DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (REPORT OF THE) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1950

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1950 Session I, H-11

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1950 NEW ZEALAND

DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (REPORT OF THE) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1950

Presented to Both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency

Department of Labour and Employment, Wellington, 27th June, 1950. The Hon. the Minister of Labour and Employment. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the activities of the Department of Labour and Employment during the twelve months ended 31st March, 1950. I have, &c., H. L. Bockett, Secretary of Labour and Director of Employment.

CONTENTS

Part I.—The Industrial Position Over the Twelve Months — page Section I—Employment Levels and Trends .. .. .. .. .. 3 Section 2—Current Characteristics of Industrial Welfare and Industrial Relations .. .. 5 Part II —Departmental Activities — Section I—Employment—(a) Placements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 (b) Hostels and Camps .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 (c) Training of Shearers .. . . .. .. .. .. 9 (d) Employment Promotion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 (e) Maori Employment .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 (/) Employment Advisory Committees .. .. .. .. .. ..11 Section 2—lmmigration—"(a) Administration .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..11 (b) Analysis of Immigrants .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 Section 3—Military Training Act, 1949 .. .. .. .. .. ..15

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CONTENTS—continued Section 4—lndustrial Welfare— page (a) Factories Act, 1946 .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 (b) Hygiene, Health, and Welfare in Factories .. .. .. .. .. 21 (c) Lead Process Regulations 1925 and Accumulator (Lead Process) Regulations 1940 .. 24 (d) Spray Painting Regulations 1940 .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 (e) Accidents in Industry and Accident Prevention .. .. .. 25 (/) Overtime Work in Factories .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 (g) Outworkers' Licences .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 ' (h) Juveniles in Factories .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31 (i) Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 (j) Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 (Jc) Accommodation on Farms, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 33 (I) Bush Workers Act, 1945 .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 (m) Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 .. .. .. .. 35 (n) Annual Holidays Act, 1944 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 (0) Servants' Registry Offices Act, 1908 .. .. .. .. .. 37 (p) Share-milking Agreements Act .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 Section s—lndustrial Relations—(а) The Court of Arbitration .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 (б) Conciliation Commissioners .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 (c) Registration of Industrial Associations and Unions .. .. .. 38 (d) Labour Disputes Investigation Act, 1913 .. .. .. .. 38 (e) Industrial Disputes .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 (/) Minimum Wage Act, 1945 .. .. .. .. . . .. 39 (g) Minimum Wage-rates Fixed by Awards and Industrial Agreements .. .. 39 (h) Amendments to Legislation .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 40 Section 6—Apprenticeship—(a) Administrative Developments .. .. .. .. .. 41 (b) New Zealand Apprenticeship Committees .. .. .. .. .. 41 (c) The Education of Apprentices .. . . .. .. .. .. 41 (d) Local Apprenticeship Committees .. .. .. .. .. .. 42 (e) Statistics of Apprentices .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 (/) Lodging-allowances for Apprentices .. .. .. . . .. 43 (g) Adult Apprenticeships .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 Section 7 —Home Aid Service .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 Section B—Personnel8 —Personnel Advisory Service .. .. .. .. .. 44 Section 9 —Training Within Industry for Supervisors (T.W.1.) .. .. .. 44 Section 10—International Labour Organization .. .. .. .. 46 Section 11—Other Statutes—(a) Tenancy Legislation .. .. .. .. .. • .. 49 (b) Weights and Measures Act, 1925 .. . . .. . . .. .. 50 (c) Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 Section 12—Administration and Staff — (а) General .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. 51 (б) Inspection Staff .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 51 (c) Military Training .. .. . . .. . . .. .. 51 (d) Office Accommodation .. . . .. .. .. .. 51 (e) Liaison with Health Department .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 (/) Office Inspection .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 (g) Factories Inspectors' Examination Regulations 1949 .. .. .. .. 52 (h) Staff Training .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 (1) Analysis of Staff Employed .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 Section 13 —Finance and Expenditure—(a) Vote, " Labour and Employment " .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 (b) War Expenses Account .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 Appendices— Appendix I—Statistical Tables .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 Appendix II —Returns of Industrial Associations and Industrial Unions .. .. .. 89

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REPORT

PART I—THE INDUSTRIAL POSITION OYER THE TWELVE MONTHS Section I—Employment Levels and Trends (1) Although there has been some uncertainty at times in overseas employment trends during the twelve months under review, overseas rises in unemployment levels have not been reflected in New Zealand. On the contrary, despite slowly but steadily increasing immigration, together with the natural increase in the labour force, there has been an increase in the demand for labour. (2) In the twelve months from October, 1948, to October, 1949, the labour force(inclusive of working proprietors and own-account workers) increased from 717,500 to--730,600. Most of the gain came from natural increase and immigration, but there has; also been some evidence that there have been gains from such sources as rehabilitationbursary holders, an increased number of persons remaining in industry in the upper age-groups, and the acceptance of employment by persons previously at leisure. The continuing spread of small factories to smaller centres would stimulate the last-mentioned tendency. (3) Between October, 1948, and October, 1949, the estimated size and distribution of the labour force changed as follows : October, October, 1948. 1949. (000's) (000's) (a) Primary industry .. .. .. 172-7 172-8 (b) Secondary industry (including building and construction) .. .. .. .. 221 • 6 228 • 6 (c) Transport and communication .. .. 70-7 72-5 (eZ) Distribution and finance .. .. .. 112*0 113-3 (e) Public administration and professional .. 89-9 92-2 (/) Domestic and personal services .. .. 42-5 42-6 709-4 722-0 (g) Armed Forces .. .. .. .. 8-0 8-5 (h) Unemployment .. .. .. .. 0-1 0-1 Total .. .. .. ..717-5 730-6 (4) Perhaps the most interesting feature in the above figures is the arresting of the previous downward trend in primary industries where the figures have been : October, 1946, 173-8 ; October, 1947, 173-0 ; October, 1948, 172-7 ; October, 1949, 172-8. In other respects the figures show a continuation of trends observable in the previous twelve months. Secondary industries (including building and construction) recorded the greatest expansion, 7,000 as compared with 3,600 in the preceding twelve months. (5) Despite the expansion of the labour force over all industries by some 13,000 over the twelve months, the downward trend in vacancies referred to a year ago has been reversed. Vacancies recorded in half-yearly returns of employment information at annual points over the past four years have been

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Date. Male Surveyed Vacancies. Female Surveyed Vacancies. Total Surveyed Vacancies. October, 1946 14,745 14,060 28,805 October, 1947 15,879 13,208 29,087 October, 1948 14,719 11,919 26,638 October, 1949 17,446 12,684 30,130

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(6) The distribution of vacancies geographically was as follows :

Vacancies Recorded in Half-yearly Returns, October, 1949

Vacancies Recorded in Half-yearly Returns, October, 1949, as Percentages of Labour Force Covered by Returns

(7) Manufacturing groups have made more substantial gains in surveyed labour force than was the case in the twelve months ending in October, 1948. The following table shows how the main groups have expanded between October, 1948, and October, 1949. The total gain by these groups combined amounts to some 5,600 workers.

Surveyed Labour Force in Main Manufacturing Groups

Despite a substantial gain by manufacturing industries as a whole there were some industries which revealed reductions in surveyed labour force over the same period. These are set out below :

Surveyed Labour Force in Manufacturing Industries Showing Reductions

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— Male Vacancies. Female "Vacancies. Auckland 3,720 (3,483) 3,469 (3,349) Wellington - Lower Hutt 4,675 (3,999) 3,152 (3,030) Christchurch 1,-863 (1,150) 1,623 (1,378) Dunedin 1,493 (1,079) 1,683 (1,504) Twenty-one other districts 5,695 (5,008) 2,757 (2,658) Total 17,446 (14,719) 12,684 (11,919) (October, 1948, figures shown in parentheses.)

— Males. Females. Auckland 4-9 10-9 Wellington - Lower Hutt 8-4 13-7 Christchurch 4-7 9-9 Dunedin 5-7 16-8 Other districts 4-2 5-9 New Zealand 5-2 9-9

—■ October, 1948. October, 1949. : Gain. Food, drink, and tobacco (excludes seasonal) 15,219 15,820 601 Textiles, leather, and clothing 35,799 36,669 870 Building materials and furnishings 19,424 20,063 639 Engineering and metal-working 48,365 50,629 2,264 Miscellaneous manufacturing 20,863 21,832 969 Power and water supply 8,738 9,030 292

—' October, 1948. October, 1949. Reduction. Flax, rope, and twine .. 730 607 123 Ships, engine manufacture 8,774 8,711 63 Mining (other than coal-mining) 941 784 157

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(8) In the tertiary or servicing industries very substantial gains were recorded by wholesale and retail trade and by education and related activities (including museums, art galleries, private colleges, &c.). The position in the main tertiary groups is summarized in the following table:—

Surveyed Labour Force in Selected Tertiary Industries

Although it again achieves the highest total gain, the wholesale and retail group nevertheless fell considerably short of its expansion of 2,324 during the preceding twelve months. The improvement in hospitals, although slow, is appreciable. (9) The labour force in the building and construction industry continued to rise from 39,321 in October, 1948, to 40,407 in October, 1949. The greater increase in manpower took place in the house-construction sector of the industry. (10) In afforestation, bush sawmilling, and coal-mining the gains were smaller, but all these industries continued to expand. (11) Unemployment has remained at a remarkably low level. The highest total of persons registered as unemployed occurred in July, 1949, when there were 196 men and 11 women registered. By March, 1950, the numbers had fallen away to 19 men and 2 women, the lowest figures yet recorded. Attention is drawn to Table 111 of Appendix I (see page 60) which sets out the numbers of persons placed by the Department's district offices during the twelve months. It will be observed that the total persons placed was 16,146 males and 6,047 females. (12) The rates of labour turnover per six months revealed by half-yearly returns of employment information show no change between October, 1948, and October, 1949, for surveyed industries as a whole, the rate for male labour remaining at 18 per cent, per six months and the rate for female labour at 27 per cent. (13) In the surveyed industries (the main exclusion being farming) the weekly payout in wages and salaries, including overtime and bonus earnings and covering juveniles and adults and males and females, was £3,632,663 in respect of 450,104 employees in October, 1949. This represents a per capita pay-out at an average of £8 Is. sd. The comparable figure for October, 1948, was £7 7s. 9d. (14) The employment position has lost none of its buoyancy over the twelve months here reviewed. The increased vacancies recorded by employers indicate the optimism of industry regarding markets for its goods and services, and also reflect the easing of supply difficulties during the period. Section 2—Current Characteristics op Industrial Welfare and Industrial Kelations (1) A further increase in the number of factories in New Zealand and the number of factory workers is recorded. Eegistered factories increased by 546 to reach a total of 20,246 at 31st March, 1950. Employment in factories then covered 131,726 males

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— October, 1948. October, 1949. Gain. Rail transport 21,734 21,934 200 Post and Telegraph 16,052 16,905 853 Wholesale and retail trade 75,142 76,821 1,679 Hospitals 18,790 19,273 483 Education and related activities 18,347 19,737 1,390 Government Administration* 18,413 18,651 238 Hotels and catering 17,329 17,340 11 Insurance, banking, and financial 11,749 12,218 469 * Excludes non-tertiary activities such as coal-mining, construction, <ftc., and also excludes activities covered in othe groups such as hospitals, education, insurance, post and telegraph, railways.

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and 38,851 females. An interesting feature is the increase in the number of female workers. The number of females employed in factories reached a peak figure of 39,042 in 1945, dropped sharply in the following year to 37,663, and then declined gradually to 36,336 at 31st March, 1949. The recent increase is partly a result of new factories being started in the smaller towns. Government factories are not included in the above figures, reference to them being made elsewhere in the report. (2) Factory inspections during the year under review totalled 15,422, as compared with 13,037 in the previous year. (3) During the course of inspections matters affecting the health, safety, and welfare of workers are regarded as of paramount importance. Working-conditions and amenities in factories may be said to be improving, but despite the fact that many employers are very willing to effect improvements the matter is still dependent on the availability of building-materials and labour. With improved supply, the Department is insisting on fuller compliance with the requirements of the Act regarding accommodation and amenities. (4) Consideration is being given to the question of amenities provided for workers engaged on " outside " undertakings with a view to seeing whether some suitable standard can be determined. At present some provision is made for these workers in various awards, but, in the main, the amenities are considerably below the requirements in respect of factory workers. Circumstances vary considerably, however, and the introduction of one set of conditions for universal adoption presents difficulties. (5) The establishment within the Health Department of an Industrial Hygiene Division in 1947 and the appointment of District Industrial Medical Officers has been of immense value to the Department of Labour and Employment. There is the fullest co-operation between the officers of the two Departments and no overlapping of activity. (6) The extent and effects of industrial accidents are not fully appreciated by the general public. The time lost through accidents is considerably greater than is generally realized. This reflects itself in lowered production, which in these times of acute shortages has some effect on the national economy. The ultimate effect is dearer consumer goods, not to mention the reduced earning-power of the individual worker concerned. This is quite apart from the toll in human lives and suffering. In 1947, 1,056,222 days were lost through industrial accidents. This figure, however, does not include time lost in such industries as agricultural and pastoral work, transport (excluding railways), building and construction (apart from public works and that within the scope of the Scaffolding and Excavation Act), and many others. The Department is, therefore, paying increasing attention to this problem and is endeavouring by various means to promote a sense of safety-consciousness in industry. Prevention of accidents is to the mutual advantage of both employers and workers. (7) During the year under review the Department arranged with the Order of St. John for a number of classes in first-aid training for bush and sawmill workers. These have proved to be very successful, and the Dominion executive of the Order of St. John proposes to extend the service to the whole of the sawmilling industry in New Zealand. (8) Industrial disturbances received considerable publicity during the year under review, but collectively they were not exceptional when compared with previous years or disputes in other countries. There were 113 stoppages during the year as compared with 112 for the previous year. They were localized and mostly of very short duration. A number were merely unauthorized stop-work meetings of workers. Conciliation Commissioners brought the parties to complete agreement in 107 cases as compared with 131 in the previous year. In only one case was no agreement reached. Meetings of disputes committees set up under the provisions of awards numbered 33, as compared with 24 in the previous year.

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(9) The Industrial Relations Act, 1949, was passed during the year with a view to eliminating the causes of industrial unrest and improving employer-employee relations. Existing legislation, while nearly always successful in settling disputes, is deficient in that it provides machinery for calling the parties together only when a dispute is actually in existence. The Industrial Relations Act, 1949, provides a new approach. It makes provision for the setting-up of Industrial Advisory Councils comprising representatives of employers and workers, also other persons for their expert or specialist knowledge. The functions of the Councils are to inquire into and make reports and recommendations to the Minister of Labour on any matters likely to improve industrial relations and industrial welfare. Such matters may include various payment schemes, the health and safety of the workers, the provision of amenities, and the establishment of employeremployee organizations. (10) There has been considerable evidence during the year of the effectiveness of Training Within Industry as a management-training approach to problems of making the best use of the available labour force and of promoting better industrial relations within the working-group. There has been an increasing demand for the programmes presented by the Training Within Industry Service, stimulated by results achieved in organizations now using the Training Within Industry method of on-the-job instruction. This has followed the successful adaptation of the scheme, originally introduced to increase production in large-scale industry overseas, to the small establishments characteristic of New Zealand conditions. (11) A brief summary of the activities of the Industrial Welfare and Industrial Relations Divisions of the Department shows that greater interest is being taken in healthier and safer working-conditions, and more amicable relations between employers and workers. Far-seeing employers appreciate the very real benefits to be gained therefrom. Healthy and safe conditions of work and the provision of amenities for the workers' comfort and welfare improve morale and this in its turn improves relations between the parties. Industrial disturbances are often based on discontent. The removal of the causes of disputes is a step towards the elimination of stoppages and the resultant loss of production. PART lI—DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES Section I—Employment (a) Placements (1) The year 1949 has been similar to preceding years in that the demand for labour has continued to exceed the supply. This is reflected in the accumulation of 22,299 unsatisfied vacancies notified by the Department's clients at 31st March, 1950. (On 15th April, 1950, the total vacancies recorded in the half-yearly survey numbered 33,881.) (2) Under such circumstances, the placement service is faced with the problem of doing everything possible to meet the most urgent needs of industry. Efficient and prompt placement of workers seeking employment minimizes the loss in production caused by labour turnover and reduces the loss in earnings by workers in changing from one job to another. At the same time, by drawing the attention of workers particularly to the vacancies in key industries, much is done to condition the flow of labour to those industries where it is most urgently needed. Table IV of Appendix I shows the success achieved in this direction in relation to the 22,193 persons placed in employment during the year. (3) There are several functions of the Employment Service of this Department which are of special importance under conditions of labour shortage. There is, as already mentioned, the continuous matching of persons seeking work with vacancies available, with the objects of reducing time lost between jobs, placing the worker where he is likely to give the best service in relation to his capacities, and, as far as possible, encouraging a flow of labour to those industries most in need. Coupled with this is the exchange of

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information from district to district concerning vacancies and labour available. In this connection a clearing-house system is operated which, for example, secures labour for seasonal work in Nelson from all over New Zealand and which enables vacancies on hydro-construction works to be filled from any district where there may be workers interested in accepting such employment. Accommodation has played an important part in providing labour in some industries and localities, but closely related aspects of departmental activity such as accommodation and immigration are dealt with separately in other sections of this report. (4) The fact that an average of only 92 workers was disengaged and seeking employment—i.e., enrolled with the Department for employment—during the year, reflects the speed with which placements were effected. Only 21 persons remained enrolled as disengaged persons seeking employment at the 31st March, 1950. (5) The 16,146 placements of men during the year included 282 who were semiemployable or who were over sixty years of age. The placement of semi-employable or disabled men constitutes an important responsibility of the Employment Service. The exploration by the Department of every possible avenue of suitable employment for these persons has been assisted by the sympathy and interest of employers, who have readily co-operated in making available such employment opportunities. (6) The labour demands of fruit, hop, and tobacco growers and for seasonal work in dairy and other farming as well as for manufacturing industries handling seasonal produce —viz., meat-freezing, dairy factories, and fruit and vegetable preserving—have received the closest attention of the Department, and considerable success has been achieved in assisting these industries. (b) Hostels and Camps (1) The provision of hostel and camp accommodation for industrial workers has been one aspect of the Department's function of improving the availability of labour in centres and industries where the need is greatest. As a result, the greatest concentration of hostels and camps is to be found in the Wellington and Lower Hutt districts followed by Auckland, the coal-mining areas, and in Christchurch and Dunedin. (2) Twenty-seven establishments are in operation providing accommodation for 3,175 workers of the following types : Industrial workers in selected industries. Immigrant workers. Miners. Male and female junior staff in the Public Service. Home aids. (3) The industrial workers' camps in Auckland, Wellington, and Lower Hutt originated during the war years and arose out of the inadequacy of accommodation to meet the influx of hundreds of workers who were directed from country districts or secondary towns to the main industrial centres. They have now a capacity for some 1,400 workers who would otherwise have been unable to transfer to the main industrial areas. The immigration hostels are maintained to ensure the smooth functioning of the immigration scheme. They are essentially transit accommodation and immigrants are expected to find private accommodation within a reasonable time after arrival. The hostels are necessary not only to accommodate immigrants until they can find other accommodation but also to facilitate a satisfactory allocation from the immigration drafts to the various centres. (5) Hostels for workers in coal-mines have been established at Huntly, Ohura, Granity, Reefton, and Ohai.

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(6) The difficulty in maintaining adequate staffing in the Public Service in Wellington, particularly in the case of typists and cadets, has been aggravated by the lack of private accommodation and the Department has endeavoured to relieve the situation by providing hostel accommodation for staff transferred to Wellington. An additional hostel for male cadets was opened in Wellington during the past year. (7) The Department is grateful for the co-operation and assistance given by the Y.W.C.A. in operating on behalf of the Department, two hostels in Wellington and the Hutt Yalley. These hostels for industrial workers were originally opened during the war years and have continued to be sucessfully operated by the Y.W.C.A. to accommodate women employed in selected industries of importance in the districts. (8) A summary of the various hostels and camps in operation at the 31st March, i 950, together with the residential capacities of each, is shown in the following table :

(c) Training of Shearers . (1) The scheme inaugurated during the 1947-48 shearing season to encourage young men to learn shearing was reviewed prior to the commencement of the 1949-50 season. Experience had shown that while a substantial number of young men had volunteered for tuition, farmers were willing to take only a proportion of these as learners in their sheds. Reports from districts indicated that the shortage of shearers so noticeable in previous seasons, particularly in the South Island, was much less apparent during the 1948-49 season. This improvement was attributed to the return of ex-shearers to the industry encouraged by the increased shearing-rates, the beneficial effect of the training scheme, and to a small influx of Australian shearers.

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Camps and Hostels. District. Capacity. Industrial workers' camps (males) — Waikaraka Park .. .. .. Mangere (Maoris) .. .. .. Hataitai .. .. .. .. Winter Show .. ., .. Petone .. .. .. .. Industrial workers' hostels (females) — Hanson's Lane .. .. .. .. wtb™}°p eratedb y T - w - c - A Immigration hostels — St. Kilda .. VauxKall Wigram (combined) Fort Dorset .. ... .. North Head Narrow Neck Public Service hostels — Oriental Bay Antrim House Hobson Street 117 Tinakori Road Mechanics Bay (operated by Post and Telegraph Department. Public Service allocation, 24 beds) Home aid hostels— 146 Dominion Road 175 Vivian Street Miners' hostels— Reefton Huntly Granity Ohura Ohai Auckland .. .. ! Wellington .. .. „ Hutt Valley .. .. Christchurch .. /Wellington .. .. \ Hutt Valley Dunedin Christchurch Wellington .. Auckland .. " Wellington Auckland Auckland Wellington West Coast Waikato Buller Taumarunui Invercargill M. F. 420 107 250 228 413 29 80 264 150 38 109 24 86 172 140 138 98 42 55 20 24 10 15 51 94 14 54 50

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(2) The New Zealand Wool Board, with a view to ensuring a steady stream of new shearers, decided to continue during the 1949-50 season subsidizing learners attending classes arranged by technical schools. The major scheme whereby learners were placed in farmers' sheds during actual shearing operations was allowed to lapse. (3) Technical-school classes could be arranged by the Christchurch and Temuka schools only. Twenty learners were placed at these two classes by the Department and all qualified for the New Zealand Wool Board's subsidy of £3 per week during the course. In addition, the Department co-operated with Federated Farmers of New Zealand in the placing of learners at the latter's training class at Lumsden where 11 men were trained. (4) All the learners who attended the technical schools were placed in full-time employment as shearers at the conclusion of their course and were reported upon favourably by farmers. (d) Employment Promotion (1) During the twelve months ended 31st March, 1950, the number of seasonal workers unable to find employment immediately after the termination of their seasonal employment, was slightly higher than during past years. The Department was, however, able to find suitable employment for these workers, and at no time during the year was there any significant number of unemployed. (2) In only six districts did there arise employment problems requiring special action on the part of the Department. These districts were Gisborne, Hastings, New Plymouth, Wanganui, Blenheim, and Timaru. (3) Apart from the employment promotion activities of the Department for seasonal workers, an employment promotion scheme, known as Scheme 13, is operated continuously in several districts throughout the country. The men engaged on Scheme 13 are mostly fit for light work only and are located in districts where employment opportunities are limited. They are allocated to local bodies and their wages are subsidized by the Department to bring their earnings up to the award rate for the type of work performed. (4) At the 31st March, 1950, 184 men were employed under the scheme, 31 being single and 153 married. The corresponding numbers employed at 31st March, 1949, were 33 single and 170 married men. The Department makes every effort to place these men in suitable permanent employment, and encouragement is given to private employers to employ them. (e) Maori Employment (1) The restricted opportunities for employment of Maoris in some of the more remote areas in relation to the rapidly increasing Maori population has given the Department much concern. During the year planning to ensure the continued absorption of Maoris into full employment has continued. The Maori Education and Employment Committee, established in 1948, consisting of representatives of the Departments of Maori Affairs, Industries and Commerce, Education, Works, New Zealand Forest Service, and Labour and Employment keeps closely in touch with present and future employment needs of the Maori people. (2) The Committee has during the past year been concerned in particular with the placement of school-leavers in suitable employment. In certain areas openings for juveniles are restricted, and unless these young people can be brought to industrial centres they will lack the opportunities of establishing themselves in permanent work. The Committee therefore recommended the provision of hostels for Maori youths in selected areas, and Government has since agreed to set up such units, initially in Wellington, Auckland, and Rotorua. The Committee considers that selected young Maoris could, through the existence of such hostels, be placed in positions where they will have employment opportunities equal to those of European youths.

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(3) The development of centres of Maori population by the introduction of new primary and secondary industries, or by the expansion of existing industries, is a possibility at present being examined, and every effort is being made to encourage manufacturers to set up units in these places. (/) Employment Advisory Committees (1) Local Employment Advisory Committees are in existence in the following industries and locations :

(2) During the year these Committees have dealt chiefly with matters relating to the selection and allocation of immigrants. The employment situation has been such as to entail few problems for the Committees to deal with. A number of Committees have, however, reviewed the local-employment position from time to time and have kept the Department advised on the local situation. (3) National Employment Advisory Committees have been set up in the following industries : Baking trades, clothing, freezing-works, printing, and tramways. (4) By agreement with members, National Committees are called together only at the request of members or when the Department has any matter of importance which it desires to discuss with representatives of the industry concerned. On many minor issues, advice is obtained by consultation with members without formally bringing the full Committee together. The Department derives considerable advantage from the assistance and advice of Committees, particularly on immigration matters and on local employment conditions. Section 2—lmmigration (a) Administration (1) During the past year 2,365 men and women arrived in New Zealand under the assisted immigration scheme, while priority passages were arranged for a further 1,498 selected immigrants paying their own fares. The basic eligibility requirements for assisted migrants were not amended during the year, although the occupational categories were extended or amended in certain cases and the possibility of extending the scope of the scheme has recently been receiving consideration. (2) The nomination scheme has continued to attract attention and during the year ended 31st March, 1950, a total of 823 nominations was received. (3) The Immigration Branch of the High Commissioner's Office has found that it is increasingly difficult to obtain adequate numbers of suitable unmarried females and of

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Industry. Location of Committees. Baking Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. Building Auckland, Blenheim, Dunedin, Gisborne, Invercargill, Masterton, New Plymouth, Palmerston North, Timaru, Wanganui, and Whangarei. Clothing Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. Engineering Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch. Footwear Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. Auckland, Gisborne, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. Freezing Furniture Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. Motor Trades Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. Printing ' Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. Road Transport Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. Tramways Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin.

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skilled tradesmen. An indication of the effort necessary to obtain the comparatively small number of migrants finally selected to come to New Zealand during the year is given in the following table which summarizes the year's work of the branch—

(4) Of those remaining under action at the end of the year, 555 men and women had been interviewed and selected and were awaiting embarkation or medical examination. In addition, 1,997 persons who appeared on paper to be suitable were awaiting interview at the end of the year. (5) Male applicants continued to outnumber female applicants, but over more recent months the tendency has been for the numbers of women offering to show a slight increase, and during the year 801 women arrived in New Zealand under the immigration scheme to undertake work in essential occupations. (6) Applications from unskilled males have continued to come forward freely, but fully-qualified unmarried tradesmen have been difficult to recruit and it appears that this will continue until the scheme can be extended to married workers. (7) The Immigration Advisory Council has continued to afford valuable advice and guidance to the Department and has met on five occasions to discuss the more important matters of policy. Individual members have devoted a considerable amount of time to the work as members of sub-committees and in contacts with various organizations interested in immigration. (8) The initial placement of new settlers in employment in New Zealand is arranged with the co-operation of Employment Advisory Committees, whose assistance has been most valuable. These Committees are comprised of workers' and employers' representatives within each major industry so that they are well equipped to advise upon matters connected with the absorption of new settlers within particular industries. (9) The Immigration Welfare Committees which have been established throughout the country have continued to carry out very good work in connection with the social welfare of all immigrants. Local associations of new settlers have been further developed during the year and have been very successful in organizing social and recreational activities for their members. (10) During the year the scheme of child migration has continued to function successfully and 169 selected British children, between the ages of five and seventeen, have been transported to New Zealand at Government expense and placed under the guardianship of the Superintendent of Child Welfare with New Zealand families. It has been found that a greater proportion of the children offering under this scheme have been in the older age-group. Although these children are more difficult to place than younger children, suitable homes have been found by the Child Welfare Division, and reports indicate that the children generally are settling in well with their foster-parents. The Overseas League has continued to interest itself in this scheme and assists in the selection of children in the United Kingdom. (11) In June, 1949, 941 displaced persons who had been selected by a New Zealand Mission in Europe arrived in this country for resettlement. These persons were all •eligible for assistance from the International Refugee Organization which arranged for their transport by sea from Europe to New Zealand. Upon arrival the group were placed

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— Males. Females. Total. Total applications under action as at 1st April, 1949, and 7,081 1,959 9,040 received during year Applications lapsed, voluntary withdrawals, persons outside 3,684 439 4,123 present scope of scheme, unsuitable, &c. Total sailed during year 1,564 801 2,365 Total remaining under action, 31st March, 1950 1,833 719 2,552

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in a reception camp at Pahiatua where they remained for a period until they were in a position to take their place in the usual life of the community, at which stage they were transferred to districts where suitable employment and accommodation was available for them. Generally speaking, it was found that these people showed a genuine appreciation of what had been done for them and a real desire to play their full part in rehabilitating themselves and ultimately obtaining New Zealand citizenship. (12) Arrangements have now been completed with the International Kefugee Organization to accept a further draft of 1,000 displaced persons for resettlement in New Zealand, and a selection mission left for Europe at the end of March, 1950, to undertake the selection of these persons. Subject to availability, this draft will consist of the following categories : 200 widows up to fifty years of age with one child, for employment as domestic or factory workers .. .. .. .. 400 50 families : men up to forty-six years of age, wife, and one child of school-age. (Men for farm-work and wives to assist in employers' homes) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 150 200 married couples without children. (Men up to fifty-five years of age for employment as building tradesmen) .. .. .. 400 50 single men or women up to sixty years of age. (Men for employment as kitchen hands, orderlies, gardeners, &c., and women as domestics in institutions) .. .. .. .. .. 50 1,000 (b) Analysis of Immigrants (1) A total of 1,564 males and 801 females arrived in New Zealand under the assisted immigration scheme during the year ended 31st March, 1950. The transport of these persons has been confined almost entirely to the " Atlantis," which made three trips during the year. The berths available to the New Zealand Government on commercial vessels have been allocated to selected migrants paying their own fares, a large proportion of these being family groups. The provision of priority passages to married persons desiring to settle in New Zealand is made only to those who have suitable accommodation available for them in New Zealand. In the main, persons who arrived in this country on priority passages are persons with specialist, technical, or trade capabilities. Berths for fare-paying migrants allocated during the last year totalled 1,498, comprising 440 men, 550 women, and 508 children. Details of all permanent arrivals and departures whether Government assisted or not are shown in Table VIII of Appendix I (see page 67). (2) A large proportion of the male Government-assisted immigrants are placed in primary industry and on hydro-electric development schemes where accommodation is provided. In the same way the majority of female immigrants are employed in hospitals and in other work where accommodation is also available. For those immigrants in other occupations where accommodation is not provided on the job and for whom private board is not immediately available, special immigration hostels have been provided in the four main centres. Consideration is now being given to the provision of additional hostel accommodation for assisted immigrants. The appeals made through district offices for private board for assisted immigrants who are engaged in work where accommodation is not provided on the job have been quite satisfactory, and as at 31st March, 1950, only 10 per cent, of all Government-assisted immigrants still under contract were accommodated in hostels.

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jST 7 ' (3) Assisted immigrants have been selected for work covering a wide range of productive and servicing occupations, and they have made a valuable addition to the labour force of this country. A detailed list showing the occupations and numbers of assisted immigrants who have arrived during the past year appears in Table X of Appendix I (see page 68). The following table shows briefly the industries in which assisted immigrants have taken up employment: —

(4) The following table shows the provinces in which assisted immigrants who arrived in New Zealand during the last year have settled : Auckland .. .. • • 620 Nelson .. .. 18 Hawke's Bay .. . • 44 Westland .. .. 31 Taranaki .. .. ..39 Canterbury .. ..408 Wellington .. .. • • 892 Otago .. .. 242 Marlborough .. .. 25 Southland .. .. 46 In order to satisfy migrants' wishes and so help towards their satisfactory settlement, every effort is made to place them in the district for which they have expressed a preference so that the geographical distribution of immigrants is governed to a certain extent by the preferences of the immigrants themselves. (5) During the past year a further selection mission proceeded to Indonesia to select special categories of Dutch servicemen who were being demobilized from the Royal Netherlands Indonesian Army and who were desirious of resettling in New Zealand. The ultimate response to the invitation to resettle in this country was not as good as had been originally estimated by the Dutch authorities, but the mission finally selected a total of 324 single Dutch nationals. Of this number 217 men were accepted for farmwork, 63 for work connected with State hydro-electric construction, and the balance will be employed in essential productive and servicing industries. The earlier draft of Dutch farm-workers totalling 94 who arrived in this country in November, 1949, have proved themselves to be excellent workers.

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Industrial Group. Males. Females. Farming Forestry and sawmilling Coal-mining 135 48 28 4 Total, primary industry 211 4 Textiles, clothing, and leather Engineering and metals Printing Building and construction Miscellaneous secondary 54 262 17 239 666 83 14 15 *68 Total, secondary industry 1,238 180 Post and Telegraph Domestic and personal services (including cooks and domestics for hospitals and hostels) Hospital staff (excluding cooks and domestics) .. Other tertiary 35 19 14 47 16 138 217 246 Total, tertiary industry 115 617 Total, all industries 1,564 801

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(6) The final composition of the draft of displaced persons from Europe which arrived in New Zealand in June, 1949, is set out hereunder : 104 widows with one child .. .. 208 101 families .. .. .. .. 339 Elderly persons .. .. .. 97 Single men .. .. .. .. 162 Single women .. .. .. . - 129 Orphan children .. .. .. .. 6 941 Section 3—Military Training Act, 1949 (1) Early in 1949 the question of compulsory military training became a very live issue and the Government decided to take a referendum on the question. This referendum was taken on 3rd August, 1949, and resulted in an overwhelming majority for compulsory military training, the voting being : for the scheme, 534,031 ; against, 160,998. (2) Legislative authority for the implementation of the compulsory military training scheme is contained in the Military Training Act, 1949, which was passed on the 20th October, 1949. After full investigation and consideration of the administrative procedure adopted in the United Kingdom where the Ministry of Labour and National Service is responsible for the registration, medical examination, and calling-up of persons liable for service, it was decided that a similar procedure should be followed in New Zealand. The Military Training Act, 1949, accordingly places on the Department of Labour and Employment the responsibility for the general administration of the military training scheme up to the stage that those liable are made available to the Services for calling up and training. This differs from the procedure in force in New Zealand during the late war, when the responsibility for medical examination was entrusted to the Department of Health which was assisted administratively by the military authorities. (3) The principal provisions of the Act are : (i) Persons Liable Under the Act. —The Act imposes a liability for service in the Armed Forces on male British subjects who are ordinarily resident in New Zealand and who attain the age of eighteen years on or after the Ist November, 1949. Certain classes of persons, as specified below are not liable to be called up for service. (ii) Persons Who Are Not Liable for Service. —The following persons are not liable for service nor to register under the Act:— (a) A person whose presence in New Zealand is occasioned solely by reason of the fact that he is employed in the service of a Government of a Commonwealth country other than New Zealand. (b) A regular minister of any religious denomination, or a regular member of any religious order. (Note.—Theological students are not exempted from registration.) (c) A mental defective. (d) A person who is totally blind. (e) A person in receipt of an invalid's benefit. (iii) Periods of Service. —Persons to whom the Act applies are liable to be called up to serve in the Armed Forces for — (a) Fourteen weeks' whole-time service ; and thereafter, (b) Three years' part-time service. Upon completion of whole-time and part-time service, a person is posted to the Reserve for six years.

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I:.. (iv) Part-time Service.—Upon completion of whole-time service, a person is liable for three years' part-time service with the branch of the Forces with which he performed whole-time service. Part-time service consists of twenty days' training each year, which is partly in-camp training and partly week-end or night parades. (v) Registration.—Every person liable for service under the Act—i.e., every person who attains the age of eighteen on or after the Ist November, 1949—is required to make application for registration either in the military service register or in the register of conscientious objectors. A certificate of registration is issued to all persons who register. (vi) Time Within Which Registration Must be Effected. —Application for registration must be made within fourteen days of becoming liable for service—i.e., within fourteen days of attaining the age of eighteen years. (vii) Offence to Fail to Register.—lt is an offence under the Act to fail to make application for registration. ' (viii) Early Registration and Call-up.—Any person who has attained the age of seventeen years and six months and would, but for his age, be liable for service under the Act may apply for early registration and calling up. If there is sufficient reason for the application, the person will be registered and will thereafter be liable to be called up for service notwithstanding that he may not have attained the age of eighteen years. This provision will enable persons upon leaving school to undertake whole-time 'service before commencing studies or training for industry. (ix) Preference for a Particular Service. —Persons may at the time of registration express a preference for service in the Navy or Air Force. The requirements of the Navy and Air Force are limited, and no undertaking can be given that every person can be accepted for the Service for which he has expressed a preference. (x) Medical Examination. —As soon as possible after registration, every person receives written notice requiring him to present himself for medical examination. X-ray examination usually takes place before the physical examination is made, so that generally every person is required to attend on two occasions before the examination is completed. Medical Boards are held in centres throughout New Zealand, and men are allowed reasonable expenses and allowances for their attendance. Those who are found to be medically acceptable for service receive an enlistment notice. Those who are found to be medically unacceptable receive notice to this effect giving brief details of their disability to enable them to seek medical advice if they so desire. (xi) Enlistment Notice.- —Every person who is found to be medically acceptable for service is issued with an enlistment notice, which states that he has been enlisted in the Armed Force specified in the notice and is liable to be called up for service with that Force. On the day on which the notice is served the person is deemed to be a member of the Armed Force specified. If a person liable desires to make application for postponement of service he must do so within fourteen days of the date of service of an enlistment notice. (xii) Postponement of Service. —No one can be exempted from liability to be called up for service, but any person who has received an enlistment notice may apply for postponement of his liability on the ground of undue hardship. No right to apply for postponement on the ground of public interest has been provided. (xiii) Dates of Call Up or Training.—The following are the months each year in which the various Services will call persons up for full-time service : Navy : January, May, September. Army : January, May. Air Force : January, May, September. The dates have been designed to meet the requirements of those who by reason of studies or occupation may prefer to render service in either the summer or winter months.

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The January camps will be more suitable for University students, whereas the winter camps will be more suitable for those engaged in the farming industry or in seasonal occupations. (xiv) Calling-up Notices.—A person who has received an enlistment notice and has not made application for postponement, or whose period of postponement has expired, receives at least fourteen days' notice calling him up for service and requiring him to report on a specified date at a specified training establishment. Where necessary, a travelling warrant is enclosed. On receipt of a calling-up notice a person is required to notify his employer. (xv) Reinstatement in Civil Employment. —A person who is required to render service under the Act is deemed to have been granted leave of absence by his employer for the period of such service. Upon completion of service the employer is compelled to resume the employment of the worker in his former occupation and on terms not less favourable than those which would have applied had he not undertaken service. (xvi) Prohibition of Dismissal of Workers. —It is an offence for an employer to dismiss ■a worker solely or mainly by reason of any duties or liabilities for training under the Act—(a) Before the commencement of a worker's whole-time service. (b) By reason of his being liable for training during part-time service. (c) During any period of service or training or within thirteen weeks after wholetime service. The employer is liable to a penalty of £lOO and to pay compensation for loss of wages to the worker not exceeding thirteen weeks' pay. (xvii) Rate of Remuneration. —A worker who is required to undertake service or -training under the Act is entitled to the normal increments in pay that he would have received had he not been required to undertake service. (xviii) Holidays.—An employer is not obliged to count the period of a worker's fourteen weeks' whole-time service as time served in employment for purposes of a worker's annual holidays. An employer cannot require a worker to take his annual holiday during any period of service or training. (xix) Apprentices.—Contracts of apprenticeship are deemed to be suspended during any period of service or training, so that no wages are payable for that period, but time lost by the apprentice by reason of the service or training is to be counted as time served under the contract for the purpose of computing the period of apprenticeship and the rate of wages of the apprentice. (xx) The Conscientious Objector. —Any person who claims to be a conscientious objector may apply for registration in the register of conscientious objectors instead of in the military service register. (xxi) Grounds of Objection. —A conscientious objector may object—(a) To serving with the Armed Forces. (b) To performing combatant duties. (xxii) How and When Application to be Made. —Application is to be made in the manner and at the time prescribed for registration for service in the Armed Forces. Application must be made within fourteen days of attaining the age of eighteen years. Any person, notwithstanding that he may have registered in the military service register, whose conscience in relation to military service undergoes a change, may apply for registration as a conscientious objector at any time. (xxiii) Provisional Registration.—All persons who apply for registration as conscientious objectors receive a certificate of provisional registration. Provisional registration is effective only until the case is considered by the Conscientious Objection Committee.

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(xxiv) Hearing by Conscientious Objection Committee.—To maintain uniformity in the determination of applications by conscientious objectors, one Committee only lias been established with jurisdiction over the whole of New Zealand. (xxv) Unconditional Registration.—Those who are ordered by the Objection Committee to be registered unconditionally are not required to undertake service, but may, for 158 days, which is the equivalent of the period of active service required under the Act, be required to make payments to the Social Security Fund to ensure that their financial position is no better than if they were serving as privates in the Army. (xxvi) Non-combatant Service.—Persons who are ordered to be registered as liable to be called up for service but to be employed only in non-combatant duties shall be employed in the Armed Forces only in non-combatant duties. (xxvii) Effect of Dismissal of Application.—Where an application is dismissed by the Conscientious Objection Committee, the provisional registration of the applicant in the register of conscientious objectors is cancelled, and the applicant is registered in the military service register. Thereafter he is liable to perform the service required of those registered in that register. (xxviii) Change in Register of Conscientious Objectors.—Any person who is a registered conscientious objector may at any time apply to the Director of Employment in writing—(a) For the removal of his name from the register of conscientious objectors and for his registration in the military service register; or (b) For his registration in the register of conscientious objectors as a person liable to be called up for service but to be employed only in non-combatant duties. (xxix) Employment of Unregistered Persons.—The obligation is placed upon employers to ensure that all persons in their employ who are liable for service have in fact registered or have applied for registration. (xxx) Persons Desiring to Leave New Zealand.—No person who is liable for registration, or who is registered or enlisted for service, may leave the Dominion before completion of his part-time service without first obtaining the consent of the Director of Employment. (xxxi) False Statements. —Any person who, in giving any information for the purpose of the Act, with intent to deceive, makes any false or misleading statement or any material omission commits an offence under the Act, rendering him liable to the penalties prescribed. (4) It will be seen that the first step required of persons liable under the Act is to register. Eegistration is effected at one of the Department's district offices, which thereafter is responsible for the medical examination of registrants, the enlistment into the Forces of those found acceptable, and for the disposal of applications for postponement of service either administratively under special statutory authority, or by way of hearing before Military Service Postponement Committees. Those who are available for service are then listed to the Service authorities for calling up and training. (5) The Act provides for the establishment of a Medical Committee to advise the Minister in the exercise of his functions under the Act in relation to medical examination. This Committee consists of the Directors of Medical Services of the Navy, Army, and Air Force ; a representative of the British Medical Association and of the Department of Health, and the Director of Employment who is Chairman. The Committee was duly constituted, and submitted to the Minister nominations of medical practitioners for appointment as Regional Medical Officers. The Committee also issued a handbook of instructions on the PULHEEMS system of medical examination for the guidance of Medical Boards, and determined the standard of acceptability for service. The Regional Medical Officers were responsible for organizing in their districts, locations, equipment, and facilities for x-r,ay, visual, and physical examinations, and for nominating suitable medical practitioners for appointment to Medical Boards which were duly constituted. The New Zealand Institute of Opticians organized throughout the country the personnel and equipment necessary for visual examinations.

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(6) With the ready co-operation of the medical profession, opticians, hospitals, and service authorities, initial difficulties in organizing Medical Boards have been overcome, and medical examinations are now proceeding smoothly and with the minimum of travelling and loss of time on the part of the recruits. (7) Special appreciation is due to the Red Cross and the Order of St. John's Priory in New Zealand for the voluntary assistance rendered by those organizations in providing orderlies and assistants at medical boardings. (8) Up to the 31st March, 1950, 4,800 had applied for registration, and 3,378 youths had been medically examined, of whom 76-3 per cent, were found to be medically acceptable for service. Having regard to the high standard set under the system of examination which has been adopted, this result is considered satisfactory. (9) The Department of Health is maintaining statistics on the results of medical examinations, and this should provide valuable information on the general standard of the health of the youth of the nation. Persons who are found to be medically unacceptable for service are advised of their disabilities. It is hoped that this procedure will lead to those suffering from remediable complaints seeking early treatment. (10) Five hundred and sixty-three applications for postponement of service have been received, 345 of which are from students of all categories who are seeking postponement by reason of interruption to their studies. Fifty applications for registration in the register of conscientious objectors have so far been received. The Conscientious Objection Committee has been appointed and will commence operations in May. (11) Present estimates indicate that sufficient numbers to meet the requirements of the Services for the first call up in May next will be available. Section 4—lndustrial Welfare (a) Factories Act, 1946 (1) During the year the Act was amended by section 15 of the Statutes Amendment Act, 1949, to allow Inspectors of Quarries to be appointed as Inspectors of Factories for purposes of inspection of factories situated in or about quarries. (2) Tables XI and XII of Appendix I show the figures of registered factories and the numbers of persons employed in each district and in each major industrial group. The total number of registered factories at 31st March, 1950, was 20,246, compared with 19,700, at 31st March, 1949, an increase of 546. The increase in the number of factory workers over the twelve months was 3,378 males, and 2,515 females, a total increase of 5,893. (In order to keep them comparable with previous years these figures do not include Government-owned factories totalling 327 and employing 11,965 workers of whom 190 were females. Such factories were not subject to registration before the passing of the 1946 Act.) The growth of New Zealand's manufacturing industries, noted in previous years, has continued over the past twelve months, and despite the reported shortages of labour the number of employees in registered factories is again greater than at any previous time in the Dominion's history. The following particulars of persons employed in registered factories (including working occupiers) brings up to date the table shown in the corresponding section of last year's report:— Year ended 31st March, 1950 Persons employed — Male .. .. .. .. 131,726 Female .. .. .. .. 38,851 170,577 Percentage of female workers .. .. .. 22-8 Dominion population .. .. .. 1,902,460 Percentage of population in factory employment .. 9-0 Number of factories .. .. .. .. 20,246

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(3) The percentage of women employed in factories, after falling to a low level in 1949, has risen above the 1948 level, while the actual number employed is higher than in any previous year except 1945. The number of males employed increased by 2*6 per cent, in the past year. Over the ten years ended 31st March, 1950, the number of males employed in factories registered under the Factories Act has risen by more than 34 per cent, and the total number of employees by 32 per cent. The number of registered factories reached a new record level during the year, and is now more than 2,000 higher than ten years ago. (4) The number of workers and of factories in the North and South Islands over the past three years is as follows :

(5) Size of Factories. —There is a tendency for the size of the factory unit and the percentage of all factory workers employed in factories of different sizes to vary in harmony with general economic conditions. There has been no substantial variation in business activity over the past two years, and it would accordingly be expected that there would be little change in the structure of the Dominion's manufacturing industry. This in fact is the case. The percentage of workers employed in factories of different sizes and the percentage of factories in each of the corresponding groups for each of the years 1948-49 and 1949-50 are given in the table below: —

From the above table it can be clearly seen that there is no typical size of factory unit in the Dominion. Although more than 90 per cent, of all factories are contained in Groups I and 11, a greater number of workers is employed in Groups 111 and IV, while factories employing more than 100 workers each, comprising only 1 per cent, of all factories, employ over one-quarter of all employees. (6) The most important industrial groups covered by the Factories Act are food, drink, and tobacco (35,870 workers, 2,456 factories) ; textiles, clothing, and leather (36,002 workers, 2,827 factories); and engineering and metal-working (37,493 workers, 5,088 factories). These three groups, covering 10,371 factories and 109,365 workers, comprise 51 per cent, of all factories, and 64 per cent, of all employees.

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1948. 1949. 1950. Number. Percentage. Number. Percentage. Number. Percentage. Factories North Island South Island 12,547 6,555 65-2 34-8 12,999 6,701 66-0 34-0 13,370 6,876 66-3 33-7 Employees North Island South Island 107,428 55,374 65-9 34-1 109,151 55,533 66-3 33-7 113,110 57,467 66-0 34-0

Factories Employing I. 1 to 5. II. 6 to 20. III. 21 to 100. IV. 101 and Over. Percentage of all factory workers — 1948-49 20 26 27 27 1949-50 21 25 27 27 Percentage of all factories in each group— 1948-49 72 21 6 1 1949-50 72 21 6 1

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(7) Inspections.—lt was expected in 1949 that a coverage as complete as any accomplished before would be possible in 1950. This expectation has not been realized. The actual number of inspections made was 15,422, giving a coverage of 76-1 per cent. In 1948-49 the number of inspections was 2,385 fewer than in the year just past, and the coverage was 66-2 per cent. In the peak year of 1940-41 the number of inspections was only 232 greater than in 1949-50, but the coverage was 87-3 per cent. (8) Government-owned Factories.—Table XV in Appendix I gives details of the number registered and the number of workers therein. Registered Government factories increased by 3to reach a total of 327 at 31st March, 1950. Employment in these factories then covered 11,965 workers, which is an increase of 259. During the year under review 18 factories (employing 486 workers) were registered for the first time, but 15 factories (employing 227 workers) which were registered last year were not reregistered at 31st March, 1950. In two cases re-registration has been withheld because of non-compliance with the health and safety requirements of the Factories Act, 1946. Two others were found not to be factories within the meaning of the Act, and the remainder had closed down. It is interesting to note that included in those that had closed down were a number of trade-training schools operated by the Rehabilitation Department; only 15 such schools were registered at 31st March, 1950, as compared with 24 in the previous year. • (6) Hygiene, Health, and Welfare in Factories (1) Co-operation with Industrial Hygiene Division (Department of Health). —The appointment to the Industrial Hygiene Division of the Department of Health in 1947 of medical practitioners whose duty it is to specialize in problems of industrial hygiene has been of immense value to Inspectors of Factories. Over the years Inspectors have been recruited from many occupations, and once appointed they became responsible by virtue of their office for a multiplicity of duties. While collectively they brought to the Department a wealth of expert and general knowledge of industries, it was usual to rely on Medical Officers of Health when problems coming within the medical and allied spheres required attention. The utmost assistance was given by the Medical Officers of Health but with the special officers now available who are, with only one exception, housed within this Department's office premises, Inspectors have the advantage of more direct and frequent contact. There is full co-operation between the officers concerned and joint and individual inspections are arranged without inconveniencing factory occupiers. In those trades where there is a considerable health hazard, the frequent check by medical and nursing personnel should prove of invaluable benefit to the factory occupiers as well as to the workers. Further, although the Industrial Medical Officers are located only in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin, periodical visits are made to the other districts. (2) Factory Premises.—Provision was made in the Factories Act, 1891, for a plan of each building or place about to be used as a factory to be submitted to the local Board of Health. In 1894, however, the requirement was altered, and thereafter the law contained a provision that a sketch-plan be furnished to the Inspector. It was, of course, also necessary for the proposed occupier to secure the approval of the local authority under the by-laws relating to buildings, and plans were also required for this purpose. As a result there were many cases of omission to submit sketch-plans to the Inspector, and to avoid confusion the requirement was not continued in the 1946 Act. Notwithstanding this, some builders continue to submit plans to this Department and, in fact, 295 such cases covering new factories or alterations to existing units were dealt with last year. It is to the advantage of a factory occupier to ascertain in advance whether his proposed layout complies with the Inspectors' requirements. By this means he may save the expense of alterations. Altered premises are never satisfactory, hence the desirability of taking all possible steps to ensure that plans are reviewed by all authorities

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concerned. In many cases the local authority confers with the Inspector on applications for building permits in respect of factories. Improvement in the supply position rendered possible some relaxation of control over building work. From November, 1949. therefore, the Department has been able to look for better compliance with its requirements. It will obviously take some considerable time to overtake the leeway, the result of some demands being permitted to remain in abeyance and others being met by " makeshift " remedies. However, steps are now being taken to call upon factory occupiers to comply fully with the health, welfare, and safety requirements of the Factories Act, 1946. In making these demands Inspectors will, of course, have regard for what is reasonable in time and circumstances. (3) Canteens in Factories. —The survey of those factories employing more than 100 persons mentioned in last year's report was completed during the year. The Act provides that where the number of persons employed in a factory and requiring to have meals at the factory exceeds 100, an Inspector may issue a requisition on the occupier requiring him to maintain a canteen at which employees may purchase meals. This does not mean that all factories of that size are required by law to provide a canteen—the initiative is with the Inspector, and it is the Department's practice to serve a requisition if the workers are not being satisfactorily provided for either by the employer, or by nearby facilities, such as restaurants. As at 31st March, 1949, there were 191 factories employing more than 100 persons, 87 having canteens and 104 being without them. Of the 104 factories, 72 are premises where there are less than 100 workers requiring meals on the premises, 17 are premises where there are alternative means available nearby, such as restaurants, and the remaining 15 are premises where construction of a canteen has been requested. (4) Heating. —Section 58 of the Act imposes on a factory occupier an obligation to maintain a reasonable temperature in his workrooms. Lacking precise definition it has been necessary for the Department to develop a standard, and in 1919, after consultation with the United Kingdom authorities, it was decided to settle on 60° r. with however, some allowance for time, place, and casual extreme low temperatures. More recent advices being that a slightly higher temperature is desirable, the Department now looks for 62° p., or higher in some occupations, having regard for what is reasonable in the circumstances. Generally, little difficulty is experienced in obtaining satisfactory compliance as most factory occupiers appreciate that comfort at work in cold weather reflects itself in increased output. The occupier may make use of any means of heating he desires provided that it gives satisfactory results. Many small establishments utilizing electric radiators have found themselves in some difficulty because of the operation of power-restrictions and it has been necessary to meet these cases in a common-sense way. A common-sense approach is also adopted in the case of those factory units where, because of the articles to receive attention, extensive space is involved but the real work area is small. Heating requirements for workers in shops have similarly been approached in a reasonable way. Here again reliance on electric power has caused inconvenience to some shop occupiers. (5) First-aid Equipment, &c. —Preparation of a first-aid placard, which will be issued at an early date, has been undertaken by the Department of Health in collaboration with this Department. It will contain a revised statement of recommended equipment and, in addition, directions regarding the treatment of injured persons. The experience of the Department has been that requests for first-aid appliances have always been readily met. It is most desirable that there should be a proper appreciation of the importance of maintaining the equipment, and, for this reason, the first-aid facilities should be placed in charge of one person who should be the holder of a first-aid certificate. (6) Industrial Diseases. —As many skin infections are the result of industrial processes and can be prevented by ordinary cleanliness and suitable protection, good washing facilities are an essential element in their prevention and an integral part of the washing facilities is a good supply of hot water. The extension of the practice of treating timber

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for prevention of sap-stain and preservation against borer attack, both by immersion and pressure impregnation process, has given the Department some concern. Factories so far registered are being very carefully watched with a view to ascertaining that, as far as possible, protection is provided for the workers from the dermatitis hazard. A number of reported accidents in respect of workers handling treated timbers has indicated that it is necessary to have regard not only for the workers engaged in the treatment process but also for those through whose hands the treated timber may subsequently pass. As a matter of interest it is recorded that a recent disputes committee under the New Zealand (except Marlborough, Nelson and Westland) Timber Workers' Award (48 Book of Awards 2081) determined that workers engaged in handling of timber while it is still wet immediately after bath or immersion treatment for sap-stain prevention and/or immunization against borer attack shall be supplied with leather aprons and suitable gloves while engaged on such work. (7) Protective Clothing and Appliances. —There are some processes where protective material is obviously required, and little difficulty is experienced in securing full compliance with suggestions. In those processes, however, where the necessity is less obvious it is found that protective appliances are not always available. What is more to be deplored in both cases, however, is the failure of the workers to make full use of the appliances provided. A review of the reported accidents indicates that a considerable proportion could have been avoided had the available protective devices been used, for example, the failure to use goggles or face-shields in grinding and operations where a hammer and chisel are used for chipping. Another undesirable feature in regard particularly to protective clothing is the tendency to substitute a payment for the provision of the clothes. In those occupations where there is a considerable labour turnover, the provision of a full range of clothing sizes may be costly and it is understandable that an employer may find it financially to his advantage to pay allowances. As receipt of an allowance may come to be regarded as part of the normal income to be spent on living and other charges the tendency to use any old clothing at work develops with resultant hazard to the worker. (8) Seating Facilities. —The employer's obligation is to provide suitable facilities for sitting sufficient to enable female workers whose work is done standing to take advantage of opportunities for rest, while the Inspector may require suitable seats to be provided where he is of opinion that any workers or class of workers in a factory (male or female) can conveniently and satisfactorily do their work or a substantial part thereof while sitting. As a result of this Inspectors make a check on seating a regular feature of their inspection visits. During recent months a special check has been made of seating in clothing-factories, woollen-mills, and boot-manufacturing premises. This is not yet complete, but the results to date indicate that the facilities provided may be described as reasonably good. A feature of the survey has been the opportunity to ascertain the viewpoints of the workers using the seats. There is considerable difference of opinion among workers, many of whom expressed some opposition to " posture " chairs provided for them at considerable expense. (9) Fire-escapes. —Attention has again been given to the requirements of the Act that efficient fire-escapes be provided for every workroom situate on any floor above the ground floor. . Regulations prescribing details of the Department's standards were introduced in 1919. Since that date, demands for improvement in terms of the standard have been made from year to year. The regulations are essentially escape requirements to supplement ordinary means of exit from a factory. Modern practice is to incorporate completely enclosed escape arrangements within a building. This is a provision that can be looked for in new buildings, but where the premises were erected, many of them before 1919, difficulty is encountered. Requisitions in regard to fire-escapes served during recent years have been 1946-47, 31; 1947-48, 85 ; 1948-49, 244; 1949-50, 236. As many factories are in multiple occupancy buildings it is necessary that escape be viewed as a building problem. Hence, the co-operation of the local authority and

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fire authority is sought in order that plans may be co-ordinated. In the case of shop premises where this Department's powers are not wide enough the co-operation of local authorities is also sought. (10) Safety Provisions : Machinery.—These provisions of the Factories Act, 1946, to some extent duplicate requirements of the Inspection of Machinery Act, 1928, administered by the Marine Department. In practice, however, there is no overlapping for, by arrangement between the two Departments, matters are dealt with in a way that no dual or diverse demands are made on factory occupiers. Cases of deficient guarding continue to come under notice and these, together with accidents arising from machinery, are the subject of consultation. Notwithstanding that for the last twenty-five years special attention has been paid, in association with the Marine Department, to the proper guarding of food-mincing machines, accidents still occur. The aim has been to ensure that the food-hopper is of such size and arrangement that the operators' fingers cannot come in contact with the cutting or feeding knives or worm. The newer types of machines appear to be so constructed that this is secured, but in the older types it has been necessary to have a metal plate rigidly secured over the mouth of the feed shute, feeding of the machine being through holes drilled in that plate. An accident that occurred in Westland during the year has redirected attention to these machines and as a result, inquiries are being made into the practice in other countries. (11) Requisitions. —An analysis of part of the information given in Table XXYIII in Appendix I is a useful indication regarding the range of matters that received attention. As mentioned elsewhere it is expected that with the improvement in the supply position it will be reasonable to ask for many improvements that have been left in abeyance during recent years.

(c) Lead Process Regulations 1925 and Accumulator (Lead Process) Regulations. 1940 (1) Three cases of lead poisoning were reported during the year. One occurred in a paint-works where the man was handling dry white lead in the mixing process. Another was in a lead-recovery works where a man had been exposed to a heavy concentration of lead-fumes for some years. Upon notification he was suspended from any further work in a lead process. The third case was in respect of a painter who had been in the trade three years. He transferred to another occupation for five months and it then appeared that the disability had cleared up.

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Factories Act, 1946, Including —-fLead Process Awards. Last Year. Regulations 1940. First-aid equipment 173 36 290 Eire-precautions 236 244 Machinery guards 344 20 292 Ventilation 136 9 182 Lighting 159 11 138 Heating 120 9 151 Seating 21 7 22 Washing and shower facilities 750 107 606 Sanitation .. . • • • 405 49 421 Lunch-rooms and cloak-rooms 355 59 345 Drinking-water 34 5 29 Dust-extraction 134 3 92 Locker accommodation 295 96 290 Others 917 49 581 4,079 l 460 3,683

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(2) Close attention has been given to those establishments affected by the regulations. Generally, factory occupiers have shown co-operation in carrying out requirements. Regular visits by industrial nurses and industrial medical officers have been made to a number of printers, paint-manufacturers, battery-manufacturers, and leadrecovery works when blood counts have been taken of workers therein. Cases arose where there had been evidence of undue lead absorption, and in these instances workers have been advised to seek other employment or remove from contacts with lead for a suitable period. One man suffering from persistent anemia was advised to find work in another industry and did so. (3) From observations made, blood counts appear to have shown a falling tendency which would indicate that both employers and workers are becoming aware of the danger associated with lead. (4) A warning was issued where an employer had a youth of sixteen years engaged in a lead process. Following an inspection of a spray-painting booth, it was found that lead paint was being used and stored in containers not marked as required by the regulations. Subsequently, in another district similar breaches were found in two booths. Appropriate action was taken in these instances. (d) Spray Painting Regulations 1940 (1) These regulations, which have been operative since Ist July, 1940, cover the application to any article by spraying of paint, enamel, lacquer, or other material having a nitrocellulose or inflammable liquid content. The carrying-on of spray-painting operations gives rise to toxic, fire, and explosion hazards, and as a result the process has to be vigorously controlled. Thus all spray-painting booths before use in any factory require the approval in writing of the Secretary of Labour. (2) There having been an easing of building restrictions throughout the year steady progress can be reported in respect of the conditions of booths. Occupiers seem to be now aware of the need for the safeguards required by the regulations, and generally no difficulty has been experienced in securing any alterations required by the Department. (3) Approvals granted in terms of regulation 13 during the year were 63. (e) Accidents in Industry and Accident Prevention (1) Scope of Accident Notification. —The obligation to report accidents was originally placed on factory occupiers by the Factories Act, 1891. In respect of building operations a like obligation was introduced by the Scaffolding Inspection Act, 1906, while persons operating bush undertakings became similarly liable under the Bush Workers' Act, 1945. There are also requirements in respect of other classes of workers —e.g., those in mining undertakings —these being the administrative responsibility of Departments other than the Department of Labour and Employment. There remain, however, large sections of industry—agricultural and pastoral, transport, certain building and construction, shops, offices, and warehouses —in which there is no obligation to notify. The reporting arrangement aims to bring accidents to notice, with the ultimate objective of preventing recurrence.. If, therefore, accident-prevention activity is to be effective throughout all industry a more comprehensive system of notification than exists at present .must be devised. The incidence of serious tractor accidents on farms, for instance, seems very high and suggests the need for investigation. There were at least six deaths last year from this cause (mostly occurring on hillsides) as compared with nine fatalities in all factories during the same period. When one considers the relatively small number of persons engaged in farm-tractor driving in relation to the number of workers employed in factories the fatality rate in the former group becomes alarming. Although there is no provision for notification, the Department is at present investigating each such accident coming to its knowledge and is co-operating with farmers' organizations and the Department of Agriculture with a view to making appropriate recommendations to Government.

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(2) Accident Prevention. —Significant progress continues to be made in the field of accident prevention, both, in this country and overseas. Internationally, industrial accident prevention has lost none of the momentum gained during and immediately after the war. The most significant event in this field has been the final adoption and publication by the 1.L.0. of its " Model Code of Safety Regulations for Factories " devised to provide international safety standards " for the guidance of states and industries." Some indication of the coverage of the code can be gained from the fact that the draft was prepared over a period of six years. In New Zealand, the Department's post-war accident-prevention programme is, after overcoming the inevitable initial difficulties, at last emerging from the stage of preliminary planning and organization, to that of operational activity. A summary of the more significant developments of the past eighteen months will give an indication of the stage which has been reached. (i) Technical Training of Inspectors and Liaison With the Department of Health : In 1948 and 1949, industrial medical officers were appointed, one to each of the four main centres, under the co-ordinating authority of the Director, Division of Industrial Hygiene, Department of Health. With one exception they are located in this Department's office, thus facilitating the close co-operation necessary to avoid overlapping of activities. This introduction of qualified medical personnel as an immediate associate of the factory inspectorate has proved invaluable both in the practical solution of welfare problems and in the specialized knowledge imparted to the officers of the inspectorate. The liaison between the two Departments has been even further fused by the conducting of annual full-year hygiene courses in which Inspectors from both Departments participate. This course is a prerequisite to the Royal Sanitary Institute Examinations. (ii) Reference Literature and Information Service : The Department's reference library has acquired an extensive range of material on matters relating to accident prevention, and constant additions from overseas sources are being received. (iii) Research and Statistics : Statistical devices are now in operation which enable the early detection of any increased accident rates in industry as a whole, or in particular branches of industries, thus enabling early remedial steps to be taken and, if necessary, the carrying-out of research aimed at preventing future occurrences. (iv) Safety Publicity : It, has been proved conclusively in overseas countries that legislation and enforcement, although useful, are not alone sufficient to bring accident rates down to a minimum. The initiative in safety promotion must come from industry itself, particularly from management and foremen. With this in mind, considerable attention is being given to the development and utilization of all available publicity media aimed at acquainting industry with the cost of accidents, the need for good housekeeping, staff training, and the advantages of safety and works committees. The first articles on industrial safety have already appeared in the Department's Monthly Review. Articles in pamphlet form are also proposed, and in association with the Division of Industrial Hygiene articles have already appeared in various trade publications. It is confidently hoped that these articles, as well as promoting safety consciousness, will draw the attention of industry to the information service on such problems that the Department is able and anxious to make available. (v) Films : For the past two years a number of films on various safety topics have (on occasion by means of mobile projection units) been shown to employer and employee organizations and factory staffs. Such screenings are arranged on request. (vi) Posters and Exhibitions : The first post-war posters on industrial safety for distribution to industry are now being prepared in conjunction with the Division of Industrial Hygiene, while further posters are being procured from overseas. Safety displays and exhibits are featured at industries fairs and on other suitable occasions. (vii) Training Within Industry : Courses which are conducted under this scheme for the guidance of managements and foremen in the problems of personnel management include as an integral part of the syllabus constant emphasis on safety and accidentprevention techniques. (These courses are referred to elsewhere in the report.)

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(viii) Industrial Advisory Council: This organization of employers' and workers' representatives is being set up by the Government under the Industrial Relations Act, 1949, with the objective of solving the problems of industrial relations, and promises to be a most potent instrument in safety promotion. One of the basic prerequisites of industrial harmony is, of course, the possession by each and every individual of a feeling of security and of physical and mental well-being. Accidents, and fear of accidents, inevitably tend to destroy this sense of security, and the Council will no doubt therefore consider the question of the promotion of safety and reduction of the industrial accident rate. (ix) Inspections and Requisitions : It will be seen elsewhere in the report that the number of factory inspections carried out in the past twelve months was an increase of 2,385 over the previous period and that the number of requisitions under all Acts for the removal of hazards and provision of amenities increased from 4,672 to 5,459. It is felt that the results of this drive to improve the physical working environment (hampered for some time by post-war shortages) will eventually be reflected in a reduction in the accident rate. (3) Present Accident Rates. —The industrial-accident rate in this country is far from satisfactory. Despite this fact little attention seems to be devoted to the problem by the average employer in industry, a state of affairs which can be largely attributed to lack of appreciation of the cost of accident interruptions and the extent to which they can be eliminated. This lack is in turn reflected in the attitude of workers who, often insufficiently trained, take unnecessary risks and fail to use the protective equipment provided. An indication of the local position in relation to overseas countries is given by a comparison of the trends in Great Britain and New Zealand in recent years. The annual report of the Chief Inspector of Factories, Great Britain, for 1948, demonstrates strikingly the steady downward trend in factory accidents in that country since 1944. According to the report the factory-accident rate between 1944 and 1948 decreased by 30 per cent. Even allowing for the fact that overtime worked in 1948 would be less than in 1944 (and therefore there should have been less accidents), the reduction is a very considerable one and represents a saving of over 80,000 accidents per annum. The New Zealand rates show no such downward trend and rather suffer by comparison. Following are the local figures :

It will be seen that the number of factory accidents per annum in this country is not decreasing but increasing. Not only is the total number increasing, which is to a degree understandable in a country with an expanding secondary industry, but what is more disturbing is that the actual rate of accidents is gradually increasing. (It should be noted that the above rates are not related to the amount of overtime worked. As this

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Year. Number of FactoryAccidents. Number of FactoryWorkers. Reportable Accidents per Thousand Factory Workers. Calendar Days Lost Through Factory Accidents. 1938 4,297 123,723 34-73 368,261 1939 . 4,951 129,488 38-23 398,216 1940 5,480 132,907 41-23 343,396 1941 6,555 134,039 48-90 442,247 1942 7,494 130,560 57-39 470,579 1943 .. 7,654 132,599 57-72 462,740 1944 6,580 138,600 47-47 549,307 1945 6,141 141,752 43-32 432,245 1946 6,385 152,956 41-74 467,695 1947 6,928 162,802 42-55 541,054 1948 7,609 164,684 46-20 423,302

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has decreased somewhat in the last three years the actual increase in the accident rate is probably greater than it appears here.) Just how much time, and therefore production is lost to New Zealand industry by accidents is demonstrated by the following table which compares the number of days per annum lost through industrial accidents with that lost through industrial disputes. It can be seen that other than during exceptional periods, and after making allowance for the fact that column 3 comprises " calendar " days whereas column 4 consists of " working " days, the total time lost through accidents is at least seventeen times that lost through disputes.

The figures are exclusive of mines, sea transport, and farms, for which data on time lost through accidents is not available. The first two of these do, of course, contribute considerably to the total time lost through disputes, but their accident rates are also prolific, there being an average of over 4,000 accidents per annum in mines alone, this being approximately 27 per cent, of the total for all industry. (4) Accident Analysis. —An analysis has been made of the accidents reported by registered factories in the Wellington Industrial District during 1949. Of 2,261 reported accidents (preliminary figures), 1,046 were in respect of the meat freezing and processing industry while woodworking (sawmilling, joining, &c.) accounted for 252 and engineering and metal-working for 429. The parts of the body affected were : eyes, 92 ; head, face, and neck, 72 ; arms, hands, fingers, and wrists, 1,353; back, ribs, and spine, 276 ; legs, 211 ; feet and toes, 193 ; others, 64. Further data on accidents is contained in Appendix Ito the report. Table XYI (c) (Frequency and Severity Rates in Selected Industries) indicates' those branches of industry which could benefit most from prevention activity. Table XVIII (Analysis by Causes), while illustrating the toll of accidents involving machinery, also emphasizes the need for more attention to those matters which are normally regarded as minor—namely, handling of objects, use of hand tools, prevention of falls. Table XYI (a) and (b) gives the industrial and factory accident rates on a basis of hours of work and not merely on the number of workers. As this computation embraces such factors as overtime and part-time work it gives a much more accurate picture of the actual frequency but it is also considerably more difficult to compile and therefore 1947 is the latest year for which figures are available. (5) Fatal Factory Accidents. —The following is a summary of the 9 fatal accidents which during the year 1949 : (i) When the belt on the counter-shaft driving the elevator buckets on a gravel-crusher came off its pulley, an employee who attempted to clear the belt while the motor was still in gear, became entangled in the belting and was fatally injured. (ii) An employee constructing an elevated steel platform in an engineering works was crushed to death by a crane travelling along elevated rails adjacent to the platform. The field of vision in the cab of the crane was insufficient to give the driver an unobstructed view of the victim. (iii) Despite repeated warnings by his employer and provision of a wooden staff suitable for the purpose, an employee continued clearing the feeding-chute and hopper of a lime-crusher with a steel crowbar. The bar came into contact with the high-speed revolving steel pulverizers and was expelled with such force that it was driven right through the worker's body.

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Calendar Year. » Number of Industrial Accidents. Number of " Calendar " Days Lost Through Industrial Accidents.* Number of " Working "Days Lost Through ' Industrial Disputes. 1946 .. .. .. i 1947 1948 11,311 11,932 10,064 950,908 1,056,222 615,229 6,792 38,556 32,290 * In computing these figures and those in all other accident tables in the report an international standard allowance for time lost in the case of fatalities and permanent disability is made.

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(iv) A 6 ft. high stack of wallboard with its base approximately 5 in. above floor-level slipped off a pallet truck and crushed an employee against a wall. He sustained fatal injuries. (v) An engine-driver in a flour-mill turned on a steam-drifter valve and left the boiler-house. When he returned the house was full of steam and scalding water lay on the floor to a depth of 3 in. In endeavouring to reach the shut-off valve, he slipped and fell into the water, receiving fatal scalds. (vi) An employee received fatal burns from the combustion of cleaning fluid in a degreasing cabinet. Although the precise cause was unknown there were several factors any of which may have been responsible—viz., static electricity or sparks from a nearby grinder, faulty electrical switches, or employees smoking. (vii) A night-shift employee, in a veneer factory was fatally scalded when he slipped into a logboiling pot from which the lid had been removed during the day for the carrying out of repairs and had not been replaced. (viii) A flour-mill employee was asphyxiated as a result of being crushed between a railway-truck and the side of a narrow doorway through which the rails passed. He was taking a " short cut " back to his work place. (ix) A worker operating a wool-blending machine in a scouring works switched off the power and opened the inspection door in order to eliminate an internal wool jam. Unfortunately, however, he did not wait for the rotating drum to cease moving before thrusting his hand inside. The result was that he received two small skin abrasions from the teeth of the drum and, as was later ascertained by x-ray, a fracture of two small bones in the hand. First-aid treatment was rendered at the factory. However, tetanus infection developed and the worker died within seven days. (6) Serious Factory Accidents.—The following is a selection of some of the characteristic accidents of a more serious nature which occurred during the year 1949 : (i) A female operator on a cuff-turning machine failed to withdraw her hands before actuating the press. As a result her hands were bruised and painfully burned. It was not possible to release the hands until the machine had been partially dismantled. Modification of the machine enabling it to be reversed, also installation of a release fitting involving the use of both hands would have prevented this accident. (ii) A female employee suffered scalp injuries when her hair became entangled in a drilling-machine. The wearing of a suitable cap or net would have eliminated this risk. (iii) A plumber engaged in fitting a dust-extractor to a circular saw endeavoured to adjust the dust-container beneath the bench while the saw was in motion. His hand slipped into contact with the saw and was severed. No adjustment should have been attempted while the machine was in motion. (iv) A garage-proprietor suffered a fractured skull as a result of the explosion of an empty steel drum which he was cutting with an acetylene torch. The drum had been empty for twelve months. Care should be taken to thoroughly eliminate any residue of explosive substances before commencing such operations. (v) An employee slipped while endeavouring to oil a lime-hydrating machine in motion. His arm became caught in the driving-cogs and amputation was necessary. The cogs should have been guarded. Further, no attempt should have been made to oil the machine while in motion. (vi) A truck-driver suffered severe back injuries and severe lacerations when, in attempting to clear a feed blockage in an elevated sawdust-hopper at a sawmill, his coat caught in the nearby belt and shafting. Adequate guarding would have prevented the accident. (vii) An employee reached under the guard of a cotton-teasing machine whilst it was in motion, in an endeavour to free a blockage. He lost all the fingers and thumb of his hand. Here again, no attempt should have been made to clear the machine while in motion. (viii) A breast-bench sawyer at a sawmill was feeding a short length of board into a saw. He fed it in, however, at a slight angle. As the friction of the board against the gauge fence increased, his hand slipped and was very severely cut. More care in feeding and use of a push-stick would have prevented the accident. (ix) The guard of a shaping-machine had been placed in the non-use position. When the machine was started, however, the guard fell down, contacted the revolving spindle, and a piece of flying metal lodged in and necessitated the removal of the operative's eye. The guard had apparently not been pushed sufficiently far back. However, had the guard been sufficiently rigid it would have fallen into place correctly and not contacted the spindle. Poorly-constructed guards can be more dangerous than no guard. (x) A youth's leg was broken, requiring amputation, when a rope used as a sling in lifting a heavy machine parted. Old or worn rope should not be used for lifting heavy objects. (/) Overtime Work in Factories (1) The following table of overtime authorized beyond the statutory limits compares each year from 1943. (Note. —Prior to the Factories Act, 1946, boys and

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girls under sixteen years of age could work overtime by permission. Since the new Act this is entirely prohibited. There is no restriction on the working of overtime by men.)

The increase in overtime authorized in 1949 over 1948 is not large by comparison with the decline from the wartime peak in 1943. Considerable overtime still seems to be necessary in the clothing-manufacture, tobacco, printing, and engineering industries. (2) Hours beyond the ninety-hour limit were authorized as follows in some of the leading industries : Tobacco-manufacture (mainly Napier, Lower Hutt, and Hours. Wellington) .. .. .. .. .. 25,876 Clothing-manufacture (mainly Auckland and Wellington) .. 18,619 Printing .. .. .. .. .. .. 10,636 Woollen and knitting mills .. .. .. .. 9,610 Engineering trades (mainly Lower Hutt and Wellington) .. 9,367 Footwear (four main centres) .. .. .. .. 4,266 (3) The next table shows the geographical distribution of overtime worked in 1949

Increases in the total hours of overtime worked occurred in all tlie above areas except Lower Hutt. Various reasons —e.g., election printing (printing industry), the need to provide overtime in order to attract and retain staff, and increased availability of supplies (biscuit and confectionery industry) are adduced to account for the increases. A tendency can again be noted for women in Lower Hutt and Wellington to work longer hours of overtime than in other centres though it was in Christchurch that women, on the average, worked a greater number of hours in excess of the 90-hour limit. (g) Outworkers' Licences (1) The need has again been apparent, mainly in the clothing trades, to supplement the labour force by the issue of outworkers' licences. The shortage of female factory

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Year. dumber of Women. Number of Boys. 1 Hours Worked in Excess of 90hour Limit. I 1943 4,983 42. 455,934 1944 4,298 22 392,493 1945 2,672 22 207,421 1946 2,703 15 197,642 1947 2,006 126,585 1948 1,935 103,398 1949 2,394 116,871

District. Number of Women for Whom Overtime Authorized. Total Hours Overtime Worked. Number of Women for Whom Extra Overtime Authorized. Hours Worked in Excess of Statutory Limit of 90 Hours. Auckland 4,944 207,080 644 22,299 Lower Hutt 1,401 75,962 316 18,353 Wellington 3,403 174,164 689 34,006 Christehurch 2,213 91,284 206 16,145 Dunedin 1,922 70,017 222 9,801 All other districts 3,064 122,021 317 16,267

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employees in particular is reflected in the applications received by the Department, and it is reported that in some cases employment of this class of worker has effected considerable reduction in backlogs. The Department continues to watch the position carefully and during the year 123 applications were refused for various reasons. (Seven of these were granted after a successful appeal under section 39 (7) of the Factories Act, 1946.) The licences issued in 1949-50 and comparisons with the two previous years are tabulated below :

" Other trades " include 106 licences for woollen-goods manufacturing (19 at Auckland, 37 at Christchurch, 25 at Ashburton, 20 at Dunedin, and 5 at other districts), 9 licences for soap-wrapping at Lower Hutt, and 11 for rubber goods at Christchurch. The number of licences current at 31st January, 1950, was 927. (2) The history of outworkers' legislation was fully dealt with in the 1947 annual report, which also referred to the legislative changes contained in the Factories Act, 1946. Present departmental practice in the issue of outworkers' licences was summarized in the 1949 annual report. (A) Juveniles in Factories (1) The number of certificates of fitness issued under section 37 of the Factories Act, 1946, to enable persons under sixteen years of age to work in factories is shown in the following table :

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Number of Licences Issued in Trades Shown. District.. Clothing. Fancy Goods. Footwear and LeatherOther Trades. Totals, 1949-50. Totals, 1947-48. Totals, 1948-49. work. Auckland 399 4 72 51 526 417 456 Lower Hutt 18 2 12 32 22 37 Wellington 194 2 3 5 204 137 228 Chxistchurcli 70 5 6 52 133 148 142 Dunedin 77 7 34 118 33 137 All others 23 3 1 34 61 27 74 Dominion 781 14 91 188 1,074 784 1,074

— Number of Certificates Issued to Persons Aged Fourteen and Under Fifteen. Fifteen and Under Sixteen. Totals. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Certificates issued for period of school holidays Other certificates issued Totals 1 15 1 6 6 1,099 1 1,030 7 1,114 2 1,036 16* 7* 1,105 1,031 1,121 1,038 * The prerequisite to the issue of a certificate to a child under fifteen years is exemption from school attendance under the Education Act, 1914.

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(2) The total number of certificates issued was 2,159, compared with 2,258 issued in 1948-49. The number issued for persons under fifteen years of age shows a further reduction from the previous year, and the number of certificates issued for girls has fallen considerably. Certificates issued for school-holiday periods have fallen from 189 in 1946-47 to no more than 9 in 1949-50. (3) The predominant industries for which certificates were issued are : clothingmanufacture, 714 ; engineering group, 410 ; printing and book-binding, 118 ; furnituremanufacture and cabinet-making, 104 ; footwear-manufacture, 86. (i) Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 (1) There has always been difficulty in estimating the number of shops and the number of workers employed therein. In part this has been because of frequent change of occupier and even in type of business undertaking, particularly in the case of smaller shops, and in part because it has never been possible in any one year to carry out a complete inspection. As a result, however, of the assistance from returns in connection with the half-yearly survey of employment estimates are now more accurate. (2) It is estimated that as at 31st March, 1950, there were 28,284 shops (15,946 with assistants and 12,338 without assistants). This increase on 1949 (15,502 and 11,609 respectively —total 27,111) is chiefly due to a revision of estimates for two areas. There were slight upward movements in several areas but, apart from the revisions noted, it can be said that there was little change of consequence. (3) The revision of estimates just noted also affected the number of persons employed. Thus the 32,219 males and 31,465 females —total 63,684 —estimated to be employed as at 31st March, 1950 (last year 31,244 and 30,519 respectively —total 61,763), included 1,250 workers due to estimate adjustments. The slight upward movement was more pronounced in the northern area. (4) The estimate as to the number of offices has been revised. It is now estimated that there are 8,254 places subject to the " office " sections of the Act. There are 13,701 males and 14,827 female office-assistants employed, total 28,528. (Those offices that are within shops or factories form part of the factory or shop and workers therein are counted accordingly.) (5) There were 16,578 inspections of shops and 2,163 inspections of offices. Kequisitions totalling 325 were served seeking improvement of conditions. (6) A reduction occurred in the amount of overtime authorized. For the calendar year 1949, 65,876 hours were worked compared with 78,347 in 1948 and 74,174 in 1947. Hotels and restaurants accounted for 15,530 hours (24,581 hours last year). It is probable however, that the overtime actually worked by hotel staffs was considerably in excess of this figure which is merely the overtime actually notified. (7) Schools for Learners. —Section 9 of the Shops and Offices Amendment Act, 1936, was introduced to regulate the system of payment of premiums by or in respect of shopassistants or learners. The section was chiefly directed at the ladies' hairdressing trade and it prohibits the premium system unless the shop is approved as a school and the payment is made pursuant to a written agreement that is approved for the purposes of this section by the Chief Inspector of Factories. There were eleven registered schools as at 31st December, 1949, and during the year ending on that date seventy-five agreements had been submitted for approval, there being thirty-five current at the end of the year. All were in respect of the hairdressing trade. As a result of an application in respect of the teaching of floral art, inquiries are now current concerning the extent to which this is carried on.

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(j) Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 (1) During the year all the rates of wages specified by the various Wage-fixation and Extension Orders have been increased. The prevailing rates are as set out below :

(2) The following under-rate workers' permits have been issued under the Act during the year :

The total number of permits compares with previous years as follows : 1947-48 = 333 ; 1948-49 = 416 ; 1949-50 = 475. The increase over last year took place almost entirely in permits issued for part-time female labour on dairy-farms. The greatest number of permits was issued in the Hamilton district (127), followed by New Plymouth (81), Paeroa (31), and Auckland (27). Districts in the North Island issued 393 permits, and 82 were issued in the South Island. (k) Accommodation on Farms, &c. (1) Table XXII shows that inspections of agricultural workers' accommodation have increased from 230, 232, and 320 in the three previous years to 420 in 1949-50, and 69 requisitions were served, compared with 92 and 52 in the two previous years. Many requisitions made had not been carried out at the end of the year, in some cases due to shortages of materials such as corrugated iron. The comments of Inspectors show that while accommodation is, on the average, up to requirements of the Act, wide variation exists between districts, and in one district, at least, the fear is expressed that poor accommodation provided will react seriously on the supply of farm labour.

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Bate Reference in Class. Bate for Adult Worker. from 'Which Payable. Authorizing Measure. Statutory Regulations Series. Dairy-farms £6 6s. 6d. per week (plus board and lodging, £1 5s.) 1/6/49 Agricultural Workers Wagefixation Order 1949 1949/78. Farms and stations £5 6s. 6d. per week (plus 1/7/49 The Agricultural Workers 1949/134. board and lodging, £1 5s.) (Farms and Stations) Extension Order 1949 Orchards Male, £7 per week, 3s. 5d. per hour; female, £4 12s. 6d. per week, 2s. 4|d. per hour 1/6/49 The Agricultural Workers (Orchardists) Extension Order 1949 1949/117. Tobacco Male, 3s. 5d. per hour ; 1/6/49 The Agricultural Workers 1949/116. female, 2s. 3d. per hour (Tobacco-growers) Extension Order 1949 Market gardens Male, £7 6s. 8d. per week, 3s. 5d. per hour; female, £4 17s. 6d. per week, 2s. 3d. per hour 1/9/49 The Agricultural Workers (Market gardens) Extension Order 1950 1950/16.

Type of Work. Part-time Work. Inexperience. Disability. Other -Reasons. Totals, M. F. M. F. M. F. M. | F. Comments. Dairy-farms Farms and stations .. Market gardens Orchards Totals 5 4 250 1 18 12 1 87 48 1 1 j 11 27 2 1 3 3 . 1 | Includes 11 ! old age | Includes 22 | old age Old age .. 376 95 2 2 9 251 30 1 136 1 40 7 i 475

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(2) Inspections made during the past year under the Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919, numbered 207 compared with only 96 during the previous year, and requisitions covered a total of 296 items (102 more than last year, and 206 more than 1947-48) of which 136 had been complied with by 31st March. Some districts with a large number of sheds have not yet been able to make a general inspection due to shortages of field staff and vehicles, and the inaccessibility of many sheds. (3) The improvement in sawmill accommodation, noted in 1949, has been sustained during the past year, and most of the districts concerned report that the position is at least satisfactory. The number of sawmills providing accommodation inspected during the year was 102, and 28 requisitions were served for improvements to housing. The sawmill housing scheme has been an important element in effecting the improvement noted. The position under the scheme is now as follows: —

(I) Bush Workers Act, 1945 (1) General inspections of bush undertakings during the year numbered 532 compared with 618 during the previous year. (■2) Requisitions for improvements during the year may be compared with those for the previous year in the following table :

(3) Accidents to bush, workers notified to the Department during the calendar year 1949 numbered 643 compared with 603 for the previous year. Fatal accidents to bush workers during 1949 numbered 6 compared with 7 during 1948 and 10 during 1947. These figures do not include accidents to bush workers employed by Government Departments. The causes of the fatal accidents during 1949 were: falling trees, 2 ; rolling logs, 1 ; fall of rock, 1 ; driving rail tractor, 1 ; lack of protective canopy on logging tractor, 1. (4) A survey of accidents in the sawmilling industry (which covers logging, transport, and milling operations) over the past three years shows that the rate is alarmingly high, as compared with other industries. Sawmills and bush undertakings are mostly in areas

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SgSp At 31st March, 1950. At 31st. March, 1949. Increase. Number of applications approved 125 120 5 Number of houses approved 705 528 177 Number of houses completed 464 318 146 Number of houses in course of erection .. 52 63

Requisitions Issued. Requirements. 1948-49. 1949-50. To fit canopies to logging tractors or repair existing 41 17 canopies To. protect machinery, fit guards, &c. 38 23 To repair bridges 43 31 To supply first-aid appliances 77 69 To repair tramways or roads 4 1 To repair rolling-stock 6 4 Requirements in respect of working methods, rigging, 38 8 dangerous trees, ropes, blocks, &c., and improved supervision Other 5 5 Totals 252 158

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remote from centres of population and as a rule medical services are not readily available. Thus, in tlie case of serious accidents, it is generally very difficult to obtain medical attention for the injured workers at the scene of the accident. Consequently, the workers have to be transported considerable distances to a doctor or hospital. (5) Inspectors, when investigating the causes of serious accidents, have been very concerned to find rather crude methods of treating and handling injured workers. It has also been very clear to the Department's Inspectors that few workers have any knowledge whatever of the rudiments of first-aid treatment and the handling of the injured. They have therefore been concerned to see that first-aid facilities are improved, particularly as a knowledge of first aid is not only useful in alleviating the effects of injuries which might otherwise have serious results, but is of immense value to all the members of isolated communities in the treatment of minor injuries and ailments. During the year under review, therefore, the Bush Inspectors in various districts made arrangements with the Order of St. John for series of night classes in first aid in the sawmilling areas. These classes were for the purpose of preparing candidates for examination for the Adult First-aid Certificate. Instructions were given by highlyqualified members of the Order of St. John and comprised a short course of lectures and demonstrations. The interest shown in the courses has been so keen that not only have bush and sawmill workers themselves taken the classes, but also members of their families, as well as farmers and other workers. Indeed, the interest in this work has been so strong that in one area the workers who had passed the examination decided to form themselves into a permanent ambulance division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. (6) As a result of the success of these efforts in first-aid training the Department pursued the matter further. Discussions were held with the Dominion executive of the Order of St. John and medical officers of the Health Department with a view to extending the scheme. The executive of the Order of St. John have decided to provide first-aid training for bush and sawmill workers in remote areas on a Dominion-wide scale. It is hoped to include in the scheme all the other residents in these remote areas. The success of the scheme, however, will depend largely on the raising of necessary funds by the Order of St. John. (m) Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 (1) Notices received, inspections made, and requisitions served over the last four years are as follows :

The increase in notices and inspections is attributable in part to the improved supply of building materials, and in part to the Scaffolding and Excavation Amendment Act, 1948, which brought local bodies and window-cleaning within the scope of the Act. (2) In general the Act is being satisfactorily observed. Little difficulty is experienced with old-established firms or with large builders and contractors in most districts, but small builders, and in particular new entrants to the building industry, are insufficiently acquainted with the provisions of the Act. Several districts report the use of inferior timbers in scaffolding work and in one, at least, timber used for this purpose had to be condemned on a number of occasions before an improvement was made. An increase

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— 1946-47. 1947-48. 1948-49. 1949-50. Notices of intention to erect buildings and scaffolding, and 4,050 3,916 6,013 8,128 commence excavations Inspections made 8,484 10,384 16,033 22,304 Requisitions served 2 2 22 2

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has been noted during the year in the use of tubular-steel scaffolding. Following the condemning of gear, a considerable improvement in swinging stages has been noted in one. district, (3) One fatal accident occurred during the year : A worker employed in demolishing a three-story brick building siipped and fell to the ground. (n) Annual - Holidays Act, 1944 (1) The majority of factories, offices, wholesalers, and merchants again closed down for at least two weeks over the Christmas - New Year period, the opportunity being taken by many firms to clean and overhaul machinery and plant during this period. More retail businesses engaged in the provision of essential services to the public remained open than in previous years, and closed down on the statutory holidays only. Transport services, hotels, restaurants, and accommodation houses were again taxed to their limits during this period. (2) Few short-term employees were adversely affected by the close-down period, and in many cases it would be to their advantage. Many employers grant the holiday in advance and pay these workers in full for the fortnight's holiday on the understanding that they will return to work after the break and complete the full year's service. In some cases, however, the workers fail to return to work, or, if they do return, terminate their employment before the completion of a year's service* with the result that the employer has to bear the loss. (3). The use of holiday cards in respect of short-term employment is still the subject of adverse criticism by employers and workers. Employers, particularly those in rural areas, object to the inconvenience entailed in obtaining stamps and entering cards, while most workers seem to prefer payment in cash and sometimes even refuse payment by way of stamps affixed to cards. Most workers object to the cards because of the necessity to wait twelve months before they can be cashed. The Post and Telegraph Department reports numerous cases of cards being fraudulently manipulated by workers to obtain payment before the amounts are due. During the period under review 38 persons were convicted for fraudulently altering cards for payment, 37 of these convictions being obtained by the Police Department. (4) The following are particulars of the amounts paid by the Post and Telegraph Department on surrender of holiday cards in the .last three years :

(5) Section 2 (1) of the Statutes Amendment Act, 1949, makes it an offence under section 13 of the principal Act to lend money on the security of a holiday card, or, with intent to deceive, to alter one in any material particular. Section 2 (2) of the Statutes Amendment Act, 1949, makes it clear that an Inspector of Factories may sue for a penalty for an offence under the principal Act. Previously the Act had been construed as requiring an Inspector of Awards to take such action. (6) Table XXIII in Appendix I shows that the alleged breaches by employers requiring investigation totalled 1,038, compared with 1,223 in 1948-49. Warnings issued totalled 815, compared with 775 in the previous year.

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Year. Number of Transactions During Period. Amount Paid Out During Period. 1 £ s. d. 1947-48 40,812 62,428 10 1 1948-49 42,469 62,512 3 8 1949-50 42,162 63,159 8 10

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1(0) Servants' Registry Offices Act, 1908 (1) First introduced in 1892 as a result of complaints regarding excessive fees, wrongful charges, and other abuses, this measure provides for the registration of all servants' registry offices carried on for profit. The character of proposed licensees is subject to check ; maximum fees and the records to be kept are prescribed ; inspection by the Inspector of Factories is provided for ; and there is also a prohibition on licensees having an interest in lodginghouses for servants. (2) Of the thirteen registered premises referred to in last year's report two have not renewed licences. Two others have commenced business. Thus there were thirteen offices registered as at 31st March, 1950. The activities of one of these is restricted to nurse-housekeepers and registered nurses. There are at least two other "establishments restricted to the placing of nurses, but as these do not charge fees registration is unnecessary. (3) In 1933 the International Labour Conference adopted a convention providing for the abolition of fee-charging employment agencies. It received very limited support and even those countries that ratified it found difficulty in its application. It has therefore been revised and now provides alternatives, (a) the progressive abolition, and (b) the regulation, of such agencies. (p) Share-milking Agreements Act, 1937 (1) This Act operates only where the farm-owner provides the herd. Every share-milking agreement is to operate not less favourably for the share-milker in any respect than the terms and conditions specified. (2) Use of the share-milking system is chiefly centred in a few North Island districts, .and the Department's activities have been largely in the direction of furnishing information (there being a considerable demand for copies of the standard terms and conditions) .and advice, with some small assistance in the appointment of arbitrators or the .adjudication in disputes. (3) Terms and conditions at present in operation are those contained in the Sharemilking Agreements Order 1946 (Serial number 1946/156) as amended in 1948 (Serial aiumber 1948/36). Two sets of circumstances are provided for, (a) where the sharemilkers' duties comprise only care and feeding of stock and milking, and (6) where the sharemilkers' duties comprise milking, care and feeding of stock, and farm-maintenance work. Variation of conditions, if agreed to by or on behalf of organizations representing farmers and workers, or as recommended by the Court of Arbitration if those organizations are unable to reach agreement, can be effected by Order in Council. Section s—lndustrial5 —Industrial Relations (a) The Court of Arbitration (1) The work of the Court in making awards and approving (for economic stabilization purposes) industrial agreements is indicated by the following table :

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1 Year ended 31st March, ' 1949. 1950. Awards made 167 185 Industrial agreements approved 55 58 Amendments to existing awards or industrial agreements 17 508* Apprenticeship orders made 15 8 Amendments to existing apprenticeship orders 7 7 Miscellaneous (interpretations, enforcements, &c.) 119 71 ' , * The Court, during this period amended awards and industrial agreements in line with the Standard Wage Pronouncement dated 12th April, 1949, and recorded in 49 Book of Awards 641. This pronouncement was reported in the, Department's annual report, for the year ended 31st March, 1949. ■ 1

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(2) There were 580 awards and industrial agreements in force on 31st March, 1950. This figure is a decrease of 35 from the total of 615 at 31st March, 1949. (b) Conciliation Commissioners (1) The work performed by the three Conciliation Commissioners during the yearis indicated below, together with a comparison of the work performed by them in theprevious year : 1948-49. 1949-50. Disputes where complete agreement reached . . 131 107 Disputes where substantial agreement reached 12 9 Disputes where partial agreement reached 49 66 Disputes where no agreement reached .. 2 1 Disputes where sittings were not complete or had been adjourned .. .. .. 22 10 Disputes where claims were withdrawn .. 14 4 Meetings of disputes committees set up under provisions of awards .. .. .. 24 33 Conferences called under Industrial Relations Act, 1949 .. .. .. .. .... 1 Other conferences, &c. .. .. 22 8 (2) Under the Industrial Relations Act, 1949, power is given to a Conciliation' Commissioner, in certain circumstances, to call a compulsory conference of the parties involved in any issue which in his opinion is not specifically provided for in any award or industrial agreement, in an endeavour to secure a settlement. During the year the Conciliation Commissioner in Auckland called such a conference of the parties to a dispute at the Portland Cement-works, and this dispute was eventually settled in Conciliation Council proceedings. (c) Registration of Industrial Associations and Unions The return required by the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act showing the number of affiliated unions in each industrial association and the number of members in each industrial union as at 31st December, 1949, is appended (see Appendix II). The following figures summarize this return :

(d) Labour Disputes Investigation Act, 1913 There were 16 agreements filed under this Act during the year, the same number as those filed last year. On the 31st March, 1950, there were 17 such agreements in force (last year, 16).

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— 31st December, 1948. 31st December, 1949. Number. Membership. Number. Membership. Employers' associations 22 150 • 21 145 Employers' unions 277 17,811 282 18,396 Workers' associations .. .. 35 186 36 192 Workers' unions 374 271,100 372 275,977

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(e) Industrial Disputes (1) There were 113 industrial disturbances during the year ended 31st March, compared with 112 in the preceding year. They were distributed among the various industries for duration as follows :

(2) It will be observed that 97 of the 113 disturbances occurred in only three industries : coal-mining, meat processing, and waterside work. A number of the stoppages in these industries were merely unauthorized stop-work meetings of workers. Such stoppages of course have long been characteristic of these industries. (/) Minimum Wage Act, 1945 (1) This Act provides for a minimum wage for all persons of twenty-one years and upwards (with certain limited exceptions). It is chiefly a protection for workers who do not enjoy the benefit of awards, industrial agreements, other collective agreements, or wage-fixation orders. The rates fixed by the original Act were increased in 1947, and •during 1949 they were further increased consequent on increases in wage-rates generally. The Minimum Wage Amendment Act, 1949, provided for the minimum wage-rates for .adults to be increased to the following from Ist September, 1949 : Males. Females. £ s. d. £ s. d. Per hour .. .. ..033 022 Per day .. .. ..1 6 0 0 17 4 Per week .. .. ..650 430 (2) The Act continues to be satisfactorily observed. Details of the alleged breaches which occurred during the year are shown in Tables XXIII and XXIV of Appendix I. (g) Minimum Wage-rates Fixed by Awards and Industrial Agreements (1) The Court of Arbitration issued a decision on 12th April, 1949, on two applications under Regulations 39b and 39c of the Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 for a pronouncement specifying standard rates of wages. This decision is recorded in 49 Book of Awards 641 and was reported in the Department's annual report for the year ended 31st March, 1949. (2) Table XX of Appendix I shows the minimum wage-rates in a number of occupations as at 31st March, 1950. Where there is no Dominion or similar award in force, Wellington rates are shown.

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Industry. Up to One Day. More than One Day and Up to Three Days. More than Three Days and Up to Ten Days. Over Ten Days. Go-slow. Total. Coal-mining Meat processing, &e. Shipping : Watersiders Transport Engineering Building and construction .. Total 39 3 25 1 1 5 6 4 2 1 1 3 7 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 56 10 31 2 2 ' 3 9 74 17 14 7 1 113

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(h) Amendments to Legislation (1) The Industrial Relations Act, 1949, is a new legislative experiment in industrial relations in New Zealand. Provision is made in the Act for a national " Industrial Advisory Council" on which employers and workers will be represented, and on which there will also be other persons included by virtue of the expert or specially experienced contributions which they can make. This national Council is extremely flexible in personnel, provision being made for adding to it either permanently or temporarily asmay be required. Provision is also made for special Advisory Councils for particular industries or localities, similarly constituted and reporting through the national Council.. (2) Both the Industrial Advisory Council (the national body) and the special Advisory Councils are " to inquire into and make reports and recommendations to the Minister (of Labour) on such ways and means of improving industrial relations and industrial welfare as from time to time appear to be practicable, whether suggested by the Councilor referred to it by the Minister, including in particular, such matters as incentivepayment, profit-sharing, and similar schemes, the safety and health of workers, theprovision of amenities, and the establishment of works committees and other employerworker organizations." (3) The measure also enables a Conciliation Commissioner or a person nominated! by the Minister to call a compulsory conference of parties where there is reason to believe that a matter not provided for in the award or industrial agreement governing the industry is causing or likely to cause industrial unrest. (4) There are many aspects of industry which are not matters of dispute between workers and employers, and in which there is wide scope for collaboration between them. In such matters as the prevention of accidents in industry, the training of workers,, stability of employment, reduction of labour turnover, efficiency and production, and. many others they have a great deal of common ground. (5) During the war years the Industrial Emergency Council of employers' and workers' representatives tackled many of the special problems arising out of wartimeneeds, and it was found that this procedure of joint consultation on matters of common interest produced very substantial results. Problems were solved which could never have been solved unilaterally. (6) In considering any such legislation it is important to recognize that no Act of Parliament can of itself create good industrial relations. Employers and workers must create these out of their willingness to get together in the pursuit of common interestsand to get to understand each other. What has been particularly lacking in the past has been any organized means of doing so except in relation to disputes. The Industrial Relations Act provides such a means. (7) The Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, was amended during the year by the Finance Act, 1949, and the Statutes Amendment Act, 1949, as follows: The Finance Act, 1949, section 21, amended section 89 of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, with the object of giving full effect to the intention of the legislature when the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Amendment Act, 1939, was enacted. By that Act the Minister of Labour is empowered in the case of a discontinuance of work by workers, to cancel the registration of the workers' union concerned either in whole or in payt; whereupon the award applying to such workers is automatically cancelled tothe same extent. (8) Some doubt had been raised as to whether such action by the Minister (where the cancellation of registration was confined to part only of an industrial district) was not nullified by the provisions of section 89 (3) of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, which binds as subsequent parties to an award all unions and employers connected with or engaged in the industry to which the award applies within the industrial district to which the award relates.

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(9) The New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Carpenters' and Joiners' and Joiners' Machinists' Industrial Union of Workers, was cancelled by the Minister of Labour in respect of the area lying within a radius of fifty-six miles from the Chief Post-office at Auckland, and a new Carpenters' and Joiners' Union was subsequently registered in respect of, and obtained a new award for, that area. The deregistered union claimed that by virtue of section 89 (3) of the principal Act, it still had jurisdiction within the area referred to. Section 21 of the Finance Act, 1949, merely aimed at making it dear that the provisions of section 89 (3) (binding subsequent parties) applies only within the area to which the award for the time being relates. (10) The Statutes Amendment Act, 1949, section 25, makes provision for the appointment of an additional Judge of the Court of Arbitration, authorizes him to hold another •office concurrently without extra salary, and repeals the provision requiring additional nominated members of the Court to be appointed whenever an additional Judge is .appointed. This measure was required in connection with the appointment of the •Chairman of the Government Service Tribunal. (11) Section 26 of the same Act amends section 134 of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925 (as to appeals from Magistrates). It re-enacts the subsection that .applies the provisions of the Magistrates' Courts Act, 1928 (as to appeals from Magistrate to the Supreme Court), to appeals from Magistrates to the Court of Arbitration, so as to substitute references to the appropriate sections of the new Magistrates' Courts Act, 1947, and also to provide for the lodging of appeals with the Clerk of Awards instead of the Registrar of the Supreme Court. Section 6—Apprenticeship i(a) Administrative Developments (1) As a result of the consolidation in 1948 of the legislation relating to apprentices, it was necessary to reissue the Apprentices Regulations during 1949. These regulations .are confined to the machinery and forms required for the operation of the Apprentices Act, 1948. (2) One more District Commissioner of Apprenticeship was appointed during the year. He is stationed at Hamilton, and is responsible for apprenticeship work in the departmental districts of Hamilton, Paeroa, Tauranga, Rotorua, Gisborne, and Taumarunui. These were previously in the Auckland District Commissioner's area. .(b) New Zealand Apprenticeship Committees There are now twenty-three New Zealand Apprenticeship Committees, one for the lead-burning and chemical plumbing industry having been constituted during 1949. New Zealand apprenticeship orders have been made for all but one of the industries with which these Committees deal, and in some instances have already been amended on the recommendation of the Committees concerned as the result of experience in their working. The Committees meet at least once each year ; those whose orders contain -clauses dealing with technical education meet twice or three times a year in order to discuss ways of putting those, clauses into effect. y{c) The Education of Apprentices (1) Technical education of apprentices during normal working-hours, commonly .called " daylight training " in New Zealand, began in two industries in 1949, through the -co-operation of technical and other schools. Day classes for motor mechanics were begun .and successfully carried on in nine places, and two other towns saw these classes instituted early in 1950. Apprentices attend day classes for four'hours each week during the first three years of their apprenticeship, and are required also to attend for two evenings a week for theoretical studies.

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, (2) Classes for plumbing apprentices were begun in thirteen schools, apprentices attending throughout their apprenticeship for four hours a week. (An alternativearrangement of eight hours a fortnight has been introduced in some places in 1950.)In three cities, Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch, full-time instructors of" plumbing have been appointed in the technical schools. In other places, where thenumbers of apprentices are too small to warrant such appointments, part-time instructors ; have been available from the industry to take the classes. (3) The baking industry has for a considerable time been closely associated with the Wheat Research Institute in Christchurch, which is administered by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. A series of technical classes at that Institute for apprentices in baking began in November, 1949. Apprentices from all over New Zealand spend a continuous period of four weeks at the Institute, the staff of which has been increased to meet this new development. As in other industries, apprentices' wages for the period are paid by their employers, and their fares to and from Christchurch are met from the vote for the Department of Labour and Employment. Since the Education Department has also been concerned in that it made a grant to the Wheat Research Institute to meet the additional costs required, it is evident that several groups have worked together to bring about the end desired, of improving the technical knowledge of the recruits to the industry. (4) The opening of the school year in 1950 has seen the beginning of classes in tWelve schools on Saturday mornings for apprentices in the electrical industry. Here apprentices are to be paid at ordinary rates by their employers for the time spent at Saturday classes, and the time is to be credited towards their terms of apprenticeship. (5) For the furniture trade a system of attendance at courses of instruction lasting a week at a time is provided in the apprenticeship order. One such course was held at New Plymouth in January for apprentices in the Taranaki district. (6) The first day classes in sheet-metal working were begun in Dunedin in March of this year, apprentices attending for four hours every second week, as well as for two hours one evening each week. (7) Increasing use is being made by Apprenticeship Committees of the services of the Education Department's Technical Correspondence School. There are many apprentices situated in places where the number in any one trade does not justify the opening of classes for them, and for them correspondence study is the only means open. In the motor, electrical, and carpentry industries country apprentices are ordered by the appropriate New Zealand Apprenticeship Committees to undertake courses of correspondence study. Courses are now being prepared in other industries for the benefit of further apprentices. (8) There is close co-operation between the officers of the Education Department and those of the Apprenticeship Division, and the successful initiation of daytime classes for apprentices has been possible only because of the willingness of that Department and of the various schools to undertake new and heavy responsibilities. One such responsibility has been the running by the Education Department of refresher courses for instructors in motor engineering and in plumbing. Part-time instructors in particular have profited much from attendance at those courses. (9) Plans for daylight training of apprentices in industries other than those given above are in various stages of maturity, but are not yet in operation. (d) Local Apprenticeship Committees The great interest shown in apprenticeship by local Committees continues to be most encouraging to the officers of the Department who are their chairmen and who do the administrative work arising from the exercise of their statutory powers. At 31st March there were 186 local Committees operating.

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i(e) Statistics of Apprentices Details of the numbers of apprenticeship contracts in force at 31st March, 1950, and of the numbers of new contracts entered into during the twelve months up to that date, are given in Table XXI of Appendix I. There were 13,063 contracts in force on 31st March, an increase of 195 on the figure twelve months earlier. The number of new contracts entered into is 3,372. Of the new contracts 1,322 were in the building trades. t{/) Lodging-allowances for Apprentices Since Ist January, 1948, lodging-allowances have been payable to apprentices obliged to live away from home to learn their trades. At 31st March, 1950, 1,105 such .allowances were being paid. t(g) Adult Apprenticeships Section 25 of the Apprentices Act, 1948, provides that persons over the age of eighteen who desire to enter into special contracts of apprenticeship may apply for contracts in which the conditions are varied from those set out in apprenticeship orders. The approval of the Court of Arbitration is necessary for these contracts, in which the most ■common variations are shorter terms and higher wages than those prescribed by the relevant orders. In the period under review 94 such contracts were approved by the ■Court, an increase of 6 on the figure reported last year. Section 7 —Home Aid Service (1) The Home Aid Service operated by this Department is designed to provide •capable domestic assistance in homes in cases of sickness or maternity. (2) Home Aids are paid on a wage scale based on experience*and qualifications, .and normal Public Service conditions of leave and superannuation apply. (3) Charges to householders for the service of Aids are fixed at 2s. 3d. per hour, .although in cases of hardship application may be made to the district officer of the Department for reduction of charges. (4) The demand for assistance from households has in most districts continued to •exceed the supply of Aids available. Every effort has been made through newspaper advertisements, radio announcements, and personal contact to recruit additional Aids, .and enlistments are also made under the immigration scheme. Throughout the year .an average of 61 girls was engaged in this worth-while work. During the year ended ..31st March, 1950, 2,609 cases were serviced, and it is still necessary to allocate Aids in -accordance with the relative priority and emergency of the applications received. .Service could not be allocated in many cases due directly to shortage of Aids. (5) The service continues to operate in nine districts, and in Wellington and Auckland hostel accommodation has been provided. These hostels, besides providing .accommodation to Aids recruited from outside districts, also provide training centres to qualify inexperienced recruits in carrying out normal household duties. The Aids normally work a forty-hour five-day week, but this is varied in cases where an Aid is required to " live-in "on a case. (6) The peak number of Aids employed during , the past year was 67 at the end of June, 1949, while the number remaining in the Service at the end of March, 1950, was 55. . (7) Details of the service in the various districts are shown in Table IX of Appendix I.

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Section B—Personnel8 —Personnel Advisory Service (1) The work of the Department in providing a personnel advisory service to industry generally has suffered a set-baek through the prolonged absence of the officer in chargeof this work due to illness. Prior to his absence, this officer was dealing with personnel problems in the Wellington and neighbouring districts as such problems were referred to him by industry. A number of investigations in various factories had been made.. Work was also being carried out for the Armed Forces and for Government Departments.. He had also made preliminary visits to other centres. (2) To the limited extent possible, personnel work based on training problems hasbeen carried forward over recent months in association with Training Within Industry (T.W.1.) in the Wellington area. This work has been concentrated mainly in a few large concerns where a number of problems closely linked with training have been dealt with in the course of introducing T.W.I. Under the existing circumstances it hasnot been possible to maintain the development of personnel advisory work apart from. T.W.L aspects. Section 9—Training Within Industry for Supervisors (T.W.1.) (1) Training Within Industry Programmes (T.W.1.) were developed from the pooled experience of industry to increase wartime production. They reduce waste of materials, time and effort. by training supervisors in the skill of instructing (job instruction), the skill of leading (job relations), and the skill of improving methods (job' methods). Its success in the United States led to the extension of T.W.I, to other countries and to its further development. The Ministry of Labour and National Servicein Great Britain has become an important centre for T.W.I, research and the International Labour Office is sponsoring the establishment of T.W.I, in Europe and the Far East. During 1949 a conference convened by the International Labour Office to consider systems of supervisory training decided that: " T.W.I'., which was drawn up in a situation requiring rapid and efficient assistance to production, is especially designed to enable the rapid. spreading of the programme throughout industry. It may thus be of" particular importance in introducing, with the shortest delay possible, supervisory training on a large scale in the different countries." (2) The three years of experience of T.W.L in this country may be divided into-i two experimental periods. The first covered an exploratory testing of demand. By the ■ end of the first year it had been proved that the Job Instruction Programme met a real need and was acceptable to New Zealand managements and supervisors. It was decided to concentrate first on the Job Instruction Programme, but further successful experiments have recently been made with the Job Relations Programme. Requests havealso been received for the Job Methods Programme, but owing to organizational problems • no groups have yet been taken. (3) During the second period the object has been to solve problems of organization and training of staff inherent in adapting to New Zealand conditions a scheme worked out for large-scale organizations in industrial countries overseas. T.W.I, is now enteringa third phase in which the object is the training of staff to undertake further field development. (4) The principal differences between New Zealand and overseas conditions are the size of firms, the wide variety of fields or occupations asking for T.W.1., and the division of New Zealand into four centres. Without losing the T.W.I, approach that a small permanent staff should help industry to help itself, the T.W.I. Service has now evolved a method of organizing the T.W.I, scheme in the small establishments typical of local. conditions, and this represents the principal advance during the year. The second main advance during 1949 has been the improvement of the presentation of the JobInstruction 1 Programme by the incorporation of New Zealand experience with the--experience of the past ten years overseas.

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(5) Firms with two or more years' experience of job instruction are now arranging further training for new supervisors appointed as a result of staff changes and promotions. This illustrates the continuity of demand for T.W.I. During the year also, the T.W.I. Service has been assisting managements in an increasingly wide number of fields to organize the Job Instruction Programme for their supervisors. It has been extended for example, from industry generally to such widely differing fields as the Public Service, the Air Force (trade training), hospital household staff, and civilian air transport. It has also been shown that the introduction of T.W.I, creates an interest in other techniques of personnel management. (6) Another development has been the introduction of the Job Instruction Programme into localities in the North Island outside the main centres. A survey of demand for T.W.I. was made also in Christchurch and Dunedin during 1949, preparatory to organizing in these centres, but it was apparent that the staff was too small to deal with the demand revealed and that consolidation of organization and administration and the training of further staff should precede development in the South Island. (7) By 31st March, 1950, the number of supervisors trained by the ten-hour Job Instruction Programme was as follows :

Supervisors Trained in Job Instruction

By 31st March, 1950, there had been 67 representatives of firms, Government Departments, Air Force, and Army trained by the T.W.I. Service as Job Instruction Trainers (known as Firms' Trainers), 29 having been trained during the year 1949-50. These Firms' Trainers have been trained to enable them to undertake the training of supervisors in the Job Instruction Programme within their own establishments. (8) Of the 1,699 supervisors trained in job instruction to date, the following table shows the number trained by Firms' Trainers, and those trained by the full-time staff of the T.W.I. Service :

(9) The 1,699 supervisors trained in job instruction have been distributed as follows : '

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— 1947-49. 1949-50. Total. Manufacturing industry 561 385 946 Public Service 321 192 513 Air Force and Army 115 115 * Hospitals 44 31 75 Others 25 25 50 ! 951 748 1,699

1947-49. 1949-50. Total. Firms' Trainers 314 350 664 T.W.I. Service Trainers 637 398 1,035

■ — 1947-49. 1949-50. Total. Auckland 323 387 710 Wellington - Lower Hutt 506 223 729 Other districts .. .. 122 138 260 951 748 1 1,699

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(10) A total of 109 supervisors, mainly in the Public Service, has been trained during experiments with the ten-hour Job Relations Programme. No groups have been taken in Job Methods. (11) The fact that T.W.I, has been established under conditions which are so widelydifferent from those in the countries of its origin is a tribute to its versatility and universal application. Section 10—International Labour Organization (a) Thirty-second Session (1) The report of the Government delegates to the above session of the International Labour Conference has already been presented as parliamentary paper A-7, 1950. The following conventions and recommendations were adopted by the Conference : (i) Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention. (ii) Labour Clauses (Public Contracts) Convention. (iii) Labour Clauses (Public Contracts) Recommendation. (iv) Protection of Wages Convention. (v) Protection of Wages Recommendation. (vi) Vocational Guidance Recommendation. (vii) Fee-charging Employment Agencies Convention (revised). (viii) Migration for Employment Convention (revised). (ix) Migration for Employment Recommendation (revised). (2) The following Maritime Conventions adopted at Seattle in 1946 were amended : (i) Paid Vacations (Seafarers) Convention. (iij Accommodation of Crews Convention. (iii) Wages, Hours of Work, and Manning (Sea) Convention. (b) Membership of the 1.L.0. This now stands at sixty countries, with the recent admission of Israel and Lebanon, and the withdrawal of Yugoslavia. (c) Publications of the 1.L.0. The regular publications of the 1.L.0., such as the International Labour Review and the Industrial Safety Survey, continue to be received. In addition, the following special reports and studies have been issued during the current year : (i) Labour Problems in Greece. (ii) Labour Courts in Latin America. (iii) Seafarers' Conditions in India and Pakistan. (iv) International Standard Classification of Occupations. (v) Wages and Payroll Statistics. (vi) Methods of Family-living Studies. (vii) The Development of the Co-operative Movement in Asia. (viii) Vocational Training of Adults in Belgium. (ix) Vocational Training of Adults in the United States. (x) Model Code of Safety Regulations for Industrial Establishments. (d) Asian Work of the 1.L.0. (1) The post-war development of the 1.L.0.'s . work in Asia began with the Preparatory Asian Conference of the 1.L.0. held at New Delhi in 1947. The report of the New Zealand Government delegation to the Conference was published as parliamentary paper A-7, 1947. Following this, and marking the new emphasis of the International Labour Office on field work, an 1.L.0. Asian Field Office to deal with man-power problems in Asia was established at Bangalore, India. (2) Furthering resolutions passed at the New Delhi Conference, and in preparation for the projected Asian Conference, two technical meetings were held, a conference of representatives of Labour Inspection Services in Asian countries which met at Kandy,

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Ceylon, in November, 1948, and a conference of experts on technical training, held at Singapore, September, 1949. At the latter meeting, New Zealand was represented by the Commissioner of Apprenticeship, Mr. H. C. McQueen. (3) The Asian Regional Conference, for which all the above conferences had laid the groundwork, was held at Nuwara Eliya, Ceylon, in January, 1950. The agenda was (i) Labour Inspection. (ii) Provision of Facilities for the Promotion of Workers' Welfare. (iii) Development of the Co-operative Movement. (iv) Projected Survey of Agricultural Wages and Incomes of Primary Producers. (v) Organization of Man-power. The New Zealand delegation was : Government Delegates — Mr. E. B. Taylor, Assistant Secretary of Labour. Mr. H. G. Duncan, 1.L.0. Conventions Officer, Department of Labour and Employment. Employers' Delegate — Mr. W. G. V. Fernie, Vice-President, New Zealand Employers' Federation. Workers' Delegate— Mr. J. A. Barton, President, Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants. Several resolutions on the agenda subjects were adopted by the Conference, mostly concerned with the practical implementation of the 1.L.0.'s Asian programme of work. The report of the Government delegates will shortly be presented to Parliament. (e) 1.L.0. Committees—Meetings (1) The industrial Committees of the 1.L.0. were established to deal with the special problems of individual industries. During the current year, the following industrial Committees held meetings : Coal-mines ; Inland Transport; Iron and Steel; Metal Trades. (2) The Advisory Committee on Co-operation, established by the Governing Body at its ninety-eighth session, held its first session in Geneva in October, 1949. (3) The Governing Body has also established a Committee on Indigenous Labour, to study the problems of primitive indigenous populations throughout the world. (4) The New Zealand Government accepted an 1.L.0. invitation to nominate a member of the Committee, and accordingly Professor Ernest Beaglehole of Victoria University College has been appointed a member. (5) The second meeting of the Committee of Social Security Experts was held at Wellington from Bth to 20th February, 1950. The annual report of the Social Security Department contains a report on the meeting. (/) The Seventh International Conference of Labour Statisticians (1) The above Conference met at Geneva from 26th September to Bth October, 1949. It was attended by delegates from twenty-nine countries and by representatives from the United Nations and the Food and Agriculture Organization. (2) The agenda of the Conference was : (i) International Standard Classification of Occupations. (ii) Statistics of Payrolls and Earnings. (iii) Methods of Family-living Studies. (iv) Methods of Statistics of Productivity of Labour. (v) Resolution of the 1.L.0. Chemical Industries' Committee on Statistics of Accidents and Occupational Diseases.

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(3) Decisions taken on the above items were : (i) The Conference adopted nine major groups for the international standard classification of occupations. The Conference also recommended that the International Labour Office should carry forward its work on the classification of occupations with the aim of estabhshing sub-groups or occupational unit groups that would be comparable internationally. (ii) The Conference adopted a resolution urging countries to ratify Convention No. 63 if they had not already done so. In addition, the Conference adopted resolutions relating to statistics of real wages, wages by occupations, and social security costs. (iii) The Conference adopted a resolution setting international standards for the conduct of family-living studies. In addition, it adopted resolutions recommending that the Office should arrange for the study of different methods of collecting information for family-living studies and proposing that a committee of qualified technical experts be set up to study the problems of family-living studies in less well-developed areas. (iv) The Conference recommended that the Office should continue its studies of labour productivity, and that the subject should be placed on the agenda of the next International Conference of Labour Statisticians. (v) The Conference adopted a resolution that no Convention on the subject be adopted at the present but suggested that the Office should prepare a report on the classification of causes of industrial injuries for the next session of the International Conference of Labour Statisticians. (<7) Conference of Experts on Pneumoconiosis (1) The above Conference was held at the University of Sydney from the 28th February to 11th March. (2) The agenda was : (i) Present stage of knowledge of pathogenesis, clinical aspects, and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. (ii) Present stage of preventive measures (medical and social measures ; mechanical and technical measures). (iii) Exchange of views on the possibility of defining minimum international standards of compensation for disability caused by pneumoconiosis. New Zealand was represented by Dr. D. P. Kennedy, District Industrial Medical Officer, Christchurch, and Dr. E. C. Brewis, of Hamilton. (h) Fact-finding and Conciliation Commission on Freedom of Association (1) A proposal for the setting-up of such a Commission was approved by the Governing Body in June, 1949. Following consultations with the Secretary-General of United Nations, the Economic and Social Council requested the 1.L.0. to proceed with its establishment. Accordingly, the Governing Body at its January, 1950, session, approved the establishment of a nine-man panel to examine infringement of trade-union rights. It is to act on behalf of the United Nations as well as the 1.L.0. Complaints can be referred to the Commission by either the Governing Body or the general Conference of the 1.L.0. Any Government against which a complaint is made may also ask the Commission to investigate. Complaints cannot be referred to the Commission without the consent of the Government concerned;

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(2) Subsequent to New Zealand Government acceptance of an invitation from the 1.L.0., Mr. Justice Tyndall, Judge of the Court of Arbitration, has been appointed as •a member of the Commission. t{i) Ratification of Conventions. During the year the New Zealand Government ratified the Convention concerning Employment Service, bringing the number of 1.L.0. Conventions ratified by New .Zealand to thirty-two. (j) Thirty-third Session. (1) The above session of the International Labour Conference will be held in Geneva, ■Switzerland, from 7th June to Ist July. The agenda is : (i) Director-General's Report. (ii) Financial and Budgetary Questions. (iii) Information and Reports on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations. (iv) Industrial Relations. (v) Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value. (vi) Agricultural Labour : General Report. (vii) Minimum Wage Regulation in Agriculture. (viii) Vocational Training of Adults, Including Disabled Persons. (2) New Zealand will be represented by : Representing the Government—Mr. H. L. Bockett, Secretary of Labour and Director of Employment. Mr. T. P. Davin, First Secretary, New Zealand Legation, Paris. Mr. N. S. Woods, Chief Research Officer, Department of Labour and Employment. (Adviser.) Representing the Employers — Mr. Val. Duff, Secretary, Taranaki Employers' Association. Mr. F. W. McCullough, Secretary, Otago Employers' Association (Adviser). Representing the Workers — Mr. K. McL. Baxter, Secretary, New Zealand Federation of Labour. Mr. W. A. Fox, Secretary, Federated Cooks' and Stewards' Union of New Zealand (Adviser). Section 11—Other Statutes (a) Tenancy Legislation (1) The operating Act for the current year has been the Tenancy Act, 1948, and amendments. (2) The Finance Act (No. 2), 1949, made special provision exempting tenancies of dwelling houses for visitors to the British Empire Games from the Tenancy Act, 1948, subject to certain conditions. (3) The Statutes Amendment Act, 1949, amended the principal Act by inserting a clause exempting applications made to the Court to fix a fair rent (and appeals therefrom to the Court of Appeal) from payment of Court fees. (4) Table XXV of Appendix I shows the work performed during the year in respect of tenancies within the scope of the Act.

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(b) Weights and Measures Act, 1925 (1) The following table shows the verification and reverification work carried out on weights and measures and weighing and measuring instruments :

(2) Inspection work covering the requirements of the regulations as to net weight and standard weight of packages, the sale of firewood, coke, and coal, and the provisions relating to the weight of bread was carried out as follows :

* Figures for 1948-49 have been amended since the 1949 report was published. (3) New Appliances.—Thirteen appliances presenting novel features were dealt with during the year. Of this number, seven were approved and six were still under review on 31st March. In five cases modifications to the original design of patterns submitted were found necessary. Details are : Approved — A semi-self-indicating and price-computing counter scale of 14 lb. capacity. A self-indicating dial platform scale of 300 lb. capacity. A self-indicating under-and-over platform machine of 500 lb. capacity. A dormant self-indicating dial platform scale of 20 cwt. capacity. A spring balance of 30 lb. capacity. A liquid flow-meter for the measurement of lubricating-oils. A liquid flow-meter for large bulk deliveries. Under review— A self-indicating and price-computing scale of 4 lb. capacity. A self-indicating scale of 4 lb. capacity. A self-indicating dial platform scale of 56 lb. capacity. A spring balance of 30 lb. capacity. A liquid flow-meter for the measurement of lubricating-oils. A liquid flow-meter for large bulk deliveries. (c) Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 (1) Workers' Compensation Amendment Act, 1949. —The 1949 amendment authorized the Compensation Court to exempt from liability to insure with the General Manager of the State Accident Insurance Office, Commonwealth shipping companies belonging to •Mutual Protecting Clubs established and controlled in the United Kingdom.

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Article. 1948-49. 1949-50. Submitted. Rejected or Adjusted. Submitted. Rejected or Adjusted. Weights 40,548 7,819 42,490 7,523 Measures 6,428 376 4,336 159 Weighing-instruments 26,985 3,998 28,658 3,660 Measuring-instruments 5,962 1,577 7,501 2,043 Milk and oil bottles 2,846,202 26,313 3,708,124 18,813

— ■ 1948-49.* 1949-50. Packages checked 41,889 47,996 Found incorrect 3,492 4,414 Bags of coal checked 694 1,056 Found incorrect 236 200 Loaves of bread checked 7,297 8,240 Found incorrect 898 1,498

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(2) The amendment also exempted the New Zealand National Airways Corporation and the Linen Flax Corporation from the obligation to insure under the 1947 Amendment Act. (3) Certain machinery provisions were also enacted in respect of applications for exemption. (4) The Amendment Act of 1949 increased the maximum amounts of compensation by £250 so that for death or permanent total disability the maximum is now £1,750 over and above any weekly payments not exceeding a total of £250 during incapacity, and also increased the maximum weekly compensation payments from £5 10s. to £6. (5) Provision is also made by section 6 of the amendment, to ensure that where the injured worker is required to submit to examination by a medical referee, his reasonable transport expenses, including expenses for meals and lodging, shall be payable by the employer, also the amount of any wages lost by him by reason of his submitting to the examination. (6) Statutes Amendment Act, 1949. —The Workers' Compensation Act, 1922, was also amended by the Statutes Amendment Act, 1949, to make the Act applicable to all employment whether casual or otherwise and whether or not the employment is in or for the purposes of any trade or business carried on by the employer. (7) By the same Act provision is made for the reimbursement of the worker of the cost of treatment of teeth or of provision, replacement, or repair of artificial dentures where the worker's natural teeth or his artificial dentures are damaged. The maximum amount payable under this section is not to exceed £lO in respect of any one accident. Section 12—Administration and Staff (a) General The increase in the number of persons employed by the Department at 31st March, 1950, as compared with 31st March, 1949, is mainly due to the employment of additional ■domestic staff necessary as the result of hostel expansion. Slight increases in the number of staff employed in other capacities will be noted, but the subsequent filling of vacancies existing at 31st March, 1949, is the main reason for these. (b) Inspection Staff Although a slight decrease is shown in the number of Factory Inspectors, this is offset by the fact that larger numbers of Inspectors are now more experienced. During the year further clerical officers of a suitable type with a good departmental background were recruited for inspection work. The policy of transferring clerical staff to field-work is not only a means of filling inspection vacancies but also gives the long-term benefit of providing all-round experienced officers for senior positions in the future. (c) Military Training Although the subject of military training is dealt with more fully in another section of this report, mention should be made under this heading of the effect the operation of the Military Training Act, 1949, has had on the staffing and organization of the Department. This new function has not resulted in any substantial increase in the numerical strength of the staff and, apart from the establishment of a very small division in Head Office to handle military training administration, recruitment of additional staff to cope with the extra work has not been necessary. (d) Office Accommodation Office accommodation throughout the Department is generally satisfactory, but the alterations which must be made in Head Office to ensure maximum efficiency still have to be carried out. The same remarks apply to the Wellington district office. It is hoped that the work on these two offices will be completed this year.

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(e) Liaison With Health Department The closest liaison continues to be maintained with the Health Department in the promotion of industrial welfare, and the Department is most appreciative of the cooperation given by Dr. Garland, Director of the Division of Industrial Hygiene, and the four specialist medical officers attached to this Department's offices in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. These specialists work in close collaboration with Inspectors of Factories who have particularly benefited from the lectures and training they have received. (/) Office Inspection Pending the appointment of an Office Inspector, inspections of the majority of district offices by senior officers from Head Office were undertaken during ] 949. Because of the limited time available to them these officers were unable to complete a comprehensive inspection programme, but their inspection reports disclose that the implementation of the plans made for amalgamation have resulted in a very satisfactory district office organization which operates with cohesion and uniformity. (g) Factories Inspectors' Examination Regulations 1949 During the year the first examination was conducted under the Factories Inspectors Examination Regulations 1949. Fifty-four candidates were successful. In August, 1950, the second examination will be conducted. Although this examination is principally for field officers, officers in the clerical division are being encouraged to qualify. In addition to obtaining the qualifications and thus becoming eligible for training in the field, clerical officers in the course of studying for the examination will acquire knowledge which will be of considerable benefit in their normal duties. (Ji) Staff Training (1) During the year one course of three weeks' duration was held for twelve trainee Factory Inspectors, and these trainees are now engaged in full-time practical work. Several short courses were held for officers taking up special appointments for which, they required special training. (2) A two-day conference of District Officers was held in December to discussorganization relating to the Military Training Act. (3) It is pleasing to record that the six Inspectors who attended the course in sanitary inspection at the Wellington Technical College, gained high placings in the college examinations. They have all completed their three months' period of duty with the Health Department. These six officers will be sitting for the Royal Sanitary Institute Examination in June, 1950. (i) Analysis of Staff Employed The following tables analyse the staff employed at 31st March, 1950.

Location of Staff at 31st March, 1950

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I j Males. Females. Total, 31st March, 1950. Total, 31st March* 194t». Head Office 91 43 134 139 Districts 433 159 592 569 Secondments to London 9 1 10 11 London staff: Local 13 22 35 34 Courts and Tribunals 7 3 10 8 Camps and hostels .. .. .. 76 112 188* 139 Home Aids 55 55 55 629 395 1,024 955 * Camps and Hostels : This figure includes forty-four staff positions—managers, matrons, supervisors, &c. —but does not include staff employed by camp caterers and hostels administered by the Y.W.C.A.

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Group Analysis of Staff Employed

Section 13—Finance and Expenditure (a) Vote, " Labour and Employment " (£1,531,143 Net) (1) Expenditure by the Department of Labour and Employment is subject to annua? appropriation by Parliament in terms of the Public Revenues Act, 1926, and provision is made for this expenditure to be met from the Consolidated Fund under vote, " Labour and Employment." This vote is divided into five subdivisions set out below. The figures shown against the total vote above and the amount against each subdivision are the net expenditure in each case after the sums received by the Department under the Treasury revenue item " Departmental receipts " have been deducted. (2) Subdivision I: Administration (£456,951 Net). —An increase in expenditure of £71,885 recorded under this vote for administration expenses is attributable to the present shortage of cadets and consequent necessity of employing adults at a. higher remuneration, and general salary increases from Ist July, 1948, and Ist June, 1949. Other expenditure increases were attributable to increased maintenance charges for departmental vehicles, purchasing of office equipment for setting up accommodation for members of the Government Service Tribunal, and also new offices for the Conciliation Commissioners, whilst additional inspection work by departmental Inspectors incurred an increase in travelling allowances and expenses. Under the Military Training Act, 1949, expenditure incurred on administrative work up to the time those liable for service are available for training, was as follows : £ (i) Salaries .. .. .. .. .. 2,529 (ii) Fees of Medical Boards, Postponement Committees, and recruits .. .. .. .. 3,619 (iii) Travelling allowances and expenses of Medical Boards, Postponement Committees, and recruits .. .. 1,747 Net expenditure .. .. .. .. £7,895

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Total, Total, Nature of Work. 31st March, 31st March, 1950. 1949. Inspectors of Factories 123* 127* Inspectors of Weights and Measures 23* 23* Inspectors of Scaffolding 16* 12* Military training 6* * Tenancy .. .. 18* i6* Apprenticeship 21* 18* Research, library, and investigation 13* 16* Accounts and stores 64* 63* Typists 91* 94* Records 61* 56* Immigration : London staff 45 45 Home Aids 55 55 Hostels — Supervisory .. 441 139 General staff 144 / Administration, general clerical, including Immigration 300 291 (N.Z.), Placement and Employment Staff 1,024 955 * Includes only officers engaged substantially full time on these duties.

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(3) Subdivision II: Employment, (£252,481 Net). —The main items of expenditure tinder this subdivision were — (i) Accommodation for workers (camps and hostels, including Public Service but excluding immigration hostels) — £ £ Capital expenditure .. .. .. 120,372 Less capital receipts .. .. .. .. 2,253 Net capital expenditure .. .. .. 118,119 Operational expenditure .. .. .. .. 167,260 Less board receipts .. .. .. .. 154,815 Cash working deficit .. .. .. 12,445 Net capital and operational expenditure .. .. £130,564 (ii) Home Aid Service — £ £ Capital cost of hostels, including equipment .. .. .. 233 Hostel operating costs .. .. .. .. 2,625 Less board receipts .. .. .. .. 1,222 Cash working deficit .. .. 1,403 Operating expenses for Home Aid Service (excluding hostel expenses) .. .. .. .. .. 15,572 Less payments by householders .. .. .. 10,293 Net operation charges (excluding hostels) .. .. .. 5,279 Net capital and operational expenditure .. .. .. .. £6,915 The excess of £5,279 of operational expenses (excluding hostel costs) over payments by householders for services rendered is accounted for mainly by reductions in charges for necessitous cases. (iii) Promotion of Employment: Details of employment promotion expenditure are shown in the following table. It will be noted that the expenditure for 1949-50 was £115,002, compared with £97,945 in the previous year, an increase of £17,057.

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Year Ended Year Ended 31st March, 1950. 31st March, 1949. £ £ Scheme 13 64,743 62,550 - Subsidized training in industry717 415 Subsidized training for shearers 92 206 Youths' farm settlement 2,171 546 Separation allowances 4,042 4,213 Travelling expenses of workers 8,160 6,826 Allowances to apprentices .. 30,901 23,129 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 194 60 Seasonal employment 3,982 115,002 97,945

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(4) Subdivision 111: Immigration (£770,707 Net). —The main items of expenditure tinder this subdivision were — £ £ (i) Passage-money for immigrants other than " Atlantis . .. 32,805 (ii) Accommodation for immigrants— Capital expenditure .. .. .. .. 50,095 Less capital recoveries .. .. .. 1,946 Net capital cost .. .. .. 48,149 Operational expenditure (including cost of operating Pahiatua Camp for displaced persons) .. 105,854 Less board receipts .. .. .. 54,409 Cash working deficit .. .. .. 51,445 (iii) Reconversion of " Atlantis " to increase carrying-capacity .. 190,975 (iv) Charter costs of "Atlantis" .. .. .. 309,425 Less payments of part passage-money .. .. 29,287 280,138 (v) Survey costs, " Atlantis " .. .. .. .. .. 160,000(vi) Other expenses, advertising, printing, &c. .. .. .. 7,195 Net cost of immigration .. .. .. £770,707 (5) Subdivision IV: Industrial Courts, Tribunals, Committees, &c. (£29,503 Net). — The expenditure under this heading covers the expenses of the Arbitration and Compensation Courts, Conciliation Commissioners, Disputes Committees, and Tribunals. Salaries accounted for £7,843 of the above figure, and the balance of £21,660 was expended on fees, allowances, and expenses. (6) Subdivision V: Waterfront Control (£21,501 Net). —The main item under thissection is a grant of £17,160 towards the expenses of the Waterfront Commission. (b) War Expenses Account (1) Expenditure which prior to Ist April, 1948, would have been debited to this Department's section of War Expenses Account, is now included under Subdivision I of the Department's vote. (2) The following credits, however, have been received during the year ended 31st March, 1950, from the Disposal of Surplus Assets, which were originally purchased from War Expenses Account £ Administration expenses .. .. .. .. 72 Defaulters' detention camps .. .. .. 236. Emergency Fire Service .. .. .. .. 476 .£784

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX I—STATISTICAL TABLES Table I—lndustrial Classification of Notified Vacancies Remaining Unsatisfied at Quarterly Points, 1949-50. Table ll—Disengaged Persons Enrolled for Employment in Districts, 1949-50. Table lll—Placements of Enrolled Persons, by Districts, Ist April, 1949, to 31st March, 1950. Table IV—Total Placements by Industries, Year Ended 31st March, 1950. Table V—Distribution of Labour Force in General Industries, at 15th October, 1949. Table Vl—Analysis of Building and Construction Labour Force (Including Females) at 15th October, 1949, by Occupations. Table Vll—Movements in Seasonal Employment (Males) April, 1949, to March, 1950, Excluding Farming. Diagram I—Graph Showing Movements in Seasonal Employment (Males) from August, 1946, to March, 1950. Table Vlll—External Migration, Year Ended 31st March, 1950, by Occupational Groups. Table , IX—Activities of the Home Aid Service for the Year Ended 31st March, 1950. Table X—Occupations of Assisted Immigrants, Year Ended 31st March, 1950. Table Xl—Factories by Districts, Showing Numbers Employed and Working Occupiers at 31st March, 1950. Table Xll—Factories by Industries, Showing Numbers Employed and Working Occupiers at 31st March, 1950. Table Xlll—Factory Workers, by Districts, Showing Distribution According to Size of Factory at 31st March, 1950. Table XlV—Factory Workers, by Industries, Showing Distribution According to Size of Factory at 31st March, 1950. Diagram ll—Percentage Distribution of Factories and Factory Workers. Table XV—Workers in Government Factories at 31st March, 1950. Table XVI —Accident Frequency and Severity Rates on Basis of Hours Worked. Table XVII —Accidents in Industry, Calendar Year 1949. Table XVlll—Accidents in Manufacturing Industries and Bush Work, Calendar Year 1949. Table XlX—Accidents in Building and Construction Industry, Calendar Year 1949. Table XX—Minimum Wage Rates in Certain Occupations at 31st March, 1950. Table XXl—Apprenticeship Contracts Registered and Apprenticeship Contracts Completed During Year Ended 31st March, 1950, and Apprenticeship Contracts in Force at 31st March, 1950. Table XXll—Number of Inspections Carried Out. Table XXlll—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Employers) Investigated, Year Ended 31st March, 1950. Table ' XXlV—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Workers) Investigated, Year Ended 31st March, 1950. Table XXV—Work Done Under Tenancy Act, 1948, During Year Ended 31st March, 1950. Table XXVI —Prosecutions Taken and Results, Year Ended 31st March, 1950. Table XXVll—Civil Proceedings for Recovery of Wages on Behalf of Workers, Year Ended 31st March, 1950. Table XXVIII —Number of Requisitions for Improvements Served. Table XXlX—Arrears of Wages Paid at Instigation of Department, Year Ended 31st March, 1950.

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Table I—Industrial Classification of Notified Vacancies Remaining Unsatisfied at Quarterly Points, 1949-50

57

Industrial Group. 30th June, 1949. 30th Sept., 1949. 31st Dec, 1949. 31st March, 1950. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Primary Industry Sheep-farming Dairy-farming Other farming Forestry and bush sawmilling Fishing and trapping .. Coal-mining Other mining and quarrying 57 110 76 156 8 91 7 4 "'9 80 214 127 176 15 34 60 2 4 6 97 199 190 218 18 21 52 4 10 21 7 98 173 158 333 9 19 36 2 12 1 Primary industry total 505 13 706 12 795 42 826 17 Secondary Industry Food, Drink, and Tobacco — Meat freezing and processing Dairy factories Other food and drink Tobacco-manufacture 22 '. 6 130 23 4 14 206 134 19 110 110 6 4 14 193 129 294 68 131 22 13 14 281 102 214 148 22 29 9 279 107 Sub-total 181 358 245 340 515 410 391 424 Textiles, Clothing, and LeatherWoollen and knitting mills Clothing-manufacture Footwear manufacture and rep Tanneries, furs, and leather go< Other textiles 62 180 air 100 )ds 51 68 666 2,902 328 164 171 81 142 107 72 79 604 2,891 290 189 218 66 155 119 57 106 672 2,946 291 124 365 64 175 106 65 111 637 2,722 292 121 370 Sub-total 461 4,231 481 4,192 503 4,398 521 4,142 Building - materials and Furnis tags— Timber milling and joinery Furniture and other wood man facture Bricks, pottery, and cement a155 i- 162 118 2 38 34 135 167 95 7 25 31 144 200 214 6 28 31 161 187 205 4 30 29 Sub-total 435 74 397 63 558 65 553 63 Engineering and metalworking— Machinery and metalworking Ships, engines, and vehicles 927 997 243 24 841 989 268 29 1,043 1,141 256 32 1,144 1,077 259 31 Sub-total 1,924 267 1,830 297 2,184 288 2,221 290 Other Industry— Paper, pulp, and printing Other manufacturing 310 156 460 271 292 162 442 303 327 243 494 319 327 311 464 286 Sub-total 466 731 454 745 570 813 638 750 Power and Water Supply— Sub-total 169 9 137 9 183 14 146 14 Building and Construction— Sub-total 1,157 9 1,156 13 1,351 10 1,499 13 Secondary industry tot< il 4,793 5,679 4,700 5,659 5,864 5,998 5,969 5,69ft Tertiary Industry Transport and Communication — Rail transport Road, water, and air transpo , Post and Telegraph .. 2,079 rt 117 713 115 4 84 2,337 114 699 66 11 79 2,550 129 1,148 67 12 112 2,751 197 873 67 17 120 Sub-total 2,909 203 3,150 156 3,827 191 3,821 204 Distribution and Finance — Wholesale and retail trade Finance and insurance Other agencies 578 156 129 551 147 98 520 157 119 581 149 88 696 199 146 656 134 96 764 175 102 621 126 102 Sub-total 863 796 796 818 1,041 886 1,041 849

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Table I—Industrial Classification of Notified Vacancies Remaining Unsatisfied at Quarterly Points, 1949-50 —continued

58

Industrial Group. 30th June, 1949. 30th Sept., 1949. 31st Dec., 1949. 31st March, 1950. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Domestic and Personal Services —- Hotels and restaurants Personal services, recreation. &c. Sub-total Administration and Professional — Hospitals Medical and hygienic services Edncational, professional, <fcc. Government services (n.e.i.) .. Local authorities (n.e.i.) Sub-total Other Services — Sub-total Tertiary industry total Total, all industries 36 66 322 411 16 74 401 374 57 78 521 381 53 92 502 426 102 733 90 775 135 902 145 928 146 28 44 481 195 1,354 4 241 398 9 133 18 43 485 145 1,335 9 219 359 11 109 105 48 527 93 1,370 15 213 341 17 100 93 57 469 139 1,280 18 251 375 19 894 2,006 824 1,933 882 1,956 858 1,943 1 1 2 2 4,768 3,739 4,861 3,682 5,887 3,935 5,867 3,924 10,066 9,431 10,267 9,353 12,546 9,975 12,662 9,637

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59

Table II—Disengaged Persons Enrolled for Employment in Districts, 1949-50

Males. Females. District. 30th 31st 30th 31st 31st 30th 31st 30th 31st 31st 28th 31st 30th 30th 31st 31st April, May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec., Jan., Feb., March, June, Sept., Dec., March, 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1950. 1950. 1950. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1950. Whangarei 1 2 6 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 Auckland i 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 Hamilton 6 15 17 1 3 2 Taumarunui 2 1 3 1 2 1 i Paeroa i 1 2 4 3 2 3 2 ■ 2 2 3 3 Tauranga 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rotorua ii io 9 6 10 5 5 1 i Gisborne I 9 3 3 3 3 Napier Hastings 5 6 34 7 7 2 i i 1 i i 6 12 54 56 33 17 4 4 4 5 4 New Plymouth 2 3 4 7 6 2 1 1 1 I Wanganui 1 14 20 21 11 io 10 5 1 Palmerston North 1 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 1 1 Masterton 7 7 6 7 2 4 2 3 1 Lower Hutt i 1 1 i Wellington 1 1 Blenheim 2 2 ii 4 4 4 3 2 3 5 3 2 Nelson 1 4 4 5 3 3 2 4 2 2 4 Westport 5 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 Greymouth 1 3 9 1 Christchurch 8 9 6 6 7 4 7 8 4 Ashburton 2 3 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 Timaru 5 4 18 14 32 27 11 10 6 5 2 Oamaru 1 1 3 6 3 3 1 1 1 Dunedin Invercargill 2 5 7 3 3 2 ' 2 i .. .. • New Zealand 41 95 181 196 150 114 73 52 42 37 27 19 6 1 2 2

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Table III—Placements of Enrolled Persons, by Districts, 1st April, 1949, to 31st March, 1950

60

District. Males. Females. Total Placements (Males and Females). Number of Placements. Estimated Civilian Male Labour Force. (October, 1949.) Placements per 1,000 Estimated Labour Force. Number of Placements. Under 21. 21Fully Employable. -59. employable. 60 and over. Total. Under 21. 21-59. 60 and over. Total. Whangarei 42 174 2 218 20,200 11 53 54 107 325 Auckland 391 1,938 10 20 2,359 102,700 23 149 543 12 704 3,063 Hamilton 32 578 8 3 621 40,200 15 5 81 86 707 Taumarunui 6 80 1 87 4,900 18 2 30 32 119 Paeroa 39 162 1 202 10,400 19 36 27 63 265 Tauranga 21 136 157 6,200 25 5 67 72 229 Rotorua 55 447 10 - 1 513 12,400 41 16 60 76 589 Gisborne 135 957 26 26 1,144 13,600 84 1 43 44 1,188 Napier 7 433 1 441 8,100 54 3 69 72 513 Hastings 26 420 4 " 2 452 11,000 41 18 74 92 544 New Plymouth 31 437 2 1 471 22,600 21 9 66 1 76 547 Wanganui 6 405 19 7 437 17,800 25 1 85 86 523 Palmerston North 21 211 1 4 237 24,500 10 6 49 55 292 Masterton 2 71 2 75 10,500 7 9 9 84 Lower Hutt 29 346 375 15,400 24 29 86 115 490 Wellington 190 1,124 2 ' 42 1,358 51,500 26 170 640 7 817 2,175 Blenheim 47 149 . 2 198 6,700 30 9 28 37 235 Nelson 57 1,013 7 7 1,084 11,000 99 201 1,903 20 2,124 3,208 Westport 26 134 1 3 164 3,600 46 14 11 25 189 Greymouth 35 301 336 9,200 37 50 73 123 459 Christchurch 273 1,642 18 9 1,942 57,700 34 301 296 597 2,539 Ashburton 34 564 598 6,600 91 4 31 35 633 Timaru 45 543 io 1 599 14,100 42 9 60 69 668 Oamaru 13 90 5 I 109 5,000 22 3 17 20 129 Dunedin. . 113 1,351 8 7 1,479 37,900 39 92 338 430 1,909 Invercargill 4 478 8 490 24,200 20 81 81 571 New Zealand 1,680 1 14,184 143 139 16,146 548,000 29 1,186 4,821 40 6,047 22,193

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Table IV—Total Placements, by Industries, Year Ended 31st March, 1950

61

Industrial Group. Males. Females. Total. Percentage of Total Placements. Primary Industry iSheep-farming Dairy-farming Other farming Forestry and bush sawmilling Fishing and trapping •Coal-mining Other mining and quarrying 758 504 1,330 1,039 15 124 39 11 6 2,056 9 769 510 3,386 1,048 15 124 39 3-5 2-3 15-2 4-7 0-1 0*5 0-2 Primary industry total 3,809 2,082 5,891 26-5 Secondary Industry Food, Drink, and Tobacco— Meat freezing and processing Dairy factories Other food and drink Tobacco manufacturing 1,144 238 332 18 2 11 102 38 1,146 249 434 56 5-2 1*1 1-9 0-3 Sub-total 1,732 153 1,885 8-5 Textiles, Clothing, and Leather — Woollen and knitting mills Clothing manufacturing Footwear manufacturing and repair Tanneries, fur, and leather goods Other textiles 89 34 95 60 158 81 348 44 6 28 170 382 139 66 186 0-8 1-7 0-6 0-3 0-8 Sub-total 436 507 943 4-2 Building Materials and Furnishings— Timber milling and joinery Furniture and other wood manufacture .. Bricks, pottery, and cement 212 150 455 3 7 2 215 157 457 1-0 0-7 2-0 Sub-total 817 12 829 3-7 Engineering and Metalworking— Machinery and metalworking Ships, engines, vehicles. &c. 1,131 611 61 13 1,192 624 5-4 2-8 Sub-total 1,742 74 1,816 8-2 Other Industry— Paper, pulp, and printing Other manufacturing 191 579 91 60 282 639 1-3 2-9 Sub-total 770 151 921 4-2 Power and Water Supply— Sub-total 307 9 316 1-4 Building and Construction— Sub-total 2,778 7 2,785 12-6 Secondary industry total 8,582 913 9,495 42-8 Tertiary Industry Transport and Communication — Rail transport Road, water, and air transport Post and Telegraph 433 306 11 6 96 489 439 402 2-2 2-0 1-8 Sub-total 1,217 113 1,330 6-0

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Table IV—Total Placements, by Industries, Year Ended 31st March, 1950—continued

62

Industrial Group. Males. Females. Total. Percentageof Total Placements. Distribution and Finance— Wholesale and retail trade Finance and insurance Other agencies 1,149 34 65 I 378 35 95 1,527 69 160 6-9 0-3 0-7 Sub-total 1,248 508 1,756 7-9 Domestic and Personal Services— Hotels and restaurants Personal services, recreation, &c. 339 205 709 395 1,048 600 4-7 2-7 Sub-total 544 1,104 1,648 7-4 Administration and ProfessionalHospitals Medical and hygienic services Education, professional, &c. Government services (n.e.i.) Local authorities (n.e.i.) 182 22 117 259 165 742 16 154 405 9 924 38 271 664 174 4-2 0-2 1-2 3-0 0-8 Sub-total 745 1,326 2,071 9-4 Other Services — Sub-total 1 1 2 0-0 Tertiary industry total 3,755 . 3,052 6,807 30-7 Total, all industries 16,146 6,047 22,193 100-0

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Table V—Distribution of Labour Force in General Industries at 15th October, 1949

63

Number of Units. Males. Females. Total Payroll Industrial Group. Payroll Strength. Working Proprietors. Payroll Strength. Working Proprietors. Strengths and Working Proprietors. Primary Industry Other than Farming, Hunting, and Fishing— Forestry and bush sawmilling .. Coal-mining Other mining and quarrying .. 489 122 131 8,543 5,665 1,644 464 166 63 189 42 27 3 1 9,199 5,873 1,735 Sub-total 742 15,852 693 258 4 16,807 Food, Drink, and Tobacco, Other than Seasonal — Food and drink Tobacco manufacture 1,523 10 8,658 463 1,191 4,250 796 462 14,561 1,259 Sub-total 1,533 9,121 1,191 5,046 462 15,820 Textiles, Clothing, and Leather — Woollen and knitting mills Clothing-manufacture Footwear manufacture and repair Tanneries, furs, and leathergoods Other textiles 85 1,173 277 265 196 2,506 3,117 3,029 2,182 2,214 34 480 224 189 91 2,659 15,116 2,090 743 1,446 21 464 15 21 28 5,220 19,177 5,358 3,135 3,779 Sub-total 1,996 13,048 1,018 22,054 549 36,669 Building-materials and Furnishings— Timber-milling and joinery Furniture and other wood manufacturing Bricks, pottery, cement 500 683 571 6,448 4,929 6,318 321 563 392 245 499 327 2 16 3 7,016 6,007 7,040 Sub-total 1,754 17,695 1,276 1,071 21 20,063 Engineering and Metalworking— Machinery and metalworking .. Ships, engines, vehicles 1,858 2,151 19,641 23,386 1,443 2,057 2,682 1,359 31 30 23,797 26,832 Sub-total 4,009 43,027 3,500 4,041 61 50,629 Miscellaneous Manufacture — Paper, pulp, and printing Other 687 502 7,973 7,053 494 214 3,400 2,612 61 25 11,928 9,904 Sub-total 1,189 15,026 708 6,012 86 21,832 Power and Water Supply— Sub-total 223 8,421 5 604 9,030 Transport and Communication— Rail transport Road, water, and air transport.. Post and Telegraph 36 1,629 496 20,303 15,308 13,131 1,576 1,631 1,178 3,774 18 21,934 18,080 16,905 Sub-total 2,161 48,742 1,576 6,583 18 56,919 Distribution and Finance— Wholesale and retail trade Finance and insurance Other agencies 10,031 921 1,208 44,894 8,034 3,249 6,145 89 769 24,306 4,091 2,421 1,476 4 40 76,821 12,218 6,479 Sub-total 12,160 56,177 7,003 30,818 1,520 95,518 Domestic and Personal Services — Hotels and restaurants Personal services, recreation, <&c. 2,400 1,462 5,316 4,528 1,711 723 9,120 3,852 1,193 358 17,340 9,461 Sub-total 3,862 9,844 2,434 12,972 1,551 26,801 Administration and Professional — Hospitals Medical and hygienic services .. Education, professional, &c. Government services (n.e.i.) Local authorities (n.e.i.) 323 541 1,309 573 327 5,380 1,921 10,882 13,184 6,889 10 185 196 13,748 942 12,726 5,467 685 135 19 31 19,273 3,067 23,835 18,651 7,574 Sub-total 3,073 38,256 391 33,568 185 72,400 Total, all general industries covered 32,702 275,209 19,795 123,027 4,457 422,488

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Table VI—Analysis of Building and Construction Labour Force (Including Females) at 15th October, 1949, by Occupation and Type of Work

64

1 sa till lis". U if | £ H -§.S "§ g 1 o® o |H§-g H-9 H w s H 3 a -s 1 «s af "H his "Sf £ •3*. tj -g g "g 3 p < « m a 3 § S§3s «.S „•>_ ■« Occupation. || |« | || || Sg || || | ||_ ** w » 3| og Sg S® «a |S Ao b~ j»# || *1 lr 'II SS 11 si a J |g s-g gig "3 1 «8 gW g-P gffl gffl 'g «8 g-P §M flCj-talH -go ■§ OS K H Carpenters and joiners .. .. 4,215 223 3,626 773 408 227 428 93 968 438 7 944 .. 12,350 Plumbers .. .. .. 274 19 411 114 36 13 54 23 71 32 5 787 .. 1,839 Bricklayers and drainlavers .. 262 8 188 30 12 11 7 84 15 4 67 688 Plasterers .. '. . .. 181 23 230 88 30 31 39 1 86 3 52 764 Painters and Paperhangers ... 766 33 657 160 104 33 66 19 230 57 5 521 .. 2,651 Electricians .. .. ..189 5 207 29 23 3 47 20 121 62 99 398 .. 1,203 Roof tilers and fixers .. .. 119 1 166 11 8 2 8 2 30 4 14 365 Welders, riveters, and other steel 8 9 10 2. 28 24 38 150 . . 133 . . 402 workers Concrete-workers .. .. 13 .. 25 9 11 11 10 4 20 124 16 12 255 Bridge carpenters .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 23 .. .. .. 103 11 28 , . 166 Lorry-drivers .. .. .. 70 6 40 19 12 14 17 33 338 41 219 .. 809 Other Machine-drivers .. .. 25 4 11 7 2 1 4 492 38 260 844 Tunnellers .. .. .. .. .. .. • • • • 32 3 . . . . 91 1 .. . . 127 Other, skilled .. .. .. 66 84 33 29 10 14 42 725 56 497 .. 1,556 Other, semi-skilled .. ..73 2 67 62 17 51 19 2 47 1,062 18 674 .. 2,094 Labourers .. .. .. 721 20 430 247 118 141 187 9 442 1,900 154 1,577 .. 5,946 Surveyors and other professional . . 1 f 1,428 1,428 Clerical and other commercial r Not classified by type of work 3,096 3,096 Working proprietors .... J t 3,824 3,824 Total .. .. 6,982 340 6,144,1,596 818 632 924 j 173 2,216 5,596 455 6,183 | 8,348 40,407 1 1 1 * includes rehabilitation trainees.

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Table VII—Movements in Seasonal Employment (Males), April, 1949, to March, 1950 (Excluding Farming)

3—H 11

65

Numbers Employed at 15th of Month. District. April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, January, February, March, 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1950. 1950. 1950. Whangarei 568 567 519 488 503 515 519 526 587 653 626 607 Auckland 3,632 3,615 3,272 2,944 2,994 2,911 2,879 3,190 4,047 4,497 4,160 3,751 Hamilton 1,024 896 844 931 1,015 1,010 1,127 1,156 1,469 1,556 1,436 1,271 Taumarunui 19 19 18 16 16 16 17 17 16 16 16 15 Paeroa 261 229 223 218 241 278 287 302 307 304 283 273 Tauranga 64 59 56 52 55 64 68 71 73 73 69 69 Rotorua 186 178 . 166 166 169 172 184 . 196 197 195 196 183 Gisborne 845 811 673 573 507 493 483 594 773 742 661 623 Napier 255 148 86 93 85 89 126 293 451 704 683 602 Hastings 1,371 1,289 1,021 916 840 839 812 1,233 1,673 1,79§ 1,633 1,460 New Plymouth 1,432 1,236 951 847 978 1,277 1,325 1,396 1,474 1,657 1,594 1,529 Wanganui 1,057 942 755 630 731 708 687 778 1,168 1,397 1,375 1,244 Palmerston North 1,245 1,138 971 865 864 916 954 992 1,272 1,479 1,395 1,360 Masterton 618 602 500 423 436 500 510 530 626 772 761 677 Lower Hutt 408 332 263 230 223 . 224 218 221 448 498 508 410 Wellington 776 705 589 517 511 523 519 649 1,010 1,086 1,025 912 Blenheim 282 265 206 205 193 189 183 205 215 302 286 267 Nelson 271 256 210 199 188 186 187 190 228 279 277 289 Westport 20 19 19 17 20 21 25 21 25 25 22 22 Greymouth 49 45 45 46 48 47 54 57 50 52 51 53 Ghristchurch 2,076 1,752 1,354 1,182 1,115 1,151 1,211 1,287 1,865 2,256 2,138 2,059 Ashburton 270 236 126 113 111 111 121 121 261 297 285 269 Timaru 954 800 521 429 433 417 438 525 822 935 1,019 985 Oamaru 278 195 117 95 96 92 84 84 187 249 264 269 Dunedin 1,131 1,124 868 619 . 587 574 635 697 716 1,219 1,171 1,221 Invercargill 1,727 1,528 1,305 598 281 277 369 746 843 1,784 1,858 1,850 New Zealand 20,819 18,986 15,678 13,412 13,240 13,600 14,022 16,077 20,803 24,825 23,792 22,270

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Diagram I—Full-time Employment in Seasonal Industries (Males), August, 1946, to March, 1950

66

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Table VIII—External Migration, Year Ended 31st March, 1950, by Occupational Groups

Note.—This table includes only " permanent " arrivals and departures—i.e., those who intend to become permanent residents of New Zealand or those who intend to remain absent for one year or more.

Table IX—Activities of the Home-aid Service for the Year Ended 31st March, 1950

67

Source : Census and Statistics Department Arrivals. Departures. Net Gain Occupational Group. (+) or Loss (—) Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. for Year, Primary industry 904 34 938 238 6 244 + 694 Engineering and metalworking .. 1,133 32 1,165 258 2 260 +905 Textiles, clothing, leather 155 285 440 60 66 126 +314 Building and construction 719 719 137 137 +582 Other secondary industry 463 83 546 131 21 152 +394 Transport and communication .. 480 50 530 176 17 193 +337 Commerce and finance 553 116 669 296 75 371 +298 Clerical and professional 1,381 1,769 3,150 857 1,129 1,986 + 1,164 Personal and domestic ... 137 512 649 65 113 178 +471 Other occupations 692 121 813 226 55 281 +532 Not actively employed 2,378 5,608 7,986 833 2,110 2,943 +5,043 Not stated 68 28 96 7 8 15 + 81 Total 9,063 8,638 17,701 3,284 3,602 6,886 + 10,815

Month. Number of Aids Employed at End of Month. Details of Cases Serviced During Period. Maternity. Sickness. Other. Total. April, 1949 58 83 79 13 175 May, 1949.. 66 59 128 25 212 June, 1949 67 96 156 19 271 July, 1949 65 89 144 8 241 August, 1949 60 112 158 17 287 September, 1949 61 96 103 20 219 October, 1949 58 98 87 33 218 November, 1949 62 111 138 7 256 December, 1949 • .. 58 77 81 6 164 January, 1950 63 74 90 11 175 February, 1950 56 70 98 16 184 March, 1950 55 63 128 16 207 Totals 61 (average) 1,028 1,390 191 2,609

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Table X—Occupations of Assisted Immigrants, Year Ended 31st March, 1950

68

MALES. FEMALES. Category. Number. Category. Number. Primary Industry Primary Industry Coal-miner 28 Farm worker 4 Forestry worker 30 Bush sawmill worker 18 Farm worker 135 Sub-total 211 Sub-total 4 Secondary Industry Secondary Industry Engineering blacksmith 1 Milk-products manufacture 2 Farrier 2 Clothing-factory operative 66 Coppersmith 5 Woollen-mill operative 11 worker 13 Footwear-factory operative 6 Moulder 15 Engineering and metal trades 14 Boilermaker 21 Printing operative 15 Fitter and fitter-turner 92 General factory worker 66 Welder 19 Panel-beater .. *.. 8 Shipwright 4 Plumber 17 Aircraft repair and manufacture 19 Motor mechanic 32 Electrician 24 Electrical-equipment worker 14 Engineering tradesman 16 Cable-jointer 2 Wood-machinist 4 Glazier 3 Upholsterer 2 Mattress-maker 15 Cabinetmaker 5 Carpenter 17 Carpenter and joiner 55 Joiner 25 Bricklayer 31 Footwear-factory operative 4 Woollen-mill operative 27 Tailor 4 Cutter 3 Compositor 7 Letterpress machinist 4 Bookbinder 3 Rubber-goods manufacture 32 Chemical-manufacture 5 Paper-mill worker 11 General factory worker 18 Bread-baker 7 Labourers 652 Sub-total 1,238 Sub-total 180

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Table X—Occupations of Assisted Immigrants, Year Ended 31st March, 1950—continued

69

MALES. FEMALES. Category. Number. Category. Number. Tertiary Industry Tertiary Industry Linesman 9 Cook .. .. .. 5 Postman 4 Domestic .. .. 125 Postal assistant 13 Home aid 10 Telephone-exchange mechanic 7 Trained nurse ., 122 Telephone-exchange operator 2 Physiotherapist 2 Male nurse .. .. 14 Nurse trainee 93 Prison warder .. .. 2 Typist .. 16 Hotel cook .. .. 6 Shorthand-typist .. ., 88 Eatchen hand. 11 Clerical worker 140 Shop-butcher .. .. 16 Teacher 3 Tram-conductor 1 Telephonist 13 Other tertiary 30 Sub-total Total, all occupations 115 Sub-total Total, all occupations 617 1,564 801

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Table XI—Factories, by Districts, Showing Numbers Employed and Working Occupiers at 31st March, 1950

70

District. Number of Registered Factories. Males. Females. Total Workers (Males and Females). Number of Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown (Including Working Occupiers). Employees. Working Occupiers. Total. Employees. Working Occupiers. Total. 1-2. 3-5. 6-10. 11-20. 21-50. 51-100. 101 or More. * Whangarei 634 2,489 603 3,092 177 41 218 3,310 311 198 81 27 13 2 2 Auckland 3,537 27,433 3,177 30,610 11,806 437 12,243 42,853 1,289 954 562 318 272 83 60 Hamilton 1,134 4,527 1,031 5,558 817 93 910 6,468 527 366 152 48 26 12 ! 3 Taumarunui 161 899 183 1,082 106 7 113 1,195 62 48 24 17 7 2 1 Paeroa 382 1,300 331 1,631 321 19 340 1,971 192 117 47 14 8 1 3 Tauranga 226 774 216 990 129 15 144 1,134 78 98 26 15 9 Rotorua 379 1,808 341 2,149 168 26 194 2,343 160 111 59 32 15 1 1 Gisborne 413 1,775 411 2,186 235 33 268 2,454 194 131 55 18 13 2 Napier 420 1,603 364 1,967 540 23 563 2,530 186 140 58 19 12 3 2 Hastings 469 2,975 492 3,467 460 34 494 3,961 221 139 67 24 12 3 3 New Plymouth Wanganui 904 4,190 635 4,825 616 44 660 5,485 374 301 131 64 26 6 2 711 3,130 670 3,800 878 52 930 4,730 348 203 89 44 24 5 4 Palmerston North 1,134 4,282 1,222 5,504 1,246 115 1,361 6,865 574 329 121 66 31 7 6 Masterton 372 1,658 367 2,025 278 17 295 2,320 161 118 53 29 9 1 1 Lower Hutt 613 5,781 698 6,479 1,961 62 2,023 8,502 249 169 86 40 44 9 16 Wellington 1,881 9,767 1,957 11,724 5,025 240 5,265 16,989 715 506 312 179 121 27 21 Blenheim 269 969 226 1,195 222 15 237 1,432 105 101 44 13 4 2 Nelson 487 1,907 539 2,446 362 22 384 2,830 190 175 80 26 10 4 2 Westport 120 313 108 421 64 6 70 491 52 42 20 4 2 Greymouth 336 1,051 321 1,372 242 9 251 1,623 155 99 56 19 5 1 1 Christchurch 2,382 16,237 1,562 17,799 6,233 255 6,488 24,287 998 665 297 212 137 41 39 Ashburton 206 1,037 181 1,218 190 9 199 1,417 75 77 38 13 1 2 Timaru 545 2,704 558 3,262 639 48 687 3,949 236 166 89 26 18 4 6 Oamaru 192 967 163 1,130 140 15 155 1,285 104 48 22 4 10 2 2 Dunedin 1,548 9,166 1,279 10,445 3,581 166 3,747 14,192 691 415 209 106 83 27 17 Invercargill 791 4,509 840 5,349 587 25 612 5,961 281 270 131 68 33 3 5 _ * Dominion 20,246 113,251 18,475 131,726 37,023 1,828 38,851 170,577 8,528 5,986 2,909 1,445 944 245 203 * Of the 203 factories employing more than 100 workers, 122 employed 101-200, 69 employed 201-500, and 12 employed more than 500,

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Table XII—Factories, by Industries, Showing Numbers Employed and Working Occupiers at 31st March, 1950

71

Industrial Group. Number of Males. Females. Total Workers (Males and Females) Number of Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown (Including Working Occupiers). Registered Factories Employees. Working Occupiers. Total. Employees. 1 Working Occupiers. Total. 1-2. 3-5. 6-10. 11-20. 21-50. 51-100. 101 or 1 More. Food, Drink, and Tobacco —- Meat freezing and processing Dairy factories Other food and drink Tobacco-manufacture 166 365 1,912 13 15,955 4,106 7,957 473 114 186 1,638 12 16,069 4,292 9,595 485 430 188 3,488 799 1 '523 431 188 4,011 799 16,500 4,480 13,606 1,284 29 25 799 37 87 682 1 30 134 236 2 16 82 90 1 18 29 68 2 1 5 3 22 4 31 15 3 Sub-total 2,456 28,491 1,950 30,441 4,905 524 5,429 35,870 853 807 402 189 117 34 54 Textiles, Clothing, Leather — Woollen and knitting mills Clothing-manufacture Footwear manufacture and repair Tanneries, furs, and leather goods Other textiles 96 1,508 686 320 217 2,075 2,538 2,792 1,925 2,217 63 839 669 311 148 2,138 3,377 3,461 2,236 2,365 2,316 14,963 2,046 579 1,705 27 715 15 28 31 2,343 15,678 2,061 607 1,736 4,481 19,055 5,522 2,843 4,101 23 502 518 132 56 12 286 57 79 50 15 246 30 40 45 18 241 28 33 26 13 172 29 26 28 5 43 6 6 11 23 12 4 8 Sub-total 2,827 11,547 2,030 13,577 21,609 816 22,425 36,002 1,231 484 376 346 268 74 58 Building-materials and Furnishings — Timber-milling and joinery Furniture and other wood-manuiacture .. Bricks, pottery, cement 636 1,039 618 4,929 4,356 5,158 554 1,155 586 5,483 5,511 5,744 77 386 232 1 15 78 401 232 5,561 5,912 5,976 185 508 149 189 250 229 141 154 129 72 78 66 39 41 31 5 9 5 1 Sub-total 2,293 14,443 2,295 16,738 695 16 711 17,449 842 668 424 216 111 21 13 Engineering and Metalworking — Machinery and metalworking Ships, engines, vehicles 2,392 2,696 16,352 13,672 2,403 2,892 18,755 16,564 1,577 564 17 16 1,594 580 20,349 17,144 1,045 1,104 634 905 349 391 152 173 143 96 44 15 27 12 Sub-total 5,088 30,024 5,295 35,319 2,141 33 2,174 37,493 2,149 1,539 740 325 239 59 39 Other Industry — Paper, pulp, and printing Other manufacturing 696 537 5,603 5,704 651 422 6,254 6,126 2,323 2,134 45 29 2,368 2,163 8,622 8,289 193 187 200 142 139 72 77 55 56 43 21 17 10 21 Sub-total 1,233 11,307 1,073 12,380 4,457 74 4,531 16,911 380 342 211 132 99 38 31 Power and Water Supply — Sub-total 176 1,778 65 1,843 6 6 1,849 34 57 49 18 14 1 3 Factories Attached to Non-manufacturing Industries —• Forestry and bush sawmilling Mining and quarrying Building and construction Other 519 117 1,156 4,381 3,055 536 2,963 9,107 581 56 1,234 3,896 3,636 592 4,197 13,003 4 2 67 3,137 1 2 362 5 69 3,499 3,641 594 4,266 16,502 99 29 468 2,443 "180 53 451 1,405 151 26 205 325 66 8 27 118 22 ' 4 70 1 1 1 15 Sub-total 6,173 15,661 5,767 21,428 3,210 365 3,575 25,003 3,039 2,089 707 219 96 18 5 Total, all industries 20,246 113,251 1 18,475 131,726 37,023 1,828 38,851 170,577 1 8,528 5,986 1 2,909 1,445 I 944 245 | 203 See footnote to Table XI regarding the 203 factories employing more than 100 workers, and footnotes * and f on Table XIV.

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Table XIII—Factory Workers, by Districts, Showing Distribution According to Size of Factory at 31st March, 1950 (Males and Females Combined)

72

District. Total Number of Workers (Including Working Occupiers) Numbers Working in Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown (Including Working Occupiers). 1-2. 3-5. 6-10. 11-20. 21-50. 1 51-100. 101 or More.* Whangarei 3,310 473 719 618 368 391 151 590 Auckland 42,853 1,991 3,605 4,358 4,804 8,961 5,559 13,575 Hamilton 6,468 823 1,303 1,144 661 831 762 944 Taumarunui 1,195 91 166 220 273 175 128 142 Paeroa 1,971 289 418 357 194 226 61 426 Tauranga 1,134 122 376 173 212 251 Rotoruat 2,343 239 407 505 453 420 61 258 Gisborne 2,454 299 503 420 252 422 558Napier Hastings 2,530 298 496 460 279 328 192 477 3,961 375 512 475 335 320 183 1,761 New Plymouth 5,485 582 1,071 1,018 913 762 374 765Wanganui 4,730 548 721 669 643 743 356 1,050 Palmerston North 6,865 882 1,206 884 1,046 810 616 1,421 Masterton 2,320 250 403 401 515 171 55 525 Lower Hutt 8,502 386 604 651 567 1,466 615 4,213 Wellington .. 16,989 1,067 1,853 2,373 2,628 3,704 1,749 3,615 Blenheim 1,432 168 380 327 184 111 262 Nelson 2,830 299 650 601 383 279 308 310 Westport 491 79 164 138 57 53 Greymouth 1,623 226 370 433 288 148 "56 102 Christchurch 24,287 1,538 2,421 2,265 3,141 4,307 2,794 7,821 Ashburton 1,417 123 274 303 180 96 441 Timaru 3,949 364 578 666 371 561 242 1,167 Oamaru 1,285 158 159 162 81 179 114 432 Dunedin 14,192 1,012 1,492 1,579 1,534 2,740 2,030 3,805 Invercargill 5,961 479 978 853 874 1,108 116 1,553 Dominion 170,577 13,161 21,829 22,053 21,236 29,467 16,618 46,213 * Of the 46,213 workers in factories employing over 100 workers, 16,113 were in the 101-200 group, 21,446 in the 201-500 group, and 8,654 in the over 500 group. t See * footnote to Table XIV.

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Table XIV—Factory Workers, by Industries, Showing Distribution According to Size of Factory at 31st March, 1950

73

Industry. Total Number of Workers Numbers Working in Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown (Including Working Occupiers). (Including Working Occupiers). 1-2. 3-5. 6-10. 11-20. 21-50. 51-100. 101 or More. Food, Drink, and TobaccoMeat freezing and processing .. Dairy factories Other food and drink Tobacco-manufacturing 16,500 4,480 13,606 1,284 44 45 1,324 146 355 2,494 3 238 1,055 1,731 30 235 1,214 1,361 42 614 862 2,232 25 373 259 1,387 272 14,850 690 3,077 912 Sub-total 35,870 1,413 2,998 3,054 2,852 3,733 2,291 19,529 Textiles, Clothing, Leather — Woollen and knitting mills Clothing-manufacture Footwear manufacture and repair Tanneries, fur, and leather goods Other textiles 4,481 19,055 5,522 2,843 4,101 35 743 649 200 80 37 1,083 199 289 202 123 1,958 253 328 356 304 3,575 428 444 380 433 5,241 937 747 899 514 3,066 983 364 376 3,035 3,389 2,073 471 1,808 Sub-total 36,002 1,707 1,810 3,018 5,131 8,257 5,303 10,776 Building-materials and Furnishings— Timber-milling and joinery Furniture and other wood-manu-facture Bricks, pottery, cement 5,561 5,912 5,976 288 712 251 710 935 914 1,141 1,140 979 1,074 1,141 995 1,128 1,302 867 352 559 479 868 123 1,491 Sub-total 17,449 1,251 2,559 3,260 3,210 3,297 1,390 2,482 Engineering and Metalworking— Machinery and metalworking .. Ships, engines, vehicles 20,349 17,144 1,543 1,747 2,338 3,287 2,635 2,965 2,266 2,462 4,571 2,931 2,798 1,014 4,198 2,738 Sub-total 37,493 3,290 5,625 5,600 4,728 7,502 3,812 6,936 Other Industry—Paper, pulp, and printing Other manufacturing 8,622 8,289 300 282 750 559 1,094 566 1,193 819 1,927 1,468 1,355 1,303 2,003 3,292 Sub-total 16,911 582 1,309 1,660 2,012 3,395 2,658 5,295 Power and Water Supply—-Sub-total 1,849 55 217 362 261 489 68 397 Factories Attached to Non-manu-facturing IndustriesForestry and bush sawmilling* Mining and quarrying Building and construction Otherf 3,641 594 4,266 16,502 165 52 789 3,857 670 191 1,598 4,852 1,265 185 1,417 2,232 948 108 289 1,697 593 173 2,028 "58 1 i 038 '798 Sub-total 25,003 4,863 7,311 5,099 3,042 2,794 1,096 798 Total, all industries .. 170,577 13,161 21,829 22,053 21,236 29,467 16,618 46,213 * At 31st March, 1949, this table included a bush sawmill (in Rotorua District) which has now been more appropriately 'Classified as a Government-owned factory and is included in Table XV of this Appendix. t Includes, for example, workshops attached to service stations, workrooms attached to retail establishments, boiler-houses attached to institutions, <fec.

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Diagram II —Percentage Distribution of Factories and Factory Workers at 31st March, 1950

74

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Table XV—Workers in Government Factories, by Size of Factory, at 31st March, 1950 (not Included in Tables XI to XIV)

75

Department. Number of Registered Factories. Employees. Numbers Working in Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown. Males. Females. Total. 1-2. 3-5. 6-10. 11-20. 21-50. 51-100. 101 and Over. Agriculture 4 21 21 1 4 16 Marketing 15 309 58 367 3 30 "75 i07 152 Mines 9 37 37 3 9 25 New Zealand Forest Service 11 470 15 485 4 15 15 82 369 Post and Telegraph 23 727 3 730 18 15 118 142 107 330 Railways 83 6,916 1 6,917 ' 23 28 112 258 478 731 5,287 Rehabilitation 15 288 288 39 137 35 77 State Hydro-electric 84 769 " 8 777 75 56 100 94 220 232 Works 71 1,539 8 1,547 14 70 80 236 312 381 454 Others* 12 699 97 796 2 4 21 128 51 590 Total 327 11,775 190 11,965 122 207 438 933 1,504 1,731 7,030 * Includes Air, New Zealand Broadcasting, Government Printing and Stationery, Health, Industries and Commerce, Legislative, Maori Affairs, Scientific and Industrial Research and Tourist Departments.

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Table XVI—Accident Frequency and Severity Rates on Basis of Hours Worked

76

(Source : Census and Statistics Department) Year. Total Number of Man-hours Worked During Year in (Units Accidents per 100,000 Man-hours Worked. Calendar Days Lost Through Accidents. Hours Lost per 100,000 Man-hours Worked. Accidents. of 100,000 Man-hours). Total. Per Accident. (a) Industry in General (Transport by Water, and Farming Pursuits are not Represented While Accommodation, Meals, and Personal Service, and Mining and Quarrying are only Partially Represented) 1944 .. 1945 .. 1946 .. 1947 * 15,514 14,527 15,123 14,783 3,392-00* 3,447-66* 3,677-36f 3,908-99* 3-196* 2-984* 3-016t 3-029* 978,798} 845,986} 950,908} 1,056,222} 89} 81} 84} 89} 1,545* 1,367* l,388f 1,486* (b) Factories 1944 .. 1945 .. 1946 .. 1947 .. 6,580 6,141 6,385 6,928 2,559-90 2,630-51 2,778-58 2,947-78 2-570 2-335 2-298 2-351 549,307 432,245 467,695 541,054 83 70 73 78 1,226 939 962 1,049 (c) Selected Industrial Groups for 1947 Provision of— Food and drink (including meat freezing and preserving) Meat freezing and preserving only Clothing, footwear, textiles, and textile goods Erection and repair of buildings (under Scaffolding and Excavation: Act) Power, heat, and light Working in or on — Wood, wicker, seagrass, fibre, &c. (including sawmilling) Sawmilling only Metal Stone, clay, glass, chemicals, &c. Paper, printing, &c. Hides, skins, wool, leather, &c. Bush working 4,402 3,860 192 91 214 766 415 725 551 106 47 471 703-87 296-17 600-08 § 96-55 297-72 79-93 683-48 262-93 159-60 70-93 32-85 6-254 13-033 0-320 2-216 2-573 5-192 1-061 2-096 0-664 0-663 14-340 195,932 133,114 17,090 39,429 11,995 117,655 62,822 67,046 102,078 13,510 20,516 141,229 45 34 89 433 56 154 151 92 185 127 437 300 1,591 2,568 163 710 2,258 4,491 561 2,218 483 1,653 24,570 * Excluding scaffolding and mining. t Excluding scaffolding, mining, and bush working. % Excluding mining. § Data on which to compute not available.

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Table XVII —Accidents in Industry, Calendar Year 1949 (Excludes Farming, Mining, Transport, Distributive Trades, and Personal Services, but Includes Manufacturing, Bush Work, and Building and Construction)

Note.—The number of accidents reported in 1949 shows a considerable increase over previous years, owing to the adoption of a different system of reporting as from the Ist April, 1949. From this date the figures have been compiled from information supplied mainly by the State Fire Insurance Office. It has not been possible to separate those accidents that occurred to non-factory workers or that were outside the restricted scope of the Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922, neither has it been possible to distinguish between bush work and bush sawmill work. Thus in respect of manufacturing industries many accidents to workers not within the Factories Act, 1946, are included—e.g., drivers associated with bakehouses and workers in town timber-yards. In respect of construction, this table and Table XIX cover, for example, all workers injured while digging trenches for sewerage, but the Act applies only where work is more than 5 ft. in depth from the top of the excavation.

Table XVIII —Accidents in Manufacturing Industries and Bush Work, Calendar Year 1949 (Excludes Farming, Mining, Transport, Distributive Trades, Personal Services, and Building and Construction)

77

Number of Accidents. Age-group. To Males. To Females. Total. Under 16 95 14 109 16 to 20 2,186 169 2,355 21 to 24 2,428 93 2,521 25 to 34 3,950 117 4,067 35 to 44 3,234 117 3,351 45 to 54 1,977 86 2,063 55 and over 1,181 37 1,218: Not stated 506 23 529 Total 15,557 656 16,213

Cause. Temporary. Type of Injury Permanent Partial. Fatal. Total. Machinery . . 1,978 141 3 2,122 Vehicles 207 6 4 217 Explosions, fires, hot substances 485 3 3 491 Poisonous and corrosive substances 202 1 203 Electricity58 1 59 Falls of persons 1,704 13 2 1,719 Stepping on or striking against fixed object 842 5 847 Falling objects not being handled by person 940 12 1 953 injured Falls of earth, &c. 1 1 Handling objects 4,351 32 " 2 4,385 Hand tools 2,034 22 2,056 Animals 51 51 Foreign body in eye* 527 5 532 Foreign body in ear* 6 6 Miscellaneous 394 4 2 400 Totalf 13,780 244 18 14,042 * In former years some of these accidents would have been included in the machinery or hand-tools f See note to Table XVII.

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Table XIX—Accidents in Building and Construction Industry, Calendar Year 1949

78

Cause. Type of Injury. Total. Temporary. Permanent Partial. . Fatal. Machinery Vehicles Explosions, fires, hot substances Poisonous and corrosive substances Electricity Falls of persons Stepping on or striking against fixed objects Falling objects not being handled by person injured Falls of earth, &c. Handling objects Hand tools Animals Foreign body in eye* Miscellaneous 181 43 39 13 5 476 175 199 652 251 4 42 36 25 1 15 1 2 4 2 1 1 1 2 206 45 39 13 6 492 176 201 656 253 4 42 38 Totalf 2,116 50 5 2,171 * In former years some of these accidents would have been included in the machinery or hand-tools groups, t See note to Table XVII.

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Table XX—Minimum Wage-rates in Certain Occupations at 31st March, 1950

79

Occupation. Rate. Weekly Hours. Bacon-workers £7 10s. lOd. to £8 16s. 8d. per week .. 40 .Bakers £8 Is. 4d. per week 40 Biscuit and confectionery workers— Male £6 16s. 8d. to £8 10s. Id. per week .. 40 Female .. £4 14s. per week .. .. 40 Boot operativesMale 3s. per hour 40 Female £4 16s. per week 40 Bricklayers 4s. 0|d. per hour 40 Brick, tile, and pottery workers — Male 3s. 6d. to 3s. 10£d. per hour 40 Female £4 15s. per week 40 Butchers (retail shops) £7 15s. 8d. to £8 16s. 8d. per week .. 40 Canister-workers— Male 3s. 8fd. per hour 40 Female £4 13s. 4d. per week 40 Carpenters and joiners 3s. lid. per hour 40 Cleaners and caretakers— Male £6 16s. 8d. to £7 7s. 2d. per week 40 Female £4 14s. per week 40 Clerical workers — Male £7 16s. Id. per week 40 Female £5 5s. per week 40 Clothing-trade employees— Male (machinists) £7 14s. 4d. per week 40 Female £4 16s. per week 40 Coachworkers 3s. 6fd. to 3s. lid. per hour 40 Cheese- and butter-factory employees £7 0s. 3d. to £8 5s. 5d. per week 40 Drivers — (a) Motor £7 6s. to £8 Is. lOd. per week 40 (b) Horse £7 2s. lid. per week for one horse 40 £7 6s. per week for two horses, and 6d. 40 per day or 2s. 6d. per week extra for each horse above two (c) Passenger transport £7 16s. 8d. per week 40 Electrical workers — Tradesmen 4s. per hour 40 Linesmen .. .. .. 3s. per hour 40 Engine-drivers, firemen, and greasers— Drivers, 1st Class Certificate .. £7 16s. 8d. per week 40 Drivers, 2nd Class Certificate .. £7 7s. 9d. per week 40 Firemen and greasers £7 2s. 6d. per week 40 Engineering-trade employees 3s. 5Jd. to 4s. 2d. per hour 40 Flour-mill employees 3s. 8Jd. to 4s. 2Jd. per hour 40 Fur-workers— Male .. .. .. £8 4s. 4d. per week 40 Female £4 16s. per week 40 Furniture-trade employees— Male 3s. 5£d. to 3s. lid. per hour 40 'Glove workers — Male £7 13s. 6d. to £7 19s. 4d. per week .. 40 Female £4 16s. per week 40 Grocers' assistants £7 10s. 5d. per week 40 Hairdressers — Male £7 13s. 4d. per week 40 Female £5 15s. 5d. per week 40 Labourers 3s. 5d. to 3s. lOd. per hour 40

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Table XX—Minimum Wage-rates in Certain Occupations at 31st March, 1950 —continued

80

Occupation. Rate. Weekly Hours. Laundry workers— Male £7 Os. 7d. to £8 9s. lid. per week .. 40 Female £4 10s. 9d. per week 40 Motor-engineering-trade employees 3s. 8d. to 4s. 2d. per hour 40 Painters and decorators 3s. lid. per hour 40 Plasterers 4s. OJd. per hour 40 Plumbers 4s. per hour .. .. 40 Printing-trade employees— Typographical section £6 16s. 8d. to £8 4s. 2d. per week .. 40 Printing section £6 16s. 8d. to £7 16s. 8d. per week .. 40 Rubber-workers— Male £6 18s. 8d. to £8 4s. lid. per week .. 40 Female £4 10s. 9d. per week 40 Shop-assistants— Male £7 17s. 7d. per week 40 Female £5 5s. per week 40 Storemen and packers— Wholesale £7 5s. per week 40 Oil-stores .. £7 5s. per week 40 Wool, grain, &c., stores £7 5s. per week 40 Fruit and produce £7 5s. per week 40 Timber-yards and sawmills' employees 3s. 8fd. to 4s. 4jd. per hour 40 Tobacco-workers— Male £7 7s. 6d. per week 40 Female £4 13s. 6d. per week 40 Tramway employees— Drivers 3s. 10£d. .per hour 40 Conductors (after six months) 3s. 8£d. per hour .. 40 Operators 4s. per hour 40 Warehouse employees— Male £7 lis. 6d. per week 40 Female £4 19s. 2d. per week 40 Woollen-mills' employees— Male 3s. 7d. to 4s. per hour 40 Female 2s. 5d. per hour 40

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Table XXI—Apprenticeship Contracts Registered and Apprenticeship Contracts Completed During Year Ended 31st March, 1950, and Apprenticeship Contracts in Force at 31st March, 1950

Note. —Districts administered by the District Commissioners are comprised of the following employment districts : Auckland —• South Auckland— Western North Island— Wellington— Canterbury— Otago— Whangarei. Hamilton. New Plymouth. Napier. Westport. Oamaru. Auckland. Taumarunui. Wanganui. Hastings. Greymouth. Dunedin. Paeroa. Palmerston North. Masterton. Christchurch. Invercargill. Tauranga. Lower Hutt. Ashburton. Rotorua. Wellington. Timaru. Gisborne. Blenheim. Nelson.

81

Contracts Registered During Y ear. -g Contracts in Force at 31st March, 1950. Commissioner's District. 3 a. cs Trade. Auckland. South Auckland. Western North Island. Wellington. Canterbury. Otago. 0 H T3 ' 03 "3 is Contracts C< During the Baking 8 9 10 12 18 23 80 48 227 Boatbuilding 9 5 1 2 17 12 91 Boilermaking 7 2 9 8 58 Boot-repairing 4 2 ' '9 ' '8 2 25 11 87 Bricklaying 1 ' 1 2 3 6 1*3 9 55 "Carpentering 143 118 ii6 160 116 121 774 540 2,799 Clothing 24 5 3 14 24 16 86 51 332 •Coachbuilding 49 29 25 24 23 16 166 68 620 ■Coopering 1 6 7 3 5 Dentistry 4 ' 1 ' 1 ' 5 ' 2 13 10 57 Electrical 63 32 30 96 33 32 286 223 1,024 Engineering 123 36 55 73 68 30 385 345 1,626 Motor engineering 105 76 83 92 82 62 500 362 2,137 Footwear manufacturing 40 17 22 5 84 24 193 Furniture 75 '20 '27 45 49 39 255 187 1,124 •Gardening 5 1 5 10 3 24 4 32 Hairdressing 8 3 ' 9 10 5 7 42 19 143 Jewellery 10 1 4 9 6 5 35 32 148 Masonry 1 1 1 3 3 14 Moulding 4 " '4 ' "4 ' 2 5 1 20 12 75 Painting 18 16 18 33 21 25 131 86 436 Photo-engraving 12 1 4 6 5 28 10 73 Plastering 11 6 ' '8 9 9 14 57 29 169 Plumbing 26 27 7 36 17 14 127 106 593 Printing 43 9 13 35 20 15 135 110 604 leather, and 5 1 1 4 3 14 5 56 canvas goods -Sheet-metal working .. 11 5 3 7 6 7 39 26 180 Terrazzo work 2 1 . 3 6 Other "3 4 4 ' 3 14 i3 99 Total 813 401 418 711 564 465 3,372 2,356 13,063

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Table XXII—Number of Inspections Carried Out

82

Number of Inspections During Year Ended 31st March, Authority. 1948. 1949. 1950. Factories Act, 1946 7,955 13,037 15,422 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22— Shops 9,274 15,160 16,578 Offices 708 1,627 2,163 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, and awards 1,905 2,575 3,069 Servants' Registry Offices Act, 1908 7 1 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 (Working-conditions)— Dairy-farms 99 125 182 Farms and stations 39 70 238 Market gardens 237 80 70 Orchards 79 76 164 Tobacco-farms .. • 6 12 19 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 (Accommodation) — Dairy-farms 86 128 134 Farms and stations 27 66 125 Market gardens 28 12 1 Orchards 11 13 Sawmills 89 81 102 Flaxmills 1 1 3 Others 1 21 42 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 124 96 207 Footwear Regulation Act, 1913 — Establishments 173 123 59 Shipments 325 409 356 Weights and Measures Act, 1925— Weighing-machines 2,435 3,044 2,637 Weights 2,135 2,446 2,252 Measures 259 253 200 Petrol-pumps » . . 476 868 645 Bread 8,053 7,297 8,240 Coal .. .. .. .. .. 780 694 1,056 Net 'weight .. ' 28,870 41,889 47,996 Others ... 8 16 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 10,384 ■ 16,033 22,304 Apprentices Act, 1948 .. 839 824 899 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 1,407 111 51 Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 1,114 ; 126 Others 3,159 1,993 1,497

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Table XXIII—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Employers) Investigated, Year Ended 31st March, 1950

83

Following Complaints. Following Inspections. Number of Number of Legislation. Cases Where Cases Cases Warnings Cases Where Cases Cases Warnings no Breach Resulting in Otherwise Total. Issued. no Breach Resulting in Otherwise Total. Issued. Disclosed. Prosecution. Disposed of. (Included in Disclosed. Prosecution. Disposed of. (Included in 1 1 Total.) Total.) Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 142 2 317 461 253 3 3 146 152 130 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 120 7 461 588 384 5 2 443 450 431 Apprentices Act, 1948 46 10 114 170 75 9 14 384 407 354 Board of Trade (Footwear Marking) Regulations 1946 5 5 Bush Workers Act, 1945 2 2 1 136 136 123 Control of Prices Emergency Regulations 1939 . . ' *10 10 Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 5 5 10 2 2 3 ' '75 ' '80 ' 72 1942 (wages) Electoral Act, 1927 1 1 5 5 5 Factories Act, 1946 78 9 *347 434 '277 ' '41 ' "l2 5,016 5,069 3,987 Footwear Regulation Act, 1913 2 2 2 1 4 5 4 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925 — Awards and agreements 1,212 45 2,944 4,201 2,476 86 5 2,885 2,976 2,620 Other 21 3 106 130 100 5 3 780 788 770 Lead Process Regulations 1925 4 4 2 Minimum Wage Act, 1945 ' 41 5 ' '72 "il8 "60 1 83 84 73 Motor-spirit (Retail Hours) Regulations, 1946 4 1 7 12 6 10 10 10 Oil Fuel Emergency Regulations 1939 ■1 1 2 1 6 6 6 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 2 1 11 14 10 1 3 593 597 560 Servants' Registry Offices Act, 1908 1 1 Sharemilking Agreements Act, 1937 4 ' 10 ' 14 9 1 1 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 21 134 155 124 1 176 177 i.57 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 63 4 158 225 134 5 2 659 666 549 Spray Painting Regulations 1940 1 1 2 1 71 71 60 Strike and Lockout Emergency Regulations 1939 1 6 7 6 Wages Protection and Contractors' Liens Act, 1939 19 23 42 17 2 2 2 Weights and Measures Act, 1925 7 7 13 27 10 2 5 501 508 486 Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 12 18 30 15 1 59 60 53 Others 2 2 2 2 2 Totals 1,803 96 4,760 6,659 3,963 169 52 12,041 12,262 10,456

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Table XXI—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Workers) Investigated, Year Ended 31st March, 1950

84

Following Complaints. Following Inspections. Legislation. Cases Where Cases Cases Number of Cases Where Cases Cases Number of no Breach Resulting in Otherwise Total. Warnings no Breach Resulting in Otherwise Total. Warnings Disclosed. Prosecution. Disposed of. Issued. Disclosed. Prosecution. Disposed of. Issued. Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 .. 3 1 7 11 4 Aniiual Holidays Act, 1944 1 9 10 9 1 1 io 12 9 Apprentices Act, 1948 3 7 8 18 8 8 97 105 97 Factories Act, 1946 1 1 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act —- • Awards and agreements 93 2. 518 613 437 4 1 124 129 97 Other 2 44 46 41 Minimum Wage Act, 1945 2 2 Strike and Lockout Emergency 31 31 is 14 14 5 Regulations 1939 Other 3 3 1 1 1 Total 104 13 617 734 517 5 10 247 262 209

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Table XXV—Work Done under Tenancy Act, 1948, During Year Ended, 31st March, 1950

85

— Auckland. Wellington. Christchurch. Dunedin. Other Districts. New Zealand. 1. Agreements on Pair Rent — Dwellinghouses— 294 94 1,037 2,499 Approved 780 294 Not approved 31 76 72 12 122 313 Property— Approved 263 218 147 103 (812 1,343 Not approved 3 96 36 7 101 243 2. Cases where Court Proceedings for Pixation of Pair Rent Involved — Dwellinghouses— 23 Owners application 104 109 59 134 429 Tenants application 139 152 36 12 67 406 Cases Where Parties Required to Notify Department of Having Made Application to the Court to have a Pair Rent Pixed — Dwellinghouses— 12 87 83 280 (a) Rents Officer intervened in the 98 proceedings 22 12 27 140 (6) Did not intervene 77 2 Property— 21 . 10 36 70 (a) Rents Officer intervened in the 3 proceedings 22 24 28 (b) Did not intervene 6 80 3 Cases Where Requests for Variation of Rentals 371 322 193 45 234 1,165 Settled Without Reference to Court (Other than Agreed Variation) 4. Agreements Under Section 48 Contracting out of the Provisions of the Act— (a) Servicemen — Approved 20 4 8 3 27 62 Not approved 2 1 1 2 1 7 (6) OthersApproved 195 26 41 14 145 421 Not approved 6 9 12 1 11 39 5. Tenant Represented in Eviction Proceedings 358 211 78 19 191 857 or Notices to Quit Involving Court Proceedings 19 106 302 6. Notices to Quit, Abandoned, or Withdrawn 6 171 upon Rents Officer's Intervention 7. Cases Where Application Made to Convert Dwellings into Plats — • (a) By Court proceedings 3 1 1 5 (b) By negotiation .. .. 2 2 4 8. Action Taken to have Repairs Effected to Dwellinghouses— (a) Involving Court proceedings 25 1 6 95 7 (b) Settled without reference to Court .. '64 ii 13 208 9. Actions Taken with Reference to Denial of Amenities .(Dwellinghouses)— 11 (a) Prosecutions . 8 3 (b) Settled as a result of Rents Officer's 50 "76 • 12 "6 42 186 intervention 10. Miscellaneous Tenancy Matters ' .. ; 291 92 168 68 554 1,173

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Table XXVI—Prosecutions Taken and Results, Year Ended 31st March, 1950

86

Authority. Total Number of Cases Taken. Convictions. Dismissed. Withdrawals. Otherwise Disposed of. Total Amount of Fines, Excluding Costs. E. W. E. W. E. W. E. W. E. W. Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 Apprentices Act, 1948 Factories Act, 1946 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925 — Awards and agreements Other Minimum Wage Act, 1945 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 ( AA7" Q Ct a Q \ 0 5 9 22 21 50 5 6 4 8 3 1 1 15 3 3 4 5 14 20 33 4 1 3 8 2 1 1 15 3 *3 1 4 1 11 1 2 1 3 1 5 3 i 4 1 £ S. d. 10 10 0 20 1 0 126 0 0 41 0 0 68 0 0 15 0 0 2 0 0 13 0 0 18 0 0 20 0 0 \ vv d>ges) Motor-spirits (Retail Hours) Regulations 1946 Other 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 13 0 0 Total—1949-50 136 23 97 23 21 13 5 347 11 0 1948-49 344 54 246 33 36 1 43 12 19 8 740 8 6 Notes. —(a) E = taken against employer ; W = taken against worker. .(b) There were 12 prosecutions under the Weights and Measures Act, 1925, durirg the year, were withdrawn. The total amount of fines was £46. resulting in 9 convictions and 1 dismissal. Two cases

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Table XXVII —Civil Proceedings for Recovery of Wages on Behalf of Workers, Year Ended 31st March, 1950

Table XXVIII —Number of Requisitions for Improvements Served*

87

Authority. Number of Cases. Judgment for Plaintiff. Judgment for Defendant or Otherwise Disposed of. Total Amount for Which Judgment Obtained, Excluding Costs. Annual Holidays Act, 1944 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925— Awards and agreements Apprentices Act, 1948 3 2 26 2 3 14 2 2 12 £ s. d. 10 13 7 459 2 9 195 8 2 Total—1949-50 33 19 14 665 4 6 1948-49 59 25 34 783 9 5 1947-48 74 31 43 1,618 0 9

Year Ended 31st March, Authority. 1 1948. 1949. | 1950. Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 .. . .. . , 52 92 69 Bush-workers Act, 1945.. 277 . 252 158 Factories Act, 1946 .. i. 1,538 3,126 4,077 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925— Awards and agreements 162 557 460 Other 133 18 Lead Process Regulations 1925 9 4 2 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 90 194 296 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 2 22 2 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 151 299 325 Spray Painting Regulations 1940.. 4 108 63 Others 7 Totals 2,418 4,672 5,459 * Note.—Many of these requisitions required improvements in two oi ■ more ways, so that the number of improvements effected is in excess of the number of requisitions shown.

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Table XXIX—Arrears of Wages Paid at Instigation of Department, Year Ended 31st March, 1950

88

Authority Paid Through Department. Paid Directly 1 to Workers. Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 2,427 17 7 1,055 5 11 3,483 3 6 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 1,983 8 4 769 0 6 2,752 8 10 Apprentices Act, 1948 782 9 7 2,137 0 2 2,919 9 9 Factories Act, 1946 42 14 4 531 18 1 574 12 5 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925— Awards and agreements 18,405 2 5 18,782 12 2 37,187 14 7 Other 46 18 5 24 11 0 71 9 5 Minimum Wage Act, 1945 547 6 10 674 3 1 1,221 9 11 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 112 6 3 107 6 1 219 12 4 Wages Protection and Contractors' Liens Act, 1939 Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 93 14 8 99 7 5 193 2 1 Others 7 12 2 125 6 2 132 18 4 Total—1949-50 24,449 10 7 24,306 10 7 48,756 1 2 1948-49 30,245 11 0 28,220 12 9 58,466 3 9

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APPENDIX II Return Pursuant to Section 17 op the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, Showing the Number op Affiliated Unions in Each Industrial Association and the Number of Members in Each Industrial Union Registered Under the Act to 31st December, 1949 (As a matter of convenience, registrations, cancellations, and changes of name subsequent to 31st December, 1949, and up to and including 30th June, 1950, have also been shown.)

INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF EMPLOYERS

89

Number of TJ pkcr Affiliated jxeg. No. Name. Unions, December, 1940. 1727 New Zealand Baeon Curers 4 1732 New Zealand Master Bakers and Pastrycooks 10 526 New Zealand Federated Builders and Contractors 19 1672 New Zealand Master Butchers 16 1655 New Zealand Master Carriers and Customhouse Agents 4 1869 New Zealand Dairy Factories 6 1886 New Zealand Fibrous Plaster Manufacturers 3 1593 New Zealand Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Allied Products Manufacturing 2 1845 New Zealand Furniture and Furnishing Trades 4 1253 New Zealand Federated Ironmasters 4 1623 New Zealand United Licensed Victuallers 19 1043 New Zealand Federated Newspaper Proprietors 4 1260 New Zealand Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners 2 1314 New Zealand Federated Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 9 893 New Zealand Federation of Master Plumbers 11 724 New Zealand Master Printers 7 1809 New Zealand Private Hotel Keepers 4 1844 New Zealand Soap Manufacturers .. .. .. . . .. 4 1731 New Zealand Tanners 3 *1868 New Zealand Theatre Proprietors 1248 New Zealand Waterside Employers' Association 10 Totals : Number of associations as at 3,1st December, 1949, 21 145 * Defunct: in process of cancellation.

11—11

INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF WORKERS

90

Number of Reg. No. Affiliated Name. Unions, December, 1949. 1318 New Zealand Federated Biscuit and Confectionery and Related Trades 5 561 New Zealand Federated Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship and Bridge Builders .. 4 1791 New Zealand Federated Brush and Broom Trade Employees 4 1949 New Zealand Federated Building Trade 4 1884 New Zealand Federated Caretakers, Cleaners, Lift Attendants and Watchmens 5 1796 New Zealand Federated Clerical and Office Staff Employees 7 2014 New Zealand Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 6 124 New Zealand Federated Clothing Trade Employees 4 473 New Zealand Federated Coach and Motor Body Builders and Related Trades 3 1225 Federated Cooks and Stewards of New Zealand 2 1948 New Zealand Federated Dental Technicians and Assistants 4 1978 North Island Federated Fertilizer Workers .. .. 2 1748 New Zealand Federated Fire Brigades'Employees 4 1522 New Zealand Federated Flourmill Employees 5 53 New Zealand Federated Footwear Trade 5 1706 New Zealand Freezing Works and Related Trades .. .. . . 5 772 New Zealand Federated Furniture and Related Trade .. ... 6 1968 North Island Gold Mines Employees Federation .. .. 5 1916 South Island Gold Dredge and Alluvial Gold Mines Employees 3 1963 North Island Federated Herd Testers 3 729 New Zealand Federated Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 9 1831 New Zealand Federated Jewellers, Watchmakers and Related Trades 2 866 New Zealand Journalists .. 7 1315 New Zealand Federated Labourers and Related Trades 7 1453 New Zealand Federated Motion Picture Projectionists 5 275 New Zealand Federated Moulders 4 567 New Zealand Federated Painters and Decorators 14 1767 New Zealand Federated Paint and Varnish Manufacturing Employees 3 824 New Zealand Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 12 1779 New Zealand Federated Saddlers, Canvas Workers, Riggers and Related Trades . . 4 1306 Federated Seamen's Union of New Zealand 3 1218 New Zealand Federated Shop Assistants 18 1238 New Zealand Federated Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Warehouse Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 9 869 New Zealand Federated Theatrical and Places of Amusement Employees 3 1419 Grey Valley and Buller Underviewers and Deputies 2 912 New Zealand Federated Woollen Mills and Hosiery Factories Employees 4 • Totals : Number of associations as at 31st December, 1949, 36 192

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS

91

Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. ARCHITECTS 2019 Wellington Industrial Districts Architects 1 6 BACON-CURERS 1675 Auckland Bacon Curers 1 & 1629 Wellington Industrial District Bacon Curers .. .. .. 11 1741 Canterbury Bacon Curers .. .. .. .. • • 5 1645 Otago and Southland Bacon Curers 1 5 BAKERS 330 Auckland Master Bakers and Pastrycooks .. .. .. .. 296 1756 Taranaki Master Bakers and Pastrycooks 41 106 Wellington Master Bakers 71 1762 Manawatu, Southern Hawke's Bay and Wairarapa Master Bakers 75 1659 Nelson Master Bakers and Pastrycooks 24 1959 Westland Master Bakers 12 297 Canterbury Master Bakers 127 1736 Christchurch Cake Bakery and Cake Kitchen 12 189 Otago Master Bakers 87 1894 Southland Master Bakers and Pastrycooks 43 BOOKSELLERS 1579 Wanganui Retail Booksellers and Newsagents 10 1631 Palmerston North Retail Booksellers and Newsagents 13 1688 Hawke's Bay Retail Booksellers Stationers and Newsagents 12 1559 Wellington Retail Booksellers and Newsagents .. .. .. 15 1578 Invercargill Retail Booksellers and Newsagents .. .. 8-BOOT-MANUFACTURERS 6 I New Zealand Boot Manufacturers' Association I 87 BRICK, PIPE, AND CLAY PRODUCTS 1649 I North Island Brick, Clay Products and Concrete Pipe Manufacturers .. 1 8 BRICKLAYING CONTRACTORS 1934 I Otago Bricklaying Contractors 1 19 BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS 164 Auckland Master Builders 348 370 Gisborne Builders and Contractors .. .. 38 1443 Waikato Master Builders .. .. .. .. 103 1438 Rotorua and Bay of Plenty Master Builders 35 1974 Western Bay of Plenty Master Builders 29 1927 Taumarunui Master Builders 12 204 Taranaki Master Builders .. , 61 1390 Hawke's Bay Builders and Contractors J 20 1385 Wairarapa Master Builders .. .. .. .. . - 40

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS-continued

92

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS —continued 1343 Manawatu Master Builders and. Contractors 74 418 Wanganui Builders and Contractors 53 101 Wellington Builders, Joiners and Contractors 239 1739 Nelson Master Builders 75 1917 Marlborough Builders and Contractors 33 113 Builders, and Contractors, Association of Canterbury 179 1987 Ashburton Master Builders .. .. .. .. .. 14 1320 South Canterbury Builders and Contractors .. .. .. 39 337 Otago Builders and Contractors 104 406 Southland Builders and Contractors 68 BUTCHERS 1947 North Auckland Master Butchers .. .. .. .; 43 464 Auckland Provincial Master Butchers 136 1956 Auckland Butchers (Multiple Shops) 3 838 Poverty Bay Master Butchers .. 18 1281 South Auckland Master Butchers 155 1562 Taranaki Master Butchers ' 53 1451 Manawatu Master Butchers 38 1448 Wanganui Master Butchers 29 1437 Wellington Master Butchers 96 1666 Wairarapa Master Butchers 13 1984 Marlborough Butchers 9 1870 Nelson Master Butchers .. .. .. 10 1853 Westland Master Butchers 20 430 Canterbury Butchers 125 1926 South Canterbury Master Butchers .. .. 26 1986 Oamaru and Suburban Master Butchers 11 891 Dunedin and Suburban Master Butchers 62 1280 Dunedin and Suburban Pork Butchers 5 560 Invercargill and Suburban Master Butchers 30 CANISTER MAKERS 1885 | New Zealand Canister Makers .. .. .. v. .. ' • • I 3 CARDBOARD-BOX MAKERS 2007 [ New Zealand Cardboard Package and Paper Bag Manufacturers .. .. I 19 CARRIERS 348 Auckland and Suburban General Carriers and Coal, Merchants 59 1561 Waipa Master Carriers 31 1790 Gisborne Carriers .. .. .. .. 9 1118 Wellington General Carriers and Customhouse and Forwarding Agents 73 324 Canterbury Employers of Drivers 56 1472 Otago Carriers and Customs Agents 42 CHARTERED CLUBS 1909 i New Zealand Chartered Clubs .. .. .. •. ., .. 1 t 53

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS-continued

93

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. CLOTHING TRADES 122 Auckland Master Tailors 44 447 Taranaki Master Tailors 12 815 Wellington Clothing Manufacturers 12 1197 Wellington Soft Goods Manufacturers 35 1840 Wellington Industrial District Furriers 9 831 Christchurch Clothing Manufacturers 40 125 Christchurch Master Tailors 18 313 Dunedin Master Tailors 9 COACHBUILDERS. (See Motor Industries) COAL-MERCHANTS. (See also Carriers) 1582 Wellington Coal Merchants and Dealers .. 42 1550 Dunedin and Suburban Coal Merchants 74 CONCRETE-GOODS MANUFACTURERS. (See also Brick, &c., Products) 1855 North Island Concrete Products and Pumice Goods (except concrete pipes) 18 Manufacturers 1859 North Canterbury Concrete and Pumice Products (except concrete pipes) 8 Manufacturers CONFECTIONERS 1482 Wellington District Manufacturing Confectioners • • 1 7 COUNTY COUNCILS 1772 | New Zealand County Councils . .. .. .. i I 123 DAIRY FACTORIES 2017 Northland Dairy Factories 16 1857 Auckland Dairy Factories 24 605 Taranaki Dairying and Farming 56 1356 Wellington Dairy Factories 76 1961 Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson and Westland Dairy Factories • 30 1919 Otago and Southland Dairy Factories 56 DENTAL EMPLOYERS 1988 I New Zealand Dental Employers •• | 532 DRAINLAYERS 1982 ! I Wellington (30 miles radius) Drainlayers .9 DRAPERS, MILLINERS, MERCERS, AND CLOTHIERS (RETAILERS) 1921 | New Zealand Drapers, Clothiers, Mercers, Milliners arid Boot Retailers I 2,970 ELECTRICAL TRADE 1689 New Zealand Electric Power Boards and Supply Authorities 71 2013 Hawke's Bay Electrical Contractors 23 1577 Wellington Electrical Contractors 164 1580 Wellington Wholesale Electrical Traders 11 1769 Wellington Storage Battery Manufacturers .. 4 1702 Canterbury Electrical Contractors 75 1633 Otago Electrical Traders 31 1634 Otago Electrical Contractors .. . . .. 43 ELECTROPLATERS 1615 I Wellington District Electroplaters .. I 8

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS-continued

94

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. ENGINEERS AND IRON AND BRASS FOUNDERS 1252 Auckland Ironmasters .. . - .. .. .. 57 1019 Jas. J. Niven and Company Limited 1 1105 Wellington Engineers, Metal Workers, and Iron and Brassfounders .. 50 1247 Christchurch Engineers, Metal Workers, and Iron and Brass Founders 29 1087 Dunedin Engineers, Metal Workers, and Iron and Brassfounders 28. FARMERS 1685 New Zealand Agricultural and Related Farmers 97" 1684 New Zealand Dairy Farmers' .... 90 1704 New Zealand Fruitgrowers 382 1590 New Zealand Commercial Gardeners .... 1,163 1673 New Zealand Sheepowners .. .. .. .. .. 440' 1621 Nelson District Hopgrowers T FIRE BOARDS 1867 New Zealand Fire Boards .. .. .. .. .. .. j 42r FLORISTS 1798 Wellington Industrial District Florists .. .. .. .. 14 FOODSTUFFS 1584 Wellington District Drug, Chemical, Condiment, Patent Food and Medicine 52 Manufacturers 1875 Canterbury Sauce, Pickle, Preserved Food and Starch Manufacturers 5 FREEZING COMPANIES 1999 | New Zealand Freezing Companies .. .. .. .. I 31 FROZEN PRODUCTS 1514 1 New Zealand Frozen Products Manufacturers I 10 FURNITURE AND FURNISHING TRADE 911 Auckland Furniture and Furnishing 33 1022 Wellington Furniture and Furnishing Trade 55 1770 Wellington Flock, Felt and Spring Manufacturers .. .. .. 5 141 Christchurch Furniture Makers .. .. .. .. .. 10 1878 Otago Furniture and Furnishing Trades .. .. .. .. 8 GAS-METER MANUFACTURERS 1698 1 Wellington Gas Meter Manufacturers .. .. .. .. .. l 3 GASWORKS 1954 I New Zealand Gasworks .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | 31 GATE, FENCE, AND WIRE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS 1744 I Wellington District Gate Fence and Wire Products Manufacturers .. .. ] 4 GLASS, OIL, COLOUR, PAINT, AND WALLPAPER 1620 1 Wellington Glass, Oil, Colour, Paint and Wallpaper Merchants .. .. 1 30 1966 | Otago Glass-bevelling, Silvering and Leadlight Manufacturers .. .. I 4

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS-continued

95

Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. GROCERS 1566 Auckland Chain Grocery Stores 8 1713 Auckland Master Grocers 1,182 1690 Gisborne Master Grocers 74 1229 Taranaki Provincial Retail Grocers .. .. .. .. 176 1421 Wellington Chain Grocery Stores .. .. .. .. 6 1123 Wellington Grocers 255 1589 Nelson District Master Grocers 92 1422 Canterbury Chain Grocery Stores 3 1368 Canterbury Master Grocers 23 302 Otago Grocers 338 664 Southland Grocers 208 HAIRDRESSERS AND TOBACCONISTS 1876 Auckland Ladies Hairdressing and Beauty Salon Proprietors 11 1581 Wellington Ladies' Hairdressing Salon Proprietors 30 1860 Wellington Tobacconists and Hairdressers 85 1069 Christchurch Hairdressers and Tobacconists 151 1724 North Canterbury Ladies' Hairdressers 42 HARBOUR BOARDS 1725 New Zealand Harbour Boards .. .. .. .. .. .. | 22 HARDWARE-MERCHANTS 1426 Briscoe, E. W. Mills and Company, Ltd. .. .. .. .. .. j 1 HAT-MANUFACTURERS 1497 | Wellington District Hat Manufacturers and Milliners .. .. .. j 1 5 HOSPITAL BOARDS 1883 | New Zealand Hospital Boards .. .. .. .. .. .. ; [ 45 HOTELKEEPERS (LICENSED) 736 Auckland Licensed Victuallers Association .. .. .. ... 192 1599 Poverty Bay Licensed Victuallers 30 |2023 Taranaki United Licensed Victuallers * 516 Taranaki Licensed Victuallers .. .. *1610 Egmont Licensed Victuallers *1611 Patea Licensed Victuallers *1612 Stratford Licensed Victuallers 1607 Hawke's Bay Licensed Victuallers 54 1597 Wellington Licensed Victuallers 72 1601 Wairarapa Licensed Victuallers 18 1602 Palmerston North Licensed Victuallers . 18 1604 Manawatu Licensed Victuallers 5 1605 Rangitikei Licensed Victuallers 13 1606 Wanganui Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. 17 1-553 Marlborough Licensed Hotel-keepers 16 1583 Nelson Licensed Victuallers 30 1600 Westport Licensed Victuallers 16 1996 Inangahua Licensed Victuallers 18 1815 Greymouth Licensed Victuallers 45 459 Canterbury Licensed Victuallers 127 1598 Waitaki Licensed Victuallers 7 1614 Timaru Licensed Victuallers 23 1608 Dunedin Licensed Victuallers 103 1749 Southland Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. ...... 55 * Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1949—no returns supplied, t Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1949.

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS-continued

96

Reg. No, Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. HOTELKEEPERS (PRIVATE) 2012 Rotorua Private Hotels .. 18 1496 Wellington Private Hotelkeepers 14 1825 Hawke's Bay Private Hotel and Boardinghouse Keepers 3 1742 Canterbury Private Hotel Proprietors 13 1745 Otago Private Hotelkeepers 3 JAM-MANUFACTURERS 1505 Thompson and Hills Limited .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1 1504 S. Kirkpatrick and Company, Limited 1 1564 Dunedin Canning Company, Limited 1 JEWELLERS • 1569 Wellington District Manufacturing Jewellers, Die Sinkers, Silversmiths, Engravers, 1 S and Watchmakers LAUNDRYMEN 1508 Auckland Laundrymen, Dyers and Dry Cleaners 21 1473 Wellington District Laundrymen, Dyers, and Dry Cleaners IT 1735 South Island Laundrymen, Dry Cleaners and Dyers 18 LIME-MANUFACTURERS 1842 Wellington District Lime Manufacturers .. .. .. .. 1 4 MILLERS. . (See also Threshing-mill owners and Sawmillers) 1737 New Zealand Flour, Oatmeal and Pearl Barley Millers I 37 MINE-OWNERS (COAL AND GOLD) 163 | Taupiri Coal Mines Limited .. .. .. .. .. 1 318 Otago and Southland Gold Mining .. .. .. .. ! 3 MOTOR INDUSTRIES 1802 1 New Zealand Motor Trade | 46 2005 | New Zealand Motor Body Builders 1 182 NURSERYMEN AND LANDSCAPE GARDENERS 1257 1 Auckland Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners 1 29 1255 | Wellington Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners i 42 OPTICIANS 1537 | Wellington Industrial District Opticians .. .. .. .. .. | 12 PAINTERS AND DECORATORS 472 Auckland Guild of Master Painters. Decorators, and Signwriters | 314 *2020 Taranaki Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 1983 Hawke's Bay Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 27 131 Wellington Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 160 2004 Manawatu Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 57 1677 Wanganui Master Painters and Decorators 39 2010 Nelson and Marlborough Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 35 1321 North Canterbury Master Painters, Signwriters, and Decorators 53 1997 South Canterbury Master Painters, Signwriters, and Decorators 21 343 Otago Painters 44 2018 Southland Master Painters and Signwriters 34 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1949.

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS-continued

4—H 11

97

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. PAINT AND VARNISH MANUFACTURERS 1481 Wellington District Paint, Varnish, and Allied Products' Manufacturers ! 13 PASSENGER TRANSPORT 1998 New Zealand Motor Omnibus and Service Car Proprietors 55 2008 New Zealand Tramways and Public Passenger Transport Authorities 6 PLASTERERS 1778 Auckland Provincial Plasterers and Fibrous Plasterers j 51 1733 Wellington Industrial District Plasterers and Fibrous Plasterers 32 1383 Canterbury Master Plasterers 7 1866 Otago and Southland Fibrous Plasterers I 4 PLUMBERS 571 Auckland Master Plumbers .. .. .. .. .. 266 142 Thomas Ballinger and Company, Limited 1 *2022 Hawke's Bay Master Plumbers 1274 Wanganui District Master Plumbers 31 1977 Manawatu-Wairarapa Master Plumbers 54 1969 Hutt Valley Master Plumbers 27 886 Wellington Master Plumbers 78 .1985 Nelson Master Plumbers 23 1925 Westland Master Plumbers 7 894 Christchurch Master Plumbers .. .. 66 1557 Timaru Master Plumbers 15 867 Dunedin Plumbers 43 875 Invercargill Plumbers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I 34 PRINTERS AND NEWSPAPER-PROPRIETORS 539 Auckland Master Printers and Allied Trades .. .. .. .. ! 85 1070 Auckland Provincial Newspaper Proprietors .. .. .. 14 1776 Auckland Stationery Manufacturers .. .. .. .. 4 979 Gisborne Master Printers and Book Binders .. .. .. 3 861 Taranaki Master Printers, Lithographers, and Bookbinders .. .. .. j 7 1361 Wairarapa Master Printers and Allied Trades .. .. .. .. j 5 644 Wellington Master Printers, Lithographers, and Bookbinders .. .. 27 948 Wellington Newspaper Proprietors .. .. .. .. . . j 11 1800 Wellington Stationery Manufacturers .. .. .. .. .. j 6 694 Canterbury Master Printers .. .. .. .. .. .. j 29 914 Canterbury Newspaper Proprietors .. .. .. . . 4 1072 Timaru Master Printers and Bookbinders .. .. .. .. 6 519 Whitcombe and Tombs, Limited .. .. .. .. .. 1 936 Otago and Southland Newspaper Proprietors .. .. .. 6 325 Otago Master Printers .. .. .. . - -. .. .. | 34 RABBIT BOARDS 1833 j New Zealand Rabbit Boards .. .. .. .. . - .. j 76 RADIO MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS 1804 Auckland Provincial Radio Traders 30 1643 Wellington Radio Traders 43 1786 Wellington Radio Manufacturers 9 1808 i Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson and Westland Radio Traders 43 * Registered subsequent to 81st December, 1949.

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS-continued

98

Reg. No. Name. Numberof Members, December, 1949. 1491 RESTAURANT-PROPRIETORS Wellington Tea Rooms, Restaurant, and Refreshment Room Proprietors .. 1 75 1980 1912 RETAILERS Auckland Fruit and Vegetable Retailers .. .. Wellington United Retailers (other than Booksellers, Butchers, Florists, Grocers, Hairdressers, Opticians, Tobacconists, Tea-room and Restaurant Proprietors or Retailers of Drapery, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Furniture, Radios and Wood and Coal) 250 40 1780 1549 SADDLERY, HARNESS, AND LEATHER GOODS MANUFACTURERS Auckland Saddle, Bridle, Harness, Collar and Bag Manufacturers Wellington Industrial District Saddlers, Harness Makers, Bridle Makers, Collar Makers, Leather and Fibre Bag Makers 5 12 1498 SAIL, TENT, AND CANVAS GOODS Wellington District Sail, Tent and Canvas Goods Manufacturers' Society 12 1880 148 305 SAWMILLERS New Zealand Timber Industry Auckland Sawmillers and Woodware Manufacturers .. .. Canterbury Sawmillers 353 22 29 342 326 137 SHIPOWNERS Devonport Steam Ferry Company, Limited .. .. .. .. Northern Steamship Company, Limited Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, Limited .. .. 1 1 1 1625 1816 1843 1841 SOAP-MANUFACTURERS Auckland Soap Manufacturers Wellington Industrial District Soap Manufacturers Canterbury Soap Manufacturers .. .. .. .. .. McLeod Bros., Ltd. 3 4 5 1 1509 1714 1715 TANNERS AND FELLMONGERS Auckland Tanners Christchurch Tanners .. .. Otago and Southland Tanners 1 4 3 1 3 1970 1952 TAXI-PROPRIETORS 1 Northern, Taranaki and Wellington Taxi Proprietors .. .. Canterbury and Otago and Southland Taxi Proprietors I 12 1 . 11 *1858 *1411 J1854 •j-2021^ THEATRE-PROPRIETORS Wellington Industrial District Theatre Proprietors .. .. .. J. C. Williamson Picture Corporation, Ltd. Canterbury Motion Picture Theatre and Places of Amusement Owners New Zealand Motion Picture Theatre and General Theatrical ii 1902 1396 379 THRESHING-MILL OWNERS North Island Threshing Mill and Agricultural Contractors North Canterbury American Type Threshing Mill and Header Harvester Owners South Canterbury Threshing-mill Owners TRAMWAYS. (See Passenger Transport) 33 26 8 * Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1949 —no returns supplied, t Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1949. % Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1949.

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS-continued

99

Reg. No Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. WATERSIDE EMPLOYERS 1241 Auckland Waterside Employers' Union 14 1276 New Plymouth Waterside Employers' Union 9 1245 Wanganui Waterside Employers' Union ,. . . . . 10 1239 Wellington Waterside Employers' Union 13 1279 Picton Waterside Employers' Union 4 1283 Nelson Waterside Employers' Union 6 1277 Greymouth Waterside Employers' Union 4 1244 Lyttelton Waterside Employers' Union 14 1240 Timaru Waterside Employers' Union 8 1242 ! Otago and Southland Waterside Employers' Union 7 WICKERWORK 1707 | Wellington District Wickerwork (other than Furniture) and Perambulator 11 Manufacturers WOOLSCOURERS 1665 Wellington Wool Scourers 7 1740 Canterbury Woolscourers 9 Totals : .Number of Unions as at 31st December, 1949, 282 18,396

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS

100

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. AIRCRAFT WORKERS. (See Engineers and Allied Workers) ARCHITECTS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS 1990 1635 | Wellington Architects' Assistants 1 Christehurch Architects' and Structural Engineers' Assistants ASBESTOS WORKERS 1 30 20 1892 | Auckland Asbestos Workers ASSURANCE WORKERS. (See Clerical Workers) BAKERS AND PASTRYCOOKS | 102 1882 | New Zealand Baking Trades Employees BISCUIT AND CONFECTIONERY EMPLOYEES I 2,039 1313 1452 1439 1345 Auckland Biscuit and Confectionery and Related Products Employees Wellington Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees Nelson Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees Christehurch Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees Otago and Southland Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees BOOTMAKERS AND REPAIRERS 750 225 60 246 1142 560 59 14 *2024 fl964 f35 45 Auckland Operative Bootmakers Society Wellington Operative Bootmakers Society .. .. .. .. Canterbury, Westland, Nelson and Marlborough Footwear Operatives Greymouth Footwear Operatives .. .. .. .. .. Christehurch Footwear Operatives .. .. .. .. Dunedin Operative Bootmakers .. .. .. .. .. BREWERS AND AERATED WATER EMPLOYEES 1,397 662 S 1,279 299 1874 873 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Brewers, Bottlers, Bottle-washers and Aerated Water Employees Otago and Southland Brewery, Bottling Houses and Aerated Waters 1,089 186 BRICK, TILE, AND POTTERY WORKERS. (See also Labourers (Miscellaneous)) 1186 J Otago and Southland Brick, Tile Pottery and Concrete Goods Makers .. .. ] 134 BRICKLAYERS 1945 1 576 1 New Zealand (except Northern Industrial District) Bricklayers and Related Trades 1 Auckland Bricklayers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 BRUSH AND BROOM WORKERS 215 147 1693 | 1879 1064 1080 Auckland Brush, Broom and Mop Trade Wellington Brush and Broom Workers Christehurch Brush and Broom Trade Dunedin Brush and Broom Trade 53 7 155 65 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1949. t Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1949.

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS-continued

101

Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. CARBONISATION WORKERS 1626 Waikato Carbonisation Limited Employees 1 41 CARPENTERS AND JOINERS 1940 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Carpenters and Joiners and Joiners' 6,339 Machinists 2009 Auckland Carpenters and Joiners and Joiners' Machinists 1,940 804 Masterton Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners and 189 Joiners' Machinists 1293 Oamaru Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners 103 78 Otago Carpenters and Joiners and Joiners' Machinists 941 792 Invercargill Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners and 534 Joiners Machinists CHEMICAL MANURE AND ACID WORKERS. (Also included in Freezing Workers) 1335 New Plymouth Chemical Fertilizer Workers 110 1446 Wanganui Chemical Fertilizer and Acid Workers I 90 CLEANERS, CARETAKERS, AND LIFT-ATTENDANTS 1125 Auckland Cleaners Caretakers Lift Attendants and Watchmens 600 1787 Taranaki Cleaners, Caretakers and Lift Attendants .. ... 21 1488 Wellington Caretakers, Cleaners and Lift Attendants 403 1515 Christchurch Cleaners, Caretakers and Lift Attendants 176 1781 Dunedin Liftmen, Cleaners and Caretakers 110 ■CLERICAL WORKERS. (See also Tally Clerks, Local Bodies' Officers, &c., and Sugar Workers) 1950 New Zealand Life Assurance Agents Canvassers and Collectors 572 1528 New Zealand General Insurance 1,784 1653 New Zealand Bank Officials 3,665 1526 New Zealand Shipping Officers 833 1636 New Zealand Freezing and Related Industries Clerical Officers 907 1676 Auckland Legal Employees .. .. .. 596 1489 Auckland Clerical and Office Staff Employees 6,355 1651 Auckland Public Accountants' Employees 91 1760 Auckland Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 449 1846 Auckland Provincial Dairy Companies' Secretaries 33 1864 Wellington, Taranaki and Marlborough Clerical Workers 4,322 1928 New Plymouth Public Accountants Employees 21 1571 Taranaki Legal Employees 103 1765 Taranaki Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 200 1850 Hawke's Bay and Wairarapa Public Accountants' Employees 253 1507 Wellington Legal Employees 390 1637 Wellington Public Accountants' Employees 291 1759 Wellington Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 489 1764 Marlborough Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 51 1552 Nelson Law Practitioners' Employees 33 1573 Nelson Clerical Employees 181 1766 Nelson Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 28 1835 Nelson Public Accountants' Employees 16 1585 Greymouth Law Practitioners' Employees 30 1792 Greymouth Clerical and Office Staff Employees .. .; ' 191

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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS-continued

102

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. CLERICAL WORKERS. (See also Tally Clerks, Local Bodies' Officers, &c., and Sugar Workers) — continued 1139 Canterbury Clerks Cashiers and Office Employees I 3,306 1594 Canterbury Law Practitioners' Employees .. 390 1650 Christchurch Accountants' and Sharebrokers' Employees 260 1763 Canterbury Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 279 1527 Otago Clerical Workers .. 1,401 1708 Otago and Southland Public Accountants Employees 105 1758 Otago and Southland Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 315 1826 Otago and Southland Part-time and Full-time Dairy Factory Secretaries 20 1512 Dunedin Law Practitioners' Employees 183 1541 Invercar gill Clerks and Office Assistants 475 1536 Invercargill Legal Employees 77 CLOTHING-TRADE EMPLOYEES 720 Auckland Cutters, Trimmers, Pressers, and other Clothing Employees 475 73 Auckland Tailoresses and other Female Clothing and Related Trades Employees 5,741 67 Auckland Tailors 85 1915 Wellington and Taranaki Clothing and Related Trades 3,766 1801 Canterbury, Westland, Nelson, and Marlborough Clothing Trades 2,476 1477 Dunedin Fur Trade Employees 143 1958 Otago and Southland Clothing and Related Trades 1,576COACHWORKERS 2011 Wellington, Taranaki, Nelson, and Marlborough Coach and Motor-body Workers 675 2006 Canterbury and Westland Coach and Motor-body Builders .. .. 365 205 Otago and Southland Coach Workers and Wheelwrights 72 COAL-MINE WORKERS 1282 Northern Coal Mine Workers 1,589 1109 Northern Coal Mines Underground Officials 112 1513 North Auckland Coal Miners 140 1447 Ohura District Coalminers 98 1703 Nelson Industrial District Coal Mine Workers 4 1344 Buller Underviewers and Deputies 65 1348 Grey Valley Deputies and Underviewers 80 1753 Runanga State Coal Miners 520 1668 Grey Valley Collieries Ltd. Employees 238 1679 Seddonville Coal Miners 15 1743 Runanga District Coal Mine Employees 32 1641 Canterbury Coal Mine Workers 52 829 Otago Coal Miners 260 1290 Ohai District Underviewers, Deputies, and Shotfirers.. .. .. 37 1728 Mataura District Coal Mine Workers .. .. .. .. 20 COOKS AND STEWARDS (MARINE) 393 Auckland Federated Cooks and Stewards 2251309 Wellington District (New Zealand) Marine Chief Stewards 11 212 Federated Cooks and Stewards of New Zealand 625-

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103

Reg. No. Name. . Number of Members, December, 1949. CREAMERIES, CHEESE, BUTTER, AND DAIRY EMPLOYEES 1723 New Zealand Dairy Factories and Related Trades Employees .. 3,647 1738 North Island Dairy Factory Managers 298 753 Auckland Milkroundsmens 185 966 Wellington Dairy Employees 227 1830 South Island Dairy Factory Managers 30 833 Otago and Southland Dairy Factory Managers 54 1039 Southland Milk Condensing Factories Employees .. .. .. 61 DENTAL ASSISTANTS AND TECHNICIANS 1567 Auckland Dental Assistants and Technicians 205 1543 Wellington Dental Assistants and Technicians 188 1746 Canterbury Dental Assistants and Technicians 101 1807 Otago and Southland Dental Assistants and Technicians 89 DRIVERS 2001 Northern (except Gisborne) Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and 00 -+ lO their Assistants 699 Gisborne Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 286 1151 Taranaki Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 503 375 Hawke's Bay Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 560 730 Wanganui Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants . . 420 219 Wellington Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants . . 1,650 1223 Blenheim Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 3 36 1146 Nelson Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 294 1654 Westland Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 192 281 Canterbury Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 1,550 1468 Southland Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants . . 400 1119 Otago Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 1,000 ELECTRICAL WORKERS. (See also Engineers and Allied Workers) 1939 j North Island Electrical Trades I 2,935 892 ! Dunedin and Suburban General Electrical Workers 105 ENGINE-DRIVERS. (See also Coal-mine and Gold-mine Workers ; Flour-mill Employees • New Zealand Railways Employees) 1813 1 New Zealand Engine Drivers, River Engineers, Marine Engine Drivers, Greasers, | 905 Firemen and Assistants 1 ENGINEERS AND ALLIED WORKERS 1951 New Zealand Engineering, Coachbuilding, Aircraft and Related Trades 21,204 596 Auckland District Boilermakers, Iron Ship Workers and Bridgebuilders 335 149 Auckland Iron and Brass Moulders 220 * 779 Ohinemuri Branch of the Amalgamated Engineering Union (including Electricians 36 and Motor Mechanics) 97 Wellington Iron and Brass Moulders 104 930 Wellington Metal Workers' Assistants 170 19 Wellington United Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship and Bridge Builders 100 107 Christchurch Iron and Brass Moulders 222 372 United Boiler-makers, Iron and Steel Ship-builders of Canterbury 58 703 Dunedin Canister Workers 71 80 Dunedin Iron and Brass Moulders 276 1140 Green Island Iron Rolling Mills Employees 29 197 Otago Metal Workers' Assistants .. .. .. 175 102 United Boilermakers Iron and Steel Shipbuilders of Otago 80-

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104

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. FARM WORKERS. (See Rural Workers) FELT-HATTERS 1494 | Auckland Hatters I 72 FERRY EMPLOYEES 1130 j Devonport Ferry Company's Employees 1 150 FIRE-BRIGABESMEN 1920 New Zealand Fire Brigade Superintendents and Deputy Superintendents 32 921 Auckland Fire Brigades' Employees 104 1811 Northern, Wellington, Taranaki and Nelson Fire Brigades Employees .. 150 1342 Christchurch Fire Brigades' Employees 80 1131 Dune-din Firebrigades Employees 93 FISH-TRADE EMPLOYEES 381 j Auckland Fish Trade Employees (other than Fishermen) | 72 1539 j Wellington Fish Workers 25 FLAXMILL EMPLOYEES 540 Manawatu Flaxmill and Flax Textile Employees 1 200 1754 Southland Flaxmill Employees 1 50 FLOUR-MILL EMPLOYEES 183 Auckland United Flourmill Employees 99 1719 Wellington Industrial District Flour Mills Employees .. 26 1180 Timaru United Millers and Flour Mill Employees 66 174 Canterbury United Flour Mill Employees 141 1059 Oamaru Flourmills Employees ... 40 1538 Dune din Flourmills Employees . . .. .. ... P4 FREEZING WORKERS 1923 Auckland Freezing Works and Abattoir Employees 4,386 1406 Gisborne District Freezing Works and Related Trades Employees .. 410 1975 Wellington, Nelson, Marlborough and Taranaki Freezing Works, Abattoir and 5,787 Related Trades Employees 747 Canterbury Freezing Works and Related Trades Employees 2,590 599 Otago and Southland Freezing Works and Related Trades Employees 2,632 FURNITURE-TRADE EMPLOYEES 910 Auckland United Furniture and Related Trades .. .. 1,127 1330 Taranaki Federated Furniture Trades 14 1823 Wellington, Nelson and Marlborough Federated Furniture and Related Trades .. 965 1906 Christchurch and Greymouth Federated Furniture and Related Trades 717 84 Dunedin Federated Furniture and Related Trades 270 411 Southland Federated Furniture Trades 64 GASWORKS EMPLOYEES 1955 Auckland Gas Works and Related Trades Employees 280 2002 Gisborne Gas Works and Related Trades Employees 24 1957 Wellington, Taranaki, Nelson and Marlborough Gas Works and Related Trades 302 Employees 1960 Canterbury and Westland Gas Works and Related Trades Employees .. 170 1953 Otago and Southland Gas Works and Related Trades Employees 92

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105

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. GOLD-MINE WORKERS 863 Ohinemuri Mines and Batteries Employees (other than Engineers, Engine-drivers 247 and Firemen) 16 Thames Miners 50 1471 Westland Gold Dredge and Alluvial Gold Mines Employees 175 1546 Otago Gold Dredge and Alluvial Gold Mines' Employees 65 -"1657 Southland Gold Mine Employees 1994 Waiuta Quartz Gold Miners 97 GROCERS' SUNDRIES MANUFACTURING EMPLOYEES 1548 Auckland Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Canning, Condiments, and Related 368 Products Manufacturing Employees 1588 Auckland Drug Factories'Employees 248 1863 Wellington, Taranaki, Marlborough, Nelson and Canterbury Grocers' Sundries 450 Chemical and Related Products Factory Employees 1837 Otago and Southland Manufacturing Chemists, Preserved Foods, Jam, and Starch 406 Factories Employees HARBOUR BOARDS EMPLOYEES 1660 New Zealand Harbour Boards Employees .. .. .. .. .. | 1,780 HERD-TESTERS 1686 Auckland Herd Testers 185 1901 Taranaki Herd Testers 27 1803 Wellington Herd Testers 47 HOTEL AND RESTAURANT EMPLOYEES 688 1 Auckland Hotel, Hospital, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees .. | 4,802 1214 j Taranaki Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees 379 218 | Wellington District Hotel, Hospital, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees 5,218 1271 Marlborough Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees 187 1265 Nelson Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees 230 1228 Westland Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees 467 652 Canterbury Hotel, Hospital, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees 2,135 675 Otago Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees 1,536 1295 Southland Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades Employees 752 ICE-CREAM WORKERS 1995 1 Northern Ice-cream and Related Products | 30 1907 1 Wellington and Taranaki Ice Cream and Related Products 105 JEWELLERS AND WATCHMAKERS 1609 Auckland Jewellers and Watchmakers Employees | 56 1529 Wellington Jewellers' Watchmakers' and Related Trades 94 1563 Dunedin Watchmakers, Jewellers, and Related Trades 18 JOURNALISTS 853 Auckland Journalists 120 1485 Taranaki Journalists .. .. 37 1023 Wellington Journalists 213 1658 Nelson Journalists 10 1663 Grey mouth Journalists 10 857 Christchurch Journalists 1 95 854 Dunedin Journalists 62 1893 Invercargill Journalists 1 o * No return supplied—inquiries being made.

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106

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. LABOURERS (MISCELLANEOUS) 2003 Auckland Ceramic, Concrete, Builders and General Labourers and Related Trades 2,205 825 Auckland and Suburban Local Bodies Labourers and Related Trades 700 777 Poverty Bay General Labourers and Related Trades 359 811 Taranaki Labourers and Related Trades 325 1173 Wanganui Municipal Labourers 106 1938 Wellington, Nelson, Westland, and Marlborough Local Bodies, other Labourers, 3,083 and Related Trades 176 Canterbury Builders and General Labourers, and Related Workers 1,784 903 Dunedin and Suburban Operative Licensed Drainers 24 507 Otago Labourers and Related Trades 677 1492 Southland Labourers' and Related Trades 274 LAUNDRY EMPLOYEES 1520 Northern District Laundries, Dyers and Dry Cleaners Employees 750 1936 Wellington, Taranaki, Marlborough and Nelson Laundry Workers, Dyers and 460 Dry Cleaners 1924 Greymouth Laundry Workers 14 1710 Christchurch Laundry Workers, Dyers and Dry Cleaners 126 1560 Dunedin Laundry Employees 128 LIME AND CEMENT WORKERS (also included in Labourers) 1535 Portland Cement Workers 180 1145 Golden Bay Cement Company's Employees 117 1176 1 Otago and Southland Lime and Cement Employees 175 LOCAL BODIES' OFFICERS 1680 Auckland Provincial District Local Authorities' Officers 1 1,178 || 2025 Wellington, Marlborough, Westland, Nelson and Taranaki Local Bodies' Officers *1726 Taranaki Local Authorities Officers 6i +2000 Wellington, and Marlborough Local Bodies' Officers 842 J1721 Nelson Local Bodies Officers 57 1820 Canterbury Local Bodies' Officers (other than Clerical) 184 1506 Dunedin City Corporation and Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board Engineer 40 Officials 1501 Dunedin Municipal Clerical and other Employees (other than Inspectors) 215 1889 Dunedin City Council and Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board Inspectors (other 40 than Tramway Inspectors) 2015 Invercargill City Council Officers (other than Clerical) 30 MATCH-FACTORY EMPLOYEES 1591 1 Wellington Match Manufacturing Employees | 64 1165 | Dunedin Wax Vesta Employees 1 54 MERCHANT-SERVICE EMPLOYEES 1720 | New Zealand Merchant Service Guild | 492 OPTICAL EMPLOYEES. (See also Jewellers, &c.) 1991 I New Zealand Optical Employees 1 70 * Cancelled 14th June, 1950. f Change of name to Wellington, Marlborough and Westland Local Bodies' Officers, recorded 15th May, 1950. Registration cancelled 14th June, 1950. | Cancelled 14th June, 1950. || Registered 14th June, 1950.

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107

Keg. No. Name. Number of Members* December, 1949. PAINT AND VARNISH MANUFACTURERS' EMPLOYEES 1572 Auckland Paint and Varnish Manufacturers' Employees 62 1911 Wellington and Canterbury Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, Printer's Ink and Related 175 Products Manufacturers Employees 1595 Dunedin Paint and Varnish Manufacturing Employees 23PAINTERS AND DECORATORS 108 Auckland Painters and Decorators 5251965 Grisborne Painters and Decorators 481312 Taranaki Amalgamated Society of Painters, Decorators and Deadlight Workers 126 1433 Hawke's Bay Amalgamated Society of Painters and Decorators 108 258 Wanganui Society of Painters and Decorators 62: 129 Wellington Amalgamated Society of Painters, Decorators Display and Poster 510 Artists 1484 Marlborough Painters and Decorators 32 445 Nelson Painters 35* 1890 Westland Painters and Decorators 26 81 Christchurch Painters 394 481 Timaru Society of Painters and Decorators 65' 1037 Oamaru Painters 15 93 Dunedin Painters 180' 784 Southland Painters 60-PAPER-MILLS EMPLOYEES 1971 Auckland and Otago and Southland Wood Pulp, Paper and Paper Products i 438 PHOTO-ENGRAVERS 1888 | New Zealand Photo Engravers | 193 PILOTS 1993 | North Island Air Line Pilots 1 94 PLASTERERS 1946 1 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Plasterers and Related Trades^ I 507' 216 1 Otago and Southland Operative Plasterers 1 102: PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS 1817 i New Zealand Plumbers, Gasfitters and Related Trades .. .. .. | 1,359' PRINTING-TRADE EMPLOYEES 1862 I New Zealand Printing and Related Trades | 4,504 267 | Otago Box-Workers 1 20 RADIO OFFICERS AND TELEGRAPHISTS .1922 | New Zealand Radio Officers 1 451989 1 Cable and Wireless, Ltd., Auckland, Overseas Communications Employees; 29^ RAILWAY EMPLOYEES 710 Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants 14,081 1217 Engine-drivers, Firemen, and Cleaners' Association 2,310 s 1325 New Zealand Railway Tradesmen's Association 2,730> ROPE AND TWINE WORKERS 1246 Auckland Rope and Twine Workers 80> 1201 Canterbury Rope, Twine and Flax Mill Employees 29 1038 Dunedin Rope and Twine Spinners .. 40>

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108

Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. 1976 :2016 RUBBER WORKERS Northern, Wellington and Canterbury Rubber Workers Wellington District Rubber Workers I 658 165 1616 RURAL WORKERS New Zealand Workers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | 18,086 1937 SACK AND BAG WORKERS Auckland Textile Sack and Bag Workers 1 105 150 .1871 223 182 SADDLERY AND HARNESS WORKERS Auckland Saddlers, Collar Makers, Bag Makers, Sailmakers and Related Trades Wellington, Taranaki and Nelson Saddlers, Bagmakers, Canvas Workers and Related Trades Cbristchurch Saddlery, Bag and Canvas Workers Otago and Southland Saddle Makers, Harness Makers, Collar Makers, Bag Makers, Cover Makers, and Bridle Cutters 454103 118 35 .1297 1305 1298 SEAMEN AND FIREMEN Auckland Federated Seamens Wellington Federated Seamens Dunedin Federated Seamens 896 1,068 513 :1839 494 SHIPWRIGHTS. (See also Carpenters and Joiners) New Zealand (except Northern, Taranaki and Westland) Shipwrights and Boatbuilders and Ship Joiners and Joiners Machinists engaged on Ship Repair Work Auckland Ship, Yacht and Boat-buiklers 154 230 152 314 1434 501 ,1082 .1100 1275 .1122 1502 1624 1178 1499 1639 1164 274 236" 1933 221 1098 1167 1160 1359 217 578 .225 SHOP-ASSISTANTS Auckland Butchers .. .. .. . . .. .. Auckland Grocers' Assistants Auckland Grocers' Shop Managers Auckland Hairdressers' Assistants Auckland Retail Chemists' Assistants and Related Trades Auckland Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants and Related Trades (other than Butchers', Grocers', Hairdressers' and Chemists' Assistants) Gisborne Grocers and other Shop Assistants Taranaki Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants and Related Trades Wellington Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants' and Related Trades Blenheim Amalgamated Shop Assistants and Related Trades Nelson Grocers' Assistants Nelson Shop Assistants Nelson Operative Butchers Westland Retail Shop Assistants Canterbury Grocers' Assistants ... .. .. .. .. Christchurch Hairdressers and Tobacconists' Assistants Canterbury Amalgamated Shop Assistants and Related Trades (other than Grocers, Tobacconists' and Hairdressers' Assistants) Dunedin and Suburban Operative Butchers Dunedin Retail Chemists Assistants Invercargill Retail Grocers' Assistants Oamaru Grocers' Assistants Otago and Southland Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants (other than Grocers', Butchers', Chemists', Tobacconists' and Hairdressers' Assistants) Otago Grocers' Assistants Otago and Southland Hairdressers' and Tobacconists' Assistants Southland Operative Butchers ... 714 1,145 260 200 229 3,986 360 830 5,605 204 110 76 475 618 1&6 3,085 201 58 200 30 1,685 198 94 86

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109

Keg. No. Name, Number of Members, December, 1949. SPORTS-GOODS EMPLOYEES 1670 Auckland Sports Goods Employees 1 39' 1992 Wellington Sports Goods Workers 25 STONEMASONS 1788 New Zealand Stonemasons .. .. .. .. .. .. | | 192 STOREMEN AND PACKERS 1101 Auckland United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Ware2,000 house Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1200 New Plymouth United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and 48 Warehouse Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1797 Wellington and Taranaki Cool Stores and Cold Stores Employees 90 1323 Hawke's Bay United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Ware220' house Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 773 Wellington United Warehouse and Bulk Store Employees (other than Drivers and 1,202 Clerks) 1163 Marlborough United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Waresa house Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1613 Nelson Storemen and Packers 40 1095 Christchurch Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Warehouse 940 Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1403 Invercargill Wholesale Storemen and Packers and Warehouse Employees (other 205 than Drivers and Clerks) 1179 Otago and Southland Wholesale Storemen and Packers 874 1822 Otago and Southland Cool Store Employees 14 SUGAR-WORKS EMPLOYEES 1168 Auckland Sugar Works Employees 256 1799 Auckland Sugar Manufacturing Industry Technical and Engineering Staff and 31 Office Employees TALLY CLERKS. (See also Waterside Employees) 830 Northern Industrial District Tally-clerks .. .. .. .. i 176 1818 Napier Ships Tally Clerks 10 1134 Wellington City Ships' Tally Clerks 130 1152 Lyttelton Ships Tally Clerks 40 1510 Dunedin and Port Chalmers Ships Tally Clerks 40 TANNERS, AND FELLMONGERS. (See also Freezing Workers) 508 1 Auckland Curriers, Beamsmens, Fellmongers, Tanners, Soap Workers and General 36a Tannery Employees 1908 1 Wellington and Taranaki Soap, Candle, Tannery and Related Trades Employees 125 THEATRES AND PLACES OF AMUSEMENT EMPLOYEES 1981 Actors Equity of New Zealand 45 1794 New Zealand Musicians' 1,972 1805 New Zealand (except Northern, Nelson and Westland) Theatrical and Places of 1,070 Amusement and Related Employees 1129 Auckland Theatrical and Places of Amusement Employees 817 923 Auckland Motion Picture Projectionists 104 715 Auckland Stage Employees 56 1729 Auckland Picture Theatre Managers 49 1449 Taranaki Motion Picture Projectionists 12 1377 Wellington District Motion Picture Operators 130 1750 Nelson and Westland Picture Theatre Employees 46

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Approximate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given ; printing (1,754 copies), £4OO.

By Authority: B. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington. —l9so. Price 2s.

110

Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1949. THEATRES AND PLACES OF AMUSEMENT EMPLOYEES —continued 1931 5 1450 711 942 Canterbury, Westland and Nelson Motion Picture Operators .. .. .. 1 Christchureh Stage Employees .. .. .. .. - - Dunedin Motion Picture Projectionists .. . - . - - • Dunedin Stage Employees .. .. .. . - - - Dunedin Theatrical and Shows' Employees (other than Stage Hands) .. -. 1 TILERS AND SLATERS 70 55 35 31 115 1542 Auckland Roof Tilers' and Slaters .. .. .. ■ • • • 1 TIMBER-YARDS AND SAWMILL EMPLOYEES 120 1771 444 1942 1943 1944 New Zealand Timber Workers .... Auckland Coopers .. .. .. .. .. Nelson Timber Industry Employees Marlborough Timber Industry Employees Westland Timber Industry Employees TOBACCO-MANUFACTURERS' EMPLOYEES 6,392 43 271 35 970 1929 New Zealand Tobacco Products Employees .. .. .. .. 1 TRAMWAY EMPLOYEES 991 *1865 1652 1638 1500 1094 New Zealand Tramways Authorities Employees Auckland Transport Board Inspectorial Staff Auckland Transport Board's Maintenance Officers Wellington Tramway Inspectors, Despatchers and Depot Officers Dunedin Corporation Transport Officials .. .. .. ■. WATERSIDE EMPLOYEES, STEVEDORES, AND TIMEKEEPERS 3,027 36 43 28 29 1718 1532 1730 1519 1524 1692 New Zealand Waterside Workers Auckland Assistant Stevedores, Foremen' and Timekeepers (in connection with Waterside Work) Auckland Receiving and Forwarding Wharf Foremens and Assistant Foremens .. Wellington Foreman Stevedores, Timekeepers and Permanent Hands Lyttelton Foreman Stevedores and Permanent Hands Otago and Southland Shipping Foremens and Assistant Foremens WOOLLEN-MILLS EMPLOYEES 6,832 80 50 80 35 28 1155 769 1979 776 Auckland District Woollen Mills, Knitting Mills and Hosiery Factories Employees Wellington District Woollen Mills Knitting Mills and Hosiery Factories Employees Canterbury and Westland Woollen, Knitting, Hosiery, and Carpet Trades Otago and Southland Woollen Mills and Hosiery Factories Employees 508 902 1,042 1,148 Totals : Number of unions registex*ed as at 31st December, 1949, 372 i 275,977 * Change of name to New Zealand Tramways and Public Passenger Transport Authorities Employees ; recorded 5th May, 1950.