ROYAL NEW ZEALAND NAVY REPORT OF THE NEW ZEALAND NAVAL BOARD FOR THE PERIOD 1ST APRIL, 1949, TO 31st MARCH, 1950

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1950 Session I, H-05

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1950 NEW ZEALAND

ROYAL NEW ZEALAND NAVY REPORT OF THE NEW ZEALAND NAVAL BOARD FOR THE PERIOD 1ST APRIL, 1949, TO 31st MARCH, 1950

Presented to Both Houses of the General Assembly by. Command of His Excellency the Governor-General

Navy Office, Wellington C. 1, 6th June, 1950. The Hon. the Minister op Defence. Sir, — We have the honour to address to-you the following report of the Royal New Zealand Navy and proceedings on the New Zealand Station during the year Ist April, 1949, to 31st March, 1950.

CONTENTS Section page I. State and Administration .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 11. General Survey of the Year .... .. .. .. .. 2 111. Personnel and Welfare .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 IV. Royal New Zealand Naval Reserves .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 V. Civilian Staff and Dockyard Workmen.. .. .. .. .. ..6 VI. H.M.N.Z. Dockyard and Naval Base Dockyard Work .. .. .. ..6 Appendices I. State of Navy at 31st March, 1950 . . .. .. .. .. .. 8 11. R.N.Z.N. Movements During Year Ended 31st March, 1950 .. .. .. 8 111. State of Naval Personnel .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 IY. State of Civilian Staff .. .. .. .. .. .. 10

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SECTION I—STATE AND ADMINISTRATION The Navy Department is controlled by the Naval Board, established by the Naval Defence Act, 1936. 2. The Board consists of — The Minister of Defence (Chairman). A Captain, Royal Navy, with the rank of Commodore (as First Naval Member and Chief of Naval Staff). A Captain, Royal Navy (as Second Naval Member). A Commander (S), Royal Navy, with the acting rank of Captain (S), Royal Navy (as Naval Secretary). Captain J. G. Hewitt, D.5.0., R.N., was relieved as Second Naval Member in June, 1949, by Captain H. Lovegrove, R.N. 3. A state of the Fleet as at 31st March, 1950, is attached as Appendix I. SECTION 11-GENERAL SURVEY OF THE YEAR 4. " Rotoiti " and " Tutira " arrived at Auckland from the United Kingdom on 25th August, 1949. These are the last two of the frigates purchased from the Admiralty. On passage through the Mediterranean, " Rotoiti " called at Crete. A ceremonial parade was held at the Suda Bay War Cemetery, at which the Governor-General of Crete was present. Messages from His Excellency the Governor-General of New Zealand and the Right Honourable the Prime Minister were read by the Commanding Officer. 5. Although the frigates had been partly modernized before leaving the United Kingdom, a good deal of work remained to be done, and it was therefore decided to pay them off in turn into reserve for modernization. " Hawea " has been completed and " Kaniere " is now in hand. 6. Pending the construction in the United Kingdom of a surveying ship for the Royal New Zealand Navy, H.M.A.S. " Lachlan " has been obtained on loan from the Royal Australian Navy for a period of three years. She commissioned for service in the Royal New Zealand Navy on sth October, 1949, and has now completed a survey of the Foveaux Strait from Bluff Harbour to Nugget Point and commenced survey of Cook Strait and Port Nicholson approaches. 7. In August, 1949, the New Zealand Government informed the United Kingdom Government that they would provide up to three frigates if required to assist in the defence of Hong Kong. Necessity has not yet arisen for this movement, but the offer still holds good. 8. Arrangements have been made with the Admiralty for two New Zealand frigates to serve on the Mediterranean Station for six months in exchange for two frigates of the Royal Navy who will serve on the New Zealand Station. " Taupo " and " Hawea " sailed for the Mediterranean on 3rd April, 1950. 9. The New Zealand Squadron visited Australian ports in October, 1949, and carried out combined exercises with the Australian Fleet. Ships of the Australian Fleet returned the visit in February-March, 1950, and combined exercises were again carried out. 10. The Admiralty have arranged for three submarines of the Royal Navy to be based on Australia to give anti-submarine training to the Australian Fleet and New Zealand Squadron. One of these submarines accompanied the Australian Fleet during its visit to -New Zealand in February-March, 1950, and it is anticipated that further visits will be made later in the year. All three submarines arrived at Sydney by January, 1950,.5 nd are based there. 11. It deserves remark that these combined exercises have proved of important value, providing training at all levels under realistic conditions. The Australian Fleet, comprising an aircraft carrier, cruiser, and destroyers, the New Zealand Squadron, comprising a cruiser and frigates, combined with Royal Navy submarines, makes a

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complementary force well suited to both advanced strategic and tactical training and to the elementary seagoing experience and instruction to new recruits and reservists. InterSquadron and inter-ship rivalry and competition enhance efficiency and morale. Valuable co-operation in these exercises was afforded by both the Royal New Zealand Air Force and Royal Australian Air Force. 12. Compulsory military service was introduced during the year. As naval requirements are comparatively small, it has been decided that the most economical and efficient method of conducting part-time training would be to use. the existing Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve organization. The initial fourteen weeks' fulltime training will be carried out in the training establishment " Tamaki." Further remarks on this subject are contained in Section IV--Reserves. 13. A link with the early days of the New Zealand Navy was lost in July, 1949, when the hulk of the old training cruiser '" Philomel " was towed out to sea and sunk. ' 14. A very successful Navy Week-end was held at Auckland from 20th to 22nd Januarv, 1950, with a view to encouraging recruiting and benefiting naval welfare funds.' Attendances totalled 12,614. It is hoped to repeat the week-end in future years. 15. An Admiralty Mission consisting of Rear Admiral (E) L. A. Taylor, C.8.E., and Mr. 'L. E. Hoggan, 0.8. E. (M., Eng.), M.1.E.E., visited New Zealand between April and June, 1949, at the invitation of the Government to investigate, the working of the Naval Dockyard, with particular reference, to management, labour, and repayment work. The Mission rendered a comprehensive report and tin great majority of their recommendations have been implemented. 16. On Ist April, 1949, the, Government took over the oil-fuel installation at Suva previously the property of the Admiralty. 17. A summary of the movements of the Squadron during the past year is attached as Appendix 11. Changes that have taken place in the composition of the Fleet apart from those mentioned above, are — (a) The trawler " Kiwi " was paid off into reserve, on 7th December, 1949. (b) It. has been decided to retain the, tug " Toia " in naval service. Consideration is being given to converting her from coal to oil fuel for use as an ocean-going tug. 18. The French warship a Francis Gamier " visited Auckland in September, 1949, and March, 1950. SECTION 111--PERSONNEL AND WELFARE 19. Comparative statements of naval personnel borne on the 31st March, 1949, and 31st March, 1950, are shown in Appendix 111. 20. The number of re-entries include 22 ex Royal New Zealand Navy ratings recruited in New Zealand and 291 ex Royal Navy ratings recruited in the United Kingdom. 21. Recruits. —The numbers of male candidates called for examination and rejected for various reasons in the past two years are shown below : 1949-50. 1948-49. Called for examination .. .. 416 768 Rejected— Medically unfit .. .. .. ..84 107 Dentally unfit .. .. .. ..9 38 Educationally unfit . . . . 78 177 Other reasons . . .. .. 81 121 Total 252 443 The numbers of recruits rejected on medical grounds still remains approximately 20 per cent, of the total applicants.

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It will be noted that there is a large falling off from last year's figures of applicants. In an endeavour to attract more candidates, extensive tours have been planned for 1950 to include towns not normally visited by the Recruiting Board. The first of these tours has already been completed and the results are hopeful. 22. There is an increasing shortage of senior ratings, as those already in the Navy are not re-engaging for further service. The chief reasons are the lack of adequate housing accommodation at Auckland, the lack of incentive in the present pay code, and the higher wages obtainable in civilian life. 23. As regards the housing problem, it is gratifying to see that the Government are now dealing with the question of accommodation for State servants. The urgency of this problem for the well-being, and even the continuance, of the Navy cannot be oyerstressed, and the Naval Members earnestly hope that substantial progress will be made with a fiaval housing scheme during the coming year. During the past year ten temporary housing units at Narrow Neck and two permanent flats at Waiouru have been completed. A shed at " Tamaki" was converted into a cottage. Four houses adjacent to the Dockyard and two flats at Waiouru are nearing completion. 24. A further pressing need is a Services hostel at Auckland. This is particularly required to provide amenities for the large number of ex-R.N. ratings recently recruited for the R.N.Z.N. 25. No major work has been carried out at the training establishment " Tamaki " pending a decision on whether a new establishment is to be built. Should it be decided that Tamaki" is to.be retained, considerable work, including the provision of extra playing-fields, will be required to bring " Tamaki " up to standard, particularly to cater for the needs of C.M.T. trainees. SECTION IY—NAVAL RESERVES Royal New Zealand Naval Reserve 26. This Reserve comprises officers of the Merchant Navy who follow the sea as a profession. During the year, biennial sea training for these officers was reinstituted and one officer was embarked for the period of the Australian exercises in October, 1949. Three officers were granted the necessary leave by the Union Steamship Co. and were entered as Probationary Sub-Lieutenants and underwent six month's obligatory training in ships of the New Zealand Squadron. The strength of this Reserve at 31st March, 1950, is 16 officers. Royal New Zealand Naval Reserve (Inactive) 27. All rates of the Royal New Zealand Navy who have been discharged from a regular engagement are automatically placed in this Reserve until reaching the age of forty years. Membership of this Reserve entails the liability to serve in time of war only. The strength of this Reserve at 31st March, 1950, is. 289 ratings. Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve 28. The strength of this Reserve on the 31st March, 1950, was as follows

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» Officers. Ratings. Establishment. Borne. Establishment. Borne. Auckland Wellington Canterbury Otago 33 33 28 28 24 17 15 17 240 240 180 180 92 102 85 87 Totals.. 122 73 840 366

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Officers and ratings continue to show considerable keenness in sea training and 6 officers and 99 ratings from all four Divisions embarked for extended training in H.M.N.Z. ships for the period of the exercises in Australian waters during October and November, 1949. An additional 14 officers and 111 ratings underwent annual sea training during 1949-50. The Wellington, Canterbury, and Otago Divisions have made good use of the divisional motor-launch, and this form of training is again proving of great benefit to the R.N.Z.N.V.R. The Naval Board have decided that the R.N.Z.N.V.R. organization will in future l undertake the part-time training of all men entered as compulsory naval servicemen. In consequence, recruiting within the R.N.Z.N.V.R. has been greatly reduced since October, 1949. With the introduction of compulsory military training, the question of instructional staff and accommodation of the Divisions has been under review. Approval has"been given by the Government to appoint one Officer Instructor to each Division, and to date officers have been appointed to Auckland and Otago. It is hoped, as further officers become available, to make appointments to Wellington and Canterbury. At the present time the instructional staff to each Division also includes two Chief or Petty Officers who have been drafted from the Regular service. The headquarters buildings in Christchurch and Auckland are now considered to be inadequate in size to cope with the anticipated increase of numbers to be trained and the additional branches in which training is to be undertaken. The Naval Board are at present investigating the possibility of acquiring a site for new headquarters at Christchurch and extending the existing building in Auckland. Royal New Zealand Naval Supplementary Reserve 29. The strength of this Reserve on the 31st March, 1950, was 264 officers. This Reserve comprises Officers who held temporary commissions in the Navy during the late war and who desire to maintain a connection with the Royal New Zealand Navy. Members of this Reserve state they are prepared to be called up for naval service under a Royal Proclamation in the event of an emergency. Royal New Zealand Naval Emergency Reserve 30. This Reserve, which was inaugurated in 1949, is open to ratings on similar lines to the Supplementary Reserve for officers. The strength of the Reserve on 31st March, 1950, was 78. Navy League Sea Cadets 31. The Sea Cadets movement is officially recognized by the Naval Board and assistance is afforded whenever possible. During the past year a contingent of 2 officers and 16 cadets attended the Empire Sea Cadets Camp in Canada. This visit was an outstanding success, due to the hospitality shown both in camp and on tour in Canada, and the instructive variety of the tour. The New Zealand Sea Cadet Contingent distinguished itself in boat pulling and sailing. The annual summer camp for Sea Cadets was held in " Tamaki," where all facilities, including instructional staff, were made available. In January, 1950, the Auckland unit established a subdivision at King's College, and this subdivision proceeded to "Tamaki" for seven days' training whilst the remainder of the school was undergoing military instruction. Sea Scouts and Rangers 32. Assistance has again been given where possible in the form of naval instruction and organized visits to ships.

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SECTION V—CIVILIAN STAFF AND DOCKYARD WORKMEN 33. The. Public Service staff required to implement the peacetime policy of the Royal New Zealand Navy has now been determined in the majority of cases. Investigations by Public Service Commission Inspectors have resulted in permanent complements being established for Navy Office, the Dockyard, and the Armament Depot,. Kauri Point. A number of posts have been regraded, advertised, in most cases filled. This has resulted in a much better balanced staff, with a clearer picture of promotion prospects in the Department. 34. The difficulty in maintaining suitably trained staff, both in the clerical and trades group, continues to cause concern ; particularly is this so with trades and labourer groups, where, although there has been a small increase in numbers, there has not been a corresponding increase in efficiency and output. A number of the better class-tradesmen have left Dockyard employment. 35. Backyard Workers Order. —Following upon conciliation proceedings, the Government Services Tribunal issued Principal Order No. 8, governing conditions of employment for trades and labourer groups (Registered 150 employees) in the Dockyard. This Order, effective from Ist April, 1949, replaced the previous Dockyard Workers' agreement, and effected a great improvement in the procedure of dealing with claims for pay and allowances by the workmen. The terms of the Order were accepted by the workmen in a co-operative spirit, and the absence of major disputes has been gratifying. 36. Apprentices. —During the year, 13 apprentices were entered in the various trades ; 11 vacancies were not filled. Twenty-four completed their apprenticeship during the year and qualified for journeyman status. Half of these resigned from the Public Service staff and either reverted to the casual staff or took outside employment. 37. Comparative figures for civilian staffs at Wellington and Auckland are shown in Appendix IV. SECTION VI—H.M.N.Z. DOCKYARD AND NAVAL BASE DOCKYARD WORK 38. The Dockyard has had an exceptionally busy year and a major amount of overtime has been worked in order to maintain the year's programme of work. 39. Naval Vessels. —A biennial refit of H.M.N.Z.S. " Bellona," a major refit of " Hawea," and a refit of " Lachlan " to enable her to undertake her surveying duties, in addition to the normal refit periods and dockings of all H.M.N.Z. ships, launches, and miscellaneous craft, has been undertaken during the year. In addition, " Kaniere," the second frigate to undergo long refit, was taken in hand in February, 1950. The yard craft " Tuatu " was converted to a Diesel-oil tanker for fuelling small ships. On the defeat of Germany a number of German naval yachts were taken as reparations, and from these the 30 square metre " Leuchtafer " was offered by the Admiralty to the R.N.Z.N. Acceptance was made conditional on free delivery at Auckland, and freight arrangements were made and paid for by the Royal Naval Sailing Association, to whom the Naval Board are duly grateful. This yacht arrived at Auckland in July, 1949, has been refitted at the Dockyard, and renamed " Tangaika " (Maori for "spoils of war"). She is administered by ''Philomel" and in regulai use for yachting and sail training. 40. Vessels Belonging to other Government Departments. —Vessels refitted on behalf of other Government Departments included : " Matai " : Marine Department. " Maui Pomare," " Ranui " : Island Territories Department. " Alpha " : State Forest Service. " Duchess," " Golden Hind " : Works Department. " Lady Roberts II," " Bombardier " : Army Department, Control launches ; Civil Aviation.

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Work was also carried out on H.M.A.S. " Australia," H.M. Submarine " Telemachus," and " Francis Gamier " (French frigate). 41. General Work. —The normal routine maintenance of Dockyard buildings, installations, and plant was carried out, together with the manufacture, survey, and repair of various items of naval stores. 42. Work for Other Government Departments and Private Firms. —Apart from ship work, this amounted to £27,000 for some 255 jobs for Government Departments and 74 jobs valued at £5,000 mostly at the request of the Auckland Industrial Development Laboratories. The major items in this category being fabricated spans for railway bridges, the commencement of the creosoting plant for the New Zealand Forest Service, and extensive electrical work in rewinding armatures and testing equipment. This work is on a reduced scale to the previous year, due to the much increased naval commitments, which must take precedence. 43. Special Work.— Direction-finding calibration facilities have been provided for both H/F D/F and M/F D/F by the fitting of suitable equipment in the Yard tugs, which are used as calibration vessels. Erection of radar ranging marks in the Hauraki Gulf, together with suitable towers, has been investigated. Yard craft " Endeavour " completed an extensive dumping programme of over 4,000 tons of unserviceable explosive stores. Several new machine tools have been installed, the largest being a Churchill heavy-duty plane-grinder. A 400 kW. generator has also been installed in No. 1 substation as part of the equipment required to inrprove the electrical installation of the Dockyard. 44. Naval Apprentices. —Four E.R.A. apprentices were entered in January, 1950 ; one E.A. apprentice, ex-R.N., was also entered. The total number of naval apprentices is now 13, comprising 1 shipwright, 3 electrical, and 9 E.R.A.s. The results of the basic bench training given to these apprentices was shown to advantage by the display of their work during Navy Week-end and was the subject of much favourable comment. 45. Oil-fuel Installations. —Naval oil-tanks are, under agreement, being used to store furnace and Diesel fuel oil for the British Petroleum Co. of New Zealand, Ltd., and the Department's oil-barge is used to deliver fuel as required. 46. Stores. —The storage of the various items of naval, armament, and other stores required by the R.N.Z.N. is satisfactory 'and adequate stocks to cover the increased number of vessels in commission are held. G. T. MILLETT, Naval Secretary and Member, New Zealand Naval Board. 11. Lovegrove, Second Naval Member, New Zealand Naval Board. Geo. W. G. Simpson, First Naval Member, New Zealand Naval Board.

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APPENDIX I-STATE OF THE NAVY AT 31st MARCH, 1950 In Commission " Bellona " (5.0.N.Z.5.) .. Cruiser. " Taupo " .. . . "Tutira" .. '"' Pukaki " " R t iti " ' r"Frigates (one normally refitting). " Hawea " .. " Kaniere " .. " Laclilan " .. .. Frigate (survey ship). Ten motor-launches . . .. Fishery protection, training, harbour duties, survey work and R.N.Z.N.V.R. Divisions. " Arataki," " Manawanui " . . 75 ft. tugs. " Endeavour " . . .. Power lighter. Miscellaneous yard craft. " Philomel " .. .. R.N.Z.N. Depot, Auckland. " Philomel II " .. .. Navy Office, Wellington. " Tamaki " .. . . New-entry training establishment, Auckland. Naval W/T Station, Waiouru. " Maori " .. .. .. R.N.Z.N. Headquarters, London. In Reserve " Black Prince " .. . . Cruiser. ' ; Kiwi " "Tui" " Killegray " " Inchkeith " . . A/a ,, /a , , "Scarba" M/S trawlers. " Sanda " .. "Hinau" .. " Rimu " .. . . " Toia " .. .. .. " Saint " Class tug. " Tasman " .. .. Torpedo and Anti-submarine School, and Naval Base, Lyttelton. APPENDIX lI—R.N.Z.N. MOVEMENTS DURING YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1950 (i Bellona " August-November .. Hauraki Gulf, Sydney, Jervis Bay, Westernport, Melbourne, Hobart. February-March . . Hauraki Gulf, Dunedin, Lyttelton, Akaroa, Bay of Islands. " Taupo " May-August .. .. Pacific islands' cruise (Gilbert and Ellice, and Fiji Groups). September-November .. Hauraki Gulf, Sydney, Jervis Bay, Westernport, Melbourne, Hobart. March .. .. Hauraki Gulf, Akaroa (due to leave for Malta early in April).

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" Tutira " June-August .. .. Portsmouth, Gibraltar, Malta, Kythera, Port Said,, Aden, Colombo, Singapore, Darwin, Cairns, Auckland. September-December .. Hauraki G-ulf, Sydney, Jervis Bay, Melbourne, Hobart, Wellington, Campbell Islands, Macquarrie Islands. February-March .. Eussell, Hauraki Gulf, Napier, New Plymouth, Akaroa, Bay of Islands. " Pukaki " April-May .. .. Wellington, Dunedin, Campbell Islands, Bluff, Melbourne. June-August .. .. Raoul Island (Kermadecs), Pacific islands' cruise (Tonga and Fiji Groups), Matthew Island. September-November .. Hauraki Gulf, Sydney, Jervis Bay, Westernport, Melbourne, Hobart. February-March .. Hauraki Gulf, Gisborne, Nelson, Akaroa, Bay of Islands. " Rotoiti " June-August .. .. Portsmouth, Gibraltar, Malta, Crete, Port Said, Aden,, Colombo, Singapore, Darwin, Cairns, Auckland. September-December .. Hauraki Gulf, Sydney, Jervis Bay, Melbourne, Hobart, Raoul Island (Kermadecs), Nine Island. February-March .. Hauraki Gulf, Russell, Tauranga, Picton, Akaroa, Bay of Islands. " Hawea " May-August .. . - Pacific islands' cruise (Tahiti, North and South Cook Groups, Suva, Western Samoa, Raoul Island (Kermadecs) ). September-March .. Refitting at Auckland (due to leave for Malta early April). " Kaniere " May-August .. .. Pacific islands' cruise (Suva, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands, Rarotonga, North Cook Group, Apia, Raoul Island (Kermadecs) ). September-November .. Hauraki Gulf, Sydney, Jervis Bay, Melbourne, Hobart. January-March .. Refitting at Auckland. " Lachlan " October-November .. Freemantle, Sydney, Auckland Wellington. November-December .. Surveying in Cook Strait area. January-March .. Lyttelton, Dunedin, Bluff, surveying in Foveaux Strait. " Kiwi " April-December .. Training cruises from Auckland. September-October .. Whitianga, Wellington, Lyttelton, Dunedin. December .. . • Paid off into Reserve. 2—H 5

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APPENDIX III—STATE OF NAVAL PERSONNEL Officers

Ratings

APPENDIX IV—STATE OF CIVILIAN STAFF Table A—Numbers of Civilian Staff as at 31st March Over the Period of the Last Five Years

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— R.N.Z.N. R.N. W.R.N.Z.N.S. Serving on 1st April, 1949 Direct entries Promotion from lower deck On loan from R.N. and R.A.N. 145 16 3 57 27 2 1 1 Discharges 164 8 84 16 4 1 Serving on 31st March, 1950 156 68 3

— R.JST.Z.N. R.N. W.R.N.Z.N.S. Serving on 1st April, 1950 Recruits Re-entries of naval ratings Loan from R.N. and R.A.N. 1,856 164 313 127 '48 80 73 • 5 Discharges 2,333 216 175 102 158 64 Serving on 31st March, 1950 2,117 73 94

Navy Office. Auckland. Year. Male. g Male. Female. Total. T?emale. Total. Clerical. General. Apprentices. Tradesmen. 1946 49 145 194 67 191 106 364 1947 43 107 150 79 167 74 320 1948 48 79 127 72 160 69 64 365 1949 40 78 118 59 204 84 12 61 420 1950 39 80 119 58 217 72 31 55 433

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Table B—Public Service Staff Turnover for Year Ended 31st March, 1950

Table C—Civilian Workmen Employed in the Dockyard Under Public Service Regulation 150: Average Numbers Over Past Five Years

There was a high turnover in the numbers of casual workmen employed, the figure being 56 per cent. Table D—A Comparative Statement of Annual Wages Paid to Civilian Workmen £ £ 1946 .. .. 211,696 1949 .. .. 143,666 1947 .. .. 157,838 1950 .. .. 193,691 1948 .. .. 157,403

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (669 oopies), £33.

By Authority: E. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.—l9so.

Price 6d.]

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Navy Office. Auckland Male. Female Total. Male. Female. Total. Appointments 4 20 24 113 17 130 Resignations 3 16 19 76 22 98 Transfers 3 1 4 8 1 9 Services terminated 3 3 Secondments ceased Lent Deaths 1 1 3 3 Extended leave 11 11 1 1

— 1949-50. 1948-49. 1947-48. 1946-47. 1945-46. April 387 399 480 453 587 May 389 395 481 451 564 June 395 392 493 447 563 July 401 386 495 449 553 August . . 399 392 491 473 554 September 405 396 486 474 "526 October 411 405 462 464 484 November 406 411 451 466 504 December 411 405 449 463 508 January 415 407 404 465 446 February 413 400 410 465 468 March .. 423 400 405 472 454 Yearly average 405 399 458 462 517