EDUCATION: SPECIAL SCHOOLS. AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of 8.-4, 1913.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1914 Session I, E-04

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1914. NEW ZEALAND.

EDUCATION: SPECIAL SCHOOLS. AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of 8.-4, 1913.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTENTS. Page Page 1. Extract from the Annual Report (E.-l) of the Infant-life Protection — continued. Minister of Education — Rates of Payments to Foster-parents by Afflicted and Dependent Children.. .. 2 Parents or Guardians .. .. ..10 Infant-life Protection .. .. .. 3 Exempted Institutions .. .. 11 School for the Deaf, Sumner .. .. 3 Deaths .. .. .. .. 11 Jubilee Institute for the Blind, Auckland .. 4 Adoptions .. .. .. ..12 Special School for the Feeble-minded, Illegitimacy .. .. .. ..12 Otekaike .. .. .. .. 4 5. School for the Deaf, Sumner — 2. Industrial Schools— Extract from the Report of the Director .. 13 Financial Tables .. .. .. 5 Statistics respecting Inmates .. .. 6 6. Special School for the Feeble-minded, Otekaike— 3. Oostley Training Institution— ' Extract from the Report of the Principal .. 13 Statement of Aooounts .. .. .. 9 . Appendix— 4. Infant-life Protection — Infant-life Protection— Report of the Secretary for Education .. 9 Particulars of Deaths in Foster-homes and Number of Infants in Licensed Homes .. 9 Exempted Institutions ~ ~ 16

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No. I.—EXTEACT FEOM TBE THIBTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL EEPOET OF THE MINISTEE OF EDUCATION.

SPECIAL SCHOOLS. Afflicted and Dependent Children. The number of children brought under the operation of the Industrial Schools Act in 1913 was 328, being seventy-seven less than for the preceding year. The number whose names were written off the books was 204, leaving a total roll number of 2,908. Of these 1,777 were boys and 1,131 girls. The classification of the children was as follows :— Boarded out — From Government industrial schools .. .. .. .. 995 From private industrial schools .. .. .. .. .. 1 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 996 In residence — In Government industrial schools (other than reformatories) .. .. 419 At private (Koman Catholic) industrial schools .. .. .. 281 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. ..700 At reformatories (boys) .. .. .. .. .. .. 142 (girls) .. .. ..74 Total , .. .. .. .. .. .. ..216 In situations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 500 With friends on probation .. .. .. . . .. .. 297 Under private guardianship .. .. .. .. .. 52 In hospitals, private institutions, absent without leave, in prison, &c. .. 147 In the total number on the books are included twelve young women and one young man who are more than twenty-one years of age ; and control of them is maintained under the law that provides for detention beyond that age of any young person who a Magistrate is satisfied is. morally degenerate or otherwise in the public interest unfitted to be free from guidance. These cases will be reviewed every four years, and by like procedure detention may be indefinitely prolonged. The power of placing out applies as though the inmate were under twenty-one. At each hearing counsel is provided at Government expense for the person concerned. By similar provisions in the Education Act young people of feeble mind may be detained under the guidance of special schools. In this way lifelong control will be retained in case of necessity, and thus the public interest and that of young people who, without support, must surely fail signally in life are effectively safeguarded. The number of children maintained at the public cost was 1,896. The parental contributions under orders of Court, agreements, &c, amounted to £8,092, being at the rate of £4 ss. sd. per head of those maintained. This is an increase of Is. 6d. per head over the rate for the preceding year. The net expenditure for the last financial year on account of industrial-school children, exclusive of capital charges for additional buildings, works, and purchase of property (£41,003), shows an increase of £5,249, which is mainly accounted for by the fact that 124 more children were maintained. Tables 11 and 12 give particulars of the expenditure during the year. Last Financial Proceeding Year. Year. Payments by Charitable Aid Boards for maintenance of children who came into Government schools owing £ £ to indigence (included in the total sum recovered).. 11,290 10,677 Number of children at the end of the year belonging to Government schools who were so paid for .. 759 766 Number maintained at the expense of Charitable Aid Boards at private industrial schools ~ ~ 138 117

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The amount paid by the Charitable Aid Boards oh account of children sent to the four private industrial schools as indigent is not stated here, as the Managers of these schools make their claims upon the Boards without reference to the Education Department. Moneys are on deposit at interest in the Post Office Savings-bank that were earned people who are, or while under control were, in situations, or who, though it is advisable to have them in residence, are able to do work of more value than the cost of their keep. The disposal of these moneys is by law at the discretion of the Minister of Education, who may direct that payment be made either to the earner or to the Public Account. In practice payment is made to an applicant who, after the control of the school has ceased, shows evidence of good character, and that the proposed investment of the money is likely to be to his lasting advantage. On the other hand, the Minister may order forfeiture of the money when a former inmate proves that he is unworthy of consideration. At the end of the year the total amount deposited in the Post Office Savingsbank on account of the earnings of young people who are now or were formerly under the control of industrial schools was £33,459 7s. Id., the Government schools accounts having £29,554 9s. Bd. to credit, and the private (Eoman Catholic) schools £3,904 17s. sd. The withdrawals from these accounts during the year were £4,247 19s. 7d. and £301 18s. 3d. respectively. Infant-life Protection. The infant-life protection system deals with children under six years of age who are placed privately by their parents or guardians in foster-homes for payment. To a large extent they are the illegitimate children of young girls. They are not, as industrial-school children are, under State guardianship, but the homes of the foster-parents are licensed to receive children, the number that may be retained in the home being limited strictly by the license according to the capacity of the home. The number of homes thus licensed was 950 at the end of the year, and the number of children in them under oversight during the year was 1,330, an increase of 102 over last year. Of this total the number of infants under one year was 534. Thirteen children died, being 0-98 per cent, of those in the homes. The deathrate of children under the infant-life protection system has steadily decreased from 2-56 in 1908 to 0-98 for the two past years. Of the thirteen children who died, eight were in foster-homes, and five in hospitals or nursing-homes to which they had been removed for treatment, so that the deaths in foster-homes represented 0-60 per cent, of the total number dealt with. The expenditure for the year ended the 31st March, 1914, was £1,352, as follows : — £ Salaries of visiting nurses and local representatives .. .. .. 986 Travelling-expenses of district agents, visiting nurses, and local representatives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 221 Payment to foster-parents for board of infants .. .. .. 147 Medical attendance .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 Office expenses (including rent) and sundries .. .. .. .. 74 1,443 Less recoveries .. .. .. .. .. .. 91 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,352 For the preceding year the amount was £1,261. School for the Deaf, Sumner. Number of pupils who returned to the school in February, 1913, after the summer vacation .. .. .. .. .. .. 89 Receiving instruction at Government experimental farm .. .. .. 1 Number admitted during the school year .. .. .. ..14 Left during or at the end of the school year .. .. .. .. 1 Number remaining on the roll after the close of the school year .. .. 103

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The expenditure on. the school for the last two financial years respectively was as follows:— Last Financial Year. Proceeding Year. 1913-14. 1912-13. £ £ Salaries .. .. .. .. .. 3,574 3,486 Maintenance of pupils and sundry expenses .. 1,796 1,832 Maintenance of buildings and water charges .. 216 460 Additional buildings .. .. ..1,553 2,797 7,139 8,575 Less — Amount collected from parents by way of maintenance contributions .. 1,173 1,034 Amount collected from Charitable Aid Boards .. .. .. 1,210 1,197 Sundry other recoveries .. .. 1 5 2,384 2,236 Net expenditure .. .. .. .. £4,755* £6,339* * Including for 1912-13 £225 and for last year £274, paid from national endowment revenue. Jubilee Institute for the Blind, Auckland. This institution is governed by a Board of Trustees, four of whom are appointed by the Government and the remaining five elected by the subscribers to the funds of the Institute. As the Institute comes within the scope of the Hospitals and Charitable Institutions Act, subsidy at the rate of 245. in the pound is payable by the Government on voluntary contributions received by the Board, and 10s. in the pound on the value of bequests. The amount paid by the Government towards the cost of training twenty-nine pupils was £767, and the amount refunded to the Government during the year by parents and Charitable Aid Boards was £731, the Boards paying £402. The sum payable by the Government as subsidy to the Board of Trustees under the provisions of the Hospitals and Charitable Institutions Act was £2,164 Is. Id. Special School for the Feeble-minded, Otekaike. Numbers as at 31st December, 1913: — M. ¥. In residence .. .. .. .. .. 69 Boarded out ... .. .. .. .. .. 4 Total of both sexes .. .. .. .. .. 73 Of the above number under control ten were over twenty-one years of age. The procedure in regard to the retention of control beyond that age is similar to that already described in respect of inmates of industrial schools. 1912-13. 1913-14. £ £ Salaries .. .. .. .. .. 2,127 2,471 Maintenance of pupils .. .. ... 2,119 2,426 Maintenance of buildings .. .. *■ .. 524 315 Farm and stock ...... .. 485 270 Additional buildings, furniture, &c. .. .. 160 121 5,415 5,603 Less — Amount collected from parents by way of maintenance contributions .. 862 777 Amount collected from Charitable Aid Boards .. .. ..810 857 Sundry other recoveries .. .. 207 83 1,879 1,717 Net expenditure .. .. .. .. £3,536* £3,886*

* Including for 1912-13 £225, and for last year £274 from national endowment revenue.

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No. 2. —INDUSTBIAL SCHOOLS.

Table 11.— Expenditure on Government Schools, 1913-14.

Table 12.—Government Expenditure on Private (Roman Catholic) Schools, 1913-14.

Table 13.—Summary of Expenditure on Special Cases at Other Institutions, 1913-14.

Government Schools. N I U ™atee f Cost of School, dlSt JJeCem- ,,4-v.ftr Wnrks ber, 1913. otner woiks. (1.) (2.) Boarding out. (Included in column (2).) Salaries. (Included in column (2).) New Buildings and other Works. (Included in column (2).) Kecoveries from Parents and others, and Sales from Farms, &c. (6.) Net Cost. (3.) (4.) (5.) (7.) Luokland .. 209 3,885 0 0 3oya' Training- 374 9,668 0 0 farm, Weraroa teceiving Home, 566 11,134 0 0 Wellington 3oys'Industrial i 215 | 8,647 0 0 School, Stoke | teceiving Home.j 405 I 8,016 0 0 Christohuroh 'eOrangaHome 106 4,769 0 0 iurnham .. 260 10,158 0 0 Javersbam .: 357 6,763 0 0 209 374 £ s. d. 3,885 0 0 9,668 0 0 £ s. d. 1,814 0 0 £ s.-d. 758 0 0 2,648 0 0 £ s. d. 168"o 0 £ s. d. 1,520 0 0 2,617 0 0 £ s. d. 2,365 0 0 7,051 0 0 566 11,134 0 0 8,103 0 0 984 0 0 242 0 0 6,419 0 0 4,715 0 0 215 I 8,647 0 0 737 0 0 2,123 0 0 1,579 0 0 1,650 0 0 6,997 0 0 405 8,016 0 0 6,012 0 0 847 0 0 3,743 0 0 4,273 0 0 106 260 357 4,769 0 0 10,158 0 0 6,763 0 0 1,189 0 0 3,236 0 0 1,021 0 0 1,502 0 0 963 0 0 218 0 0 1,336 0 0 3,806 0 0 4,551 0 0 8,822 0 0 2,957 0 0 4,104 0 0 Totals .. 2,492 63,040 0 0 lalaries, travelling-allowances, and expens> officers, &c.) Lmount paid to Postal Department for paym Sundries 63,040 0 0 is of certain ♦20,770 0 0 12,806 0 0 departmental officers (Inspec 4,454 0 0 otors, visiting 21,309 0 0 2,508 0 0 41,731 0 0 ant of boarding ;-out orders 100 0 0 64 0 0 Total net cost 44,403 0 Of * Exclusive of cost of administration, inspection, &c. t Including £1,925 paid from National Endowment revenue.

Name of School. Gross Cost. Becoveries. Net Cost. St. Mary's, Auckland.. St. Joseph's, Wellington St. Mary's, Nelson St. Vincent de Paul's, Dunedin Totals .. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 964 0 0 346 0 0 618 0 0 182 0 0 38 0 0 144 0 0 322 0 0 188 0 0 134 0 0 83 0 0 55 0 0 28 0 0 1,551 0 0 627 0 0 924 0 0

Schools. Auckland TeOranga Home. St - Vin D C^^ 1 e , 1 PaUl ' S ' Total. Luokland— Door of Hope Institution St. Mary's Home, Otahuhu Orphan Home, Papatoetoe Vellington— Home of Compassion, Island Bay 'hristchurch Mount Magdala £ s. d. 73 0 0 7 0 0 18 0 0 £ s. a. £ s. d. £ s. d. 73 0 0 7 0 0 18 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 30 0 0 30 0 0 Totals 98 0 0 30 0 0 2 0 0 130 0 0

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Table 14.—Numbers under Control, 31st December, 1913.

Table 15.—Admissions in 1913, classified according to Cause of Admission.

Go' jnt Schools. i.' Private Scho* All Schoi ils. 'ernmi ils. Location. cq B. G. B. : B. G. m 13 s Id igl I i i ' « 11 tea s>g,ai.a -9 B <e s , " 4 ill I i : m ii G. B. G. B. B. G. B. G. G. J : 05 lad O d o ■ <D 5 3^ o ■" I o man a . < $ ' .S I o I ! 3 £ ce B. is. a. G. In the schools .. Boarded out With friends At service Under guardianship In hospitals, convalescent homep, &c. In mental hospitals At School for the Deaf At Special School, Otekaike Under control of refuges and cognate institutions Under control of orphanage, cottage homes, &c. In gaol Absent without leave 52 r Q 4 39 42 11 28 201 30 107 I 8 242 32 34 i 8i 6 164 34 21 7 114 20 21 55 1 74 *3 21 147 15! 25 10 11 181 ■ 7 39 t 142 .. .. 109 47 24 27 29 1 14 40 881 18 30 2 63 23 21 57 ii 31 45 (i 9 21 1 ?A O 53 1 4 9 557 570 198 307 38 359 426 99 193 14 916 996 297 ! 500 52 507 409 864 132 194 103 342 158 49 3 1 1 1 1 1 .. 1 3 8 11 8 3 a 2 2 4 a 7 7 1 1 1 i 2 1 1 2 5 2 16 16 15 1 18 1 4 4 1 24 24 18 1 2 3 5 3 i 31 'a *2 i A 6 34 1 6 75 i 6 76 4 65 2 11 Totals 135 374 ,329 237 215 106 209 196 260 178 179 108 103 62 30 ■15 68 1,777 2,908 2,077 74 1,131 831

Govej rnment Sc] [OOlS. :ivate Schools. All Schools. Admitted as 3 O MS ■9 8 u a m a . SI .5 <u h ffl .9 e - a If- I g 10 ; g a~ o o MS ■p.s II « I I i p o i ■S-S If Mi o S e g « a 02 B. G. B. G. j B. G. B. i i B. G. B. G. G. B. G. j G. Cβ O n I . X "3 •w o C5 Eh B. G. ](. Destitute .. Vagrant .. in disreputable associations Sot under proper control (complaint by police) Uncontrollable (complaint by parent) Accused or guilty of punishable offences transferred from gaol 3y private arrangement 5 7 2 4 7 3 3 37 4 15 1 2 1 1 1 'a 8 2 1 1 1 3 2 8 5 4 2 1 4 4 1 6 1 51 12 12 47 11 16 98 23 28 3 1 12 2 3 5 7 2 9 4 2 8 8 1 1 31 27 58 1 6 6 1 7 1 54 2 6 1 19 1 1 7 2 1 90 5 95 6 10 10 1 6 2 16 3 'i 2 Totals 17 75 45 21 13 15 5 22 10 2 213 115 328 17 31 16 16 10 5 1 7

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Table 16.—Admissions in 1913, classified according to Parents' Circumstances and Character.

The numbers of children admitted were —From Auckland, 66 ; from Wellington, 69 ; from Christchurch, 50; and from Dunedin, 27. From Whangarei and Westport respectively 14 and 11 were admitted, while in no case were more than 9 sent from any of the other smaller towns. The records show that, of the total number of children received, 25 per cent, were known to be illegitimate. When children are before the Courts the Magistrates, after hearing evidence, direct in what religious denomination they are to be brought up. The orders made in 1913 show the denominations to be as follows : Church of England, 169 ; Roman Catholic, 100 ; Presbyterian, 39 ; Methodist, 12 ; Salvation Army, 1 ; Congregational, 1 ; Jewish, 1 ; Baptist, 4. In one case no order was made. The number of inmates over whom the control of the schools terminated during the year was 204. Of this number, 122 were then of good character, 5 fair, 1 bad, 3 were married, 29 were discharged under the age of fifteen years (6 of whom were legally adopted). In 27 cases information as to character cannot be given, the whereabouts of the inmates (who were absent without leave) being unknown at the time of termination of the period of control. There were 17 deaths, particulars of which appear in the following table:—

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Pri wedent Jonditi. >n of Children ai Imittei in 1913. Fathers described as Mothers described as 2» si ■11 <3 5 in o g fc ■§1.1 3 9 t> « j> j?H O OCL Cfl-rH 1 a ■o a If I o s 0 I ! £ Total. 6 1 m Q )ead 'hysioally unfit lentally unfit food 5ad '.'. Dead Good Questionable Bad Unknown Dead Good Deserter .. Mentally unfit Dead Mentally unfit Dead Good Questionable Bad Mentally unfit Deserter .. Physically unfit Dead Good Questionable Bad Mentally unfit Dead Good Questionable Bad Deserter .. Physically unfit Dead Good Bad Dead Good Questionable Bad Unknown Deserter . . Mentally unfit 2 3 2 1 6 1 1 5 3 1 '7 3 1 1 i 'a 3 13 1 '2 3 I 5 6 10 2 1 i 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 14 1 "2 5 36 2 I 2 2 1 1 1 I 1 i '2 7 i 1 5 20 2 4 4 6 1 1 6 3 1 17 60 8 6 1 2 3 16 3 2 9 7 4 19 11 20 1 4 3 7 1 1 16 7 16 12 6 6 2 3 1 2 2 5 Juestionablo . . 1 1 5 4 7 1 1 12 3 ,, . ; . i 12 i i )eserter 4 3 7 1 Jnknown 10 4 8 6 4 5 3 1 1 2 1 3 2 1. 1 4 3 2 1 98 28 7 23 58 96 Iβ 328

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Table 17.—Deaths, 1913.

Table 18.—Discharges, 1913.

Under the provisions of the Industrial Schools Act, 1909, power is given for the detention beyond the age of twenty-one years of any inmate who, upon application being made to a Magistrate by the Manager of the school at the direction of the Minister of Education, is found to be morally degenerate or otherwise not (in the public interest) a fit person to be free from control. In the three years since this Act came into operation there have been nine orders issued extending the period of control, eight of the inmates concerned being girls. The Act provides for extension for four years, and gives power to the Court on similar procedure to renew the order from time to time for a period of four years. It is expected that the number of those over whom authority beyond twenty-one years will be needed will always be small in proportion to the whole number of inmates; but the value of such an enactment in respect of the remainder who have to be detained is obvious, both in their own interest and in that of the community at large.

Age at Death. Years. Months. Status at Death. Certified Cause of Death. School to which belonging. 3 4 5 5 10 1 5 At board Acute bronchitis; exhaustion Gastritis; prematurity Marasmus; exhaustion Inflammation of the bowels ; broncho-pneumonia Heart-failure; broncho-pneumonia Chronic gastritis ; marasmus Tuberculous meningitis, following tuberculous hip-disease Influenza ; asthenia Hydatids ; syncope Septic meningitis ; middle-ear disease Tuberculosis of the lungs ; pneumo-thorax .. Tuberculous disease of hips; exhaustion Multiple sarcomata ; asphyxia Consumption Drowning ; fell overboard from steamer " Wairua," Wanganui River Pulmonary tuberculosis: heart-failure Consumption Caversham. Wellington Receiving Home. 3 3 Hospital.. Caversham. Wellington Receiving Home. 5 5 1 I 14 15 16 16 19 4 10 4 8 4 5 9 At board With friends Hospital.. St. Vincent de Paul's. Wellington Receiving Home. With friends Weraroa. Te Oranga Home. Wellington Receiving Home. 19 20 2 4 Hospital.. With friends Christchurch Receiving Home. St. Mary's, Auckland.

Govei rnment Schi >ols. Eri Lvate ichools. All Schools. Cause of Termination of Control. Auckland. Boys' Training Farm, Weraroa. Receiving Home, Wellington. s o a d 2 S offi EH Beceiving 9 Home, Christ- a church. £j W B. G. B. Caversham. St. Mary's, Auckland. to" 4= a? &B f-5 ft 5J£ Mai Nell it. son. fl d « B. (i. B. B. G. B, G. B. G. B. G. G. B. G. G. I n 1 Warrant of discharge Death .. Beached age of 21 years Marriage Totals I 41 10 10 14 6 8 I 21 3 8 2 1 .. 1 9 3 12 3 101 133 1 10 8 1 2 1 18 14 32 1 13 1 I .. 3 I 1 9 1 2 2 7 8 1 11 24 6 27 17 51 1 1 3 3 1 1 52 14 10 9 19 30 3 12 6 3 1 136 68 204 18

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No. 3. —COSTLEY TRAINING INSTITUTION.

Balance-sheet for Year ending 31st December, 1913. Liabilities. 4 ssets. _. , £ s. d. £ s. d. Gostley bequest .. .. .. 12,150 0 0 Mortgages .. .. .. .. 15,800 0 0 Rebecca Hodge bequest .. .. 742 3 9 Accrued interest .. .. .. 184 811 Boys' savings .. .. .. 12 0 6 Bank of New Zealand .. .. 4 5 2 Revenue Account .. .. .. 3,001 810 Jackson and Russell .. .. .. 83 1 0 £15,988J14 1 £15,988 14 1 Rβvenue Account. £ s. d. 1 £ s. d. To Expenses (office rent, &c, £25) .. 34 9 0 By Balance as per last account .. 2,272 0 7 „ Maintenance .. .. .. 137 7 7 „ Interest received .. .. .. 901 410 „ Balance as per above .. .. 3,001 810 £3,173 5 5 £3,173 5 5 Auckland, 2nd February, 1914. C. Hudson, F.P.A.N.Z. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer. Examined and found correct.—R. J. Collins, Controller and Auditor-General.

No. 4.—INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY FOR EDUCATION. Education Department, Wellington, 31st May, 1914. The Hon. the Minister of Education. I submit the following report on the work of the epartment in respect of infant-life protection for the year 1913. It will be seen that the bulk of the infants were in foster-homes —that is, with women who have the motherly capacity and the time and accommodation necessary to satisfy the Department's requirements for the license prescribed by the Act. The .remainder were in various benevolent institutions, of which particulars are given below. Numbers. The number of infants in licensed foster-homes on the 31st December was 807, which is 33 more than there were at the beginning of the year. The individuals changed to a much greater extent than those figures indicate, however; the total number of individuals dealt with in connexion with fosterhomes during the year, by admissions, withdrawals, transfers, &c, being 1,330. The number placed in foster-homes was 35 more than in the previous year, and the number removed from the homes was 69 more. In the institutions there were 464 at the end of the year, making in all a total of 1,271 infants being dealt with under the Act on the 31st December, 1913—an increase of 67 over the number on the books a year previously. The following table exhibits the transactions of the year in respect of infants in licensed fosterhomes : —

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Particulars of Children on the Books and Removals from Licensed Foster-homes DURING 1913.

Children withdrawn from Homes and those remaining on the Books.

Foster-homes. The 807 infants in foster-homes at the end of the year were distributed as follows :— In 482 homes each having one .. . . .. . . .. . . 482 In 90 „ two . . .. .. . . .. . . 180 In 27 „ three .. .. . . .. 81 In 8 „ four .. .. . . .. .. 32 In 4 „ five .. .. .. .. .. ..20 In 2 „ six .. . . .. .. .. 12 613 807 Thirty-six of the homes were those in which children under six were boarded out by Charitable Aid Boards. The total number of licensed homes was 950, so that at the end of the year there were 337 licensed homes in which for the time being no infants were boarded. Rates of Payments to Foster-parents by Parents or Guardians. An account of the rates paid is given in the following statement: — 3 at the rate of 2s. 6d. per week. 482 at the rate of 10s. per week. 1 „ 3s. 6d. „ 13 „ 11s. 1 „ 4s. 6d. „ 31 „ 12s. 16 „ ss. ~ 36 „ 12s. 6d. 3 „ 6s. „ 1 „ 14s. 27 „ 7s. „ 7 „ 15s. 66 „ 7s. 6d. „ 1 „ 15s. 6d. 52 „ Bs. „ 1 „ 20s. 7 „ Bs. 6d. „ 1 „ 21s. 9 „ 9s. Generally, the relations of the infants provide clothing in addition.

2 1*8 F III pq GO I o " 1*8 I a - 1 o G<1 CO ! "<# 1C CD T3(» T3© T3© T3© £ rH MH (N(+H C*5iH ! «H 1O«H K^W) II f J : 11 ll |j r I pq ! pq pq I H Entered, ow <//e Books. On the books at the beginning of the year Placed in licensed homes during the year Adopted with premium (exclusive of those already on the books) 80 260 14 95 80 5 161 131 ; 95 87 75 50 774 77 40 31 24 20 .. 532 3 2 24 Total 354 180 241 173 126 111 95 50 1,330

Removed from foster-homes by parents or guardians Deaths Adoptions from licensed homes without premiums In homes to which exemption was granted Brought under the operation of the Industrial Schools Act Written off the books for various 42 65 91 70 27 37 1 1 I 19 2 15 366 10 3 1 6 ] 9 4 4 13 29 1 4 2 3 3 1 1 3 2 19 1 5 ' 7 2 3 1 20 2 9 9 7 4 2 2 41 76 causes On the books at 31st December. 1913 76 95 194 124 106 75 79 58 807 Total 135 185 313 210 147 118 105 117 1,330

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The following comparison of the rates paid during the last three years shows that the usual payment is about 10s. a week :— 1911. 1912. 1913. Under 7s. .. .. .. .. .. ..34 23 24 7s. and over 10s. .. .. .. .. .. 232 195 161 10s. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 504 485 482 Over 10s. .. .. .. .. .. 83 71 91 Exempted Institutions. From the provision that " it shall not be lawful for any person in consideration of any payment or reward to receive or retain in his care or charge any infant for the purpose of nursing or maintaining it apart from its parents or guardians for a longer period than seven consecutive days unless such person is licensed as a foster-parent," the Minister may grant certain exemptions, and under this authority exemption has been granted to the institutions set forth in the following list, which shows also the numbers dealt with and the deaths. The conditions of the exemption provide for inspection, and for removal of the infants only with due formality.

Deaths in Foster-homes. Of the 1,330 infants under six years of age that were at one time or another on the books as in the foster - homes during 1913, 13 died. Of these, 8 died in the foster - homes and sin hospitals or nursing-homes to which they had been removed for treatment, so that the deaths in foster-homes represented 0-60 of the total number dealt with. Eleven of the 13 were under the age of twelve months, and 11 were of illegitimate birth. The following is a statement of the number of deaths during the time that the infant-life-protection system has been in the Department's charge :—- -1908 .. .. 26 deaths out of 1,017 infants = 2-56 per cent. 1909 .. .. ..25 „ 1,181 „ =2-11 1910 .. .. ..26 „ 1,183 „ =2-19 1911 13 „ 1,183 „ = 1-09 1912 .. .. ..12 „ 1,228 „ =0-98 1913 .. .. ..13 „ 1,330 „ =0-98 This continued low death-rate reflects great credit on the District Agents, their assistants, the Local Visitors, and the foster-parents. Particulars of the 13 deaths are given in the appendix.

(1913) Admissions. leaths. On the Boc |31stDecemb< >ks at er,1913. Name of Institution. B % 1 o H CO □ Jl a CM 8 a ai ~f a •A I ■3 Si SlS a a<! -S i a la is J H s= |5 J s So 1 Slis 1 a w * a The Orphan Home, Papatoetoe, Auckland St. Mary's Home, Otabuhu, Auckland St. Mary's Orphanage, Epsom (girls) .. .. St. Joseph's Orphanage, Takapuna (boys) " Door of Hope," Auckland Salvation Army Maternity Home, Auckland Children's Home, Remuera, Auckland Children's Home, Ponsonby, Auckland St. Vincent's Foundling Home, Epsom Leslie Presbyterian Orphanage, Remuera Mission House of the Order of the Good Shepherd, Auckland .. Cook County Women's Guild Creche, Gieborne Wanganui Orphanage, Wanganui Children's Home, Palmereton North St. Joseph's Orphanage, Upper Hutt Salvation Army Children's Home, Wellington The Levin Memorial Home, Wellington Presbyterian Orphanage, Wellington Home of Compassion, Island Bay St. Mary's Orphanage, Nelson Salvation Army Maternity Home, Christohurch Children's Convalescent Cottage, New Brighton Saored Heart Orphanage, Mount Magdala, Christchuroh Nazareth House, Christohurch St. Saviour's Home, Shirley, Ohristchurch Presbyterian Home, Papanui, Christohuroh Salvation Army Maternity Home, Dunedin Presbyterian Orphanage, Anderson's Bay St. Mary's Orphanage, Dunedin Salvation Army Home, Middlemarch Victoria Memorial Home, Inveroargill Glendining Home, Anderson's Bay St. Vincent de Paul's Orphanage, South Dunedin 7 15 16 2 31 5 9 6 17 4 24 36 8 3 23 5 2 7 33 28 8 126 3 14 9 4 35 1 18 2 11 4 1 12 8 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 4 1 3 1 i "i ■ • i 12 26 15 19 12 4 5 11 47 8 17 13 4 17 5 4 7 62 23 5 12 9 31 19 12 13 6 2 3 1 3 2 1 4 11 2 1 2 1 1 6 1 2 7 1 1 3 35 4 4 13 7 4 20 10 33 8 2 8 5 6 11 22 6 4 5 1 1 3 Totals for 1913 554 98 41 18 10 5 464 35 21 Totals for 1912 484 182 62 36 22 10 430 33 29

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Deaths in Exempted Institutions. These, with other particulars, are shown in the foregoing table relating to exempted institutions. The following is a statement of the deaths during the five years in which a record of the deaths has been kept:— 1909 .. .. .. . . 66 deaths out of 749 infants = 8-81 per cent. 1910 .. .. .. ..63 „ 915 „ =6-08 1911 47 „ 899 „ =5-23 1912 36 „ 911 =3-95 1913 .. .. .. ..18 „ 984 ~ =1-82 Particulars of the deaths in these institutions during 1913 are given in the appendix. It is very satisfactory that this death-rate shows so marked a decrease. Adoptions. During the year 246 orders of adoption were made, and one order cancelling an adoption order. Forty-one of the adoption orders provided for premiums, and 205 were without monetary consideration. The ages of the adopted children were as follows : — With Without Premium. Premium. Under 6 months .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 71 Between 6 and 12 months .. .. .. .. .. 9 32 ~ 1 ~ 2 years .. .. .. .. .. 6 20 2 „ 3 „ 2 19 3 „ 4 „ 12 4= „ 5 „ 8 „5„ 6 „ 7 6 „ 7 „ .. 1 4 „ o „ .. . . .. . . .... b , 3 O jj U j, . . . . . . . . .... V 9 „ 10 „ /... 3 „ 10 „ 11 „ .... 2 „ 11 „ 12 , 3 12 „ 18 „ 4 13 „ 14 „ .. .: 4 14 „ 15 „ 1 41 205 The adopting parents were, — Husband and wife jointly .. .. .. .. .. .. 232 Husband alone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Wife alone .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. 6 Widow .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Spinster ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 The amount of the premiums ranged from £5 to £260. Illegitimacy. For its obvious relation to the intentions of the Infants Act the following table is given : — Number of Illegiti - Illegitimate m^ te 1 Provincial Distrusts. Births registered J-wclve Months during 1913. or less brought 6 under the Act during 1913. Auckland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 353 31 Taranaki .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 7 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .*• .. .. 48 4 Wellington .. .. .. .. .. .. 295 51 Marlborough .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 Nelson .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ 28 3 Westland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 1 Canterbury .. .. .. .. .. .. 190 49 Otago .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ; 206 48 Totals for 1913 .. .. .. .. 1,180 194 Totals for 1912 .. .. .. .. 1,177 249 E. 0. Gibbes, Secretary for Education.

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No. S.—SCHOOL FOE THE DEAF, SUMNEE.

EXTRACT PROM REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. Sumner, 21st May, 1914. At the time of their admission six of the new pupils were aged from 10|- to 12| years. There were no peculiar features about any of these six cases, all of which should have been admitted years ago. The failure on the part of their parents to take earlier advantage of the special facilities provided by the State for the education of their afflicted children is greatly to be regretted, and is difficult to account for. In most cases this must be set down to ignorance and to the extraordinary but very common delusion that the children will in some miraculous way gain their hearing and speech when they grow older. How can one account for these two typical cases—one aged the other aged 12| years when admitted ? Deaf from birth; no attempt to cure deafness, and no education. It is obvious that if these children are to receive a reasonable modicum of education it will be necessary for them to remain at the school until they are practically men and women. When one considers that the hearing child usually remains at school from the age of five to fourteen years, and that when he commences what is usually called his education he has a language at his command by which he is able to express his desires and his thoughts, and by means of which he learns as much outside of school as inside it, one will not grudge a similar number of years to the education of the deaf child, who comes to school without any vocabulary and without any but the most rudimentary ideas, and who, in addition to learning all those things that the law of the land considers necessary for a hearing child to learn at school, has to be instructed word by word, slowly and patiently, in all that larger knowledge that the hearing child acquires without an effort. When the medical inspection of public-school children becomes universal it is to be expected that these cases of delayed admission will no longer occur. In one of the six cases referred to above the parents had spent some years in endeavouring by means of medical treatment, which in the end proved unavailing, to have their son's deafness cured. I am far from suggesting that parents should abstain from invoking the aid of the aural surgeon when there is any possibility of improvement resulting from the treatment; but such treatment could be just as efficiently given at this school as in the home, and without the child's education and mental development suffering. At the same time I think it necessary to warn parents of deaf or partially deaf children of the danger of having the ears of such children treated by any one but a properly qualified aural surgeon. J. E. Stevens, Director.

No. 6—SPECIAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS, OTEKAIKE, OAMARU.

EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL. Otekaike, June, 1914. Admissions and Discharges. Boy.s. Girls. Number of children under the control of the school on Ist January, 1913 72 4 Number of children admitted during the year .. .. .. 1 Number of boys discharged .. .. .. .. .. 2 Number of boys transferred to mental hospital .. .. .. 1 Died 1 Age of boy actually admitted during the year : fifteen years. Number of boys and girls in the school on 31st December, 1913 .. 69 4 Ages of children on the school roll on 31st December, 1913 — From five to ten years .. .. .. .. .. 8 From eleven to sixteen years .. .. .. .. 35 2 From seventeen to twenty-one years .. .. .. 18 Over twenty-one years .. .. .. .. .. 8 2 Total .. .. .. .. ..69 4

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During the year only one boy was admitted to the school. This must not be taken as an indicathere is a shortage in the number of applications for admissions. Our waiting-list is larger than last year, and will continue to increase until our extensions allow us to accommodate more children. Two boys were discharged during the year. In one case the lad was in a very poor state of health, and physically and mentally unable to derive any benefit from special training. The other lad who was discharged had only been nominally admitted, and had not been in residence at the school. After this lad had been nominally admitted it was discovered that he was over the age of twenty-one years. This being so we had no power to detain him. This case should be dealt with, by the Mental Hospitals Department under the Mental Defectives Act, as this lad should be under continuous supervision. Deaths and General Health. The number of deaths during the year was one —a lad of Mongol type aged seventeen years. The cause of death was tubercular meningitis. This is the second death which has occurred here during the past six years. The death-rate, as I have pointed out in former reports, is exceptionally low. The average life of mental defectives may be reckoned from twenty-one to twenty-five years. The general health of the children has been excellent. Our greatest effort is always to prevent sickness, and the large number of treatments recorded for minor ailments really indicates good preventive work. Many cases of slight ailments in our children, if not detected early and treated accordingly, are the beginnings of serious trouble. There have been no epidemics and few serious illnesses, but with this class of children much attention is required in the cases of ordinary sickness and chronic cases of ear and eye trouble. The epileptics need daily attention and constant care and supervision. Scholastic Work. The day school is arranged into classes which aim at providing the proper training for each child. The classes are small, the number in each class varying from seven or eight to fifteen. The kindergarten and training classes provide for the younger children for whom sense-training is essential. With the middle-grade children the possibility of progressing far with ordinary scholastic work is very small, so that the work of this division is mainly manual work, with a view to special training for vocational work afterwards. Even with the higher-grade children the ordinary scholastic course has to be of a most elementary character, and we aim at giving abundant opportunity for training through manual and vocational studies. During the year much patient painstaking work has been accomplished in the various classes, and the development of the minds of the children has been demonstrated by what has been achieved in the school. Many of the children who, previous to entering on their school career, were apparently most hopeless have developed surprisingly through the awakening of the senses. This has been accomplished only after very persistent effort on the part of the teachers. The keynote of all training has been the awakening of the senses through the emotions, and by external stimulus the directing of the awakened faculties into congenial occupations. Thus much creditable work has been accomplished in macrame, raffia, knitting, basketry, and other forms of handwork. The low-grade children show great interest in their performances in any form of handwork, and will work on day after day making knitted dusters, marcame bags, Smyrna rugs, &c. Manual Instruction. We are still requiring proper workshop accommodation, but I am pleased to be able to report excellent results from the tuition we have been able to give in our temporary workshops. Without an adequate number of workshops it is impossible to satisfactorily carry out the training of our children or to arrange a suitable school time-table. As has been stated previously, all the children should be engaged for half of each day on some form of manual training. This cannot be given effect to without a complete range of manual-training shops. The wood-carving department, which is a new form of manual training, this year is progressing very satisfactorily. lam hoping that a few of the boys will in time become proficient in this form of handwork. The following articles have been carved in the wood-carving department: photo-frames, coal-scuttles, tea-trays, flower-stands, pipe-racks, occasional tables, newspaper-racks, &c. These articles are on sale at the school. A fair number of the boys are making good progress in the basketmaking department. All the store, farm, and garden baskets are manufactured on the premises. In addition to the above-mentioned many other kinds of baskets —rfancy and otherwise —are made. We have also commenced manufacturing our own basket hairs. Our baskets are on sale at the school, and I shall be glad to receive orders from other Government Departments and institutions for any kind of basketware which they may be requiring. At present our basketmaker instructor is partly engaged in teaching the boys to make coir mats. This arrangement works fairly satisfactorily at present while the number of boys is small. The chief drawback, however, to this arrangement is that the instructor's attention is too much divided between the two occupations. In the early stages of either basketry or matmaking our boys require constant attention and direction. This is almost impossible when one instructor has two sets of boys to teach at one time. When our new workshops are completed a matmaker should be engaged to supervise this branch of the work. At present we are making all the mats for the school, and we shall be in a position to supply all mats required for our own buildings.

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The whole of the painting, decorating, and renovating of both the interior and exterior of all the buildings is carried out by our own staff and boys. During the year the kitchen, administrative block, laundry block, boys' lavatories, cottage, and Principal's residence have been painted and renovated where necessary. In addition to this the boys' dormitories and many of the staff bedrooms and sittingrooms have been redecorated. We have had an exceptionally successful year on our farm. The weather has been suitable, and good crops are assured. The farm crops this year consist of 40 acres of oats, 12 acres of potatoes, 6 acres of swede turnips, 7 acres of mangolds, 2 acres of carrots. The whole of the crops are looking remarkably well, and. we hope to have exceptionally good yields all round. There have been abundant supplies of all kinds of vegetables and fruit from the garden, and all the visitors to the school compliment us on the creditable state in which the garden is kept. In addition to the general institution garden we have this year laid out small school-gardens for the boys. Instruction in gardening is included in the school time-table, and the boys evince great interest in this work. The school-gardens show quite a creditable display of vegetables and flowers, and the boys appear keen to send part of their produce to the general kitchen or to decorate the various rooms. It is worthy of note that the elder boys devote a considerable amount of their spare time in tending their own patch of garden ; this keeps them interested, and is helpful in many ways. Seaside Camp. Thanks to the kindness of the, Mayor of Hampden, we were again able to arrange for our annual seaside camp for the boys who were unable to be sent home to their parents or friends. The change is very beneficial to the boys, and they eagerly look forward to their annual holiday. In connexion with the annual seaside camp, I would again draw your attention to the advisability of purchasing a few acres near the sea, so that it would be possible to erect a seaside home. This could be utilized for the annual camp as well as for the children who frequently during the year are needing a change after illnesses, which are often occurring with our children, who are all more or less physically as well as mentally unsound. Electric Lighting. This school is still lighted by means of kerosene-lamps. An installation of electric lighting is very desirable, and would minimize the risk ofjfire. I believe the power necessary could be'obtained from the Otekaike Eiver.' The Cottage System. In conclusion, it is interesting to know that the consensus of opinion both in America and the Continent coincides with the plan we have from the commencement adopted here—viz., of building our school on the "• cottage " system. 'Our new cottages about to be erected will accommodate about thirty-six children each. This number is as low as we can make it having due regard to initial expenditure and administrative charges. George Benstead, Principal.

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APPENDIX.

Particulars of Deaths in Foster-homes during 1913.

Note.—Of these thirteen infants four died in public hospitals where they had been removed from their fosterhomes for treatment.

Particulars of Deaths in Exempted Institutions during 1913.

Approximate Cost of Paver. —Preparation, not given; printing (1,650 copies), £13.

By Authority : John Mackay, Government Printer, Wellington.—l9l4.

Price 6d,~

Time in Foster-home Locality Date. Age at Death. Sex. Birth. Last I Total Time Foster- ; under home. I Control. Cause of Death. Beinarks, lUokland 30/3/13 F. Y. M. I 0 6| Illegitimate Y. M. 0 1 Y. M. 0 2 Summer diarrhoea; pneumonia Gastro-enteritis Acute bronchitis; acute diarrhoea Gastro-enteritis; wasting ; cardiac failure Whooping-cough; e xhaustion Inanition ; coma Debility irorn premature birth; marasmus Cellulitis of arm ; septicsemia Congestion of lungs .. Acute diarrhcea; collapse Whooping-cough ; exhaustion Accidental suffocation Whooping- cough; broncho-pneumonia Nu inquest. Vellington 27/1/13 2/1/13 P. P. o 4 0 2| Legitimate 0 4 0 1 0 4 0 1 >i 9/2/13 M. 0 2£ j Illegitimate 0 2 0 2 H if 1/11/13 M. 0 2J 0 2 0 2 'hristohuroh 28/11/13 5/2/13 M. M. 0 4J 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 2 Inquest. 26/2/13 M. 1 11 1 9 1 9 No inquest. )unedin 1/8/13 17/2/13 F. M. 0 3 „ 0 5J 0 1 0 5 0 1 0 5 Inquest. No inquest. > j 20/11/13 F. 0 3 0 li 0 1J ?i 22/11/13 22/11/13 M. M. 0 4 4 7 Legitimate 0 3J 0 2 0 3J 4 6 Inquest. No inquest. M

Date of Death. q Age at bex. Death. Birth. Time in Institution Certified cause of Death. Remarks. St. Mary's Maternity Home, Otahuhu, Auckland. 1913. Jan. 26 y. m. y. m. .. ! F. I 0 10 Illegitimate j 0 4 Gastro-eateritis ; syncope .. i No inquest. St. Vincent's Foundling Home, Epsom, Auckland. Jan. 18 Sept. 24 Nov. 16 Nov. 19 ., F. 0 8 I Legitimate 0 2 j Gastro-enteritis .. ! M. 0 4 ,, 0 3 Gastroenteritis; asthenia .. j F. 0 5 ,, 0 2 Infantile atrophy; bronoho-pneumonia .. i M. 0 8 Illegitimate 0 7 Enteritis .. No inquest. * • t> Jan. 22 April 19 " Door of Hope," Auckland. .. I M. 0 6 Legitimate j 0 2 Thymic asthma; synoope .. I F. 0 11J „ I 0 3 Infantile atrophy .. i No inquest. ■ • 1 > Mar. 2 Mar. 28 Sept. 7 Sept. 13 Sept. 18 Deo. 14 Home of Compassion, Island Bay, Wellington. .. M. 0 9! Illegitimate 0 3 Marasmus .. F. 0 2 ,, 0 14 .. F. 1 6 ,, 0 3 Gastro-enteritis .. M. 0 6 Legitimate 0 1 Tubercular meningitis .. M. 19 Illegitimate 0 1 ,, F. 5 0 Legitimate 0 10 Ghronio hydrocephalus ; marasmus .. I No inquest. Feb. 21 St. Vincent de Paul's Orphanage, South Dunedin. F. I 0 5J Illegitimate , 0 1 | Gastro-enteritis; exhaustion -No inquest Feb. 21 Mar. 11 Mar. 24 July 3 Salvation Army Maternity Home, Dunedin. .. i M. 0 1 Illegitimate 0 1 Marasmus .. I M, 0 3 ' ,, 0 2J Aoute bronchitis; exhaustion ..IF. 0 1 ,, 0 1 Icterus neonatorum ; heart-failure .. I M. 0 2 , ,, 0 2 Marasmus No inquest.