TLEY T RAINING IN S TI T U T10 N. Balance-sheet foe Year ending 31st December, 1924. . Liabilities. £ s. d. Assets. £ s. d. Costley bequest .. .. .. 12,150 0 0 War-loan stock .. .. .. 1,500 0 0 Hodge Bequest .. .. .. 742 5 9 Accrued interest .. .. .. 247 18 3 Overdraft, Bank of New Zealand .. 100 4 0 Mortgages .. .. .. .. 22,065 0 0 Revenue Account as below .. .. 12,294 19 1 Jackson and Russell .. .. .. 1,474 8 7 £25,287 6 10 £25,287 6 10 Revenue Account for Year ending 31st December, 1924. I)r. £ s. d. Or. £ s. d. To Maintenance Account .. .. 1,236 13 5 By Balance, 1st January, 1924 .. 12,042 2 11 Expenses .. .. .. 105 11 0 Interest .. .. .. .. 1,595 0 7 Balance carried forward .. .. 12,294 19 1 £13,637 3 6 £13,637 3 6 Approximate Cost oj Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (975 copies), £34 10s. By Authority : W. A. G. Skinueb, Government Printer, Wellington.—1925. Price !Jd.]