DETAILS OF THE TREATY.

Otago Witness, Issue 3400, 14 May 1919, Page 17

DETAILS OF THE TREATY.

THE NEW GERMANY. The boundaries of Germany are described in two articles—one dealing with Germany proper, and the other with Eastern Prussia. The boundary line between the new State of Poland and Germany and East Prussia respectively, and the new boundary line between East Prussia and Lithuania are described in detail in so far as they are not left to be settled by boundary commissions on the spot. The boundary with Belgium follows the line described in the later section dealing with Belgium. The frontier with Luxembourg and with Switzerland is that of August, 1914. The frontier with France is that of the 18th July, 1870, with a reservation regarding the Saar Valley. The frontier with Austria is the same as that of the 3rd August, 1914, up to the point where that of the new State of Czecho-Slovakia begins. The frontier of Czecho-Slovakia follows the old frontier between Germany and Austria up to the point where he new State of Poland begins. The boundary between Germany and Denmark and a portion of the boundary between East Prussia and Poland remain to be decided by the result of a plebiscite. POLITICAL CLAUSES. CHANGES OF NATIONALITY. Germany is to consent to the abrogation of the treaties of 1839 by which Belgium was established as a neutral State and her frontier, etc., fixed, and to agree in advance to any convention with which the Allies may determine to replace them. Germany is to recognise the full sovereignty of Belgium over the contested territory of Moresnet and over part of Prussian Moresnet, and is to renounce in favour of Belgium all rights over Kupen and Malmedy, the inhabitants of which are to be entitled within six months to protest against this change in whole or in part. The final division is to be reserved to the League of Nations. A Commission is to settle the details of the frontier, and various regulations for individual changes of nationality are laid down. The territories acquired by Belgium will be free of all obligations. LUXEMBURG. Germany renounces her various treaties and conventions with the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg; recognises that it ceased to be part of the German Zollverein from the Ist January last, renounces all rights to the exploitation of its railways; adheres to the abrogation of its neutrality, and accepts in advance any international agreements as to it which may be reached by the Allied and Associated Powers. RHINE VALLEY AS BUFFER TERRITORY. As subsequently provided in the military section, Germany must not maintain or construct any fortifications less than 60 kilometres to the east of the Rhine. In the above area Germany may maintain no armed forces, either permanent or temporary, nor hold. any manoeuvres or maintain any works for the facilitation of mobilisation. If the provisions of this article are violated she shall be regarded as committing a hostile act against the signatories of the treaty and as intending to disturb the world's peace, ~.,.•• By virtue of this treaty she must respond to any request for an explanation which the Council of. the League of Nations may address to her.

THE SAAR BASIN. In compensation for the destruction of coal mines in Northern France, and as payment on account of repatriation, Germany cedes to France the full ownership of the coal mines oi the Saar Basin with the subsidiaries, accessories, and facilities. Their value will be ostimated by the Keparation Commission and credited against that account. The French rights will be governed by German law in force at the armistice, excepting war legislation, France replacing the present owners, whom Germany undertakes to indemnity. France will continue to furnish the present proportion of coal for local needs and to contribute in just proportion to local taxes. The basin extends from the frontier of Lorraine, as reannexed by France, north as far as St. Wed el, including the Valley'•of the Saar as far as Saarholzbach, and on the east the town of Homburg. In order to secure the rights and welfare of the population and to guarantee to France entire freedom in working the mines, the territory will be governed by a commission appointed by the League of Nations and consisting of five membersone French, one a native inhabitant of Saar, and three representing three different countries other than France and Germany. The League will appoint a member of the commission as chairman to act as executive of the commission. The commission will have all the powers of the Governments formerly belonging to the German Empire, Prussia, and Bavaria; will administer railways and other public services and will have full power to interpret the treaty clauses. Local courts will continue, but will be subject to the commission. _ The existing German legislation will remain the basis of the law, but the commission may make modifications after consulting a local representative assembly which it will organise. It will have taxing power, but for local purposes only; new taxes must be approved by this assembly. Labour legislation will consider the wishes of the local labour organisation and the labour programme of the league. French and other labour may bo freely utilised, the former being free to belong to teh French unions. There will be no policp service, only a local gendarmerie to preserve order. The people will preserve their local assembles, religious liberties, schools, and language, but may vote only for local assemblies. They will keep their present nationality except so far as individuals may change it. Those wishing to leave will have every facility with respect to their property. ' . The territory will form part of the French customs system, with no export tax on coal and metallurgical products going to Germany nor on German products for the Basin, and for five years no import duties on products of the Basin going to Germany or German products coming into the Basin for local consumption. French money may circulate without restriction. After 15 years a plebiscite will be held by communes to ascertain the desires of population as to the continuance of the existing regime under the League of Nations, union with France, or union with Germany. The right to vote will belong to all inhabitants over 20 vears of age resident therein at the signature of the treaty. On-the opinion thus expressed the League will decide ultimate sovereignty. In any portion restored to Germany the German Government must buy out the French mines at' an appraised valuation. If the price is not paid within six months thereafter this portion passes finally to France. If Germany buys back the mines the League will determine how much coal shall go to France. TERRITORY OF ALSACE-LORRAINE. Aftsr recognition! of the moral obligations to repair the wrong done in 1871 by Germany to France and the people of Alsace-Lorraine, the territories ceded to Germany by the Treaty of Frankfort are restored to France with their,, frontiers as before 1871, to date from the signing of the armistice and free of all public debts. Citizenship is regulated by detailed provisions, distinguishing those who are immediately restored to full French citizenship, those who have to make formal application therefor, and those for whom naturalisation is open after three years. Tho last-named class includes German residents in Alsace-Lorraine, as distinguished from those who acquire a position of Alsace-Lorrainers as defined in the Treaty. All public property and all private property of German ex-Sovereigns passes to France without payment or credit. France is substituted for Germany as regards the ownership of railroads and rights over concessions and tramways. The Rhine bridges pass to France, with an obligation for their upkeep for five years. Manufactured products of Alsace-Lorraine will be admitted to Germany free of duty to a total amount not exceeding the three years preceding the war, and textile materials may be imported from Germany to Alsace-Lorraine and re-exported free of duty. Contracts for electric power from .the right bank of the Rhine must be continued for 10 years. •' ' ■ For seven years, with a possible extension to 10, the ports of Kehl and btrassbourg shall be administered as a single unit by a French administrator, appointed and supervised by the Central Rhine Commission. Property rights will he safeguarded in both ports, and equality of treatment as respects traffic assured to the national vessels and goods of every country. Contracts between Alsace-Lorrainers and Germans are maintained, save for France's right to annul them on the grounds of public interest. .... Judgments of the courts shall held in certain classes of cases, while in others a judicial consequatur is first required. Political condemnations during the war are null and void, and obligation to pay war fines is established as in other parts of Allied territory. Various clauses adjust the general provisions of the Treaty to the special conditions of Alsace-Lorraine, certain matters of execution being left to conventions to be made. INDEPENDENCE OF NEW STATESThe entire independence of German Austria is recognised by Germany. Germany recognises the entire independence of the Gzecho-Slovakic States including the autonomous 1 territory of the Ruthenians, south of the Carpathians, and accepts the frontiers of this State as made and determined, which in case of the German frontier shall follow the old frontier of Bohemia in 1914. Germany cedes to Poland the greater part of Upper Silesia, Posen, and the province of West Prussia on the left bank of the Vistula. A Field Boundary Commission of seven, of whom five shall represent Allied and Associated Powers and one each Poland and Germany, shall be constituted -within 15 days of peace to , define this boundary. Such special provisions as are necessary to protect racial or religious minorities shall be laid down in a subsequent treaty between Allied and Associated Powers and Poland and East Prussia. The southern and eastern frontier of East Prussia as facing Poland is to be fixed by plebiscites. The first will be in the Regency of Allensteins, between the southern frontier of East Prussia and the northern frontier of RegierungsbespkiAllenstein it meets the boundary between East and West Prussia to its junction with the boundary between the circles o£ Oletsko and Augersdurg, thence by the northern boundary of Oletsko to its junction with the present frontier ; and the second in the area comprising the circles of Stuhm and Rosenberg and the parts of circles of Marienburg and Marienwerdn, east of the Vistula. In each case German troops and authorities will move out within 15 _ days of peace, and the territories will be placed under an International Commission of five members, appointed by the five Allied and Associated Powers, with the particular duty of arranging for *a free, fair, and secret vote. The Commission will report the results of the° plebiscites to the*five Powers, with a recommendation for the boundary, and will terminate its work as soon as the boundary is laid down and new authorities are set up. The five Allied and Associated Powers will draw up regulations assuring East Prussia of full and equitable access to and the use of the Vistula. A subsequent convention, of which the terms shall be fixed by the five Allied and Associated Powers, will be entered into between Poland and Germany and Dantzig, to assure suitable railroad communication across German territory on the right bank of the Vistula between Poland and Dantzig, while Poland shall grant free passage from East Prussia to Germany. The north-eastern corner of East Prussia about Memel is to be ceded by Germany to the Associated Towers; the former agreeing to accept the settlement made, especially as regards the nationality of the inhabitants. DANTZIG A FREE CITY. Dantzig and the district immediately about it are to be constituted into the free city of Dantzig under the guarantee of the League of Nations. A High Commissioner will be appointed by the League, and the residents of Dantzig shall draw up a constitution in agreement with duly appointed representatives of the city, and shall deal in the first instance -with all differences arising between the city and Poland. The actual boundaries of the city shall be limited by a commission appointed within six months from peace, and to include three representatives chosen by the Allied and Associated Powers and one each by Germany and Poland. A convention, the terms of which shall be fixed by the five Allied and Associated Powers, shall be concluded between Poland and Dantzig, which shall include Dantzig within the Polish customs frontiers though with a free area in the port; shall insure to Poland the use of all the city's waterways, docks, and other port facilities, the control and administration of the Vistula, and the whole through railway system within the city and the postal, telegraphic, and telephonic communication between Poland and Dantzig; shall provide against discrimination against Poles within the city, and place its foreign relations and the diplomatic protection of its citizens abroad in charge of Poland.

THE GERMANY-DENMARK FRONTIER. The frontier between Germany and Denmark is to be fixed in accordance -with the wishes of the population, a vote being taken in Northern Schleswig as a whole and in portions of Central Schleswig by communes 10 days from peace. German troops and authorities must evacuate the region north of a line running from the mouth of the Scheli south of Kappel-Schleswig and Friearichstadt along the Zuider to the North Sea south of Tonning, and workmen's and soldiers' councils in. the zone must be dissolved. During the voting the zone -will be under the charge of an International Commission of five members, of whom the Norwegian and Swedish Governments will be invited to choose two. The Commission will temporarily have general powers of administration. After the result of the voting has been declared, the Danish Government may occupy those territories which have opted for Denmark, and Germany shall renounce sovereign rights in these territories. All inhabitants will" then acquire Danish nationality, with certain exceptions. Provisions are made for individual. change of nationality under certain con-* ditions. HELIGOLAND FORTIFICATIONS TO BE DESTROYED. The fortifications, military establishments, and harbours of the isktnds of Heligoland and Dune are to be destroyed under the supervision of- the Alb'es by German labour at Germany's expense. They are not to be reconstructed, nor are any similar works to be constructed in future. v _ PROTECTING RUSSIA. Germany is to recognise and respect the full independence of all territories which formed part of the former Russian Empire. Germany is to accept definitely the annulment of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, and of all treaties or agreements _of all kinds concluded by Germany since the revolution of November, 1917, with all Governments or political groups on territory of the former Russian Empire. The Allies reserve all rights on the part of Russia for restitution and satisfaction to be obtained from Germany on the principles of the Plient Treaty, section 4. POLITICAL CLAUSES—OUTSIDE OF EUROPE. GERMAN RIGHTS TO BE RENOUNCED. \ Outside of Europe Germany renounces all rights, titles, and privileges as to her own or her allies' territories'to all Allied and Associated Powers, and undertakes to accept whatever measures are taken by the five Allied Powers in relation thereto. COLONIES AND OVERSEAS POSSESSIONS. Germany renounces in favour of the Allied and Associated Powers her overseas possessions with all rights and titles therein. All movable and immovable property belonging to the German Empire or to any German State shall pass to the Government exercising authority thereat. These Governments may make whatever provisions seem suitable for the repatriation of German nationals, and as to the conditions on which German subjects of European origin shall reside, hold property, or carry on business. Germany undertakes to pay reparation for damage suffered bv French nationals in Cameroon or its frontier zone through acts of German civil and military authorities and of individual Germans from the Ist of January, 1900, to the Ist of August, 1914. Germany renounces all rights under the Conventions of the 4th of November, 1910, and the 28th of September, 1912, and undertakes to pay France in accordance with' an estimate presented and approved by the Reparation Commission all deposits, credits, advances, etc., thereby secured. Germany undertakes to accept and observe any provisions by the Allied and Associated Powers as to trade in arms and spirits in Africa, as well as to the general Act of Berlin, 1885, and the general Act of Brussels, 1890. ' . Diplomatic protection to the inhabitants of former German colonies is to be given by the Governments exercising authority. GERMANY AND CHINA. Germany renounces in favour of China all privileges and indemnities resulting from the Boxer protocol of 1901, and all buildings, wharves, barracks, forts, munitions of war, ships, wireless plants, and other public property except diplomatic or Consular establishments in the German concessions of Tientsin and Hankow and in other Chinese territory except Kiao-Chau, and agrees to return to China at her own expense all astronomical instruments seized in 1900 and 1901. China_ will, however take no measures for the disposal of German property in the Legation quarter at Peking without the consent of the Powers signatory to the Boxer protocol. Germany accepts the abrogation of the concessions at Hankow and Tientsin, China agreeing to open them in international use. Germany renounces all claim against China or any Allied and Associated Government for the internment or repatriation of her citizens in China, and for the seizure or liquidation of German interests there since the 14th of August, 1917. She renounces in favour of Great Britain her State property in the British concession at Canton and of France and China jointly of the property of the German school in the French concession in Shanghai. CONCESSIONS IN SIAM. Germany recognises that all agreements between herself and Siam, including the right of extra territoriality, ceased on the 22nd of July, 1917. All German public property, • except Consular and diplomatic premises, passes without _ compensation to Siam, German private property to be dealt with in accordance with, the economic clauses. w . . Germanv waives all claims against Siam for the seizure -and condemnation of her ships, the liquidation of her property, or the internment of her nationals. CONCESSIONS IN LIBERIA. Germany renounces all rights under the International Arrangement of 1911-1912 regarding Liberia, more particularly the right to nominate a receiver of Customs and disinterests herself in any further negotiations for the re-establishment of Liberia. She regards as abrogated all commercial treaties and agreements between herself and Liberia, and recognises Liberia's right to determine the status and condition of the re-establishment of Germans in Liberia. RIGHTS IN MOROCCO RENOUNCED. Germany renounces all her rights, titles, and privileges under the Act of Alo-eciras and Franco-German Agreements of 1909 and 1911, and under all treaties ancl arrangements with the Sherifinan Empire. She undertakes not to intervene in pny negotiations as to Morocco between France and other Powers; accepts all consequences of the French protectorate there; and renounces the capitulations. The Sherifian Government shall have complete liberty of action in regard to German nationals, and all German protected persons shall be subject to the common law. All movable and immovable German property, including mining rights, may be_ taken by the Government and deducted from the reparation account. Germany is also required to relinquish her interest in the State Bank of Morocco. All Moroccan goods entering Germany shall have the same privilege as French goods. BRITISH PROTECTORATE CVER EGYPT Germany recognises the British protectorate over Egypt declared on the 18th December, 1914, and renounces as from the 4th Auugst, 1914, capitulations and all the treaties, agreements, etc., concluded by her with Egypt. She undertakes not to intervene in any negotiations about Egypt between Great Britain and other Powers. There are provisions for jurisdiction over German nationals and property, and for German consent to any changes which may bo made in relation to the Commission of Public Debt. Germany consents to transfer to. Great Britain all the powers given to the late Sultan of Turkey for securing free navigation of the Suez Canal. Arrangements for dealing with the property belonging to German nationals in Egypt are made similar to those, in the case of' Morocco and other countries. Anglo-Egyptian goods entering Germany shall enjoy the same treatment as British goods. TURKEY AND BULGARIA. Germany accepts all arrangements which the Allied and associated Powers may make with Turkey and Bulgaria with reference to. any rights, privileges, or 'interests claimed in those countries by Germany or her nationals, and not dealt with elsewhere. CHINESE CONCESSIONS RENOUNCED. Germany cedes to Japan all rights, titles, and privileges, notably as to Kiaochau, and railroads, mines, and cables acquired by her under treaty with China on the 6th March, 1898, and by her agreements as to Shantung. Ail German rights to railroads from Tsingtao to Tsinan-fu, including all facilities, mining rights, and rights of exploitation, shall pass equally to Japan, and the cables from Tsingtao. to Shanghai land Chefoo, the cables to be free of all charges. All German State property, movable and immovable, at Kiao-chau is acquired by Japan free of all charges. MILITARY, NAVAL, AND AIR CLAUSES. DRASTIC LIMITATIONS OF FORCES. " In order to render possible the initiation of a general limitation of armaments of all nations, Germany undertakes directly to observe the military, naval, and aa clauses which follow" :

MILITARY, RESTRICTIONS. Tho military terras provide for the demobilisation of German armies and the imposition of other military restrictions. Within two months of signing the treaty —U3 a first step towards international disarmament-all compulsory military service is to be abolished in German territory, and recruiting regulations on a voluntary basis are to be incorporated into German military laws, providing for the enlistment of non-commissioned officers and men for a period of not less than Id consecutive years, and stipulating that officers shall serve for 25 years, and shall not be retired until the age of 45. < ■ No reserve of officers with war service will be permitted. The total number of German effectives is fixed at 100,000, including not more than 4000 officers, and it is provided that there shall be no other military officers raised outside this figure. " Increase in the number of customs or forestry officials or police, or the military training of these services, is specially prohibited. The function of the German army is to keep internal order and control ot frontiers. The high command =is to confine itself to administrative duties, and will not be allowed to retain a general staff. The civilian personnel at the Ministry of War and similar institutions is to be reduced to one-tenth of that in 1913. ... There will not be more than seven infantry and three cavalry divisions, and not more than two corps staffs. , Surplus war academies and schools for officers, cadets, etc., are to be suppressed and the number of students admitted to schools retained for the recruitment of officers is to be limited to vacancies occurring in the establishments provided. The production of armament, munitions, and material of war m Germany is limited to a schedule based on.the amount considered to be necessary for an army on the scale decided upon. No reserves may be formed, and all existing armaments, guns, or stores,; above the limits fixed, must be handed over to the Allies for disposal. ' . No poisonous gas or liquid fire shall be manufactured or imported, nor any tanks nor armoured cars. , The Germans are obliged to notify to the Allies for approval the names and situation of all factories for manufacturing munitions, together -with the particulars ofHheir output. German Government arsenals are to be suppressed, and their per-? sonnel dismissed. Munitions for' use at fortified works will be limited to 1500 rounds apiece for guns of 10.5 cm. calibre and under, and 500 rounds for guns of higher calibre. , Germany is prohibited from manufacturing armaments and munitions for foreign countries and from importing them from abroad. Germany must not maintain or construct any fortifications situated on German territory "les3 than ,50 kilometres east of the Rhine,'and in the above area no armed forces, either permanent or temporary, may be maintained. The status quo is_ to be resumed in respect of fortifications on the original southern and eastern frontiers of the German Empire. No military manoeuvres may be held nor any permanent works kept for the purposes of helping mobilisation. The demobilisation of fortifications must take place within three months. NAVAL CONDITIONS. NO SUBMARINES ALLOWED. The naval terms provide that within two months the German naval forces in commission must not exceed six battleships of the Deutschland or Lothringen type, six light cruisers, 12 destroyers, and 12 torpedo boats, or an equal number of ships constructed to replace them. No submarines are to be included, and all other -warships are to be placed in reserve or devoted to commercial purposes. Germany may keep in commission a fixed number of mine-sweeping vessels until the mines within certain specified areas in the North Sea and Baltic have been swept up. • X After the expiration of two months the total exclusive personnel of the navy must not execed 15,000, including a maximum of 1500 officers and -warrant officers. All German surface warships interned in Allied or neutral ports are to be finally surrendered. Within two months certain additional warships enumerated in the Treaty and now in German ports will be surrendered at Allied ports. The German Government must undertake the breaking up of all German surface warships under construction. Auxiliary cruisers, etc., are to be disarmed and treated as merchant ships. Within one month all German submarines capable of proceeding tinder their own power or being towed must have been handed over at Allied ports. The remainder and those under construction must be broken up by Germany' within three months. The material arising from the breaking up of German warships may not be used except for industrial purposes, and may not be sold to foreign countries except under specified conditions for replacement. Germany is forbidden to construct or acquire any warships, and the construction or acquisition of any submarines Whatever is prohibited. Vessels of war are only to have a fixed allowance of arms, munitions, and war material; all excess of arms, munitions, and war material is to be surrendered, and no stocks or reserves are allowed. PERSONNEL ALLOWED. The personnel of the German navy must be recruited entirely by voluntary engagements for a minimum period of 25 consecutive years for officers and warrant officers, and 12 consecutive years for petty officers and men, under various restric. tions In order to ensure free passage into the Baltic, Germany is not to erect any fortifications in certain specified areas, nor insfcal any guns commanding maritime routes, between the North Sea and the Baltic. Existing fortifications within those areas are to be demolished and the guns removed. Other fortified works within 50 kilometres of the German coast or on German islands are to remain, as being of a defensive nature, but no new fortifications may be constructed, and armaments may not be increased. The maximum stocks of ammunition allowed for such defences are 1500 rounds per piece for 4.1-inch guns and under, and 500 rounds per piece for guns exceeding that calibre. The German wireless stations at Nauen, Hanover, and Berlin are not to be used' for naval, military, or political messages withotit the assent of the Allied and associated Governments during three months, but only for commercial purposes under supervision. During the same period Germany is not to build any more high-power wireless stations. Germany is to be allowed to repair German submarine cables which have been cut, but are not" being utilised by the Allied Powers, and also portions of cables which, after having been cut, have been removed, or at any rate are being utilised, by any of tJhe Allied and associated Powers. In such cases the cables or portions of cables removed or utilised shall remain the property of the Allied and associated Powers, and accordingly 14 cables or parts of cables are specified which will not be restored to Germany. AVIATION RESTRICTIONS. The air clauses provide that the armed forces of Germany must not include any military or nava] air forces. Germany is, however, to be allowed to maintain a maximum of one hundred unarmed seaplanes up to October 1, 1919, to be exclusively employed in searching for submarine mines. The entire personnel of the Air Forces in Germany to be demobilised within two months, except for a total of 10,000 men, including officers, which may be retained up to October. Aircraft of the Allied and associated Powers are to enjoy full liberty of passage and landing over and in the territory and territorial waters of Germany until January 15, 1923, unless prior to that date Germany is admitted to the League= of Nations or is admitted to adhere to an international air convention. The manufacture of aircraft and parts of aircraft is forbidden throughout Germany for six months. All military and naval aircraft, including dirigibles and aeronautical material, are to be delivered to the Allied and Associated Governments within three months, except for the 10 seaplanes already specified. VARIOUS MATTERS. The general articles provide for the modification of German laws in conformity with the preceding clauses. All clauses contained in the treaty are to be executed by Germany under control of inter-Allied commissioners to be specially appointed by the Allied and associated Government, for which the German Government is bound to furnish all necessary facilities, and the expenses of upkeep. The duties of the Military, Naval and Aeronautical Commissioners of control are laid down in detail. AMD RESTITUTION. "The Allied and associated Govermrwnst affirm, and Germany accepts on behalf of herself and her alliei, responsibility for causing all loss'and damage to which the Allied and associated Governmmenfcs and their'nationals have been subjected, as a consequence of- the war imposed upon them by the aggression of enemy States." While the grand total of damages assessed against Germany may exceed her ability to pay, she undertakes to make compensation for all damages caused to civilians under seven main categories: (A) Damage by personal injury to civilians caused by acts of war directly or indirectly. (B) Damage caused to civilians by acts of cruelty ordered by the enemy and to civilians in occupied territories. (C) Damages caused by maltreatment of prisoners. _ (D) Damages to Allied peoples represented by pensions and separation allowance capitalised at the signature of this treaty..

(E) Damages to property other than naval or military materials. (F) Damage to civilians by being forced to labour. (G) Damages in the form of levies or fines imposed by the enemy. The total obligation of Germany to pay, as defined in the category of damages, is to be determined and notified to her after a fair hearing and not later than May 1, 1921, by an Interallied Reparation Commission. At the same time a schedule of payments to discharge obligations within 30 years shall be presented. These payments are subject to postponement in certain contingencies. Germany irrevocably recognises the full authority of this commission, agrees to supply it with all necessary information and to pass legislation to effectuate its findings. She further agrees to restore to the Allies cash and certain articles which can be identified.

As an immediate step towards restoration Germany shall pay within two years 20,000,000,000 marks in either gold, goods, ships, or other specific forms of payment, with the understanding that certain expenses, such as those of armies of occupation and payments for food and raw materials, may be deducted at the discretion of the Allies. "In periodically estimating Germany's capacity to pay reparation the commission shall examine the German scheme of taxatio nfirst, to tho end that the sums for reparation which Germany is required to pay shall become a charge upon all her revenues prior to that for service or discharge of any domestic loan; and, secondly, so as to satisfy itself that in general the German scheme of taxation is fully as heavy proportionately' as that of any of the Powers represented on the commission. Measures which the Allied and Associated Powers shall have the right to take in case of voluntary default by Germany, and which Germany agrees not to regard as acts of war, may include economic and financial prohibitions and reprisals, and in general such other measures as the respective Governments may determine to be necessary in the circumstances." The commission shall consist of one representative each of the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Belgium, with all other Allied Powers entitled, when their claims are under consideration, tw right of representation without voting power. It shall permit Germany to give evidence regarding her capacity to pay, and shall assure her a just opportunity to be heard. It shall make its headquarters at Paris, and establish its own procedure and personnel, have general control of the whole reparation problem, and become the exclusive agency of the receiving, holding, selling, and distributing reparation payments. _ A majority vote shall prevail, except that unanimity is required on questions involving the sovereignty of any of the Allies; the cancellation of all or part of Germany's, obligations; the time and manner of selling, distributing, and negotiating bonds issued by Germany; any postponement between 1921 and 1926 of annual payments beyond 1930; and any' postponement after 1926 for a period of more than three years; the application of a different method of measuring damage than in a similar former case; and the interpretation o fprovisions. ( Withdrawal from representation on the commission is permitted upon 12 months notice. The commission may require Germany to give from time to time by way of guaranty issues of bonds' or other obligations to cover such claims as are not otherwise satisfied. In this connection, and on account of the total amount of claims, bond issues are presently to be required of Germany in acknowledgment of its debt as follows : 20,000,000,000 marks in gold, payable not later than the Ist May, 1921, without interest. , 40,000,000,000 marks in gold, bearing 2J, per cent, interest, between 1921 and 1928, and thereafter 5 per cent. ,with 1 per cent, sinking fund, payment beginning in 1926; and an undertaking to deliver 40,000.000,000 marks in gold, bearing interest at 5 per cent., under terms to be fixed by the commission. The interest on Germany's debt will be 5 per cent., unless otherwise determined by the commission in future, and payments that are- not made in gold may "be accepted by the commission in the form of properties, commodities, businesses, rights, concessions, etc. 1 ' , Certificates, of beneficial interest representing either bonds or goods delivered by Germany may be issued by the commission to the interested Power, no Power being entitled, however, to have its certificates divided, into more than five pieces. As bonds are distributed, and pass from the control of the commission, an amount of Germany's debt equivalent to their par value is to be considered as liquidated. REPLACING SRTPPIN G. The German Government recognises the right of the Allies to the replacement, ton for ton and class for class, of all merchant ships and fishing boats lost or damaged owing to the war, and agrees to cede to the Allies all German merchant ships of 1600 tons gross and upwards, one-half of her ships between 1600 tons gross, and one-quarter of her steam trawlers and other fishing boats. These ships are to be delivered within two months to the Reparation Commission, together with documents of title evidencing tihe transfer of the ships free of encumbrance. "As an additional part of reparation," the German Government further agrees to build merchant ships on account of the Allies to an amount not exceeding 200,000 tons gross annually during the next five years. All ships used for inland navigation taken by Germany from the Allies are to be restored within two months, the amount of loss'not covered by such restitution to be made up by the cession of the German river fleet up to 20 per cent, thereof. DEVASTATED AREAS. Germanv undertakes to devote her economic resources directly to the physical restoration of invaded areas. The Reparation Commission. is authorised _to require Germany to replace destroyed articles by the delivery of animals, machinery, etc., existing in Germany, and to manufacture materials required for reconstruction purposes, all with due consideration for Germany's essential domestic requirements. SPECIAL PROVISIONS. Germany is to restore within six months the Koran of the Caliph Otsman, formerly at Medina, to the King of the Hedjaz, and the skull of Sultan Mkwawa, formerly in German East Africa, to his Britannic Majesty's Government. The German Government is also to restore to the French Government certain papers taken by the German authorities in 1870, belonging then to M. Rouher, and restore French flags taken during the war of 1870-71. PRISONERS OF WAR. The repatriation of German prisoners and interned civilians is to be carried out by a commission composed of representatives of the Allies and the German Government, together with local sub-commissions. German prisoners of war and interned civilians are to be returned without delay by the German authorities at their own cost. Those under sentence for offences against disc'pline committed before the Ist May, 1919, are to be repatriated without regard to the completion of their sentences, but this does not apply in the case of offences other than those against discipline. Until the German Government has surrendered prisoners guilty of offences against the laws and customs of war the Allies have the right to retain selected German officers. The Allies have the right to deal :.'; their own discretion with German Nationals who do not desire to be repatriated, and all repatriation is conditional on the immediate release of any Allied subjects still in Germany. The German Government is to accord facilities to commissions of inquiry in collecting information with regard to missing prisoners of war and imposing penalties on officials who have concealed Allied Nationals. The German Government to restore all property belonging to Allied prisoners, and there to be a reciprocal exchange of information as to dead prisoners and their graves. GRAVES OF SOLDIERS. - The Allies and German Government are to respect and maintain the graves of all soldiers and sailors buried on their territories, and to recognise and assist commissions appointed in connection with them, agreeing also to give any practicable facilities for removal and reburial t PUNISHMENT OF WAR CRIMINALS. ' THE EX-KAISER ARRAEGMED. The Allies publicly arraign the ex-Emperor William II "for a supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties." The ex-Emperor's surrender is to be asked for from the Dutch Government, and a special tribunal is to be set up, consisting of one judge from each of the five Great Powers. This tribunal is to be guided by the highest principles of international policy, and is to have the duty of fixing whatever punishment it thinks should be imposed. Military tribunals are to be set up by the Allies to take persons accused of acts of violation of the laws and customs of war, and the German Government is to hand over all persons so accused. Similar tribunals are to be set up by any particular Allied Power against whose nationals criminal acts have been committed. The accused are to be- entitled to name their own counsel, and the German Government is to undertake to furnish all documents and information the production of which may be necessary.

FINANCIAL STIPULATIONS. The Powers to which German territoryis ceded will assume a certain portion of the. German pre-war debt, the amount to be fixed by the Interallied Reparation Commission on the basis of the ratio between the revenues of the ceded territory and Germany's total revenues for the three years preceding the war. In view of the special circumstances under which AlsaceLorraine was separated from France in 1871, when Germany refused to accept

| any part of the French public debt, France •' will not assume any part of Germany's [pre-war debt, nor will Poland share in certain German debts incurred for the oppression of Poland. The value of German Government property in the ceded territory will, in general, be credited to Germany on account of reparation, but no credit will be given for any German Government property in Alsace-Lorraine. . The mandatory Powers will not assume any German debts or give any credits for

German Government property. Germany, renounces all right of representation on or control of State banks, commissions, or other similar international, financial, and economic organisations. Germany is required to pay the total cost of the armies of occupation from the date of the armistice for «>s long as they are maintained in German territory, and this cost is to be a first charge on. her resources. The cost of reparation i 3 to bo the next charge, after making such provision for payments for such imports into Germany as the Allies may deem necessary. Germany is to deliver to the Allied Powers all sums deposited in Germany by Turkey and Austria-Hungary in connection -with the financial support extended by her to them during the war, and is to transfer to the Allies all claims against Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, or Turkey in' connection with agreements made during the Avar. Germany confirms the renunciation of the Treaties of Bucharest and BrestLitovsk. On request of the Reparation Commis-' sion, Germany will expropriate any rights or interests of her nationals in publio utilities in the ceded territories or those administered by the mandatories, and in Turkey, China, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria, and will transfer them to the Reparation Commission, which will credit her with their value. Germany guarantees to repay to Brazil the funds arising from the sale of Sao Paulo coffee, which she refused to allow Brazil, to withdraw from Germany. ECONOMIC CLAUSES. CUSTOMS. The treaty contains detailed provisions for securing that Germany shall not discriminate, directly or indirectly, against the trade of the Allies and Associated' countries. These provisions will remain in force for five years, unless extended by the Council of the League of Nations. Temporary provision is made for free entrance into Germany, up to a limited amount, of the products of Alsace-Lor-raine, Luxemburg, and the German territory ceded to Poland. Tho German import tariff applicable at the outset to Allied goods will not exceed the lowest rates of 1914, but after six months Germany will be free to raise her tariff as long as it is impartially applied to all the Allies, except as regards a few specified articles—namely, agricultural products, with regard to which the restriction will extend for a further. period of two and a-half years. Power is reserved in case of necessity to impose a special Customs regime in the occupied parts. SHIPPING. Vessels of the Allies are' to enjoy both national and " most favoured nation " treatment in Germany for at least five years, and this provision will continue thereafter, on condition of reciprocity, unless revised by the Council of the League of Nations. As regards the fishing and coasting trade and towage, the * most favoured nation " treatment is to be accorded for the same period as for Customs matters. Provision is made for recognition by Germany of ships* certificates and places of registry of ships belonging to States without a "seaboard. UNFAIR COMPETITION. Germany undertakes- to orotect tho trade of the Allies against unfair competition, and, in particular, to. suppress the use of false markings and indications of origin, and, on condition of reciprocity, to respect the laws and judicial decisions of the Allied and Associated States in respect of the national appellations of wines and spirits. TREATMENT OF NATIONALS. Germany is not to impose on nationals of the Allied States or their property any restrictions which were not in force before the -war or any taxes, unless those restrictions and taxes are applied to her own nationals. She is also prevented from imposing restrictions in regard to the exercise of occupations which are not applicable to all foreigners. Those provisions are to be in force -for a period of five years, and, if a majority of the Council of the League of Nations so decides, for an additional period not exceeding five years. German nationality shall not continue to attach to a person who has become a national of an Allied or Associated State. MULTILATERAL CONVENTIONS, Some 40 multilateral conventions are renewed between Germany and the Allied parties thereto, but special conditions are attached to Germany's readmission to several; for example, as to Postal and Telegraphic Conventions, Germany must not refuse her consent to special arrangements concluded by the new States ; she must agree, as respects the Radio Telegraphic Convention, to fulfil the provisional rules to be communicated to her, and adhere to the new convention, when formulated. Under the North Sea Fisheries and North Sea Liquor Traffic Conventions the rights of inspection and police over Allied fishing boats are, for at least five years, to be exercised only by vessels of the Allied Powers. Germany loses the special rights granted her under Article 3 of the Samoa Treaty of 1599 and other treaties, and, in particular, is to renounce her right to the Boxer indemnity subsequent to China's entry into the war. BILATERAL TREATIES. Each Allied 'State may, if it desires, renew any of its treaties with Germany, in so far as is consistent with the Peace Treaty, by giving notice within six months. Treaties entered into by Germany since August, 1914, with other enemy States, and before or since then with Rumania, Russia, or Governments representing parts of the former Russian territory, are abrogated, and the concessions granted under the pressure to German nationals are annulled. The Allies are to enjoy the privileges conferred under

the treaties entered into by Germany with other enemy States before Ist August, 1914, and under the treaties entered into by Germany with neutral' States during the war. PRE-WAR DEBTS, Clearing offices are to be established within three months in Germany by each Allied or Associated State which adopts the plan, and the settlement of pre-war debts and other specified pecuniary obligations will take place through these offices, direct settlement being prohibited. The adjustment of the proceeds or the liquidation of enemy property will also be made through these offices. Each particular State is to take responsibly for obligations cf the kinds referred to on the part of its nationals towards nationals of optK>sing States, except in cases where, at the outbreak of the war, the debtor was insolvent. Claims are to be discussed between the clearing offices of the two coun-

tries concerned, and, failing an agreement, are to be submitted to arbitration or to a mixed arbitral tribunal referred to below. The sums due to nationals of each country are to be paid by the clearing office in that country, and the sums owing by such nationals are to be debited to it. Debts are to be paid in the currency of the Allied country concerned, and the rate of exchange to be adopted, failing specific provision in the contract, is to be the average cable transfer rate prevailing in that country during the month immediately preceding the outberak of war between the country in question and Germany. It is optional with any Allied Power to participate in the above system. PROPERTY. Action of liquidation, control, etc., taken in Allied countries and in Germany ia. regard to enemy property and business under exceptional war measures is confined, subject to compensation in respect

of loss, to the .property, etc., of Allied nationals, to be determined by a mixed arbitral tribunal and charged upon the property of German nationals which is under the control of the claimant State. Any compensation due to her own nationals is to be paid by Germany. All actions of liquidation, control, etc., in Germany is to be stayed, and Allied property, if not completely liquidated, is to be restored. Nationals of countries which did not make any general liquidation of German property may require restoration, if possible, of their actual property by the German Government, no matter in whose hands it may now be. Stipulations are included for the protection of returned property and businesses in Germany in future. The Allies reserve the right to retain and liquidate all German property within their territory, and the net proceeds of the sales of such property both during and after the war, are to be credited to Germany and applied by each State to the satisfaction of claims by its nationals with regard to their property in Germany or to debts owing to them by Germans. CONTRACTS. Pre-war contracts between Allied nationals and German nationals are in general cancelled as from the date on which the parties became enemies. Exception is made in the case of agreements for the transfer of real or personal property where the property referred to therein had already passed; also leases of land and houses, contracts of mortgage, pledge, or Hen, mining concessions, contracts with Governments and public bodies, and insurance contracts. In regard to the last-named class of contracts detailed provision is made as indicated below. Powers are reserved for the maintenance of contracts the execution of which is regarded by the Allied States as in the general interest, subject, if necessary, to the payment of equitable compensation, to be fixed by a mixed arbitral tribunal. Having regard to constitutional difficulties in the case of the United States of America, Brazil, and Japan, these councils are excepted from the provisions relating to pre-war contracts.

Fire insurance contracts, axe not to be considered as dissolved by the war, even if the premiums have not been paid, but these contracts -will lapse at the date of the first annual premium falling due three months after peace. Life insurance contracts are not dissolved merely by reason of the war, but, where they have lapsed, the surrender value may be claimed; or, if the lapse was due to the payment of the premiums being prevented by the enforcement of measures of war, the contract may be restored on payment of the premiums, with interest. Marine insurance contracts are dissolved by the outbreak of the war, except where risk his been attached. Where the same risk was again insured against after the war had begun, the new policy is to be considered as substituted for the old one. Where risk liad not attached at the outbreak of war, the premiums paid are recoverable. Insurance ..treaties are abrogated unless

invision has made it impossible for the reinsured to find another reinsurance. Any Allied or Associated Power, however, may cancel all life insurance contracts running between its nationals and a German insurance or reinsurance company, the latter being obliged to hand over a proportion of its assets attributable to such policies. A mixed arbitral tribunal is to bo established between each of the Allies and Germany, consisting of one. member appointed by each of the two Governments, and a president, who is to be chosen, failing agreement, by the Council of the League of Nations, "or, until this Council is set up, by the present President of the Swiss Federal Council. This tribunal is to decide all disputes relating to contracts made before the date of the treaty 'of peaoe between the nationals of the Allied States and German nationals, so far as they do not fall 'within the jurisdiction of Allied, or Associated, or neutral courts. INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY. Rights in industrial, literary, and artistic property are re-established, but subject, in the case of German-owned rights, to the effect of the special war measures of the Allies. The right of imposing on German patents and copyright conditions in the public interest, or to secure fulfilment of Germany's obligations, is reserved. Extensions of time are given for the accomplishment of formalities for working of patents and for securing rights under* international conventions, except.as between the United States of America and Germany. Prewar licenses are cancelled, subject to the right of the old licensee to demand a new license on terms to be specially settled; and, except as between the same countries, the right to sue for infringement committed during the war is not recognised. OPIUM. The high contracting Powers who have not signed or ratified the Opium Convention of 1912 agree to bring it into force. AERIAL NAVIGATION. The aircraft of the Allied and Associated Powers shall have full liberty of passage and landing over in German territory, equal treatment with German planes as to the use oi German aerodromes, and with "most favoured nation " planes as to internal commercial traffic in Germany. Germany agrees to accept Allied certifU cates of nationality, airworthiness, competency, and licenses, and apply the convention relative to aerial navigation concluded between the Allied and Associated Powers to her own aircraft over her own territory. These rules will apply until 1923, unless Germany has since been admitted to the League of Nations or to the above convention. PORTS, WATERWAYS, AND RAILWAYS. Germany is required to grant freedom of transit and full national treatment to vessels, rolling stock, etc., coming from or going to any Allied or Associated State, and passing in transit through German territories. Goods in transit are to be free of Customs duties, and the rates .of transport are to be and no charges or facilities are to depend directly or indirectly on the flag of the vessel. Provisions are made against discrimination by the control of transmigrant traffic, and all kinds of indirect discrimination are prohibited. International transport is to be expedited, particularly for perishable goods. There is to be no discrimination in transport charges and. facilities against Allied ports. Free zones in German ports are to be maintained, and adequate facilities aire to be provided for trade requirements, without distinction between nations. Only certain limited charges are permissible in free ports. INTERNATIONALISING RIVERS. The Elbe, from its junction with the Vltava (or Moldau), and the Vltava below Prague; the Oder, from its confluence with the Oppa; the Niemen, below Grodno; and the Danube, below Ulm, are declared to be international, together with portions of their affluents. Nationals' property and the flags of all States are to be treated on a' footing of perfect equality with the subjects, etc., of riparian States, and various conditions are imposed to ensure them facilities at reasonable charges and the maintenance of navigation under the supervision of the League of Nations and of international commissions. These ax'e to meet in the near future, and prepare projects for the revision of existing agreements, which are temporarily to remain in force. Germany is to hand over within three months from notification a proportion of its river shipping, tugs, and material. In the case of the Danube, the former Commission is to resume its pre-war powers, but only < Great Britain, France, Italy, and Rumania are to be represented on it. From the point where the competence of this Commission ceases an International Commission is to be appointed to administer the whole of the Upper Danube until a definite statute is arrived at. Provision is also made for a deepdraught Rhine-Danube canal, should it be decided to construct it within 25 years. CANALISATION RIGHTS. The Rhine and the Moselle form the subject of a special series of clauses. The Convention of 1868 is, in general, to remain in force, with important modifications. The expanded Central Commission is to sit at Strassburg, and France is to name the president. As Holland is a party to this convention the modifications are subject to her assent. Within three months Germany is to hand over to France a proportion of the tugs and river shipping from the Rhine harbours, or shares in the German navigation companies. A proportion of the buildings, tugs, etc., owned by Germans in Rotterdam Harbour on August 1, 1914, or shares in such concerns, must similarly be handed over. France is to have full rights all along her own frontier to use water from the Rhine for canals, etc., and to carry out works for driving and motive power, sub-

ject to certain payments and to the consent of the commission. Germany is to undertake to make no canals on the right bank of the Rhine opposite the French frontier, and is to grant France certain privileges on the right bank for the establishment of certain engineering -works sub ject to payment of compensation. Switzerland is also entitled to demand similar rights for the upper part of the river. If within 25 years Belgium decides to construct a Ithine-Meuse canal, the German Government is bound to construct such parts of it as fall within German territory, according to plans drawn up by the Belgian Government, the expenses to be divided among the various States. Germany _ is to make no objection to the Commission extending its jurisdiction, if desired, to the Lower Moselle, with the ! consent of the Luxemburg Government; to the Upper Rhine, with consent of the Swiss Government; and to lateral canals and waterways which may be constructed to improve navigation. . The German Government is to lease to ! the Czecho-Slovak Republic for 99 years | areas in the harbours of Hamburg and j Stettin as free zones. ! THE RAILWAYS. | The railway clauses provide that goods ' consigned from or to Allied States to or from Germany, or in transit through Germany, are entitled generally to the most favourable conditions available. Certain railway tariff questions are dealt with. When a new Railway Convention has replaced the Berne Convention of 1890, it will be binding on Germany; meantime, 1 she is to follow the Berne Convention. j Germany is to co-operate in the estab- . lishment of passenger and luggage services, ■ with direct booking, between Allied States over her territory under favourable conditions, as well as emigrant train services. I Germany is to fit her rolling stock with j apparatus allowing it being incorporated in allied' goods trains, and vice versa, j without interfering with the brake system. I Provision is made for handing over install | lations of lines in the transferred territory, and of an equitable proportion of rolling stock for use therein. I Commissions are to settle the working of the lines linking up two parts of one country and crossing another, or branch lines passing from one country to another. In the absence of particular agreements, Germany is to' allow such lines to be built or improved as may be necessary to ensure good services between one Allied State and another, if called upon to do so within 25 years, with the concurrence of the League of Nations, the Allied States concerned paying the cost. Germany is to agree, at the request of the Swiss and Italian Governments, to the denunciation of the 1919 Convention as to the St. Gothard route. i As a temporary arrangement Germany is to execute the' instructions given in the name of the Allies as to the transport of troops, material, munitions, etc., and transport for revictualling certain regions and the reestablishment of normal transport, coastal, and telegraphic services. Finally, Germany is to agree to subscribe to_ any ■ general conventions regarding international regime of transit, waterways, ports, or railways which may be concluded by the Allies, with the approval of the League of Nations. Certain specified articles in those providing for equal treatment in the matter of transit and transport are subject to revision by the League _ of Nations after five years; failing revision, they will only continue in force in relation to any Allied State which grants reciprocal treatment. KIEL CANAL. The Kiel Canal is to remain free and open to the ships of war and merchant shipping of all nations at peace with Germany. Subject goods and ships of all States are to be treated on terms of j equality in the use of the canal, and I charges are to be limited to those necessary for the upkeep and improvement of the canal, for which Germany is to be responsible. In cases of violation of these provisions or disagreement as to them, the States concerned may appeal to the juris- ' diction established by the League of Na- | tions, and may demand the appointment of I an internal commission. ! THE LABOUR CONVENTION. LEADING FEATURES. | Under the provisions of the Labour ConI vention : _ j 1. An international conference is to be held annually, to propose reformsi for adoption by the States comprising the League of Nations. 2. There is to be a governing body to I act as an executive and prepare an agenda j for the conference, and an international i Labour office for the collection and disj tribution of information and reports. The ! head of the office will be responsible to the j governing body. 3. The annual conference will consist of j four representatives from each State—two for the State, and one each for the employers and the employed. Each delegate may vote independently. The conference will have power to adopt by a two-thirds majority recommendations or draft conventions on Labour matters. The recommendations or draft conventions so adopted must be brought by each State before the authorities within whose competence the matter lies for enactment, for legislation, or other action. If a draft convention receives the approval of the competent authority, the State in question is under j the obligation to ratify it and carry it ' into effect. Should any State fail to observe the above obligations, it will be open to the governing body to appoint a commission of inquiry, as a result of whose findings the League of Nations may take economic measures against the offending State. 4. Special provision is made to prevent any conflict with the Constitution of the United States or other federal States. 5. To meet the case of countries where the'climate is imperfect for industrial development, or other special circumstanceß render labour conditions substantially diK

ferent from those obtaining elsewhere, the conference must take the difference into account in" framing any convention. A protocol attached to the convention ErOvides that the first meeting be at Washlgton in the present year, and sets up an international organisation committee for that purpose. The protocol also contains the agenda for the first meeting, which includes the nrinciple of an eighthours' day, the question of unemployment, and the employment of women and children, especially in dangerous trades. Appended to the section containing the Labour Convention is an affirmation by the high contracting parties of the methods and principles for regulating labour conditions, which all industrial communities should endeavour to apply an far as their special circumstances permit. Amongst these are that Labour should' not be regarded merely as a commodity or article for all lawful purposes for employers as well as employed; payment to the employed of a wage implying a reasonable standard of life as understood in their time and country; the adoption of the eight-hours' day or 48-hours' week where this has not already been attained; the adoption of a weekly rest of at least 24 hours, including Sunday, where practicable; the abolition of child labour and the limitation of labour of the young so as to permit the continuance of their education and proper physical-develop-ment; the principle of equal pay for men and women for equal work; any legal standard for the conditions of labour to have regard in each country to the equitable economic treatment of all workers resident therein; provision by each State of a system of inspection for the nrotec? tion of the employed, in which women should take part. GUARANTEES. WESTERN EUROPE. As a guarantee for the execution of the treaty, German' territory to the west of the Rhine, together with the bridgeheads, will be occupied by the Allies and Associated troops for 15 years. If the conditions are faithfully carried out by Germany, certain districts, < including the bridgeheads at Cologne, will be evacuated at the expiration of five years; certain other districts, including the bridgeheads at Cobleliz, will be evacuated after ."0 years; and the remainder, including the bridgeheads at Mainz, will be evacuated after. 15 years. In case the Inter-AUied Reparation Commission find that Germany has failed to observe the whole or part of her obligations, either during the occupation or after the 15 years have expired, the whole or part <H the areas specified will be reoccupied immediately. If before the expiration of 15 years Germany complies with all the undertakings resulting from-the present treaty, the occupying forces will be withdrawn immediately. EASTERN EUROPE. Similarly all German troops present in the territories east of the "new frontiai shall return as soon as the Allies thiik most suitable. They are to abstain from all requisitions, etc., and are in no way to interfere with such measures for national defence as "may be adopted by the Provisional Governments concerned. OCCUPATION OF TERRITORY. All questions regarding occupation not !>rovided for by the treaty will be reguated by a subsequent convention, or v convention which will have similar fore" and effect. MISCELLANEOUS. Germany agrees to recognise the full validity of the treaties of peace, and \ \ e additional conventions to be concluded by the Allied and Associated Powers with the Powers allied with Germany; is to agree to the decisions to be taken as to the territories of Austria-Hungary, Bui garia, and Turkey; and is to recogn'so the new States in the frontiers to be fixel for them. The high contracting parties note the' treaty of July, 1918, between Fran-jo and the Principality of Monaco. They agree that the chairman of the Commissions shall, under certain airoumstances, have a casting vote. The work of the religious missions maintained by German societies in territory -- transferred to or belonging to any Allied or Associated Power is to be continued under trustees appointed by those Powers. In a clause Germany undertakes "not to put forward any pecuniary claim against any Allied Powers signing the present treaty, based on events previous to the coming into force of the treaty. Germany accepts all decrees, etc, as zo German ships and goods made by any Allied Prize Court, and the Allies reserve -'the right to examine all decisions of the German Prize Courts. The present treaty, of which the French and English texts are both authentic, shall be ratified, and the deposit of ratification made in Paris as soon as possible. Various diplomatic provisions as to ratification follow. The treaty is to enter Into force in all respects for each Power on the date of its ratification. REPARATION. ADDITIONAL CLAUSES. Under the heading of "Reparation," the following clausee are additional to those already published:— COAL, ETC. Germany is to deliver annually for 10 years to France coal equivalent to tho amount between the annual pre-war output of the Nord and Pas de Calais mines and the annual production during about 10 years. Germany further gives options over 10 years for the delivery of seven million tons of coal per year to Franco in addition to the above, of eight milli- ft tons to Belgium, and of an amou.it lising from 4£ million tons in 1919 and 1920 to 8£ million tons in 1923-1924, at any prices to be fixed as prescribed in the treaty. Coke may take the place of coal in the ratio of three tons for four. Provision is

also made for delivery to France over three years of benzol, coal-tar, and sulphate of ammonia. The Inter-AUied Commission has powers to postpone or annul the above deliveries should they interfere unduly with the industrial requirements of Germany. DYESTUFFS OR CHEMICAL DRUGS. Germany accords an option to a commission on dyestuffs and chemical drugs, including quinine, up to 50 per cent, of the total stock in Germany at the time the treaty comes into force, and a similar option during each of six months to the end of 1924 up to 25 per cent, of the previous six months' output. CABLES. Germany renounces all title to specified cables, the value of such as were privately owned being credited to her against her reparation indebtedness. SPECIAL PROVISIONS. As reparation for the destruction of the library of Louvain, Germany is to hand over manuscripts, early-printed books, prints, etc., to the equivalent value of those destroyed. In , addition to the above Germany is to hand over to Belgium the wings now at Berlin belonging to the altar-piece of the " Adoration of the Lamb," by Hubert and Jan Van Eyck, the centre of which is now in the Church of St. Bave, at Ghent; and the wings, now at Berlin and Munich, of the altarpiece of the "Last Supper," by Birk Bouts, the centre of which belongs to the Church of St. Peter,, at Louvain.