LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORT ON) FOR 1899.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 Session I, H-07

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1900 NEW ZEALAND.

LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORT ON) FOR 1899.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Inspector-General of Asylums to the Hon. the Minister of Education. Sir,— Wellington, 14th May, 1900. I have the honour to lay before you the following report on the lunatic asylums of the colony for the year ended 31st December, 1899 : — The number of registered insane persons on the 31st December, 1899, was 2,ss7—Males 1,512 ; females, 1,045. The insane of the colony are distributed as follows:— Males. Pemalea. Total. Auckland ... ... ... ... ... 287 169 456 Christchurch ... ... ... ... .. 282 220 502 Dunedin (Seacliff) ... ... ... ... 387 248 635 Hokitika ... ... ... ... ... 88 41 129 Nelson ... ... ... ... ... 87 55 142 Porirua ... ... ... ... ... 195 174 369 Wellington ... ... ... ... ... 166 115 281 Ashburn Hall (private asylum) ... ... ... 20 23 43 1,512 1,045 2,557 The proportion of the male insane to the male population is,— New Zealand (exclusive of Maoris) ... ... 3-79 per 1,000, or lin 264 New Zealand (inclusive of Maoris) ... ... 3-60 „ lin 278 The proportion of the female insane to the female population,— Exclusive of Maoris ... ... ... ... 2-92 „ lin 342 Inclusive of Maoris ... ... ... ... 2-78 „ lin 360 The proportion of the total insane to the total population,— Exclusive of Maoris ... ... ... ... 3-38 „ lin 296 Inclusive of Maoris ... ... ... ... 3-21 „ lin 311 Admissions. On the Ist January, 1899, the number of insane persons in our asylums was—Males, 1,472; females, 1,007 : total, 2,479. The number of those admitted during the year for the first time— Males, 225; females, 165 : total, 390. The readmissions—Males, 39; females, 82 : total, 121. Deaths. The percentage of deaths on the average number resident during the year was 6-30, as compared with 6-14 for the previous year. Recoveries. The percentage of recoveries on the admissions was 37-58, as compared with 48-07 for the previous year.

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Sleeping-accommodation in Asylums.

Single Rooms.

At Auckland there is apparently sleeping-accommodation for 459 patients, but there is only floor-space for 407. The number in the Asylum is 467 ; there are, therefore, sixty patients in excess of the statutory requirements. At Nelson the apparent accommodation in common dormitories is for ninety-nine patients, but there is only floor-space for ninety-three. The actual number accommodated is 107, being fourteen in excess of legal requirements. At Porirua there appears to be sleeping-room for 448 patients in the common dormitories, but the floor-space will only allow of 396 being accommodated. At Wellington x\sylum the floor-space is sufficient for 161 patients, and 183 are accommodated. The following table shows the actual deficiency in sleeping-accommodation : — Auckland ... ... ... ... ... 60 patients in excess. Christchurch ... ... ... ... ... 47 „ Seacliff ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 „ Nelson ... ... ... ... ... ... 14 Wellington ... ... ... ... ... 22 147 Less room for Bat Hokitika, and 11 at Porirua ... 19 Total ... ... ... ... ... 128 patients in excess. The following is the accommodation in course of construction and authorised: — Auckland ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 beds. Seacliff ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 43 „ Porirua ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 78 „ Nelson ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 „ Hokitika ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 „ Total ... ... ... ... ... 209 beds. New Works required and now in Hand. At length the long delay in finishing Porirua Asylum has come to an end. In a few months this Asylum will be complete, providing good accommodation for 513 patients. The laying-out of the grounds and new airing-courts can then be carried on without being interrupted by the building operations. A suitable residence for the Medical Superintendent is now nearly ready for occupation. The old building for the farm-hands, which the doctor has hitherto occupied as a residence, can now be used as a hospital ward.

Asylum. Number of Patients, 31st Maroh, 1900. Number of Single Rooms. I Number of Patients to be 'accommodated in Common Dormitories. Common Dormitory Accommodation : Cubic Feet. Statutory i Numbec Accommoda- :ofpatientsin .^ u, ? ber . modation. of Patients. Auckland Christchurch Seacliff ... Hokitika Nelson ... Porirua ... Wellington 467 507 599 128 137 424 250 94 82 153 21 30 39 67 373 425 446 107 107 385 183 219,122 227,010 265,602 69,302 59,519 269,204 100,173 365 378 442 115 99 448 167 8 47 4 "a 16 Totals 2,512 486 2,026 1,209,932 2,014

Asylum. Number of Single Rooms. . I Total Space: Cubic Feet. Cubic Feet for each Room. Auckland Christchurch Seacliff Hokitika Nelson Porirua Wellington ... 94 82 153 21 30 39 67 84,508 69,651 119,334 15,055 26,570 36,443 60,663 899 850 779 716 886 934 906 Totals ... 486 412,224 848

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The mortality in asylums due to tuberculosis has received much attention of late in Britain, and there has resulted a consensus of opinion that special buildings for the isolation of all such cases should be provided. A special institution for epileptics, idiots, and imbeciles is also an urgent necessity. At Mount View Asylum, Wellington, a new brick building has been put up for a boiler-house and drying-closet; but, as I pointed out last year, the Asylum as a whole is still liable to danger from fire—a danger which nothing short of a new central building will remedy. For such an expenditure the site is not suitable ; indeed, an asylum should never have been built in such a position. Dr. Gow has proved himself a capable and careful superintendent. Auckland Asylum also will soon be in a satisfactory position. A new range of twenty single rooms has been added to the female side. Instructions have been issued to go on with the new hospital block on the male side, and the vote for ventilation of the old buildings is going to be expended. At Seacliff a range of twenty-six single rooms is to be built, and I hope that this year the Asylum will be lighted with electricity. Nelson Asylum before the end of the year will be better off for accommodation than ever before. The additions to the female side have been authorised, a new laundry has been provided, and a porch is to be added to the new cottage auxiliary. The water-supply causes considerable anxiety from time to time owing to the failure of the Town Council to provide a suitable supply, which the Government paid for years ago. I am afraid we shall be driven to provide a special reservoir for safety in dry weather, as recommended by the Deputy Inspector and Official Visitors. Financial Besults of the Yeae. The following table gives the gross and net cost per patient for the year 1899, as compared with the previous year : —

The total receipts for the sale of produce, &c, from the farm for 1899 amounted to £2,972 12s. Id., as against £2,675 Bs. 9d. for the previous year. This year all our asylums, except Christchurch, which will be relieved when Porirua is finished, will be in a good position as regards accommodation, as will be seen by the foregoing tables. The Medical Superintendents are men of such standing and character that I have decided to let them speak of their own work and responsibilities.

MEDICAL SUPEEINTENDENTS' EEPOETS.

AUCKLAND ASYLUM. Sir — I have the honour to forward my report on the Auckland Asylum for 1899. The average number of patients resident during the year—440—shows an increase of fourteen, and the number remaining in the Asylum on the 31st December an increase of eighteen for the year. This is the largest increase for three years, and is due to the increase in admissions—ninetyseven also the largest for three years. I can assign no definite cause for this increase, which is out of proportion to the increase in population, and which is probably an accidental circumstance of no special significance. Whilst attaching no importance to this increase, I cannot but regard the character of the cases admitted as most serious. Of the sixty-one males admitted, fifty were from the first hopeless, whilst of the eleven who have been or who will be discharged not less than eight have every prospect of relapse. Of the thirty-six females admitted only seven can hope for discharge, and of these at least four, should

18' 19. 1898. 1899. 1899. Asylum. Total Cost per Patient. Total Cost per Patient, less Receipts for Maintenance, Sales of Produce, &c. Total Cost per Patient, lees Total Coat Eeoeipts for per Patient. Maintenance, Sales of Produce, &c. Increase. Decrease. Auckland Christchurch ... Seacliff Hokitika Nelson Porirua Wellington £ s. 25 15 26 6 27 13 26 7 29 17 25 7 33 1 a. 5* 6* 3i 3f 1 H £ a. d. 20 8 5J 19 7 4 20 3 0J 23 7 5 21 15 2f 21 5 10 23 13 2 £ a. a. 26 15 Of 25 1 Hi 26 3 8 27 14 Iβ 28 5 3i ! 27 5 5f 35 2 If £ s. 19 13 17 8 20 6 25 10 21 12 25 I 26 8 d. 6* 1 Of If £ s. a. 0 14 11 1 19 3 £ s. a. 0 3 8 2 2 7f 0 3" If 3 15 3f 2 15 2| 1 Averages ... 27 6 Of 20 16 llf 27 5 9| J 21 3 8* 0 6 5f

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they survive for a year or two, will probably again become mentally afflicted. For the patients themselves the outlook is anything but encouraging; for the public it ought to be one of considerable anxiety, and of some danger. The discharge of patients, even under the most favourable circumstances, is for me always a matter of supreme concern. The brain, at once the most complex thing in nature, and under ordinary conditions the strongest organ in the human body, once broken probably never recovers to the extent that most other organs do ; it apparently becomes a fragile thing as compared with what it formerly was, and the expert cannot fail to note the gradually decreasing strain that culminates in each successive relapse. The knowledge of this fact increases the difficulty in discharge. It becomes a question whether the once diseased brain should not always be regarded as too frail for freedom. Three classes of cases present more than ordinary difficulty—First, that class where the patients remain, so far as one can judge, perfectly sane so long as they are under the discipline and control of an asylum, but for whom liberty becomes a strain that soon induces relapse; second, the naturally melancholic and sensitive class, who after so-called recovery feel their position acutely, and who, unable at once to find suitable employment, brood, relapse more or less, and too often find suicide the easiest solution of their difficulty ; third, the violent and dangerous class, who after recovery may remain well for months or years, but many of whom we know will relapse and perhaps become more dangerous. In the last class the law to some extent recognises the difficulty, and relieves the medical superintendent of responsibility. If a man commits a greater or lesser crime, and is committed to the asylum by a Judge of the Supreme Court, he is detained during the Colonial Secretary's pleasure ; but if a man in a fit of insanity attempts to murder another, and is checked in the act, he must be discharged upon recovery, although his intentions may have been most deadly, and although it is always possible that an outbreak will again occur and the consequences be disastrous. Ido not hesitate to state that in all such cases my mind inclines to oppose discharge; but it seems to me that the natural dread in the public mind of the detention of a so-called sane man in an asylum far outweighs the dangers which accrue from his discharge and the transmission of his insane tendency. Moreover, the increase in asylum accommodation which would consequently result is perhaps in itself, in the meantime, an effectual bar to the success of any measure so drastic. The recovery-rate for the year is as follows : Males, 31-14 per cent.; females, 50 per cent. The death-rate, calculated on average number resident during the year, is—Males, 10-8 per cent.; females, 5 - 5 per cent. It will be noticed that both the recovery- and death-rates for males compare unfavourably with those for females. This is partly due to the higher moral tone of the female patients previous to admission, leading to fewer hopeless wrecks; to the fact that amongst the females we have had no general paralytics; and, as far as the death-rate is concerned, to the better hospital accommodation and better nursing provided for the female patients. The proposed new wing on the male side will remedy a long-standing evil, and provide a hospital ample for our requirements for, I hope, many years. The enforced retirement of ex-Attendant Owens, owing to general physical infirmity and increasing blindness, is severely felt in the hospital, although he has been to a large extent incapacitated for a considerable period. He had been a faithful servant for about twenty-three years, and I was extremely pleased to note that he received full compensation for his long service. Now that he has gone, I think the time has arrived for a radical change in the Asylum hospital nursing. The average man is an impossible nurse, and I can see no reason why he should be longer tolerated. The introduction of elderly married women would, lam convinced, be a decided improvement. I know of no asylum where women are engaged in the male hospital wards, but in an address delivered by Dr. Spence at a meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association held in London in July, 1899, he states, "The sick-nursing of the male patients is unquestionably a department in which the services of women will be more and more utilised.'' It will unduly lengthen my report to comment further on this matter, but I trust that on the completion of the new wing you will approve at least of an experiment in that direction. During the year we have had to face an epidemic of measles and one of influenza. On the last day of the year nearly sixty patients were confined to bed suffering from influenza. Only one death was directly due to influenza, but it has left an unwished-for legacy. Only one serious accident occurred, an aged Maori being accidentally knocked over by another patient, fracturing her thigh. Farm-work is vigorously carried on. The new farm-manager is active and industrious, and I look for much better results than we have had in the past. A considerable amount of work is being done in the interior of the main building in the way of improving ventilation and rooting out unnecessary cul-de-sacs and holes that are a menace to the health of patients and attendants. This work must necessarily be slow owing to the small amount of space available for the temporary transfer of patients, but I hope to continue it until we reach something approaching sanitary perfection. Unfortunately it was found necessary to make many changes in the staff. The changes have been markedly beneficial. Our thanks are due to the proprietors of the Herald, who for years have daily furnished us with a. number of copies of the Herald; to various ladies and gentlemen who have contributed to the amusement of patients; and to the United Fire-brigades Band, who on several occasions have pleased the patients with instrumental music. I have, &c. R. M. Beattie, The Inspector-General of Asylums, Wellington. Medical Superintendent.

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CHRISTCHURCH ASYLUM. Sir,— I have the honour to forward my annual report on this Asylum, with the usual statistical tables showing the admissions, discharges, and deaths for the year 1899, as under :—

At the beginning of 1899 there were 523 patients on the Asylum books, which, together with the seventy-nine admitted during the period under review, gave a total of 602 under treatment for the year. The admissions of first cases were nearly the same as for 1898, while the readmissions of relapsed cases were exactly the same for both years; of the former, twenty, or a little over 30 per cent., were discharged recovered during the year. It will be seen from the above tables that the discharges and deaths totalled exactly 100, and if this number is deducted from that of those under treatment during the year—viz., 602—we get the residuum, 502, remaining on the books at the end of 1899, the daily average number resident being a little over 504. This would seem very satisfactory as compared with the corresponding date of the previous year, but the diminution is more apparent than real, and may be misleading in estimating the increase of insanity in this province, as the discharges include thirty-three patients transferred to other asylums, which cannot fairly be taken into account; if these latter are omitted altogether from calculation the increase proper for Canterbury is twelve, but I am not at present in a position to say how this compares with the increase of population for the same period. The discharges of all cases show a large increase on those of 1898, being as 72 to 50; but this again is fallacious, as it includes the transfers above referred to, and, in order to arrive at the results of treatment, twenty-seven of those who are shown as " not improved " must be deducted, leaving forty-five as those who sufficiently benefited by residence in the Asylum to allow of their release, or a percentage of nearly 57 on the admissions. This is unusually high, and to some extent acts as a set-off to the very low death-rate—viz., about 4f per cent, of those resident during the year— otherwise this low mortality-rate would lead to a greater accommodation of the insane in our asylums proportionate -to the general population than obtains in those where that rate (death) is higher. In any case, it must be reckoned with in estimating the true significance of the relative proportion of insanity to general population in different countries. Tuberculosis in some form was responsible for eight of the deaths, nearly one-third of the whole number, and constituted the chief cause. In August last year I drew your attention to the increased mortality from consumption, and pointed out the urgent necessity for the isolation and treatment of such cases in a detached or semi-detached building; this is more especially noticeable in connection with the male division, where the patients are more in excess of the cubic space considered necessary than the female wards, and overcrowding in itself is usually supposed to be productive of that disease. It is therefore interesting and gratifying to find that this question is now receiving the earnest attention of the medical authorities at Home ; at the last (January) meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association, that great organization of medical men interested in the treatment of the insane in Great Britain, it formed the subject of a very able communication, and led to a lengthy discussion, in which several of the best-known men in our specialty took part, and were unanimous in urging the importance of isolation in the treatment of such patients. The paper referred to recorded the results of testing, by means of Koch's tuberculin, all suspected cases of tuberculosis, amounting to fifty-five, in a particular asylum over a given period, and the absolute safety with which it can be conducted, as vouched for by the eminent authorities present. The test seems to be carried out in almost the same way as with cattle, only with greatly increased precautions against any possibility of resulting danger, and thereby the most incipient cases can be detected; but my own view is that the chief danger from infection arises through the sputum when such cases have become fairly advanced, and can be usually diagnosed without these exceptional means. At any rate, until this inoculation test becomes a more established diagnostic practice, it would be sufficient, and a great step in advance, to isolate those cases which can be more readily detected, and even they would be very numerous. This isolation treatment of tuberculosis is merely extending to asylums the principle long adopted as regards hospitals, and more recently urged by all health authorities at Home, with the active support of the committee, under the presidency of the Prince of Wales, for the prevention of the spread of

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Male. Female. Total. Admissions. 41 8 24 6 65 14 Admitted, first time Readmitted 24 6 65 14 Totals 49 30 79 Discharges. Eecovered and relieved Not improved 26 1 19 26 45 27 Totals 27 45 72 Number discharged who were admitted during year 13 20 Deaths ... 22 28

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consumption. It is even considered necessary in the case of the cattle of our dairy herds, and how much more important should it be in the case of man, especially the patients of asylums, who are so careless in their habits of expectoration, and many of whom, from their enfeebled bodily condition and crowded surroundings, are peculiarly liable to contract the disease. It is not only possible, but highly probable, that patients, previously healthy but perhaps predisposed, often thus develop the disease in the asylum, and, recovering their mental balance, are discharged, to become foci for its spread to the general community. This is not a pleasant subject of contemplation, but much more could be added, and numerous quotations given from the paper and the discussion thereon referred to, in support of my recommendation for a special isolation building for the treatment of such cases. In my report for 1897 I pointed out the increase in the number of old persons and imbecile and epileptic youths of both sexes admitted; this feature is still apparent in the admissions, thus blocking up the wards with cases which, for many reasons, would be better, safer, and generally more suitably cared for in other homes. There are a few children, too, who ought to be provided for elsewhere, so that an attempt might be made to develop any latent mental faculties they possess; they are a great source of irritation, discomfort, and annoyance to the other patients, as well as an embarrassment to the management. These cases (children and old people) can only be fittingly accommodated here in an infirmary (hospital) ward, on account of their habits, comparative helplessness, and therefore liability to injury; yet of all others this is the ward in which the atmosphere should be the purest, and therefore the accommodation the least crowded, especially with persons of faulty habits. This ward also, necessarily at present, contains most of the phthisical patients, and it is thus impossible to secure proper classification. Every effort is made to keep the ward sweet by means of ventilation, &c, but I am afraid this is not always possible under present circumstances. In the report already referred to I urged the great importance of the early treatment of mental disease by the establishment of " mental wards " or " mental hospitals," or even by means of an out-patient department attached to the large general hospitals, and I am glad to note that Dr. Truby King, speaking at the last meeting of the New Zealand Branch of the British Medical Association, coincided in this, and urged the same necessity. lam convinced that this is the only way we will get patients, either voluntarily or by the action of their friends, under treatment in the incipient stage of their malady, when they have the best chance of recovery, for in a very large majority of cases their committal to an asylum is postponed as long as possible, till their disease has become well established and frequently incurable. This irrational, though kindly meant, delay is largely responsible for the accumulation in and overcrowding of our asylums, and the consequent high rate of insanity in the community, as well as for the increased expenditure on new buildings, &c, while the medical profession is blamed for want of skill in the treatment of the disease. lam led to make these remarks by the fact that, of the seventy-nine patients committed to this Asylum last year, in forty-eight the attacks had been admittedly of over three months' duration at the date of their admission. What hope of satisfactory recovery could there be for a case of, say, pneumonia, pleurisy, or peritonitis if allowed to drag on for three or four months before being placed under treatment ? As a means to the same end (early treatment) I would gladly see the terms " lunacy," " lunatic," &c, which have no scientific significance, and are merely the relics of the ignorance of the " dark ages," banished altogether from our nomenclature, and the first step in this direction should be their exclusion from all legal documents such as warrants, medical certificates, &c. But there is another deterrent to early treatment, and perhaps a greater one than any other—viz., the mode of committal of patients to an asylum through the police and the police-court, as if insanity was a crime, which loudly calls for reform. These latter may seem purely sentimental objections, but they are, nevertheless, very real obstacles to the early committal of patients to asylums. The year 1899 was comparatively uneventful in the history of the institution. There was no epidemic or casualty involving life, while the usual statement showing the accidents and injuries to patients, however trivial, has been already furnished to you. The farm continues the same source of healthy open-air occupation for the men, and is now developed to a highly remunerative stage, but as yet no steps have been taken, in accordance with my recommendations in previous reports, for the outdoor employment of the female patients. This is much to be regretted, as I am satisfied it would be highly advantageous to their treatment, and there need be no difficulty in the way. A very heavy expenditure had to be incurred in replacing a large proportion of our dairy cows condemned on account of tuberculosis, as well as in the erection of a great length of new fencing to replace that destroyed by the gorse-blight (grub) so prevalent all over Canterbury; but this outlay should be non-recurring, while the value of the milk and butter produced and consumed on the premises amounted, for the year, to upwards of £550, and we have now a dairy herd probably second to none in the colony. The same amount of valuable work was done by the tradesmen, attendants, and patients employed with them as in previous years, which, though it cannot be estimated in pounds shillings and pence, has saved what would have been a very heavy but necessary expenditure through other channels, while maintaining the building and adjuncts in an efficient state. I refer to the work of such operatives as engineers, plumbers, masons, plasterers, painters, carpenters, slaters, &c. ; but all the boots and slippers required for the patients' use have also been made and repaired on the premises. As regards the employment of the female patients in connection with the clothing department, it may be of interest to record that not only all the repairs are effected, but almost every article of wearing-apparel, with the exception of men's suits and women's hose, is made up by them, all the men's socks being hand-knitted. Our asylums may well, indeed, be described as busy hives of industry.

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Fire practices are held regularly, in order to keep the brigade and appliances efficient, and to familiarise the patients with the alarm and means of escape. In my opinion, the most pressing needs of the present time are—(l) A building for the isolation and treatment of cases of tuberculosis; (2) more sleeping-accommodation on the male division, or the removal of some of the male patients elsewhere; and (3) the lighting of the building by electricity, as urged in a former report. As in previous years, I have pleasure in acknowledging the able and willing co-operation of my fellow-officers in the discharge of my duties. I have, &c, Edward G. Levinge, M.8., The Inspector-General of Asylums, Wellington. Medical Superintendent.

PORIRUA ASYLUM. Sir,— I have the honour to submit to you the following report on the Porirua Asylum for the year 1899 :— The average number of patients resident during the year was 364 (196 males and 168 females). Four males and forty-four females were admitted, all of whom except one were transferred from Mount View Asylum. Thirteen patients were discharged as recovered. The small proportion of recoveries at this Asylum, as I have on previous occasions pointed out, is due to the fact that the inmates who have been sent here from other asylums are mostly suffering from insanity of a chronic and incurable type. The physical health of the patients has on the whole been good, and the death-rate has been remarkably low, less than fourteen per thousand on the average number resident in the Asylum. This death-rate is much below what is generally found to exist among the insane. Considering the number of aged and infirm among our patients, the low mortality is a satisfactory indication of their healthy surroundings. During the year building operations to complete the female department have been in progress. The ward for the more troublesome patients, consisting largely of single bedrooms, has been finished, and is now occupied, and the final block, including the new female dining-hall, will soon be out of the hands of the workmen. Taking the female-accommodation as a whole, I find that the general arrangements are convenient for administration, as well as cheerful and comfortable for the patients. The arrangements in the ward for the more troublesome patients are particularly satisfactory and complete, but now that acute cases are being admitted I fear the number of single bedrooms will at no distant date be found too limited. What appears to me the chief want is suitable accommodation for sick patients. Under present circumstances invalids have to occupy beds in large dormitories, where they are very apt to be disturbed or annoyed by others, or have to go into one of the few single bedrooms in the older part of the building, which are badly lit, cheerless, and exposed to the south. Ultimately I hope the small auxiliary asylum may be used as a hospital for the sick ; it would, I am sure, be well adapted for such a purpose. In the engineer's department considerable additions are required to the plant, which in the first place was not altogether planned on a scheme in accordance with modern ideas, or with a due sense of proportion to the service required of it. Now that the Asylum has increased so much in size, the two small tubular boilers are found to be quite inadequate, and are overtaxed, especially in the winter-time, when, in addition to the kitchen, laundry, and electric lighting, steam has to be generated for the radiators heating the wards. An additional steam-boiler of large size is absolutely necessary, and should be installed at once. An auxiliary electro-motor is also required. At present there is no " stand-by " to the engine in use, and consequently no proper provision against a breakdown or in case of repairs being required. Furthermore, the electric storage-cells for the all-night lighting circuits, being of inferior quality, are fast deteriorating, and will soon be of no service. A new battery of cells will therefore have to be procured, and should be of the best quality obtainable. During the latter part of the summer the prolonged drought caused the water-level in the reservoir to fall within a short distance of the outlet, and I felt some anxiety as to our watersupply, but ultimately a heavy fall of rain saved the situation. The stream that runs through the Asylum property takes its origin from two branches which are almost equal in size, and from one of these our water is drawn. The water from the other branch could with little difficulty be led in pipes around a spur of the adjacent hill into the reservoir, and so double the supply. If this work were done, it would be a safeguard against failure of water in a dry season, and should, in my opinion, be undertaken. The irrigation-works in connection with the disposal of the sewage have not yet been completed. One great difficulty we have to contend with is the nature of the ground, which, having a rather stiff clayey subsoil, is not sufficiently absorbent. It requires close subsoil tile drainage, and to be further loosened by deep trenching, and this necessitates much labour. The present concrete settling-tank retaining the solid constituents of the sewage is designed on a principle which is now somewhat out of date. It could without much expense be converted into the more modern septic tank to liquefy the solids by bacteriolytic action, and this alteration would enhance the value of the effluent for irrigation, and do away with such nuisance as is inseparable from the present arrangement. Every effort is made to induce as many patients as possible to employ themselves in some useful occupation. Work is, and doubtless always will be, the chief curative agent in mental alienation. This fact is, of course, well known to those who are responsible for the care and treatment of the insane, but is probably not yet fully recognised by the general public. The improvements being made on the farm and around the Asylum do not progress with such pace as I should like.

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Although there are many patients employed out-of-doors, a large proportion do very little indeed. Some of these are old Asylum cases who were at one time able to do what is considered a fair amount of work, but now, through advancing age and infirmities, do little or nothing, and are sent into the fields more for the benefit of the change of scene and fresh air than for what they can do. Others physically more fit, but mentally too demented or failing in the power of application, have little capacity to work. I have hope that when the new single-room block now being constructed on the male side of the Asylum is finished, and we are enabled to take in cases on committal, instead of chronic cases transferred from other asylums as hitherto, more rapid progress will be made in developing the farm and the grounds around the institution. For some years the Rev. Mr. Dawson and other clergymen of the Wesleyan denomination have held religious services at the Asylum two or three times a month, and on behalf of the patients I have to thank them for undertaking this work at considerable trouble and inconvenience to themselves. Towards the end of the year the Rev. Mr. Chapman, of Johnsonville, kindly offered to hold an English Church service at the Asylum alternately with the Wesleyan clergymen, so that now the patients have the benefit of a church service every Sunday. Such of the Eoman Catholic patients as are able go to church in the village. It was with much satisfaction that I learned in the earlier part of the year the decision of the department to separate the two asylums that were under my superintendency, and to place me in charge of Porirua Asylum alone. I had long felt that the Wellington and Porirua Asylums were too far apart to be managed together satisfactorily. I have, &c, Gray Hassell, M.D., The Inspector-General of Asylums, Wellington. Medical Superintendent.

SEACLIFF ASYLUM. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report on the Seacliff Asylum for the year 1899 :— During the year sixty-two male and fifty-two female patients have been admitted; of these, ninety-five were admitted for the first time, and nineteen were readmissions. The whole number under treatment during the year was 749, and the average number resident was 635. There remained in the Asylum at the end of the year 387 males and 248 females—in all, 635 patients. The number discharged, relieved, and recovered was sixty-seven, the proportion of the discharges to the admissions being 59 per cent., or 9 per cent, more than the previous year. On the other hand, the death-rate was unusually high, being nearly 7 per cent, of the average number resident. This is accounted for mainly by the death of a large number of old patients from senile decay and other affections of old age, the average age of the majority of the patients who died being over sixty years. Among the younger adults seven died from general paralysis. The proportion of deaths from phthisis and pneumonia shows a marked diminution. The new detached building at Simla has been fully occupied during the year, and, while relieving the overcrowding of the male patients, has proved also a great benefit in aiding classification, and in affording almost complete liberty to the well-behaved chronic patients located there. When a billiard-table has been provided Simla will be in many respects the pleasantest of our quarters for men. Arrangements are now being made for further classification of the more troublesome patients. The Nurses' Home and buildings providing increased accommodation for female patients, which we hope to overtake during the coming year, will prove a great boon. Several persons suffering from incipient mental disease have voluntarily made application for admission to the Asylum, and I think it is highly desirable that the law should admit of the reception of such cases. Among the more sensible and sensitive newly admitted patients the fact of being taken possession of as if they were criminals, and placed in prison prior to being brought to the Asylum, continues a standing grievance. The delay in sending persons suffering from mental disease to our asylums is very unsatisfactory, and one feels the advantage of any step which would tend to induce the relations to apply for early systematic treatment, which it is recognised can be rarely properly carried out in private houses. The majority of patients admitted during the year had been insane for periods of six months and upwards when they were sent to the Asylum. The development of the estate continues, and we hope at an early date to be entirely independent of outside aid in the provision of butter and meat, as we are now in regard to milk, eggs, poultry, vegetables, fruit, and firewood. Over three hundred dozen pure-bred eggs for sitting were sold during the year. The annual yield of fruit is rapidly increasing, and now amounts to about 15 tons. Throughout the year an average of about two hundred and fifty male patients have been employed at the farm, garden, and workshops. There have been several accidents during the year, one of which ended fatally, a patient who tried to hang himself dying of apoplexy. Two men sustained fractures of limbs, and one lost an eye through self-inflicted injuries. The usual amusements and recreations have been provided throughout the year, and a number of cricket-matches have been played with outside teams. The thanks of the authorities are due to the Otago Witness Company for copies of their journal supplied free. To my colleague, Dr. Falconer, and to the officers and staff I have to convey my thanks for their willing and hearty co-operation in carrying out the work of the institution. I have, &c, F. Truby King, The Inspector-General of Asylums, Wellington. Medical Superintendent.

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ENTEIES OF VISITS TO THE DIFFEEENT ASYLUMS. Auckland Asylum. 17th August, 1899. —During the last three days I have made a careful examination of this Asylum. Owing to a feeling of anxiety about the difficulties surrounding Dr. Beattie, and the last reports of Mr. Cooper and Mr. Ewington, I came as soon as possible to make a personal inquiry into the alleged rough treatment of patients on the part of certain female attendants. I confronted these attendants with their accusers, and took all the evidence on oath, giving the accused every opportunity to defend themselves. After careful consideration I decided that the charge of slapping a patient was so far sustained as to make it impossible to retain the charge-attendant implicated in her present position. I gave her an offer to be transferred to Wellington as an ordinary attendant, but she requested to be allowed to resign. I have not yet seen my way to accept her resignation. (Resignation accepted, 19th August.) Another charge-attendant was charged by an ex-patient recently discharged with many acts of unkindness, but, knowing the difficulty of distinguishing between true memory of facts and belief in delusions which the patient freely admitted she was labouring under till quite recently, I decided to transfer this attendant to Seacliff, but she preferred to resign, and in the circumstances I gave a month's pay in lieu of notice. Mr. Leys, the head attendant, signified his wish to retire on compensation on the ground of long service and advancing years, and I undertook to recommend his claims to the Minister. I found a great improvement in the auxiliary asylum as a direct consequence of the removal of certain attendants at my last visit. Mr. Hall, promoted from Seacliff, promises to make a good clerk and storekeeper. I found everything in good order. Ist April, 1900.—T0-day and yesterday I have been engaged in an examination of this Asylum. I find the whole staff working harmoniously. The administration is careful and effective in every department. There is a notable improvement in the auxilary asylum. Mr. Muir promises to be a careful and skilful manager. It is a pleasure to see how healthy and well cared for the patients look. The food is of the best quality all through the institution, well cooked and served. The beds and bedding are in first-rate order. I made a careful inquiry into certain allegations made by two male patients, C. and M., and found that they were largely delusions, based on a slight substratum of distorted facts. Neither of these men is fit for discharge, being under the dominion of delusions of persecution. M. F.s case is another of the same. Christchurch Asylum. 25th September, 1899. —This Asylum is in admirable order in all its departments. Every detail is looked after by Dr. Levinge in the most thorough-going manner. No one can examine the institution without being impressed with the fact that the eye of the master is everywhere. Dr. Crosby, the assistant, has during four years been most devoted and efficient in his duty. The food, clothing, and bedding are thoroughly' looked after. A new departure has been ventured in having glassware instead of the usual crockery at dinner. I shall watch carefully whether we can continue to afford it. I saw all the infirm patients who were confined to bed, and examined the hopeful and convalescent cases, as well as all the recent admissions. 20th January, 1900. —I have seen all the patients, examined all who were confined to bed under medical treatment, inspected the food and clothing of the patients, visited every portion of the building and annexes, and satisfied myself that the Asylum is in excellent working-order. I have informed myself of the arrangements for the accommodation and comfort of the attendants, and inquired into the requirements of the Asylum for the coming year. I do not approve of increasing any further the accommodation of the main building of the Sunnyside Asylum. If any further room is required here it ought to be provided in special separate auxiliary buildings of as inexpensive a type as possible. The needs of the Canterbury District should be met when the time comes by the erection of a new asylum somewhere in South Canterbury, just as the requirements of Otago and Southland should be provided for by a new institution somewhere near Gore. The circumstances of New Zealand, as well as the interests of the patients, require, in my opinion, that our asylums should be planned for not more than six hundred patients. Some slight inconveniences and discomforts which some of the attendants suffer from have been from time to time considered by Dr. Levinge and myself, and will be remedied as soon as possible. With regard to some of these discomforts, they arise from the structural defects of the buildings, and must be put up with. I find that the tendency is making itself felt to introduce the eight-hours system into our asylums. On the score of expense alone, this, I think, is impossible. The only reasonable way to remedy the undoubted drawbacks of the service is by the granting of as liberal an allowance of half-days and holidays as possible. This has been done to the utmost of our ability, and, so far as I can discover, our practice in the department in this respect is as generous as in any part of the English-speaking world. I believe we are pioneers of the future in this reform. I am sure that in the present state of the colony it would be impossible to provide either the accommodation or the salaries required. Ever since the great labour upheaval of 1890-91, the tendency has been to consider the comforts of attendants in a far greater degree than the improvement of the necessary accommodation and treatment of patients, who have no votes, and cannot make themselves felt through the Press. Considering the amount of money at our disposal, lam sure the people of Canterbury ought to be proud of the work Dr. Levinge and his staff have done at Sunnyside. Seacliff Asylum. 6th September, 1899.—1 found the Asylum working well, except for the griveous overcrowding on the female side. Simla is now all but ready for occupation, and this will give great relief on

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the male side. I hope to be able during this summer to build a nurses' home, which will enable us to devote the rooms they now occupy for the use of patients. The staff is working very harmoniously, and is efficient. About 30 acres of fresh ground has been got ready for use, so that Dr. King estimates that we shall be able to have a large surplus of potatoes. The dietary is abundant, and of good quality. The assistant clerk and storekeeper promises to be a very satisfactory officer. If the Government can see its way to light the institution with electricity, an immense boon will be conferred by the relief from anxiety regarding fire, and the saving of a great deal of labour. All the statutory books are in order. 11th January, 1900. —The overcrowding on the female side will shortly be relieved. Authority has been issued for the erection of twenty-six single rooms, and a corridor and day-room. A nurses' home is also authorised, which will make the single rooms at present occupied by them available for patients. Subject to Dr. King's approval, we could give further relief by removing about thirty females to Porirua, where the new wing for females will soon be ready for occupation. Of course, there are serious objections to removing patients to districts remote from their friends. In many cases where the friends have taken little interest the fact of removal of patients to a distant asylum seems to quicken their anxiety to such a degree that they take a great deal of trouble to thwart the proposals of the department. The" additional accommodation provided last year at Simla and the convalescent cottage for females has been a great boon. Except in the female refractory ward, the condition of the Asylum is very satisfactory. To-day 238 men are engaged in the various operations of the farm and. garden ; in inside work eighty-nine are engaged. Of the women, eighteen are engaged fruit-picking, while fifty-six- are occupied inside. Two women were confined to bed yesterday, and three men. The farming operations are being actively prosecuted, and the crops are good. There is abundant grass. The prospects for the year are very encouraging. Vigour and progress are manifest in every department, so that my visits to this Asylum have become a great pleasure instead of being a constant source of anxiety as they were for many years. Hokitika Asylum. 30th October, 1899.—1 found this Asylum in its usual good order. Mr. and Mrs. Gribben, with their staff, are working effectively and harmoniously. The patients are manifestly well cared for. The buildings are well adapted for their purpose, and kept in admirable repair. The patients are well fed, clothed, and lodged. Nobody was confined to bed, nor was there anybody in seclusion. The stock was found in good order. The statutory books are well kept. The number of patients is 123—males, 86 ; females, 37. Dr. Macandrew is very attentive to his duties. The dining-hall has been extended with great advantage. The new dormitory containing twenty-four beds has given great relief. This year ten single rooms are to be at once provided, and thus one of the greatest wants in the Asylum will be met. Mr. Dungan and Mrs. Reynolds, Official Visitors, are active in their duties, and send regular reports to the Minister. Nelson Asylum. 14th August, 1899.—1 saw all the patients to-day in company with Dr. Talbot. One woman was in bed, and was being well attended to. The dinner was abundant, well cooked, and of good quality. I was pleased to find that great pains are taken to induce as many patients as possible to interest themselves in some work in the open air. Here as elsewhere I invariably find the open-air workers looking much better, eating better, and sleeping better. In fact, exercise in the open air under judicious control is, beyond all comparison, the most potent remedy in nervous diseases. The overcrowding on the male side has been effectually relieved by the opening of the new auxiliary. There was no one confined to bed on the male side. The auxiliary building is well adapted for its purpose, and is exceedingly tidy and comfortable. The laundry is at length approaching completion after much heartbreaking delay, but even now, through some mistake, it will be necessary to lengthen the building by 6 ft. I have to express my great satisfaction with the way in which Miss McGoldrick carried on Mrs. Morrison's work during her absence. Mr. and Mrs. Morrison are able and faithful in their duties. Dr. Talbot's attention to his patients is very satisfactory. The Deputy Inspector and the Official Visitors are vigilant and extremely solicitous for the improvements of the institution. Porirua Asylum. 17th May, 1899.—Visited the Asylum. 6th August, 1899.—Examined all the buildings. Saw all the patients. Found one male and four females in bed. Saw the dinner being served The quality of the food was excellent, and it was well cooked and served. The behaviour of the patients was very quiet and orderly. The attendants were deft and quiet, managing their patients very well. Good progress is being made with the terminal wing on the female side. 14th December, 1899.—1 have examined the whole building, and have seen all the patients at breakfast, except three men and one woman who were confined to bed, and whom I examined separately. In consultation with Dr. Hassell, I made a careful examination of the case of J. T. S., who wanted his discharge. We decided that it would not be safe to discharge him. lam afraid that he will be troublesome for some time in consequence of refusal; indeed, he threatened that there would be trouble because of it. I think it would be prudent to watch him carefully. All other promising cases were carefully considered. lam very doubtful about D.'s case, because his friends will have nothing to do with him, and if set at liberty he cannot be kept away from New Plymouth. The work of the institution was proceeding satisfactorily. 29th April, 1900. —I have found this Asylum in excellent order. I found the patients just finishing dinner, and all looking well. The food was excellent, and everything was working very

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smoothly. I saw all who were in bed, and found they were receiving every attention. All recent and convalescent cases I discussed with Dr. Hassell. The recent opening of the new female wing has had a most beneficial effect on the working of the female side. The final continuation of the male side is already in progress, so that in a few months this Asylum will, for its purpose of a chronic asylum, be one of the best-arranged and best-managed institutions in New Zealand. The administration is admirable, and the ability and energy with which Dr. Hassell is laying off the grounds, and especially the new airing-courts, are worthy of the highest commendation. Some little difficulties inseparable from a change of matrons which existed on the female side have been happily dealt with without any unpleasantness. Wellington Asylum. 3rd October, 1899.—Visited the Asylum, and found everything in good order. 24th January, 1900.—1 have made a careful examination of the male side, but deferred examining the female side until I could do so along with Dr. Gow. 26th February, 1900.—Found everything working well. 3rd May, 1900.—1 found everything in satisfactory order. The new drying-closet horses seem to work with a good deal of friction, but this may be due to sand in the grooves. The cementwork is not first-class. The dinner was excellent, the patients suitably clad, and cleanliness universal. Ashburn Hall. 12th January, 1900.—1 have examined all the Asylum premises, and found everything in admirable order. Every one of the inmates, male and female, has been seen, and -their condition and treatment considered and discussed with Dr. Hay. Dr. E. Alexander, who has served as assistant in Morningside and Fife Asylums, acts as Dr. Hay's colleague; but on this day he was absent on a week's holiday. Some years ago he was appointed by the Government to be Assistant at the Mount View Asylum, Wellington. He did not enter on his duties, preferring to go into private practice. For some time he has been attached to the staff of this licensed house. The agitation which was being pressed by some ex-attendants has, I trust, subsided. lam satisfied that it was not justified. I have the fullest confidence in Dr. Hay's administration of this institution, and I am sure that no professional man who has made his acquaintance can fail to be impressed with his special knowledge and ability. In this colony we suffer from the lack of such authoritative tribunals of appeal in all matters concerning asylum management as exist in England, and the consequence is that every Asylum Superintendent must face a baptism of fire ; and the public mind is easily stirred into suspicion. This is so well known that nothing.is easier than to get up siifama clamosa without any real justification. D. MacGregor, M.A., M.8., Inspector of Asylums.

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APPENDIX.

Table I.—Showing the Admissions, Readmissions, Discharges, and Deaths in Asylums during the Year 1899.

Table II.—Admissions, Discharges, and Deaths, with the Mean Annual Mortality and Proportion of Recoveries at per Cent. on the Admissions, &c., during the Year 1899.

Table II.— continued.

Table II. — continued.

In asylums, 1st January, 1899 Admitted for the first time Eeadmitted M. F. T. M. F. T. 1,472 1,007 2,479 225 39 165 82 390 121 I 264 247 511' Total under care during the year Discharged and removed— Recovered Relieved Not improved Died 88 15 7 114 99 25 42 43 187 40 49 157 1,736 1,254 2,990 224 209 433 Remaining in asylums, 31st December, 1899 .. 1,512 1,045 2,557 Increase over 31st December, 1898 40 38 78 Average number resident during the year 1,487 1,004 2,491 * Transferred: 5 males, 48 females; total, 53.

Asylums. In Asylums on 1st January, 1899. Admitted for the First Time. Admissions in 1899. Beadmitted. Total Number of Patients under Care. Total. Auckland Christchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) Hokitika Nelson Porirua Wellington Ashburn Hall (private asylum) M. F. T. 275 163 438 282 241 523 385 250 635 87 38 125 82 54 136 199 142 341 141 97 238 21 22 43 M. 53 41 54 13 11 51 2 F. 32 24 41 8 6 1 48 5 T. 85 65 95 21 17 1 99 7 M. 8 8 8 2 4 7 2 F. 4 6 11 2 43 14 2 T. 12 14 19 4 47 21 4 M. F. T. 61 36 97 49 30 79 62 52 114 13 8 21 13 8 21 4 44 48* 58 62 120 4 7 11 M. 336 331 447 100 95 203 199 25 F. 199 271 302 46 62 186 159 29 T. 535 602 749 146 157 389 358 54 Totals .. 1,472 1,007 2,479 i 225 165 390 39 82 121 264 247 511t, 1,736 1,254 2,990 * Including 4 males and 43 females transferred from other asylums. I Including 5 males and 48 females transferred.

Asylums, Patients Discharged and Died. In Asylums on the 31st December. 1899. Discharged recovered. Discharged not recovered. Died. Total Discharged and Died. .uckland Ihristchurch Junedin (Seacliff) lokitika lelson 'orirua Vellington .shburn Hall (private asylum) M. 19 20 23 3 1 4 14 4 . F. 18 11 28 1 3 9 24 5 T. 37 31 51 4 4 13 38 9 M. 7 7 F. 3 34 13 T. 3 41* 20 M. F. 30 9 22 6 30 13 9 . 4 7 4 3 2 12 5 1 T. 39 28 43 13 11 5 I 17 1 i M. 49 49 60 12 8 8 33 5 F. T. 30 79 51 100 54 114 5 17 7 15 12 20 44 77 6 11 M. F. 287 169 282 220 387 248 88 41 87 55 195 174 166 115 20 23 T. 456 502 635 129 142 369 281 43 1 7 1 15 1 2 22t 1 Totals 88 99 187 22 67 89} 114 43 157 j 224 209 433 1,512 1,045 2,557 * Including 2 males and 31 females transferred. 18 females transferred. + Including 3 males and 17 females transferred. J Including 5 males and

Asylums. Average Number resident during the Year. Percentage of Recoveries on Admissions during the Year. Percentage of Deaths on Average Number resident during the Year. Percentage of Deaths on the Admissions. Auckland Christchurch Dunedin (Seaoliff) Hokitika Nelson Porirua Wellington Ashbum Hall (private asylum) .. M. 278 283 384 88 83 196 154 21 F. 162 221 251 37 55 168 89 21 T. 440 504 635 125 138 364 243 42 M. F. T. 31-15 50-00 38-14 40-82 36-67 39-24 37-10 53-85 44-74 23-08 12-50 19-05 7-69 37-50 19-05 10-79 5-56 8-86 7-77 2-71 5-55 7-81 5-18 6-77 10-23 10-81 10-40 8-43 7-27 7-97 1-53 1-19 1-37 7-79 5-62 7-00 4-76 .. 2-38 M. 49-18 44-90 48-39 69-23 53-85 p. 25-00 20-00 25.-00 50-00 5000 T. 40-21 35-44 37-72 61-90 52-38 24-14 38-71 31-67 100-00 71-43 81-82 20-69 25-00 8-06 14-17 9-09 Totals 1,487 1,004 2,491 32-31 44-33 37-58 7-67 4-28 6-30 42-69 20-20 32-83

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Table III. —Ages of Admissions.

Table IV.—Duration of Disorder at Admission.

Table V.—Ages of Patients discharged "Recovered" and "Not recovered" during the Year 1899.

Table V.— continued.

Ages. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliff). HokitikaJ Nelson. Porirua. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Oil M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Oil 10 1 3 5 8 21 14 35 60 67 127 42 66 108 58 37 95 41 33 74 30 19 49 7 5 12 10 1 Inder 5 years 'rom 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ » 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ , 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ Fnknown 10 1 10 1 6 4 10 9 7 16 7 9 16 16 3 19 11 4 15 6 8 14 4 15 .. 0 2 2 5 3 8 14 8 22 5 5 10 9 2 11 9 3 12 5 5 10 12 3 10 1 13 4 112 14 17 31 12 14 26 15 5 20 7 8 15 12 3 15 0 2 2 2 3 5 112 4 15 6 0 6 Oil 112] 2 2 4; 2 2 4 3 2 5i 3 0 3 Oil 2 0 2 12 3 18 9 2 12 14 0 11 11| 0 10 10 Oil 10 1 7 3 10 20 22 42 12 20 32 11 9 20 6 6 12 112 Oil 0 11 Oil 3 4 7 112 Totals 61 36 97 49 30 79 62 52 114 13 8 21 13 8 21 4 ii 48 58 62 121 4 7 11 264 247 511

Auckland. Christ- Dunedin church. (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Porirua. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. First Class (first attack, and within 3 mos. on admission) Second Class (first attack, above 3 mos. and within 12 mos. on admission) Third Glass (not first attack, and within 12 mos. on admission) Fourth Class (first attack or not, but of more than 12 mos. on admission) Unknown M. F. T. 38 14 52 , M. F. T. 118 13 31 M. F. I. 22 10 32 M. F. T. 8 19 M. F. T. 7 5 12 M. F. T. 3 29 32 M. F. T. 38 27 65 M. F. T. 0 2 2 M. F. T. 134 101 235 4 4 8 ill 2 13 8 21 I 1 1 2| 10 1 0 5 5 5 6 11 Oil 25 26 51 11 10 21 9 8 17 5 4 9 3 2 5 4 15 0 4 4 4 6 10 3 3 6 39 38 77 8 8 16 9 4 13 22 30 52 14 5 12 3 1 6 7 11 23 34 112 54 78 132 12 4 16 12 4 16 Totals 61 36 97 49 30 79 62 52 114 58 62 120 13 8 21 13 8 21 4 44 48 4 7 11 264 247 511

Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Ages. Recovered reo^.ed Becoveredj Te £°* xeA Becoverei 1 recovered Be^ered| rec Not rea M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. I , . T. M. F. 1. From 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ Unknown 112 6 6 12 4 2 6 6 4 10 14 5 112 0 1 1 0 2 2 2 2 4 7 2 9 13 4 4 2 6 5 16 10 1 0 11 13 4 2 7 9 2 8 10 0 8 8 2 6 8 0 11 1 1 0 4 4 7 10 17 7 7 14 6 2 8 3 3 6 0 2 2 10 1 112 3 14 0 2 2 0 2 2 15 6 12 3 2 0 2 1 0 1 Oil Totals 19 18 37 0 3 3 20 11 31 7 34 41 23 28 SI 7 13 20 J 3 1 4

Nelson. Porirua. Wellington. Ashbui (Private :n Hall Asylum). Total. Ages. Re- I Not recovered, j covered. Ee- Not recovered, covered. Re- Not covered, recovered. Becovered. Not , recovered. Becovered. Not recovered. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Iff. F. T. M. F. T. 0 1 1 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 0 11 M. P. T. From 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 7C „ 80 „ Unknown 112 Oil Oil 2 2 4 13 4 0 2 2 0 11 112 10 1 0 4 4 5 7 12 14 5 5 3 8 3 4 7 Oil 112 4 5 9 2 5 7 0 3 3 10 1 12 3 0 2 2 2 13 Oil 4 11 15 31 30 61 14 22 36 24 15 39 12 14 26 3 5 8 0 11 10 1 2 2 4 8 9 17 4 15 19 3 14 17 1 15 16 3 10 13 0 1 1 0 1 1 oil oil Totals 13 4 4 9 13 112 14 24 38 7 15 22 4 5 9 0 11 88 99 187 22 67 89

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Table VI.—Ages of the Patients who died.

Table VII.—Condition as to Marriage.

Ages. Auckland. ™££ Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Ashburn Porirua. Wellington. ( I Asylum). Total. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M, F. T. M. V. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 'rom 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ „ 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ iver 90 years Inknown 2 13 3 14 6 0 6 8 19 3 2 5 5 2 7 3 2 5 10 1 10 1 6 2 8 5 2 7 8 0 8 12 3 Oil 4 2 6 4 0 4 7 18 7 2 9 8 5 13 0 2 2 112 2 0 2 2 13 2 0 2 2 0 2 Oil 1 0 1 112 10 1 2 13 112 112 10 1 Oil 10 1 10 1 5 16 112 2 13 112 112 10 1 3 2 5 14 4 18 15 4 19 25 5 30 22 9 31 25 9 34 8 9 17 Oil Oil 1 1 101 10 1 2 '6 2 Totals 30 9 39 22 6 28 30 13 43 9 4 13 7 4 11 3 2 5 12 5 17 10 1 114 43 15'

Admissions. Discharges. Deaths. Auckland— Single .. Married Widowed 51. F. T. 39 11 50 20 16 36 2 9 11 M. F. T. 14 5 19 4 11 15 15 6 M. F. T. 14 2 16 12 3 15 4 4 8 Totals 61 36 97 19 21 40 30 9 39 Ohbistohuboh — Single Married Widowed Unknown 33 16 49 15 10 25 14 5 18 18 36 9 21 30 0 4 4 0 2 2 9 13 0 1 10 8 16 2 2 Totals 49 30 79 27 45 72 22 6 28 Dunedin (Seaolifi) — Single Married Widowed 33 26 59 25 20 45 4 6 10 18 19 37 11 19 30 13 4 18 10 2 3 21 5 15 5 7 Totals 62 52 114 30 41 71 30 13 43 HOKITIKA — Single Married Widowed 11 2 0 2 13 5 7 1 1 3 0 0 1 3 1 6 3 1 3 7 6 Totals 13 8 21 3 1 4 9 4 13 Nelson — Single .. Married Widowed 6 0 1 3 9 5 11 0 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 1 3 0 4 6 1 Totals 13 8 21 1 3 4 7 4 11 Pobibua — Single Married Widowed 4 21 25 0 18 18 0 5 5 3 2 0 3 5 2 6 7 2 3 0 0 2 3 2 Totals 4 44 48 5 10 15 3 2 5 Wellington— Single Married Widowed 38 27 65 19 30 49 15 6 14 15 29 5 20 25 2 4 6 8 2 2 2 10 3 5 0 2 Totals 58 62 120 21 39 60 12 5 17 Ashbuen Hall (Private Asylum)— Single Married Widowed 1 3 0 5 1 1 6 4 1 '2 2 4 2 6 4 1 0 1 Totals 4 7 11 4 6 10 1 0 1 Totals — Single .. Married Widowed Unknown 165 111 276 90 105 195 9 31 40 72 64 136 34 82 116 4 18 22 0 2 2 62 10 72 43 22 65 9 11 20 Totals 264 247 511 110 166 276 114 43 157

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Table VIII.—Native Countries.

Table IX.—Ages of Patients in Asylums on 31st December, 1899.

Table X.—Length of Residence of Patients who died during 1899.

Dunedin jj~t;t-ik,. (Seacliff). Hokitika. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum!. Countries. Auckland. Christchurch Nelson. Porirua. Total. England Scotland Ireland New Zealand Austral'n Colonies France Germany Norway Sweden Denmark Italy China Maoris Other countries .. M. F. T. 103 63 166 25 11 36 59 43 102 64 39 103 2 5 7 M. F. I. i 87 81 168; 44 21 65 65 51 116 53 41 94 9 6 15 10 1 4 0 4 4 0 4 1 M. F. T. J 82 53 185 114 80 194! 97 64 161| 34 33 67 8 13 21 0 2 2 10 0 10 8 2 10 3 0 3 0 11 4 0 4 20 0 20 10 1 6 0 6 ! M. F. T. ; 13 6 19 14 3 17 129 19 48 16 8 24 2 3 5 10 1 3 14 M. P. T. 28 13 41 5 4 9 20 11 31 21 23 47 3 2 5 M. F. T. I 66 51 117 26 17 43 41 54 95 31 42 73 7 18 3 0 3 0 2 8 1 0 1 3 1 4 10 1 2 13 2 0 2 3 14 3 4 7 M. F. T. 51 26 77 19 11 30 34 24 58 41 38 79 4 5 9 M. F. T.i 8 6 14 6 12 18 10 1 3 4 7 10 1 M. F. 438 299 253 159 346 266 266 228 36 35 5 2 33 13 13 4 13 3 12 2 11 1 30 0 14 9 42 24 T. 737 412 612 494 71 7 46 17 16 14 12 30 23 66 6 3 9 0 1 1 4 5 9 0 2 2 2 13 3 0 3 10 1 3 0 3 4 2 6 Oil Oil 2 0 2 4 0 4 2 0 2 2 0 2 3 0 3 Oil 10 1 4 0 4 0 11 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 6 5 11 15 0 15 oil 11 19 30 2 0 2 4 0 4 1 "o 1 Totals .. 287 169 456 282 220 502 387 248 635 88 41129 87 55 142 195 174 369 166 115 281 20 23 43 1512 1045 2557

Ages. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Porirua. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. B , . T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Oil Oil 13 4 112 36 31 67 67 57 124 107 50 157 80 63 143 79 32 111 11 7 18 5 2 7 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Oil 4 3 7 7 11 18 30 16 46 174 142 316 282 232 514 374 248 622 349 238 587 217 107 324 54 33 87 6 9 15 15 5 20 1 to 5 years 5 „ 10 „ 10 „ 15 „ 15 „ 20 „ 20 „ 30 „ 30 ,,40 „ 40 „ 50 „ 50 „ 60 „ 60 „ 70 „ 70 „ 80 „ Over 80 „ Unknown 112 13 4 5 3 8 39 20 59 61 34 95 64 45 109 60 34 94=| 42 20 62] 9 9 181 2 0 2 0 2 2 10 5 15 31 29 60 51 47 98 61 55 116 74 47 121 35 23 58 12 7 19 12 3 5 3 8, Oil Oil 2 0 2 7 5-12 12 2 14 10 11 21 22 13 85. 25 4 29, 7 18 Oil 3 2 5 2 0 2 3 14 9 5 14 10 16 26 20 10 .30 28 14 42 10 7 17 5 16 Oil 0 2 2 12 3 21 19 40 46 44 90 58 46 104 45 45 90 17 15 32 6 17 10 1 3 0 3 8 4 12 30 32 62 31 31 62 47 25 72 37 14 51 6 4 10| 2 4 6 Oil 1 0 1 112 4 15 7 6 13 I 3 8 11 3 2 5 2 3 5 0 2 2 5 0 5 10 1 Totals .. 287 169 456! 1282 220 502 387 248 635 88 41 129 ! ! 87 55 142 195 174 369 166 115 281 23 43 1512 1045 2557

Length of Besidence. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin u , .±., (Seacliff). Hokitaka. Nelson. Porirua. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. P. T. 10 1 5 2 7 3 0 3 2 0 2 12 3 3 0 3 2 0 2 2 13 10 1 3 14 2 0 2 10 1 3 3 6 10 1 M. P. T. .112 M. P. T. 2 0 2 2 0 2 3 0 3 3 2 5 10 1 7 6 13 112 2 0 2 0 11 3 14 2 0 2 M. P. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. 112 M. P. T. M. P. T. 5 2 7 8 2 10 9 3 12 8 2 10 7 2 9 19 9 28 11 4 15 8 3 11 2 2 4 8 3 11 6 0 6 2 0 2 20 10 SO 1 1 Inder 1 month 'rom 1 to 3 months .. 3 6 „ 6 „ 9 ,. 9 „ 12 „ 1 „ 2 years „ 2 „ 3 „ „ 3 „ 5 „ „ 5 „ 7 „ 7 „ 10 „ „ 10 „ 12 „ „ 12 „ 15 „ •ver 15 years )ied while absent on trial oil 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 112 3 0 3 112 3 2 5 10 1 5 0 5 3 14 112 Oil 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 3 0 3 Oil Oil 10 1 oil 2 13 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 0 11 10 1 101 9 i 10 4 2 6 oil Oil 2 2 4 2 i' 3 10 1 Totals 30 9 39 22 6 28 30 13 43 9 4 13 7 i 11 3 2 5 12 5 17 10 1 114 43 157

H.—7

16

Table XI.—Length of Residence of Patients discharged "Recovered" during 1899.

Table XII.—Causes of Death.

Length of Besidence. Auckland. Christcburoh. Dunedin (Seacliff). ' Hokitika. Nelson. j Porirua. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. I [ Under 1 month From 1 to 3 months „ 3 „ 6 „ „ 6 „ 9 „ , 9 ,,12 „ 1 „ 2 years.. „ 2 „ 3 „ .. „ 3 „ 5 „ .. „ 5 „ 7 „ .. „ 7 ,,10 „ .. „ 10 ,,12 „ .. „ 12 „15 „ .. Over 15 years M. F. T. 6 2 8 3 3 6 4 4 8 3 0 3 2 4 6 0 3 3 0 2 2 10 1 M. F. T. 2 0 2 4 4 8 6 17 5 3 8 2 13 0 11 112 M. F. T. 7 2 9 5 5 10 8 8 16 0 7 7 14 5 12 3 M. F. T. 10 1 10 1 10 1 0 11 M. B\ T. 12 3 0 11 M. F. T. 0 2 2 0 2 2 13 4 112 112 10 1 M. F. T. |358 6 6 12 0 6 6 2 0 2 12 3 13 4 112 0 11 M. F. T. 0 1 1 1 0 1 3 0 3 0 2 2 0 2 2 M. F. T. 9 3 12 19 16 35 28 22 50 10 23 33 9 9 18 5 13 18 3 8 11 3 4 7 2 13 10 1 Totals .. 19 18 37 88 99 187 20 11 31 23 28 51 3 14 13 4 4 9 13 14 24 38 4 5 9

Causes. Auckland. Ashburn Christ- Dunedin tj,.!.:*!!,,, noIroii Pnrinm Welling- Hall church. (Seacliff). lloi£ltllia - Nelson, i-onrua. ton (Private Asylum). Total. M. F. T. 10 1 2 0 2 Oil Oil M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 10 1 11 2 13 2 2 4 4 15 112 4 15 10 3 13 0 2 2 Abscess in lung Apoplexy Bright's disease Bronchitis Cancer Cerebral softening Chronic brain-disease Chronic brain-disease and diarrhoea Chronio brain-disease and measles Convulsions Diabetes Diarrhoea Enteritis Epilepsy Gastric ulcer General paralysis Heart-disease Intestinal ulcer Marasmus Paralysis Peritonitis Pneumonia Rupture of and fatty degenerated heart Senile decay Septicaemia and senile decay Thrombosis and degeneration of cerebral arteries Tuberculosis Tumour of thyroid Died whilst absent on trial 3 0 3 3 0 3 112 10 1 10 1 10 1 101 123 10 1 10 1 0 11 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 101 l i' 2 7 18 0 2 2 l i' 2 I Oil * * Oil • • • • 10 1 0 11 10 1 10 1 Oil 10 1 2 13 10 1 16 2 18 4 15 10 1 7 3 10 1 0 1 2 13 8 6 14 10 1 10 1 Oil 10 1 101 oil 10 1 6 17 101 4 04 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 3 03 Oil 10 1 oil 101 10 1 oil l i' 2 101 3 14 3 03 10 1 10 1 3 14 3 03 1 i' 2 14 5 101 10 1 0 11 10 1 12 3 10 1 3 14 112 Oil 10 1 7 5 12 10 1 10 1 10 1 7 18 10 1 10 1 7 18 4 2 6 Oil 2 2 4 10 1 3 2 5 24 9 33 10 1 112 Oil Totals 30 9 39 22 6 28 30 13 43 9 4 13 7 4 11 3 2 5 12 5 17 10 1 114 43 157

3—H. 7.

H.—7

Table XIII.—Causes of Insanity.

17

Causes. Auckland. ™ Houtika. ! Nelson. Porirua. Ashburn Wellington. (p^ te Asylum). Total. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 112 3 14 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 112 4 15 Oil 0 1 ' 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 0 14 14 0 5 5 47 46 93 0 1 ,1 0 1 1 14 5 0 11 11 47 8 55 Oil 12 11 23 3 0 3 Oil 10 1 10 1 0 4 4 0 1 1 0 7 7 5 16 5 0 5 1 2 3 24 3 27 Oil 5 0 5 Oil 112 10 1 3 0 3 18 9 6 7 13 Oil 0 1 1 17 4 21 0 1 1 2 2 4 8 3 11 1 2 3 3 0 3 Oil Oil 0 6 6 6 9 15 55 73 128 Adolescence Adverse circumstances Amenorrhcea Apoplexy Appendicitis Business worry Cerebral tumours.. Child-bearing and puerperal Climacteric Congenital and hereditary .. Deafness Disappointment Dissolute life Domestic trouble and anxiety Drink Ear-disease Epilepsy Financial troubles Fright .. General paralysis Gonorrhoea Grief Hysteria Ill-health Influenza Injury Love Masturbation Opium Organic Organic cerebral disease Overwork Phthisis Privation Previous attack Eeligion Kemorse Seduction Senile decay Sexual Shock .. Solitude Sunstroke Syphilis Tuberculosis Typhoid Uterine trouble Worry Unknown 10 1 0 2 2 0 2 2 18 12 30 Oil 1 4* 5 11 1 12 2 2 4 2 0 2 3 0 3 10 1 oil 12 5 17 0 2 2 9 0 9 4 i' 5 0 4' 4 oil 161 011 7 13' 20 0 9 9 14 2 16 Oil 2 3 5 10 1 10 1 112 9 1 10 12 3 2 6' 2 0 2 2 oil 101 3 03 1 6' 1 10 1 2 6" 2 0 2 2 Oil 14 5 Oil 112 Oil 0 2 2 10 1 0 9 9 6 9 15 6 3 9 4 *2 6 0 2 2 Oil 0 3 3 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 Oil 112 1 i 2 oil oil Oil 8 2 10 3 0 3 3 6' 8 10 1 Oil 5 0 5 0 i' .1 oil! 1 '6 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 16 7 2 0 2 •• 112 0 2 2 0 1 1 3 4 7 022 4 2 6 Oil 3 2 5 4,0 4 5 0 5 10 1 Oil Oil 3 0 3 Oil 2 0 2 10 1 2 0 2 2 13 3 14 Oil oil Oil 10 1 oil Oil 2 6 8 7 4 11 oil Oil Oil 1 21 22 0 4 4 4 2 6 20 19 39 8 8 16 13 13 26 4 4 8 2 4 6 Totals 61 36 97 49 30 79 62 52 114 13 8 21 13 8 21 4 44 48 58 62 120 4 7 11 264 247 511

H.—7.

Table XIV.—Former Occupations of Patients.

18

Occupations. Auckland. <g£& ( g™g» HoMtika. Nelsoa. Porirua. Ashburn 1 Wellington. I 1 Asylum), j Total. Males. Aboriginal natives .. Agents Boardinghouse keepers Bicycle trade Blacksmiths Bootmakers Bushman Butchers Brass-finishers Cabio-boy Carpenters Garters, expressmen, &c. Clerks Coach-proprietors, &c. Cooks Curriers Dealers M. F. T. 2 0 2 10 1 M. F. T. M. F. T. jr. F, T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 2 0 2 3 0 3 10 1 10 1 3 0 3 3 0 3 10 1 3 0 3 10 1 10 1 12 0 12 4 0 4 5 0 5 2 0 2 7 0 7 1 0 1 2 0 2 3 0 3 10 1 5 0 5 24 0 24 3 0 3 3 0 3 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 11 0 11 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 ■1 0 1 10 1 79 0 79 10 1 2 0 2 18 0 18 10 1 4 0 4 10 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 1 5 0 5 10 1 4 0 4 4 0 4 10 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 11 0 11 101 10 1 101 10 1 161 10 1 3 6' 3 ! •■ ! 2 0 2 10 1 1 6' 1 10 1 101 . 10 1 5 0 5 10 1 i 3 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 101 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 3 0 3 10 1 101 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 101 3 0 3 2 02 10 1 . t Drapers Drover Engineers Farmers Farm-labourers, &o... Fishermen Gentleman Grocers Groom Gum-diggers Horse-dealer Hotelkeeper Ironmoulders, &c. .. Jockey Journalist Labourers Letter-carrier Millers Miners Packer Painters Pauper Pedlars Physician Platelayer Plumber Printers Rabbiters Saddler Sailors Sawmillers Schoolboys Shepherds] Shipwrights Storekeepers Students Sweep Tailor Traveller Umbrella-mender Weaver Wheelwright No occupation 2 0 2 10 1 7 6' 7 10 1 3 6' 3 6 0 6 10 1 1 6' 1 101 10 1 6 0 6 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 1 10 1 3 6' 3 1 0' 1 10 1 10 1 11 0 11 101 101 2 0 2 10 1 7 0 7 16 0 16 24 0 24 10 1 2 02 363 10 1 27 0 27 5 0 5 10 1 8 6' 8 4 6' 4 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 1 '0 1 10 1 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 4 0 4 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 101 2 02 10 1 101 101 1 '6 1 10 1 101 10 1 101 10 1 10 1 10 1 3 0 3 3 03 101 101 2 '6 2 10 1 Females. Aboriginal native Agent Barmaid Dairywoman Domestic duties Domestic servants Dressmakers Housekeepers Laundress Nurses Prostitute School-girls Seamstresses Shop-assistants Teachers, governesses, &c. No occupation 0 11 0 11 oil 0 27 27 oil 0 1212 0 10 10 0 38 38 0 2 2 ! 0 1 1 ! 10 i* 1 0 5 5 Oil 0 2 2 0 6 6 Oil Oil 0 29' 29 0 5 5 Oil 0 27 27 Oil 0 26 26 0 2 2 0 7' 7 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 11 0 151 151 0 9 9 0 3 3 0 38 38 0 4 4 0 3 3 0 11 0 3 3 0 3 3 0 3 3 0 6 6 0 19 19 oil 0 22 " Oil : 0 i' 1 I 0 3 3 oil 011 0 2' 2 0 3 3 Oil 0 3 3 oil 0 5 5 022 Oil 0 2 2 0 3 3 0 5' 5 Totals 01 36 97 49 30 79 62 52 114 13 8 21 13 8 21 4 44 48 58 62 120 4 7 11 264 247 511

19

H.—7

Table XV.—Showing the Admissions, Discharges, and Deaths, with the Mean Annual Mortality and Proportion of Recoveries per Cent. of the Admissions for each Year since 1st January, 1876.

. M. F. T. In Asylums, Ist January, 1876 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 482 254 736 In Asylums, Ist January, 1900 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,512 1,045 2,557

Year. Admitted. Discharged. Died. Remaining 31st December in each Year. Average Numbers resident. Percentage of Recoveries on Admissions. Percentage of Deaths on average Numbers resident. Recovered. Believed. Not Improved. i F. T. 6601 57-56 50-80 4972 51-90 J 50-00 50-33; 47-11 44-96 44-17 51-10 44-01 38-81 i 36-75 46-98: 42-75 50-32' 42-45 47-50! 37-66 36-36 42-74 48-75 43-61 63 01 57-62 32.92 37-34 55 00 47-69 36-82 37-24 I 48-10 42-42 ! 49-72 41-30 45-18 41-03 46-66 43-40 4402 39-82 37-82 36 69 51-89 48 07 44 33 37 58 1876 1977 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 I M. 221 250 : 247 248 229 232 267 255 238 294 207 255 215 230 I 230 234 231 281 320 379 296 300 355 264 F. 117 112 131 151 149 127 ; 152 i 166 153 160 165 161 146 161 160 201 158 179 256 302 170 244 258 247 T. 338 362 378 399 378 359 419 421 391 454 372 416 361 391 390 435 389 460 576 681 466 544 613 511 M. 125 123 121 112 100 93 95 102 89 95 99 103 116 93 98 88 89 101 107 105 104 102 114 88 F. 81 57 68 76 67 65 59 78 77 76 60 78 92 53 88 74 76 89 76 ! 77 I 70 73 110 99 T. 206 180 189 188 167 158 154 180 166 171 159 181 208 146 186 162 165 190 ! 183 i 182 174 175 224 187 M. 17 20 14 15 36 41 49 13 17 10 11 34 31 31 23 33 21 17 15 24 25 26 13 15 F. 8 9 14 13 25 36 32 20 9 5 17 17 28 30 17 24 17 12 11 19 16 32 23 25 T. 29 2 28 61 77 81 33 26 15 28 I 51 ! 59 I 61 ! 40 57 38 29 26 43 41 58 36 40 M. 6 3 8 5 8 5 10 18 73 J 12 3 12 14 8 9 55 128 20 17 104 7 F. 6 2 3 3 1 7 9 12 29 8 2 1 5 30 2 9 84 139 12 31 47 42 T. 12 9 6 11 7 9 12 19 30 102 20 4 4 17 44 10 18 189 267 32 48 151 49 ! M. 36 42 51 55 54 49 60 65 68 73 57 74 78 70 76 79 74 78 64 101 86 105 88 114 F. 12 21 17 16 20 14 19 18 24 22 19 27 26 30 35 41 34 23 35 42 32 43 60 43 T. 48 63 68 71 74 63 79 83 92 95 76 101 104 100 111 120 108 101 99 143 118 148 148 157 M. 519 581 638 695 729 769 827 892 938 981 1,009 1,053 1,041 1,074 1,095 1,115 1,154 1,229 1,308 1,329 1,390 1,440 1,472 1,512 F. 264 291 319 361 396 406 442 483 514 542 604 643 640 687 702 734 763 810 860 885 -925 990 1,008 1,045 T. 783 872 957 1,056 1,125 1,175 1,269 1,375 1,452 1,523 1,613 1,696 1,681 1,761 1,797 1,849 1,917 2,039 2,168 2,214 2,315 2,430 2,480 2,557 M. 491 541 601 666 703 747 796 860 911 965 984 1,034 1,045 1.046J 1,078 l,089| 1,125 1,172 1,241 1,313 1,347 1,411 1,438 1,487 F. 257 277 303 337 871 388 421 475 497 528 559 613 641 660J 685 699J 714| 758 812 849 882 944 973 1,004 T. 748 818 904 1,003 1,074 1,135 1,217 1,335 1,408 1,493 1,543 1,647 1,686 1,707 1,763 1.789J 1,839} 1,930 2,053 2,162 2,229 2,355 ! 2,411 2,491 M. I 54-53 i 49-20 1 48-98 45-16 43-66 4008 35-58 40-00 37-39 32-31 47-82 40-39 53-95 40-43 42 61 37-61 38-53! 35-94-: 39 63 41-27 37-41 35-92 44-88 32-31 M. 8-21 7-76 8-48 8-25 7-68 6-29 7-53 FT CK ro5 7-46 7-56 5-79 7-15 756 ; 6-69 7-05 7-25 6-58 6-66 5-16 7-69 6-38 7-44 6-12 7-67 F. 3-58 7 58 5-61 4-74 5-39 3-60 4-51 3-78 4-82-4-16 3-39 4-40 . 4-05 4-54 5 11 5-86 476 303 4-31 4-94 3-63 455 6-17 4-28 T. 6-70 770 i 7 52 7-07 6-89 555 6-49 6-21 ! e-53 6-36 4-91 6-13 6-16 5-86 6-29 6-71 587 5-23 4-82 661 5-29 6-28 6-14 6-30 6,278 4,226 10,504 2,462 1,819 4,281 551 459 ! 1,010 534 I 486 1,020 1,697 673 2,370 !_^^_ 1,004 610 1,614 I I " i •• ■■ • • I I .. ..

7

20

Table XVI.— Showing the Admissions, Readmissions, Discharges, and Deaths from the 1st January, 1876, to the 31st December, 1899.

Table XVII. —Summary of Total Admissions, Percentage of Cases since the Year 1876.

Table XVIII.—Expenditure, out of Immigration and Public Works Loan, on Asylum Buildings during the Financial Year ended 31st March, 1900, and Liabilities at that Date.

Table XIX.—Total Expenditure, out of Immigration and Public Works Loan, for Repairs and Buildings at each Asylum from 1st July, 1877, to 31st March, 1900.

Persons admitted during period from 1st January, 1876, to 31st December, 1899 .. Readmissions M. F. T. • 5,146 3,265 8,411 1,132 961 2,093 M. F. T. Total cases admitted Discharged oases— Recovered Relieved Not improved Died 2,462 1,819 4,281 551 459 1,010 534 486 1,020 1,697 673 2,370 6,278 4,226 10,504 5,244 3,437 8,681 Total cases discharged and died since January, 1876 Remaining in asylums, January 1st, 1876 482 254 736 Remaining in asylums, January 1st, 1900 1,512 1,045 2,557 Average numbers resident since January, 1876 1,004 610 1,614

Males. Females. Both Sexes. Recovered Believed .. Not improved Died Remaining .. j 39-23 8-79 8-51 27-04 16-43 43-02 10-80 11-50 15-92 18-70 40-76 9-62 9-71 22-56 17-35 100-00 100-00 100-00 I [

Asylums. Net Expenditure for Year ended 31st March, 1900. Liabilities on 31st March, 1900. Aucklana Wellington Porirua Christchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) .. Nelson Hokitika £ s. a: 1,553 11 i 1,823 17 0 11,095 9 6 £ s. a. 355 17 8 958 2 11 2,365 19 10 135 12 6 2,249 16 10 470 8 G 180 0 0 1,38617 7 1,852 5 8 Totals 17,712 1 1 6,715 18 3

Asylums. 1877-02. 1892-93. 1893-94. 1894-95. 1895-06. Auckland Wellington Wellington (Porirua) Christchurch Dunedin (Seaclifi) Napier Hokitika Nelson £ s. d. 69,635 16 7 19,958 18 7 18,072 7 7 80,672 7 0 114,645 2 11 147 0 0 1,164 19 8 4,358 11 7 £ s. d. 1,076 4 10 5,981 3 11 2,990 6 7 1,310 13 10 £ s. d. 1,033 19 3 15,272 2 3 545 4 5 1,881 19 3 £ s. d. 505 10 7 880 11 1 8,007 10 2 2,159 0 9 1,879 17 8 £ s. d. 2,994 10 4 275 4 0 768 15 5 4,863 10 1 1,810 11 2 528' 9 8 223 8 1 200 0 0 22 5 8 200 0 0 Totals > . . 318,655 3 11 11,886 18 10 18,956 13 3 13,632 10 3 10,934 16 8 Asylums. 1896-97. 1897-98. 1898-99. 1899-1900. Total Net Expenditure, 1st July, 1877, to 31st March, 1900. Auckland Wellington Wellington (Porirua) Ghristchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) Napier .. Hokitika Nelson £ s. d. 9,565 4 4 175 10 0 4,873 lb 10 1,169 11 1 280 11 0 £ S. d. 3,177 14 6 133 11 4 8,655 10 0 821 18 4 222 13 6 £ s. d. 208 7 2 1,606 18 10 11,233 9 1 188 15 9 1,797 0 4 £ S. d. 1,553 11 4 1,823 17 0 11,095 9 6 £ s. d. 89,750 18 11 24,854 10 10 83,960 4 9 103,410 14 0 125,215 7 3 147 0 0 1,187 5 4 11,451 16 5 1,386 17 7 338 17 3 1,118' 1 10 2,632 2 4 1,852* 5 8 Totals .. 16,403 10 6 14,129 9 6 17,666 13 6 17,712 1 1 439,977 17 6

21

H.—7

Note.— Inoluding the first five items in Table XX., the net cost per patient is £21 19s. o|d. (or Bs. 5Jd. per week), as against £22 7s. B|d. for the previous year, being a deorease of Bs. Bd. per head.

Table XXI.— Average Cost of each Patient per Annum.

Table XX.— Showing the Expenditure for the Year 1899.

Approximate Cost of Papei —Preparation, not given; printing (1,600 copies), £18 6s. 6d.

By Authority: John Mackay, Government Printer, Wellington.—l9oo.

Price 9d.]

4—H. 7.

Items. Auckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Porirua. Wellington. Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ a. d. £ s. d. £ a. d. 1,000 0 0 87 0 0 190 0 0 1,004 7 0 514 17 5 151 4 0 362 19 3 3,025 10 8 1,092 0 0 675 19 6 599 5 5 20,460 15 9 16,932 18 7 4,378 4 7 5,711 14 7 456 14 6 110 2 0 4,271 15 7 8,636 17 0 Inspector* Assistant Inspeotor* Clerk* Medical fees* Contingencies* Official Visitors Visiting Medical Officers Superintendents Assistant Medical Officers Clerks Matrons Attendants and servants Rations Fuel and light Bedding and clothing Surgery and dispensary Wines, spirits, ale, and porter.. Farm Necessaries, incidental, and miscellaneous 25 4 0 550 0 0 238 13 4 110 12 10 75 10 5 3,595 1 0 3,216 11 11 1,011 8 2 800 8 4 51 4 7 6 2 0 551 12 4 1,110 15 4 1212 0 600 0 0 250 0 0 190 0 0 95 0 0 3,985 16 9 3,242 14 9 1,239 0 7 1,150 2 10 94 17 8 9 5 0 1,061 13 1 1,335 16 9 50 8 0 600 0 0 250 0 0 180 0 0 100 0 0 5,283 11 0 3,909 8 4 453 7 9 2,252 8 5 123 13 11 30 19 6 1,542 6 10 2,799 4 8 12 12 0 150 0 0 300 0 0 85 0 0 1,058 10 10 1,141 0 1 57 8 6 206 14 9 32 2 10 2 18 6 12 12 0 212 19 3 200 0 0 75 0 0 1,100 8 3 1,160 4 3 235 10 5 222 0 11 38 11 5 11 9 0 285 4 11 567 8 7 25' 4 0 400 0 0 103 6 8 68 6 8 85 8 4 2,948 11 8 2,289 8 1 799 18 4 505 18 2 55 5 9 14 0 0 632 1 11 1,301 10 9 1212 0 375 10 8 250 0 0 127 0 0 83 6 8 2,488 16 3 1,973 11 2 581 10 10 574 1 2 60 18 4 35 8 0 198 16 6 1,272 18 2 249 2 9 Totals Repayments, sale of produce, &c. 11,343 4 3 2,357 13 11 13,266 19 5 3,504 15 1 17,575 8 5 4,779 7 10 3,295 10 3 374 1 3 4,121 9 0 1,118 10 2 9,229 0 4 1,478 15 2 8,034 9 9 2,285 9 9 69,662 5 10 15,898 13 2 Actual cost .. 8,985 10 4 12,796 0 7 2,921 9 0 3,002 18 10 53,763 12 8 9,762 4 4 7,750 5 2 5,749 0 0 * Not included in Table XXI.

Asylums. Provisions. Salaries. Bedding and Clothing. Pnel and Surgery Wines, T Tih\ and i Spirits, Ale, \ uigiic. Dispensary. ! &c. Farm. 5 Total Cost Repayment andKKs ■ P er for MainceSan"ous. j Patient - tenance - Total Cost per Head, less Bepayments for Maintenance. riw„i r*™*- Total Cost Total Cost -.ptHpucI 1p<sb per Head, less 6 ?;?: „f Tipppints Receipts ot of allliincls a11 Wnds pre " oi an Kinds. vious Year Decrease in 1899. Increase in 1899. ! £ s. d. Auckland .. ! 7 6 2J Christchurch .. 6 8 8J Dunedin (Seacliff) 6 3 l| Hokitika .. 9 2 6f Nelson .. .. I 8 8 If Porirua .. 6 5 9J Wellington .. 8 2 5J Averages .. 6 18 3J £ s. d. 10 8 10J 10 3 8J 10 3 7 12 16 llf 11 12 0J 9 19 6 13 14 8 £ s. d. 1 16 4J I 2 5 7f i 3 10 llf 1 13 1 1 12 2| 17 9* 2 7 3 £ s. d. £ s. d. I 2 5 llf 0 2 4 2 9 2 0 3 9J 0 14 3J 0 3 101 0 9 2| 0 5 If 1 14 If 0 5 7 2 3 ll| 0 3 OJ 2 7 10| 0 5 OJ 1 15 9 0 3 8f & s. d. 0 0 3J 0 0 4J 0 0 llf 0 0 5* 0 1 8" 0 0 9£ 0 2 11 £ s. d. 1 5 1 2 2 1J 2 8 7 2 14 1 14 8f 0 16 4| £ S. d. 2 10 5f 2 13 0 4 8 2 1 19 10J 4 2 21 3 11 61 5 4 9| £ s. d. 25 15 7J 26 6 5| 27 13 6J 26 7 8£ 29 17 31 25 7 1 33 1 3J 27 6 01 £ s. d. 4 6 0J 5 2 9 5 14 4J 2 15 0 6 17 2J 2 19 11 7 4 8J £ s. d. 21 9 61 21 3 8J 21 19 2§ 23 12 3| 23 0 1*. 22 7 2 25 16 61 £ s. d. 20 8 5J 19 7 4 20 3 0£ 23 7 5 21 15 2f 21 5 10 23 13 2 £ s. d. 19 13 6J 17 8 1 20 6 8J 25 10 Of 21 12 1 25 1 If 26 8 4J £ s. d. 0 38 2 2 71 £ s. d. 0 14 11 1 19 3 0 3 1] 3 15 31 2 15 2* 0 6 51 10 15 4 2 6 71 | 0 0 lOf 1 14 10J 3 10 6J 5 0 0 22 6 Of 20 16 llf 21 3 5J •• I