KELSO SHOW

Southland Times, Issue 19393, 6 November 1924, Page 6

KELSO SHOW

STRONG SHEEP CLASSES SPLENDID NATURAL ROMNEYSj (Our Special Reporter). The annual show of the Kelso A. & P. Society was held yesterday in dull weather. The attendance was a little short of last year, the gate receipts being £77 14/- as against £B4 last year. There were big entries in the guessing competition for which Mr A. Thomson lent two wethers. The correct weight was 3922-lbs. and Messrs A. Walker (Outram), Alex. Steel (Dunedin) and James Sim (Crookston) with 392 lbs., were the winners. The Society benefited to the extent of £l2 15/- by the competition. The outstanding feature was the sheep section and extra accommodation had to be provided for the entries. The sheep were shown in excellent condition and would not have been outclassed, even in the hottest competition at a metropolitan show. No time was wasted over the judging, and the various officials got through their work in an efficient manner and the Grand Parade started right on time. CATTLE. The Shorthorns were judged by Mr David Murray (Clydevale), but competition was not keen. The aged bulls were useful animals, but the cow and heifer section was not so good. In commenting upon the Ayrshires, Mr John Hellyer (North East Harbour) said that Mr G. Herron’s bull was of outstanding, quality, and should be heard of at bigger shows. He was in good condition and well brought out. The females had hardly reached their best yet, but would improve later in the season. The same judge officiated in the Jersey section and he said that the champion bull showed promise of being a good dairy animal. He was fine in the shoulder, -with a well sprung rib, also possessing length and depth, qualifications necessary for a dairy animal. The champion cow was a good animal, but a little lacking in her front udder quarters. The yearling heifer promised to fill out along the right lines and should be heard of again. In the crossbred classes competition was keen and Mr M. R. Lawlor (Gore) judged. He said the winning cow, any age, was a good animal carrying a nice vessel. The two-year-old heifers should develop into good dairy cows, while the yearlings were well grown, showing many good milking qualities. The group of purebreds was a good class and fit for any show ring. Mr Lawlor also judged the fat cattle, where the classes were well filled. The stock was well finished and some excellent beef animals were shown. SHEEP. The Border Leicester section was chiefly confined to one exhibitor, and judged by Messrs S. W. Ayson (Waikaka) and R. Anderson (Kauana). The sheep shown all possessed sound fleeces, backed with good constitutions, and they were shown in good order. The male classes of Romneys were judged by Mr R. Anderson, jun., (Kauana) who said the champion ram was a good animal with plenty of character, and good staple and crimp in the wool. He had a fine carriage and head and an exceptionally good carcase. The reserve champion was a younger sheep and a good even stapled animal with good lock in the wool. He was rather more open in the wool than the champion. His carriage and head were good and he handled well. In the pair of ram hoggets Messrs R. Yardley & Son’s winning pair were well jnatched with good heads and carriage. They were very fine lengthy sheep and good walkers. There were great entries throughout and the exhibits displayed quality right through. The display was a credit to the district. Mr S. W. Ayson (Waikaka) judged the female classes of Romneys and said the champion ewe had a model carriage, beautifully covered with a dense fleece of wool. She had exceptionally good bone for a ewe and was well set on her legs with well sprung ribs. She had all the characteristics of the Romney breed and plenty of character in the wool. The reserve champion ewe was hardly the size of the 1 champion. She was, however, a very well clothed sheep, but not quite so even as the champion. She had a very nice head, well covered on top and well sprung in the rib, with good bone. The Romney ewes were exceptionally good all through, the majority of the exhibits having beautiful lustre and character in the wool, and were almost without exception, worthy of a prize of some sort. The judge considered them the best exhibit he had seen at any show. The ewe hoggets were an exceptionally fine lot and the judge had great difficulty in placing the winners of the different classes. The crossbred sheep were judged by Mr W. J. Johnston (Gore), who said they were numerous and strong classes. Most of the exhibits were well woolled, a few just showing a little sign of roughness or kemp about the skirts. The judge recommended all breeders to look out and get the right class of Romney wool. 'Farmers should cull more in order to keep up and improve the standard of wool. He considered that the society should define a standard of what really constitutes half-breds. In making this remark the judge quite realised the good name of the district and the stock it raises. In Corriedale classes, Mr Johnston said they were all very fine exhibits but a little low in condition. Good competition prevailed in fat sheep and the judge, Mr John Murray .(Mosgiel) remarked that some exceptionally well grown and well woolled sheep were exhibited in fine condition. Some first-class lambs were shown, all being well grown and of good quality. HORSES. The draught horse section contained some useful animals, the district being noted for the quality of its horse flesh. The male championship went to Rosen Craig, shown by Messrs Coubrough & Hamilon. Rosen Craig is a fine upstanding, massive horse, standing square on a good set of legs. One of his gets, a yearling filly, won in her class, proving that he breeds along right lines. The reserve ribbon went to Messrs Fleming Bros.’ colt by Finest Blend out of Rita. The female championship went to Messrs Fleming Bros., with a mare by Boquhar Kennedy—Baron’s Pride mare. The same breeders secured the reserve championship also with a three-year-old filly by Finest Blend. The working draught section was a good one and some useful individual horses and teams were paraded for the judge, Mr Alex. Dollar (Ashburton) who was pleased with the horses brought into the ring for examination. The light horse section was a disappointing display and did not compare with the previous show, either in numbers or in quality. This section, which was one of the strongest in the show a few years ago, has lost its strength, and only a few exhibitors care to take the trouble to put good hacks and harness horses in the ring. PRIZE LIST: CATTLE. Shorthorn (Judge Mr D. Murray, Balclutha).—Bull, 3 years and over. Three entries —N. Moore 1; Fleming Bros. 1, W. Kirk 2, J. Jenkins and Son 3; Bull, 2 years. One entry—-Jas. Jenkins and Son. Cow, any age, in calf or in milk. One entry—Jas. Jenkins and Son. Heifer, 1 year. One entry—W. Kirk. Champion bull—Fleming Bros. Champion cow—Jas. Jenkins and Son. Ayrshire (Julge Mr J. Hellyer).—Bull, 3 years and over. One entry—Geo. Herron (Pukerau). Bull, 2 years. One entry— Geo. Herron. Bull, 1 year. Three entries Geo. Herron 1 and 2, G. Smith 3. Cow, any age, in calf or in milk. Two entries —Geo. Herron 1 and 2. Heifer, 2 years. Two entries —Geo. Herron 1 and 2. Heifer, 1 year. Two entries—Geo. Herron 1 and 2. Champion bull —Geo. Herron. Champion cow—Geo. Herron,

i Jersey.—Bull, 3 years and over. N. Moore ’ .1, Pickerell and Lawson 2. Bull. 1 year. [Three entries—A. W. Sim and G. Pullar j 11, Pickterell and Lawson 2, Jas. Edwards 3. I Cow, any age, jn calf or in milk. Four I I entries—Pickerill and Lawson 1,2, and 3. i ! Heifer, 2 years. Two entries—Pickerell i and Lawson 1 and 2. Heifer, 1 year. Two J entries—N. Moore 1, Jas. Edwards 2. Champion bull—N. Moore. Champion cow —Pickerell and Lawson. Friesian.—Bull, 3 years and over. One entry—G. Smith. Champion bull—G. Smith. Crossbred Dairy Cattle (Judge Mr M. Lawlor, Gore).—Cow, any age, in calf or in ' milk. Six entries—A. McKinnon 1, Jas. ■ Pullar 2 and 3. Heifer, 2 years. Three • entries—H. King 1, Jas Jenkins and Son 1 2 and 3. Heifer, 1 year. Five entries— i Jas. Pullar 1 and 2, G. Smith 3. Pair dairy j cows. Four entries—Pickerill and Lawson ■ 1 and 3, Jas Pullar 2. Best dairy cow. I Seven entries —Jas. Pullar 1 and 3. A. Me- | Kinnon 2. Best group of 4 purebreds. Two entries—G. Herron 1, Pickerill and Lawson 2. Most points in dairy cattle— j Jas. Pullar. Fat Cattle. —Pair of steers or heifers. I Four entries—Smaill Bros. 1 and 2, W. A. , Baxter 3. Fat steer, any age. -Five entries - —W. A. Baxter 1 and 2, Smaill Bros'3. Fat : steer, 2 years old. Three entries—W. A. ’ Baxter 1 and 2, Jas. Jenkins and < Son 3. Fat steer, 1 year old. One entry— i Jas. Jenkins and Son. Best hand-fed calf, j Two entries —Les Harris 1, Maurice Crump i 2. i SHEEP. Border Leicester (Judges, Messrs S. W. i Ayson (Waikaka) and Robert Anderson, junr. (Kauana). —Ram, any age. One en- ; try—Jas. Edwards. Ram, 1 shear, One en- i try—Jas. Edwards. One ram hoggett. Two entries—Jas. Edwards 1 and 2. Two ram : hoggets. Two entries—Jas Edwardb 1 i and. 2. One ewe hogget. Three entries— Jas. Edwards 1 and 2, Mrs Adam Nicol 3. Two ewe hoggets. Two entries —Jas. Edwards 1 and 2. One ewe and lamb. Two entries—Jas Edwards 1 and 2. Romney Marsh (For unclothed and unhoused sheep).—Ram, any age. Nine entries—W. A. Baxter 1 and 3, R. F. Kirk 2. ’ Ram, one shear. Seven entries—W. A. ' Baxter 1 and 3, D. Robertson 2. One ram ■ hogget. Seventeen entries—R. Yardley ■ and Son 1, W. A. Baxter 2, R. F. Kirk 3 • Two ram hoggets. Nine entries —Jas. A. j Johnston 1, R. F. Kirk 2, W. A, Baxter 3. ! Two ram hoggets (bred by exhibitor) Six I entries—R. Yardley and Son 1, Jas A. j Johnston 2, R. H. Gardyne 3. Two ewe ; hoggets. Ten entries—W. A. Baxter 1 : and h.c., R. Yardley and Son 2, R. F. Kirk | 3. One ewe hogget. Seventeen entries— ' R. Yardley and Son 1 and 2, W. A. Baxter i 3, R. F. Kirk h.c. One ewe hogget (shorn). ! Seven entries—R. F. Kirk 1 and 2, W. A. i Baxter 3, R. H. Gardyne h.c. One ram hogget (shorn). Nine entries —R. F. Kirk ; 1, D. Robertson 2, Jas. Pullar 3. Two ewes • and lambs. Ten entries—D. Robertson 1, . W. A. Baxter 2 and 3, D. McKenzie h.c. ! One ewe and lamb. Sixteen entries—W. A. Baxter 1 and h.c., Jas. A. Johnston 2, D. Robertson 3.

Romney Marsh (For clothed or housed sheep).—Ram, any age. Five entries—R. F. Kirk 1, D. Robertson 2, Jas. A. Johnston 3. Ram, one shear. Five entries—D. Robertson ’ 1, Jas. A. Johnston 2, R. F. Kirk 3. One ram hogget. Eight entries — Jas. A. Johnston 1 and 2, D. Robertson 3. Two ram hoggets. Six entries—Jas A. Johnston 1, R. F. Kirk 2, W. A. Baxter 3. Two ewe hoggets. Seven entries—R. F. Kirk 1 and h.c., W. A. Baxter 2 and 3. One ewe hogget. Seven entries—Jas A. Johnston 1, W. A. Baxter 2 and h.c., R. F. Kirk 3. Two ewes and lambs. Six entries—D. Robertson 1 and 2, Jas. A. Johnston 3, W. A. Baxter h.c. One ewe and lamb. Eight entries—Jas A. Johnston 1 and 2, D. Robertson 3. Champion rani (Rodney)—R. F. Kirk. Champion ewe (Romney)—Jas. A. Johnston. Reserve champion ram (Romney)—D. Robertson. Reserve champion ewe (Romney)—D. Robertson. Crossbred (Judge, Mr W. J. Johnston Gore). —Two wether hoggets (strong wool). Six entries—W. A. Baxter 1, Jas Jenkins and Son 2, ’ McGillivray Bros 3. One wether hogget (strong wool). Thirteen entries —Jas Jenkins and Son 1, McGillvray Bros. 2, W. A. Edwards 3. Two ewe hoggets (strong wool). Twenty-two entries— Jas. Jenkins and Son 1, McGillvray Bros. 2, W. A. Baxter 3. One ewe hogget (strong wool). Twenty-four entries—Jas Jenkins and Son 1, McGillvray Bros. 2 and 3. One wether hogget (fine wool). Nine entries— J. C. Herron 1, Mrs Morrison 2, W. A. Baxter 3. To wether hoggets (fine wool). Six entries —J. C. Herron 1, J. E. White 2, M. McAuley 3. One ewe hogget (fine wool). Twenty-one entries —Lory and Finlayson 1 and 3, H. Smith 2. Two ewe hoggets (fine wool). —Fifteen entries— Adam Nicol 1, Lory and Findlayson 2 and 3. One ewe with lamb at foot (fine wool). Seven entries—J. E. White 1 and 2, Alex Robertson 3. One ewe with lamb at foot (strong wool). Eight entries—H. Smith 1, McGillvray Bros. 2, W. Kirk 3. Best ewe hogget (strong wool). Nine entries— Jas Jenkins and Son 1. Best wether hogget (strong wool). Seven entries —Jhis Jenkins and Son 1. Halfbred.—One ewe hogget. Two entries—Jas Sim 1 and 2. One wether hogget. Two entries —Jas Sim 1 and 2. One ewe with lamb at foot. Three entries—A. Robertson 1, Alex Thomson 2. Corriedale (clothed or housed). —Ram, any age. One entry —H. P. Mclntyre. Ram, one shear. Two entries—H. P. Mclntyre 1 and 2. One ram hogget. Two entries —H. P. Mclntyre 1 and 2. Two ram hoggets. One entry—H. P. Mclntyre. One ewe hogget. Two entries—H. P. Mclntyre 1 and 2. Two ewe hoggets. Two entries— H. P. Mclntyre 1 and 2. One ewe and lamb. Three entries—H. P. Mclntyre 1, 2, and 3. Corriedale (unclothed and unhoused).— One ewe and lamb. Three entries—H. P. Mclntyre 1,2 and 3. Fat Sheep (Judge, Mr John Murray, Mosgiel).—Pen of three wethers under 30 months), in wool. Four entries—Edie Bros 1, Jas Pullar 2, Jas Jenkins and Son 3 Three best halfbred wethers, any age (in wool). Two entries—G. P. Johnston 1 and 2. Three wethers or maiden ewes (any breed or cross), under 18 months, in wool. Two entries—W. A. Edwards 1, Jas Robertson and Sons 2. Three fat ewes. Two entries—Edie Bros 1, M. McAuley 2. Three wethers or maiden ewes (any breed or cross), under 18 months, shorn, most suitable for frozen meat trade. One entry —W. A. Edwards. Three heaviest hoggets (in wool). Three entries—Jas. Jenkins and Son 1, McGillvray Bros. 2. Three wethers or maiden eweg[ over 18 months (shorn). Four entries—Edie Bros. 1, Fleming Bros. 2 and 3. Pen of three heaviest wethers (shorn), any age. Twe entries—Edie Bros. I, Alex Thomson 2. Pen of three heaviest wethers (shorn), under 30 months. Two entries—J. C. Herron 1, Edie Bros. 2. Pen of three heaviest wethers (shorn), under 42 months. Three entries —Jas Jenkins and Son 1, Edie Bros. 2, Alex Thomson 3. Three heaviest fat lambs (ram lambs barred). Two entries—J. F. Herbert 1 and 2. Three fat lambs, suitable for freezing, minimum freezing weight 301bs, maximum freezing weight 421bs. Two entries—J. F. Herbert 1 and 2. Heaviest pet lamb. Five entries —W. A. Baxter 1, Frank Herbert 2, Miss J. Ritchie 3. HORSES. Draughts (Judge: Mr Alex. Dollar, Ashburton) :—Entire Horse, any age. Two entries—Coubrough and Hamilton 1, A. Lambic 2. Entire Horse, 3 years. One entry— Fleming Bros. Entire Horse, 2 years. Two entries —Patrick Bellew 1, H. King 2. Colt or Gelding, 1 year. Five entries —G. P. Johnston 1, Alex. Thomson 2, Jas. Jenkins and Son. 3. Brood Mare, in foal or with foal at foot. Four entries—Fleming Bros. 1 and 2, Jas. Robertson and Sons. 3. Filly, 3 years. Two entries—Fleming Bros. 1. Filly, 2 years. Two entries—Fleming Bros. 1, G. P. Johnston 2. Filly, 1 year. Three entries —Coubrough and Hamilton 1, Fleming Bros. 2, A. Davidson and Son. 3. Gelding, 4 years and upwards. Eight entries— G, P- Johnston 1, Fleming Bros. 2, Jas. Jenkins and Son. 3. Best Three-year-old Gelding. Two Bros. 1,

Morrow Bros. 2. Pair Geldings, any age. j Four entries—Fleming Bros. 1, Jas. Jenkins I . and Son. 2 and 3. Pair Fillies, 2 years and under. One entry—Fleming Bros. Pair , Mares, 3 years or over. Two entries—Flemi ing Bros. 1 and 2. Gelding, 2 years. Four i entries—Alex. Thomson 1, Jas. Jenkins and Son. 2 and 3. Best Dry Mare, 4 years and upwards. Three entries—Fleming Bros. 1 and 2, Jas. Jenkins 3. Best Type of Clydesdale. Eight entries —Fleming Bros. 1 and 2. Mare, with two of her progeny. Three entries. Fleming Bros. 1 and 2. Threehorse Team, dry mares or gelding, the property of one exhibitor. Three entries. I Flemnig Bros. 1 and 2, Jas. Jenkins and i Sons. 3. Three Colts, fillies or geldings, 3 1 years jmd under.—Fleming Bros. 1, Jas. i Jenkifis* and Son. Best Colonial-bred ; Mare. Five entries. —Fleming Bros. 1 and •2. Pair Mares, 3 years or over—Fleming j Bros. 1 and 2. Best Yearling Colt or Filly lon the ground. Eight entries. —Coubrough , and Hamiltdn 1, G. P. Johnston 2. Best ■ Yearling Colt, owned and bred by exhibitor. Five entries.—Mrs D. Fleming 1, G. P. j Johnston 2. Best Yearling Filly, owned j and bred by exhibitor. Three entries.—Coui brough and Hamilton 1. Yearling Colts and • Fillies, 2 year-olds (Clydesdale Society’s sil- ' ver medal). Seven entries.—Fleming Bros. •1. Champion Stallion.—Coubrough and Hamilton’s Rosen Craig. Reserve Champion Stallion.—Heming Bros.’ colt by Fin- • est Blend-Rita (imp.). Champion Mare.— ; Fleming Bros.’ mare by Bouqugan Kennedy ! —Baron’s Pride mare. Reserve Champion Mare.—Fleming Bros.’ three-year-old filly ' by Finest Blend. I Light and Harness Horses (Judge: Mr j Alex. Walker, Outram) : —Thoroughbred Entire Horse, any age. One entry—A. O’Kane’s “Mohawk.” Thoroughbred Mare, iin foal or with foal at foot. One entry’— ; Farquhar Robertson. Carriage or Hackney i Stallion, any age. Two entries—D. McAli lister’s “St. Swithih.” Hackney Brood | Mare, in foal or with foal at foot. One entry—R. Oliver. Thoroughbred or Hackney Colt, 1 year. Two entries—A. K. Paterson 1. Filly or Gelding, 2 years. Four entries—D. Jenkins 1, A. Wyber 2 and 3. Roadster or Hack, up to 15st. Three entries—Miss K. Wood 1, W. Dunnet 2. Roadster or Hack, up to 13st. Seven entries—i R. Yardley and Son. 1, Miss K. Wood 2, R. ! Acton-Adams 3. Roadster or Hack, up to i Us. Seven entries—J. S. Waddell 1, Miss !K. Wood 2, R. Acton-Adams 3. Three-year- ' old Roadster or Hack. One entry—R. | Yardley and Son. Best Paced Hack. Nine i entries—R. Yardley and Son. 1, J. S. Wad- | dell 2, Geo. Stuart 3. Mare or Gelding, up !to 10cwt., driven in spring cart or other ! vehicle. One entry—E. Arnold. Lady’s ; Hack. Five entries—J. S. Waddell 1, Miss IK. Wood 2, Geo. Stuart 3. Best Lady ; Rider—Miss K. Wood. Best "Turned-out i Lady Rider—Miss K. Wood. Boy’s Pony. • One entry—D. R. Lawlor. Single Buggy Horse. Three entries—Miss K. Wood 1, G. , P. Johnston 2 and 3. Boy’s Pony, under 13 ’ hands. Two entries —Leslie White 1, Hugh j Mclntyre 2. Best Turn-out (horse, gig j and harness). One entry—D .R. Lawlor. Dog-cart Horse—W. D.unnett 1. COMPETITIONS. Polo Race—R. Bartlett. 1, H. Mclntyre 2. Hunter—G. Wayte 1 and 3, Mrs Stewart (Westwood) 2. High Jump—W. Wayte 1, Mrs Stewart 2. In the Wool-classing Competition, there were 15 competitors. Mr J. McGregor, Mosgiel, was judge, and the result was as follows:—J. Jarrold (Tapanui) 1, Walter Murray (W’airepa) and Leonard Paterson (Waikaka) equal, 2, J. Kerr (Kelso) and R. (Nichol (Waikaka) equal, 3. Fifteen competitors. DOGS. (Judge: Mr M. Ferguson,“Crookston). Bearded Collie (dog). Four entries— Jas. Jenkins and Son. 1, Mrs D. Fleming j2. Smooth Collie (dog). Six entries—E. G. ( Perkins 1, K. Rodger 2. Heming Bros. 3. I Rough-coated Collie (dog). Fourteen en- : tries—Bert Simons 1, Miss F. Smith 2, Jas. j Pullar 3. Smooth Collie (bitch). Four entries—W. Spillane 1. DAIRY PRODUCE. (Judges: Butter—Mr A. C. Ross, Dunedin. Baking—Miss Callender, Mosgiel). One Pound Fresh Butter, in Alb rolls. EiglK entries—Mrs Jas. Robertson 1, Mrs A. Wilson 2, Mrs H. King 3. 11b Powdered Butter, in Alb rolls. Six entries —Mrs Jas. ( Robertson and Miss M. Robertson (equal) jl, Mrs H. King 3. Fancy Butter. One entry—Mrs D. McKenzie. 11b Fresh Butter (open only to exhibitors who have never i taken a first prize). Six entries —Mrs Jas. Robertson 1. lib Powdered Butter (open 1 only to exhibitors who have never taken a • first prize). Seven entries—Mrs Jas. Robertson and Miss M. Robertson (equal) 1. ! Plain Oven Scones. Nine entries —Miss Braudigam 1, Mrs R. McDonald 2, Mrs Wm. : Kirk 3 and h.c. Plain Oven Scones (open only to exhibitors who have never taken a first prize). Nine entries —Miss Meade 1, ! Mrs Jas. Robertson 2 and 3, Miss I. J. Kirk ! h.c. Girdle Scones. Eleven entries—Mrs R. McDonald 1, Miss E. W. Duff 2, Mrs ' Wm' Kirk 3 and h.c. Fancy Scones. Five 1 entries—Miss Braudigam 1 and 2. Mrs W. ID. Willi anus 3. Oaten Cake. Two entries—- ' Mrs R. McDonald 1 and 2. Fruit Cake | (iced cake excluded). Five entries—Miss j Braudigam 1 and 2, Mrs J Cleghorn 3. j Light-coloured Fruit Cake (iced cake ex- ' eluded) ; must be plain. Seven entries—- ■ Mrs J. Cleghorn 1, Mrs R. McDonald 2, Miss Braudigam 3. Fruit Cake (dark), I open only to exhibitors who have never ' taken a first prize. Ten entries—Mrs H. Mackay 1, Miss Heming 2, Miss A. Gibson 3. Fruit Cake (light), open only to exhibitors who have never taken a first prize. i Eleven entries—Mrs J. Kitching 1, Mrs R. G. Foster 2, Mrs A. Thomson 3. Sponge Cake. Fourteen entries—Miss M. J. Haugh 1, Mrs T. Crossan 2, Mrs R. McDonald 3. Collection of Biscuits. Six entries—Miss Kingdom 1 and 2, Mrs Jas. Kerse 3. Homemade Bread. Eight entries—Mrs IL McDonald 1 and 2, Mrs E. W. Duff 3, Mrs A. Stalker h.c. Home-made Brown Bread. Six entries —Mrs J. Fleming 1, Mrs R. McDonald 2 and 3. Shortbread. Nineteen entries— Mrs R. McDonald 1, Mrs M. W. Kingdom '2, Mrs J. Cleghorn 3. Pikelets. Nine entries —Mrs R. McDonald 1, Miss L. Moore 2, Mrs W. D. Williams 3. Best Pastry. Two entries—Mrs T. Crossan 1 and 2.