THE SUBMARINE

Evening Star, Issue 22070, 2 July 1935, Page 7

THE SUBMARINE

STANDS INDICTED Ships of all kinds are used both in peace and war, according: to their description and quality, and they form the principal lines of communication throughout the world (says Admiral Mark Kerr, R.N., retired). In peace time every country is supplied in greater or lesser degrees by the sea routes of the world, and two countries, Great Britain and Japan, would cease to exist if their sea routes were entirely closed, while other countries would not be vitally wounded by the cutting of their veins of sea commerce, but would merely suffer inconvenience from the temporary loss of certain supplies. In war time certain vessels are used for the protection of the sea routes of the countries owning them or alternatively for attacking the enemy’s sources of supply. Let us see what value the submarine has in peace and in war.

In peace the submarine plays no part. It is not speedy enough for passenger carrying, and_ not buoyant enough for freight carrying. It draws too much water, compared with -its tonnage, for entry into many ports. In war time the submarine is a dangerous vessel of attack against large war vessels, but its principal work during the late war was in attacking merchant. vessels in the enemy lines of communication.

During the course of its history it performed many acts which were entirely against the chivalrous traditions of the sea, such as sinking mex 1 - chant ships, not only freight vessels, but passenger ships, and drowning the crews and voyagers. The world at largo was shocked at the' brutality which sank non-combat-ants of both sexes and all ages without giving them a hope of saving their lives, ancT in one way this contributed to the victory of the Allies, for neutral nations ranged themselves on the side of the British and allied navies who still carried out the old laiV of the sea, and never destroyed a noncombatant or a civilian life, and the sinking of the Lusitania was the event that ultimately brought the United Stales of America into the war.

It has-been a tradition in the AngloSaxon races that when a fight is over and one man or one side has been proclaimed the victor, and as soon as the peace treaty has been carried out, all shall be forgotten and forgiven, and 'ife started afresh.

This was an easy procedure to carry out in the days when civilians were untouched by the weapons of war, when the shooting of sentries was considered immoral, and the bombardment of defenceless towns was looked upon as uncivilised, but at the present day the horrible work of submarines in the last war has left an aftermath of hatred that makes the cementing of peace a long and protracted affair. If it had not been for the barbarous invention of the submarine, poison gas, the bombing of defenceless towns, Europe would have been in a settled condition several years ago, with probably the League of Nations, with power at its back, tlje ruling arbiter in all disputes. It iSj therefore, apparent that tho submarine is useless in peace time, a degradation and tho negation of chivalry in war time, and, in addition, causes the settlements between nations after a war is over to be protracted through years of squabbling, suspicion, and unrest, which immeasurably prolong_ the time when peaceful prosperity will spread over the Continent.

The abolition of the submarine might have been accomplished directly the war was over, when everybody was sick at the thqnght of its horrors, but as 'time has gone on smaller nations realise’ that it is n comparatively cheap weapon against the greater and richer ones, and so the abolition question becomes more difficult.

What is required to bring the world to realise the curse of the submarine is firm and gentle propaganda, pointing out how destructive it is to human morality during war and tho aftermath, and how useless it is to prosperity and happiness in time of peace.

THE SHARE MARKET DUNEDIN STOCK EXCHANGE' Business this morning was limited to a sale reported in Dominion Rubbers at 28s 3d, and a sale after the call in Skippers at 21d. Conditions generally, however, continued firm. Meat preserving shares continued to gain in strength, and this was particularly applicable to the Refrigerating issues. The market revealed only one seller. The only other section to show much change involved gold mining concerns, for which there were more buyers. Strongest inquiry was forthcoming for Alexanders, Big Rivers, King Solomons (which have cased slightly), Molyneux Rivers, Okaritos. and Waitahus. Only buyers operated in the Government Loan section. SALES. Reported.—Dominion Rubber, £1 8s 3d. After Call.—Skippers, 2id. Quotations as under:—

Buyers. Sellers. £ s. d. £ s. d. BANKING— Australasia _ 11 2 0 New Zealand 2 10 6 .— Commercial 0 15 6 0 16 0 B.S. and A 5 0 0 — Reserve — 6 9 3 Union of Australia Ltd 8 15 0 — INSURANCE— National 1 0 6 — New Zealand 3 8 0 — South British , — 4 19 6 A.P.A 1 1 0 — SHIPPING— Huddart, Parker (pref.) 1 6 0 — P. and 0. Deferred Stock 1 2 0 — U.S.S. Co. (pref.) ... 1 7 6 — r \IEAT PRESERVING— N.Z. Refrigerating' 6 (paid) 0 19 — N.Z. Refrigerating 9 (cont.) 0 9 5 0 9 Southland Frozen , (paid) ... ... ... 3 15 6 — Southland Frozen (pref.) 3 15 6 — South Otago , Freezing 6 14 0 Waitaki Farmers’ Freezing 3 10 0 LOAN AND* AGENCY— '• National Mortgage (B issue) 110 Oex ■— N.Z. Guarantee 0 Corporation ■ <i — 5 10 Wright, Stephenson 9 (ord.) 0 17 — Wright, Stephenson (pref.) 0 19 3 ”” COALKaitangata ... ... — 1 1 0 Westport 1 1 7 1 2 6 Westport-Stockton 0 8 (ord.) 0 1 0 1 Westport-Stockton 0 (pref.) “ 4 3 WOOLLEN COMPANIES— Mosgiel — 0 12 0 0 Wellington (ord.) ... 6 5 — MISCELLANEOUS— Associated News ... 1 3 6 — Broken Hill Pro0 9 prietary ... ... ... 2 18 2 18 Brown, Ewing (pref.) ... ••• ' — 1 3 9 Consolidated Brick ... 0 9 1 — D.I.C. (ord.) 0 15 6 — Dominion Fertiliser ... 1 2 0 — Dominion Fertiliser 0 Debs 105 0 — 0 Dominion Rubber ... 1 7 6 1 9 Dunlop Perdriau Rubber ... ... ... — U ID 9 Milburn Lime and Cement 2 5 3 — 0 N.Z. Drug Co. — 6 4 5 N.Z. Newspapers ... 1 18 i 19 6 ‘Sun’ Newspapers ... 0 8 3 u 0 4 Woolworth’s (Sydney) $ 16 oex BREWERIES— New Zealand 2 13 6 2 14 3 GAS-. Christchurch, .,. ... 1 16 0 VUSTRALIAN MININGMount Lyell 0 18 Mount Morgan l ib 8 3 0 19 117 0 0 GOLD MINING— Alexander (cont.) ... 0 13 6 0 0 1 0 0 5 9 8 Bendigo Goldlight ... Big River ... 0 Blackwater , 2 3 1 2 11 0 Charleston — Gillespie’s « 1 4 0 ,1 6Golden Progress ... 0 0 3 Goldfields Dredging ... 0 0 1 0 u 05 X < Kildare ... . King Solomon v 3 8 0 0 O 0 3 10 Lawson’s Fjat 0 0 3 ■ Molyneux River ... ... 0 1 8 Moonlight-Nelson A n 1 Creek _ Nokomai A Okarito ••• " Oxenbridge ... ... 0 5 10 0 5 u 0 0 0 0 X 6 6 2 0 6i ft n Sandhills 2i 8 V Skippers ... ... 0 Waitahu 0 0 2 0 210 N.Z. GOVERNMENT LOANS— (Bonds quoted arc £100 Bonds.) Zk p.c. Stock. 193852 1943 .-105 0 0 31 p.c Stock, 19391943 ... i- 105 !! lK ... 105 0* 0 _ 0 0 -r31 p.c. Stock, 19381952 107 5 0 — 3* p.c. Stock. 19391952 - 107 5 0 — 3t p.c. Stock, 1941 1952 ...1OT 5 0 — 4 n‘.c. Bonds Jan. 15, 1 1940 * ••• 104 0 0 — 4 p.c. Stock, Jan, 15, 0 1940 - 104 0 — * 4 p.c. Bonds, Feb. 15, 0 1946 108 0 — 4 p.c. Stock, Feb. 15, 0 0 1946 108 — 4 n.c Bonds, April 15, 1949 108 0 0, 4 p.c. Stock, April 15, 1849 ... v - .•• 108 0 0 — 4 n.c. Bonds, June 15, 0 1955 HI 0 — 4 p.c. Stock, June 15, 1955 ... - HI 0 0 “ UNLISTED STOCKS— Procera Bread 2 1 0 —