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(b) The promotion of town and village planning in areas where economic needs result in the concentration of population : (c) The prevention and elimination of congestion in urban areas : (d) The improvement of living conditions in rural areas and the establishment of suitable industries in rural areas where adequate manpower is available. Article 8 The measures to be considered by the competent authorities for the promotion of productive capacity and the improvement of standards of living of agricultural producers shall include — (a) The elimination to the fullest practicable extent of the causes of chronic indebtedness : (b) The control of the alienation of agricultural land to non-agriculturalists so as to ensure that such alienation takes place only when it is in the best interests of the territory: (c) The control, by the enforcement of adequate laws or regulations, of the ownership and use of land and resources to ensure that they are used, with due regard to customary rights, in the best interests of the inhabitants of the territory : (d) The supervision of tenancy arrangements and of working conditions with a view to securing for tenants and labourers the highest practicable standards of living and an equitable share in any advantages which may result from improvements in productivity or in price levels : (e) The reduction of production and distribution costs by all practicable means and in particular by forming, encouraging and assisting producers' and consumers' co-operatives. Article 9 1. Measures shall be taken to secure for independent producers and wage earners conditions which will give them scope to improve living standards by their own efforts and will ensure the maintenance of minimum standards of living as ascertained by means of official inquiries into living conditions, conducted after consultation with the representative organizations of employers and workers. 2. In ascertaining the minimum standards of living account shall be taken of such essential family needs of the workers as food and its nutritive value, housing, clothing, medical care and education. Part IY. —Provisions concerning Migrant Workers Article 10 Where the circumstances under which workers are employed involve their living away from their homes, the terms and conditions of their employment shall take account of their normal family needs. Article 11 Where the labour resources of one area of a non-metropolitan territory are used on a temporary basis for the benefit of another area, measures shall be taken to encourage the transfer of part of the workers' wages and savings from the area of labour utilization to the area of labour supply.

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