PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1921-22.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1922 Session I, H-20

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1922. N E W XE A L AND.

PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1921-22.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Hon. the Minister in Charge of the Prisons Department to His Excellency the GovernorGeneral. My Lord,— Wellington, 31st July, 1922. I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the report of the Prisons Department for the year 1921-22. I have, &c, E. P. Lee, Minister in Charge of Prisons Department. The Controller-General of Prisons to the Hon. the Minister in Ciiaroe of Prisons Department. Sir, — Prisons Department, Wellington, 15th July, 1922. I have the honour to present the forty-first annual report of the Prisons Department, covering the financial year 1921-22, together with the report of the Inspector of Prisons and Supervisor of Prison Works for the same period, and. the; criminal statistics for the calendar year ended 31st December, 1921. Prison Population : Comparative Figures. The figures supplied by the Government Statistician show that the period of stress through which the country has been passing has had its expected reflex in the criminal statistics, the number of offenders received into the prisons being 4,1.81 for 1921, compared with 3,491 for 1920 and 3,207 and 3,150 for 1919 and 1918 respectively. The daily average number of prisoners in the whole, of the prisons and prison institutions of the Dominion for 1921 was 1,065-60, against 939-69 in 1920, an increase of 125-91. When, however, last year's figures arc compared with those of 191-1 (979-81) it will be seen that the increase is only approximately 9 per cent. In view of the fact that 1914 was a prosperous year in spite of the war commencing therein, and that 1921 was cine of our worst years for a generation, the increase in the number of offenders between the two years is comparatively small; while a reference to Table Fof the statistics published with this report will show that while the proportion of criminals per 10,000 of population was 31-05 in 1914, it was only 16-50 in 1921. The same table shows a steady decline in the percentage of criminals per 10,000 of the population between 1914 and 1919. In the latter year the number was 15-18. Since then the proportion has only increased by ] -32, and so soon as prosperity returns to us there is little doubt that a reduction will again be recorded. While from Table E of the criminal statistics it would appear that the number of New-Zealand-born convicted prisoners between the ages of fifteen and. twenty-five has decreased from 300 in 1912 to 214 for 1921, exclusive of Maoris, our own experience is that there has been a regrettable increase in the number of youthful offenders received into the prisons during the past few years. To such an extent has this been the case that at one time during the past year we were compelled to cease drafting youthful offenders to the Invercargill Borstal Institution, where all prisoners under the age of twenty-five are sent, owing to lack of accommodation, and finally, to meet the difficulty, the agelimit had to be reduced to twenty-three. A reference to the record of the daily average at Invercargill for 191.2 shows that the numbers were then 60-80, while for 1921 the daily average was 16722, with an additional, number at Waikeria and in other penal, institutions. It must here be remarked, however, that our figures (unlike the Statistician's) include Maoris and youths who stated that they were born outside the Dominion. The Maoris between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five numbered, according to Table El of the statistics, forty-one. There is no information as to the period of residence in the Dominion of those who were recorded as having been born elsewhere. To arrive at any definite conclusion as to the root cause of this undeniable increase in the number of youthful offenders it would be necessary to investigate the history of every individual case from the years of infancy to the date of the first offence. In the absence of such data it can ouly be said that a general survey makes it fairly clear that lack of parental control and care in the formative period of the boys' lives is largely responsible for their inclusion in our criminal statistics. Until by private or public organization the more neglected members of the youthful community are given the

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care and attention they require in their earlier years, and until some great combined effort is made to give the youthful mind some natural, proper, and healthy outlet, the present regrettable increase in the number of juvenile offenders is likely to continue. It is in this direction that organizations like the Young Citizens' League are doing a great work for the community. In crime, as in disease, " prevention is better than cure." Preventive measures must naturally be applied before the disease has developed. In crime, as in disease, the application of a cure is a doubtful, difficult, and lengthy process. The percentage of complete recoveries in the, case of confirmed criminals is probably as small as in the case of sufferers from malignant disease who have received no medical attention until the disease has become well established. The fluctuations in the prison population of the Dominion from 1881 to 1921 (inclusive) are shown in the table below :—

Daily Average, 1881 to 1921.

Prisoners sentenced by Mtlttary Courts-martial, There have been only two prisoners of this class —one a Maori and the other a European— in the prisons during the year. Roth were sentenced to long terms for very serious offences outside the Dominion. One has recently been discharged. Expenditure and Keceipts, The gross expenditure of the Prisons Department for the financial year ended 31st March last was £129,41.1, compared with £127,444 for the previous year. The cash receipts and cash credits totalled £49,866, against £39,136 for 1920-21. leaving the net expenditure for 1921-22 at £79,545, compared with £88,308 for 1920 21. Although the net expenditure of the Department has increased considerably during the past ten years, the causes of that increase are easily found. Salaries of staffs are now costing us £40,000 per annum more than in 1912. This is partly due to the increased number of officers required for the larger prison population ; but in regard to the bulk, of the increase we arc, of course, in the same position as other employers of labour. The pay of our officers has necessarily had to keep pace with the increased cost of living, with the natural result so far as our annual balance-sheet is concerned. Another considerable item in our increased costs is the growth in the cost of rationing the prisoners, which from the table given below is shown to have been £10-23 per head for 1912, compared with £16-70 for 1921-22. This means that during the past financial year we had to expend approximately £7,000 more than it would have cost us to ration the same number of prisoners in 1912. In actual fact the total cost of rations for 1921-22 was £17,962, against £9,405 for 1912. There were, of course, many more prisoners in our institutions in the period now under review than in the earlier year. In 1912 we had no expenditure on prison farms ; last year we expended £6,490 in this direction, while in 1920-21 the expenditure under this head was £7,339. The policy of opening up and. developing new country by prison labour commenced in 1912-13, and has been pursued vigorously ever since. Irrespective of the substantial revenue now being derived from our farms, as shown in Table I below, we have increased the value of the lands of the Dominion by fully £112,000 since the inauguration of our agricultural policy, and it is therefore apparent that the expenditure that has led to this increase is more properly chargeable to the land-development vote than to the Prisons vote.

Average Cost per Head of Prisoners' Rations from 1909 to the 31st March, 1922.

Daily Average of Prisoners in Dominion Prisons. Year. Daily Average of Prisoners in Dominion Prisons. Males. Females Totals. Year. Males. Females. Totals. 1881 1891 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 631-66 94-37 726-03 459-22 58-39 517-61 799-08 64-18 863-26 855-28 64-07 . 919-35 826-69 66-55 893-24 916-09 63-72 979-81 931-33 7679 1,00812 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 •' I 859-99 817-27 896-98 936-28 872-59 992-04 j 82-78 96-99 84-97 68-06 67-10 73-56 942-77 914-26 98195 1,004-34 939-69 1 .065-60

Total , T . , -.t T7, ... Number of Year. Expenditure ,, . V, ,. Prisoners. on .Rations. Cost per Head. Total Year. ; Expenditure on Rations. Number of Prisoners. Cost per Head. | £ 909 .. 8,544 809-84 910 .. 9,322 90173 911 .. 8,494 863-26 912 .. 9,405 919-35 913 .. 9,754 893-24 914 .. 11,555 979-81 915 .. 15,099 1,008-12 £ 10-55 10-33 9-83 10-23 10-91 11-79 14-97 £ 1916-17 .. 15,092 1917-18 .. 15,522 1918-19 .. j 16,473 1919-20 ..1 17,294 1920-21 .. j 18,766 1921-22 .. ! 17.962 920-15 94M1 1,003-43 965-07 965-03 1,075-34 £ 16-41 16-64 16-41 17-93 19-44 16-70

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Receipts for Successive Years. The following table illustrates clearly the growth of the Department as a revenue-producing business since the policy of agricultural and industrial development was initiated in 1911-12. i Cash Receipts and Credits. £ £ 1912 .. .. .. 5,451 1917-18 .. .. 15.083 1913 .. .. .. 7,382 1918-19 .. ..21,654 1914 .. .. .. 9,162 1919-20 .. .. 31,177 1915 .. .. .. 11,982 1920-21 .. .. 39,136 1916-17 .. .. 9,867 1921-22 .. .. 49,866 The detailed figures showing the earnings of the different institutions during the past financial year are as follows : —

TABLE 1. —Cash received and Amounts credited to the Prisons Vote for the Year ended 31st March, 1922.

Value of Prison Labour for which neither Cash nor Financial Credits are received. The actual cash receipts shown in the preceding table do not by any means cover the full labour value of the work of prisoners during the past financial year. A large amount of work is carried out for which the Prisons Department receives no payment whatever, but the expenditure of labour in the various channels has the effect either of developing lands or other State assets or of saving expenditure that must otherwise be incurred. The details and value of this work arc shown in the following table :—

Table 2. —Total Value of Prison Labour employed on Roads, Buildings, Reclamation, Wall-building, and other Public Works, for which no Financial Credit has been received, for the Year ended 31st March, 1922.

Prison or Institution. Metal, Gravel, &c. Parmand I Parm ; n-, ta Dairy- ' Stock. M10 ""- produce. Corrcrete Blocks and Tiles. Timber and Firewood. Boots. Prisorr Labour on Public Buildings. Prison lload- Officers works worns. (m pubUc Buildings. Sundries. Totals. Addington Auckland Invereargill .. NapierNew Plymouth Point Halswell Paparua Waikune Waikeria Wellington .. Wi Tako Minor gaols .. Miscellaneous £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ 20 20 75 £ 20 14,031 9,890 175 642 1,168 8,901 2,758 7,501 1,773 1,552 150 705 11,370 2,077 1,603 1,258 1,168 880 •197 2,910 606 2,021 175 518 58 56 81 70 824 1,634 3,032 619 10 1,374 1,439 487 3,447 1,286 1,017 1,071 25 570 10 64 8 75 15 323 51 .12 195 3,205 1,313 127 100 1,179 150 705 Totals .. 6,082 3,982 374 3,800 1,646 1,367 — 11,535 1,386 6,489 1,142 12,063 49,866

Prison. Buildings and Walls. Construction and Maintenance of Roads. Excavationwork and Preparation of Necessary Orounds. £ <Drr< a +h — 1 s «$ •3gr3-g a -v o tn J-SB 3 o -- a o 'ti r| 2 33 r 33 M Electriclighting Drainageinstalla- works, tion. Totals. Auckland Invereargill Paparua Point Halswell Waikeria Waikune Wellington Wi Tako £ 950 2,646 1,450 634 577 220 540 1,951 £ 430 1,520 570 840 171 £ 124 1,050 151 93 126 18!) 772 £ 260 450 326 76 £ 737 £ 162 30 35 £ 2,240 £ 1,926 8,673 2,346 1,660 920 346 995 4,254 3 275 461 540 530 Totals . . 8,968 4,267 2,496 1,652 737 227 2,773 21,120 As under other prison systi ihowing the actual value of the sms it has 1 work of prisi •een the pre mere emplo; .ctice fo ml in d •r some ; .evelopin /ears pas 1 2 farming to publis] properties, figures making

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boots and. clothing for the inmates and officers, and in carrying on the domestic services of the various institutions, Table 3 below contains the details for the different establishments : —

Table 3. —Value of Prison Labour employed on Prison Works and Industries for which Cash Credits are not obtained, for the Year ended 31st March, 1922.

Summary. £ | Cash and financial credits for the yoar 1921-22 .. . . .. 49,866 Estimated value of prison labour employed on public works for which neither cash nor financial credit was received .. .. .. 21,120 Estimated value of prison labour emjjloyed on farms, industries, domestic work, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24,628 Total value of prison labour, 192.1-22 .. .. .. £95,614 The above figures show that, while the gross expenditure for the past financial year was £129,411, the total value of prison labour during the same period was £95,614. Present and Past Systems compared. While the foregoing figures demonstrate clearly the material gain to the country by the adoption of the policy followed in recent yoars, the improved moral effect on the individual prisoner, compared with that under the former system, that is still followed in some of the older countries, is incalculable. When our prisons were simply places of safe custody, where there was little or no work of an interesting, useful, or remunerative character, there was little hope for anything but the deterioration of the prisoner, mentally, morally, and sometimes physically. Upon his discharge the city dweller inevitably returned to his former environment in the city with a diminished capacity for competition with his fellows in the outside world and an increased tendency towards crime. Under present conditions every man whose offence or whose general conduct warrants it is either drafted to one of our country institutions or is suitably employed at useful and remunerative work of some kind. The result is shown by the fact that even some of the many-times-convicted prisoners remain in the country in constant employment, instead of returning to the cities, and others obtain work at the occupations upon which they have been engaged while in prison. There are still the incorrigible class who cannot keep out of prison, but this class is rapidly diminishing in number. Every able-bodied man now learns " the gospel of hard work," and, under the honours system that is very generally applied on our farms anil works, he also learns self-reliance and self-respect. For those who are illiterate we have evening classes, where educational facilities are available, while a certain amount of recreation is also provided, as a means to the desired end—the prevention of mental and moral deterioration. Developments duiuno the Yeak.. Opening up of Laud for Settlement. For some years past it has been apparent that in order to continue the agricultural policy of the Department a large area of land should be acquired for development by prison labour. Hitherto the difficulty has been first to find the finance, then to find the land. By co-operation between the Native, Lands, and Prisons Departments the problem was finally solved by the selection of a block that forms part of a very large area of land purchased from the Natives in the immediate vicinity of Lake Taupo.

Prison. Bootmaking for Officers and Prisoners. Tailoring (including Repairs to Clothing, &c). n i . Domestic Gardening ™ , , i ° Employment i ( ,, , • (including *' laundrywork). Totals. Addington Auckland Hautu , .. Invereargill Napier Now Plymouth Paparua Point Halswell Waikeria Waikune Wellington Wi Tako Minor gaols • £ £ 265 384 £ £ £ 475 247 24 95 641 98 £ 89 394 41 26 1,108 42 21 286 284 264 2,120 10 2.1 2,416 1,716 86 235 186 396 1,761 1.361 372 341 1,972 1,284 105 432 575 1,991 1.181 491 56 184 835 3,243 31 4,477 354 761 3,852 1,107 3,345 601 3,999 1,751 272 48 38 322 37 11 i Totals 1,938 2,561 9,270 10,859 10,859 24,628

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Reports having been obtained from expert officers of the Agricultural Department as to the suitability of the property, largely composed of pumice country, for development, it was decided that an area of 10,000 acres forming part of the Hautu Block should be taken up by the Prisons Department. Surveys were at once commenced in order that the first section required for camp purposes might be allocated before the summer came to an end. An area of 690 acres, chiefly consisting of river-fiat lying along the western bank of the Waiotaka Stream and bordering on the TokaanuTaupo main road having been delimited, steps were at once taken to establish a camp for the accommodation of the requisite labour. The method adopted was to transfer to the new camp-site the huts and other buildings that had been used in connection with the construction by the Prisons Department of the road from Waimarino to Lake Roto Aira. In view of the fact that all the material had to be removed a distance of not less than forty miles by horse and motor traction over rough roads, the operation was by no means a simple one. Every item of the work was successfully carried out by our own officers, assisted by prisoners. The huts and buildings were all re-established or re-erected in their new location, and the initial work of clearing, fencing, planting, &c, was in full swing, within the short space of four months. There are now twenty-three men at work, with a small staff of officers, and if we are able to provide further accommodation during the coming summer this number will be considerably increased and the progress of the work proportionately accelerated. The officers we have placed in charge of the work are men who have had considerable experience with pumice country, and with the advice and assistance that is always readily given by the Agricultural Department there is little doubt that this, the latest development of the, Prison Department's activities, will prove a success. It might be well to state for general information, in this the initial report on the Hautu prison camp, the policy you have laid down in connection with the development of this large area of country. Hautu is not intended to be merely a prison farm on a large scale. It is in reality the first direct attempt to develop land for settlement by prison labour. The scheme of operations is to break in, grass, and cultivate, where possible, the country block by block. As each block becomes ready for settlement it will be thrown open for selection, and our camps and gangs will, be moved farther afield to prepare further areas for the class of settlement for which the land proves to be suitable, if success attend our efforts, and settlement is thus attracted to a district that would not otherwise carry any population for the next twenty years, the whole area of over 60,000 acres, excepting the bush-clad ranges and the poorest pumice land, may eventually be brought into use by the agency of a Department that until the past few years was considered to be merely a drag upon the finances of the country. Refuge for Derelicts. In terms of your instructions, provision lias now been made at New Plymouth for a number of old and derelict men who have been committed to prison for various offences, some of them of a certain sexual nature to which some old men are prone. Many of those men are not criminal in the ordinary sense of the term ; some of them have been sentenced to imprisonment simply because they were drunken and derelict, without homes or friends to care for them. There being no public or private institutions to which the purely derelict class could be sent, the Magistrates have perforce committed them to prison as their only possible refuge. In many cases the authorities in charge of old people's homes and similar institutions had attempted to care for the men, but found it impossible to keep them from wandering away. This class of man, whether he lias committed a criminal offence or not, has always been out of place in purely penal establishments, whore it is difficult to differentiate their treatment, diet, &c, from that of ordinary able-bodied prisoners. Their segregation at New Plymouth, where the climatic conditions are favourable, and the minimum amount of labour will be required of them under a milder regime as to dietary and general conditions, is, of course, in the nature of an experiment. If your anticipations as to the success of this departure from our ordinary methods are justified, it may readily prove the forerunner of a scheme for establishing a permanent and properly equipped institution, to which Judges and Magistrates may, under amended legislation, commit the derelicts whose disposal is at present a cause of much trouble to the Courts and the police. Such an institution must necessarily be a " home," under restrictive rules, rather than a prison. firENERAL REPORT ON INSTITUTIONS. Auckland Prison. A further increase in the prison population at Auckland is recorded. The increase in the number of receptions is most noticeable, no less than 1,362 males and 112 females having been received during the year, a total of 1,474. The schoolmaster reports : " During the year the school has not undergone so many changes as in previous years, and the standard of work attained is therefore considerably higher, though this is partly due to the appointment of an assistant teacher, which permits of more time being devoted to individual help. Promotions can now be made as soon as a pupil is ready for the change. Many are thus encouraged to study out of school hours, while the fact that the Senior Inspector has granted the schoolmaster in charge the privilege of awarding Standard V certificates is also a great incentive. The result is to be seen in the greater concentration of numbers in the upper classes of the school. One pupil was successful in obtaining a certificate of proficiency for Standard VI last December. A good spirit of work is being shown by most of the classes, and there is a noticeable improvement in the quality of the English subjects." The chief industries —quarrying, bootniaking, and matmaking -have been carried on with satisfactory results. The revenue from the quarry has easily surpassed that of any previous year, and the development of this industry is a credit to the supervising officers. The prisoners employed in the

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quarry work well and with little or uo friction. The encouragement given to the men results in a noticeable absence of sullenness which at one time was so apparent. The demand for metal by local bodies is greater than we can cope with, and the erection of new plant now being provided will result in increased revenue that will more than justify the expenditure. The manufacture of concrete roofing-tiles has been pushed forward, and the products of this industry are being used on all the departmental buildings. It is understood that the class of tile produced is equal, if not superior, to any other type on the market. The Esperanto class continues to flourish undor the supervision of a well-known Esperantist, and the success achieved may be gauged from the fact that the students gained four diplomas one with honours. During the, year five male and one female, prisoner died. Four of these died in the public hospital where they were sent for treatment. One execution took place early in the year. Hautu Prison, Tokaanu. This prison camp has recently been established for the purpose of developing and preparing for settlement a large block of pumice land near Lake Taupo. A commencement was made on the, 27th Fobruary last with the erection of necessary portable buildings, several huts being transferred from the old Roto Aira road camp to Hautu for the accommodation of officers and prisoners. A temporary road .to the camp has been formed, and a few acres of land have been cleared of scrub for cultivation. In view of the fact that the camp has only been a short time in existence, and that considerable quantities of materials had to be carted a long distance over rough roads, it has not been possible to make much progress with the preparation of land for cultivation, but a commencement is now being made in this direction. Invereargill Borstal Institution. The association class of well-conducted inmates is now an established feature, and has proved to be an admirable incentive to good behaviour. The inmates in this class enjoy special privileges, and are permitted to gather together in the recreation-room for a short period every evening, when they can play various games, indulge in reading, &c. The evening educational classes have given most satisfactory results. The, senior schoolmaster reports: " During the past year some 130 inmates have received instruction at various times and for different periods. The year's work has been satisfactory as to general application and progress of the scholars. The more backward among them have received special classes and close attention, the result being that no inmate has left the place illiterate. Indeed, it is true that all are able to read, write, and figure, the caro expended on those in the lowest classes having produced very gratifying results. English literature :In 1922 the study of extracts from the great English poets has been of particular interest in the standards. Mensuration has been taught, and the, application of algebra and the working-out of problems. The promotions to higher standards has been steady, giving a fair indication that the young men are acquiring knowledge. The scholars are, responsive, and the greater number appear to appreciate the privileges the Department grants them in respect of the acquisition of knowledge. Physiography and commercial geography always interest them, the political world of 1922 receiving attention during the lessons." In addition to those inmates who are given facilities to study in their own rooms, a number are being taught carpentering and bricklaying in the evenings by tradesmen officers, and a marked feature of these classes is the, eagerness of the inmates to avail themselves of the opportunities offered to improve their knowledge of the building trades. The, institutional brass band, under the tuition of a local expert musician, has made remarkable progress during the past six months. A learners' class in connection with the band has been formed, anil promises well. There are altogether about fifty inmates receiving instruction in band music, and it is satisfactory to note the appeal which it makes to the lads. Concerts and entertainments have been provided at regular intervals through the kindness of local musical associations, &c, and are greatly appreciated. Occasionally, certain inmates assisted, by the band, give concerts to their fellowinmates, and a number of the youths exhibit considerable ability in this direction. The, lectures by Dr. Barclay on the functions and management of the body, and other appropriate subjects, have been listened to with great attention. The lecturer-deals with his subjects in such a clear anil explicit manner that the inmates are, deeply interested and impressed. Farming operations have been carried on and extended as much as possible, although, owing to the decrease in the price, of butterfat, the revenue has not been so high as was anticipated. Including sixty-four heifers, there are now 294 dairy cows on the farm, and returns for the ensuing year should show a distinct improvement. The additional bush land purchased during the year is proving a valuable asset. Large quantities of timber for fencing purposes have been obtained therefrom at comparatively little cost, and firewood in abundance, is also available. During the year a large number of cattle, and sheep were fattened on the farm and slaughtered to supply the institution, a considerable saving being thereby effected. The roading and. draining of the farm, area has been pushed on with the labour available. Owing to the, silting-up of the river the flood-gates are not so effective as they were, and it will be necessary to deepen the outfalls. A vegetable-garden of 5 acres has been established on the farm area, and, as expected, is showing satisfactory results. Napier Prison. As in former years, the principal works carried on have been quarrying and gardening. Owing to the comparatively few prisoners that are now detained at this prison much work cannot be expected, but the few prisoners available are kept fully occupied.

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Owing to the reduced staff slight structural alterations to the Gaoler's office, &c, had to be carried out, which permit of the yards being under observation and results in greater security. The general health of the prisoners throughout the year has been very good. New Plymouth Prison. Work in the prison quarry has been on a reduced scale during the past year. The demand for metal and gravel has not been so great as in former years, owing, apparently, to the financial stringency. The vegetable-garden has been well cultivated (luring the year, and has produced considerable quantities of good vegetables. Sales of garden-produce realized £111 55., which is satisfactory considering that the, prison kitchen was fully supplied throughout the year. Several concerts and interesting lectures were given, principally by local gentlemen who are interesting themselves in the welfare of the prisoners. Paparua Prison. The number of prisoners held during the past year shows a further increase, the daily average for the year being 140-48. All the men are being profitably employed on general farming and building works, whilst a number have been busy making concrete blocks and tiles, also paving-stones, for which there is a good demand. Work on the east, or second, cell range has progressed satisfactorily, and most of the cells on the ground floor are well on to completion. The kitchen block is being completed, and the gear in connection with the electric bakers' oven has been given a trial, with satisfactory results. The oven and electric cooking-apparatus will be brought into use, whenever the Public Works Department can arrange the, supply of power from the Lake, Coleridge station. The pastoral branch of the farm has had a satisfactory year in spite of the general fall, in prices. About 1,150 sheep were carried, and the percentage of lambs, 91-3, is, in view of the inclement weather during lambing-time, eminently satisfactory. The, Corriedale stud ewes did exceptionally well during the season, and the establishment of a good flock of these sheep at Paparua is now an accomplished fact. About 325 acres were cropped, and good returns of wheat, oats, barley, peas, and potatoes were obtained. Wheat sold brought over £500, whilst eggs, peas, and vegetables produced £102. The younger prisoners have been given facilities to improve their education by attending classes conducted by two schoolmasters, who give their services voluntarily. It is gratifying to note the keen interest the students take in their work. Concerts have been held fortnightly for the benefit of the, prisoners, and the work of the gentlemen who promote these entertainments is much appreciated. The, music forms a welcome, break in the monotony of the inmates' lives, and the good effect it has upon the great majority of them is noticeable. WaiJceria Reformatory for Men. The majority of the inmates at this institution have been employed principally on farming operations during the year, whilst some of the less robust men are employed at gardening, poultryrearing, &c. The progress of farm-work has been satisfactory, and but for the slump in prices the returns from produce, would have shown a considerably greater increase on those of the previous year. The two camps established, last year on the Mental Hospital property for the purpose of bringing new land into cultivation are showing good results, and the, co-operation between the, two Departments has resulted in increased economy and efficiency.in many directions. Incidentally, the camps have provided an opportunity for additional classification of inmates. The general conduct and industry of the inmates have been good, and no more eloquent tribute to the advantage of a system of classification could be, furnished than the improvement in this direction. It is now possible to trust certain inmates to a much wider extent, and this reacts favourably on the individuals themselves, whilst at the same time it increases efficiency in the working of the farm with a decreased staff. The number of requests for country work by inmates about to be discharged is in itself a pleasing feature, while it is also satisfactory to note that those placed, in employment in the. surrounding district during the year are all doing well. The Department's policy of making every effort to obtain suitable employment in the country for inmates to go to immediately on release is meeting with success, and were employment only more easily obtainable the, rehabilitation of numbers of released men would be assured. The educational classes for inmates conducted by the Department's schoolmaster are working smoothly, but it is naturally too early yet to form an accurate estimate of the results achieved. Waikune (Erua) Roadmaking and Sawmilling Camp. The initial work in connection with the establishing of this prison camp was completed early in the year, and roadmaking and sawmilling have been carried on since with good results. The prisoners employed bushfelling and on timber operations generally have done good work, and the results obtained are most gratifying, more particularly as many of the parties both in the bush and in the mill are working entirely without supervision. The adverse climatic conditions prevailing in the winter months, due. to the camp's proximity to the. mountains, interferes with the progress of work on the roads for a portion of the year. Roadworks are accordingly pushed on as much as possible during summer and autumn months.

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Wellington Prisons. Terrace Prison. —Gardening and excavation work have been the principal occupations of those detained at this prison. The excavation of the site of a new infants' school was completed early in the year, and the, building has since been erected. A. party of prisoners is being employed roadmaking, fencing, &c, at Point Halswell, whore, a considerable amount of good work has been carried out. Mount Cook Prison. —This prison was closed, on the, 29th October, 1921, but a party of prisoners is being conveyed there daily in a closed van to carry out the. demolition of old buildings, assist in the transferring of machinery and materials to other institutions, and to complete the excavation of the technical-school site. A considerable number of second-hand bricks obtained from demolished buildings and excavations at Mount Cook were sold, and realized £763. Wi Tako Prison, Trentham. During the past year a sixtoen-cliam bored Hoffman brick-kiln was built, and is now in workingorder. The. now kiln has a burning-capacity of 80,000 bricks per week, and, as there is practically an inexhaustible supply of good clay available, bricks in large quantities will shortly be turned out. It is satisfactory to record that all. the bricks used in the, erection of the new kiln and chimney-stack wore, made on the site by prison labour. In the swamp area of the reserve drains have been dug, and connected with contour drains cut around the foot of the hills. The completion of this work has had a most beneficial effect on the swam]) land, which has been cleared of blackberry, flax, &c. Excellent crops of turnips and mangolds are now to be seen on. this area, and about 30 acres sown in grass is showing up satisfactorily. The general conduct and industry of the prisoners have been very good, and it is satisfactory to record that there has been little or no illness among them during the yoar. Prison Institutions for Women. Addington Reformatory for Women.--- A number of the younger women offenders wore, transferred during the year to the Point Halswell Reformatory and replaced by older offenders. The structural arrangements at this institution make it more, suitable for the older and more hardened offenders, and the majority of those now detained here, are of the latter class. The, inmates have been kept fully employed, the, principal work being gardening and washing, both for this institution and for the Paparua Prison. An effort is being made to obtain a suitable situation for every inmate, on discharge, and lady Official Visitors are doing very good work in finding employment and visiting the women before and after their release. Point Halswell Reformatory. —ln order to provide more accommodation for the younger women offenders who are being transferred from other centres to this institution, the quarters previously used by the, stall have been turned into inmates' cubicles, and the staff has been well provided for by the re-erection of an eight-roomed dwelling transferred, from the Mount Cook Prison Reserve. Gardening and dairying continue to be the main sources of employment, whilst some of the younger inmates, who are housed in an excellent building entirely apart from other women, are taught sewing, fancy-work, &c, in a well-appointed workroom. The dairying industry is being carried, on satisfactorily by the women, and a number of them take, a keen interest in this work and also in poultry-rearing. The Lady Official Visitors pay weekly visits to the institution, while a number of women social workers, including members of the Women Prisoners' Welfare Croup, visit the institution regularly and. interest themselves in the, welfare of inmates, obtaining employment for them on release, and generally assisting them in the, work' of rehabilitation. Health of Prisoners. The figures in regard to sickness are given in Table, A, and show a daily average, of 15-95 on the, sick-list during the year, as against 13-58 in the previous year and 16-49 in 1919. As pointed out in previous reports, the statistics in regard to sickness are not a reliable indication of the general health of prisoners.. Old vagrants are often committed to prison when found destitute and ill, and it frequently happens that they are on the sick-list from the date of their admission until near the time for their discharge. Such cases increase the institutional returns of sickness, and are a source of trouble and responsibility to the staffs, as well as being expensive to the Department. Prisoners Detention Act, 1915. Two prisoners—one male, and one female —were dealt with under the provisions of the. Prisoners Detention Act during the past year. There were other cases, but, as the prisoners affected wore serving long terms, it was not necessary to detain them, after the due date of discharge. The total number of persons who have been detained after the expiration of their sentences under the provisions of the Prisoners Detention Act is now 26.

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Departmental and Staff Matters. Beyond the usual ebb and flow of junior officers, there have been very few changes in the staffs during the yoar. I have again to express my appreciation of the work of the different controlling officers and their staffs. We have carried on further pioneering work in the backblocks that would necessarily have failed but for the energy, initiative, and organizing ability displayed by the, officers specially selected to control these important undertakings. C. E. Matthews, Controller-General of Prisons.

Inspector of Prisons and Supervisor of Works to the Controller-General of Prisons. Sir, — Prisons Department, Wellington, 18th June, 1922. I have the honour to submit my report for the year 1921-22, dealing with the work of inspection of the institutions and prisons under the control of the Prisons Department, and the supervision of the various works and industries being carried on during the year by prison labour. During the year I have been fully occupied in visiting and inspecting the various institutions, also in supervising the various works and industries being carried on by prison labour. The more important institutions have been visited as far as possible every two months ; the smaller prisons have been inspected as opportunity offered. lam pleased to state that in very few instances have I found much to complain of, and, generally speaking, complaints from either officers or prisoners have been few. The improvements introduced of late years for the benefit of officers, both as regards rate of pay and hours of duty, appear to be bearing good fruit, officers with a few exceptions appearing to realize that the Department is doing everything possible on their behalf ; whilst in the case of the prisoners themselves, even the most hardened seem to recognize that every endeavour is being made in the direction of treating them, as far as possible, as men —certainly men who have erred, but for whom there is still hope that they may yet become honest citizens. During my thirty-eight years' experience of prison administration I have seen many changes. I am, however, satisfied that the present-day method of employing men outside prison-walls on farms and in roadmaking camps, and in many instances without direct supervision, is having a good effect upon the men themselves. The rifle and the baton have given place to firm but kindly supervision; and, speaking from personal experience, the change has been for the better, not only in the case of prisoners but also in regard to the officers themselves. As a result the relations between prisoners and officers have improved enormously, hence the almost total absence of complaints. As each year passes an improvement is being made in our system of classification : slowly no doubt, on account of the difficulties in the, way, but nevertheless surely, we are progressing in this direction. The fact that in many cases it has been found possible to dispense, with the use of arms of any description, whilst a number of prisoners are being trusted by placing them on their honour, with practically no guards, tends to prove that we are, advancing in the matter of prison reform. I have had experience of both systems, and am therefore in a position to judge as to the relative value of both, methods. The question of staff still continues to give a certain amount of trouble. Candidates there are now in plenty, but it is still most difficult to get men possessed of the right qualifications : such men are born, not made. We are, however, slowly getting rid of officers who have long been a source of trouble to the Department owing to their unfitness for the work. By continuing the culling process we may in time hope to get a really efficient staff. I am pleased to record that the standard of industry amongst the inmates of our prisons and institutions still continues to improve. The saner system now obtaining, of employing men at useful occupations, is having the desired effect. In order to get the best out of a man —and a prisoner, after all, is just an ordinary individual—he must feel that he is being treated as an ordinary human being, and that the work he is being called upon to perform is useful, not only for the benefit of the community as a whole but also to his own personal advantage, by fitting him better to earn a livelihood when he is released, and also enabling him to earn something for himself against the time of his release. The payment of wages to prisoners, and in some cases to their dependants, also has been a step in the right direction. In this connection lam speaking of the effect it has upon the prisoners themselves whilst in prison. Judging from my own observation, such an arrangement acts as a stimuius, and much better results are obtained than would otherwise be the case. The improving of the classification system, as I have already remarked, is going on slowly, but particularly good work is being done at Invereargill and Waikeria. Strange to say, the chief objectors appear to be the prisoners themselves. Prisoners as a rule do not take kindly to our system of classification, according to conduct and fitness, to enable them to uplift themselves and to break away from bad habits. Those who are left behind in the lower grades exhibit a considerable amount of jealousy and in many cases bitter hostility towards those who have been promoted. The principle, however, is perfectly sound, and I am pleased to state that, in so far as it is possible to judge, the results continue to be most encouraging. Intelligent classification has come to stay, and should be extended whenever and wherever possible. The provision instituted by yourself of special prisons or special camps for different classes, however, continues to give a maximum amount of benefit with a minimum of friction.

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10

Works and Industries : Progress durtng the Year. As Inspector and Supervisor of Works I have frequently visited the whole of the prisons and reformatories where work is being carried on. I have again to report a distinct advance in the general management and methods employed. This is principally duo to the fact that of late years the idea which so long obtained regarding the employment of prison labour has become revolutionized. Formerly it was thought unnecessary to provide anything in the way of labour-saving-devices, those in authority at the time considering such ideas as being wasteful and quite uncalledfor. The more enlightened system now in operation whereby the industries of the Prisons Department are conducted on a similar plan to that employed by private employers is bearing good fruit. Take Auckland as an instance :at that prison the quarrying industry was formerly carried on in the old primitive style —hammer and drill for boring, blasting-powder for explosive purposes, a hand-winch, for raising stone to the higher levels. Under this system a revenue of £2,000 for the year was considered very good indeed. Last year, however, owing to the installing of labour-saving appliances coupled with skilled supervision in the form of a qualified energetic quarry-manager, the receipts were in the vicinity of £12,000, and next year it is hoped to increase this. A brief summary of the various works upon which the Department has been concentrating during the year will be found below. Owing to the shortage of funds and the necessity for economy generally, the Department's building operations were limited to the buildings already begun, and the erection of a small number of purely essential residences, farm-buildings, &c. Three cottages for prison officers were completed on the Mount Eden Prison Reserve, and also a shelter-shed for prisoners employed in the quarry, as well as an office for the quarry-manager. A new sentry-post was also built of stone. Quarrying operations were continued, and arrangements were made for the installing of a new crushing plant fitted, with all modern improvements, including an additional crusher for providing materials suitable for concrete-road formation and building purposes. Storagebins, loading-platforms, elevators, and screens, suitable for present-day grading requirements, are being added. At Waikeria Reformatory quarters for single officers have been built and are now in occupation. Two new camps have been opened. This has been made possible by making use of two blocks of buildings formerly used for the housing of mental-hospital patients by converting them into temporary quarters for inmates of the reformatory, who during the past year have been employed on the work of clearing and bringing into cultivation several blocks of land on the Tokanui Mental Hospital Reserve. A bridge was built over the Mangatutu River, and the road connecting the reformatory with the main road widened and improved. A shed for concrete-block-making purposes has been built on the Mental Hospital property, and a tramway connecting this with the shingle deposits in the Puniu River laid down. Foundations for a boundary-wall have also been laid at the main reformatory building. At Waikune roadmaking and sawmilling have been the chief industries. About four miles of road has been formed and many culverts built. A complete sawmill plant has been laid down, and an area of bush secured sufficient for several years. Timber for bridges is being cut for building purposes in connection with our various institutions, and for public-works undertakings. A large deposit of stone suitable for road-metalling purposes has been located, and a portable crusher is being brought into operation. About 12,000 silver-pine fencing-posts have been supplied to the Public Works Department for railway-construction work. At Wi Tako, Trentham, the new Hoffman kiln has been completed, and bricks are now being supplied to various Government Departments requiring same. An additional cottage has been completed, and two more are in course of erection. The whole of these cottages have been built out of materials obtained, from the Mount Cook Prison site from buildings demolished there. The work of clearing the swamp of manuka and draining and fencing has been continued. At Wellington the work of levelling the Technical College site has been continued and is now noaring completion. A considerable amount of levelling has also been done for the Education Department in excavating and levelling the site surrounding the new infant school. During the year the tailors' shop attached to the Terrace Prison was removed to Auckland, where there was better workshop accommodation. At Point Halswell Reformatory for Women an additional area has been brought in and enclosed for gardening purposes. A building consisting of seven rooms has been removed in sections from Mount Cook Prison, re-erected at Point Halswell, and is now occupied, by the female staff. A milking-shed with holding-yard has been built, and water and electric light laid on. A return is now being derived from the sale of butter, pigs, and eggs. Improvements have also been carried out in the way of planting and levelling. The construction of the second cell range at Paparua has materially progressed, the building being now almost ready for the roof. The kitchen block has been completed and is now in use. A septic tank has been built, and high-pressure water-supply from an overhead tank of 6,000-gallons capacity installed. Two additional cottages have been built, and the making of concrete blocks and roofingtiles, also concrete flags for flooring purposes, has been continued. Now piggeries have been built and several new roads formed. At Lyttelton the work of pulling down the old prison has been gone on with. The action taken in this matter has been more than vindicated. Up to the present time material to the value of fully £1,500 has been obtained from the old buildings, and there is still more to come, of an estimated value of £1,000, making the sum of £2,500 altogether. It was therefore a fortunate circumstance that instead of abandoning this building, as was at first suggested, you decided to make use of the material as is now being done.

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Tlie new kitchen block at Invercargill has been completed and a fully equipped hospital added. A large swimming-tank has been built, and arrangements entered into with the Invercargill Borough Council for the supplying of tepid water from their power-station. The subdividing of exercise-yards and building of boundary-walls have been gone on with. Three additional officers' cottages have been built. An additional, lighter, also pontoons for the purpose of carrying the suction-dredge plant, has been provided. A second milking-shed has been built, and a third is now being got ready. Plans have been prepared and arrangements made for building a new range of stables, also a commodious barn. The roading and draining, also fencing on the new farm, have been pushed on. Shelter-trees to the number of 5,000 have been planted, also a number of fruit-trees. The new rifle-range embankment has been completed, and the area enclosed, consisting of 270 acres, has been taken over by the Prisons Department in so far as grazing-rights are concerned. The work of building firing-mounds, stop-banks, and target-galleries for the rifle range the Defence Department is providing for the local Territorial Forces and rifle club is now being put in hand. The Spoy Street drain, which at time of my last report was being cut, has now been completed. This drain is two miles in length, 22 ft. wide at top by 11 ft. at bottom, and of an average depth of 5 ft. Bin. Miles of smaller drains have been cut and miles of fences erected. A suction-dredge plant capable of moving 50 yards of solids per hour lias been procured, and is now being fitted up for the purpose of pumping material from the river-channel and depositing same on low-lying portions of the farm. Once this has been done the Prisons Department will possess one of the finest farms in the whole of Southland. A firewoodcutting plant, also a portable sawmilling plant, is being installed for the purpose of dealing with the timber standing on the 90-acre block recently acquired by the Prisons Department. The work of constructing the eastern embankment, which was part of the original scheme under the agreement entered into with the Invercargill Borough Council, is now nearing completion. Maintenance of the existing embankments, together with work incidental to the development of a farm located upon land which a few years ago was part of the estuary, will continue to keep a considerable number of inmates constantly employed for several years to come. Much has been done, but much still requires to be done. At New Plymouth, metal-quarrying and gardening operations have fully employed the small number of prisoners confined there. , M. Hawkins, Inspector of Prisons and Supervisor of Works.

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Table A. PRISON ACCOMMODATION AND PRISONERS. Table showing Accommodation, Number of Prisoners, etc., at the several Prisons of the Dominion during the Year 1921.

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Name of Prison. Number of Persor is for whom there is Accommodation. In Wards or Cells for more than One Prisoner. umber of Persons at Beginning of Year. Number received during Year. Number disch arged or transferred. Number in Prison at End of Year. In Separate Cells for One Prisoner. Total. Addington (Women's Reformatory) Auckland Invereargill (Borstal Institution).. Napier New Plymouth Paparua (Templeton) Point Halswell (Women's Reformatory) Waikeria (Reformatory) Waikune (Erua) Wellington Wi Tako (Trentham) Minor prisons Police lockups* M. 266 161 7 53 136 F. 26 32 1 3 4 M. 75 17 59 1 34 F. 9 2 5 M. 341 178 66 54 170 F. 35 34 1 8 4 29 M 306 173 15 40 149 F. 25 19 1 T. 25 325 173 16 40 149 29 1,362 158 201 78 420 F 63 112 2 7 76 T. 63 1,474 160 208 78 420 76 M. ; 1,348 161 203 85 411 rj, 73 110 2 8 T. 73 1,458 163 211 85 411 83 M. 320 170 13 33 158 F. 15 21 22 T. 15 341 170 13 33 158 22 27 2 29 83 102 35 88 55 103 38 12 2 89 140 35 100 57 192 39 112 14 108 29 31 112 14 108 29 33 86 38 951 104 987 313 24 13 86 38 951 104 1,011 326 76 18 959 77 985 313 76 18 959 77 1,009 326 122 34 100 56 33 2 122 34 100 56 35 21 18 2 24 13 -- Totals 1,099 1,006 114 327 36 1,333 150 977 76 1,053 4,698 297 4,995 4,636 313 4,949 1,039 60 SicknesB. Greatest Number in Prison at One Time. Least Number in Prison at One Time. Daily Average Number of Prisoners. (c.) Number with Sickof Distinct Prisoners iil on One or More Occasions, Number of Occasions, Total Number of Separate sses, Total Number of Days, and Daily Average on ■list. Name of Prison. (a.) Greatest Number ill at any One Time. (b.) Admissions Year. 33 o 33 » '£ ■H - id ni _ ™ H O <*> 33 S3 i = rn Number of Separate Illnesses Total Number of Days ill. Daily Average on Sick-list. M. F. 23 30 1 4 T. 23 371 183 32 47 170 40 M. F. 11 17 T. 11 282 149 8 31 122 22 ii. F. 16-80 25-00 0-03 0-89 T. 16-80 337-00 167-22 18-72 40-16 141-00 29-90 M. F. 3 4 T. 3 34 10 2 4 6 5 M. F 2 12 7 1 2 5 T. 2 12 7 1 2 5 Addington (Women's Reformatory).. Auckland Invereargill (Borstal Institution) Napier New Plymouth Paparua (Templeton) Point Halswell (Women's Reformatory) Waikeria (Reformatory) Waikune (Erua) Wellington Wi Tako (Trentham) Minor prisons 341 182 28 47 170 40 265 149 8 31 122 22 312-00 167-19 17-83 40-16 141-00 29-90 30 10 2 4 6 5 .. .. 13 132 59 6 9 22 5 I 1 16 18 4 5 1 1 10 1 2 1 .. 3 1 1 .... 1 1 18 179 149 9 28 32 5 128 2,655 1,049 88 399 314 164 0-35 7-27 2-87 0-24 1-09 0-86 0-45 1 10 '.'. 2 4 44 2 I I 126 35 121 57 126 35 121 57 93 12 86 29 93 12 86 29 109-91 22-15 100-30 46-16 35-34 109-91 22-15 100-30 46-16 36-28 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 1 10 2 4 7 5 8 4 4 3 5 2 3 1 .. 1 .. 7 24 22 8 4 327 138 281 209 70 0-90 0-38 0-78 0-57 0-19 0-94 Totals .. - 1 12 •• 81 46 274 6 2 992-04 73-56 1,065-60 69 I 54 18 485 5,822 15-95 * Deemed to he irisons ider the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917.

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Table A1. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1921.

■ri a < 'u ID si o a la ■as 33 .n tH tee a o ax: r= o r-l a o a < si rl rn id a tn 33 C r. 33 33 EC Pi - - 50 o ID ft 55 to O E(a.) In prison at beginning of year — Undergoing — Simple imprisonment Under three months' hard labour Three months' hard labour and under one M. F. 3 1 42 3 32 3 F. 1 3 3 M. F. M. F. M. F. M. 1 6 4 F. | M. j 1 1 10 F. M. 3 23 28 F. M. .. .. F. I M. F. .... 1 1 .. .. 7 .. 7 F. 1 M. F. 5 .. 7 I .. 37 j .. M. 3 F. M. j F. '.'. 13 1 6 | .. F. M. F. m. ; f. 16 3 92 5 128 17 269 9 62 1 349 36 1 .. 1! 9' 14! .. .. 5 2 7 4 year One year's hard labour and upwards Detention as habitual criminals Reformative detention Detention under Prisoners Detention Act. 1915 Sentenced to death 103 1 54 .. 57 8 1 " 1 8 27 80 •• "I 33 1 5 10 2 •• I .. 13 j '4 I •• 26 3 8 I i I .. .-- •• 4 .. 4 1 j .. .. 15 I .. 13 4 13 43 .. 4 .. 41 .. 14 152 [ .. .. .. I :: :: :: I 27! 61 381 I ...... •• •• •• ■• i •• •• Total criminals in prison For trial or on remand In transitu 292 I 16 14 3 •• 16 ' 3 39 1 •• 14 I •• 11 4 29 91 17 •■ - •• 28 .. 25 1 .. .. ..!..: 137 I .. 12 i .. •• !— 173 .. 19 2 .. 10 ! .. 1 . . 917 I 71 58 i 5 1 .. 112 98! 61 •• 1 " — — ■• ■- - I • - I :.. •■ •• "' I * ' Total in prison for criminal offences ' i 306 19 40 14 15 . 29 ! .. 25 149 .. r -•- 1 .o 30 I 2 1 .. 976 76 1 j .. 19 112 1 29 108 1,051 Debtors Lunatics I - - i •• ..... 29 .. 25 •• I * ' •■ Total persons in prison .. 306 19 112 40 14 15 1 | 29 •• 108 •- •• L_ 11 149 i .. j 173 .. | 31 ! 2 1 977 76 1,05! ! I ! 1 l (b.) Received during the year — Sentenced to— Simple imprisonment Under three months' hard labour Three months' hard labour and under one 7 j .. 647 j 44 157 | 24 2 20 5 2 76 34 i i.. 11 460 129 25 .. 13 .. 14 92 .. 18 .. 12 41 .. 3 .. 4 34 .. ....12 .. 4 12 8 16 3 392 7 64 i 2 42 81 16 5 109 8 1,780 79 454 60 117 1,859 514 •• - 1 year One year's hard labour and upwards Hard labour and reformative detention .. Simple imprisonment and sent to an industrial school Hard labour and sent to an industrial school Hard labour and declared habitual criminal Habitual criminal without further sentence shown Death Under conviction for sentence Criminals for reformative detention onlv .. Hard labour, also flogged 42 1 18 3 •• •- 8 '.'. 1 .. I " 1 4 1 4 2 i .. " ■" .. .. 53 11 " 2 .. .. •■ - -- ■• 2 .. .. .. 5 1 24 I .. 4 .. — ■• -• 3 i .. 6 1 I •■ ■■ 172 9 40 4 15 .. 1 .. 181 44 1! .. .. •■ •• . 1 | .. 21 : .. 43 4 1 .. 2 ■• 2 •• ■• •■ 10 .. .. •■ 11 33 .. 3 .. 6 .. 3 .. 3 13 .. 37 .. 34 215 .. 15 .. 9 95 .. 52 .. 43 310 j .. 2 .. 3 8 17 i .. 28 I 1 1 .. 549 13 2 292 ! 7 •• 7 •• 1 .. 58 .. 146 11 2 .. 1 5! 15' ••: ■• •• .. ' .. I ' ' j .. .. ■■ •- •• •• •• Total new prisoners received On remand or for trial 946 I 76 300 24 2 34 24 H — _ — 128 43 5 ! •• I I 1 710 167 I .. .. 37 .. I 15 .. i I 41 24 153 100 ' 6 3 2,778 1171 1,045 ! 60 I 2,94! 1,10! I .. I •• I Total Debtors Lunatics 1,246 100 25 | 1 1 j .. 2 58 11 i ; I - . I 171 13 ! 5 1 .. i ! •• 877 6 52 .. 65 2 841 ; 20 61 .. 3 .. 2 905 20 82 | 4 !_ 2 987 ! 24 253 1 2 i i 9 3,823 231 119 2 6 .. 4,0512 .. • • I I -■■ ■• ■• -• ...... .. .. ! •• .......... Total new persons received On transfer or in transitu 1,272 101 90 I 11 1,362 tll2 2 84 69 9 L_ -. 38 184 17 6 .. 1 104 7 104 883 68 — —! 52 .. 24 .. ! 52 .. 43 312 .. 24 .. 20 108 .. 76 .. 63 ,420 .. 65 93 256 57 9 4 I : — 3,948 233 I 750 64 4,18: 81' Grand totals 86 I —! 78 ! 38 -- :oi. .. 951 — j 76 I .. 158 313 1 13 ,4,698 297 4,698 4,99; I I * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917.

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Table A1— continued. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1921— continued.

a a 33 a — a o ID - - 55 a CO Q iSe a o car a "3 CD o a a <! 3 SrH bo tH > a C c a, CD p-1 DC o a (e.) Discharged during the year — On expiration of sentence — Hard labour Reformative detention. . Simple imprisonment On frail or probation Died Executed Absconded and not retaken Committed suicide Released on recommendation of Prisons Board — Hard labour Reformative detention.. Habitual criminals M. 765 3 4 90 5 1 F. 67 M. 4 11 F. M. F. 23 .. 2 .. 2 .. 2 .. M. ■5 2 F. 51. F. 99 4 17 .. M. 58 2 F. I M. F. M. 562 .. 15 '.. .. 44 .. 1 .. .. F. 36 M. F. .. 27 6 1 .. | 5 M. F. » 180 .. 2 1 ..2 20 .. H. 22 28 7 9 1 F. M. 399 17 29 2 I F. i M. 9 i 60 F. M. F. 5 2,177 148 2,325 64 6 70 105 4 109 1 195 7 202 11 1 12 1 | .. 1 3 .. 3 F. 5 2.325 70 109 202 12 1 " 3 40 .. j 11 I •• 3 '.'. 1 1 "i I ! •• •- •• .. I .. i 1 1 •■ I •• .... ■-J .. .. " l ' ' , .. .. 14 23 31 I 3 11 28 8 2 I 3 2 •■ i I i _ i •• I-: 5 4 •• 4 2 34 . . 4 19 .. 56 I .. 34 19 3 '!■' •- 1 83 9 92 138 9 147 39 .. 39 6 2,816 184 3,000 564 34 598 102 2 104 16 7 23 6 3,498 227 3,725 7 1,138 86 1,224 13 4,636 313 4,949 I , -■ .. .. ■■ - •• "I -- •■ - " 3 .... I .. Total criminals discharged to freedom Acquitted and after remand Debtors Lunatics transferred to mental hosjiitals 936 163 14 7 71 17 1 3 54 44 7 11 12 I i ; . 119 4 58 .. 13 1 —i— 67 .; 631 .. 131 .. 5 1 " i " 768 . . 191 | .. I .. 959 .. .. —: 46 14 | 45 264 84 1 1 264 .. 128 .. 84 .. 16 | 2 1 449 12 112 93 1 : 12 58 .... 2 I 1 3 6 •• - • •• i - 1 I 2 .. 1 ...... I -- ■• 1 -LLniiii 350 .. 144 2 61 .. 17 | .. 411 ..161 2 : — 55 21 62 23 12 6 I — i i i i 46 27 6 7 Total persons discharged from prison Transferred to other prisons or to the police 1,120 228 92 18 ■■ 191 5 12 3 67 10 -• 62 21 •■ 602 14 127 383 10 186 • ■ .. •• — 76 85 18 203 8 77 I i i ! 1 1 Grand totals 1,348 110 II 83 73 ! 985 ! 24 313 13 •• 1 (d.) In prison at end of yearUndergoing — Simple imprisonment .. Under^ three months' hard labour Three'months' hard labour and under one year One year's hard labour and upwards Detention as habitual criminals Reformative detention.. Detention under Prisoners Detention Act, 1915 Sentenced to death 1 38 46 132 46 41 1 5 11 4 59 1 .. 24 | .. -■ :'j 19 11 5 .. 8 .. ■ 20 28 J :: :: 26 36 .. .. ii :: :: 3 2 1 16 •• •• I 3 7 , 46 .. 2 .".' 53 .. 17 i .. 4 37 ..148 .. 7 46 53 4 37 10 .. 3 .. .. 4 .. .. 10 1 11 69 1 70 158 11 169 .. 372 20 392 51 1 52 321 25 346 981 59 1,040 54 1 55 .. | 1 .. 1 4 59 5 .. 8 I 5 1 .. .. I .. .. ! ■• ' ■.. .. 90 ; .. j .. 10 ! .. I .. 100 ......... .. ..•:.■ .. I .. 147 ..167 .. 11 .. 3 .. -• ■• •- i I .. .. •• •• •• •• ■• •■ I j 13 .. •• 18 ! 1 j .. 13 | 1' I .. 1 ..II.. i— I 34 I 56 I —! I— ' I Total criminals in prison For trial or on remand .. In transitu 304 14 21 .22 30 .. 3 .. 13 .. ■• 22 i I 15 •• ' 147 11 -• I •• •• I • • -- ! •• Total in prison for criminal offences .. 318 2 21 ] 22 j 33 .. I I. 34 56 f 22 15 j 158 .. 170 32 2 .. -.1 1 .. .. .. 1,036 j 60 1,096 .. I 3 .. 3 Debtors Lunatics - •• •• .. I .. .. I - * * * 100 .. •• I '• • • .- .. ! 1,039 60 \ 1,09S .... •• Total persons in prison 320 21 ] 22 ■■ 33 .. 34 J 13 .. 56 I •- 22 j 15 158 I ! : I .. i 33 2 .. I II I * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917.

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Table B. Table showing Details of Expenditure of each Prison for the Financial Year ended 31st March, 1922.

Addington. Auckland. Invereargill. Napier. piy^ th H 2^ eU . Paparua. Waikeria. Waikune. Wellington. Wi Tako. 1 Hautu. General t-„+„i Charges. TotaL C Males Daily average number of prisoners < ema eS ' ' [_.Both sexes 16-85 16-85 16-85 316 23 169 iS-3 o-88 38-76 143-47 110-24 27-29 98-49 49-26 34-58 o-45 1007-94 70-08 29-35 16-85 339-00 169-00 19-18 38-76 29-35 H3-47 110-24 27-29 98-49 49-26 34-58 0-45 1,078-02 Expenditure. Salaries and allowances (including uniforms) .. Clothing, bedding, &c. . . . . .. ! Fuel, light, and water . . .. Medicines, medical comforts, and hospital charges Rations Tobacco . . . . . . .. Tools and material for prison labour and expenses, prison works, &c. Material and expenses connected with brickmaking Expenses connected with prison farms Expenses connected with tree-planting camps .. Gratuities to prisoners on discharge Administration of First Offenders and Crimes Amendment Acts Prisoners' industry earnings Payments to prisoners' dependants Travelling-expenses, &c. Printing, stationery, postage, and telephone charges Miscellaneous expenditure £ 641 48 181 46 177 20 "82 44 20 £ 15,160 1,289 1,764 275 4,625 274 2,632 £ 10,832 394 143 3,217 93 1,007 2,288 £ 956 170 262 18 1 £ 2,452 22 172 10 j54 26 23 £ 1,140 83 174 16 369 1 214 190 £ 7.592 522 33° 82 2 ,096 176 356 1,895 £ 7,820 241 416 118 1,717 170 37° 1,898 £ 1,442 81 12 IO 582 83 617 £ 7,932 232 331 108 1,382 97 1,185 £ 2,825 16 44 33 684 65 38i 629 219 £ 2,295 445 59 2,106 16 19 £ £ 4,286 1,508 31 7 1,763 136 j 979 4,450 4,394 644 1,156 £ 65.373 4.452 4,784 911 19,535 1,020 6,961 629 6,490 35i 290 979 4,450 4.394 4.558 2,368 122 3 345 9 8 6 3 3 8 49 66 8 '985 334 922 230 34 18 66 48 91 24 473 129 467 160 no 16 34° 126 143 38 201 45 410 555 18 41 28 91 76 12 61 29 45 480 1,866 Totals Less credits (including transfers from other Departments) 1,271 20 27,870 M.631 20,398 9,890 i,49i 175 3,417 642 2,33° 1,168 13,750 8,901 13,502 7.5oi 3,319 2,758 11,860 1.773 1,552 5.249 150 6 19.834 7°5 129,411 49,866 Xet total expenditure 1,251 1,251 13.239 10,508 1,316 2.775 1,162 4,849 6,001 501 10,087 3.562 5.099 j 19,129 79,54.

H.—2o.

Table C. Table showing the Offences and Degree of Education of Distinct Convicted Prisoners (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1921.

Table D. Table showing the Actual Number of Distinct Convicted Prisoners (exclusive of Maoris) received into Gaol during the Year 1921, classified according to Principal Offence, Birthplace, and Age

16

Offences. Supr Educi rrior ition. Able to ri wrii >ad and le. Able t< on] r read Urrab: rea le to ,d. Toti ils. Offences against the person— Convicted on indictment .. Convicted summarily M. F. M. 48 90 F. M. F. M. 1 F. M. 49 90 F. I i Offences against property — Theft anil deceit Mischief 4 541 18 20 1 1 546 18 20 1 Miscellaneous offences — Vagrancy* Drunkenness Others 1 182 418 600 46 23 16 2 1 3 2 1 184 420 603 48 24 16 Totals 1,897 107 1,910 110 * Inelui [ling im lortuning, consorting with rogue: i, &c.

Offences aj Pen jainst the ion. Offences against Property. Miscellaneous. Convicted on Indictment. Theft and Mischief . Deceit. I M. F. M. F. I Vagrancy.* Drunkenness.! Totals. Summarily convicted. Other Offences. M. F. M. F. M. I F - M. P. M. I F. M. P. Birthplaces— England and Wales . . Scotland Ireland New Zealand Australia Other British possessions China Other countries At sea Not stated 10 1 22 4 4 21 14 8 34 7 3 119 23 21 307 43 10 2 16 1 4 1 9 2 44 10 23 72 15 3 7 2 1 30 6 113 48 66 128 33 7 2 2 2 M 3 1 158 47 52 246 54 13 2 1 10 2 469 I42 172 8l8 158 . 40 13 4 4 71 12 2 6 1 10 1 15 1 1 28 8 3 2 20 79 1 1 13 1 1 I 5 4 1 24 3 Totals 24 603 16 49 90 546 20 18 184 48 420 1,910 no Ages— Under 10 years 10 and under 12 years 12 and under 15 years 15 and under 20 years 20 and under 25 years 25 and under 30 years 30 and under 40 years 40 and under 50 years 50 and under 60 years 60 and over . . Not stated 4 5 2 18 10 16 22 59 99 81 177 90 29 10 4 4 1 7 2 1 1 2 I 6 5 4 ' 6 12 2 1 12 29 III 141 77 48 2 1 21 80 90 151 158 68 34 1 I I 102 225 2 39 528 466 218 7 6 8 36 33 10 8 7 9 3 1 19 15 5 3 9 47 51 30 29 4 18 16 2 1 12 9 2 5 2 4 3 1 2 I 127 5 1 2 Totals, 1921 . . 49 90 546 20 18 184 48 420 24 j 603 16 1,910 no Totals, 1920 . . 77 5 91 554 20 32 158 56 268 18 573 14 i,753 118 * Including importuniii] t It must be rememben tables do not represent the g ei e I, consi id thai I full n ortin; g with rogues, &c. nkenness is punishf st of persons punis ire by f: 3r that ioiiiueiil t, so t hat the res in th( : dru [Uinbi ;d mc lied h han by imprii ice. e gaol me t offei figu:

H.—2o.

Table E. PRISONS.—NEW-ZEALAND-BORN PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1921. Table showing the Number of Distinct New-Zealand-born Convicted Prisoners of each Sex (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1921, classified according to Ages and Offences.

Table E1. PRISONS.—MAORI PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1921. Table showing the Number, Ages, and Offences of Distinct Convicted Maoris (Male and Female) received into the various Gaols during the Year 1921.

3—IT. 20.

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Offences. it j™ m 1" an d 12 and 15 and under ill. uader 12 . under 15. under 20. M. P. M. P. M F. | M. I P. I 20 s undci md 25 and 30 and 10 arrd r 25. under 30. under JO. upwards. P. M. P. M. j P. M. F. 8 tat°ed. T ° tel Is. M. M. P. M. P. Offences against the person— Convicted on indictment Convicted summarily Offences against property — Theft and deceit Mischief Vagrancy* Drunkenness Other offences 4 5 3 4 1 9 8 7 6 9 22 . . .. 34 49 3 68 3 47 5 4 9 41 1 96 3 23 38 62 6 1 13 1 7 47 1 31 76 90 3 .. .. 307 .... 9 .. .. 72 1 1 128 1 .. 246 16 1 30 14 10 0 2 8 4 42 1 1 3 11 11 2 1 1 10 1 Totals, 1921 74 6 129 5 116 4 237 28 260 27 2 2 1 818 71 Totals, 1920 1 65 9 145 6 125 5 211 28 249 25 .. .. 796 73 I 67 II 89 Totals, 1919 I ' ' 1 6 89 6 251 30 196 30 .. .. 693 83 Totals, 1918 1 57 5 93 7 111 II 234 31 165 27 .. .. 660 81 Totals, 1917 3 62 8 125 11 123 12 280 58 247 46 .. .. 840 135 Totals, 1916 59 III 91 7 124 16 274 59 245 41 .. .. 793 133 Totals, 1915 57 6 128 9 1.75 31 390 •65 271 39 .. .. 1,021 150 Totals, 1914 2 75 4 157 6 216 31 416 58 268 47 .. .. 1,134 146 Totals, 1913 1 I 1 1 81 7 172 10 183 20 391 58 200 30 .. .. 1,028 126 Totals, 1912 1 I 92 4 197 7 197 25 354 48 176 32 .. .. 1,017 117 Totals, 1911 4 59 3 158 13 189 17 333 44 173 31) .. .. 916 107 Totals, 1910 2 75 3 199 9 249 35 331 51 182 28 .. .. 1,038 126 Totals, 1909 2 66 4 174 15 236 28 298 53 192 28 . . .. 968 128 Totals, 1908 1 5 71 4 190 17 203 24 287 43 118 22 .. .. 875 110 Totals, 1907 2 1 79 5 181 23 213 33 256 44 113 19 .. .. 844 125 Totals, 1906 2 82 9 189 20 219 26 249 39 J 20 18 .. .. 861 112 Totals, 1905 I I • • I I 1 76 8 172 25 196 27 195 38 99 17 .. .. 739 115 Totals, 1904 1 2 3 83 9 172 25 219 19 187 34 73 17 ., .. 740 104 i 'I 191 16 103 Totals, 1903 2 I 5 79 9 187 21 177 36 00 21 . . .. 701 Totals, 1902 2 77 5 192 9 147 17 128 35 57 12 I •■ .. . . 603 78 * Inflinl iing i nporti Lriing, corral irting w dth rogues, ;c.

Under 10 and 12 10. under 12. undi and 15 !V 15. undi and 20 and 25 and 30 and 40 and Tntnia sr20. under 25. under 30. under 40. upwada. «»»• Offences. M. P. M. P. M. F. M. P. M. P. M. F. M. P. M. P. M. F. Offences against the person — Convicted on indictment .. Summarily convicted Theft and deceit Mischief I I 8 2 2 16 2 2 10 •• I I "• 1 I 11. 1 3 I 1 3 5 6 K 48 1 I 0 32 1 Vagrancy Drunkenness Other offences 1 1 10 1 7 i 9 Totals 10 31 22 23 1 13 99 1

H.— 20.

Table F. Table showing Distinct Persons (excluding Maoris) imprisoned after Conviction during each of the last Ten Years.

Table G. Table showing Distinct Convicted Prisoners (excluding Maoris) received during the Year 1921 and sentenced to Reformative Treatment or declared Habitual Criminals, classified according to Sentences.

18

Sentenced to Beformative Treatment for a Period not exceeding exceeding Head Sentence. 6 Months. 12 Months. 18 Months. 2 Years. 3 Years. 4 Years. ; 5 Years. , 6 Years. ! i Declared Habitual 7 Years. 8 Years. 9 Years. 10 Years. Crunmals - Totals. Reformative treatment only .. Declared habitual criminal Under 1 week 1 week and under 1 month 1 month ,, 3 months 3 months „ 6 ,, 6 „ 9 9 „ „ .12 1 year „ 2 years 2 years ,, 3 „ 3 „ 4 „ 4 „ „ 5 „ 5 „ 7 „ 7 „ „ 10 „ M. 2 F. I M. F. M. F. 16 3 1 .. M. F. 33 3 M. 38 F. M. 3 5 F. M. .. 10 I I I I ! F. M. F. M. F. 1 .. M. F. M. F. M. _ I .. I _ I _, I F. M. F. ' M. 106 1 .. 1 F. 9 I •• •• - I •" '* 2 2 .. .. 5 .. ..- .. 2 .. 2 .. 25 5 3 .. 2 .. 1 .. 2 .. 38 3 2 1 1 3 1 i .. .. ........ .. .......... .... ...... I .. .......... i i 6 7 3 .. 10 I 3 '.. 7 3 .. 5 2 .. .. • .. .. .. | .. .. .. .. ......... .. .. •• •• I •• ! •■. •• •• -- I 3 I 6 ........ | .. 10 ..142 Totals I 2 4 6 .. 10 ; .. I .. .. 1 .. 11 I i i I I I I 1 I

Year. Prisoners. Proportion per 10,000 of Mean Population. Year. Prisoners. Proportion per 10,000 of Mean Population. 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 3,023 3,229 3.386 2,924 2,404 29-10 3022 31-05 26-60 21-87 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 2,399 1,701 1,725 1,871 2,020 21-84 15-42 15-18 15-86 16-50

H.—2o.

Table H. Return of Prison Offences and Punishments for the Year ended 31st December, 1921.

Table I. Visits of the Visiting Justices to the Larger Prisons during the Year 1921.

Approximate Cost of Paper. — Preparation, not given; printing (775 copies), £35.

By Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l.922.

Price 'Jd.\

19

| ■ Offences. Prison. Total Offences. Number of Prisoners punished. Total Number of Prisoners in Custody during the Year. Against Officers. Disobedience of Orders, and Idleness. Other Breaches of Regulations. Addington Auckland Invereargill Napier New Plymouth .. Paparua Point Halswelll Waikeria Waikune Wellington Wi Tako 2 49 40 1 5 19 1 2 111 88 3 16 15 6 41 1 19 8 6 191 199 3 17 78 6 46 2 23 2 10 351 327 7 38 112 13 87 10 47 13 9 290 212 3 26 85 9 57 3 22 6 88 1,799 333 224 118 569 105 198 52 1,059 133 7 5 3 Totals .. 132 310 573 1,015 722 4,678

Prisons and Visiting Justices. a r5 | S3 PH IS ft I I r-i t_ I M rQ I -p 50 rO s u o $ S3 a S o V -Q S o H^ o H Addington — S. B. McCarthy, S.M... Auckland — R, MoKean, S.M. E. 0. Cutten, S.M. .. J. W. Poynton, S.M. .. J. H. Bradney T. Duncan .. H. W. Bundle, S.M. .. Invereargill — G. Oruiokshank, S.M. .. J. Crosby Smith W. A. Ott J. Stead Napier — J. S. Large .. R. W. Dyer, S.M. New Plymouth — E. C. J. Bellringer .. C. H. Burgess T. A. B. Bailey, S.M... E. Dookrill .. Paparua — J. A. A. Caesar S. E. McCarthy, S.M... Point Halswell — F. K. Hunt, S.M. E. Arnold .. H. Hume Waikeria — H. R. Ryder . J. B. Teasdale Waikune — J. Cullen Wellington — E. Arnold .. H. Hume F. K. Hunt, S.M. Wi Tako— H. Hume E. Arnold I 1 2 3 1 i l 3 2 4 1 i 1 1 1 2 3 1 i 1 1 1 2 2 2 r 3 *2 j .. I 3 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 i 2 1 2 i 1 1 ' 1 i 3 i 3 1 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 2 4 1 1 1 i i 2 2 2 3 1 2 4 1 1 4 5 I I 21 2 1 9 37 2 1 7 3 15 1 2 3 i 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 16 1 i l i ' I 1 2 1 1 i 1 2 3 >.) 2 2 l 1 I 1 1 i 1 8 1 1 3 1 1 6 1 1 3 1 4 2 7 1 4 3 4 4 4 3 5 1 2 1 5 2 1 3 2 3 3 45 24 ] 1 1 1 <r i