LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF NEW ZEALAND (ANNUAL REPORT ON).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1881 Session I, H-13

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1881. NEW ZEALAND.

LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF NEW ZEALAND (ANNUAL REPORT ON).

Presented to loth Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency*

Siß,— Inspector of Lunatic Asylums' Office, "Wellington, 15th May, 1881. I have the honor to lay before you the following report, for the year 1880, on the lunatic asylums of the colony The number of registered insane on the 31st December, 1880, was 1,125. Their distribution is shown in the following tabular statement: — Asylums. Males. Females. Total. Auckland 173 79 252 Napier .. 14 8 22 Wellington .. 84 59 143 Nelson 33 31 64 Hokitika 51 22 73 Christchurch 163 .. 93 256 Dunedin ~ .. 211 104 315 Total .. 729 ... 396 1,125 Increase over previous year 34 35 69 Compared with the numbers at the end of the previous year there was a decrease of 4 at Hokitika, an increase of 23 at Auckland, of 3 at Napier, of 7 at Wellington, of 4 at Nelson, of 24 at Christchurch, of 12 at Dunedin, and a total increase of 69. The increase at the end of each of the last eight years was as follows : 1873, 55 ; 1874, 77; 1875, 56; 1876,61; 1877,81; 1878,85; 1879,101; 1880,69: total, 585. It was smaller last year than any of the three preceding ones; and the proportion between the number of males and females, which composed it, was altered, there being a greater number of females than males. Thus, at the end of 1875, there was an increase of 34 males, 22 females ; 1876, 33 males, 11 females ; 1877, 58 males, 23 females ; 1878, 57 males, 28 females ; 1879, 58 males, 43 females ; 1880, 34 males, 35 females. There was a corresponding difference in the number of males and females admitted into asylums during the year, to which reference will afterwards be made. The proportion of the insane to the estimated general population at the end of the year was 1 in 435. In 1879 it was in England lin 315, in New South Wales lin 365, in Victoria lin 297 It has gradually been increasing in New Zealand, thus :In 1875 it was lin 514; in 1876, lin 509; in 1877, lin 478 ; in 1878, lin 451; in 1879, lin 445; in 1880, lin 435. It is naturally to be expected in a colony that the number of insane persons should have a tendency to increase by the mere accumulation of incurables, until the same proportion is established between it and the general population which is found in older countries. In New Zealand this accumulation is hastened by the fact that the amount of insanity annually occurring is very large—larger than in England, where in 1879 the number of persons who became insane was only lin every 1,944 of the population, as against lin every 1,282 in New Zealand. This difference is no doubt partly due to the great amount of insanity caused by drink in this colony, but that is an explanation which hardly makes matters any better. Besides this, the maintenance of the insane being in this country entirely a burden on the General Government, many persons of weak and impaired mind appear on the register of lunatics who would not do so in England, where the maintenance of the insane is a heavy local charge. Nothing can be more certain than that it is not alone the state of a man's mind which setttles the question of whether he is to be considered a lunatic. It is well known, for instance, that one result of the Imperial grant of four shillings per head a week towards the maintenance of a lunatic in English asylums was that many persons of impaired mind, who had hitherto been supported exclusively by their unions, were rapidly discovered to be lunatics and fit subjects for Imperial aid ; and that, consequently, a considerable accession to the apparent number of lunatics was made. But in this country there are no parishes or unions charged with even a part of the maintenance of the insane, and interested in guarding against imbeciles and persons of decayed mind being regarded as lunatics ; and, so long as the cost of supporting the insane is entirely a charge on the General Government, while the relief of the sane poor is wholly or partly a charge on

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local bodies, there will naturally be a strong inducement to allow the elastic term " insanity " to be applied with the utmost latitude, and to place many persons in lunatic asylums who might be well enough or better provided for elsewhere. The total number of patients admitted during the year was 378, of whom 229 were males and 149 were females. Among this number were 80 readmissions. The readmissions are yearly observed to be in greater proportion to the new cases, and since 1877 have mounted up from 12 to 21 per cent of the admissions. The number admitted was less by 21 than in the previous year, the decrease consisting of 19 males and 2 females. The fact that the number of men attacked by insanity considerably diminished, while that of the women remained much the same, is probably explained by the hard times, which lessen the facilities for that over-indulgence which leads to much of the insanity observed among men, while they have no effect in restraining the common causes of insanity among women, but rather the reverse.* Of the men admitted, 152 were single and 66 married; of the women, 57 were single and 86 married. The assigned causes of insanity in those admitted during the year are shown in TableJ.3. Intemperance in the use of alcohol, as usual, is by far the most prominent, having alone, or in combination with others, contributed 70 cases out of the 378 admitted; or, the large number of cases the origin of which was unknown being excluded, 38 per cent, of the males and 11 per cent, of the females. Twenty-four women were admitted suffering from puerperal insanity; 15 of the admissions were cases of idiocy or imbecility ; and 9 cases received into the Dunedin Asylum were attributed to " emigration and congenital weakness." Hereditary predisposition was assigned as a cause in only 35 cases, but doubtless existed in many more. On the whole, although the admissions were not of quite so favourable a nature as those of the preceding year, and there was a greater proportion of readmissions, yet a large number of them were curable, and nearly 60 per cent, were labouring under a first attack, which had not lasted more than three months. Eight of the admissions were children under 15 years of age, and 2 were over 80. The total number under care during the year was 1,434 ; of these, 167 were discharged as recovered, 61 as relieved, 7 not improved, and 74 died. The recoveries were in the proportion of 4117 percent., calculated on the admission, which is somewhat higher than the average proportion in county and borough asylums in England, which, according to the thirty-fourth report of the English Commissioners, was 4028 for the ten years ending 1879. One has only to reflect on the great disadvantages under which lunacy is treated in this country in order to see that this higher rate of recovery simply indicates the more favourable nature of the cases. The great majority of those discharged recovered were under asylum treatment for less than six months; 33 of them for less than one. The number discharged unrecovered is much larger than in previous years; but many incurable patients who are harmless, and have ceased to require the special appliance of an asylum for their proper care and treatment, still remain in these institutions, owing to there being no other places into which they can be received, to the absence of friends able and willing to take charge of them, or the want of some legal provision by means of which the Government could pay their relations a small weekly sum to assist in their maintenance, or could board them out in families, as is done to a large extent in Scotland. The death-rate was 689, calculated on the average number resident. This is lower than it was in any of the three previous years, and considerably lower than the average rate in county and borough asylums in England for the ten years ending with 1879, which was 1059. Calculated on the total number under treatment the rate was 516, which also compares favourably with that in England, which averaged B'2o for the ten years above mentioned. Of the 0-1 deaths, 47 were due to diseases of the nervous system, 12 to diseases of the lungs, 3 to heart disease, 8 to abdominal diseases, 1 to ruptured intestine, 1 to suffocation by a piece of meat in the windpipe, and the remainder to various causes as shown in Table XII. In the case of ruptured intestine, which occurred in the Christchurch. Asylum, it could not be ascertained how the rupture was caused. At the inquest which was held, the Medical Officer stated " that the patient died on the 23rd November, after two days' illness. "Ho was admitted on the 25th September, 1872, from ship-board, and had no friends in the colony He waa formerly in an Irish asylum. He was very violent and dangerous, and had assaulted patients and attendants. Lately I have kept him in a single room at night in consequence of his violent habits. I made a post-mortem examination of the body yesterday, and found a hole in the intestines causing extravasation of fsecal matter and inflammation of the covering of the bowels, from which he died. He had a bruise on his right temple, which I noticed before he died, and he also had four broken ribs. They were not recent fractures —perhaps not within four months, and had nothing to do with his der.th. I could not find any trace of uleeration in connection with the hole in the bowel, and therefore think it possible it may have been produced by violence, but I can get no evidence of any There was also a bruise on the left hypochondriac region." The jury found that the patient died of a rupture of the bowels but that there was no evipence to show how the rupture had been caused. In the case of death from suffocation, which also occurred at Christchurch, by a piece of meat in the windpipe, the evidence at tho inquest showed that the patient had been getting minced meat for about two months before his death for fear of such an accident, and that it could not be ascertained where he had got the piece of meat which was found in his windpipe. As he dined along with twelve other patients, he had most likely removed it unobserved from one of their plates. One of the deaths ascribed to heart disease was that of a patient who had been discharged from the Wellington Asylum after an attack of acute mania, had relapsed almost immediately and, after attempting to drown himself, had been placed in the Nelson Asylum. It appears from the evidence taken at the inquest that the first week after his admission he was quiet and free from excitement. He then became very restless and took to throwing himself about his room. To prevent him from injuring himself mattrasses were placed on the floor, and he was restrained by means of a camisole, which, however, was very soon removed, as he was very hot. He continued more or less in this state for the next three days, and on the fourth, when apparently more composed, he suddenly gouged out one of his eyes. He was immediately attended by the Medical

* "Insanity and Intornperance," hj 0. Yellowlees, M.D., British Medical Journal, October 4, 1873.

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Officer, and was carefully looked after during the night, but died unexpectedly on the following morning. The Medical Officer attributed the death to spasm of the heart, and the verdict was to the effect that it was due to natural causes. The number of patients remaining at the end of the year was 1,125; the accommodation at the same date was for 893. The following tabular statement shows the accommodation at the several districts and its deficiency:—

Prom this it will be seen that there were in all 232 patients in excess of the accommodation, and that the overcrowding at Auckland in particular, and at Christchurch, was very serious indeed. The additional buildings now being provided to meet the deficiency are : At Auckland, the new wing of the asylum, for 107 patients, which is nearly ready for occupation ; at Christchurch, the remaining part of the male wing, for 100 patients, which should be finished this month ; at Seacliff, another temporary building, for 50 patients, which is being put up by asylum labour, and the permanent asylum, for 300, which, however, will not be completed at least for two years to come. When the new wing of the Auckland Asylum is finished it will be occupied by the male patients, and the women will be removed from the old hospital, which is urgently needed for a poorhouse, to the wing of the asylum occupied by men. But this being effected, there will still be a deficiency of accommodation at Auckland of 66 men and 29 women, not to speak of the increase which is sure to take place within the year. To meet this, after consulting with Dr. Young, the Superintendent of the asylum, I have advised the erection of a simple and inexpensive one-storeyed wooden building for 60 quiet, industrious male patients, at the farm-steading; and the District Engineer has been requested to prepare, in conjunction with Dr. Young's plan, for such a building as will be adapted to the site and the class of patients mentioned. Unless the number of the females can be reduced by retaining some of the harmless and incurable in the old hospital when it is converted into a poorhouse, it will soon be necessary to provide additional buildings for them also. Besides the above-mentioned additional ward accommodation, a good, large laundry the want of which has long been a serious inconvenience, is now being erected at this asylum. , When the male wing of the new Christchurch Asylum is finished, as it shortly will be, it will accommodate 150 patients ; and there will still be an excess of some thirteen of each sex, and the inevitable increase to provide for. I think an additional dormitory for the women, the central administration block, containing kitchen, dining-hall, store-rooms, officers' quarters, &c, and a residence for tho Medical Superintendent, should be erected as soon as possible; but lam not prepared to advise further extension of the male side, as it appears to me very doubtful if it would not bo better to keep the population of this asylum within 300, by removing from time to time harmless and incurable patients, who have no localities, to buildings of a much less expensive kind, such as could be provided to any extent required on the large reserve at SeaclifE. The object of the temporary building for fifty men at Seacliff is principally to relieve the now excessively-crowded condition of the female department of the Dunedin Asylum, by enabling that number of men to be removed, and annexing their present quarters to the female department, which can be done without entailing any great disadvantage. It is planned by Mr. Hume, the Superintendent, with strict regard to tho understanding that it is merely temporary, and is to be taken to pieces and its materials used for attendants' cottages as soon as the permanent asylum is built. It will cost about £900. By the time these additional buildings are ready there will likely be sufficient accommodation for the numbers then existing, and it will at least be possible to remove all the patients from the present Dunedin Asylum, which for many often-mentioned reasons it is exceedingly desirable to vacate. After that, I would propose to extend accommodation as required by means of comparatively-inexpensive buildings, such as that which is about to be erected on the asylum farm at Auckland, and by means of cottages for ten to fifteen patients, like the one recently put up at Hokitika. The Napier Asylum, which is a small detached building for twenty-three patients, within the gaol grounds, is in many respects an unsuitable place for the treatment of the insane ; and apparently it will soon have to be given up on account of the requirements of the gaol. But it docs not seem to me advisable to build a new asylum for this district until a considerably larger one is required. For some time to come all that will be actually needed is merely a reception-house, for the purposes of which the

Asylums. Amoi Dora Accomir at 31ei int of litory lodation t Dec. Numt Patii at 31b' ier of snts t Deo. Ex. ov Accomc cess rer jdation. M. 50 I\ M. 173 p. M. 123 r. Lackland —Asylum at Whau „ Old Hospital in city (temporary) fapier—(temporary, within gaol grounds) Wellington—Asylum felson—Asylum Jhristchurch —Old Asylum (temporary) „ New Asylum [okitika —Asylum .. )unedin—Asylum on High School Reserve (temporary) ,, Seacliff Farm Buildings (temporary) 17 82 30 60 50 51 132 74 50 6 82 80 80 23 70 14 84 33 113 50 51 137 74 79 8 59 31 03 22 114 3 2 3 53 29 2 28 1 18 1 28 5 546 347 729 396 183 4!) Totals "80, 1,1: 28

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present building is not ill-adapted; and from which, after a few days of medical observation, patients, when necessary, could be forwarded to Wellington or Auckland. With reference to the Wellington Asylum, which occupies a site in many respects singularly unsuitable for such an institution, and now contains about 140 patients, I do not recommend that it should be enlarged so as to accommodate a greater number—at any rate by means of extensions to the main building. A large portion of the old building requires to bo pulled down; a suitable dayroom, dormitory, lavatory, and attendants-room should be provided for the refractory ward of each department; new workshops, laundry, &c, should be erected at a convenient distance from the main building, and large cheerful airing-grounds should be made on the flanks of the building as soon as the hills can be removed and flung into the gullies. But if the numbers continue to increase, and no doubt they will, relief from crowding should be obtained either by drafting chronic and incurable cases to asylums which have a large area of useful ground, or by means of cottages at a considerable distance from the main building. I would remind you that in previous reports I have strongly insisted on the necessity of regarding this asylum as a merely temporary one, and it was with the utmost reluctance, and under pressure of the fear of the terrible results which might arise from the over-crowding, that I advised extensions of the building, on the distinct understanding that they were to be makeshifts until a permanent asylum was built. In a few years at furthest an asylum for at least 300 patients will be required for this district, and a suitable site of at least 100 acres for such an institution should be procured without delay Several sites have been proposed and reported upon, but they were either unsuitable, or the price asked for the grounds was more than the Government felt in a position to give. The Nelson Asylum, though full, is not crowded, nor likely soon to become so, the bathrooms and lavatories are small and badly constructed, and there is a want of suitable rooms for violent, destructive, and noisy patients on both sides of the house. Plans for an addition containing such rooms, new lavatories, and bath-rooms are now being prepared. Unless more land can be got for this asylum it would be obviously improper to increase its size. At Hokitika no increased accommodation is at present required. In the Appendix will be found three tables, supplied by the Colonial Architect's Department, showing the expenditure and liabilities on account of lunatic asylums and existing contracts for asylum buildings. From these it appears that the expenditure during the financial year ended the 31st March last was £39,604 ss. 6d. ; and the liabilities on the 31st March were £24,911 Bs. lOd.; and the total expenditure from July, 1877, to the 31st March of this year was £84,676 Is. 7d. The expenditure has been—at Auckland, £29,037 16s. Id.; at Wellington, £11,859 4s. Bd. ;at Christchurch, £27,290 19s. 4d.; at Dunedin, £15,323 6s. Bd.; at Napier, £87 ; at Hokitika, £1,042 18s. lOd. ; and at Nelson, £34 16s. Cost of Maintenance. The total expenditure on the management and maintenance of the insane was, as shown in Table XV, £35,259 14s. 5d., or £100 12s. less than that of the previous year. The amount received for the maintenance of patients and from the sale of asylum produce was £4,218 2s. 5d., or £242 9s. 3d. more than it was the previous year, and this, being deducted from the above sum, leaves £31,011 12s. as the actual expenditure by the Government, which is £343 Is. 3d. less than in 1879, notwithstanding an increase of 71 on the average number of patients resident during the year, and 80 in the total number under treatment. The cost of maintenance per head in the different asylums is shown in Table XVI. The average was £30 13s. Id. per annum, or deducting repayments, £26 15s. lfd., being less than it was the preceding year by £2 15s. 6d. There is a very considerable difference in the cost of maintenance for the year at the several asylums, and also in the same asylum from year to year. The principal causes of these differences were pointed out in last year's report, and are, to a certain extent, explained by the tables, which bring out the differences under separate items of expenditure. Excluding repayments, which are very unequal, it was —at Dunedin, £24 9s. 9fd.; at Auckland, £30 9s. 3Jd.; at Christchurch, £32 Os. B|d.; at Wellington, £35 4s. 10|d.; at Hokitika, £36 9s. 7f d.; at Nelson, £36 15s. 7-Jd.; and. at Napier, £38 4s. 2|d. There has always been a great disparity in the rates of wages paid to the attendants at the different asylums. Towards the end of the year considerable reductions were made in the pay of those at the higher rates. At Hokitika, where the men were getting £120, four of them had their pay reduced to £100, one only being retained at the former rate. At Dunedin, where they were getting uniformly £100, the pay of four was reduced to £90, and that of the other seventeen to £80. A similar change was made at Wellington, where the wages were the same, and in the case of two men were reduced to £90, and in that of the other seven to £80. At Christchurch, where the majority of the men were getting £127 155., without rations, and others £109 10s., with rations, four of them had their pay reduced to £90, and the other ten to £80. At Auckland six of the male attendants get £70, and ten only £60; and at Nelson one gets £70, and the other three £60. It would be better to raise the wages of all the men in these two asylums to £70. There does not appear to have been any difficulty at Auckland or Nelson in getting attendants at wages so much lower than those which have been given in the other districts ; but, unless the pay offered to induce men to undertake the uninviting and responsible duties of an asylum attendant is considerably higher than can be got for other work, the class of persons from which the Super, intendent can select his staff becomes exceedingly limited. Latterly, male attendants have been engaged at Wellington for £60, and females at £30, and one or two men have been engaged at Christchurch and Dunedin at £60, and female attendants have been engaged at Christchurch at £45. But, although it seemed to me right to suggest that attendants should be engaged at these wages in a time of general depression, when there was reason to believe it was not necessary to offer any more, I now feel satisfied that they are not high enough to induce suitable persons to remain in the service, although *ihey may enter it for a short time. "The Lunatics Act, 1868." This Act appears to me to require alteration in many respects; but I have already forwarded to you an annotated copy with the suggestions which I have to make, and it seems unnecessary to repeat them here.

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Asylums. Auckland Asylum. —The number of patients in this asylum on the Ist January was 229—156 males and 73 females. During the year 85 were admitted —59 males and 26 females—9 of the males and of the females being readmissions ; and the total number under treatment was 314—215 males and 99 females. Of these, 25 males and 15 females were discharged as recovered, 12 males and 4 females as relieved; 15 males and 1 female died; and there remained at the end of the year 173 males and 79 females :in all 252, or an increase of 23. The recoveries give a percentage of 47 on the admissions, and the deaths a percentage of 683 on the average number resident. Of the 16 deaths which occurred, 8 were due to cerebral, 3to thoracic, 4to abdominal disease, and 1 to gangrene of the foot. My last visit to the asylum was in August, when I reported on it as follows : — I inspected the asylum at Whau, at present entirely occupied by the male patients, on the 17th, 18th, and 20th August; and the old hospital, in which the females are temporarily located, on the 19th and 24th August. There are now 165 male and 70 female patients, exclusive of 6 males and 3 females absent on trial. The men's quarters, being intended for only fifty patients, are exceedingly crowded; and their sleeping-room has to be supplemented by using as such the chapel, day-rooms, corridors, and part of the Superintendent's house, and for their use during the day there is only one room and a corridor. Great discomfort and difficulty of management result from this state of matters. When the new wing is ready for the men—which, apparently, it will not be till December, although, according to contract, it should have been finished in May—their condition will be much improved, and so will that of the women, who will then be removed from the old hospital to the wing of the asylum now occupied by the men. There will still, however, be a great deficiency of accommodation for the men, whose numbers have much increased within the last two years; and it will be necessary, not only to retain the chapel for their use as a dormitory, but also, as proposed by the Superintendent, to reserve for the same purpose a row of six apartments (intended for officers and servants) which open on to the passage from the chapel to the upper female wards, as well as a room in his own house, and a large day-room on the ground-floor of the new wing. By making those extremely inconvenient arrangements it will be possible to house the present number of patients, and no more. But, if they continue to increase (and what hope is there that they will not?), due regard for their health and proper treatment will render it imperative to extend their accommodation. It will be better to do this, not by adding to the present expensive building, but by erecting a plain substantial wooden one, for quiet, industrious patients, on the recently-acquired farm. By adopting this course much needless expenditure on buildings will be avoided, and the wellbeing of the patients will in no respect suffer. In the meantime it would be advisable for the Superintendent to endeavour to arrange for the removal of some of the harmless and incurable patients, whose state of mind is not such as to require or benefit by asylum treatment. The mere fact that a person is insane is no sufficient reason for keeping him in an asylum. Any patient having so far recovered that he could be liberated without risk of injury to himself or others should be discharged. On no principle is his further detention justifiable. There are, unfortunately, not the same facilities or inducements for the removal of harmless incurable patients from asylums as exist in Britain. There is no watchful local authority to grudge useless expense, and undertake to provide for inoffensive imbeciles in the absence of relations able or willing to support them. But it would probably be found, on inquiry, that several such patients now in the asylum have relations able and legally bound to maintain them, and who, upon being called upon to do so, would rather take them home. It is matter of common remark at every asylum in the colony that no unnecessary delay occurs in the removal of harmless patients when their maintenance is paid for by their friends. On the other hand, nothing is more natural than that selfish or mean-spirited people should be contented to leave their feeble-minded dependants in a public institution, provided they can do so at no cost to themselves. The growing number of inmates in this asylum is not so much owing to the increase of the admissions as to a falling-off in the relative proportion of the discharges. In 1876 there were 56 admissions and 53 removals, leaving an increase of 3; in 1877,56 admissions and 36 removals, leaving an increase of 20 ;in 1878, 73 admissions and 58 removals, leaving an increase of 15 ; in 1879, 79 admissions and 46 removals, leaving an increase of 33. This does not admit of any remedy if incurable cases are not removed. It appears that payments towards maintenance are only made on account of 27 out of the 235 patients now in the asylum. Iv only two cases does the amount paid cover the entire cost of maintenance, which is over JS29 per annum. In some of the others the sums contributed are got with difficulty, and are hardly worth collecting. In two cases, ]2s. a week is paid; in fourteen, 10s. 6d.; in one, 10s.; in another, 7s. 6d.; in six, 55.; in one, 35.; and in two others, 2s. 6d. The Believing Officer who collects these sums states that in some cases the persons who pay them are in a position to afford much more. Since last inspection a large part of the asylum has been internally painted by asylum labour, and the work has been very well done. The wards are very clean and in good order; they are, however, still almost entirely without furniture, and have a bare uncomfortable look. At present there is simply no room for furniture owing to the excessive crowding. A great deal of the plaster of the restored portion of the asylum is disfigured by innumerable blisters which have broken out on the surface. This result of bad workmanship should be put right as soon as possible, so that the patients may get on with the painting of the walls. Very good wooden beds have been got for the dormitories, but many of the surplus patients are still unavoidably placed on " shakedowns,'" and this, especially in the day-rooms, leads to rapid spoiling of the bedding. The patients, both male and female, are as a rule very quiet and orderly. Their clothing is in good condition, and due attention is paid to cleanliness. The general health is good. One female is at present wearing a camisole during the night on account of her unflagging determination to commit suicide, but restraint and seclusion appear to be üßed only on rare occasions. Two paralytic patients, an old man and an idiot child, were found in bed. Some 26 of the women are restricted for exercise to the small airing-yard attached to the old hospital; the others enjoy the use of the pleasant grounds in the vicinity. Generally about 80 of the men have latterly been confined to their two airing-courts, but during the summer months the number so confined was much less, varying from 20 to 30, and the others got the full benefit of the extensive grounds now belonging to the asylum. About 70 men are entered in the journal as industrially employed in various ways, and of that number from 30 to 35 work in the farm and garden. Unless there is something very unusual about the patients in this asylum—the result, perhaps, of their having been so long confined to the airing-courts—it should be possible to induce a much larger number of them to engage in outdoor work. It is extremely gratifying to see the increased attention which is now paid to industrial employment, and the good effect which it has on the patients; but steady perseverance will probably produce still better results. The percentage of male patients industrially occupied is about 42 ; whereas in the asylum at "Sleepy Hollow" it is about 88. What is the cause of the difference? Upwards of 40 of the women appear to be generally employed —26 in needlework, and the rest in the kitchen and wards. A large number of both sexes are very helpless, 26 men and 17 women being registered as "unable to wash, dress, or feed themselves," and 12 men and 6 women as being of dirty habits. The patients are now supplied witli knives and forks, and eat their meals in a civilized manner. Their food is abundant, but in the male department there is a great sameness in the cooking, the meat being almost invariably boiled, whereas the women have theirs roasted or baked three or four days in the week. The farm has already proved an immense acquisition to the asylum by allowing the patients to have abundance of open-air exercise, and affording the means of interesting and healthy employment. Hitherto it has all been in grass; at present eight and a half acres are being sowed with potatoes, three with oats, and two with mangold, turnips, and carrots ; four more are being cleared of stones, fenced, and got ready for the plough, and about an acre is being added to the vegetable garden. As yet only five cows have been got, but it would require about fifteen fully to supply the wants of the asylum. There is far more than sufficient food for that number, and meantime milk is being bought. Dr. Young appears to have secured the services of an experienced and hard-working overseer, in whose capacity to manage the farm in an economical manner confidence may bo placed. It would be well to give him a good deal of liberty of action, and endeavour to manage this farm as little as possible from Wellington. The condition of the principal airing-court has been much improved by laying down fresh scoria; and the closets and urinals situate in it, which, from their constiuction, used to be an insufferable nuisance, have been altered and put in much better order. The sewage is now collected into a drain which passes through the kitchen garden, and admits of its being utilized or not, according as may be desired. The old piggery, whose proximity

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to the asylum was offensive, has been pulled down, and a much better one has been built on the farm. A good many pines and other trees have recently been planted about the grounds, which will much improve their appearance. Both departments of the asylum arc very frequently visited by the Deputy-Inspector, who speaks favourably oi' the condition in which he at all times finds them. The registers are now accurately kept. The general impression left by a careful inspection is that the management of this asylum has been placed in excellent hands, and deserves entire confidence. The want of a laundry is a great disadvantage :it is quite impossible to get on without one. I have examined, along with Dr. Young, the plans which, according to instructions, the architect in charge of the new wing has prepared, and can recomend their adoption, subject to a few alterations which we suggested. A dining-hall for the women, plans of whicli have also been prepared, would be a convenience, but it is not essential for their comfort and good management, and it does not seem desirable to press for it in the meantime. It is an object of great impo; tance to have the asylum lighted with gas, and I would strongly urge that instructions should be given to supply the fittings, an estimate for which has been forwarded, and to ar;ange with the gas company for the laying of a main to the asylum. A good deal of expense is caused by the continued detention of the femalo patients in the old hospital, owing to the delay in finishing the new wing. It would be advisable to ask the opinion of the District Engineer on the connection which has been made between the overflow pipes of the cisterns and the soil-pipes of the closets, both in the restored part of the asylum and the new wing, whicli appears to me extremely dangerous. The Medical Superintendent endeavoured to have some of the harmless and incurable patients above referred to removed, but with little success. On inquiry, it was not found that any of them had relations liable for their maintenance, and willing to take care of them; and, as a matter of fact, there is as yet no institution but the asylum into which they can be received. Dr. Young gave certificates, with reference to eight such patients, that they were harmless incurable imbeciles, and detained in the asylum without sufficient cause; but the Eesident Magistrate declined to discharge them, on the ground that they would certainly be brought up by the police under the provisions of " The Vagrant Act, 1866," and be committed to gaol, and thence retrausferred as lunatics to the asylum. When the old hospital is vacated by the female lunatics, it might be made to serve for a while as a benevolent asylum, and several of these imbeciles might be transferred to it. At the same time great care will require to be taken that no persons really capable of benefiting by asylum treatment are placed in such an institution, otherwise a much greater abuse than that of detaining harmless imbeciles in an asylum will creep in, and be tolerated for the sake of cheapness. Authority was obtained to purchase ten or more cows, as recommended. In the Appendix will be found a letter from the Superintendent containing similar information regarding the farm, together with a balance-sheet and return showing the produce supplied from the farm and garden during the year. The laundry is now being built and is expected to be ready in September. It has been determined to light the asylum by means of gasoline, instead of gas, and three machines have been ordered for this purpose. Mr. Thomas Macffariane, the Deputy-Inspector, visited the asylum at the Whau two or three times every month, and the old hospital two or three times a week. He reports very favourably on the general management, and the manner in which the various officers perform their duties. The new wing is now completely finished, except that the baths, which had to be ordered from England, have not yet been fitted in. ChristcJiurch Asylum. —The number of patients on the Ist January was 232 —146 males and 86 females. During the year 44 males and 21 females were admitted for the first time, and 12 males and 6 females were readmitted, and the total number under treatment was 321 —;202 males and 119 females. Of these, there were discharged as recovered 23 males and 19 females, and as relieved 7 ma'es ; 9 males and 7 females died; and at the end of the year there were left 163 males and 93 females—in all 256, or 24 more than at the beginning. The recoveries show a percentage of 4719 on the admissions, and the deaths a percentage of G'69 on the average number resident. Of the 16 deaths which occurred, 6 were due to cerebral, 6 to thoracic, and one to abdominal disease ; 1 to dropsy 1 to rupture of the bowels, and Ito suffocation by a piece of meat in the windpipe. I made an inspection of the asylum in January, the report of which has already been published, and again on the 4th and sth November. On this occasion the asylum was under the charge of Dr. Hacon, the Medical Superintendent, who had entered upon his duties in September, and Mr. Seager, the former Superintendent, having obtained a year's leave of absence, had left for England. I saw all the patients, 242 in number: their condition generally speaking was satisfactory With the exception of two or three noisy and excited females in the airing-court, they are all very quiet and well-behaved. None were in restraint; one patient, a female suffering from puerperal mania, was in seclusion. Only 9 men were recorded in the medical journal as restricted for exercise to the airing-court; almost all the others were taking extended exercise daily in the general grounds. The great change which has been effected in this respect has had a very beneficial effect in promoting tranquillity and contentment among the patients. All but 36 men and 37 women were registered as employed, and about 60 of the men were occupied in various kinds of labour out of doors. A portion of the male wing of the new building had been completed, and was occupied by 25 working patients, and this had considerably relieved the crowded state of the old building. No drainage had been provided for the new asylum, and much inconvenience was felt in consequence; but a temporary arrangement, which seemed likely to answer until connection could be made with the drainage of Addington, was shortly after resolved upon, and this will also provide for the north house, in the drainage of which no change has been effected. During the year 10 patients escaped, and one of these was not brought back, although every effort was made to trace him. No residence having yet been provided for the Medical Superintendent, he has since his appointment continued to occupy the north house, and the male inebriates, like the females, are now received into the main building. This is not a satisfactory arrangement, but the best way of putting an end to it would be, not to provide separate quarters for them in the asylum grounds, but to cut out the clause of the Act which allows them to be placed in a lunatic asylum at all, and let them be committed to an institution specially adapted to their treatment. There were 1 male and 2 female inebriates in the asylum at the beginning of the year, and during it 6 males and 2 females were admitted, and 5 males and 4 females were discharged as recovered, and at the 31st December 2 males-and no females were left. The asylum was inspected and reported on once a month by the Deputy-Inspector, who has from time to time made various suggestions, most of which have been acted upon. The Medical Superintendent js conducting the management of the asylum in a very able and energetic manner, and striving hard to

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bring it up to the Home standard; but be has many difficulties to contend with, which can only bo gradually removed. Great inconvenience is experienced from the unfinished state of the new building, the central block of which, containing the offices, kitchen, dining-hall, &c, has not yet been begun. The water-supply is deficient both for ordinary purposes and as a provision against fire. There is ample storage in the shape of tanks in the new building, but no means of raising the water to many of these has as yet been provided. Dunedin Asylum. —The number of patients in this asylum on the Ist January was 303 —206 males and 97 females. During the year 10G were admitted —51 males and 83 females for the first time, and 11 of each sex who were readmissions. The total number under treatment was 409. Of these, 25 males and 17 females were discharged as recovered, and 17 males and 12 females as relieved ; 15 males and 8 females died; and there remained at the end of the year 315 —211 males and 104 females. The recoveries give a percentage of 3962 on the admissions, and the deaths of 730 on the average number resident. Of the 23 deaths, 14 were due to cerebral, 3to thoracic, and 2to abdominal diseases ; Ito pyaemia, 2to senile decay, and Ito syphilis. At the beginning of the year there was one inebriate patient of each sex who had been committed to the asylum under the provisions of section 21 of the Lunatics Act, and one other female was committed during the year; the male and one of the females were discharged as "relieved," and one female was still in the asylum at the end of the year. There are no special wards for these cases. I inspected the asylum in January and again in November. At the latter date I reported aa follows:— On the 12th and 15th November I inspected this asylum. Considering the overcrowding, and many other oftenmentioned disadvantages, under which the treatment of the patients is conducted, I think it is very satisfactory Tlie general management of the institution reflects the gicatest credit on Mr. Hume and the other officers. The female department has now become very crowded. The recreation-room has had to be converted into a dormitory, and shakedowns are scattered throughout the building. It is positively necessary that the accommodation for the women should be increased. The way in which Mr. Hume proposes to do this appears the best and cheapest, viz., to give them the fourth male ward, which can be completely cut off from communication with the rest of the male department, and male an addition to the temporary buildings at Seacliff, sufficient for fifty men. This is a work which he could accomplish entirely by means of asylum labour, and the materials used would afterwards bo available for attendants' cottages, and separate buildings for quiet industrious patients. I have requested him to send up for approval a plan of the proposed addition, and a requisition lor the necessary material, as soon as possible. I inspected the buildings at Seacliff on the 13th instant. All the mischief done by slips to the temporary buildings has been completely repaired. It was found in very good older, but there is a great want of comfortable furniture and pictures and other ornaments, and this might easily be remedied at a small cost. The means of ventilating the sleeping-rooms are very deficient, but this is being attended to by Mr. Hume. The inmates, most of "whom ate employed in various outdoor occupations, appear very well ca'ed for, and derive much benefit, both mentally and physically, from the life they lead, which is indeed a very happy one for them, and far better than many sane people enjoy. It is certain y a charming contrast to a life of pacing up and down a dreaiy airing-court, with nothing to do and nothing to think about, which will continue to be the lot of vast numbers now detained in the old asylum, until the completion of the new one at Seacliff. It is of the utmost importance that this new building should be gone on with as quickly as possible. As yet only the central and least-urgently required portion has been begun. I would strongly urge that there shou'd bo no unnecessary de'ay in pioceeding with the whole of the rest of the building. It is no exaggeration to say that many of the present patients have gradually lapsed into hopeless dementia, partly owing to the utterly unfavourable circumstances by which they have been surrounded at the old asylum, and that they would, in all probability, have recovered had they been treated in such a place as the new one will be. The asylum was also inspected on the 17th December, by the official visitors, Messrs. A. ChethamStrode and J P Maitland, who had been recently appointed, and they reported as follows : — We have this day (17th December) visited this asylum and inspected every part of the same, and have seen all the patients confined herein, with the exception of those at Seacliff. We find that at present no patient is under restraint. At the time of our visit we find there are 212 males and 106 females on the books; of this number, Mr. Hume informs us there are 74 males and 4 females at Seacliff Branch Asylum. On going through the establishment we found the patients quiet, orderly, and cheerful; the dormitories and day-rooms were extremely clean and well ventilated. On the female side we found the wards over-crowded, but this, we were informed by Mr. Hume, will be shortly remedied by additional temporary buildings at Seacliff. On inspection the provisions we found of excellent quality, and the kitchen department well ordered, and in fact every part of the establishment in a satisfactory state. The temporary building, which the Superintendent proposed to erect, was duly authorized, and is now in course of construction. Before proceeding with another portion of the permanent asylum it was considered desirable to have a further report on the site from Dr. Hector ; and from this there appears to be no reason against going on with the erection of the south wing at once, which I would strongly recommend should be done. It is impossible to over-estimate the importance of getting the patients removed from their present dismal abode to a roomy and well-constructed asylum, with extensive grounds, where they can be engaged in cheerful and healthy occupation. It is no doubt surprising, and in some respects gratifying, to observe the tranquillity and apparent contentment which generally speaking characterize the inmates of this asylum. But the life they lead must in some respects be positively injurious to them. With a few exceptions all the males at the time of my inspection were unemployed, with hardly any means of recreation, and restricted for exercise to the airing-grounds. The majority of the women were in the same plight. It is also impossible to dispense with the use of restraint in such an ill-constructed and over-crowded asylum as this, where many of the male patients are exceedingly dangerous and intractable. I understand that it is the intention of the Government to appoint a Medical Superintendent to this asylum, and it is evident that this should be done with as little delay as possible. In English asylums of this size it is invariably considered essential that there should be two Medical Officers, and that on no pretext whatever should they both bo off the premises at the same time. When it is remembered that there are now in reality two asylums, one in Dunedin and the other at Seacliff, and that the management of both of them is impeded by difficulties altogether unknown in England, it must be seen that it is full time that at least one such officer was appointed. Nelson Asylum. —The number of patients in this asylum on the Ist January was GO—3-1 males and 2G females. During the year 5 males and 9 females were admitted for the first time, and 3 of each sex were readmitted. Altogether 80 were under treatment; and of these, G males and 4 females were discharged as recovered, and 3 of each sex died, leaving at the end of the year 33 males and 31 females. The recoveries were 50 per cent, on the admissions, and the deaths 9 per cent, on

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the average number resident. Pour of the deaths were ascribed to cerebral disease, Ito lung disease, and Ito spasm of the heart. The report of my inspection of this asylum in March has already been published, and T was not able to visit it again within the year. It was repeatedly inspected by Mr. Joseph Mackay, the Deputy-Inspector, who made the two following entries in the Inspector's book:— 22nd December, 1880.—The following are the dates of my visits to the above asylum since mv last report: Monday, 6th September; Tuesday, sth October; Thursday, 14th October; Saturday, 20th November; Saturday, 10th December; and Monday, 20th December. Everything connected with the management continues to be most satisfactory: all books and papers relating to patients were found correct. I saw all the patients, and no complaints were made to me by any of them. The whole of the premises have been thoroughly overhauled by the patients under Mr. Mills's direction, and is now in excellent order. Owing to the limited extent of the ground belonging to the asylum, the difficulty of finding suitable employment for the patients is daily increasing, and I would again urge the necessity of securing a few acres of ground in the neighbourhood as soon as possible. I believe the outlay might be made partly reproductive (if not wholly), as even now Mr. Mills raises more vegetables than the patients can consume. 28th August, 1880. —Since the date of my last report I have paid five visits of inspection to the above asylum. On each occasion I inspected the whole of the premises, and found everything in most satisfactory order. I have also seen almost all the patients, and had no complaints made to me. The keeper continues to be successful in inducing the great majority of the patients to take an interest in some kind of work : his greatest difficulty now is to find enough for them to do, as the ground connected with the asylum is so limited in extent. The walls of both wards are now ornamented with a great variety of pictures, the frames of which have been made and varnished by the patients themselves. Outside, the patients have built two neat surnmerhouses, one on the female side and the other on the male side of the grounds. These will no doubt be appreciated by the inmates in warm weather. On my last visit I was pleased to find most of the females usefully employed. A large number were busily at work making new ticking for the bedding; some were knitting, others amusing themselves with fancy work. In the female ward I saw one patient in solitary confinement, and on inquiry found that she occasionally required to be confined and to have leather gloves put on her hands to prevent her from tearing her clothes to pieces. I examined all papers of admission and found them correct; one certificate from Dr. Scaly seemed to me to contain little indicating insanity ; but on interviewing the patient herself I felt confident she was insane. Without wishing to exceed my duty, and to interfere in a matter which does not directly concern me, I cannot help recording that in my opinion the 10 per cent, reduction bears very heavily on the attendants here. Considering the nature and extent of duties required—'the attendants have to watch during the night in turns —tho salary scale in this asylum could ha'dly be called extravagant before the reduction was made. Should tho reduction bo enforced, I am afraid the inducements will not be sufficient to attract the right sort of men to the service, nor to make them take that amount of interest which is desirable. I have only to add that I fail to see why attendants in other asylums in the colony should receive more for their services, even after their salaries have been reduced, than the attendants here received before the reduction was made. 28th August, 1880.—Looking over the above report, I find I have made one omission : About two months ago Mr. Mills, the keeper, sent for me to see a patient named Harkness. On going to the asylum Harkness complained to me that one of the attendants had treated him roughly and had burnt his arm. I examined the arm and found it swollen and evidently painful. On inquiry I learned that at tea Harkness had become violent and abusive, and had to be removed. He resisted, and during the struggle his arm got hurt. I felt it to be my duty to caution tho warder against any violence in future, and against attempting to remove a violent patient without first securing tho help of another warder. "With respect to the want of sufficient ground for the employment of patients, commented upon in the above entries, and previously reported by myself, steps were being taken by the Government to obtain an orchard of some five acres in extent, conveniently situated behind the asylum; but, although this would certainly have been a considerable acquisition, it was not thought worth as much money as was asked for it, and its intended purchase was abandoned. Apparently there will be great difficulty in getting a sufficient extent of suitable land in the neighbourhood at a reasonable price, and the want of this is certainly a very serious disadvantage to the asylum. Eeferring to the Deputy-Inspector's remarks about the wages, I also think that they are too low, and have recommended that those of the male attendants should be increased to £70, and understand that it is your intention to have this done. With regard to the case of the patient mentioned as having got his arm hurt in a struggle with an attendant, I have been informed by the Medical Officer that the injury sustained, and which at the time was thought to be a strain of the muscle of the forearm, and was accompanied with such an amount of swelling and inflammation as to cause examination to be very painful, was some weeks afterwards, when all the swelling had subsided, found to be a lateral dislocation inwards of the bones of the forearm, which it did not seem advisable to meddle with. The attendant who had caused the injury was afterwards dismissed for striking a fellow-servant. Mr. Mills, the Superintendent, has forwarded plans prepared by himself, together with a requisition for the necessary material for a billiard- and readingroom, which he undertakes to erect by asylum labour. This would certainly be a most desirable addition to the building, but, considering the great expenditure necessitated for things which are absolutely indispensable, it does not seem advisable to recommend this work for your approval at present. The defect in the water-supply, formerly reported upon, still continues, and apparently cannot be completely remedied, except by adopting the proposal of the District Engineer to bringing in a supply from a neighbouring creek, at an estimated cost of about £600, in addition to that of acquiring the right to monopolize the stream. Hohitika Asylum. —There were 77 patients on the 31st January—s7 males and 20 females. During the year 7 males and 6 females were admitted, all for the first time. Of these 90 patients, there were discharged as recovered 4 males and 2 females, as relieved 4 males and 2 females, and 5 males died; and at the end of the year there were 51 males and 22 females, or a decrease of 6 males and an increase of 2 females. Three of the deaths were due to cerebral, one to thoracic, and one to abdominal diseases. The recoveries show a percentage of 46 on the admissions, and the deaths a percentage of 694 on the average number resident. In September the Hon. Mr. Bonar, M.L.0., and Dr. Giles, E.M., were appointed Official Visitors; and in the following month Mr. A. Clapcott was appointed Deputy-Inspector. Eleven visits of inspection were made by these gentlemen before the end of the year, and their entries in the Inspector's book express satisfaction at the management. The DeputyInspector reports " that a new picket fence has been erected round the cottage on the north side of the asylum ; that the steep, dangerous gully in front of the cottage has been sloped down and terraced in such a manner as to do away with the danger, and improve the general appearance of the place ; that the enclosure in front of the cottage has been nicely laid out and planted with flowers; that a number of young pines have also been procured by Mr. Gribben, the Superintendent, from Canterbury

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nurseries, and planted about in various places, both for shelter and ornament; that clearing the bush is being steadily continued by the patients ; that the five-acre section on which the cottage stands is nearly all cleared, and will probably be under crop next year; that the old cottage formerly standing on this section has been taken down and re-erected at the rear of the main building, and furnishes sleeping accommodation for seven patients; and that owing to this addition there is ample room for all patients in the asylum." Napier Asylum. —There were 13 males and 6 females in this asylum at the beginning of the year, in the course of which 1 male and 3 females were admitted, and 1 female was discharged as recovered. I inspected it on the 14th August and on the 25th September, and on both occasions found it in good order. It had been repainted externally, some nice pictures had been hung up in the day-rooms, and matting had been laid on the floors. Vine shades and an aviary full of canaries had been provided for the female airing-court. The ground in front of the building was being altered so as to admit of its being laid out as gardens for the use of the patients. An abundant supply of water had been secured by means of a large tank in which the rain-water was collected, and to which water was also laid on from the town. I saw all the patients ; they were very quiet, and seemed contented and well cared for. None were in seclusion at either visit; at the second, one man was wearing locked gloves and a canvas dress. I instructed the Superintendent to send in a requisition for materials to paint the asylum internally, for timber with which to fence the ground in front of it and provide shades for the protection of the patients from the sun, and an addition of two more rooms for the accommodation of the attendants in charge of the asylum ; and this has been done. Wellington Asylum. —There were 136 patients on the Ist January—B3 males and 53 females. During the year 27 males and 17 females were admitted for the first time, and 9 males and 8 females were readmitted, and the total number under treatment was 197 —119 males and 78 females. Of these, 17 males and 9 females were discharged as recovered, 11 males and 9 females as relieved, and 7 males and 1 female died, leaving at the end of the year 84 males and 59 females, being an increase of 1 male and 6 females. Five of the deaths were due to brain disease, Ito gastric fever, Ito senile decay, and Ito stricture of oesophagus. The recoveries give a percentage of 4262 on the admissions, and the deaths a percentage of 571 on the average nnmber resident. I inspected the asylum on the 2nd and 4th March, 19th April, 9th August, 15th October, and 15th, 16th, and 23rd December. On these occasions I was generally speaking well satisfied with the condition and management of the asjrlum and patients, and made short entries to that effect in the Inspector's book. It is impossible for me now to report on this asylum without going over the whole ground covered by the report of the Royal Commissioners, who recently investigated its management, and entering into a discussion for which this is not the proper place. I wish only, with reference to the subject of restraint, to make one or two remarks. Although this was latterly used to an unusual extent, and more than appeared to me necessary, yet on no occasion whatever, so far as I am aware, was it used in the case of any patients in such a manner as to cause the slightest pain or serious inconvenience; and, believing, as I still do, that both the Superintendent and the Medical Officer were fully alive to the importance of resorting to its use as little as possible, and that they would not employ it except where it seemed to them necessary, I did not, in any case, feel it my duty to insist on its disuse, or to take such steps as would have indirectly compelled these officers- to act in a matter of great responsibility against their own judgment. To use a homely phrase, " you cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear," and nothing could be more unreasonable than to expect that in a wretchedly-constructed building, perched upon a cutting on a hill-side, where there is not even room to make an airing-ground, you can carry out in its entirety the same method of treatment which, amidst immeasurable difficulties, risks, and anxieties, is pursued in the splendid asylums of England by accomplished and resident physicians, with large and highly-trained staffs of attendants. Nearly £12,000 have now been spent under my direction in altering and enlarging this so-called asylum, and you are now going to endeavour to complete its transformation by spending some £5,000 in further alterations, and to place it under charge of a resident physician. When these things are done it may be possible to carry out the nonrestraint system in the treatment of the patients; but I have no hesitation in saying that to insist on the non-restraint system in such an asylum as this has hitherto been, would simply mean to insist on broken ribs or something worse. I have, &c, Feed. W A. Skae, The Hon. the Colonial Secretary Inspector of Lunatic Asylums.

2—II. 13.

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.AjpzpiEiKroiix:.

Table I. —Admissions, Readmissions, Discharges, and Deaths during the Year 1880.

Table II.—Admissions, Discharges, and Deaths, with the Mean Annual Mortality and Proportion of Recoveries, &c., per Cent. on the Admissions, &c., during the Year 1880.

Table II.— continued.

Table II. — continued.

M. F. T. M. 695 361 T. 1,056 in asylums isfc January, 1880 i.dmitted for the first time ... Readmitted 185 44 113 36 298 80 ] 229 149 378 Total under care during the year Discharged or renioyed—■ Recovered ... Believed Not improved Died 100 36 S 54 67 25 2 2O 167 6l 7 74 924 [ 195 510 114 1.434 3°9 Remaining in asylum^ 31 at December, 1880 729 396 1.125 [ncrease over December, 1879 34 3 S 69 A.verage number resident during the year 37i 1,074 7°3

Admissions in 1880. Asylums. In the Asylums 1st January, 1880. Total Number of Patients Under Care. Admitted for First Time. Readmitted. Total. Auckland Napier Wellington kelson Hokitika 3unedin H. 156 13 83 34 57 146 206 F. 73 6 53 26 20 86 97 T. 229 '9 T 3 6 60 77 232 3°3 M. 5° I 27 5 7 44 5 1 F. 18 3 17 9 6 27 33 T. 68 4 44 14 '3 7i 84 M. 9 F. 8 T. 17 M. 59 1 36 8 ■J> 62 F. 26 3 25 12 6 33 44 T. 85 4 61 20 13 8 9 106 M. F. 2i5 99 14 9 119 78 42 38 64 26 202 119 268 141 T. 3H 23 197 80 90 321 409 9 3 8 3 I? 6 12 "6 18 11 11 22 Totals,., 695 361 1,056 185 "3 298 44 36 80 229 149 378 924 510 1,434

Patients Discharged and Died. Asylums. In Asylum on 31st December, 1880. Discharged Recovered. Discharged Not Recovered. I Diet!. I Total Discharged and Died. ~nd ... Napier ... Wellington ,., S Telson rlokitika Dhristchurch ,,. Dunedin H. F. 25 '5 O I 17 9 6 4 4 2 23 19 25 '7 100 67 T. 4O I 26 IO 6 42 42 167 M. 2 II F. 4 9 T. 6 20 M, 15 7 3 5 9 F. I I 3 o 7 8 T. 16 8 6 5 16 23 M. 42 o 35 9 >3 39 57 F. 2O I 19 7 4 26 37 T. 62 I 54 16 17 65 94 M. F. T. 173 79 25 2 14 8 22 84 59 '43 S3 3i 64 5 1 22 73 163 93 256 211 104 315 729 396 1,125 4 7 '7 2 o 12 6 7 29 Totals.., 4i 27 68 54 20 74 '95 114 3°9

Asylums. Average Number Resident during the Year. Percentage of Recoveries on Admissions during the Year. Percentage of Deaths on Average Number Resident during the Year. Percentage of Deaths on Number under Care. Percentage of Deaths on Admission. aickland fapier Wellington ... felson lokitika )hiistchurch .., lunedin M. F. T. 164 JO 234 13 6 19 84 56 140 34 3i 65 51 21 72 iS4 85 239 203 102 305 M. F. T. 4^37 S7"69 47'°5 47-22 36 42-62 75 33'33 5° 57-I4 33'33 46-15 4i'°7 57'57 47'i9 40-32 3863 39-62 4366 44-96 44-17 M. F. T. 9-14 I-42 6-83 8-33 1-78 571 8-82 9-67 9 9-80 o 6-94 5-84 8 6-69 7'33 7'84 7'3° M. F. T. 9-67 i'oi 5-09 5-88 1-28 4-06 TH 7'«9 7'5° 7'8i ° 5'55 4-40 5-88 4-98 5'59 5'67 5'62 M. F. T. 25-42 3-84 18 8 '9'44 4 >3"i 37'5° '25 3° 71-42 o 38-41 l6'O7 2I'2I 17-9 24-19 18-18 21 6i Totals,.. 7°3 37i i»°74 7-68 5-39 6-89 5'84 3'9 2 5-16 23-58 13-42 19-5

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Table III.—Ages of the Admissions.

Table IV.—Duration of Disorder.

Table V.—Ages of Patients Discharged.

Table V. — continued.

Ages. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. at. f. t. M. F. T. M, F. T. M. F. T. M. Fi T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Jnder 5 years '10 m 5 to 10 years » 10 ., 15 » » 15 » 20 » >. 2° » 3° » » 3° » 4° » »> 4° >. 5° » ,. 5° .. 60 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ Jnknown 202 I O I 1 6 7 12 3 :S 12 8 20 « 4 IS 8 1 9 3 1 4 1 o 1 O22 I I 2 O I I 2O2 15 II 26 IO I I 21 5 1 6 Oil O22 3 4 7 426 1 2 3 Oil I 2 3 3 4 7 202 I O I i 3 4 ii 8 19 28 13 41 11 6 17 3 1 4 112 2O2 4 5 9 19 20 39 13 8 21 16 5 21 6 5 11 2 1 3 2O2 426 8 16 24 61 50 in 71 47 118 46 18 64 17 8 25 8 4 12 1 o 1 202 9 4 13 2 1 3 8 3 11 59 26 85 202 1 o 1 011 Totals 1 3 4 36 25 61 8 12 20 7 6 13 56 33 89 62 44 106 229 149 378

Auckland* Napier. Wellington. Nelson, Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. first class iecond class ?hird class fourth class M. F. T. 38 19 57 H 3 17 3 1 4 4 3 7 M. F. T. 112 0 2 2 M. F. T. 21 IO 31 2 3 5 9 8 17 448 M. F. T. 2 3 5 369 3 3 6 M. F. T. 448 I 2 3 2O2 M. F. T. 40 l8 58 4 8 12 5 S 10 729 M. F. T. 41 24 65 4 4 8 12 IS 27 5 1 6 M. F. Tj 147 79 226 27 26 S3 33 34 67 22 10 32 Totals 59 26 85 1 3 4 36 25 61 8 12 20 7 6 13 56 33 89 62 44 106 229 149 378

Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson, Ages. Recovered. Not Recovered. Recovered. gJW^ hovered. J^ Recovered. Rec^red , M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. St. F. t. 'rom 5 to 10.,, „ 10 „ 15... „ is „ 20 .. „ 20 „ 30... » 3° » 4°■■ » 4° >i 5°--- „ 50 „ 60... „ 60 „ 70... „ 70 „ 80,.. „ 80 „ 90.. Jnknown O44 2 2 4 10 8 18 8 4 12 6 1 7 I O I I 2 3 O22 Oil I I 2 4 3 1 9 3 12 112 112 I O I » S 6 4 3 7 3°3 2 0 2 426 Oil Oil 2 0 2 1 o 1 112 1 o 1 Totals 26 19 45 448 17 9 26 6 4 10 o 1 1 II 9 20

Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin, Ages. Recovered. Rec^red . Recovered. Recovered. rJ^ Mi F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. I'. T, 'rom 5 to 16.., „ 10 „ 15... „ 15 „ 20... „ 20 „ 30 .. „ 3° » 4°.- „ 40 „ 56... s, 50 „ 60... „ 60 „ 70... „ 70 „ 80... „ 80 „ 90... Jnknown 3 2 $ I O I 112 112 Oil 426 IO 9 19 7 S 12 224 2 O 2 3°3 2O2 Oil 8 6 14 7 8 IS 6 1 7 3 1 4 1 o 1 1 o 1 2 1 3 3 4 7 3 3 6 426 4 1 S Oil 2O2 Totals 426 426 23 19 42 7 o 7 25 17 42 I? 12 29

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12

Table VI.—Ages of Patients who Died.

Table VII.—Condition as to Marriage.

Ages. Auckland. Napier, Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Chvistchurch. Dunedin. Total. m. F. t. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T, M. F. T. M. F. T. I O I M. F. T. 5 to io o „ 15 S » 20 :o „ 30 ;o „ 40 [O „ go |o „ 60 io „ 70 'O „ 80 !o „ 90 Jnknown ... I O I 404 7 1 8 2O2 3°3 I O I Oil I O I 112 2 I 3 Oil " ... 2 0 2 3°3 Oil 1 2 3 2 0 2 3 1 4 3°3 011 o 1 1 I I 2 404 2O2 3 3 6 2 3 5 112 I O I 112 I I 2 8 3 11 13 ° 13 19 6 25 S S 1° 426 112 202 I O I Oil 1 o 1 1 1 2 Totals ... IS 1 i& 7 1 8 3 3 6 s ° s 9 7 16 IS 8 23 54 20 74

Admissions. Discharges. Deaths. lUCKLAND Single Married Unknown Widowed M. F. T. 34 10 44 22 14 36 M. F. T. IS 12 27 13 II 24 M. 8 7 F. O I T. 8 8 3 2 S 2O2 Totals 59 26 85 3° 23 53 15 1 16 Upier— Single Married Widowed 1 o 1 °33 Oil Totals 1 3 4 Oil Wellington— Single Married Widowed 25 12 37 8 12 20 19 7 26 711 18 202 404 3 1 4 Totals 3 1 4 36 25 61 28 18 46 7 1 8 [elson — Single Married Widowed 6 6 12 i s 6 112 5 o 5 044 1 o 1 112 112 112 Totals 8 12 20 6 4 10 3 3 6 Iokitika— Single Married Widowed S 2 7 246 S 2 7 325 4 o 1 o 4 1 Totals 7 6 13 8 4 12 5 o 5 HRlSTCHtlRCH Single Married Widowed 37 " 48 18 21 39 112 18 3 21 11 16 27 1 o 1 6 3 2 3 1 1 9 5 2 Totals 56 33 89 30 19 49 9 7 16 )UNEi}IN —- Single Married Widowed 44 16 60 15 27 42 3 1 4 24 7 3i iS 22 37 3°3 12 3 o 2 3 3 14 6 3 Totals 62 44 106 42 29 7i iS 8 23 'otai.s— Single Married Widowed Unknown 152 57 209 66 86 152 11 6 17 86 si n7 49 67 "7 8 o 8 3S 6 4i 17 9 26 2 S 7 Totals 229 149 378 144 98 242 S4 20 74

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Table VIII.—Native Countries of Patients at 31st December, 1880.

Table IX.—Ages of Patients at 31st December, 1880.

Table X.—Length of Residence of Patients who Died during the Year 1880.

13

Totals. Countries. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. M. F. T. ! 5 4 140 394 43 76 219 99 120 319 3° 34 64 14 4 18 7 2 9 21 6 27 224 11 o 11 England Scotland Ireland New Zealand Australia France Germany Norway Sweden Denmark Italy China Maoris America South Sea Islands Tasmania Holland Turkey Other countries ... M. F. T. 72 33 i°5 28 9 37 39 25 64 16 7 23 3°3 3 ° 3 202 M. F. T. 6 2 8 2 0 2 4 3 7 112 M. F. T. 37 23 60 9 S 14 21 15 36 3 11 14 213 M. F. T. 10 5 15 5 2 7 11 9 20 3 12 15 1 o 1 022 M. F. T. 13 6 19 8 2 10 19 12 31 H. F. T. 64 48 112 20 II 31 S9 29 88 2 1 3 1 o 1 M. F. T. 52 23 75 71 47 Il8 46 27 73 5 2 7 5 1 6 1 o 1 426 202 5 ° 5 3°3 5 ° 5 3°3 1 o 1 224 Oil 426 Oil 505 3 o 3 6 1 7 011 I O I 9 3 12 909 404 6 s 11 404 1 o 1 224 20 2 1 o 1 202 Oil 202 224 1 o 1 I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I S S 1° I O I 202 I O I I O I 202 I O I 224 202 I O I 10 2 12 3 ° 3 6 "2 8 I O I I O I 29 3961,125 Totals 5 1 22 73 173 79 252 14 8 22 84 59 143 33 3i 64 ifi 3 93 256 211 104 315

Ages. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. H. F. T. M. F. T. M. P. T. M. F. T. I O I M. F. T. 1 to 5 years... 5 » IO „ 10 ,. IS » 15 » 20 .. 20 .) 3° » 3° .. 4° „ 4° » 5° » 5° » 6° .. 60 „ 70 „ 70 ,, 80 „ 112 2 I 3 o 5 e, 38 8 46 40 34 64 41 16 57 28 14 42 13 4 17 3 ' 4 2 3 5 641O 404 2 I 3 01 I 2 3 5 18 11 29 38 23 61 17 >3 3° 6 5 11 2 3 5 112 o 3 3 5 7 " 13 10 23 7 7 H 6 3 9 I O I 3 1 4 2i 13 34 18 4 22 606 1 2 3 0 1 I 112 246 22 12 34 46 27 73 65 31 96 22 14 36 4 3 7 I O I I O I 112 7 3 10 30 18 48 53 39 92 77 31 108 3' 9 4° 8 3 11 202 1 O I 2 2 4 6 5 11 11 18 29 118 60 178 217 M° 357 229 102 331 101 46 147 28 15 43 7 1 8 1 o 1 8 7 15 729 396 1125 t O I 80 „ 90 „ Unknown 1 o 1 7 5 12 1 2 3 Totals 173 79 252 14 8 22 84 59 M3 33 31 64 5 1 22 73 '63 93 256 211 104 315

Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. M. F. T. 3 ° 3 202 3°3 H. F, T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F- T. M. F, T. M. F. T. 7 3 i° 9 5 U 7 i 8 3 i 4 1 o i 426 729 7 3 10 3°3 213 2 1 3 1 o 1 I O I Jnder 1 month 1 to 3 months 3 .. 6 .. 6 „ 9 » 9 » >2 .. 1 „ 2 years 2 1, 3 ., 3 » S » S » 7 M 7 » 10 » 0 „ 12 „ 2 „ 15 „ 3ver 15 „ While on trial... 2 I 3 2O2 I O I 112 Oil I O I 0 2 2 1 2 3 I O I 2 1 3 3 1 4 1 o 1 2 1 3 1 o 1 202 I O I I O I Oil I O I 1 O I 2 0 2 oil 3 1 4 224 202 3 i 4 112 I O I 2O2 I 0 I I 0 I 112 011 I O I I O I I O I Oil Oil Totals 15 I 16 7 1 8 3 3 6 5 ° S 9 7 >6 15 8 23 54 20 74

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14

Table XI.—Length of Residence of Patients Discharged Recovered.

Table XII.—Causes of Death.

.ength of Residence. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. Total. Jnder 1 month rrom 1 to 3 mos. )j 3 )> jj » 6 :> 9 ). .; 9 .. 12 » „ 1 ,, 2 yrs. j) 2 jj 3 )> it o :> 5 » » 5 >> 7 j) .. 7 .. 1° » „ 10 ,,12 „ .. 12 ,,iS .. Iver 15 „ M. F. T. 4 3 7 9 1 10 3 4 7 5 2 7 3 4 7 2 5 7 M. F. T. Oil M. F. T. 4 1 5 4 3 7 4 1 5 1 o 1 3 1 4 1 3 4 M. F. T. 3°3 2 2 4 Oil Oil M. F. T. 112 2 I 3 M. F. T. 6.?9 7 3 10 6 10 16 2 3 5 M. F. T. 8 2 10 5 6 n 6 7 13 404 1 2 3 M. F. T. 23 10 33 3° '5 45 21 24 45 12 6 18 5 7 12 6 6 12 3 3 6 I O I 1 o 1 I O I 1 o 1 1 o 1 1 o 1 Totals 6 4 10 426 26 19 45 o I I 17 9 26 23 19 42 25 17 42 101 71 172

Total. Causes. Auckland. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Napier. Dunedin, M. F. T. 6 1 7 5 1 6 9 4 13 4 1 5 Cerebral or Spinal Diseases— Apoplexy and paralysis Epilepsy and convulsions General paralysis Maniacal melancholia, exhaustion, or decay Inflammation and otherdiseases of the brain, softening, &c. M P, T. 2O2 3O3 I O I M. F. T. I O I 1 O I 2 0 2 M. F. T. M. F. T. 2 0 2 M. F. T. I O I t I 2 11. F. T. M. F. T. Oil 4 i 5 3 i 4 2 O 2 O 2 2 Oil I O I 729 2O2 I O I I O I I 2 3 2 0 2 3 2 i Thoracic Diseases— Inflammation of the lungs, pleurae, and bronchi Pulmonary consumption Disease of the heart ... 112 I O I I 0 I Oil 6 1 7 2 1 3 I O I I O I 2 I 3 112 3°3 202 4 1 S 1 o 1 1 o 1 I O I Abdominal Diseases— Inflammation and ulceration of the stomach, intestines, or peritoneum Dysentery and diarrhcea Kidney disease Pyaemia Gastric fever... Gangrene of foot General debility and old age Stricture of oesophagus Dropsy Ruptured intestine Suffocation by piece of meat in windpipe Syphilis 2O2 I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I I I 2 I O I I O I I O I I O I Oil 112 2 1 3 Oil Oil I O I Oil I O I I O I I 0 I I O I I O I 7 17 64 Totals [5 i 16 1 i 8 3 3 6 9 7 16 18 ° S 23

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Table XIII.—Causes of Insanity in the Admissions.

Total. Causes. Auckland. Napier. Wellington. Nelson. Hokitika. Christchurch. Dunedin. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 4 3 7 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 10 13 23 Hereditary predisposition ., 1 3 4 I 0 I 3 1 4 I 2 3 044 2 0 2 ,, and sexual excesses 1 o 1 I 0 I O I I „ and love-disap-pointment Oil 5° 9 59 Intemperance ... 606 606 I O I 224 16 3 19 19 4 23 3 « 4 „ and hereditary predisposition 3 1 4 3 3 6 „ and sexual exOil 325 cesses 6 3 9 Emigration and congenital weakness 6 3 9 5 1 6 Excitement and congenital weakness Self-abuse I O I 4 1 5 808 808 202 Solitude 202 4 7 11 Domestic troubles 1 4 5 112 Oil 2 1 3 3 9 12 Mental distress ... 1 6 7 I 0 I O22 112 4 1 5 Religious excitement 2 1 3 I O I I O I 011 Love-disappointment 011 022 Overwork 022 011 Fright 011 2 1 3 Privation 112 I O I 202 Pecuniary losses 1 o 1 I O I 202 Want of employment 202 I O I Sedentary occupation I O I 7 1 8 Injury to head .. 202 303 Oil 202 426 Senile decay ... ... 202 I O I Oil 112 022 ,, and emigration 02 2 606 Sunstroke ... ... I O I 5 o 5 202 Syphilis 202 1 o 1 Abscess in head, and drink I O I I O I Abscess in ear .. I 0 I 112 Scrofula and exposure 112 2 2 4 Anaemia and hereditary predisposition 224 3 7 10 Epilepsy 044 1 2 3 I O I I O I OI I 033 Hysteria 0 2 2 Oil 044 Amenorrhcea ... 044 o 24 24 Puerperal condition ... O I I o 7 7 Oil 033 O 12 12 ° 5 5 Uterine disease o S 5 1 o 1 Phthisis 1 o 1 Oil Over-lactation and hereditary predisposition o 1 1 12 4 16 Congenital (idiocy and imbecility) 3 1 4 101 3°3 i 3 8 82 40 122 Unknown 41 II 52 59 26 85 Oil 5 2 7 3 6 25 61 1 8 9 8 12 20 022 3S 16 49 S 6 33 89 2 o 2 129 149 378 Totals. 1 3 4 7 6 13 I 62 44 I06 <4!

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16

Table XIV.—Occupations.

Totals. Former Occupations. Auckland. Napier. Wellington Nelson, Hokitika. Christ- Dunedin, church. M. F. T. 3°3 I O I 303 202 Males. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. I O M. F. I O I 5 ° 5 1 o 1 I O I I O I 202 202 7 ° 1 404 5 ° 5 1 o 1 3°3 202 I O I I O I 15 o 'S I O I 202 202 I O I I O I I O I I O I I O I 93 ° 93 1 o 1 [ O I I O I I O I II O II I O I I O I 303 I O I Bakers Barbers Blacksmiths Boatmen Bookkeepers Boot- and shoemakers Brewers Bricklayers Builders Bushmen Butchers Carpenters Carters Clerks Constables Cooks Dealers and hawkers Drapers Engineers Farmers Fellmongers Gardeners Gentlemen Grocers Gumdiggers Ironfounders Ironmongers Journalists Labourers Law-students Linemen Messengers Millwrights Miners .., Painters Ploughmen Publicans Rabitters Saddlers Sailors Sailmakers Schoolmasters Sea cooks and stewards Settlers Shepherds Stonemasons Storekeepers Surgeons Tailors Vagrants Warehousemen Watchmakers ,.. Wheelwrights No occupation I O I O I O I O 2 O I 0 1 O 2 O 9 ° I O I O I O I O I O 3 ° 2 O I O I O I O 19 o I O I O I O I O I O I O I O 2 O I O I O I O I O 3 o I O 1 O 2 O 2 O I O I O I O 4 o 2 o 2 O 2 O I O I O I O 18 o I O 28 0 27 o I O I O I O 1 O 2 O 2 O 6 '"o I O I O 2 O I O I O I O 202 606 I O I 202 2 O 2 O I O 3 ° I O I O I O I O I 202 303 I O I 202 I O I O 2 O I O I O 1 o I O I O I O I 0 I 404 303 I O I I O I I O I IO 10 20 3 ° 3 ° 1 o I O I O I O 4 3 O 2 4 2 2 3 022 033 Oil o 3& 38 o 25 25 o 17 17 033 Oil Oil ° 43 43 033 3 2 5 Females. o 2 Barmaids Dressmakers Governesses > Household duties ... Housekeepers Infants Nurses Servants Washerwomen Unknown ) O 2 o "8 o 8 o 3 O I O I O I o 17 o 26 O I O 12 O I O I o 4 O 2 o S O 2 O II o "6 O I o 8 O II O 2 o 1 3 2 !29 I49 378 Totals ... 62 44 59 26 1 3 36 25 8 12 7 6 56 32

17

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Table XVI.—Average Cost of Maintenance of each Patient per Annum.

Table XV.— Expenditure for the Year 1880.

3—H. 13.

Total. Items. Auckland. Christchurch. Duncdin, Hokitika. Napier. Kelson, I New Plymouth. Wellington. Total. , £ s. d. 766 13 4 239 11 8 780 10 6 77 11 8 45S IO 4 1,009 J8 4 55° o ° 1,300 18 o 394 S ° 487 o o 8,221 4 11 11,382 18 2 2,004 4 10 3,185 17 2 ■75 2 4 173 18 9 66 17 o 3,977 12 S £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ * d. 766 13 4 239 11 8 780 10 6 77 11 8 4SS i° 4 1,009 18 4 55° ° o 1,300 18 o 394 5 o 487 o o 8,221 '411 11,382 18 2 2,004 4 10 3»i85 17 2 175 2 4 173 18 9 66 17 o 3.977 12 5 j Record Clerk and Accountant * -{ Medical fees j Local Inspectors ... (^General contingencies Visiting Medical Officers Medical Superintendents Superintendents Clerks Matrons Attendants and servants Rations Fuel and light Bedding and clothing Surgery and dispensary Wines, spirits, ale, and porter Furniture Necessaries, incidental and miscellaneous 35 8 4 383 6 8 74 13 4 69 17 6 1,722 17 7 2,768 10 8 403 14 2 869 4 7 29 14 9 26 6 4 66 17 o 7i3 9 9 7,164 o 8 625 3 6 6,538 17 2 3s"& 4 IQ7 TO O i66 i3 4 335 8 4 95 16 8 2,133 13 11 2,5°i 1B 3 568 11 5 773 18 2 69 17 7 15 11 0 ... 262 o o ... 350 o o 87 10 o 87 10 o 1,903 17 10 2,430 7 6 3i7 " 5 610 6 5 23 o 7 74 13 11 6 15 o ... "9 3 4 263 10 10 71 17 6 667 1 8 850 18 10 51 11 6 234 13 7 10 15 6 3 4 6 47 18 4 239 11 8 274 iS S 7i 3 8 6S 17 S 3 7 8 191 13 4 j ... 143 is ° 66"i 8 392 9 3 78i 3 S 185 13 2 241 17 6 10 1 6 13 7 o ... ■ ■ ... ... ... 16 10 6 ■9 1 13 4 191 13 4 88 6 8 95 16 8 1,161 13 o 1.78S 7 1 405 19 6 389 19 6 28 4 9 40 16 o ... ... 6S4 7 8 ... 1,322 15 6 7.469 13 2 1,644 2 5 5,825 10 9 353 18 10 2,633 11 1 244 19 7 2,388 11 5 2 3 '"6 6 726 o 8 66 18 1 3S4 16 11 2,380 18 9 128 14 3 S54 17 3 35.259 14 5 4,218 2 5 Totals... 7,692 6 8 1,011 1 3 6,68 1 5 5 16 10 6 32 2 8 4,934 7 1 465 o 8 4,469 6 5 35.259 14 S 4,218 2 5 Repayments 31,041 12" O Actual expenditure 659 2 7 2,252 4 6 31,041 12 o * General expenses not included in Table XVI.

Asylums. Provisions. Salaries. Bedding and Clothing. „ Necessaries, j t ■ t"-"-gerv Wines Spirits Incidental Fuel and Light. and J r and Dispensary. Miscellaneous. Total Cost per Patient. Repayment for Maintenance. Cost per Head, Cost per Head less previous Repayments. \ Year. Decrease in 1880. Increase in 1880. Auckland ... Chris tchurch Dunedin Hokitika Napier Nelson Wellington... £ s. d. ii 16 7i 10 9 4 7 '9 4i 11 16 4i 14 9 2I 12 o 4i 12 is oj 9 12 4i 12 17 ii 8 16 5 4 15 11 6f 15 2 7i 12 4 3i 12 7 oi £ s. d. 3 14 3i 3 4 9 200 3 S 2i 3 9 4 3 14 S 2 15 8i £ s. d. 1 14 6 2 7 6| 1 o 9f o 14 3* 3 H 11 2 17 ii 2 17 nf £ s. d. o 2 6J o 5 10 016 o 2 i if o 3 6i o 3 1 o 4 oi £ s. d. O 2 2f o ' 3 o 4 iof o o 1 of £ s. d. 3 l °i 2 15 2 4 6 8| 4 18 3 | 1 4 6| 5 9 2 3 19 3 £ s. d. 3° 9 3i 32 o 8f 24 9 9f 36 9 7i 38 4 2j 36 15 7i 35 4 i°i £ s. d. 2 13 S 4 4 7i 5 7 9* 3 8 oi 3 10 5 1 19 7 3 6 5 3 17 "i £ s. d. 27 15 10 27 16 ii 19 2 oj 33 1 7i 34 13 9i 34 '6 oi 31 18 5i 26 15 if £ s. d. 26 8 iof 27 11 6i 27 12 6J 40 s 8 31 19 °i 34 " ii 29 10 6f £ s. d. 8 10 6J 7 4 °i £ s. d. 1 6 ni o 4 7i 1 2 gi 2 17 °i o 4 ii o 5 gi 2 12 8 Averages 3° 13 1 2 :S S

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18

Table XVII. —Amounts Paid to Credit.

Table XVIII. —Expenditure on Asylum Buildings during the Financial Year ended 31st March, and Liabilities for the same.

Table XIX.—Contracts for Asylum Buildings.

Table XX. —Total Expenditure at each Asylum from 1st July, 1877, to 31st March, 1881.

—— _ . / REPORT ON AUCKLAND LUNATIC-ASYLUM FARM. Sir, — Auckland, 15th February, 1881. I have the honor to forward you the accompanying balance-sheet of the asylum farm for the year 1880. At the beginning of the year, when the farm was taken over, only five cows were purchased. These were found totally inadequate, either to supply the asylum with milk or consume the amount of feed on the farm, to utilize which graziers were taken on, but did not pay nearly so well as milk-cows would have done. During the month of October ten more cows were got, and "from that time all the male department has been supplied with milk, and a sufficient quantity produced to supply also the females ; but, as the latter were in Auckland, it was found more profitable to make butter with this than send it so far. The produce, therefore, of the stock shown in the balance-sheet is not by any means an indication of what fifteen cows will produce in a year ; neither does the amount of potatoes credited represent the produce of over £41 worth of seed, and £36 worth of bone-manure, because no account has been taken of crops still growing.

Asylums. Maintenance. Produce or Articles Sold. Bread supplied to Gaol. Bread supplied to Hospital. Total. £ s. d. 552 '9 8 975 19 3 1.597 18 5 209 4 7 66 18 1 125 10 9 32 2 8 462 10 6 £ s. d. 102 3 10 35 2 ° 46 4 o 35 15 ° £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s". d. 625 3 6 1,011 1 3 2,354 5 9 244 19 7 66 18 1 128 14 3 32 2 8 465 o 8 Liickland Ihristchurch )unedin Jokitika lapier Telson few Plymouth ... Vellington 546 4 10 163 18 6 3 3 6 2 10 2 Totals... 224 18 6 546 4 10 163 18 6 4,928 5 9 3,993 3 11

Asyhims. Expended to 31st March, 1881. Liabilities, 31st March, 1881. Luckland Vellington :hristchurch lunedin (Blueskin Reserve) fapier lokitika felson ... £ s. d. 8,144 11 8 6,517 10 11 18,590 3 4 6,185 S 8 87 o o 44 "7 ir 34 16 o £ s. d. 4>5.37 I2 6 463 17 2 4,488 2 i 15,421 17 1 Totals 39,604 5 6 24,911 8 10

Buildings. Tender Accepted. Date fixed for Completion. Contract Price. Extras. Luckland ,, (laundry and boiler-house ieacliff Feb. 5, 1880 Nov. 5, 1878 March 7, 1881 Oct. 10, 1879 March 31, 1881 May 21, 1880 Sept. 7, 1881 April 10, 1882 £ s. d. 19,227 12 i 16,933 o o 2,313 10 o 69,97 [ 19 9 £ s. d. 2,017 11 ° 500 o o

Asylums. 1877-58. 1858-79. 1859-80. 1880-81. Total. .uckland ... fellington 'hristchurch ... Junedin fapier lokitika lelsdn £ s. d. 4,183 1 4 90 o o 205 7 3 £ s. d. S.^ 0 IS 7 3.797 15 " 1,239 " 6 2,690 10 2 £ s. d. ii,559 7 6 1.453 17 IO 7,255 17 3 6,447 i° Io £ s. d. 8,144 11 8 6,517 10 11 18,590 3 4 6,185 5 8 87 o o 44 17 11 34 16 o £ s. d. 29,037 16 1 11,859 4 8 27,290 19 4 15.323 6 8 87 o o 1,042 18 10 34 16 o 275 19 o 722 1 11 Totals... 4,478 8 7 I3.IS4 12 2 27.438 15 4 39,604 5 6 84,676 I 7

19

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All the articles supplied to the asylum are estimated at the contract price of the same articles during the year, except vegetables, for which there was no contract. In regard to these, it was ascertained that the price for supplying the district hospital was lfd. per lb. for mixed vegetables, but to be on the safe side it was thought better to estimate them only at l|d. A list of the actual quantity supplied is appended, from which it will be seen that fruit, such as plums, peaches, &c, are all included under this head, and that, therefore, no overcharging has been indulged in. Taking these facts into consideration, I think the balance-sheet is most satisfactory; but, beyond monetary considerations, the farm has done a great amount of good as a recreation-ground for the patients, and as a means of finding employment for many who, before its acquisition, were idle. The farm, as a whole, has given indications that the price paid for it has not been excessive. A considerable portion consists of volcanic soil, filled with scoria boulders. Until these are removed, it will be impossible to go very extensively into cultivation. The clearing is being carried on as quickly and as constantly as possible: four acres were so cleared during; the past year, which are now in crop. A commencement has also been made to fence and clear another portion, which will, no doubt, add to this year's returns. The bailiff continues to give every satisfaction, but feels himself greatly cramped by the regulations, which forbid his either buying or selling any stock without authority from Wellington. The delay consequent on this often prevents him from making advantageous bargains. If possible, authority should be obtained for him to buy and sell as he thinks fit, within certain limits. I have, &c, Alex. Toting, M.D., Dr. Skae. Medical Superintendent.

Pabm and Gabden Pboduce supplied to Institution. Lb. Lb. Lb. Onions ... ... ... 1,931 Celery ... ... ... 300J Grapes ... ... ... 45 Turnips ... ... ... 2,925 Parsley ... ... ... 430 Strawberries ... ... 16 Pumpkins ... ... 12,109 Rhubarb ... ... .. 65 Melons ... ... ... 405 Cabbage ... ... ... 10,832 Beans ... ... ... 1,082 Figs ... ... ... 4 Vegetable-marrows... ... 3,010 Peas ... ... ... 346 Sea-kale ... ... ... 4 Cauliflowers ... ... 590 Peaches ... ... ... 2,270 Kumaras.. ... 140 Tomatoes ... ... 132 Mint ... ... ... 2oi Gooseberries ... ... 5 Lettuces ... ... ... 31 Cucumbers ... .. 534 ■ Carrots .. ... ... 816 Plums ... ... ... 217 38,315 Thyme ... ... ... 55 £ s. d. 38,315 lb., at i|d. per lb. ... ... ... ... ... 239 9 4 7 tons 6 cwt. 3 qr. 4 lb. potatoes, at contract rate, Jd. per lb. ... ... 34 5 5 £273 14 9

Balance-sheet of Fabm and Gtakden Account from the Ist January to the 31st December, 1880. Dr. £ s. d. Cr. £ s. d. To Value of stock on hand, ist January, 1880, — By Value of stock on hand, 31st December, 1880, —■ 20 pigs ... ... ... ... 30 o o 15 cows ... ... ... ... 135 o o 9 poultry ... ... ... ... 015 o 5 calves .. .. .. ... 14 10 o Cash paid for— 1 horse .. ... .. ... 15 o o Implements ... ... ... ... 39 12 o 20 pigs ... ... ... ... 33 o o 15 cows ... ... ... ... 135 00 20 tons of hay, made up and stacked ... 60 o o 2 horses ... ... ... ... 43 o o Implements ... ... .. ... 39 12 o Dairy utensils ... .. ... 8 6 6 Dairy utensils ... ... .. ... 8 6 6 Stable utensils ... ... ... o 16 6 Stable utensils ... ... ... o 16 6 Harness ... ... ... ... 12 o o Harness ... ... ... ... 12 o o Household articles for farm-cottage ... 6 15 o Household articles ... ... ... 6 15 6 Repairs and sundries ... .. ... 16195 Cash received for— Seeds ... ... ... ... 613 7 Pigs sold ... ... ... ... 61 10 1 Forage .. ... ... ... 20 10 3 Garden-produce sold ... ... ... 7 S 6 Timber for new piggery, fencing, gates, &c. 31 2 6 Grazing horses ... ... ... 17 6 9 Seed-potatoes ... ... ... 41 5 o Horse sold ... ... ... ... 35 o o Bonedust ... ... ... ... 36 o o Cow exchanged ... ... ... 100 Lime ... ... ... ... 080 Value of produce supplied to Asylum,— Plants (cabbage) ... ... ... 019 o 6,946 quarts 1^ pints milk, at 4d. per quart 115 15 6 Horse-shoeing ... ... ... 211 6 Vegetables, fruit, &c, per daily memo. .. 239 9 4 Veterinary, attending sick cow ... ... 1 1 o Potatoes, 7 tons 6 cwt. 3 qr. 4 lb., at -Jd. Hire of mowing-machine ... .. 217 o per lb. ... ... ... ... 34 5 5 Hire, carting hay ... ... ... 015 o Pork, 260 lb., at sd. .. ... ... 584 Salaries, Manager and assistant... ... 153 6 8 Butter, fresh, 162 lb. 9 oz., at is. 2d. ... 998 Butter, salt, 37^ lb., a-t nd. ... ... 1 14 4 59° '4 5 Balance to credit ... ... 262 11 o £Bss 5 5 £853 s 5

By Authority : Geoeqb Didsbuey, Government Printer, Wellington.—lBBl.