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1949 NEW ZEALAND
DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (REPORT OF THE) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1949
Presented to Both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency
Department of Labour and Employment, Wellington, 31st May, 1949. The Hon. the Minister of Labour and Employment. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report on the activities of the Department of Labour and Employment during the twelve, months ended 31st March, 1949. I have, &c., H. L. Bockett, Secretary of Labour and Director of Employment.
CONTENTS Part I—The Industrial Position Over the Twelve Months— page Section I—Employment Levels and Trends .. .. .. .. ■ .. .. 3 Section 2—Current Characteristics of Industrial Welfare and Industrial Relations .. .. 7 Part ll—Departmental Activities— Section I—Employment—(a) Placements .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ 9 (b) Hostels and Camps.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..10 (c) Training of Shearers .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 (d) Employment Promotion .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 (e) Maori Employment .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 (/) Employment Advisory Committees .. .. .. .. .. 14 Section 2—lmmigration—(a) Administration .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 (b) Analysis of Immigrants .. .. .. .. .. .. 17
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CONTENTS—continued Section 3 —lndustrial Welfare— page (a) Factories Act, 1946 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 (b) Hygiene, Health, and Welfare in Factories .. .. .. .." 22 (c) Lead Process Regulations 1925 and Accumulator (Lead Process) Regulations 1940 .. 25 (d) Spray Painting Regulations 1940 .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 (e) Accidents in Factories .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 (/) Overtime Work in Factories .. .. .. .. .. 28 (g) Outworkers' Licences .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 (h) Juveniles in Factories .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31 (i) .Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 (j) Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 .. .. .. .. .. .-.34 (k) Accommodation on Farms, &c. .. .. .. . .. 34 (I) Bush Workers Act, 1945 .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 (to) Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 .. .. .. .. 35 (n) Annual Holidays Act, 1944 .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 (o) Public Holidays Amendment Act, 1948 .. .. .. .. .. 38 (p) Servants' Registry Offices Act, 1908 .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 (q) Sharemilking Agreements Act .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 Section 4—lndustrial Relations—(a) The Court of Arbitration .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 (b) Conciliation Commissioners .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 (c) Registration of Industrial Associations and Unions .. .. ... ..39 (d) Labour Disputes Investigation Act, 1913 .. .. .. .. .. 40 (e) Industrial Disputes.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 (/) Minimum Wage Act, 1945 .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 (g) Minimum Wage-rates Fixed by Awards and Industrial Agreements .. 40 (h) Amendments to Legislation .. .. .. .. .. .. 41 Section s—Apprenticeship—(a) Administrative Developments .. .. .. .. .. 42 (b) New Zealand Apprenticeship Committees .. .. .. .. .. 43 (c) The Education of Apprentices .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 (d) Local Apprenticeship Committees .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 (e) Statistics of Apprentices .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 (/) Lodging-allowances for Apprentices .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 (g) Adult-Apprenticeships .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 Section 6—Home Aid Service—(a) Administrative Developments .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 (b) Activities for the Twelve Months .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 Section 7—Personnel Advisory Service .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 Section B—Training8—Training Within Industry for Supervisors (T.W.1.) .. .. .. .. 46 Section 9—lnternational Labour Organization .. .. .. .. .. 47 Section 10 —Other Statutes — (a) Tenancy Legislation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 (b) Weights and Measures Act, 1925 .. .. .. .. .. 50 (c) Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 .. .. .. .. .. 51 Section 11—Administration and Staff—(a) General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 51 (b) Inspection Staff .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. 52 (c) Factory Inspectors' Examination Regulations 1949 .. .. .. .. 52 (d) Staff Training .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 (e) Liaison With Health Department .. .. .. .. .. 52 (/) Other Staff Matters .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 Section 12 —Finance and Expenditure—(a) Vote, " Labour and Employment " .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 (b) War Expenses Account .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 Part III —District Activities .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 Appendices— Appendix I —Statistical Tables .. .. .. .. .. .. 68 Appendix II —Returns of Industrial Associations and Industrial Unions .. .. 99
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REPORT PART I—THE INDUSTRIAL POSITION OVER THE TWELVE MONTHS Section I—Employment Levels and Trends (1) The year ended on 31st March, 1949, has again been a period marked by great buoyancy in employment in New Zealand. In some larger industrial countries, however, the same period has been marked by rising levels of unemployment and by other features indicative of at least some loss of buoyancy in the economic situation as a whole. This has been a subject of comment by various overseas authorities, and, while official sources in the countries concerned have not indicated any great anxiety over the position, the United Nations Sub-Commission on Employment and Economic Stability has drawn attention to it and stressed the need for preparedness. (2) During the twelve months New Zealand's labour force (inclusive of workingproprietors) has shown a further expansion from 707,600 in October, 1947, to 717,500 in October, 1948. Increases in the labour force derive from natural increase—i.e., excess of inflow at age fifteen over outflow through retirements or deaths —from immigration, and from increased numbers changing from leisure status to working status. There is evidence that a proportion of the increase recorded has come from the last-mentioned source. (The continuing infiltration of manufacturing industries into smaller centres would contribute to this effect.) Between October, 1947, and October, 1948, the estimated size and distribution of the labour force has changed as follows : —• October, October, 1947. 1948. (000's.) (000's.) (a) Primary industry .. .. , 173-0 172-7 (b) Secondary industry .. .. .. 218-0 221-6 (c) Transport and communication .. .. 67-7 70-7 (d) Distribution and finance .. .. 110-2 112*0 (e) Public administration and professional .. 88-2 89-9 (/) Domestic and personal services .. .. 41-4 42-5 Total, in industry .. .. 698 • 5 709 • 4 (e) Armed Forces .. .. .. .. 9-0 8-0 (/) Unemployment .. .. .. 0-1 0-1 Total, labour force .. .. 707-6 717-5 (Revised figures, including 1945 census data for Maoris.) (3) It will be seen that, over the twelve months, secondary industries (which include building and construction) made an advance of 3-6 thousands, whereas the four subdivisions of tertiary industries taken together made an advance of 7• 6 thousands. On the other hand, primary industries lost slightly, the loss being attributable to the farming industry. In farming, however, the peaks of seasonal fluctuations do not always coincide from year to year, and little significance can be attached to a small change in total taken by itself. Nevertheless, the long-range trend in farming throughout the world has been for increasing levels of farm production to be achieved side by side with steadily decreasing employment of manual labour. This is the effect of increasing mechanization, and New Zealand is no exception to the general pattern. (4) Concurrently with these expansions in the labour force there has been some easing in the demand for labour, although the shortage remains acute, particularly in the industrial centres. Vacancies recorded by employers in their half-yearly returns, which stood at 29,087 in October, 1947, had reduced to 26,638 in October, 1948. The same downward trend has been seen in vacancies notified month by month, which declined from 25,900 at the end of March, 1948, to 21,168 at the end of March, 1949.
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The distribution of vacancies geographically was as follows :
Vacancies Recorded in Half-yearly Returns, October, 1948
|v The following table shows the incidence of the above vacancies to total surveyed labour force :
Vacancies Recorded in Half-yearly Returns, October, 1948, as Percentages of Labour Force Covered by Returns
Vacancies notified by employers to the National Employment Service for filling (as distinct from vacancies shown by all employers in their half-yearly returns) are set out in Table lof the Appendix to this report. These figures reflect approximately the same relative distribution over industry as those recorded in half-yearly returns. From them it will be seen that a majority of the vacancies occur in secondary industries. (5) Unemployment during the twelve months has continued at an insignificant figure. Disengaged persons enrolling for employment with the National Employment Service totalled 27,171 for the year (19,823 males and 7,348 females). Nevertheless, the highest number remaining unplaced at the end of any month was 141 in June. This mid-winter figure comprised 133 males and 8 females. (6) In the expansion of secondary industries the greatest gain was made in the building and construction industry, where the surveyed labour force moved from 37,333 in October, 1947, to 39,321 in October, 1948, half of this increase occurring in the houseconstruction sector. In manufacturing industries —i.e., secondary industries excluding building and construction —the aggregate labour force moved from 146,115 in October, 1947, to 148,408 in October, 1948. The following table shows the movement in the main groups :
Surveyed Labour Force in Main Manufacturing Groups
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— Male Vacancies. Female Vacancies. . Auckland .. .. .. .. , . Wellington-Lower Hutt .. Christchurch Dunedin .. .. .. Twenty-two other districts .. . . Total .. 3,483 (3,557) 3,999 (4,947) 1,150 (1,329) 1,079 (1,061) 5,008 (4,985) 3,349 (3,547) 3,030 (3,473) 1,378 (1,767) 1,504 (1,868) 2,658 (2,553) 14,719 (15,879) 11,919 (13,208) (October, 1947, figures shown in parentheses.)
Males. Females. Auckland 4-8 110 Wellington-Lower Hutt' .. 7*7 13-7 Christchurch 31 8-9 Dunedin 4-4 15-5 Other districts 3-9 6-0 New Zealand 4-6 9-8
— October, 1947. October, 1948. Gain. Food, drink, and tobacco (excluding seasonal) 14,960 15,219 259 Textiles, leather, and clothing 35,428 35,799 371 Building materials and furnishings .. 18,664 19,424 760 Engineering and metal working 47,794 48,365 971 Other manufacturing 21,164 20,863 301 (loss) Power and water-supply 8,505 8,738 233
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Amongst individual industries vehicle and cycle repair showed the only appreciable gain in labour force over the twelve months, moving from 12,842 to 13,566, a gain of 724. The next largest gains were in woollen and knitting mills (296); brick, tile, and stoneware (262); builders' woodwork (183); town sawmilling (170); pottery and glass {147); paper and pulp manufacture (132); and clothing and tobacco manufacture {both with gains of 105). These gains are small. On the other hand, nine industries showed reductions over the twelve months as follows :
Surveyed Labour Force in Manufacturing Industries Showing Reductions
(7) The tertiary industries made the most substantial gains in labour force during the twelve months, the more important gains being as follows :
Surveyed Labour Force in Selected Tertiary Industries
* Excludes non-tertiary activities such as coal-mining, forestry, sawmilling, building, and construction and engineering workshops, and also hospitals, education, road and rail transport, post and telegraph, insurance, and banking. (8) In primary industries gains were recorded in bush sawmills (6,179 in October, 1947, and 6,811 in October, 1948) and in forestry (2,029 to 2,301 over the same period). •Coal-mining moved forward from 5,527 to 5,761. (9) Apart from the large share taken by wholesale and retail trade and the relatively small gains of manufacturing industries, the pattern of labour force expansion has followed closely the lines of greatest national need. Forestry, bush sawmilling, and building and construction have all continued to move forward steadily. The serious post-war staffing deficiencies in essential transport and communications are being overtaken. Hospital staffing has made relatively slower progress, but the gains have nevertheless been appreciable. Education services, which also suffered from serious post-war staffing deficiencies, show an appreciable improvement.
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— October, 1947. October, 1948. Reduction. Bread-baking .. .. .. .. 3,432 3,355 77 Beverages 3,032 2,983 49 Tanneries and woolscouring 1,658 1,531 127 Leather goods 1,234 1,017 217 Electrical manufacture .. .. 4,990 4,821 169 Vehicle and aircraft manufacture 3,492 3,376 116 Chemicals and by-products 5,689 5,588 101 Rubber 1,923 1,677 246 Miscellaneous manufacture 2,022 1,920 102 i
1 October, 1947. October, 1948. Gain. Rail transport 21,260 21,734 474 Post and telegraph 14,835 16,052 1,217 Wholesale and retail trade 72,818 75,142 2,324 Hospitals 18,238 18,790 552 Education 17,615 18,347 732 Government Administration* 17,789 18,413 624 Hotels and catering 16,666 17,329 663 Insurance, banking, and financial 11,435 11,749 314
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(10) Of the total increase of 10-9 thousands in the labour force in industry —i.e., excluding Armed Forces and unemployment—9*o thousands were males. The female labour force thus remained almost static throughout the period. Manufacturing industries as a whole suffered a reduction of 116 in female labour force. The following table shows how the different manufacturing groups were affected
Female Surveyed Labour Force in Main Manufacturing Groups
In the non-manufacturing field, gains of over a hundred females were recorded in the following industries :
(11) Average rates of labour turnover—i.e., terminations of employment, as a percentage of number of persons employed—have remained high at 18 per cent, tier six months for males and 27 per cent, per six months for females for the six months ending on 15th October, 1948. While turnover of labour is undoubtedly influenced by the prevailing keen competition for labour, much of it is attributable to causes within the places of work. In the same industrial centre, for instance, three factories of comparable sizes and turning out the same type of product showed labour turnover rates of 19 per cent., 23 per cent., and 52 per cent, respectively. Since they all suffer to much the same degree from the effects of labour shortages in the locality it is evident that other factors must be sought to explain the difference between the factories with the lower rates and the factory with 52 per cent. The Department invites employers to call at its district offices and check their rates of labour turnover against average rates in the same industry and locality. By this means an employer may obtain an indication of the extent to which causes within his workplace may be contributing to labour turnover. Employers have, however, been slow to avail themselves of this opportunity despite the high costs and economic waste which many' of them are suffering through excessive turnover rates. Amongst the relatively few cases where information and assistance have been sought some remarkable results have, however, been achieved. (In one modern, well-equipped factory, for example, a considerable number of in-plant causes were discovered once the problem was brought under attack. As a result of attention to these the rate of labour turnover was cut in half.) The information now available on labour turnover emphasizes the fact that there is great scope for reducing this problem by appropriate action within the workplace itself.
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October, 1947. October, 1948. Gain. Food, drink, and tobacco 5,066 5,128 62 Textiles, leather, and clothing 21,665 21,950 285 Building materials and furnishings 1,060 1,039 21 (loss) Engineering and metal working 3,907 3,799 108 (loss) Other manufacturing 6,170 5,827 343 (loss) Power and water supply 559 568 9
( Industry. Gain in Females. Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and catering .. Post and telegraph Hospitals Government Administration* .. * Laundries Education Banking and finance 507 406 367 348 206 181 145 136 * See footnote to paragraph (7) above.
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(12) The weekly pay-out in wages and salaries was £2,971,469 to 427,348 persons in surveyed industries in October, 1947. By October, 1948, this had risen to £3,239,908, paid out to 438,480 persons. These figures represent an average weekly pay-out (which includes overtime and covers males, females, and juveniles) of £6 19s. in October, 1947, and of £7 7s. 9d. in October, 1948. (13) Manufacturing industry has continued to spread into secondary centres and smaller towns. The Department maintains an up-to-date record of each town and city with a population of 1,000 or more, the record including industries already operating, numbers employed, labour available, seasonal surges in labour force, school rolls and school-leavers, local transport facilities, and other information. There has continued to be a fairly steady stream of inquiries for this information from manufacturers, including overseas firms interested in the possibilities of establishing in New Zealand. (14) Taken as a whole, the employment characteristics of the twelve months under review give a picture of continuing buoyancy accompanied by a gradual easing in the acuteness of the labour shortage in most districts. There have been appreciable improvements in the staffing of key industries, while the seasonal industries in the 1948-49 season have, in the main, been fully manned. The latter industries have found labour more readily available than in past seasons. The acute shortage of labour in the main industrial centres, particularly of female labour, is likely to continue, although there are signs of easement in most districts apart from Wellington and Lower Hutt. In some localities, however, the position is much easier, and there is scope for new industries in such localities. Attention is particularly drawn to centres of Maori population, where the availability of labour is expanding more rapidly and where there is a steadily increasing outflow of Maori school leavers of good ability. (15) It can again be emphasized, however, that increasing efficiencies in industry are equally important with increasing labour force as factors in achieving higher levels of production. The loss accruing from excessive labour turnover has already been mentioned. It is considerable, and much of it clearly springs from in-plant causes. The loss accruing from industrial accidents and sickness is of major proportions. Industrial discontents are likewise a major cause of loss of production. At least a proportion of these spring from the same causes as labour turnover —deficiencies in working conditions and shortcomings in the handling of personnel problems. The reduction of labour turnover, the development of a greater and more concerted safety-consciousness, and the improvement of industrial relations add up to industrial morale. Morale, in its turn, is a factor of personal relationships, interests, and loyalties and can only be developed satisfactorily on the basis of some adequate sort of " get-together " concerning common interests and objectives. The labour force will not achieve its best without a high industrial morale. Section 2—Current Characteristics of Industrial Welfare and Industrial Relations (1) The number of factories in New Zealand and the number of persons employed in factories both continue to increase. Factories increased by 598 to reach a total of 19,700 at 31st March, 1949. Employment in factories then covered 128,348 males and 36,336 females. Almost two-thirds of factories and factory workers are in the North Island. (2) This growth in factories and factory employment is steadily increasing the responsibilities of the Department in its administration of the Factories Act. In particular, much of the work lies in the smaller factories and, while factories employing up to twenty workers employ in the aggregate less than half of the persons employed in factories, they nevertheless form a majority of factories in number. This necessarily increases the incidence of inspection work.
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(3) In the field of industrial welfare the year's activities reflect a steady forward movement in physical conditions. This is partly a result of increased inspection activity made possible as a result of staff additions and training. Factory inspections totalled 13,037, as compared with 7,955 in the previous year. The forward movement in physical conditions is also, however, attributable in part to the voluntary adoption of higher standards by a proportion of factory managements and a gradually widening appreciation of the effect of good conditions on working morale and output. This improvement can be expected to accelerate as shortages of building materials are overcome. Nevertheless, there remain too many factories which are unsuitably housed and where the scope for improvement is greatly restricted for this reason. (4) While the need for new or altered premises is an urgent one in many cases, a considerable proportion of factories could, however, greatly improve existing conditions by more attention to lighting, heating, interior painting, general cleanliness, and good housekeeping.. This criticism applies particularly to many of the smaller factories, but also to a proportion of larger ones. In such physical conditions, however, a number of progressive firms are setting a good lead, both by introducing overseas advances and by experimenting for themselves. It is becoming more customary for managements and also for architects and ventilating engineers to consult with the Department on plana and changes in plans for factories. (5) In the non-physical conditions of work there has been less evidence in New Zealand of an application of the important advances being made overseas. This reflects itself particularly in the field of accident prevention, where there is far too little realization of the achievements possible through training in safety, the use of safety committees,, promotion of safety-consciousness amongst workers, and similar measures. Loss of time through accidents is many times greater than through industrial disputes (950,908 days in 1946, as compared with 30,393 days lost by industrial disputes). Figures detailed elsewhere in this report (Tables XY and XVI of. Appendix) give no grounds for complacency in this matter. (6) Similarly in other reflexes of the non-physical conditions of work, particularly labour turnover, there is evidence of inadequate attention to important but less tangible factors which contribute to high morale such as efficient training of workers,, well-trained supervisory staffs, attention to personnel problems, and appropriate formsof "get-together" between workers and managements. In these matters New Zealand continues to lag considerably behind up-to-date overseas practice. In its Training Within Industry activities and its Personnel Advisory Service (discussed elsewhere in this report), as well as through its Inspectors, the Department is nevertheless gradually winning a widening interest in this field. (7) Although industrial stoppages attract considerable publicity wherever theyooccurr r the year under review has not been a bad one in this respect, either as compared with other years or as compared with overseas. Disputes have been localized and mostly of very short duration. They have been dealt with firmly, but with regard to the achievement of better understanding and improved relations, after the. dispute. Over the great bulk of the industrial field the relations between workers' and employers' organizations have been good. Conciliation Commissioners have brought the parties to complete agreement in 131 cases, as compared with 89 in the previous year. No agreement was reached in only two cases. Meetings of disputes committees set up under the provisions of awards numbered only 24, as compared with 45 in the previous year. (8) Before the close of the period under review the Court of Arbitration was asked to make a pronouncement specifying standard rates of wages. The Court's decision,, issued on 12th April, is referred to in Section 4 of this report. (9) In general, the activities of the Industrial Welfare and Industrial Relations, Divisions of the Department over the past year reflect a scene in which social and economic changes are still taking place. Industry is still expanding, labour shortage
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-continues though easing gradually, higher standards of welfare for the worker are being' set though shortages are in some cases thwarting their immediate full achievement. There is a general realization that standards of living can be raised only by increasing the productivity of the economy as a whole. In achieving this goal the maintenance of orderly and just measures in the resolution of industrial conflicts together with the provision of and safe conditions of work and the building of high morale .are of importance. PART lI—DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITIES Section I—Employment1—Employment f(a) Placements (1) The necessity for a placement service has been dictated by different circumstances 'during the last couple of decades. During the early 1930's there was a large body of unemployed in New Zealand, and the placement service fulfilled the primary function of finding employment for many of these displaced workers. During the post-war period i;he changed economy of the country has been characterized by an acute shortage of labour. This has required every effort being directed to reducing to a minimum the -time-lag caused by workers moving from one job to another and to effecting the best utilization of available labour. The Department's placement service has been particularly successful in locating suitable employment for workers promptly after enrolment, and its facilities are available to all job-seekers—i.e., to those already unemployed and to those already engaged who seek more suitable employment. (2) During the year ended 31st March,, 1949, no less than 20,995 job-seekers of both types were found employment by the Department. These placements comprised 14,686 men and 6,309 women. In very few cases was the delay between enrolment and actual placement in employment longer than a day or so. The speed with which placement of workers is carried out can be gauged from the fact that, while there were 20,995 placements effected during the year, there remained only 38 persons currently enrolled for ■employment at 31st March, 1949. To industry this efficiency means a minimum loss in production, and to the worker it means a minimum loss in earnings. (3) Lord Beveridge, in his Full Employment in a Free Society, page 128, has suggested that, even under full employment, minimum seasonal and frictional unemployment can be expected to affect as much as 3 per cent, of the labour force at any given point of -time. This would mean a permanent loss of 3 per cent, of the country's labour force •or, in other words, an equivalent decrease in the production of industry and in the aggregate of workers' incomes. Such a proportion of the labour force would, in New Zealand, amount to over 20,000 workers. Of the total of workers affected by seasonal ;and frictional changes in employment (whether or not Lord Beveridge's estimate is .accepted) only 38 were registered as unemployed on 31st March, a figure which reflects the success of the Department in its placement activities. (4) The 14,686' placements of men during the year included those of 313 who were semi-employable or who were over sixty years of age. The finding of employment for these semi-employables and persons over sixty presents one of the most difficult problems •of the placement service. The placement of 313 of these workers during the year by the Department has been a most worth-while aspect of its activities. Not only have they been removed as a charge on the Social Security Fund, bat, in spite of their handicaps, each individual worker included has been given new confidence in his capability for performing useful work for industry and for the community. (5) During the last year, as in the past years, the Department has also made every effort to cope with the seasonal demands of fruit, hop, and tobacco growers, as well as meat freezing, dairy factories, and other seasonal industries. Table IV of the Appendix shows the industries in which placements were made during the year, and shows the .measure of success attained in satisfying the labour needs of these seasonal industries.
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Considerable success was also attained in meeting the heavy labour demands of the building industry, which received a proportion of total placements during the year greater than that of any other industry —viz., 13-3 per cent, of all placements made. (b) Hostels and Camps (1) Under the Employment Act, 1945, this Department is empowered to establish, maintain, and operate hostels and other residential or boarding establishments for workers. One of the Department's main functions is to provide an adequate supply of labour for industry and to promote the best use of available labour. (2) During the last few years the shortage of labour, acute throughout the country, has been accentuated in the main industrial areas. Lack of accommodation remains ,a most important factor in the inability to maintain full quotas of labour in these areas. In spite of the handicap of restricted building materials and the paramount importance of housing construction, combined with the non-availability of suitable vacant properties for purchase, progress has been maintained in providing additional accommodation for all five types of workers concerned, viz.— (i) Workers in selected industries. (ii) Immigrant workers. (iii) Miners. (iv) Junior staff of the Public Service, male and female. (v) Home aids. (3) Though considerable success has been attained in securing private accommodation for migrants on arrival it is nevertheless imperative, at least in the four main centres, that hostel accommodation be also available there to cope with the large drafts now arriving regularly. Additional provision urgently required for males in Wellington, Auckland, and Dunedin, and for both males and females in Lower Hutt to cope with the drafts expected late in 1949, is now being planned. (4) The male workers' camps set up during the war years still provide much-needed accommodation for 1,250 workers employed in selected industries in the three main industrial areas of Auckland, Wellington, and Hutt Valley, and continue to enable the Department to maintain a reasonably adequate supply of labour for the more important industries in those centres. Considerable improvement in the amenities in these camps are urgently desirable and will be carried out when conditions in the building industry permit. (5) Two hostels for miners which were in process of establishment a year ago have since been opened —i.e., at Huntly and Grranity. Two further ones at Ohura and Ohai are. nearing completion and will be opened early in the next financial year, while three more —i.e., at Granity, Blackball, and Denniston —are at present being planned. Accommodation is provided for both immigrant and local labour and has been effective in maintaining a high level of production in this important industry. (6) Hostel accommodation for junior cadets and shorthand-typists in the Public Service continues essential to maintain recruitment and plays an important part in the training schemes instituted for junior officers. The need for considerable expansion of this class of accommodation is pressing, and plans for extensions to existing hostels in Wellington and Christchurch and for an additional one in the Hutt Valley are completed. Two other hostels purchased in Wellington will be opened shortly. (7) Hostels are also maintained in Auckland and Wellington to accommodate 24 locally-recruited and immigrant home aids. (8) Thanks are due to the Y.W.C.A. for the co-operation and assistance given the Department in continuing to operate successfully, on the Department's behalf, women's wartime hostels for industrial workers in Wellington and the Hutt Valley respectively. As with the male workers' camps, much-needed accommodation is provided in these hostels for 370 women employed in selected industries of prime importance.
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(9) The resident capacity of the various hostels and camps operating at 31st March, 1949, is set out below (hostels established since 31st March, 1948, are asterisked): —
(c) Training of Shearers (1) To assist in overcoming the shortage of shearers which became apparent in the post-war years the Department, in conjunction with the New Zealand Wool Board, introduced at the commencement of the 1947-48 season a subsidized scheme to encourage young men to learn the craft of shearing. Finance to meet the cost of subsidies was provided entirely by the New Zealand Wool Board, but the administration of the scheme and the placement of learners was undertaken by the Department through its district officers. (2) Under the scheme young men. accepted for training were taken into the shearingshed during actual shearing operations and taught shearing by one of the experienced shearers employed. The learner received a flat weekly wage of £5 13s. during the three weeks of the training period. Farmers and shearing contractors engaging approved learners were subsidized to the extent of £3 per man-week, of which the sum of £1 per week was diverted to the experienced shearer instructing the learner. (3) The scheme met with reasonable success in districts where the shortage of shearers was most acute —viz., Christchurch, Ashburton, Timaru, Oamaru, and Dunedin. Some 75 learners were trained, while an additional 20 passed through classes conducted by technical colleges also subsidized by the New Zealand Wool Board. District reports indicated that, with few exceptions, the learners developed into competent shearers. It is believed that the great majority of these 95 men resumed shearing in the 1948-49 season.
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Camps and Hostels. District. Capacity. Industrial workers' camps (males) — M. . F. Waikaraka Park Auckland .. 340 Mangere (Maoris) „ 110 Hataitai ..... Wellington 200 Winter Show 200 Petone Hutt Yalley 400 Industrial workers' hostels (female) — Hanson's Lane Christchurch .. 33 w"b n urn}°P erated Y - W - C - A - / Wellington .. \Hutt Valley 90 280 Immigration hostels— St. Kilda Dunedin 150 Wigram (combined) Christchurch 120 160 Fort Dorset Wellington 104 192 North Head Auckland 140 Narrow Neck „ 138 Public Service hostels— Oriental Bay Wellington 98 Hobson Street „ 55 117 Tinakori Road 99 21 Mechanics Bay (operated by Post and Telegraph Auckland 24 Department. Public Service allocation, 24 beds) Home aid hostels — 146 Dominion Road .. .. Auckland 10 175 Vivian Street Wellington 12 Miners' hostels— Reefton West Coast 50 *Huntly Waikato 100 • *Granity Buller 6
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(4) As a need to train shearers was still reported at the commencement of the 1948-49 season it was decided to continue the scheme subject to some amendments to the rates of remuneration and subsidy. The rate of wages to learners was brought into line with the latest Shearers award—i.e., 3s. B§d. per hour —and the subsidy rate to farmers > and contractors was correspondingly increased to £3 12s. per 'man-week. (5) The results achieved during the 1948-49 season compared unfavourably, however,, with the previous year. A total of only 20 men were trained in farmers' sheds, while 21 subsidized learners attended technical-college classes. The poorer response to the scheme was attributed mainly to the lack of interest by farmers and contractors. Many more young men volunteered for tuition than could be placed. At the same time, reports from districts indicated that little or no shortage of shearers was experienced during the season. (6) The increase in the number of shearers available was due to several factors,, the principal ones including the greater financial incentive to ex-shearers to return to the industry, the influx of a small number of Australian shearers, and the beneficial effect of the subsidized training scheme from the previous year. The primary objective of the scheme appears to have been achieved in that the shortage of shearers for the time being has been alleviated. The future of the scheme will be decided by the Department, the New Zealand Wool Board, and other parties concerned before the commencement of the next season. (d) Employment Promotion (1) The necessity for winter employment promotion schemes during the year hasbeen slight. ' Special schemes were limited to the districts of Wanganui and Timaru. (2) As usual, forecasts of probable winter employment problems were made by District Officers of this Department. In conjunction with the Ministry of Works, preparations were made to absorb any surplus labour which might become available at the end of the summer season in the few districts where forecasts indicated a need. In only two'districts was it necessary to provide specially for winter employment on public works for surplus labour. In two districts a threatened surplus did not eventuate. (3) In New Plymouth the provision of public-works employment was avoided by the absorption of all surplus labour by the Post and Telegraph Department on its new cable-laying project. In Gisborne plans had been made to provide employment for 200 men who were expected to be without work during the winter of last year. Repair work on the damage done by the severe floods in the district, however, absorbed most of these men, and surplus labour did not become available for the planned public-works schemes. (4) The Wanganui district was faced with the problem of finding winter employment for some 80 men, and a public-works scheme was opened up to absorb this labour. (5) In Timaru, as in recent years, the Department faced an employment problem last winter, and special schemes providing employment for the surplus labour were undertaken by local bodies in the district with the aid of subsidies provided by the Department. (6) The only other employment promotion scheme operating during the past year was Scheme 13. This scheme has been in operation for many years and is used mainly to retain a relatively small number in all-the-year-round employment. These men are for various reasons fit for light work only and are located in districts where the range of employment opportunities for this is limited, and whence, due to domestic circumstances of the individuals concerned, it would be impracticable to transfer them to employment in other districts. (7) The men on this scheme are allocated to various local bodies for miscellaneous types of work, their wages being subsidized to bring their earnings up to the award rate for the type of work performed. The men continue to be regarded as registered for-
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employment, and every effort is made by the Department to place them in suitable permanent employment. At the end of March, 1949, there were 203 men on the scheme.' Thirty-three of these were single and 170 married, as compared with 41 single and 187 married men employed under this scheme at the end of March, 1948. (8) Encouragement continues to be given to private employers to employ, on suitable work, persons otherwise only semi-employable. These men, because of physical or other handicaps, are generally unacceptable to employers, and the Department's subsidy during the initial period of training at least until they are capable of reasonable production invariably ensures for these less-fortunate people industrial rehabilitation and their consequent removal as charges on State funds. (e) Maori Employment (1) Maoris enrolling with the Department for -employment during the year have been satisfactorily placed in employment. (2) In cases where, owing to residence in extremely isolated localities with few employment opportunities, enrolees have not been able to obtain employment locally work has been arranged for them in other places. This has applied more particularly to male Maoris living in parts of the Whangarei, Gisborne, and Rotorua employment districts. (3) The success achieved by the Department in arranging employment for Maoris can be judged from the fact that only 4 males and no females were enrolled for employment and unplaced as at 31st March, 1949. (4) The Maori Education and Employment Committee, representative of the Depart-, ments of Maori Affairs, Industries and Commerce, Education Department, Ministry of Works, State Forest Service, and this Department has met on three occasions during the year. (5) The chief aim of the Committee is to ensure the continuing absorption of the Maori race into full employment. The growth of the Maori population in recent years must obviously be followed by a corresponding increase in the numbers leaving school and seeking employment each year. A substantial part of the Maori population is located in remote areas where employment opportunities are limited. The Committee is therefore watching the future employment needs to ensure that work will continue to be available for the increasing numbers seeking employment. (6) Particular attention has been paid by the Committee to the placement in employment of Maori school-leavers. Arrangements, have been made for all schools (primary, post-primary, State, and private) to furnish annually particulars of each individual Maori boy or girl finally leaving school either to enter employment or to remain at home, including comment ,on employment prospects. Maori Welfare Officers of the Department of Maori Affairs will follow up cases where suitable employment presents a problem and will collaborate with Vocational Guidance Officers of the Education Department and District Officers of this Department in arranging suitable placements. (7) The Committee is also investigating the possibility of facilitating the placement of young Maoris in employment through the establishment of hostels in suitable places. Lack of suitable accommodation in industrial centres where vacancies for juveniles exist severely limits the extent to which young Maoris can avail themselves of the work offering. If suitable arrangements can be made present indications are that the scheme will be introduced by the establishment of one or two small hostels initially. Entrants to the hostels would be carefully selected and spread over a wide range of industry. This step would achieve the twofold purpose of facilitating the absorption of young Maoris into a wide range of employment and alleviating the shortage of juvenile workers in industrial centres.
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(8) In the Bay of Plenty - Rotorua district the milling of the extensive softwood forests now reaching maturity and the establishment of a large pulp and paper mill at Murupara, together with consequent development, are confidently expected to bring about a considerable expansion of employment opportunities for the Maori people resident in the area. (/) Employment Advisory Committees (1) Details of the origin and functions of Employment Advisory Committees were given in the last annual report of this Department, together with a list of the industries in respect of which such Committees have been set up. The local Committees for all except the laundry industry continued to function during the year. The laundry industry had a Committee in Auckland only, and this Committee went into recess during the year by its own decision. Three National Employment Committees met during the year, covering the printing trades, clothing-manufacturing, and the baking trades. National Committees are called together as the occasion arises. On the request of organizations concerned, further national Committees are in process of establishment. (2) National Committees are advised of decisions and recommendations of local Committees. Where there is no National Committee for an industry (or where the circumstances do not warrant the calling together of the National Committee) local Committee recommendations with more than local significance are referred for comment to all local Committees in the industry. This has been done on a number of occasions during the year. Minutes of National Committee meetings are made available to all local Committees in the same industry. (3) Local Employment Advisory Committees have devoted much of their time to assisted immigration matters. In this field they are looked to for advice as to vacancies for immigrants, the allocation of immigrants to the various employers, and applications by immigrants to change their employment. Much valuable work has been done by committees, and it is appropriate to express thanks to their individual members. Section 2—lmmigration (a) Administration (1) During the past year 1,528 men and women arrived in New Zealand under the scheme of Government-assisted immigration, while priority passages were arranged for a further 1,843 selected immigrants paying their own fares. There have been no alterations in basic eligibility requirements for assisted immigrants. Such immigrants are required to be residents of the United Kingdom and between the ages of twenty and thirty-five years, although these age-limits may be extended in the case of experienced female factory operatives and females taking up employment in hospitals. All assisted immigrants enter into a contract with the New Zealand Government to engage in approved employment for a period of two years after their arrival in this country. Preference is given to ex-service men and women applicants, for whom free passages are provided, while all others selected are required to contribute £lO towards the cost of their fares. In view of the shortage of accommodation within New Zealand it has been necessary to continue limiting assistance to single persons without dependants. Eligible applicants are selected on the basis of their suitability for employment within a specified list of occupations. In May, 1948, the scheme was extended to cover immigrants in a much wider range of occupations, and applications have since been accepted by the Immigration Branch of the New Zealand High Commissioner's Office for practically all types of productive and servicing work. A nomination scheme has also been introduced to enable persons and firms in New Zealand to nominate for an assisted passage single settlers for whom they can provide accommodation. The same conditions of eligibility apply to nominated immigrants as to other assisted immigrants. Up to the 31st March, 1949, nearly 800 nominations had been received.
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(2) Although the measures taken have effectively extended the field of selection, the Immigration Branch of the High Commissioner's Office has experienced considerable difficulty in obtaining adequate numbers of suitable unmarried females and skilled male tradesmen. An indication of the efforts made by the Immigration Branch to obtain suitable immigrants and the difficulties encountered is given in the following table, which summarized the work of the Branch during the past year :
(3) Of those remaining under action at the end of the year, 1,152 men and women had been interviewed and selected and were awaiting embarkation or medical examination. The extension of occupational categories, together with a vigorous publicity campaign undertaken by the Immigration Branch, had the desired effect of increasing the number of applications received during the year. However, slightly more than half the persons applying for assisted passages have been beyond the present scope of the scheme, or rejected on medical grounds, or have failed to proceed to the final stage of embarkation. (4) Male applicants considerably outnumber female applicants. Although a number of applications are received from typists and other female clerical workers, women workers in secondary industries and other occupations are generally reluctant to migrate and prefer to retain the close family ties and established social life of their home communities. It is unlikely that greater numbers of female applicants will come forward until it is possible to extend assistance to entire family groups. Particular difficulty has been experienced in obtaining women for hospital work as the British authorities have been exploring every avenue to obtain women for their own hospitals and have recently increased salaries by a considerable amount. Despite this difficulty, more than 200 women arrived in New Zealand under the immigration scheme during the last year to take up work in hospitals. (5) In the case of males there has been a preponderance of applications from unskilled workers. As such applicants have not usually had previous experience in the specific occupations they might undertake in New Zealand, they are selected on the basis of general suitability and previous experience in allied occupations. Many applications from tradesmen have to be declined because the trade training of the applicant has been too specialized to satisfy the more general requirements of industry in New Zealand. It has been found that "the ages of eligible tradesmen applicants generally lie within the range from twenty to twenty-six years. Continued difficulty is anticipated in attracting any large number of applications from tradesmen and women workers until the shortage of accommodation in New Zealand is overtaken and it becomes possible to extend the immigration scheme to cover married persons with families. (6) Under the general immigration scheme applicants are selected for the various essential productive and servicing occupations in accordance with quotas which are determined by the Government acting in consultation with the Immigration Advisory Council. This Council, which is composed of representatives of the main workers' and employers' organizations and other interested national bodies, was established in 1947 for the express purpose of advising on immigration matters and assisting the Department in implementing immigration policy. A close watch is maintained upon the employment
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— Males. Females. Total. Total applications under action at 1st April, 1948, and 8,317 3,025 11,342 received during year Applications lapsed, voluntary withdrawals, persons out5,052 1,326 6,378 side present scope of scheme, unsuitable, &c. Total sailed (including those in transit) 1,434 835 2,269 Total remaining under action, 31st March, 1949 1,831 864 2,695
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position in all industries to ensure that new settlers are not selected for any occupations •for which it becomes apparent that the labour requirements can be reasonably well met ■by our own people. Employment Advisory Committees throughout the country have been of great assistance in arranging matters affecting the employment of new settlers. Workers' and employers' associations within each major industry are represented on these Committees so that they are well equipped -to advise upon the opportunities for the absorption of new settlers within their particular industries. Initial placements of new settlers are arranged with the co-operation of Employment Committees, which also advise on applications for transfers to other districts or to alternative employment. (8) The Immigration Welfare Committees which have been established in the twentysix centres throughout the country in which this Department has district offices have continued to exercise an interest in the social welfare of all immigrants, whether govern-ment-assisted or not. Some of these Welfare Committees have made a particularly valuable contribution to the assimilation of new settlers into the community by arranging private board and accommodation for new settlers within their districts. (9) Steps have been taken to keep all the bodies mentioned completely informed on all matters affecting immigration by means of a regular newsletter. The general progress of the scheme, difficulties encountered in selection, the shipping position, and all other relevant matters are by this means brought to the notice of those bodies which are associated with the administration of the immigration scheme. (10) During the year the reconversion to peacetime standards of a number of vessels carrying passengers to New Zealand, and delays in completing new ships under construction, resulted in a loss of over 2,000 berths. It was decided that the " Atlantis " could suitably be further altered to increase her carrying-capacity from 600 to 900 persons, reducing the per capita operating costs without unduly decreasing the standard of comfort. By the end of the year the " Atlantis " was recommissioned, and this vessel will now be engaged continuously for a number of years bringing assisted settlers to New Zealand. The arrangement under which Government receives a proportion of berths for selected settlers in commercial vessels is also being continued. (11) During the year arrangements have been completed for the introduction of a scheme of child migration. Selected British children between the ages of five and seventeen years will be brought to New Zealand at Government expense and placed with New Zealand families who are anxious to receive them. Guardianship, which is vested in the first instance in the Superintendent of Child Welfare, may be transferred to approved foster-parents after a period of six months. Considerable difficulty has been experienced in obtaining a solution to the legal difficulties created by United Kingdom legislation restricting the emigration of British children for adoption overseas. After a lengthy period of negotiations, agreement has now been reached with the United Kingdom authorities, and it is anticipated that the first party of children will sail for New Zealand in July, 1949. A party of nominated children under the general scheme will sail from England in April. The scheme is being operated in conjunction with the Overseas League, which assists in the selection of suitable children. At the end of March the Immigration Branch in London had received 312 applications from British parents and guardians of child migrants, most of the applications received being on behalf of children within the ten-to-seventeen-year age-group. Over two hundred suitable New Zealand homes have been recommended by the Child Welfare Division for the reception of British children. (12) New Zealand has been a member State of the International Refugee Organization since its inception and has borne its share of the cost involved in the care and maintenance and resettlement of all those persons under the care of the Organization. During the year arrangements were completed for the selection and admission of some 900 displaced persons to this country.
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(13) The initial agreement with the International Refugee Organization provided for the selection of 1,000 displaced persons, of whom 200 were to be unaccompanied -children and 300 single women. However, when the New Zealand selection mission ■commenced operations in Europe it became apparent that these quotas could not be .adhered to and some variation in the categories was necessary. The final composition •of the draft is expected to be as follows . 0 Total Xumber of Persons. 130 single women for employment in hospitals, &c. .. .. 130 170 single men for heavy work of national importance " .. 170 100 family groups, comprising man and wife with one or two children. Men for heavy work of national importance .. 320 100 widows with one child .. .. .. .. 200 80 elderly persons for light employment .. .. 80 6 unaccompanied children for adoption .. .. .. 6 Total .. .. .. .. .. 906 (14) Although the number of available and suitable orphan children was •disappointingly small, the draft will include some 220 accompanied children. The majority of the persons selected are of Baltic origin, although smaller numbers of Ukrainians, Czechs, Poles, and other nationalities are represented in the draft. These displaced persons will be transported in shipping provided by the International Refugee Organization and are scheduled to arrive in New Zealand in June, 1949. On arrival they will proceed to a reception centre which is being established at the Pahiatua camp, where they will be given a basic course of instruction in language, citizenship, and customs to facilitate their assimilation within the new community. Most of the displaced persons selected already have some elementary knowledge of the English language. It is anticipated that these immigrants will spend a minimum period of four weeks in the reception centre.' (b) Analysis of Immigrants (1) A total of 879 males and _649 females arrived in New Zealand under the assisted immigration scheme during the year ended 31st March, 1949. Partly because of the difficulty in obtaining adequate numbers of suitable tradesmen under the assisted immigration scheme, a larger number of the berths available to the New Zealand government on commercial vessels have been allocated to selected migrants paying their ■own fares, including family groups. Priority passages are made available to selected married persons only when suitable accommodation is available for them in New Zealand. New settlers who have been granted priority passages include key technical and professional people urgently required for work in New Zealand. Almost half the men and women arriving as selected fare-paying immigrants during the last year have entered secondary industries. Berths for fare-paying immigrants have been allocated as follows during the last year : Men .. .. .. .. .. 597 Women .. .. .. .. 703 Children .. .. .. .. 543 Total .. .. .. .. 1,843 Details of all permanent arrivals and departures, whether Government-assisted or not, are shown in Table VIII of the Appendix to this report. (2) A large proportion of male Government-assisted immigrants are employed in sawmilling, coal-mining, and other primary industries and on hydro-electric development schemes, in all of which associated accommodation is available. Similarly the majority
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of female immigrants are employed in hospitals and in domestic work where accommodation is also available. For immigrants in other occupations, special immigration hostels, consisting of converted Armed Forces accommodation, have been made available in the four main centres. The following table shows the capacity of these hostels, which provide accommodation for a total of 501 men and 471 women : Auckland — Males. Females. North Head .. • .. .. 144 Narrow Neck .. .. .. .. .. 138 Wellington —. Fort Dorset .. .. . . .. 103 179 Christchurch — Wigram .. .. .. .. .. 120 154 Dunedin — St. Kilda .. .. .. .. 134 Approval had been obtained, and by the end of the year under review plans were being prepared, for extending the hostel accommodation for immigrants in Auckland, Wellington, and Dunedin, Satisfactory results have attended an appeal for private board for immigrants engaged in occupations in which accommodation is not provided on the job, and at 31st March, 1949, only 14 per cent, of all Government-assisted immigrants who have arrived in New Zealand were still accommodated in hostels. (3) Assisted immigrants have been selected for work in a wide range of productive and servicing occupations, and have formed a valuable addition to the labour force of this country. A detailed list, showing the occupations and numbers of assisted immigrants arriving during the past year, appears in Table X of the Appendix to this report. The following table shows more briefly the groups of industries in which assisted immigrants have taken up employment.
Industrial Distribution of Assisted Immigrants Arriving During Year Ended 31st March, 1949
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Industrial Group. Males. Females. Farming 63 2 Forestry and sawmilling 150 Coal-mining 35 Total, primary industry 248 2 Textiles, clothing, and leather 15 67 Engineering and metals 204 4 Printing industry 11 35 Building and construction 66 Miscellaneous secondary254 55 Total, secondary industry 550 161 Post and telegraph 56 2 Domestic and personal services (includes cooks 3 151 and domestics for hospitals and hostels) Hospital staff 1 229 Other tertiary 21 104 Total, tertiary industry 81 486. Total, all industries 879 649
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(4) The following table shows the provinces in which assisted immigrants who arrived in New Zealand during the last year have settled:— Auckland .. .. 491 Nelson .. .. 31 Hawkes Bay .. .. 40 Westland .. .. 27 Taranaki .. .. 23 Canterbury .. .. 243 Wellington .. .. 485 Otago .. .. 147 Marlborough .. .. 4 Southland .. .. 37 Assisted immigrants are placed in employment in those occupations for which they have been selected and in localities in which accommodation is available. Within these limits, every effort is made to place them in localities for which they have expressed a preference, so that the geographical distribution of immigrants is governed to a certain extent by the preferences of the immigrants themselves. (5) Arrangements have been made for the admission of 100 Dutch farm workers, and a number of these have now arrived and commenced work in New Zealand. The agreement which was entered into with the Netherlands authorities provides that suitable employment would be found for these new settlers, but that the New Zealand Government would not be responsible either for providing passages or meeting the cost of fares. Negotiations are still proceeding with the Netherlands authorities as restrictions on the movement of currency from that country now make emigration to New Zealand difficult. It is hoped that a satisfactory agreement will shortly be reached as these Dutch settlers have proved particularly suitable, and their services are keenly sought after by farmers throughout this country. Section 3—lndustrial Welfare (a) Factories Act, 1946 (1) This report covers the second year of operation of the Factories Act, 1946, the statute that prescribes the minimum conditions of work for the Dominion's 165,000 factory workers. The statute is used also by the Arbitration Court as a basis in setting the minimum conditions in many awards that are not concerned with factory employment, and parts of the Act have also been applied administratively to other workers agreements —for example, to the administration of the Public Service Act, 1912, and similar legislation affecting the Post and Telegraph and Railways Departments. (2) Tables XI and XII of the Appendix contain the figures of registered factories and number of persons employed in each district and in each major industrial group. (It should be noted that figures in the industrial groups in Table XII are not comparable with those shown in previous years' reports, as the classification has been changed to the international industrial classification adopted by the International Labour Organization in 1943—the same as has been used by the Department in recent years for employment statistics.) The total number of registered factories at 31st March, 1949, was 19,700, compared with 19,102 at 31st March, 1948, an increase of 598. The increase in the number of factqry workers over the twelve months was 2,358 males, less a reduction of 476 in females, a net total of 1,882. (In order to keep them comparable with previous years these figures do not include Government-owned factories totalling 324 and employing 11,706 workers (of which 186 are females). Such factories were not subject to registration prior to the passing of the 1946 Act.) It is obvious that the expanding tendencies of the manufacturing industries noted in the reports of recent years is continuing, and, while factory industry generally is unable to satisfy its labour requirements, particularly
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for women, it nevertheless has a larger number of employees than at any previous stage in the Dominion's history. The following table reveals the trends in the last twenty years: —
Persons Employed in Registered Factories (Including Working Occupiers)
(3) It may be seen that the percentage of women employed in factories, after increasing to 29-2 in 1943, as a result largely of wartime man-power directions, has declined since and is now at the lowest proportion (22-1 per cent.) since the early 1930'5. This trend and the reasons for it were referred to in the 1947 report. It appears also that factories are receiving a reducing share of the women engaged in all types of gainful employment. These proportions further emphasize the gap between the demand for and supply of female labour. The apparent shortage of female labour is accentuated by the heavy demand for goods produced by women, such as clothing, footwear, and food. Nevertheless, the actual number of women employed is still higher than in any pre-war year, while the number of men employed in factories is over 30,000 higher than ten years ago. It will be noted, also, that the number of registered factories, after declining during the war to 16,010 in 1944, the lowest figure for over twenty years, has rapidly increased since then to 19,700, the highest number ever recorded and 1,858 greater than ten years ago. (4) Location of Factories. —The heavy concentration of industry in the NorthIsland is revealed by the following figures : Factories. Employees. North Island .. .. .. 12,999 109,151 South Island .. .. .. 6,701 55,533 (5) Size of Factories. —It is often stated that the greater part of New Zealand's production is carried on in very small factories, but this is only partly true. Tables XIII and XIV show the number of workers employed in factories of varying sizes, and it will be noted that by far the largest number of factories employ twenty workers or less. These figures tend to over-emphasize the small size of factory units by the inclusion in the definition of " factory " of such establishments as bakehouses, butchers' shops manufacturing their own small-goods, laundries, and other units not usually thought of as factories. Nevertheless, it is correct that factories are preponderantly small, and this fact is important in administering the Factories Act, especially from the viewpoint of
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Year Ended 31st March, Pf M. arsons Employe F. d. Total. Percentage of Female Workers. Number of Factories. Dominion Population.* Percentage of Population in Factory Employment. 1929 102,795 16,677 1,470,654 7-0 1933 66 j 803 19^334 86,137 22-4 16,176 1,536,964 5-6 1937 85,513 25,528 111,041 23-0 17,126 1,577,109 7-0 1938 93,955 29,646 123,601 24-0 17,559 1,592,108 7-8 1939 .. 94,812 28,911 123,723 23-3 17,842 1,607,826 - 7-7 1940 98,156 31,332 129,488 24-2 18,141 1,632,835 7-9 1941 98,616 34,291 132,907 25-8 17,940 1,634,500 8-1 1942 96,978 37,111 134,089 27-7 17,421 1,631,276 8-2 1943 92,468 38,092 130,560 29-2 16,408 1,636,403 8-0 1944 94,354 38,245 132,599 28-8 16,010 1,642,041 8-1 1945 99,558 39,042 138,600 28-2 16,537 1,676,286 8-3 1946 104,089 37,663 141,752 26-6 17,289 1,728,441 8-2 1947 115,529 37,427 152,956 24-5 18,291 1,784,334 8-6 1948 125,990 36,812 162,802 22-6 19,102 1,823,074 8-9 1949 128,348 36,336 164,684 22-1 19,700 1,861,714 8-8 * Population figures taken to nearest date of factory registration from Abstract of Statistics.
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health, welfare, and safety of workers. It is generally recognized that such factories frequently require more State supervision and attention to safeguard the health of working people than would normally be accorded to larger concerns. (6) On the other hand, the much smaller group of factories employing more than 20 persons is important because of the proportion of factory workers employed in such units. Diagram II in Appendix I sets this out graphically. Ninety-three per cent, of factories employ up to 20 workers, but these factories employ less than 50 per cent, of all workers in factories. The proportion of factories employing more than 20 workers is only 7 per cent., but in these larger factories 54 per cent, of all workers are employed. The group employing 101 or more workers, although comprising only 1 per cent, of all factories, employs 27 per cent, of the workers. The larger factories are therefore much more important from the viewpoint of labour absorption than their numbers would appear to indicate. (7) There is no typical size of production units in New Zealand. As in other countries, some types of industry can be profitably undertaken in small units and other types in larger units. The complexity of the process and the amount of heavy machinery required are two important factors relating to the size of factories. Moreover, servicing industries must be localized to carry out their functions and therefore cannot be undertaken in large centralized factories, so that these comprise a large number of the smaller units in every district. It is to be expected, therefore, as the figures reveal, that the largest factories are most numerous in the metal-working, clothing, textiles, and food processing industries, while factories in which individual craftsmanship and hand work play a more prominent part are mainly small in size. The three most important industrial groups are food processing (35,618 workers), metal-working (36,109 workers), and clothing-manufacture (34,751 workers). These three groups between them account for 65 per cent, of all factory workers, and 53 per cent, of the number of factories in the Dominion. (8) Inspections. —Table XXI of the Appendix shows the number of inspectionsmade under the various statutes and regulations administered by the Department. Under the Factories Act the inspections carried out were more than 5,000 higher than in the previous year, and were the highest total recorded since 1940-41. The following table shows the figures over the last ten years :
(9) In interpreting the above figures allowance must be made for the merger of the Department of Labour and the National Employment Service in 1947 which resulted in the slowing-down of factory inspections while staff new to the work was being trained (vide the reduction in 1947-48), and for the fact that since that time Inspectors have' had additional duties in connection with employment and immigration. The increased number of trained staff available in 1948-49 is reflected in the great increase in total inspections, and it is confidently expected that a coverage as complete as any achieved
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Year. Slumber of Number of Percentage Inspections. Factories. Coverage. 1939-40 14,817 18,141 81-7 1940-41 15,654 17,940 87-3 1941-42 12,446 17,421 71-4 1942-43 8,916 16,408 54-3 1943-44 8,011 16,010 50-0 1944-45 8,640 16,537 52-2 1945-46 7,338 17,289 42-4 1946-47 10,976 18,291 60-0 1947-48 7,955 19,102 41-6 1948-49 13,037 19,700 66-2
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before will be possible next year. In the year under review a complete coverage was accomplished in six districts, and 72 to 97 per cent, coverage in ten other districts. Table XXYII shows the great increase in requisitions served by Inspectors. It is considered that an energetic inspection policy will reduce the volume of complaints and breaches and'will lead to a better understanding of and compliance with the provisions of the Act. Inspections are being set at a high standard, with particular attention to the safety, health, and welfare of workers, which are regarded as matters of paramount importance. For details of breaches, warnings, complaints, &c., see Tables XXII and XXIII of the Appendix. (6) Hygiene, Health, and Welfare in Factories (1) In 1944 Dr. J. M. Davidson, M.D, D.P.H., of Ministry of Labour and National Service, London, undertook a representative survey of conditions in New Zealand industry and presented a special report to the Health Department. He said that "an effort should be made to raise the general hygienic and aesthetic standards in factories throughout New Zealand to a level consonant with what is best in current practice elsewhere, to provide greater safety from accidents, and to improve in particular the conditions under which young persons are employed in factories." A large proportion of the new or extended provisions of the Factories Act, 1946, which was based on the British Act of 1937, was designed to assist in achieving these objects, and since the end of the war increasing attention has been given by Inspectors to matters of welfare, hygiene, and general working conditions. It has been noted, also, that many factory managements are alert to these factors, and that, in addition to co-operating very willingly with the Department and promptly endeavouring to comply with requisitions for improvements, they have in many cases voluntarily undertaken alterations with a view to advancing the welfare of their employees, and incidentally of holding and attracting labour. Many employees appreciate fully the importance of a good working environment in promoting satisfactory employer-employee relations, increasing efficiency and output, and creating in employees pride in their work and loyalty to the firm. • (2) Conditions in New and Old Factories. —While there is no requirement in the Factories Act that plans of new factories are to be submitted to the Department for checking in regard to compliance with the Act, managements are encouraged to do so, and over seventy plans were submitted during the year. In a number of cases changes in plans in relation to amenities were made on the Department's advice. Architects and ventilating engineers frequently consult the Department concerning proposed new factories and alterations or additions to existing plants. Most modern factories that are being erected contain first-class facilities for the staff, with a standard much higher than the minimum provisions of the Factories Act. Features of some new factory plans submitted include circular wash-troughs, showers, canteens, first-class rest-rooms for women, ambulance rooms, several swimming-baths, and steam heating-pipes set in the concrete floor. An increasing number of factory occupiers are proud of their premises. On the other hand, many older factories are located in unsuitable buildings which cannot be lifted to a high standard without considerable alteration and expense. A number of small new factories have been set up in existing old buildings of an unsuitable type with poor amenities. In some cases registration has had to be withheld. The greatest problem in regard to working conditions is in the small factories, and as these constitute over 90 per cent, of factory premises in New Zealand they will require continuing attention. Many with limited capital cannot afford the extensive alterations required, but would willingly transfer to better accommodation if it were available. Nevertheless, too many have taken existing conditions for granted and have failed to realize the substantial improvements that could be effected at little cost by attention to lighting, heating, interior painting, general cleanliness, good house-keeping, and ventilation. These problems are particularly noted in the larger centres.
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(3) Lighting.—While much improvement has been noted, the general standard is only fair, there being insufficient light from both natural and artificial sources in many factories and too much glare from unshaded incandescent lamps. The use of fluorescent lamps is being rapidly extended and has met with wide acceptance. It has been noted that such lamps are particularly useful in the elimination of shadows —an important factor in the prevention of accidents. Most new factories have excellent lighting, both by daylight and artificial means, the standard being higher than laid down in lighting codes. The lighting in many factories would be improved by greater attention to the cleaning of windows, lamps, and shades. (4) Ventilation. —The standard is generally satisfactory, and most of the problems arise in connection with the withdrawal of dusts and fumes. Occupiers are co-operative in installing exhaust systems at the Department's request, but the shortage of galvanized iron has prevented or slowed down the installation in some cases. Particular difficulty is being experienced with the dust nuisance in lime and rock-crushing mills and in linen-flax works. (5) Sanitation and Cleanliness. —Here also many improvements have been noted by Inspectors, but the main offenders are the smaller factories, plants located in old buildings, and specific industries where the work is dirty. ■ In some cases the fault lies with the employee rather than the employer. A large percentage of factories have no hot-water installation, but compliance with the requirements of Inspectors is sometimes delayed by electricity restrictions. However, some occupiers tend to use the electricity shortage as an excuse when other heating media would be satisfactory. Particular attention during the year was given to the provision of soap and towels in the engineering industry. In the dairy industry it was found that few dairy factories in Taranaki fully complied with the provisions of section 62, neither hot water nor towels being provided, while employees frequently washed themselves in the tubs used for the cleaning of factory equipment in the absence of (or in some cases, in spite of) the installation of wash-basins. Remedial measures are under action. Inspectors have been careful in administering section 62 while there were shortages in the supply of towelling, but the position is now much easier. A great deal more attention could be paid by occupiers to the provision of proper washing facilities, cleanliness, and housekeeping. (6) Provision for Meals. —Inspectors have given this aspect a good deal of attention. Some factories have first-class canteen and meal-room accommodation. In one case it was noted that a staff library was a part of the dining-room facilities. (7) Canteens in Factories. —Section 69 (6) of the Factories Act provides that where the number of persons employed in a factory and requiring to have meals at the factory exceeds 100, an Inspector may issue a requisition on the occupier requiring him to maintain a canteen at which employees may purchase meals. This does not mean that all factories of that size are required by law to provide a canteen —the initiative is with the Inspector, and he will serve a requisition only if workers are not being satisfactorily provided for either by the employer, or by nearby facilities such as restaurants. A full survey is in progress of all factories in New Zealand employing more than 100 persons to ascertain what meal facilities are provided, and whether canteens, which were essential in wartime overtime conditions, are still found to be necessary. The survey is not yet complete, but preliminary reports indicate that many large factories have made excellent provision for the serving of meals to employees. During the year the Health (Eatinghouse) Regulations 1948 were gazetted. These are administered generally by the Department of Health, but Factory Inspectors have been instructed to apply the standards contained in Parts 111 and IV to factory canteens. (8) Rest-rooms, Cloak-rooms, Change-rooms. —More improvements of this nature have been possible during the year. Sometimes it is impossible to provide adequate separate facilities in existing small factories, and compromise arrangements by dividing part of
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the existing premises by temporary partitions, screens, or other expedients hare had to be accepted. It has been noted that where change-rooms are located at some distance from the workplace workers tend to ignore their use since they prefer to have their clothes handy. (9) Heating.—lnspectors are endeavouring to increase the standard in many factories, but are faced with difficulties caused by the fact that some premises are difficult to heat adequately. (10) First-aid Equipment, &c.—lmprovements have been noted by Inspectors in many factories, and in quite a number of the larger plants full-time industrial nurses are now employed. Two difficulties present themselves —first, the proper maintenance of first-aid equipment after installation, a number of cases of depleted or dirty cabinets being found ; and, second, the education of the workers (especially men) to use first-aid facilities for minor cuts and abrasions. (11) Industrial Diseases.—Arrangements have been made for the State Fire Insurance Department, which has taken over compensation insurance under the provisions of the Workers 5 Compensation Act, 1947, to advise the Inspector of Factories whenever a claim for compensation in respect of industrial disease is received. This should enable Inspectors to undertake an early check of working conditions and should overcome what has been a defect in the past —viz., delayed advice or no advice of the occurrence of diseases other than those that are notifiable under the Health Act, 1920. Factory Inspectors indicate that industrial dermatitis in various forms is the most prevalent disease arising from occupational conditions. Carrot dermatitis, which was common during the war years, appears to have disappeared, but there have been a number of cases of peach poisoning in jam and canning factories. The use of protective gloves will probably solve this problem. Several cases of tobacco and hop rash were reported, but cleared up on a change of occupation. There were also cases of salt sores which developed at a salt-works ; this is being carefully watched as production increases. Closer supervision of the health of workers engaged in electroplating processes and in the metal cutting and welding industry is contemplated by the issue of two sets of new regulations under the Health Act in collaboration with the Health Department. In these industries dangerous and poisonous substances are used, and the operations generate toxic gases under certain circumstances and are subject to other special hazards (see also subsection (c) below). (12) Fire-escajpes.—A good deal of attention was given to the means of escape from factory premises in the event of fire, and Inspectors co-operated with local bodies and Fire Boards in the issue of requisitions. Shortage of steel for fire-escapes is an important delaying factor. Many factories are listed for review when the anticipated regulations •arising out of the recommendations of the Ballantyne Fire Commission are made. (13) New Ideas in Welfare. —The Department is very interested in the ideas of a number of progressive firms who are experimenting in the use of colour in factory interiors and on machines, &c., adjustable seating for employees, the suitability of various kinds of lighting for different processes and materials, and new heating methods. (14) Government-owned Factories. —Government factories were brought within the provisions of the Factories Act by the 1946 Act, and since then attention has been given to their inspection and to the remedying of deficiencies, especially in relation to safety, health, welfare, and fire-escapes. Inspectors initiate action through the local controlling officers of Departments, and the Head Office of this Department also follows up reports by direct negotiation with the other head offices concerned. Action is being divided into two sections: first, essential alterations immediately needed to comply with minimum provisions of the Act; and second, other improvements to be undertaken within a reasonable time. Some departments have drawn up comprehensive programmes which are being implemented on a gradual basis.
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(15) Requisitions. —Table XXVII in the Appendix gives the number of requisitions served under the various Acts administered by the Department. The progressively increased attention given by Inspectors to working conditions is revealed by a comparison of the requisitions served under the Factories Act during recent years, as follows 1939-40 .. 776 1943-44 .. 416 1946-47 .. 881 1940-41 .. 623 1944-45 .. 542 1947-48 .. 1,538 1941-42 .. 528 1945-46 671 1948-49 .. 3,126 1942-43 ~ 426 In addition, 557 requisitions were served in 1948-49 under awards and agreements. (16) Inspectors report that Building Controllers have in recent months been more able to issue permits for alterations to premises where occupiers have been required to comply with requisitions. While this no doubt reflects an improvement in the supply of materials, shortages of materials and labour still delay compliance with requisitions. The Department on occasions has been asked to help in obtaining materials, while occupiers sometimes have difficulty in securing builders and contractors to carry out the work after permits have been made available. Most factory occupiers have been co-operative, and in fact the figures above concerning requisitions do not tell the whole story of improvements brought about by inspections, since many occupiers have immediately complied with the suggestions of Inspectors without the necessity of requisitions being served. (17) Requisitions served in 1948-49 under the Factories Act, 1946, and under awards and agreements cover the following matters not specifically reported elsewhere : Requisitions. First-aid equipment .. .. .. .. .. 290 Fire-precautions .. . . .. .. .. .. 244 Machinery guards .. .. .. .. .. 292 Ventilation .. .. .. ... .. .. 182 Lighting .. .. .. .. .. .. 138 Heating .. .. .. .. .. .. 151 Seating .. .. .. .. .. 22 Washing and shower facilities .. .. .. .. 606 Sanitation .. .. .. .. .. .. 421 Lunch-rooms and cloak-rooms .. .. .. .. 345 Drinking-water .. .. .. .. .. 29 Dust-extraction .. .. .. .... 92 Locker accommodation, &c., for workers .. .. .. 290 Others .. .. ... .. ... .. .. 581 (c) Lead Process Regulations 1925 and Accumulator (Lead Process) Regulations 1940 (1) Only two cases of lead poisoning have been reported during the year. In one case —a lead-recovery factory —the occupier immediately closed the plant and commenced to remodel it to meet requirements. In the second case the worker has been permanently removed from lead-process work. Most factory-occupiers closely watch the periodic blood-counts of employees, but a survey of twenty-six factories doing lead process work in one district revealed five cases of lead absorption to varying degrees, while in another district, out of 464 workers who were examined by industrial nurses, four showing signs of lead-absorption were transferred to outside jobs. In another lead-process plant improvements were necessary in washing facilities, meal accommodation, and exhaust appliances, but workers are now complaining of the draughts caused by the latter. A warning was issued to an employer in respect of an apprentice employed on lead-pots in a printing-works, and in another printing-works improvements were requested to the ventilation in the linotype-room and in another room where type was melted and cast into ingots. No breaches were observed in paint-factories. Generally speaking, the regulations are well observed, and it is apparent that improved
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manufacturing methods, together with an understanding of the health hazards involved, is leading to much better conditions. Inspectors report that observance of the regulations relating to bronzing also gives little concern, the only breach being the taking of meals in a room of a printing-works where bronzing was carried out. This type of work, however, appears to be declining. (2) These two sets of regulations are in process of being revised and reissued in a consolidated form in collaboration with the Health Department. (d) Spray Painting Regulations 1940 Considerable attention has been given during the year to the provision of proper booths for spray-painting work and, although many plants have been found quite satisfactory, requisitions for improvement or remodelling of booths have been necessary in quite a large proportion of cases. Several occupiers have decided to close down their spray-painting operations rather than incur the expense of complying with the regulations. In some instances difficulties over the supply of suitable building-materials for booth linings have held up compliance with requisitions. The plans and specifications of a number of new booths have been submitted to the Department and approved. Instances have been noted of employees: objecting on the grounds of inconvenience to the use of respirators which have been provided, and of protective equipment not being kept in good condition, but recognition of the health hazards of spray-painting has generally been satisfactory. (e) Accidents in Factories (1) In most overseas countries a great deal of effort has been given to the reduction of accidents in industry, and considerable success has been achieved. Since the war ended renewed attention has been given to this problem by employers, safety organizations, and government agencies. For instance, in 1948 the first post-war Conference on Accident Prevention was held in Great Britain ; in March of this year President Truman personally sponsored a nation-wide Conference on industrial safety because of his concern at the losses caused by accidents despite the considerable attention given to the subject in the United States for many years; while in 1947 the International Labour Office produced a draft Model Code of Safety Regulations for Factories and a full summary of the safety legislation relating to factories in most of the member countries. Activity in New Zealand falls behind most overseas countries, a fact to which Dr. Davidson drew attention in 1944 when he said : " insufficient attention is paid to accident prevention in New Zealand . . . education by pamphlet and poster is neglected. In the factories, housekeeping is frequently poor; training in accidentprevention, and safety committees, are virtually non-existent; training of new, and maybe youthful, employees on dangerous machines is cursory; the provision of protective footwear is uncommon ; and too much reliance is placed on the provision of other safeguards which require for their operation the intelligent co-operation of the workmen." (2) An attempt to assist in overcoming some of these problems was made in framing the Factories Act, 1946, into which a number of fundamental safe-practice clauses were written. Nevertheless, these are minimum standards whereas many employers regard them as maximum requirements. Moreover, there is a general conviction among safety experts that accidents cannot be fought by regulations alone. Regulations and statutes deal principally with physical and mechanical hazards ; most accidents arise from the unsafe practices of workers. It is commonly thought, for instance, that machinery is the major cause of accidents. Table XVI in the Appendix shows that in 1948 machines caused only 22 per cent, of accidents, and many of these were no doubt due rather to employee-faults than mechanical hazards infringing the Act. The largest group was " handling of objects " (34 per cent.). Overseas research indicates that up to 88 per cent, of accidents are caused by persons, and as low as 10 per cent, only by machinery and other physical hazards. While the latter are important because of the increased
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use of machines and the seriousness of injuries inflicted, the size of the former group points to the fact that legislation and its enforcement by Inspectors of Factories and Inspectors of Machinery is only of limited influence in remedying the problem, and that much more attention must be given to education, employee supervision, safety committees, and to positive action by managements to solve the employee-causes of accidents in their own plants. (3) The relative apathy of employers in New Zealand up to the present time is probably due to the failure to appreciate the part they can play, the new techniques developed in other countries, and the seriousness of the accident problem in industry. A great deal is said about industrial disputes and their effect upon production ; the much greater seriousness of accidents is seldom emphasized. Here is the comparative position in the four latest years for which accident figures are available :
*ln computing these figures an international standard allowance for time lost in the case of fatalities and permanent disability is made. Figures quoted in previous reports did not include this allowance. The figures above for disputes cover all industries. The figures for accidents do not include mines (where the average number is 4,000 to 5,000 accidents a year) or waterside work (also a prolific source of accidents). If accident figures for mining and waterside work were available the figures in the second last column would be much higher. The comparative economic importance of industrial accidents is almost staggering. (4) The cost of accidents is also frequently overlooked. Wages lost through all industrial disputes in 1946 totalled £40,112, whereas compensation for accidents paid in 1946 (the last year for which figures are available) totalled £258,621 (excluding mines and waterfront). Research in England and America shows that indirect costs (loss of production, damage to plant, training new employees, fixed overheads, &c.) amount to four times the direct compensation cost. If this basis is correct the total cost to New Zealand industry, other than mines and waterfront, of accidents in that year —a fairly representative year —was approximately £1,293,000. It is clear that prevention of accidents is good business for the employer, apart from its humanitarian aspect. The following table indicates the trend in New Zealand factories :
Note. —The figures differ from those in paragraph (3) above through the exclusion of non-faetory accidents, mainly in railway operating, building and construction works,, and bush sawmilling.
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Calandar Year.* Number of Industrial Accidents. Number of Working Days Lost Through Industrial Accidents. Number of Working Days lost Through Industrial Disputes. 1943 12,763 963,262 14,687 1944 10,973 978,798 52,602 1945 10,386 845,986 66,629 1946 11,311 950,908 30,393
Year. Number of Factory Accidents. Number of Factory Workers. Reportable Accidents per Thousand Factory Workers. Number of Days Lost by Factory Workers. 1938 4,165 123,723 33-7 349,987 1939 4,938 129,488 38-1 365,074 1940 5,420 132,907 40-8 356,874 1941 6,517 134,089 48-6 410,662 1942 7,496 130,560 * 57-4 431,415 1943 7,591 132,599 57-2 407,964 1944 6,582 138,600 47-5 459,397 1945 6,143 141,752 43-3 385,627 1940 6,388 152,956 41-8 432,976 1947 6,750 162,802 41-5 1948 7,525 164,684 45-7
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The significant figures are contained in the fourth column. Kecovery has been rapid from the wartime influences of excessive overtime and replacement of skilled staff by inexperienced directed labour, but the pre-war position has not yet been regained, the main causes probably being high labour turnover in many factories, shortage of skilled staff, pressure of production, the number of new enterprises and firms notifying accidents for the first time. It might be said that the status quo is roughly being maintained. But this is not enough. Factory Inspectors and other safety experts agree that most accidents are preventable. There are still too many industrial accidents in New Zealand and a great deal more attention must be paid to this problem. (5) The Department proposes to tackle the problem with increasing vigour. In the past year factory occupiers were served with 279 requisitions for the guarding of dangerous machines, compared with 130 in the year before. This is in addition to action taken by Inspectors of Machinery employed by the Marine Department. Moreover, a research project into the techniques of accident prevention is under way, and it is hoped within the next twelve months to be able to commence making material on the subject available to industry and in other ways to conduct an active programme of safety education. (6) Details of factory accidents in 1948 by age-groups and causes are contained in Tables XY and XVI of the Appendix. There were 13 fatal accidents in 1948 (8 in 1947), as follows : A worker, who was standing on wet ground in hob-nailed boots operating a concrete-mixer at a brickworks, was electrocuted. A worker employed at a fertilizer-works died as a result of injuries received when he collided with a rake of trucks as he ran out of a building. A worker at a sawmill died as a result of being crushed by a heavy log which rolled sideways on the skids when it was being hauled. A freezing-works employee working on the roof of a building slipped and fell through the asbestos sheeting on to the concrete floor 20 ft. below. A worker at a timber-mill was jammed between a log and the wall when winching the log into position. A brickworks employee was suffocated under clay in a hopper. There were no witnesses, but it is assumed that he was attempting to clear the hopper when he slipped and fell on to the conveyor, which dragged him under the clay. A building labourer on a construction job was electrocuted while operating a concrete-mixer. An employee at a joinery-factory was struck in the stomach by a piece of timber which caught in a circular saw, and died two days later of peritonitis. A worker was killed at a paper mill when a reel of paper became detached'from an electric hoist and fell on him. A worker was killed by a fall of lime in an old bin at a lime-works. A tiler was loading a tiled slab on to a truck when he slipped on the wet surface of the tray and fell from the truck, the heavy tiled slab falling on him. An employee at a dried-milk factory collapsed and died while lifting 1 cwt. cases 3 ft. on to a roller conveyor. A worker tending a rock-crusher at a fertilizer-works was clearing the screen with a rod when he lost his grip of the rod which fell against the screen. In order to retrieve it he climbed over the guard, and his clothing became caught in the driving shaft. (f) Overtime Work in Factories (1) Overtime by Women. —Section 20 (2) (c) of the Factories Act, 1946, was amended by section 16 of the Statutes Amendment Act, 1948. The position now is that women over sixteen may, with the permission of Inspectors, work overtime for up to 90 hours & year (maximum 3 hours a day and 9 hours a week), but in special circumstances this period may be extended by an Inspector's warrant by a further 30 hours. The voluntary working of further additional hours not exceeding 80 in any year may be •permitted by the Minister in his discretion and subject to any conditions he may prescribe as to medical examination, provision of meals, and other amenities. The effect •of these amendments is to increase the possible overtime which may be worked by women in any year from 150 to 200 hours, but the last 80 hours is entirely voluntary and
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is subject to Ministerial consent and conditions. Moreover, an Inspector will grant an ■ extension beyond 90 hours only if he is fully satisfied that it is necessary in the interests of essential production and an unsatisfied market. Occupiers of factories in each •district have been informed of the need to plan their schedules of production in advance to meet these provisions. (2) The following table of overtime authorized beyond the statutory limits compares -each year from 1942. (Note. —Prior to the Factories Act of 1946, boys and girls under sixteen years of age could work overtime by permission. Since the new Act this is •entirely prohibited. There is no restriction on the working of overtime by men) :
I 'The above table reflects the decrease in the number of women employed in factories, the cessation of war contracts, general easing of demand, and the tightening-up on the issue of overtime warrants. Considerable overtime is still necessary in some industries, notably food-processing, clothing, tobacco, and woollen and knitting mills. In the past year many applications for extended hours have been applied for on the grounds •of a grave shortage of women operatives on whose output male workers have been dependent. This is still the case. (3) Hours beyond the 90-hour limit were authorized in some of the leading industries .as follows : Hours. Clothing and textiles .. .. .. .. .. 31,745 Tobacco-manufacture .. .. .. .. .. 28,553 Engineering and metals (Auckland, Wellington, and Lower Hutt only) .. .. .. .. 9,036 Printing (main centres and Lower Hutt only) .. .. 6,527 Food groups (mainly Auckland) .. .. .. 5,978 Footwear-manufacture .. .. .. .. 5,441 Soap-manufacture (Lower Hutt only) .. .. .. 5,190 These industries between them account for nearly 90 per cent, of the extra overtime authorized. (4) The following table shows the geographical distribution of overtime worked in 1948
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Year. Number of Women. Number of Boys. 1 Hours Worked in Excess of 90hour Limit. 1942 .. * 3,902 34 235,212 1943 4,983 42 455,934 1944 4,298 22 392,493 1945 2,672 22 207,421 1946 2,703 15 197,642 , 1947 2,006 126,585 1948 1,935 103,398
District. Number of Women for Whom Overtime Authorized. Total Hours Overtime Worked. Number of Women for Whom Extra Overtime Authorized. Hours Worked in Excess of Statutory Limit of 90 Hours. Auckland 4,064 187,932 765 20,969 Lower Hutt 1,310 83,951 313 28,254 Wellington 1,612 130,951 335 37,354 'Christchurch 2,020 58,632 170 5,201 Ihinedin 1,849 60,983 180 6,605 All other centres 2,683 88,121 172* 5,015
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This table shows cleanly the heavy concentration of overtime in the main centres and Lower Hutt (where shortages of female labour are most acute), and also reveals the much longer hours worked by women in Wellington and Lower Hutt compared with other centres. (5) Overtime Work in Public Service. —The Factories Act, 1946, binds the Crown and Government factory employees are ensured the same minimum conditions that apply in other industry. In order to avoid anomalies and ensure that clerical and other workers in the Public Service are in no worse position than Government factory workers, the overtime provisions of the Act were applied administratively to the Public Service generally from Ist April, 1948. The Department gave advice and assistance to the Public Service Commission in working out the manner of application to the many different classes of employees. (6) Night Workers on Newspapers. —Sections 15 and 16 of the Statutes Amendment Act, 1948, amended section 32 (2) of the Factories Act, 1946-, by repealing the special definitions in the latter of the term " holidays " and " Sundays " in their application to daily morning newspapers, and replacing them by new definitions relating to all newspapers. The effect is to give night workers in newspaper-factories the benefit of the usual penal rates of pay for Sunday and holiday work. The amendment gave effect to an agreement between the New Zealand Newspapers Proprietors' Association and the New Zealand Printing and Related Trades' Industrial Union of Workers. (g) Outworkers' Licences (1) The shortage of female factory employees is also reflected in applications received for outworkers' licences, and there has been some comment by unions and others concerning the number of licences that have been issued by the Department. It is certainly true that there has been a tendency for some factories and retail shops to have a larger volume of work of certain kinds undertaken by people in their private*homes. However, the Department is carefully watching the position, and during the year, although the number issued showed a substantial increase, 55 applications were refused for various reasons. The licences issued in 1948-49 and comparisons with the two previous years are tabulated below :
" Other trades " include 10 licences for soap-wrapping at Lower Hutt, 23 licences for toymaking at Paeroa (a temporary arrangement as a result of a fire loss), and 16 for rubber goods at Christchurch. (2) The history of outworkers' legislation is fully dealt with in the 1947 annual report, which makes reference in addition to the legislative changes contained in the Factories Act, 1946. In the light of the last two years' experience in administering these provisions and of the present trends departmental procedure concerning the issue of outworkers' licences has been reviewed, and the following is an outline of the present practice.
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Number of Licences Issued in Trades Shown. District. Clothing. Fancy Goods. Footwear and LeatherOther Trades. Totals, 1948-49. Totals. 1946-47. Totals, 1947-48. work. Auckland 383 5 50 18 456 378 417 Lower Hutt 22 2 13 37 L 1 AC / 22 Wellington 223 5 228 > lUo \ 137 Christchurch .. 112 4 26 142 103 148 Dunedin 130 5 '2 137 17 33 All others 37 ' *8 29 74 23 27 Dominion 907 13 61 93 1,074 629 784
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(3) No licences are being issued without first consulting tlie appropriate workers' and employers' unions. (The Act provides merely that they should be notified of licences issued.) Licences are not being issued if it is practicable for the worker to accept regular employment in a factory, or if the worker is already employed in a factory or other full-time employment. The Act provides that, before granting a licence, the Inspector must be satisfied that the person to whom the application relates is in necessitous circumstances or is for special reasons unable to work in a factory, and that the place of work is suitable. In interpreting this, Inspectors have regard to the following considerations: — (i) Special reasons why a person may be unable to work in a factory may include distance, transport difficulties, home-ties, disability, or health. (The last-mentioned factor will lead to the refusal of licence if the article worked on is likely to be contaminated by a communicable disease.) (ii) Where distance or disability is involved the normal maximum hours may be permitted, but if home-ties are advanced as a reason an hours' limitation up to 75 per cent, of normal factory hours is imposed in the interests of the worker's health. (iii) A room specially set apart for the work is insisted upon where the hours worked are 75 per cent, or more of normal factory hours, or in other cases where the Inspector considers a special room necessary. This requirement may be waived where the work is confined to hand needlework. Employers are required to observe the provisions of any relevant award as far as possible, to cover out-workers against personal accident arising out of their work, and to increase their payments proportionately to cover annual and statutory holidays. (Ji) Juveniles in Factories . (1) The number of certificates of fitness issued under section 37 of the Factories Act, 1946, to enable persons under sixteen years of age to work in factories is shown .in the following table :
(2) The total is 2,258, compared with 2,244 in 1947-48. These figures are a little more than half of the totals of ten years ago (1938-39). The number of certificates issued for persons under fifteen shows a reduction of 50 per cent, over the previous year, such certificates being strictly limited to special cases where exceptional circumstances exist. The number of girls in the second group shows no alteration from last year, but the boys show 5 per cent, increase. Certificates issued for school-holiday periods have dropped from 189 in 1946-47 and 53 in 1947-48 to only 14 in 1948-49.
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— Number of Certificates Issued to Persons Aged Fourteen and Under Fifteen. Fifteen and Under Sixteen. Totals. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Certificates issued for period of school holidays Other certificates issued Totals 2 17 19 11 1,071 1 1,137 13 1,088 1 1,156 19 19 1,082 1,138 1,101 1,157
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(3) The predominant industries for which certificates were issued are : textiles and clothing group, 929 ; engineering, including vehicle repair, 353; printing and bookbinding, 146 ; furniture-manufacture, 93 ; footwear-manufacture, 83. The high demand for juvenile labour in general continues to be unsatisfied. (?) Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 (1) No registration of shops or offices is undertaken, as is the case with factories,, and it is only possible to estimate numbers by the assistance of the Department's Halfyearly Survey of Employment and the check given by inspections. The former, however,, now enables more accurate figures to be supplied than in the past. Estimates of the position at 31st March, 1949, are : Shops — Number of shops without assistants .. .. .. 11,009 Number of shops with assistants .. .. .. 15,502 Total number of shops .. .. .. 27,111 Number of assistants — Male .. .. .. .. 31,244 Female .. .. .. .. 30,519 61,763 Offices — Number of offices .. .. .. .. .. 8 ,062 Number of office assistantsMale .. .. .. .. 13,581 Female .. .. .. .. 14,471 28,052 (2) The largest number of shops and shop-assistants is in the Auckland district" (5,731 and 11,001 respectively), followed by Christchurch, AYellington, and Dunedin in that order, with the exception that Dunedin has more shops but fewer assistants than Wellington. Auckland also has the largest number of offices and office-assistants (2,033 and 6,718 respectively), followed very closely by Wellington (1,994 and 6,356 respectively), but there is a considerable drop to Christchurch and Dunedin, which together have less than two-thirds of Auckland or Wellington figures. Forty-seven per cent, of all office-assistants work in the Auckland and Wellington districts, compared with only 27 per cent, of shop-assistants, pointing to the greater concentration of office workers ia these areas. It is stressed that these are district (not city) figures, and include in each case, except Wellington, a number of small towns and boroughs. (3) Inspections for the year as compared with the last three years show increased activity : 1945-46. 1946-47. 1947-48. 1948-49. Shop inspections .. 9,569 13,431 9,274 15,160 Office inspections .. 901 1,697 ' 708 1,627 Requisitions served .. 95 79 151 299 The drop in inspections in 1947-48 was attributable mainly to staff difficultiesdiscussed elsewhere. (4) The Department authorizes the working of overtime in shops, and must also be notified of the intention to work overtime in hotels and restaurants. Overtime work in shops is limited by the Shops and Offices Act to certain types of work not being the sale of goods, such as stock-taking. Notifications were as follows-: — 1947-48. 1948-49. Number of hours overtime notified 74,174 78,347 Number of persons concerned —- Males .. .. .. 1,944\, 2,034\ . Females 2,703/ 4 ' 647 2,586/ 4 ' 620
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(5) Overtime notified in restaurants and hotels totalled 24,581 hours, worked by 277 males and 348 females. Overtime in shops was divided as follows: — Honrs. Men. Women. Departmental stores .. .. .. 14,747 362 1,175 Drapers and mercers .. .. .. 16,620 371 649 Grocers .. .. .. ..10,161 747 112 Stationery and allied .. .. .. 2,066 37 101 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 10,172 240 201 (6) Schools for Learners. —-Under section 9 of the Shops and Offices Amendment Act, 936, no premium may be received by the occupier of any shop in respect of the employment of a shop-assistant or in respect of the teaching or training of any person in any trade or business carried on in the shop unless the shop is approved by the Chief Inspector of Factories as a school for learners in a trade or business, and the payment is made pursuant to a written agreement that is approved by the Chief Inspector. In granting approval the Chief Inspector must be satisfied that the terms of the agreement are reasonable and that adequate facilities for learning the trade or business are provided. The only schools for learners which have been approved under this section are for the teaching of hairdressing. Thirteen schools were registered at 31st December, 1948, and 111 new agreements were approved during the year. Facilities for training appear to be quite satisfactory in all of the schools, both theoretical and practical training are given and no abuses of the system have been reported. Only six girls failed to complete their training period during the year, and of these two were temporary interruptions only while four relinquished their agreements voluntarily. Inquiries reveal that there are more openings for learners than there are girls offering to learn. (7) Employment of Workers on a Saturday.—ln last year's annual report reference was made to a pending legal action concerned with workers employed on a Saturday where the occupier had obtained exemption from Saturday closing. The case was Inspector of Awards v. Paraparaumu Co-operative Dairy Company, Ltd., and Maurice Beckett, Ltd. Defendants had obtained exemption from the closing-hours set out in the respective awards and were permitted to open their shops for business on a Saturday. The Inspector contended that this exemption did not over-ride other clauses of the awards concerning non-employment of shop-assistants on a Saturday and payment of overtime for work on days other than Monday to Friday. The Court was asked to decide whether the employment by defendants of shop-assistants outside the normal days of work specified in the awards and employment on Saturday without payment of penal rates constituted breaches of the awards. The Magistrate held that, ancillary to the exemption enabling defendants to open on a Saturday, goes the right to employ assistants within the forty-hour week at ordinary rates of pay on that day, the assistants merely exchanging working days —a Saturday for a week-day —and that no breach of the awards had occurred. When an appeal was taken to the Court of Arbitration the Magistrate's decision was upheld, the Court taking the view that the legislation could only function in a reasonable manner if freedom from prosecution for breaches of the hours of work and overtime clauses of the award was a necessary concomitant, for the orders for exemption from closing-hour clauses. (8) Exemptions from Closing-hour Provisions of Awards.- —Section 44 of the Statutes Amendment Act, 1948, amended the provisions of section 19 of the Shops and Offices Amendment Act, 1927, relating to exemptions from closing-hour provisions. The applicant for exemption is now required to give notice of his application to the union of employers and the union of workers in the particular trade in the district, and these unions are entitled to be heard on the application. A Magistrate may now grant an order if it will not unfairly affect the business of any other shop ; the word " unfairly " replaces the word " substantially," which had been found difficult to interpret. The right to apply for cancellation or variation of an order for exemption is now given not only to 2—H 11
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the occupier of the shop, but also to the employers' and workers' unions concerned. A new subsection is added to make it clear that once the exemption is granted it shall continue in respect of the particular shop until revoked so long as the class of business carried on is not changed, notwithstanding any change in ownership on the making of a new award. (j) Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 (1) The only increase during the year in the rates of wages specified by the various Wage-fixation and Extension Orders has been in the rates for agricultural workers employed on dairy-farms. The Agricultural Workers Wage-fixation Order 1948 increased the minimum rate for adult workers from £5 6s. 6d. to £5 13s. a week (plus board and lodging valued at £1 ss. a week) and provides that this rate shall be deemed to include allowance for work done at week-ends and on holidays as part of the normal week's work. With the exception of this new Order, the prevailing rates set out in last year's report still apply. (2) The following under-rate workers' permits have been issued under the Act during the year :
The total number of permits compares with, previous years as follows : 1946-47 = 337 ; 1947-48 = 333 ; 1948-49 = 416. The increases over last year are mainly in permits for females employed part time, for inexperience, and old age. The largest number of permits was issued in the Hamilton district (100), followed by New Plymouth (43), Auckland (33), and Whangarei (30). Only 105 permits were issued in the whole of the South Island. (k) Accommodation on Farms, &c. (1) Table XXI shows that the inspections of agricultural workers' accommodation have increased from 233, 230, and 232 in the three previous years to 320 in 1948-49, and 92 requisitions for improvements were served, compared with 52 in 1947-48 (Table XXVII). Most of the requisitions have been carried out, although difficulties in obtaining building-materials are holding up some improvements and cause inspectors to be hesitant in issuing requisitions except in serious cases. Inspectors comment favourably on the general standard of accommodation on farms and suggest that farmers are realizing that better living-quarters may help to solve their labour problems and are making improvements voluntarily as labour and materials become available. However, it appears that the standard varies between different parts of the Dominion, some districts reporting that there is room for a good deal of improvement. (2) Reports from districts estimate that there are approximately 2,889 shearingsheds in the Dominion which come within the provisions of the Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919. Only 96 inspections were possible during the year, this being 28 less than last year, but 194 requisitions were served (104 more than last year), of which 67 had
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Type of Work. Part-time Work. Inexperience. Disability. Other Reasons. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. | Comments. 1 Dairy-farms Farms and stations .. Market gardens Orchards Tobacco-growing 4 5 179 2 7 22 2 • 66 72 1 1 1 4 14 30 1 4 1 Includes 11 old age. Includes 27 old age. Old age. 9 181 29 2 141 4 44 6
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been fully complied with by 31st March. The reduced number of inspections is not a serious matter since in many districts all sheds are visited during the season by the union representatives with whom there is a working arrangement that Inspectors need carry out inspections only in the event of complaints being received. The number of complaints has been very small. Nevertheless, a general inspection is very desirable in several districts with large numbers of shearing-sheds, but a wider coverage has been prevented by the inadequate availability of petrol and motor-cars to undertake the country work. (3) Sawmill accommodation, which several years ago was giving considerable concern and was discouraging workers from entering this key industry, has shown a marked improvement. It is estimated that there are 280 sawmills in the Dominion providing accommodation for workers, and a large number of these have been inspected during the year. Thirty-seven requisitions for improvements to housing were served. Considerable improvement in the accommodation position at sawmills has resulted from the housing scheme operated by the State Forest Service, which has received 120 applications from millowners for a total of 528 houses. Of this number, 318 houses have actually been completed and 63 are in process of erection. Millowners have also improved existing accommodation, while the standard of housing provided at several new mills is high. One district has noted a tendency for millers to provide houses in nearby towns, the workers being given free transport to and from the mills. (I) Bush Workers' Act, 194-5 (1) General inspections of bush undertakings during the year numbered 618 and requisitions served numbered 252, compared with 692 inspections and 306 requisitions in the previous year. This reduction was to be expected since 1947-48 was the first full year of administration of the Act, when a wide coverage, though a little superficial, was essential. (2) Requisitions for improvements served during the year may be compared with those for the previous year in the following table :
The reduction in total requisitions is wholly accounted for in the smaller number served in respect of first-aid appliances—a reduction that would be expected in follow-up inspections after the initial coverage of undertakings in the first year. (m) Scaffolding and Excavation Act. 1922 (1) Amendment to Principal Act.—By the Scaffolding and Excavation Amendment Act, 1948, the Principal Act is extended to local-body excavations (previously exempted), to the Crown, to the cleaning of the outsides of buildings (including windows), to timberstacking, and to well-sinking. It is now necessary for notice to be given to an Inspector
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Requisitions Issued. j-\ » J .Requirements. 1947-48. | 1948-49. To fit canopies to logging tractors or repair existing 35 41 canopies To protect machinery, fit guards, &c, 44 38 To repair bridges 41 43 To supply first-aid appliances 166 77 To repair tramways or roads 4 4 To improve ropes, blocks, &c. 23 To repair rolling-stock 5 6 Requirements in respect of working methods, rigging, 11 15 dangerous trees, &c. Other .. .. .. .. .. 1 5 Totals 306 ' 252
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of Scaffolding of the intention to commence the cleaning of buildings or windows where any person engaged in such work is likely to incur the risk of a fall of 12 ft. or more, or of intention to commence the digging of any shaft or well more than 5 ft. in depth. The extension to timber-stacking is to enable this work to be supervised and inspected and unsuitable gear and equipment dealt with, but notice of stacking is not required. Regulations covering the protection of window-cleaners and well-sinkers under the new amendment to the Act are being prepared. (2) Notices received, inspections made, and requisitions served over the last four years .are as follows :
The increase in inspections is a reflection of the success in recruiting and training additional Inspectors, and the wider coverage of districts other than the four main centres. (3) Despite the fact that this Act is an old-established one, reports from Inspectors indicate that, except in the main centres, many contractors disregard or are unaware of their responsibilities under the Act, particularly in relation to small jobs, but increased attention to these areas by Inspectors is bringing greater understanding of the Act. Part of the difficulty may be due to the influx to the building trade of new contractors who have little capital and who endeavour to carry on with as little plant as possible and the minimum of scaffolding timber. Moreover, these contractors are frequently unaware of the full requirements of the Act, but they readily co-operate when Inspectors explain its provisions. In one district the condition of swinging stages gave concern, and some of the gear was condemned on inspection. Considerable improvement followed this action. The provisions of the 1948 Amendment Act gave authority to Inspectors of Scaffolding ■to ensure the "safety of timber stacks and Inspectors found it necessary to order reductions in the height of a number of stacks. (4) In one large district a talk on the Act and regulations was given at the annual meeting of master builders, and lectures were given to building-trade trainees in the Rehabilitation Department's carpentry schools. Several districts have endeavoured to spread a wider knowledge of the legal requirements by sending free copies of the regulations to all members of the Master Builders' Association. (5) Tables XIX and XX in the Appendix show scaffolding accidents by age-groups and cause of accident and compare the totals of recent years. There were 2 fatal accidents in 1948, as follows : A worker who was climbing up to a swinging stage fell when a lighting bracket on which he placed his weight pulled away. A stack of timber on which a man was working collapsed and fell on him, inflicting fatal injuries. (n) Annual Holidays Act, 1944 (1) The majority of employers and employees are now familiar with the requirements of the Act, and the only difficulties in administration are associated with the definition of " ordinary pay " (concerning which many inquiries are reoeived, and a number of Court decisions have been given), the treatment of short-service employees, and the general unpopularity of holiday cards used in respect of engagements of less than three months' duration.
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— 1945-46. 1946-47. 1947-48. 1 1 1948-49. Notices of intention to erect buildings and scaffolding, and 3,980 4,050 3,916 6,013 commence excavations Inspections made 6,842 8,484 10,384 16,033 Requisitions served 2 2 22
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(2) Nearly all factories, offices, wholesalers, and merchants closed down for at least two weeks over the Christmas - New Year period, and this practice now seems to have ■come to stay. Some firms use the opportunity to clean and overhaul machinery and •carry out minor plant adjustments. Fewer retail shops tend to close in most centres, but the closing of many restaurants causes some inconvenience, particularly in the main centres where persons in lodgings are dependent on restaurant meals. In at least -one centre a portion of the retail shops remain open, and when those who take the fortnight's holiday reopen the first group closes for a fortnight—a kind of voluntary roster. A few firms, especially in the building trade and operating under the Timberworkers' award, are taking advantage of the provision of the Act which enables them, by agreement with their employees, to divide the annual holidays into two separate weeks, the practice being to take one week with the Christmas - New Year holidays and the other at Easter. The concentration of holidays during the Christmas - New Year period resulted in transport services, hotels, restaurants, and holiday accommodation houses being taxed to the limits, but most people prefer to take their holidays at this -time and cheerfully accept some inconvenience. (3) A large number of inquiries was received by district offices concerning the -entitlement of short-service workers. Some firms desire to pay a proportionate -allowance to such workers, so that all employees may commence the next qualifying period from the same date. This practice which does not conform with the Act is growing -and has much to commend it, although if a firm closes for a fortnight the worker is without pay for a portion of the time. The greater proportion of employers are paying ;short-service workers in full for the fortnight's holiday, trusting that they will return •and remain for the full year or, in a few instances, securing an agreement from them to refund the portion not due in the event of earlier termination of services. There were some cases of compromise by giving a week's pay, the balance being without pay. The 1947 Amendment to the principal Act appears to have been completely effective in discouraging firms from dismissing workers who have had short service and re-engaging them after the holiday period. (4) The Department is having discussions with representatives of the New Zealand Federation of Labour and the New Zealand Employers' Federation with a view to •considering possible amendments to the Annual Holidays Act to overcome certain difficulties that at present arise in connection with those workers who have not completed twelve months' service at the time that the undertaking closes down for the annual holidays, normally during the Christmas vacation. The effectiveness of the holiday-card system is also being discussed with the organizations referred to. (5) The following are particulars of the amounts paid by the Post and Telegraph Department on surrender of holiday cards in the last three years :
"The Post and Telegraph Department was given considerable trouble by persons trying to cash their cards before the twelve-months period has expired. This is possible only in the event of death or intention to leave the country. Five persons were prosecuted .and convicted for fraudulently altering or presenting cards for payment.
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Year. Number of Transactions During Period. Amount Paid Out During Period. £ s. d. 1946-47 33,977 53,533 17 11 1947-48 40,812 62,428 10 1 1948-49 42,469 62,512 3 8
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(6) Apart from the above-mentioned difficulties, breaches were few, the main ones arising from the difficulty experienced by employers in computing the amount of holiday pay due on termination of the services of employees. This arises out of the complex definition of " ordinary pay " referred to above. (7) Table XXII in the Appendix shows that the alleged breaches by employers requiring investigation totalled 1,223, compared with 1,055 in 1947-48. Warnings issued totalled 775, compared with 871 in the previous year. (o) Public Holidays Amendment Act, 1948 This measure amended the Public Hobdays Act, 1910, by transferring the holiday benefits in those years where Christmas Day and New Year's Day fall on a Saturday. In this event the special conditions prescribed by the Act, award, or agreement for Christmas Day and New Year's Day are applied to work done on the following Mondays, and the special conditions prescribed for work on Boxing Day and 2nd January are applied to work done on the following Tuesdays. It should be noted that this does not transfertile observance of these special holidays, but merely affects the conditions of work. Work performed on the Saturday or Sunday is to be paid for as for any other Saturday or Sunday. Provision is also made for the observance on the following Monday of any provincial anniversary day where such anniversary day falls on a Saturday or Sunday. Section 5 of the Amendment gives effect to the desire that Anzac Day should be observed on 25th April and on no other day by declaring void the provisions in any Act, award, or industrial agreement for the transfer of Anzac Day to any other day. It is still permissible, however, to grant an extra holiday on another day to any worker who is required to work on Anzac Day at ordinary rates. The " Monday-izing " of holidays that fall on Saturdays is a concomitant of the five-day week and places those years in which a holiday (except Anzac Day) falls on a Saturday in the same position as all other years in regard to the number of holidays granted to workers. (p) Servants' Registry Offices Act, 1908 The Department has a responsibility for the registration and inspection of servants' registry offices and the general supervision of their activities. The Department's own employment activities provide most of the placements throughout the country, and there are now only 13 private servants' registry offices in the Dominion, of which only two (one each in Auckland and Wellington) have any substantial number of placements, principally of hotel staffs. Most of the registry offices are attached to other businesses. The number registered in the last four years was : 1945-46, 31; 1946-47, 23 ; 1947-48, 16 ; 1948-49, 13. (q) Sharemilking Agreements Act Almost the whole of the activity under this Act has been confined to the larger dairying districts of the North Island, but even there the number of inquiries for information and advice concerning the requirements of the Act and standard sharemilking agreements tends to decline, probably because of the wider knowledge of the provisions. Information pamphlets have been supplied to a number of farmers and solicitors, and the Department has had a few requests to appoint arbitrators between parties where a dispute has arisen. In several cases district officers have acted as third parties in the settling of disputes.
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Section 4—lndustrial Relations (a) The Court of Arbitration The work of the Court in making awards and approving (for economic stabilization purposes) of industrial agreements is indicated by the following table :
On the 31st March, 1949, there were 615 awards and industrial agreements in force. This figure is an increase of 40 over the total of 575 at 31st March, 1948. ■(b) Conciliation Commissioners The work performed by the three Conciliation Commissioners during the year is indicated below, together with a comparison of the work performed by them in the previous year: — 1947-48. 1948-49. Disputes where complete agreement reached 89 131 Disputes where substantial agreement reached 4 12 Disputes where partial agreement reached .. 36 49 Disputes where no agreement reached .. 1 2 Disputes where sittings were not complete or had been adjourned .. .. .. 12 22 Disputes where claims were withdrawn .. 3 14 Meetings of disputes committees set up under provisions of awards .. .. .. 45 24 Other conferences, &c. .. .. .. 16 22 On the 22nd December, 1948, an additional Conciliation Commissioner was appointed, but about that time the Commissioner who had been located in Wellington was prevented, by an illness which subsequently resulted in his death, from carrying on his duties. s(c) Registration of Industrial Associations and Unions The return required by the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act showing the number of affiliated unions in each industrial association and the number of members in each industrial union as at 31st December, 1948, is appended (see Appendix III). The following figures summarize this return :
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Year ended 31st March, 1948. 1949. Awards made 163 167 Industrial agreements approved 70 55* Amendments to existing awards or industrial agreements 472* 17 Apprenticeship orders made 15 Amendments to existing apprenticeship orders 4 7 Miscellaneous (interpretations, enforcements, &c.) 52 119 ♦The Court during this period amended awards and industrial agreements in line Pronouncement dated 15th August, 1947, and recorded in 47 Book of Awards 1345. with the Standard Wage
— 31st December, 1947. 31st December;, 1948. Number. Membership. If umber. Membership. Employers' associations 21 148 22 150 Employers' unions 278 16,922 277 17,811 Workers' associations 35 185 35 186 Workers' unions .. .. 373 260,379 374 271,100
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(d) Labour Disputes Investigatipn Act, 1913 The number of agreements filed under this Act during the year was 16 (last year, 11). On 31st March, 1949, the number of agreements-in force was also 16 (last year, 11). (e) Industrial Disputes There were 112 industrial disturbances (last year, 113) during the year ended 31st March. These were distributed among the various industries for duration as follows: —
(/) Minimum Wage Act, 1945. This Act, which provides for a minimum wage for all persons of twenty-one years and upwards (with certain limited exceptions), continues to be satisfactorily observed. Details of the alleged breaches which occurred during the year are shown in Table XXII. The Act supplements the wages framework of other statutes and applies principally to domestics and other workers not covered by awards. Some of the workers under awards, however, are also protected by the legislation. The Government proposes to introduce during the coming session an amendment to the Minimum Wage Act to provide for appropriate increases following the standard wage pronouncement of the Court of Arbitration. (g) Minimum, Wage-rates Fixed by Awards and Industrial Agreements (1) The Court of Arbitration, in March, 1949, considered two applications under Regulations 39b and 39c of the Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations for a pronouncement specifying standard rates of wages. The first application was made on behalf of the New Zealand Federated Furniture and Related Trades' Industrial Association of Workers, and sought also an amendment to the New Zealand Furniture Trade Employees' award to increase hourly rates of wages by 6d. an hour, with a proportionate increase in weekly rates. The second application was made on behalf of the New Zealand Flour, Oatmeal, and Pearl-barley Millers' Industrial Union of Employers. Previous applications of this type had been made only by workers' organizations, but on this occasion the employers also sought a pronouncement by the Court. (2) Before the applications were heard by the Court the Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations were amended so that on an application for either a standard wage pronouncement or for a general order amending the provisions of awards and industrial agreements the Court could in either case make a pronouncement or a general order as it thought fit. The amendment also affected the factors which the Court was
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Industry. Up to One Day. More than One Day and Up to Three Days. More than Three Days and Up to Ten Days. Over Ten Days. Go-slow. i Overtime I Refusal. 1 Total. Coal-mining Meat processing, See. Shipping— Watersiders 40 12 8 3 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 47 lf> 16 Seamen 2 2 4 8 Transport Engineering Building and construction 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 5 3 6 Others 5 3 3 1* 12 Total .. 71 12 15 6 3 5 112 *Eire brigades' refusal to perform routine duties.
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required to take into account in making a pronouncement or a general order. Its ►effect was, for example, that in making either a pronouncement or a general order the Court was no longer bound to have regard to the wartime price index which was previously used for measuring changes in the cost of living. It expressly directed the 'Court also to take account of the economic conditions affecting finance, trade, and industry in New Zealand, and relative movements in the incomes of different sections -of the community. The amendment provided, further, that no standard wage pronouncement or general order was to take effect less than one year after the date -on which any previous pronouncement or general order had taken effect. (3) The decision of the Court (issued on the 12th April, 1949) is published in 49 Book of Awards. At the end of the hearing the workers' organization had requested the Court to make a general order on its application, the request being •opposed by the employers. The Court decided that it would make a standard wage pronouncement. It decided that the standard minimum rates of wages for adult male workers will in future be as follows : Skilled workers, 3s. lid. per hour. • Semi-skilled workers, 3s. 6d. to 3s. Bfd. per hour. Unskilled workers, 3s. sd. per hour. The margin between the standard rate for unskilled workers and the standard rate for skilled workers has thus been increased. It was previously s|d. per hour, and will in future be 6d. per hour. (4) The Court stated that it proposed, in amending awards and industrial agreements as a result of the pronouncement, to increase in general the rates of remuneration •of adult female workers by such amount as would bring them to a level approximately 10s. per week above the rates which operated from Ist October, 1947. The rates for junior workers would be adjusted proportionately. (5) The pronouncement was not in itself a general wage order, and therefore had no operative effect. It was merely an indication of the rates of wages up to which rates prescribed in a certain number of awards and industrial agreements were likely to be brought by means of individual amendments. All amendments made to give effect to the pronouncement, it was stated, would operate from Ist June, 1949. (6) Table XYII of the Appendix shows the minimum wage rates in a number of •occupations as at 31st March, 1949. Where there is no Dominion or similar award in force, Wellington rates are shown. {h) Amendments to Legislation (1) The Statutes Amendment Act, 1948 (sections 21-24), amends various provisions of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, and its amendments. (2) Section 21. —This section amends section 89 (8) of the Industrial Conciliation ;and Arbitration Act, 1925, which provides that in making an award the Court of Arbitration may, if in its discretion it thinks fit, direct that any provision of the award relating to the rate of wages to be paid shall have effect as from such date prior to the date of the award as the Court thinks fit. In practice, the Court has not agreed to fix .a retrospective date for the payment of wages when making an award, except in very special cases or unless the parties agreed to such date in Conciliation Council. The effect of the amendment is to repeal subsection (8) and to substitute a new subsection providing that the Court shall, unless it sees good reason to the contrary, fix as a date for the payment of wages under any award the date fixed for the first sitting of the Conciliation Council. The purpose of the amendment is to remove causes of dissatisfaction arising from delay in the making of a new award and the consequent postponement of the date from which wage-increases are likely to operate. The amendment removes any excuse for stoppages of work on this account because workers will know
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that whatever increases are eventually granted will, as a general rule, apply as from the date fixed'for the first hearing in Conciliation Council. There is still, of course, a wide discretion left with the Court, and the Court may fix such other date as it thinksfit, having regard to any undue delay that may have been caused by any party to the dispute between the date of the filing of the application for the hearing of the dispute with the Clerk of Awards and the date of making of the award. It is felt that the provisions of the section will facilitate early settlement of industrial disputes. (3) Section 22. —This section extends the time within which action may be commenced for recovery of arrears of wages payable under an award or industrial agreement from twelve months to two years. Section 146 of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act previously restricted the workers' normal rights of recovery to twelve months.. The amendment, while still restricting the worker's rights to recover wages otherwise lawfully due, extends the restricted period to two years. The Department has had instances where workers have been precluded from recovering arrears of wages otherwise legally payable because of the effect of the twelve months' restriction. This is due very often to*the delay in getting an authoritative opinion from the appropriate Court,, and while on occasions employers have been prepared to agree to waive their right to plead the twelve months' limitation, other employers have refused to do so, and the workers have thereby been precluded from recovering wages which they would otherwise be lawfully entitled to receive. (4) Section 23. —This section enables a society of employers to be registered as a New Zealand union or a North or South Island union if all employers concerned belong to the society. Previously an employers' organization could not be so registered unless there were at least three employers engaged in the industry in each of the industrial districts which the union was intended to cover. One employers' organization covering all the undertakings of the kind concerned in New Zealand desired to, register as a New Zealand union to enable it to take advantage of the procedure of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, but had insufficient members in number to enable it to> do so under the existing legislation. The section concerned removes the disability. (5) Section 24. —This section amends section 2 of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Amendment Act, 1943, and enables an industrial union of workers to commence proceedings for a penalty for a breach of the Act in cases of alleged discrimination or victimization against workers because of their union activities. Previously such action had to be taken by an Inspector of Awards, but cases may arise where the Department for special reasons declines to take action, and the amendment will now permit the union itself to take action if it so desires. Sections —Apprenticeship (a) Administrative Developments (1) Opportunity was taken during 1948 to consolidate the legislation relating to» apprentices. The original Apprentices Act of 1923, and amendments to it of 1925, 1927, 1930, and 1946 were thus all brought together into the Apprentices Act, 1948. The main principles of the existing legislation were left untouched, but opportunity was taken to make a few minor machinery changes designed to make for smoother administration. Part I of the Master and Apprentice Act, 1908 (a reprint in effect of an Act of 1865), was at the same time repealed because it was completely out of keeping with present conditions. (2) During the period covered by this report an additional District Commissioner of Apprenticeship was appointed to work in the Taranaki, Wanganui, and Palmerston North Districts, which initially were within the jurisdiction of the District Commissioner, Wellington.
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|(6) New Zealand Apprenticeship Committees (1) Every industry in which there were local apprenticeship orders prior to 1947 has now a New Zealand Apprenticeship Committee. The twenty-two Committees now registered are for the following industries and groups of industries : baking, bootrepairing, boilermaking and moulding, bricklaying and masonry and plastering, carpentry and joinery, clothing and tailoring, coachbuilding, mechanical dentistry, electrical, mechanical engineering, footwear-manufacturing, furniture, gardening, men's hairdressing, jewellery and watchmaking and engraving, motor engineering, painting, printing and photo-engraving, plumbing, saddlery and leather goods and canvas goods, ship and boat-building and coopering, sheet-metal working. Within these industries there are 111 trades or combinations of trades recognized by the Committees, and specified in the appropriate apprenticeship orders as branches of the industries. (2) Fifteen New Zealand apprenticeship orders (two recommended by one Committee) had been made by the end of March, and applications for a further six had been filed with the Court of Arbitration. Mechanical engineering and footwear-manufacturing are the only industries in which the New Zealand Committees have not yet come to final decisions on their applications for orders. With the making of New Zealand orders by the Court, the previously existing local orders are revoked. Conditions for apprentices thus become uniform throughout New Zealand in each industry, and particularly in the smaller industries are brought up to date, for in some cases the local order had been made as long ago as 1925. One practice is now universal —that of setting out the wages of apprentices as percentages of the rates received by journeymen in the relevant industry. (The practice was first instituted by the Court in 1945 in amending local orders.) The most commonly used scale of percentages runs by 6 per-cent. intervals from 23 per cent, in an apprentice's first period to 77 per cent, in his final period. <c) The Education of Apprentices (1) Now that New Zealand Apprenticeship Committees have been set up and the bulk of New Zealand apprenticeship orders made there is a change of emphasis in the activities of the Committees and of the Apprenticeship Division of the Department. A number of orders make provision for the technical education of apprentices during normal working-hours and the organization of these " daylight" classes is a big task, in which the Education Department and technical and other schools are co-operating to the fullest extent possible. (2) Up to the present year technical education of apprentices has been carried on in evening classes, and occasionally on Saturday mornings. To send apprentices to school in daytime means, therefore, that an immediate problem to be solved is that of finding accommodation for them in schools which already have their available space used to the utmost by full-time scholars. While that problem is being solved (not without difficulty) by the schools and the Education Department the New Zealand Committees concerned are busying themselves over questions of syllabuses of instruction and the ■organization arising from the answers to those questions. (3) The technical schools, and some high schools in districts where one such school serves all the purposes of the district, have had a new element introduced into their planning for apprentice classes. This new element is the New Zealand Apprenticeship Committee, for the apprenticeship orders use such words as " where the New Zealand Committee is satisfied that a school, &c.," and " a syllabus approved by the New Zealand Committee." Each Committee includes " a person conversant with technical education," nominated by the Director of Education, and those persons are of great .assistance to the Committees through their knowledge of schools and syllabuses.
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(4) Tlie principle of daylight training was unanimously recommended to the Courtby the Committees in the following industries, and the necessary powers have been included in the relevant order : baking, boot-repairing, mechanical dentistry, hairdressing,. jewellery and watchmaking, motor engineering, and printing and photo-engraving.. Employers' representatives opposed its introduction in the following industries, but after hearing argument the Court has made provision for some form of training during normal working-hours : furniture, plumbing, ship and boat building. No provision for classes in working-hours has so far been made in the recommendations of the following Committees : clothing, coachbuilding, gardening, painting, saddlery. (5) At the beginning of the school year (February-March, 1949) daylight classesin motor engineering were started in five schools in New Zealand. These were the only schools which the New Zealand Committee was satisfied had at that time the accommodation, staffing, and equipment to meet the requirements of the syllabus of instructionlaid down by the New Zealand Motor Trade Certification Board. About the same time classes in plumbing began in eight schools, four of which were also taking motor apprentice classes. The New Zealand Plumbing and Gasfitting Apprenticeship Committeehas had an advantage in setting classes going in its industry in that most , schools alreadyhad a plumbing workshop not used for any other purpose. As soon as instructors can be found to take daytime classes in further schools such classes will be opened. (6) With little more than a month's experience of daylight classes it is too early yet for any one to pass judgment on them. All that can be said is that in nine schoolsthe new venture is away to a good start.. (d) Local Apprenticeship Committees At 31st March there were 177 local Apprenticeship Committees in New Zealand. These Committees are an essential part of apprenticeship administration, and their members render valuable service *to the community. (e) Statistics of Apprentices Details of the numbers of apprenticeship contracts in force at 31st March, 1949,. and of the numbers of new contracts entered into during the twelve months up to that date, are given in Table XVIII in the Appendix to this report. (A figure given in reports since 1940 —the number of apprentices whose contracts were suspended while they were in the Armed Forces —is no longer mentioned.) There were 12,868 contractsof apprenticeship in force on 31st March, an increase of 50 on last year's figures. Thenumber of new contracts entered into is 3,925, which is higher by 529 than last year'srecord figure. Of the new contracts, 1,421 were in the building trades. (/) Lodging-allowances for Apprentices Lodging-allowances for apprentices obliged to live away from home to learn their trades have been paid to such apprentices since January, 1948. At 31st March, 1949, there were 885 such allowances being paid. (g) Adult Apprenticeships As was forecast in the report for last year, the number of special contracts of apprenticeship approved by the Court of Arbitration (for such persons over the age of eighteen as desired to enter into special contracts of apprenticeship) has declined further", the number being 88 as against 113 of last year.
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Section 6 —Home Aid Service (a) Administrative Developments (1) The purpose of the Home Aid Service is to render assistance in homes, particularly in emergency cases, where the housewife is incapacitated due to maternity or sickness. In keeping with other occupations, the Service suffers from the general acute shortage of female workers, and in consequence it has been found impossible to recruit the complement of Aids necessary to extend the scheme's coverage to the full demand from householders. It accordingly still remains necessary to allocate aids in accordance with the relative priority and emergency of the applications received. (2) During the year efforts were continued to augment the number of Aids employed in order to meet the needs of homes in which domestic assistance was needed. Publicity in the form of radio announcements and newspaper advertisements was arranged with some success. In addition, new Aids were gained from the Department's assisted immigration scheme, and in consequence the average number of Aids employed throughout the year was higher than that for the previous year. During the coming year publicity will be intensified within New Zealand, and the efforts of the Department's officers in the United Kingdom to enrol a greater number of assisted immigrants for the Service in New Zealand will continue. (3) The two Home Aid hostels at Auckland and Wellington respectively continue to provide comfortable accommodation for Aids in a homely atmosphere appropriate to the nature of their work. The hostels are also used extensively as training centres for inexperienced girls joining the Service to qualify them for the status of certificateholder —i.e., all-round competency to carry out the normal household duties expected by the householder during the wife's incapacity. (4) The charge to householders for the services of a Home Aid is fixed at 2s. 3d. per hour—i.e., 18s. per day or £4 10s. for a full week. In cases where the financial circumstances of the householder are such that payment of the full charge would create hardship the Department may reduce the charges in direct relation to the income available and to the degree of hardship assessed. Applications from householders for this relief are individually determined by the Department's district officers. (5) Aids work normally a forty-hour five-day week, but in special cases it is necessary to arrange for them to " live in " with the household. Their duties are then spread over six days, and their hours are necessarily more flexible and invariably longer. (b) Activities for the Twelve Months A table summarizing the activities of the Service for the twelve months ended 31st March, 1949, is included in the Appendix (Table IX), and shows the numbers of Aids employed from month to month, with a summary of cases. Section 7—Personnel Advisory Service (1) In industry there are many problems which affect the relationship between management and workers which have direct bearings on efficiency and smooth running, and which lead to lowered morale, excessive turnover, and a low output if not remedied. Faults in lighting cause eye-strain, headaches, and irritability. Defects in lay-out and organization cause uneven flows of work, which exasperate operatives and undermine the harmony and discipline of a workshop. Because of inadequate procedures in introducing workers to new jobs and in follow-up, workers leave again after a few days or weeks. Faults in the handling of people by supervisory staff " get peoples' backs up." Often such things are difficult to diagnose and more difficult to remedy. They occur in even the best-equipped factories and under managements which are conscientiously doing their best. Hence the place for an expert in this field of personnel problems has
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become widely recognized in the leading industrial countries. In establishing a personnel advisory service the Department aims at providing expert voluntary assistance to industry in this field, either in a consultant capacity with personnel officers and similar executives or by actually making investigations into specific problems at the request of individual employers. (2) The Department established its Personnel Advisory Service early in 1948 with the appointment of a highly-qualified officer with wide practical experience in Great Britain. This officer has necessarily required time to familiarize himself with New Zealand industries and to establish contacts with employers' and workers' organizations and with individual employers. In recent months a commencement in actual field service has been made in the Wellington and Lower Hutt districts, and this will be further extended as circumstances warrant. (3) Service on specific problems has been rendered in nineteen instances and has included advice, on ventilation and lighting problems, production bottlenecks, lay-out problems, selection of staff for specialized work, and excessive labour turnover. In addition, a number of addresses on personnel problems have been given to various groups and organizations, and a larger number of preliminary or general discussions with individual firms or organizations have taken place. Section B—Training Within Industry for Supervisors (T.W.1.) (1) An outline of the purpose, methods, organization, and development of the Training Within Industry for Supervisors scheme (commonly known as T.W.1.) was given in the report of the Department for the year ended 31st March, 1948. (2) During the past year the Department has concentrated on launching the Job Instruction Programme in Wellington and Auckland. This ten-hour programme is presented in five two-hour sessions to groups of not more than ten persons whose work involves the supervision of others. It aims at developing skill in instructing so that learners will be brought to full competence quickly, with interest and without unnecessary effort, errors, and loss of production. (3) In the year under review 734 supervisors have been trained in the Job Instruction Programme, comprising 292 in Wellington and Lower Hutt, 320 in Auckland, and 122 in other towns. The total number trained since the commencement of the scheme in 1947 is 951, comprising 506 in Wellington, 323 in Auckland, and 122 in other towns. Of these, 561 were employed in manufacturing industries, 321 in Government Departments, 44 in hospitals, 11 in retail establishments, 10 in the building industry, and 4 in other fields. (4) Thirty-two members of firms and Government Departments have been trained during the year as Firms' Trainers to enable them to undertake the training of supervisors in the Job Instruction Programme within their own establishments. These Firms' Trainers have trained 314 of the 734 supervisors trained during the year, the remainder of 420 having been trained by this Department's District Trainers. (5) At present the Department has two -District Trainers —one in Wellington and one in Auckland. These officers are engaged in giving employers a full understanding of the Job Instruction Programme, in training supervisory staffs in the programme where employers so desire, and in follow-up work to assist employers and supervisors in the application of T.W.I, techniques in order to obtain the fullest advantages from them. In the coming year it is hoped to provide for the introduction of the scheme to other centres — particularly Christchurch and Dunedin —and some preliminary work has already been done to this end. (6) It is pleasing to record that firms which have fully adopted the T.W.I, method of job instruction have spoken most appreciatively of the increased production, elimination of waste, and general increased efficiency and improved morale resulting from its use.
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Section 9—lnternational Labour Organization (1) The report of the Government delegates to the Thirty-first Session of the International Labour Conference has already been presented as Parliamentary Paper A-7a, 1948. The following conventions and recommendation were adopted by the< Conference. (i) Employment Service Convention, 1948. —The convention requires that a free public service to achieve and maintain full employment be established consisting of a national system of employment offices. It shall provide effective placement facilities and shall include arrangements for co-operation of employers and workers through Advisory Committees. New Zealand's National Employment Service meets the requirements of the convention and ratification is under consideration. (ii) Employment Service Recommendation, 1948.—This recommendation deals in more detail with the matters covered by the convention. There is nothing in it contrary to New Zealand practice. (iii) Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948.—This convention in general provides that workers and employers shall have the right to establish and join organizations of their own choosing without previous authorization and that the right to organize shall be protected by law. The convention is being studied with a view to ratification. (iv) Nigh Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948.—1n general the convention prohibits night work of women in industry, " night " signifying a period of at least eleven consecutive hours, seven of these hours falling between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. It is a revision of earlier conventions in the direction of greater flexibility. As New Zealand has already ratified the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1934, ratification of this contention should present little difficulty. (v) Night Work of Young Persons (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1948.—As the Convention in general prohibits night work of young persons in industry under eighteen years of age, ratification would involve changes in the law. (2) New Director-General. —Following the retirement of Mr. E. J. Phelan, Mr. David A. Morse, - United States Acting-Secretary of Labour, was elected by the Governing Body of the 1.L.0. at its one hundred and fifth session in June, 1948, as the Director-General of the 1.L.0. (3) Membership of the I.L.O.—With the admission of Ceylon, El Salvador, and the Republic of the Philippines at the Thirty-first Session of the Conference, membership now stands at 59 countries. (4) Publications of the I.L.O.—Apart from special studies and reports, the following regular publications continue to be received : International Labour Review (Monthly) contains articles on economic and social topics, statistics of employment, wages, cost of living, &c. Legislative Series. —Reprints and translations of industrial and social laws and regulations of all countries. Industrial Safety Survey.—Contains articles and information on problems of accident prevention. Year-Book of Labour Statistics.—-Contains statistics of employment, hours of work, wages, prices, migration, &c. Official Bulletin.—Contains official documents and information concerning the 1.L.0., including the texts adopted by the Conference and other meetings. These publications are always available at the library of the Department to persons concerned with industrial and social work. (5) Permanent Migration Committee of the I.L.O.—The Third Session of the Committee took place in Geneva from the 13th to 27th January, 1949. The agenda was as follows :—• I. Revision of the Migration for Employment Convention, 1939, and accompanying recommendations. 11. Formulation of Principles Concerning Migration for Land Settlement. 111. Migration within the Man Power Programme of the 1.L.0. IY. Migration and re-settlement of " Specialists." V. Methods to Further Exchanges of Trainees, Including the Preparation of a Model Agreement. New Zealand was represented by Mr. T. P. Davin, Assistant External Affairs Officer, Office of the High Commissioner for New Zealand, London.
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The conclusions reached, will be submitted to the various Governments. Revised texts of the Migration for Employment Convention and recommendations were adopted which will form a basis for discussion of the relevant item on the agenda of the thirty-second Session of the Conference (set out hereunder) : (6) Meeting of Social Security Experts, New Zealand, 1950. —In last year's annual report it was mentioned that the Governing Body of the 1.L.0. had decided to reconstitute the Correspondence Committee on Social Insurance. The new Committee is known as the Committee of Social Security Experts. Its first meeting was held in Montreal in May, 1948, and was attended by Mr. B. F. Waters, Director, Social Security Department. The Governing Body has accepted with appreciation the New Zealand Government's invitation to hold the next meeting of the Committee in New Zealand in the early part of 1950. (7) The Thirty-second Session of the International Labour Conference will open in Geneva on Bth June, 1949. The agenda is as follows : I. Director-General's Report. 11. Financial and Budgetary Questions. 111. Reports on the Application of Conventions. IV. Application of the Principles of the Right to Organize and to Bargain Collectively (second discussion). Y. Industrial Relations, Comprising Collective Agreements, Conciliation, and Arbitration, and Co-operation Between Public Authorities and Employers' and Workers' Organizations (first discussion). VI. Labour Clauses in Public Contracts (second discussion). VII. Protection of Wages (second discussion). VIII. Wages : General Report. IX. Vocational Guidance (second discussion). X. Revision of the Fee-charging Employment Agencies Convention, 1933. . XI. Migration for Employment: Revision of the Migration for Employment Convention, 1939, the Migration for Employment Recommendation, 1939, and the Migration for Employment (Co-operation Between States) Recommendation, 1939. XII. Partial Revision of the Social Security (Seafarers) Convention, 1946 (No. 70), the Paid Vacations (Seafarers) Convention, 1946 (No. 72), the Accommodation of Crews Convention, 1946 (No. 75), and the Wages, Hours of Work, and Manning (Sea) Convention, 1946 (No. 76). New Zealand will be represented by the following delegation : For the Government— Mr. J. Thorn, High Commissioner for New Zealand in Canada. Mr. H. Parsonage, Assistant Director of Employment. Mr. D. T. C. Brayshay, Senior Inspector of Factories (Adviser). Miss L. Percell, Secretary of Auckland Shop Assistants' Union (Adviser). For the employers— Mr. J. R. Hanlon, Assistant Secretary, New Zealand Employers' Federation. Mr. S. I. McKenzie, Secretary, Manawatu-Wairarapa Employers' Association (Adviser). For the workers Mr. A. W. Croskery, President, New Zealand Federation of Labour. Mr. L. A. Hadley, National Executive Member, Federation of Labour (Adviser). (8) The aim of the 1.L.0. is to foster universal social justice. The summary above shows that the Organization is steadily, though unspectacularly, pursuing this aim, and that in this work New Zealand continues to play its part.
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Section 10—Other Statutes {a) Tenancy Legislation (1) During the year the provisions of the Fair Rents Act, 1936, and various .amendments, and that part of the Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 and amendments dealing with rents, &c., were consolidated and amended under the title of the Tenancy Act, 1948. This Act, which was assented to and became operative on the 3rd December, 1948, gave permanence to legislation which was previously temporary. (2) There has been insufficient time to report on the modifications and new provisions introduced, but a summary of the more important alterations may be usefully made. (3) In Part II officers administering the Act are designated Rents Officers, these to include all Inspectors of Factories. " Rent " has been defined as " including any valuable consideration in money or money's worth that is part, of or in substitution for -any rent." All property is covered except licensed premises or agricultural properties leased for a period of two years or more. These last two classes are subject to the provisions of the Servicemen's Settlement and Land Sales Act, 1943. (4) The previous provisions prohibiting the payment of a premium on the granting -or transferring of a tenancy have been extended to require the consent of the Land Valuation Court to the payment of any sum other than the rent, the value of chattels, •or the replacement cost of stock. * (5) Part 111, dealing with the recovery of possession, incorporates important alterations. A new provision covers tenancies where the landlord is the employer of the tenant and the contract of employment is terminated. The provision that an owner who desires his dwellinghouse for his own use and occupation is required to provide alternative accommodation or prove greater hardship is relaxed in the case of an owner who has owned the dwelling for a period of five years, and in the case of an agebeneficiary under the Social Security Act who has owned the dwelling for two years. In the latter case the question is decided on the grounds of relative hardship only. (6) The previous provision that an owner who had regained possession in certain •circumstances could not relet or sell within a period of six months has been extended to two years. (7) Further provisions allow for the recovery of excess land for building purposes .and also give the right of access to a landlord to convert a dwelling into self-contained flats, the existing tenant to be granted the tenancy of one of the flats upon completion. (8) The special protection against eviction afforded ex-servicemen and their dependents terminated on the 31st March, 1949, with the exception of men still serving. In the latter case protection terminates twelve months after the serviceman ceases to render full-time service as such or twelve months after his death on service. (9) A new section makes it an offence to eject the tenant of a dwellinghouse except pursuant to an order of the Court or with the tenant's consent. (10) The duty of requisitioning empty dwellings, other than those ordinarily used for holiday purposes, rests with local authorities. A survey undertaken shows that only one house has been compulsorily let under this Part of the Act, but it is the opinion of departmental officers that the existence of these provisions has induced owners to keep their dwellings occupied, either by selling or relettings. (11) Part IV covers miscellaneous provisions, the more important of these being the power taken to require a landlord to effect repairs to a dwellinghouse ; a provision making it an offence for a landlord to deny to a tenant of a dwelling any of the amenities •of the tenancy ; a provision making it an offence to " squat "in a dwelling ; and provisions facilitating the ejectment of " squatters."
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(b) -Weights and Measures Act, 1925 (1) The following table shows the verification and reverification work carried out on weights and measures and weighing and measuring instruments :
(2) Inspection work covering the requirements of the regulations as to net weightand standard weight of packages, the sale of firewood, coke, and coal, and the provisionsrelating to the weight of bread was carried out as follows :
(3) New Appliances. —Eighteen appliances presenting novel features were dealt with during the year. Of this number, 15 were approved and 3 were still under review on 31st March. In six cases modifications to the original design of patterns submitted were found necessary. Details are : Approved — A liquid-flow meter for the measurement of lubricating-oils. A liquid-flow meter intended for use for retail purposes on petrol-service' stations. Three liquid-flow meters for large bulk deliveries. A length-measuring instrument for the measurement of bolts of fabric. A spring balance of 200 lb. capacity. A self-indicating dial platform scale of 6,250 lb. capacity. A self-indicating dial platform scale of 750 lb. capacity. A self-indicating dial platform scale of 38 lb. capacity. A self-indicating dial platform scale of 1\ cwt. capacity. A self-indicating dial platform scale of 15 cwt. capacity. A steelyard platform scale of 1,000 lb. capacity. A semi-self-indicating and price-computing counter-scale of 14 lb. capacity, A self-indicating and price computing counter scale of 2 lb. capacity. Under review— A liquid-flow meter for the measurement of lubricating-oils. A self-indicating counter scale of 4 lb. capacity. A dormant self-indicating dial platform scale of 20 cwt. capacity.
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1947-48. 1948-49. Article. Submitted. Rejected or Adjusted. Submitted Rejected or Adjusted. Weights Measures Weighing-instruments Measuring-instruments Milk and oil bottles 33,548 5,570 22,635 4,553 2,127,539 7,601 180 2,825 981 27,306 40,543 6,428 26,985 5,962 2,846,202 7.819 376 3,998 1,577 . 26,313
—- 1947-48. 1948-49. Packages checked 31,446 42,703 Found incorrect 2,622 3,492 Bags of coal checked 877 778 Found incorrect 196 236 Loaves of bread checked 10,076 7,816 Found incorrect 1,597 898
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(4) Work done for Fijian Administration : Correction and verification work was -completed on four yard end measures. (c) Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 (1) The Workers' Compensation Amendment Act, 1947, was referred to in last year's report. The amendment altering the amounts of compensation payable came into force on Ist April, 1948. (2) During the year ended 31st March, 1949, the State Fire Insurance Office has •completed arrang'ements for handling the Employers' Liability Insurance Account, to which all employers' indemnity business will be transferred from private insurance companies (other than mutual insurance companies) as from Ist April, 1949. The rates of premiums payable to the Employers' Liability Insurance Account and the procedure for assessing premiums are set out in the Emplovers' Liability Insurance Regulations 1949 (Serial No. 1949/20). (3) The Compensation Court has had before it applications for exemption from the obligation to insure with the State Fire Insurance Office in the case of—(a) Contributors to the General Trust Fund established under the New Zealand Rules of Racing. (b) Education Boards and local authorities. (c) Eight mutual insurance companies and associations named in the Act. In dealing with these applications the Court has called on the Department to examine and report on the applications, and this has led to requests for various amendments in rules or articles of association which usually have been readily agreed to by the applicants. (4) Amending Legislation during 1948-49.—(i) Finance Act, 1948 : Section 30 of this statute extended the time for giving notice and commencing proceedings on claims arising out of the fire which destroyed the premises of J. Ballantyne and Co., Ltd., Ohristchurch, on 18th November, 1947. (ii) Tubercubsis Act, 1948: Section 23 of this statute makes special provision for compensation for workers who contract tuberculosis while employed or deemed to be employed by any Hospital Board or in any institution or service under the control of the Department of Health (including any public institution within the meaning of the Mental Defectives Act, 1911). The section is made applicable in certain circumstances to those who had already contracted the disease at the time of coming into force of the Act. (iii) Statutes Amendment Act, 1948. —Section 47 corrects'an anomaly in the Workers' Compensation Act, 1922, as to the method of assessing compensation for dependants consequent upon the death of a worker. Section 14 of the principal Act provided that the benefit under the insurance policy was to be excluded. Section 47 of the Statutes Amendment Act, 1948, now provides for the exclusion of other benefits and is in harmony with section 7 of the Law Reform Act, 1936, as to damages recoverable under the Deaths by Accident Compensation Act, 1908. Section 11 —Administration and Staff (a) General The merger of the Labour Department and National Employment Service as the Xi Department of Labour and Employment," which formed part of the main theme of last year's report, can now be claimed to be complete and the new Department fully integrated. , The two sections of Head Office were able to come together in the one building during the year, but definite inconvenience will continue until necessary alterations in the layout of the building have been completed. Accommodation difficulties have
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been resolved in most district offices. By and large, the Department is operating with* greatly increased efficiency, and the figures contained in other sections of this report reveal the wider service given to the public and the expanded attention given to theadministration of the various statutes and regulations for which the Department is responsible. (b) Inspection Staff Reference has already been made to the much larger volume of inspections which has been achieved in 1948-49. This was due to several factors : (if the results of the training programme undertaken in the previous year; (ii) the release of experienced inspectors from training work when the initial training programme was completed ; (iii) the increase in the inspection staff during the year. Besides adding to the number of Factory Inspectors, it was possible to increase the number of Scaffolding Inspectors materially through the appointment from outside the Public Service of applicants with suitable technical backgrounds. Additional trainee Inspectors of Factories were appointed from within the service by the transfer of a number of suitable officers from other Departments and the diversion of some of this Department's clerical staff. (e) jFactories Inspectors' Examination Regulations 1949 These regulations which were gazetted at the end of March, establish the FactoriesInspectors' Examination Board and prescribe the syllabus of the examination which must be passed before an officer may qualify for appointment as an Inspector of Factories under the Factories Act, 1946. It is expected that many trainee Inspectors will present themselves for the first of these examinations to be conducted this year. (d) Staff Training During the year six courses have been held for senior district officers, five in industrial administration and one in employment problems. Nine trainee Factory Inspectors, recently passed through a special course in Head Office and Wellington District Office before commencing practical assignments, while six more experienced inspectors commenced a nine-months' course in sanitary inspection at the Wellington Technical College in association with officers of the Health Department. Training measures for the junior staff have been continued by the Personnel and Staff Training Officer, whohas visited each district office and met all new appointees. As a further training measure, nearly all supervisory and sub-controlling officers from Head Office and the Wellington and Lower Hutt district offices have passed through the T.W.I. Job Instruction Course.. (e) Liaison With Health D&partment The closest liaison is being maintained with the Health Department in the promotion of industrial welfare, and particular reference should be made to the co-operation received from Dr. Garland, Director of the Division of Industrial Hygiene, who has lectured to and worked in the closest collaboration with Factory Inspectors. In order to extend this mutual co-operation the Health Department has appointed Industrial. Hygienists in the four main centres* and these specialist medical officers, together with their industrial nurse assistants, are being located in this Department's offices for working purposes. In Wellington and Christchurch the arrangement is already in operation and is proving to be very helpful to both Departments. (/) Other Staff Matters (1) The immigration staff, both in London and New Zealand, has been slightly increased to cope with the new Displaced Persons and Nominations Schemes and witk the larger number of immigrant arrivals in the Dominion.
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(2) Tlie staff of hostels and camps shows no significant increase. Towards the end of the year decentralization from Head Office to district offices of hostel accounting was completed, and the former now maintains only a general control of these operations through control accounts in Head Office and visits by inspecting officers. During the year practically all supervisory positions in hostels and camps, previously filled by temporary officers, were made permanent in accordance with the general Public Service policy. (3) A new development was the formation of an Organization and Methods Committee in Head Office. Its functions are to review the procedure, systems, and clerical machinery of the Department and generally to foster the development of the most efficient methods and the deletion or prevention of unfruitful routine. A number of very useful suggestions has been received from the staff for the saving of labour or the more efficient performance of work, and the Committee of its own volition has been able to effect a number of worthwhile improvements. (4) The following tables analyse the staff employed at the date of this report: —
Location of Staff Employed as at 31st March, 1949
Group Analysis of Staff Employed as at 31st March, 1949
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1 Total, Total, 1 Males. Females. 31st March, 31st March,. 1949. 1948. Head Office 95 44 139 138 District offices 423 146 569 542 Secondments to London 10 1 11 10 London staff recruited in Great Britain 7 27 34 30 Courts and Tribunals 5 3 8 10 Camps and hostels, including domestic staff (but 55 84 139 137 excluding caterers' staffs and staffs of hostels operated by Y.W.C.A.) Home Aids 55 55 60 Totals 595 360 955 927
Total, Total, Nature of Work. Males. Females. 31st March, 31st March, 1949. 1948. Inspectors of Factories 120 7 127* 105* Inspectors of Weights and Measures 23 23* 20* Inspectors of Scaffolding 12 12* 8* Fair rents 14 2 16* 16* Apprenticeship .. .. 18 18* 16* Surveys, statistics, monthly and other returns 24 6 30* 35* Research, library, and investigation 13 3 16 13 Accounts and stores 53 10 63* 61* Shorthand-typists 1 93 94 98 Records 30 26 56* 60* Immigration— Total, London staff 17 28 45 40 Total, New Zealand staff 19 2 21 18 Home Aids 55 55 60 HostelsSupervisory 16 19 35 31 Domestic, cooking, and cleaning 39 65 104 106 Administrative, supervisory, and general clerical, 196 44 240 240 including placement and employment staff Totals 595 360 955 927 * Includes only officers engaged substantially full time on these duties.
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Section 12 —Finance and Expenditure (a) Vote, "Labour and Employment" (£1,281,299 Net) (1) Expenditure by the Department of Labour and Employment is subject to annual appropriation by Parliament in terms of the Public Revenues Act, 1926, and provision is made for this expenditure to be met from the Consolidated Fund under vote, " Labour and Employment." This vote is divided into five subdivisions set out below. The figures shown against the total vote above and the amount against each subdivision is the net expenditure in each case after the sums received by the Department under the Treasury revenue item " Departmental receipts" have been deducted. (2) Subdivision I: Administration (£3B-5,066 Net). —An increase in expenditure of £25,249 recorded under this vote for administration expenses is attributable to the present shortage of cadets and consequent necessity of employing adults at a higher remuneration and a general salary increase of £25 per annum from Ist October, 1947. Expenditure concerned with fitting up accommodation consequent upon the amalgamation, although completed in some instances prior to 31st March, 1948, did not come to charge until last financial year. Additional inspection work undertaken by departmental inspectors, and more numerous and frequent meetings of New Zealand and local Apprenticeship Committees, resulted in increased expenditure compared with those items in the previous year. (3) Subdivision II: Employment (£337,831 Net).- —The main items of expenditure under this subdivision were — (i) Accommodation for workers (camps and hostels, including Public Service but excluding immigration hostels) — £ • £ Capital expenditure .. .. .. .. 228,901 Less capital receipts .. .. .. .. 1,386 Net capital expenditure .. .. 227,515 Operational expenditure .. .. .. 126,521 Less board receipts .. .. .. .. 120,399 Cash working surplus .. .. .. 6,122 Net capital and operational expenditure .. £233,637 (ii) Home Aid Service — £ £ Capital cost of hostels, including equipment .. .. .. 378 Hostel-operating costs .. .. .. .. 2,051 • Less board receipts .. . '. .. .. 1,011 Cash working deficit .. .. .. 1,040 Operating-expenses for Home Aid Service (excluding hostel expenses) .. .. .. .. 13,892 Less payments by householders .. .. .. 9,061 Net operation charges (excluding hostels) .. 4,831 Net capital and operational expenditure .. .. £6,249 The excess of £4,831 of operational expenses (excluding hostel costs) over payments by householders for services rendered is accounted for mainly by reductions in charges for necessitous cases.
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(iii) Promotion of Employment: Details of employment promotion expenditure are shown in the following table. It will be noted that the expenditure for 1948-49 was £97,945, compared with £88,740, in the previous year,Oi increase of £9,205 :
(4) Subdivision III: Immigration (£509,283 Net). —The main items of expenditure under this subdivision were : £ £ (i) Passage-money for immigrants .. .. .. 150,989 Less payments .. .. .. .. 14,433 Net payments for passage-money .. 136,556 (ii) Accommodation for immigrants— Capital expenditure .. .. .. .. 48,001 Less capital recoveries .. .. .. 85 Net capital cost .. .. .. 47,916 Operational expenditure .. .. .. 38,624 Less board receipts .. .. .. 22,653 Cash working deficit .. .. .. - 15,989 (iii) Beconversion of " Atlantis " to increase carrying-capacity .. 50,000 (iv) Charter costs of" Atlantis " .. .. .. .. 247,070 (v) Salaries and expenses, High Commissioner's Office .. .. 10,870 (vi) Other expenses .. .. .. ... .. .. 882 Net cost of immigration .. .. .. £509,283 (5) Subdivision IV : Industrial Courts, Tribunals, Committees, &c. (£26,817 Net). — The expenditure under this heading covers the expenses of the Arbitration and Compensation Courts, Conciliation Commissioners, and Emergency Disputes C6mmittees. Salaries accounted for £8,487 of the above figure, and the balance of £18,330 was expended on allowances and expenses. (6) Subdivision V: Waterfront Control (£22,302 Net). —The main item under this section is a grant of £17,230 towards the expenses of the Waterfront Commission. (b) War Expenses Account Expenditure which prior to Ist April, 1948, would have been debited to this Department's section of War Expenses Account is now included under Subdivision I of the Department's vote.
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Year ended Year ended 31st March, 1949. 31st March, 1948. £ £ Scheme 13 .. .. 62,550 76,442 Subsidized training in industry 415 176 Subsidized training for shearers 206 281 Youths' farm settlement 546 1,112 Insurance of workers 1 13 Separation allowances 4,213 i 5,636 Travelling-expenses of workers 6,826 4,351 Allowances to apprentices 23,129 722 Miscellaneous .. .. 59 7 97,945 88,740
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The following credits, however, have been received during the year ended 31st March, 1949, from the Disposal of Surplus Assets, which were originallv purchased from r ar Expenses Account: £ Administration expenses . . . . . . 15 Defaulters', detention camps .. .. .. 6,507 Emergency Fire Service . . . .. .. 15 Emergency Precautions Scheme.. .. .. 1,772 Industrial mobilization .. .. .. 8,049 Women's Land Service .. . . .. 3,269 £19,627 PART lII—DISTRICT ACTIVITIES Whangarei District The employment position has remained buoyant, there being 209 notified vacancies for males and females unsatisfied at 31st March, 1949, as compared with 205 at 31st March, 1948. The past year has seen some.expansion of existing undertakings. • A recent interesting industrial development has been the installation of plant for the manufacture of driedmilk products at Maungaturoto, Dargaville, and Kaitaia dairy factories. The work of the Department in promoting employment is reflected in the downward trend in the number of unemployed. The number of disengaged workers enrolled ■at the end of each month in 1948-49 was appreciably lower than the figures for the two previous years with the exception of December, when a temporary unemployment problem arose at Te Hapua due to the working-out of gumfields. This was substantially met by the placement of man}" of the enrolees in suitable employment elsewhere. The number of workers in this district interested in seasonal employment in Nelson has grown steadily since the inception of the scheme. During the past year the local office of the Department arranged employment for 68 persons seeking work in Nelson. Auckland District This district, containing within its boundaries one-fifth of the population of New Zealand, gives employment in a wide range of industries to nearly one-quarter of the total labour force of the country. In common with other main centres, secondary industry, which in Auckland employs about 45 per cent, of all male labour and over 35 per cent, of women and girls in industry, is widely diversified, giving opportunity for the employment of a great number of different skills. The most important groups of secondary industries are the engineering and metal working group and building and construction, employing about one-eighth and one-tenth respectively of the total male labour for the district, and the textiles, clothing, and leather group, employing more than one-fifth of female workers. Tertiary industries claim over 40 per cent, of male and 60 per cent', of female workers, the most important employers of male labour being the transport and communications group and the distribution and finance group (including wholesale and retail trades). More than one-fifth of all female workers are employed in each of the public administration and professional and the distribution and finance groups.
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Vacancies. —The total number of vacancies for male workers at 31st March, 1949,. was 1,583, compared with 2,625 at 31st March, 1948. Although notified vacancies for skilled and unskilled adults have reduced considerably, it is worthy of note that juvenile vacancies, which numbered 898 at 31st March, 1948, had fallen by no more than 14 at 31st March, 1949. Notified vacancies for female workers fell from 2,419 at 31st March, 1948, to 1,773at 31st March, 1949. Positions available for skilled females fell by 319 and for unskilled by 457, but the demand for juveniles rose by 120, reaching 674 at 31st March, 1949. Generally, it appears that the shortage of labour has passed the peak in this district except for juvenile workers. This is confirmed by the fact that during the year employersshowed greater discrimination in the selection of labour. Manufacturing'lndustries.—The number of notified male vacancies totalled 582 at 31st March, 1949, compared with 1,485 at the end of the previous year. The engineering and metalworking industries required 353 (including 163 skilled) workers, as compared with 720 at 31st March, 1948. This is due in part to (i) easing of the employment situation, (ii) shortages of materials, particularly steel and coke. Despite a substantial fall in the number of vacancies offering, female labour remains in short supply in both the clothing and footwear manufacturing industries. At 31st March, 1949, the clothing industry required 482 women and girls, and the footwear industry 116, as compared with 796 and 156 respectively at the end of the previousyear. Generally, it can be said of the manufacturing industries that on one hand production has been retarded by shortages of raw materials and.the continued dearth of skilled male and female labour, and on the other hand the demand for unskilled labour seems to have eased off over the past year. Seasonal Industries. —At the peak of the year which usually falls in January, over 4,000 men are engaged in seasonal industries in this district. Of these around 3,500 are employed in freezing-works, and - most of the remainder in dairy factories and fruit and vegetable preserving. No difficulty was experienced early in the season in obtaining labour, though, asusual, it was at the expense of other industries, particularly those in the Penrose and Otahuhu areas. Some shortages occurred at the peak of the season due to high turnover at freezingworks and the prolongation of the killing season, but difficulties were not such as toprejudice production seriously. Tertiary Industries. —It is again necessary to report difficulties in the staffing of hospitals. Vacancies for females at 31st March, 1949, numbered 583, as compared with 610 at the end of the previous year. Nurses required for mental hospitals numbered 42 (previous year, 61) and nurses for general hospitals 188 (186). The number of notified vacancies for male workers in wholesale and retail establishments has fallen considerably, but the demand for women and girls remains about the same, being 89 at 31st March, 1949, and 92 at the end of the previous year. Hamilton District This district covers a very rich and important farming and industrial area. The growing trade of the district is reflected in the development of the Raglan port and the inauguration of a new shipping service between Raglan and the southern ports. The development of this new service will materially assist the needs of the Waikato for improved goods transport. Despite supply difficulties, the labour force engaged in the building and construction industry increased by more than 300 over the past year, and at 15th October, 1948* numbered just over 3,000.
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Over the past year there lias been a steady demand for farm workers, and immigrant labour has played an important part in filling these vacancies. Many buildings in the Frankton area were severely damaged by a tornado which struck the city. Additional supplies of cement and materials were diverted to the district to assist in repairing the damage. Male notified vacancies have declined over the past year by more than 200. At the 31st March, 1949, these totalled 418. Vacancies for females on the other hand, have risen from 96 at 31st March, 1948, to 143 a year later, including 56 in hospitals. Taumarunui District In this district the employment position has remained comparatively static. Vacancies for males were 134 at the 31st March, 1949, this total being identical with the number of vacancies notified twelve months earlier. Only very minor changes in the composition of vacancies has occurred over the period. A, similar situation exists in respect of female vacancies. At the 31st March, 1949, these totalled 30, which was only 4 lower than in the corresponding period of the previous year. During the year the Department placed 99 workers in employment (70 males and 29 females), and only one case of unemployment occurred. This case was of short duration. Paeroa District During the past year there has been an easing in the demand for labour, notified vacancies for males and females at 31st March, 1949, being 67, compared with 177 at 31st March, 1948. Vacancies for females declined sharply (from 67 in June, 1948, to 8 at 31st March, 1949), due to a reduction in vacancies in hospitals and in clothingmanufacture. A similar downward trend is discernible in vacancies for males. Although these rose from 114 at the 31st March, 1948, to a peak of 127 at the end of September, they thereafter fell to 59 at 31st March, 1949. The numbers engaged in the gold-mining industry in Waihi have fallen from 519 in April, 1948, to 480 in April, 1949, and with the gradual closing down of operations over the next two years many workers will become available for other employment. A local planning committee with a Government representative has been set up to explore alternative avenues of employment, including the possibility of establishing new industries to absorb further workers as they are displaced from the gold-mining industry. Tauranga District The population of this district has increased steadily in recent years, particularly in and about the towns where intensive cultivation of fruitgrowing (citrus and small fruit) is leading to closer settlement. The utilization of the district's rich resources of timber has assisted in the development. The development of Tauranga as an export port, particularly in respect of timber, received its first impetus in October, 1948, when a trial shipment of sawn timber from State Forest Service and private plantations was made to Australia. The erection of prefabricated houses for married workers by sawmill-owners and others has been of assistance in obtaining labour in isolated areas. Farm labour offering in the district has been confined to men requiring married accommodation, while in most instances only single accommodation has been available. This has made placement of married farm labour difficult. Notified vacancies for males at 31st March, 1949, were 82 and 17 for females, as compared with 75 and 11 respectively twelve months earlier.
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Rotorua District The employment position was kept well in hand with the placement of 566 persons (477 males and 89 females) in employment. The number of disengaged workers was appreciably lower each month than in 1947-48, and did not rise above 3 except in May, when 10 workers were enrolled. This, however, was exactly half the number recorded in May, 1947, which was also a peak month. Public-works activity has absorbed surplus male labour in remote areas. It is now a well-established and growing practice among Maori men to take employment in distant districts. The Department has again placed more than 70 voung Maori men with dairy factories in Taranaki. Many Maoris, however, now make their own arrangements regarding such seasonal employment. This is an important development, as in the past Maoris in remote areas were reluctant to leave their own people, and this .tended to cause unemployment among them. Notified vacancies for males rose from 119 at 31st March, 1948, to 138 at 31st March, 1949. Forestry required 47 and bush sawmilling 15 workers. Vacancies in these two industries at 31st March, 1948, were 4 and 26 respectively. Female notified vacancies were 45, as compared with 35 at 31st March, 1948. Gisbome District The ebb of seasonal employment creates a special problem in this district, as between-season employment in other industries is insufficient to absorb displaced labour from freezing-works and dairy factories. Male enrolments of seasonal workers were heavy at the close of the 1947-48 season, and considerable effort was necessary to prevent unemployment from developing. A number of single workers were placed in Wellington (mainly with the City Council), while others (mostly married men) were absorbed ore public-works projects. The maximum number of males unemployed at the end of any month was 3. In the previous year the peak number was 22. This district requires a greater diversity of employment in order to achieve a better balance between seasonal and non-seasonal activity, and to provide a greater range of employment. Last May damage estimated at £250,000 was caused by disastrous floods. Relief gangs of Maori workers were organized by the Department, and a Government subsidy was granted to help defray the cost of salvaging maize crops. The number of notified vacancies for males at the 31st March, 1949, was 179 (185 at the 31st March, 1948). Notified vacancies for females were 41 (48 at 31st March, 1948). Napier District An expansion of secondary industry in Napier appears probable when the light industrial area at present being planned is fully developed. Work on the new suburb of Onekawa is almost completed, the first sale of sections took place early in 1949, and a further block of sections will be available shortly. During the winter months some difficulty was experienced in placing semi-fit workers in employment. The maximum number of disengaged males was 14 in September, of these men, however, 9 were fit for light work only and 3 were over sixty years of age. While little change is shown in the number of notified vacancies for males over the past twelve months (139 and 133 at 31st March, 1948 and 1949, respectively) the number of vacancies for skilled workers fell from 56 to 35, while vacancies for juveniles rose from 17 to 40. A slight easing in demand for female labour has occurred; vacancies fell from 66 at 31st March, 1948, to 43 at 31st March, 1949.
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Hastings District A large pool of seasonal labour is required in this district to handle the volume of work offering in freezing-works, orchards, cool-stores, market gardens, fruit and vegetable canneries and pulping, &c. Between the months of October and January seasonal industries other than farming absorbed more than 900 additional male workers. Difficulty was experienced in providing sufficient casual labour to harvest the record fruit crop. In order to overcome the shortage of available labour a pool of workers who were prepared to work on harvesting the crop during week-ends was established. Unemployment reached a peak in June, when 49 males were enrolled for employment due to the cessation of work in several major seasonal industries ; of these men, 43 were placed in employment during the ensuing month. The Hastings Borough Council works scheme and the freezing-works building programme were delayed by shortages of essential materials and were thus not able to absorb their usual quota of seasonal workers. A public-works drainage project (main highways) was opened up to absorb surplus seasonal labour. Notified vacancies for males at 31st March, 1949, were 115 and 62 for females, as compared with 187 and 98 respectively at 31st March, 1948. New Plymouth District Although dairying and other farming, together with allied seasonal industries, predominate, secondary industries are well represented and offset considerably the instability of seasonal employment. During the past winter surplus seasonal labour was absorbed without much difficulty. •Cable-laying projects by the Post and Telegraph Department were of assistance in this, respect. Production of butter and cheese was phenomenally high in the 1947-48 season, and staffing of factories was satisfactory. Local shortage of labour was in part overcome by the recruitment of Maori workers from Rotorua. Greater attention is now being paid by dairy companies to the provision of permanent accommodation for employees, and this is reflected in the improved staffing position. Notified vacancies for males at 31st March, 1949, were 200 (195 at 31st March, 1948), including 87 skilled and 69 unskilled adults. Female notified vacancies fell from D 5 at the 31st March, 1948, to 39 at 31st March, 1949. Wanganui District The total population of the Wanganui Employment District has remained stationary around (or slightly below) the 60,000 mark for the past two decades. The past four years have seen some expansion of manufacturing industries, but the total number ■employed in factories in 1948 (4,714) is still slightly less than the number employed twenty-two years ago, when the figure was 4,811. Seasonal fluctuations in employment are marked. During the peak of the season dairy factories, freezing-works, and wool-stores absorb nearly 700 additional workers. The demand for male labour, particularly during the winter months, is comparatively limited, and until the non-seasonal industries increase their capacity to absorb this fluctuation in labour-supply the Department will be confronted with a difficult placement problem. Unemployment reached a temporary peak in May, 1948, when 59 males were disengaged. Notified vacancies for both males and females have declined over the past twelve months. Male vacancies fell from 343 to 260 and female vacancies from 217 to 135 at the 31st March, 1949.
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Paimerston North District Industrial expansion has continued over the past year. The labour force in engineering and metals rose from 1,180 at the 15th October, 1947, to 1,342 at the 15th October, 1948. Smaller increases have occurred in textiles and clothing manufacture. The numbers engaged in transport and communication over the same period increased from 2,005 to 2,184. Dairy factories and freezing-works were fully-manned during the season. Notified vacancies for males at the 31st March, 1949, were 222 and 148 for females, as compared with 246 and 184 respectively at the 31st March, 1948. Masterton District Little change has occurred in the employment field over the past year. Opportunities for employment (other than seasonal) have been limited. No difficulty was experienced by dairy factories and freezing-works in meeting their peak requirements ■of labour. During the winter months considerable placement activity is needed to absorb the outflow of seasonal labour. The number of disengaged males reached its highest point in June, when 12 workers were enrolled for employment. Notified vacancies for males at 31st March, 1949, were 44 ; at the 31st March,' 1948, the number was 47. Female notified vacancies at the 31st March, 1949, were 35, as --compared with 31 twelve months earlier. Lower Hntt District That this district is predominantly an industrial area is emphasized by the fact that more than three-fifths of male and two-fifths of female workers are employed in secondary industries. By far the most important industries are those in the engineering and metalworking group, which employ more than one-quarter of all male workers in the district, and the textiles and clothing group, which claims about one-sixth of all female workers. Building and construction occupies about a sixth of all the males employed in the district. Vacancies. —The total number of notified male vacancies at 31st March, 1949 (1,269), was only slightly lower than at 31st March, 1948. The over-all demand for skilled labour fell, the number of vacancies being 458 at 31st March, 1949, as compared with 584 at 31st March, 1948, while vacancies for unskilled workers rose by 57 to 738 at 31st March, 1949. Vacancies for female workers, which numbered 421 at 31st March, 1948, rose to 568 at 31st March, 1949. Included in the latter figure are vacancies for 387 unskilled workers (298 at 31st March, 1948) and 156 juveniles (67 at 31st March, 1948). Manufacturing Industries.—Notified male vacancies in manufacturing industries at 31st March, 1949, numbered 815, as compared with 986 at 31st March, 1948. The bulk of vacancies occur in the engineering and metalworking group of industries, and in particular in industries engaged in the manufacture *of vehicles. At the end of last year engineering industries required 824 male workers ; but by 31st March, 1949, the requirements had fallen by 170, to 654 men. The vacancies notified for male workers in the vehicle-manufacturing industry fell by 283 (to 467) at 31st March, 1949. Layoffs occurred in motor-vehicle-assembly plants near the beginning of the year, due, it is stated, to a reduction of the quantity of imports of parts for assembly. The position improved later in the year, when firms were again seeking labour. The demand for female labour in manufacturing industries has remained strong, the number of notified vacancies (335) being only 14 lower than the number at 31st March, 1948.
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Seasonal Industries.—The maximum number of workers employed in- seasonal industries over the past year was 563 in January, 1949, and the minimum number 218 in October, 1948. Only 10 of these, at each date, were not employed in meat-freezing. While not of major importance in this district, seasonal industries do have some effects on employment, and, as recorded above, some firms suffered from these effectsat the peak of the season. Building and Construction. Th,e demand for tradesmen and labourers rose considerably during the year, the number of vacancies being 248 at 31st March, 1949 (including 183 skilled workers), as compared with 176 (including 148 skilled) at the end of the previous year. Tertiary Industries. —Retail stores report that the labour-supply appears to be adequate except that vacancies still exist for juniors. Only 37 male and 27 female vacancies were notified at 31st March, 1949, in the commerce and finance group. The position regarding female employment in hospitals deteriorated during the year r and at 31st March 42 nurses and 31 general hospital workers were required. Wellington District This district and Lower Hutt are in many ways complementary. While the emphasis in the latter is on manufacturing, tertiary industries predominate in Wellington. The employment situation in this district is influenced by the fact of its being the administrative centre of New Zealand. Secondary industries claim one-third of Wellington's male labour force, and almost all the remaining two-thirds are engaged in tertiary industries. The chief secondary industries are the engineering and metalworking groups and building and construction, each of which employs a little under one-tenth of the male labour force. Among tertiary industries the transport and communication group, and' the public administration and professional group, each employ approximately one-sixth, while just under one-quarter of males are engaged in distribution and finance. The predominance of tertiary industries is even more pronounced in the case of females, of whom nearly three-quarters are employed in such industries. Over one-half of all women and girls in Wellington are claimed .by the two groups distribution and. finance, and public administration and professional. The most substantial employers of female labour among secondary industries are those in the textiles, clothing, and and leather manufacturing group. Vacancies. —Total male vacancies at 31st. March, 1949, numbering 2,927, were only 263 lower than at the end of the previous year. The demand for female workers felt quite considerably, vacancies being 2,801, as compared with 3,503 at 31st March, 1948. In part the reduction in the number of vacancies may be attributed to a more frequent checking of the position by the Department, but, in addition, there has been a pronounced decline in the demand for unskilled labour. The demand for skilled labour,, and particularly for juvenile workers, remains at a high level. Manufacturing Industries. —Slightly over one-half, or about the same proportion as in the previous year, of the I*llB vacancies notified in manufacturing industries at 31st March, 1949, are for skilled workers. The greatest number of these are in the engineering and metalworking group of industries with 532 vacancies, of which 320 are skilled. The figures for the engineering trades, nevertheless, show a fall of over 100 in both the total and the skilled requirements, as compared with 31st March, 1948. Though the demand for female labour fell by 361 to 1,700 at 31st March, 1949, some industries (for example, electrical-goods manufacture, and the printing trades) show increased requirements. The clothing industry with 985 vacancies, of which more than 70 per cent, are for skilled workers, has by far the greatest unsatisfied demand for female workers.
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Seasonal Industries. —In the peak month, of January, 1949, seasonal workers numbered 1,041 including 625 in freezing-works and 406 in wool-stores. Very few calls were made for labour for wool-stores, and these were easily satisfied. Before the commencement of the killing season it was reported that difficulty might be •experienced in securing sufficient experienced chain slaughtermen for freezing-works, but no great difficulty was experienced by seasonal undertakings in obtaining sufficient labour. Blenheim District Labour requirements, especially seasonal demands, were more readily satisfied than in previous years. The Picton freezing-works, for the first time in many years, was fully staffed at the commencement of the se'ason. Killing ceased for nearly four weeks at the end of January due to a breakdown of machinery at the works, and 83 men were left without employment. Of these men, 60 were placed by the Department and the remainder secured other temporary employment. The demand for seasonal workers for orchards was smaller than usual owing to a light fruit crop. Notified vacancies for males at the 31st March, 1949, totalled 83, and 46 for females .as compared with 115 and 68 respectively at the 31st March, 1948. Nelson District There is an annual influx of workers into this district to handle the large volume of seasonal work offering in orchards, tobacco and hop growing, other fruit and vegetable growing, and in canning-factories. The Department recruits seasonal workers from all organizes travelling parties to Nelson, and arranges accommodation. The Department placed 4,160 workers (1,141 males and 3,019 [females) during the year. In the previous year the number was 1,872 (769 males and 1,103 females). The facilities •offered by the Department with its district offices throughout the Dominion are being increasingly relied upon by employers and workers. If the proposal to establish a factory manufacturing prefabricated houses is proceeded with, it will provide additional employment opportunities. Notified vacancies for males fell from 218 at the 31st March, 1948, to 153 at the 31st March, 1949. Female vacancies at the 31st March, 1949, were 130, as compared with 152 twelve months earlier. Westport District Notified vacancies for both males and females have remained fairly constant over the past year. At the 31st March, 1949, vacancies for males numbered 83, and for females 30. The figure twelve months earlier was 90 and 25 respectively. The majority of new settlers arriving in the district have been allocated to the •coal-mining industry. These settlers have adjusted themselves well to New Zealand •conditions and are a useful addition to the labour force. The comparatively few vacancies in industry (apart from coal-mining and bush sawmilling) has made placement of semi-fit and older male workers difficult. Nevertheless, the number of disengaged males did not rise above 2 except in July, when it stood at 4 ; the maximum number of unemployed at any time in the previous year was 7. 'Greymouth District Between April and October, 1948, the numbers engaged in bush sawmilling rose from 877 to 924, and last October the largest cargo of timber in twelve years was shipped from Greymouth for Australian markets. The labour position in the coal-mining industry also improved.
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Employment levels in gold-mining in this area are at present on the decline, having.' fallen from 373 in April, 1948, to 269 in April, 1949. This has been brought about by several gold-dredges ceasing activities. In general, no difficulties have arisen in placing employees in alternative avenues such as coal-mining and bush sawmilling. Notified vacancies at the 31st March, 1949, were 185 for males and 108 for females,, as compared with 191 and 93 respectively at the 31st March, 1948. Christchurch District In addition to possessing a wide range of secondary and tertiary industries, theChristchurch district includes a large farming area. Primary industries in this district engage the activities of just under one-fifth of the total male labour force, the remainder being distributed fairly evenly between secondary and tertiary industries. As is the case in all the other main centres, in the city areas the engineering and .metalworking industries form the most important group employing male labour. The female labour force is distributed somewhat differently. A small number of women (about of the female labour force) work on the land. One-third are employed in secondary industries, more than one-half of these being claimed by the textiles, clothing, and leather manufacturing group. The remainder, more than threefifths of all women and girls employed in the district, are engaged in tertiary industries. Vacancies. —The number of male vacancies recorded, 1,124, shows a decline of over 400 by comparison with 31st March, 1948. To some extent this is the result of a policy of more frequent checking of the position, but there has nevertheless been a decrease in demand for labour. It is reported that it has become increasingly difficult to place semi-fit persons in light employment, and that there is appearing an increasing tendency for employers to become more selective in engaging labour. Newspaper advertisements, particularly for unskilled labouring work, are stated to be evoking greater numbers of replies. Female vacancies have fallen by over 600, due to a large extent to a review of all vacancies notified to the Department in this district. The fall has been most noticeable in manufacturing industries, and particularly clothing-manufacture, in which vacancies at 31st March, 1949, had fallen to approximately two-thirds the total at March, 1948.. On the other hand, the demand for juvenile workers shows no signs of diminution,, the number of notified vacancies for boys having increased over the year by 69 and for girls by 181. Manufacturing Industries.—Despite shortages of steel and coke, the demand for both skilled and unskilled labour in the engineering and metalworking industries, and the output of these industries remains at a high level. Notified vacancies at 31st March,. 1949, numbered 254, including 133 skilled, as compared with 287 at 31st March, 1948,. including 163 skilled vacancies. The rubber-manufacturing industry, which in this district employs between 800and 900 persons, found some difficulty during the year in maintaining employment.. Vacancies for 80 female workers at 31st March, 1948, had fallen by 31st March, 1949, to 16 female vacancies. Lay-offs occurred in some firms, but the surplus created wasabsorbed in tire-manufacturing, a new industry for the district opened during the year. As in other centres, the textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing industries suffer most from the shortage of female labour. Female vacancies in woollen-mills at 31st March, 1949, numbered 141, while clothing-manufacturers required the services of more than 450 women and girls and footwear-manufacture 77. One firm of clothingmanufacturers, finding a reasonably good response from female labour in Kaiapoi, set up a branch in that town during the year. There have been relatively few public works undertaken during the year in thisdistrict, but the Department here has been rsponsible for referring workers to the Lake Tekapo and Lake Pukaki public-works construction jobs.
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Seasonal Industries. —Seasonal workers numbering 2,292 were employed in this district at 31st January, 1949, compared with 2,135 at 31st January, 1948. Little difficulty was experienced in obtaining sufficient labour in freezing-works for the killing season, which commenced on 29th November, 1948, a week earlier than usual. The maximum number of men employed, 1,702 in February, 1949, was slightly higher than the maximum for the previous season. During the year' a start was made in co-operating with fruitgrowers and marketgardeners in providing seasonal labour for picking crops. Tertiary Industries. —Tertiary industries in Christchurch had vacancies for over 1,000 workers, male and female, at 31st March, 1949. The greatest demand for males was in the transport and communications group, while the shortage of female domestic workers is most pronounced. Though general hospitals in this district report no acute shortage of nurses, domestic staff to the number of 107 were required at 31st March, 1949. Mental hospitals had notified 55 vacancies for nurses, as compared with 62 at 31st March, 1948. Ashburton District This district is essentially a primary producing area. Nevertheless, nearly 2,400 males and about 800 females are employed in secondary and tertiary industries. Manufacturing industries employ some 780 males and 360 females. Notified vacancies for'males rose from 81 at 31st March, 1948, to a seasonal peak of 176 in January, 1949 ; by the 31st March, 1949, it had fallen to 77. Farming vacancies for males rose to 90 at the 31st January, 1949 (79 at 31st January, 1948), and at the 31st March, 1949, had fallen to 27. Female vacancies reached a peak of 126 in March, 1948. By the 31st March, 1949, vacancies had fallen to 108. Apart from the substantial labour requirements in woollenmills, there were only 8 vacancies notified for women. Timaru District ? While notified vacancies for males fell from 136 at the 31st March, 1948, to 79 at the 31st March, 1949, female vacancies rose from 89 to 113. The fall in male vacancies was not confined to any particular group, but was spread over a number of industrial activities. The increase in female vacancies occurred mainly in the pottery and glass industry, which requires an additional 30 workers. Woollen-mills alsd require staff. A new woollen-goods factory was established at Temuka. During the winter months some difficulty was experienced in placing disengaged workers from seasonal industries. The number of disengaged males enrolled for employment reached a temporary peak in June, when 29 workers were registered with the Department. During the year Timaru attained the status of a city. Oamaru District There has been little change in employment levels over the past year. Notified vacancies for males and females were 171 at the 31st March, 1949, and 184 twelve months earlier. Notified vacancies for males at the 31st March, 1949, were 81, and for female workers 90. The ; adjustment of the exchange-rate affected the two rabbit-exporting firms operating in this district. One closed down, and the other continued operating with a. reduced staff. During the period under review a factory processing cheese (the first of its type in the South Island) was established. The employment position has been good, and disengaged workers have been readily placed in employment.
3—H 11
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Dunedin District Dunedin is the centre both of a wide range of secondary industries located mainly around the Dunedin urban area, and extensive sheep, and mixed farming, and fruitgrowing in Central and South Otago. More than one-fifth of all male workers in this district are engaged in primary industries, the remainder being divided fairfy evenly between secondary and tertiary industries. As appears to be usual in the larger centres, the bulk of women and girls work in the servicing industries. Fewer than one-third are employed in manufacture, and just under two-thirds in tertiary industries. Vacancies— The demand for labour of all kinds remains buoyant in this district. Immediately prior to Christmas some difficulty was experienced in placing men, but at other times in the year the real difficulty has been to find men for the jobs offering. A fall in the total of male notified vacancies from 1,215 at 31st March, 1948, to 1,002 at 31st March, 1949, was confined almost exclusively to manufacturing industries and building and construction. Vacancies for skilled workers fell by almost one-third, while a slight increase occurred in the demand for juveniles. Female vacancies rose from 1,807 to 1,848 at 31st March, 1949. In this case the demand for skilled workers rose considerably, while the demand for juvenile labour fell. Manufacturing. —Although the demand for skilled labour in the engineering and metalworking trades remains keen, shortages of raw materials, notably steel and hard coke, have reduced it somewhat by comparison with the previous year. Notified male vacancies fell from 333 (including 184 skilled) at 31st March, 1948, to 224 (including 93 skilled) at 31st March, 1949. It is expected that the shortage of sheet metal will be relieved to some extent when a duplicate iron-roller mill commences operations in about June, 1949. Difficulty was experienced during the year by fertilizer-manufacturers in anticipating demand, and in October it was reported by some units that they were fully staffed, all storage space was full, and orders for fertilizers were not coming forward from farmers. The position altered later, and the combined effect of the draw-off of labour for freezingworks and the flow of orders left the works with 26 vacancies at 31st March, 1949. The demand for female workers comes from woollen-mills and clothing and footwear - manufacturing. One woollen-mill has brought into operation during the year a modern hostel designed to attract women and girls. Vacancies in each of these three avenues of employment have increased over the year. Woollen-mills require 284, an increase of 23 over 31st March, 1948 ; clothing-manufacturing requires 618 females, or 76 more ; and footwear-manufacturing, 58, an increase of 18. Seasonal. —At 31st March, 1949, there were 1,220 men employed in seasonal industries in this district, as compared with 1,163 at 31st March, 1948. The maximum number employed in freezing-works was 771 at 28th February, a number slightly in excess of the maximum the previous year. The labour position in freezing-works has been good, on the whole, and though shortages have occurred they have not been such as to impede production. Dairy factories in the district were fully staffed, and some labour was diverted to Invercargill, New Plymouth, and Hamilton. There was no apparent shortage of shearers, and only 8 shearers from the shearers' training scheme were placed in this district, 3 being sent to Oamaru. Tertiary Industries. —The greatest need in the servicing industries, as expressed through notified vacancies, is for female labour. Hospitals, particularly small private hospitals, are short of trained staff, and there is a shortage of 12 nurses and 46 other female workers. Mental hospitals require 33 nurses. There is also a shortage of domestic workers in the catering trades, 114 vacancies being notified at 31st March, 1949, compared with 87 at 31st March, 1948.
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Invercargill District While little change is evident in the position regarding skilled male workers, the demand for unskilled labour has eased over the past year. The fall in male notified vacancies from 339 (62 skilled, 188 unskilled, and 89 juveniles) at the 31st March, 1948, to 276 (60 skilled, 149 unskilled, and 67 juveniles) at the 31st March, 1949, was confined to unskilled adults and juveniles. The shortage of skilled labour is acute in the engineering and building trades. At the 15th October, 1948, 1,261 males were engaged in the extractive Industrie?. The principal change in employment levels in this group occurred in bush sawmilling which rose from 452 at the 15th October, 1947, to 526 at the 15th October, 1948. Notified vacancies for females fell from 82 at 31st March, 1948, to 64 at 31st March, 1949. This decline occurred mainly in juvenile vacancies which fell from 30 to 6 over the period. Only 3 cases of unemployment among males occurred, 1 in April and 2 in July. In the previous year the incidence of unemployment was substantially higher, and in July, 1947, 9 males had been registered.
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APPENDICES APPENDIX I—STATISTICAL TABLES Table I—lndustrial Classification of Notified Vacancies Remaining Unsatisfied at Quarterly Points, 1948-49. Table . ll—.Disengaged Persons Enrolled for Employment in Districts, 1948-49. Table lll—Placements of Enrolled Persons, by Districts, Ist April, 1948, to 31st March, 1949. Table IV—Total Placements by Industries, Year Ended 31st March, 1949. Table V—Distributicjn of Labour Force in General Industries at 15th October, 1948. Table VI —Analysis of Building and Construction Labour Force (Including Females) at 15th October, 1948, by Occupation and Type of Work. Diagram I—Graph Showing Movement in Seasonal Labour Force (Males) from August, 1946, to March, 1949. Table Vll—Movement in Seasonal Labour Force (Males), April, 1948, to March, 1949, Excluding Farming. Table VIII —External Migration, Year Ended 31st March, 1949, by Occupational Groups. Table IX —Activities of the Home Aid Service for the Year Ended 31st March, 1949. Table X —Occupations of Assisted Immigrants, Year Ended 31st March, 1949. Table Xl—Factories by Districts, Showing Numbers Employed and Working Occupiers at 31st March, 1949. Table Xll—Factories, by Industries, Showing Numbers Employed and Working Occupiers at 31st March, 1949. Diagram ll—Percentage Distribution of Factories and Factory Workers. Table Xlll—Factory Workers, by Districts, Showing Distribution According to Size of Factory at 31st March, 1949. Table XlV—Factory Workers, by Industries, Showing Distribution According to Size of Factory at 31st March, 1949. Table XV —Accidents in Factories, Calendar Year 1948, by Age Groups. Table XVI —Accidents in Factories, Calendar Year 1948, by Cause of Accident. Table XVll—Minimum Wage-rates in Certain Occupations at 31st March, 1949. Table XVIII —Apprenticeship Contracts Registered and Apprenticeship Contracts Completed During the Year Ended 31st March, 1949, and Apprenticeship Contracts in Force at 31st March, 1949. Table XIX —Scaffolding Accidents, by Age-groups. liable XX —Scaffolding Accidents, by Cause of Accident. Table XXI —Number of Inspections Carried Out. Table XXII —Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Employers) Investigated, Year Ended 31st March, 1949. Table XXlll—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Workers) Investigated, Year Ended 31st March, 1949. Table XXlV—Fair Rents Act, 1936, and Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations (Rents) : Alleged Breaches Investigated. Table XXV—Prosecutions Taken and Results, Year Ended 31st March, 1949. Table XXVl—Civil Proceedings for Recovery of Wages on Behalf of Workers, Year Ended 31st March, 1949. Table XXVII —Number of Requisitions for Improvements Served. Table XXVIII —Arrears of Wages Paid at Instigation of Department, Year Ended 31st March, 1949.
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Table I—Industrial Classification of Notified Vacancies Remaining Unsatisfied at Quarterly Points, 1948-49
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30th June, 1948. 30th Sept., 1948. 31st Dec., 1948. 31st March, 1949. Industrial Group. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Primary Industry Sheep-farming Dairy-farming •Other farming Forestry and bush sawmilling .. Fishing and trapping .. Ooal-mining .. .. Other mining and quarrying 81 128 103 231 16 101 46 3 176 198 164 243 1 91 32 6 136 154 163 213 21 66 20 8 6 6 60 129 125 198 2 28 11 5 2 55 Primary industry total 706 8 905 13 773 20 553 62 Secondary Industry Food, Drink and Tobacco — Meat freezing and processing .. Dairy factories Other food and drink Tobacco-manufacture 34 8 135 10 58 1 271 186 16 159 131 10 30 17 248 174 107 64 128 20 5 16 225 153 70 33 134 20 27 16 283 147 Sub-total 187 516 316 469 319 399 257 473 Textile, Clothing, Leather— Woollen and knitting mills Clothing-manufacture Footwear manufacture and repair Tanneries, fur, and leather goods 'Other textiles 75 220 123 67 41 861 3,502 513 190 • 416 44 175 101 42 59 759 2,901 423 165 265 45 191 93 55 65 763 2,778 382 149 211 49 176 102 59 59 741 2,833 386 157 213 Sub-total 526 5,482 421 4,513 449 1 4,283 445 4,330 Building - materials and ingsTimber milling and joinery Furniture and other wood manufacturing Bricks, pottery, cement . .. 177 180 193 7 52 26 108 150 129 2 31 5 86 147 149 2 19 8 111 155 133 4 29 46 Sub-total 550 85 387 . 38 382 29 399 79 ..Engineering and Metalworking— Machinery and metalworking .. Ships, engines, vehicles 1,226 1,682 298 35 991 1,407 217 23 1,411 193 19 1,007 1,239 234 22 Sub-total 2,908 333 2,398 240 2,388 212 2,246 256 ■Other Industry— Paper, pulp, and printing Other manufacturing 274 248 505 399 262 160 472 283 253 170 524 246 277 184 509 261 Sub-total 522 904 422 755 423 770 461 770 Power and Water Supply— Sub-total 237 12 131 14 108 15 150 11 Building and Construction— Sub-total 1,396 11 ■ 1,279 11 1,358 10 1,329 • 17 Secondary industry total 6,326 7,343 5,354 6,040 5,427 5,718 5,287 5,936 Tertiary Industry Transport and Communication— Bail transport Road, water, air transport Post and telegraph 2,536 72 733 137 33 87 2,300 97 590 146 19 82 2,270 119 741 140 15 65 2,331 108 858 103 15 87 Sub-total 3,340 257 2,987 247 3,130 220 3,297 205 Distribution and Finance— Wholesale and retail trade Finance and insurance Other agencies 543 170 90 655 154 87 492 147 75 569 148 80 540197 119 537 169 83 582 178 97 549 148 100 Sub-total 803 896 714 797 856 789 857 797
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Table I—Industrial Classification of Notified Vacancies Remaining Unsatisfied at Quarterly Points, 1948-49—continued
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Industrial Group. 30th June, 1948. 30th Sept., 1948. 31st Dec., 1948. 31st March, 1949. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Domestic and Personal Services— Hotels and restaurants Personal services, recreation, &c. Sub-total Administration and ProfessionalHospitals Medical and hygienic services Education, professional, &c. .. Government Services (n.e.i.) .. Local Authorities (n.e.i.) Sub-total Other Services— Sub-total Tertiary industry total Total, all industries 30 127 482 • 456 45 142 483 423 53 96 516 453 53 90 143 SOS 483 157 938 187 906 149 969 991 149 80 51 511 64 1,662 15 231 371 33 156 33 47 504 82 1,643 9 230 436 23 157 31 63 592 117 1,559 16 210 439 15 146 24 53 562 127 1,468 14 244 385 16 855 2,312 822 2,341 960 2,239 912 2,127 1 3 3 5,158 4,403 4,713 4,291 5,095 4,217 5,209 4,121 10,119 12,190 11,754 10,972 10,344 11,295 9,955 11,049
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Table II—Disengaged Persons Enrolled for Employment in Districts, 1948-49
Males. Females. District. 30th 31st 30th 31st 31st 30th 31st 30th 31st 31st 28th 31st . 30th 30th 31st 31st April, May, June, July, Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov,, Dec., Jan., Feb., March, June, Sept., Dee., March, 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1949. 1949. 1949. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1949. Whangarei 3 4 2 1 20 7 3 [ Auckland 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 "l 2 1 "l 1 "l Hamilton 2 3 1 5 1 1 1 2 2 ' 3 "l 1 Taumarunui 1 Paeroa ' 1 2 1 1 1 1 Tauranga "4 4 4 5 j ,. Eotorua 3 10 3 "2 1 1 1 Gisborne 1 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 Napier ' ~4 "4 ' '7 *5 6 14 5 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 Hastings 2 7 49 6 7 5 4 2 2 2 2 1 New Plymouth 3 3 2 1 1 1 3 2 "2 1 1 2 Wanganui 6 59 6 4 1 1 3 1 !■ Palmerston North ' 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Masterton "4 12 6 5 7 5 1 2 Lower Hutt 1 Wellington . . • Blenheim "2 5 ' 2 1 2 1 I 1 "l 1 1 Nelson 1 1 1 2 2 Westport 1 "2 "l "4 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 Greymouth 2 "l 2 I Christchurch "l 2 "6 *9 9 15 i3 is '20 21 12 12 1 Ashburton 1 2 1 1 1 1 Timaru .. .. 4 7 29 22 14 26 5 ' 6 4 1 2 5 .. ' Oamaru 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 , . Dunedin 1 Invercargill .. .. "l "2 New Zealand .. 37 113 133 77 61 90 48 4! 58 46 30 34 1 8 1 4 1 3 4
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Table III—Placements of Enrolled Persons, by Districts, 1st April, 1948, to 31st March, 1949
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District. Males. Females. Total Placements (Males and Females). Number of Placements. Estimated Civilian Male Labour Force. (October, 1948.) Placements per 1,000 Estimated Labour Force. Returned Servicemen included in Total. Number of Placements. Under 21. 21 Fully Employable. -59. - employable. 60 and oyer. Total. Under 21. 21-59. 60 and over. Total. Whangarei .. 47 185 4 236 20,200 12 65 30 35 65 301 Auckland 328 1,489 15 16 1,848 101,300 18 128 144 443 8 595 '2,443 Hamilton 17 338 5 3 363 40,300 9 74 14 62 76 439 Taumarunui 5 63 2 70 5,100 14 8 3 26 29 99 Paeroa 48 154 1 203 11,-200 18 49 22 23 45 248 Tanranga 22 159 181 6,500 28 25 14 23 1 38 219 Rotorua 66 404 7 477 12,400 38 83 22 67 89 566 Gisborne 157 1,032 4 30 1,223 13,500 91 268 15 • 49 1 65 1,288 Napier 6 332 5 1 344 7,900 44 158 19 56 75 419 Hastings .. 11 393 3 4 411 10,500 39 83 4 ■ 39 43 454 New Plymouth. .. 47 297 12 1 357 22,700 16 74 18 47 65 422 Wanganui .. 10 447 12 10 479 17,400 28 115 40 1 41 520 Palmerston North 23 249 5 2 279 24,200 12 45 7 21 28 307 Masterton 5 51 5 1 62 10,600 6 10 1 6 7 69 Lower Hufct 39 413 5 7 464 14,700 32 20 61 81 545 Wellington .. 236 977 20 1,233 50,700 24 i58 210 540 2 752 1,985 Blenheim .. 53 197 1 3 254 6,600 38 53 11 15 1 27 281 Nelson .. • .. 181 913 27 20 1,141 10,900 105 180 490 2,438 91 3,019 4,160 Westport 28 134 . 3 3 168 .3,500 48 59 4 9 13 * 181 Greymouth .. 31 303 334 9-, 400 36 12 36 56 92 426 Christchurch 328 1,343 "33 19 1,723 56,100 31 368 390 176 ' 1 567 2,290 Ashburton 49 499 548 6,500 84 129 28 28 576 Timaru 21 674 2 697 13,800 51 67 11 50 61 758 Oamaru. . 15 99 11 125 5,000 25 ■ 21 5 7 12 137 Dunedin 181 1,087 2 1 1,271 37,300 34 267 136 219 355 1,626 Inveroargill 1 186 8 195 23,800 8 16 41 41 236 New Zealand 1,955 12,418 166 147 14,686 542,100 .27 2,515 1,626 4,577 106 6,309 20,995
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Table IV —Total Placements, by Industries, Year Ended 31st March, 1949
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Industrial Group. Males. Females. Total. Percentage of Total Placements. Primary Industry Sheep-farming .. .. .. Dairy-farming .. .. .. Other farming .. .. .. .. | Forestry and bush sawmilling .. Fishing and trapping .. .. Coal-mining -Other mining and quarrying 609 309 1,590 805 2 167 25 16 5 2,923 3 625 314 4,513 808 2 167 • 25 3-0 1-5 21-5 3-8 0-8 0-1 Primary industry total 3,507 2,947 6,454 30-7 Secondary Industry Food, Drink, and Tobacco— Meat freezing and processing Dairy factories Other food and drink Tobacco-manufacture 953 243 272 34 2 18 128 23 955 261 400 57 4-5 1-2 1-9 0-3 Sub-total 1,502 171 1,673 7-9 Textiles, Clothing, and Leather — Woollen and knitting mills Clothing-manufacture Footwear manufacture and repair Tanneries, fur, and leather goods . Other textiles .. .. 126 57 113 52 145 56 357 47 4 27 182 414 160 56 172 0-9 2-0 0-8 0-3 0-8 Sub-total • 493 491 984 4-8 Building Materials and Furnishings— Timber milling and joinery Furniture and other wood manufacture .. Bricks, pottery, and cement 1 184 95 402 5 3 184 100 405 0-9 0-5 1-9 Sub-total 681 8 689 3-3 Engineering and Metalworking— Machinery and metalworking Ships, engines, vehicles, &c. 1,023 483 38 11 1,061 494 5-0 2-4 Sub-total 1,506 1 49 1,555 7-4 •Other industry— Paper, pulp, and printing Other manufacturing 156 410 116 36 ' 272 . 446 1-3 21 Sub-total .. . 566 152 718 3-4 Power and Water Supply— Sub-total 248 10 258 1-2 Building and Construction— Sub-total 2,778 8 2,786 13-3 Secondary industry total 7,774 889 8,663 41-3
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Table IV—Total Placements, by Industries, Year Ended 31st March, 1949—continued
74
"t Industrial Group. Males. Females. Total. Percentage of Tot*! Placements. Tertiary Industry Transport and CommunicationRail transport Road, water, and air transport Post and telegraph 402 360 251 10 10 44 412 370 295 2-0 1*8 1-4 Sub-total 1,013 64 1,077 5-2 Distribution and FinanceWholesale and retail trade Finance and insurance Other agencies 1,038 42 27 425 47 78 1,463 89 105 7-0 0-4 0-5 Sub-total 1,107 550 1,657 7-9 Domestic and Personal Services — Hotels and restaurants Personal services, recreation, &c. 248 246 545 292 793 538 3-8 2-5 Sub-total 494 837 j 1,331 | 6-3 Administration and Professional — Hospitals Medical and hygienic services Educational, professional, &c. .. Government services (n.e.i.) Local authorities (n.e.i.) 163 75 115 318 118 569 13 158 275 5 732 88 273 593 123 3-5 0-4 1-3 2-8 0-6 Sub-total 789 1,020 1,809 •8-6 Other Services — Sub-total 2 2 4 Tertiary industry total 3,405 2,473 5,878 28-0 Total, all industries 14,686 6,309 20,995 100-0
SfOTß—The figures in this table were compiled from the Department's Half-yearly Survey of Employment, and exclude workers in farming, seasonal industries, fishing, trapping, and waterfront work. One-man businesses are also excluded. Building and construction figures, also excluded here, are shown in Table VI.
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Table V —Distribution of Labour Force in General Industries at 15th October, 1948
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Number of Units. Males. Females. Total Payroll Industrial Group. Payroll Strength. Working Proprietors. Payroll Strength. Working Proprietors. Strengths and Working Proprietors. Primary Industry, other than Farming, Hunting, and* Fishing— Forestry and bush sawmilling .. Coal-mining Other mining and Quarrying .. 459 120 118 8,510 5,566 1,774 412 156 56 187 39 24 3 2 9,112 5,761 1,856 Sub-total 697 15,850 624 250 5 16,729 Food, Drink, and Tobacco, other than Seasonal— Food and drink Tobacco-manufacture 1,429 9 8,521 457 1,113 3,967 774 387 13,988 1,231 Sub-total 1,438 8,978 1,113 4,741 387 15,219 Textiles, Clothing, and Leather — Woollen and knitting mills Clothing-manufacture Footwear manufacture and repair Tanneries, furs, and leather goods Other textiles 75 1,163 283 247 179 2,115 3,052 3,026 2,212 2'420 31 483 234 186 90 2,341 14,679 2,101 727 1,602 17 434 9 14 26 4,504 18,648 5,370 3,139 4,138 Sub-total 1,947 12,825 1,024 21,450 500 35,799 Building-materials and Furnishings— Timber-milling and joinery Furniture and other Wood manufacture Bricks, pottery, cement 472 661 511 6,145 5,058 6,016 280 526 360 227 468 323 17 4 6,652 6,069 6,703 Sub-total 1,644 17,219 1,166 1,018 21 19,424 Engineering and Metalworking— Machinery and metalworking .. Ships, engines, vehicles 1,766 2,042 18,787 22,511 1,399 1,869 2,428 1,304 35 32 22,649 25,716 Sub-total 3,808 41,298 3,268 3,732 67 48,365 Miscellaneous Manufacture — Paper, pulp, and printing Other 652 476 7,831 6,525 483 197 3,300 2,443 64 20 9 11,678 9,185 Sub-total 1,128 14,356 680 5,743 84 20,863 Power and Water Supply— Sub-total 223 8,165 5 568 8,738 Transport and Communication— Rail transport Road, water, air transport Post and telegraph .. 36 1,596 496 20,10a 14,887 12,483 1 j 619 1,631 1,134 3,569 " 29 21,734 17,669 16,052 Sub-total .. 2,128 47,473 1,619 6,334 29 55,455 Distribution and Finance — Wholesale and retail trade Finance and insurance Other agencies .. 9,676 909 1,220 43,765 7,730 3,382 6,209 83 850 23,779 3,934 2,594 1,389 2 39 75,142 11,749 6,865 Sub-total .. 11,805 54,877 7,142 30,307 1,430 93,756 Domestic and Personal Services— Hotels and restaurants Personal services, recreation, <ftc. 2,296 1,458 5,225 4,486 1,665 702 9,288 3,786 1,151 360 17,329 9,334 Sub-total 3,754 9,711 2,367 13,074 1,511 26,663 Administration and Professional — Hospitals Medical and hygienic services .. Education, professional, &c. Government services (n.e.i.) Local authorities (n.e.i.) 316 520 1,310 556 329 5,204 2,039 10,189 13,152 6,693 12 166 218 13,440 905 11,979 5,261 657 134 19 33 18,790 3,129 22,419 18,413 7,350 Sub-total 3,031 37,277 396 32,242 186 70,101 Total, all general industries covered 31,603 268,029 19,404 119,459 4,220 1 411,112
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Table VI—Analysis of Building and Construction Labour Force (Including Females) at 15th October, 1948, by Occupation and Type of Work
Occupation. bate Rental Houses and Flats.* ocal Authority Houses and Flats. ther Houses and Flats. hospitals and Educational Institutions. ther Government Buildings. ther Local Authority Buildings. idustrial Manufacture and Storage. 1 1 arm Buildings Other than Dwellings. C c t c c 'z 0 Buildings. ridge Construction and Civil and Electrical Engineering for Government. ther Civil and Electrical Engineering. '3 I © § Q c3 and Small Jobbing Work. ot Classified by Type of Work. o CO o O o w C o • H EH Carpenters and joiners ., 4,403 233 3,574 543 371 142 384 51 826 392 53 900 11,872 Plumbers 276 34 462 85 42 9 74 23 51 42 9 742 1,849 Bricklayers and drainlayers 235 5 175 14 16 2 27 1 27 16 16 50 584 Plasterers 181 21 272 46 26 24 46 8 86 2 45 757 Painters and paperhangers 670 18 688 155 65 22 76 15 249 87 7 515 2,567 Electricians 148 15 244 36 17 3 71 38 129 62 54 365 1,182 Roof tilers and fixers 130 177 18 3 8 25 22 383 Welders, riveters, and other steel 2 11 5 14 33 170 ' 30 190 455 workers Concrete-workers 36 21 8 14 9 8 18 23 39 23 199 Bridge carpenters 14 9 5 65 24 117 Lorry-drivers 60 1 51 12 6 8 14 28 310 53 224 767 Other machine-drivers 16 4 10 4 3 1 483 64 289 874 Tunnellers i7 230 68 315 Other, skilled 62 3 71 41 11 4 40 1' 43 • 684 121 548 1,629 Other, semi-skilled 116 2 62 24 23 16 17 15 1,327 129 493 2,224 Labourers 667 38 432 197 150 93 233 17 348 1,954 284 1 ; ,113 5,526. Surveyors and other professional . . 1 1,427 1,427 Clerical and other commercial > Not classified by tvpe of work 2,983 2,983 Working proprietors J . I I 3,611 3,611 Total 7,014 370 6,233 j 1,191 759 354 1,016 162 1, 884 5,847 927 5 ,543 8,021 39,321 * Includes Rehabilitation Trainees.
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Diagram I—Graph Showing Movement in Seasonal Labour Force (Males) from August, 1946, to March, 1949
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Table VII—Movement in Seasonal Labour Force (Males), April, 1948, to March, 1949, Excluding Farming
78
• Numbers Employed at 15th of Month. District. • April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, I December, January, February, March, 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1948. 1949. 1949. 1949. Whangarei 557 543 515 464 499 517 498 508 547 648 603 578 Auckland 3,773 3,681 3,335 3,081 3,093 2,994 2,908 3,150 4,088 4,246 4,118 3,782 Hamilton 1,058 905 815 844 999 1,004 946 1,022 1,304 1,387 1,226 1,105 Taumarunui 19 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 19 19 Paeroa 193 190 189 198 220 281 291 300 301 296 288 273 Tauranga 71 67 71 70 60 61 70 73 74 71 70 68 Rotorua 112 103 96 97 102 167 170 183 188 190 191 196 Gisborne 864 811 816 653 602 592 588 679 989 1,057 938 915 Napier 276 153 80 98 93 95 86 286 417 361 380 278 Hastings 1,327 1,199 1,127 948 892 820 810 1,364 1,766 1,783 1,523 1,474 New Plymouth 1,364 1,171 940 812 945 1,236 1,346 1,326 1,443 1,718 1,628 1,534 Wanganui 1,069 909 767 603 730 735 642 739 1,227 1,350 1,362 1,131 Palmerston North 1,191 1,041 874 848 866 931 963 1,014 1,365 1,592 1,500 1,341 Masterton 672 553 481* 451 458 538 517 546 696 853 769 706 Lower Hutt 414 322 289 241 231 223 218 231 460 563 492 432 Wellington .. 860 657 544 526 502 504 516 664 948 1,041 1,030 901 Blenheim 251 226 243 208 195 187 .188 206 281 294 230 307 Nelson 290 281 263 224 243 229 210 208 213 245 277 272 Westport 21 21 21 21 20 20 29 24 21 24 22 20 Greymouth 45 45 44 44 45 45 54 54 50 51 48 49 Christchurch 2,134 1,719 1,460 1,154 1,100 1,111 1,161 1,240 1,841 2,292 2,236 2,201 Ashburton 269 264 124 110 110 110 116 104 274 312 302 284 Timaru 977 761 536 418 417 407 426 512 646 1,001 1,042 1,012 Oamaru 295 215 136 116 116 110 99 98 99 266 285 286 Dunedin 1,109 .1,013 706 559 551 577 548 627 658 1,090 1,174 1,220 Invercargill 1,661 1,452 1,200 516 500 572 686 769 891 1,814 1,845 1,835 New Zealand 20,872 18,320 15 j690 13,322 13,607 14,085 14,106 15,947 20,807 24,565 23,598 22,219
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Table VIII—External Migration, Year Ended 31st March, 1949, by Occupational Groups
Note.—This table includes only " permanent " arrivals and departures—i.e., those who intend to become permanent residents of New Zealand or those who intend to remain absent for one year or more.
Table IX —Activities of the Home Aid Service for the Year Ended 31st March, 1949
79
Source : Census and Statistics Department Arrivals. Departures. Net Gain (+) or Loss{—) for Year. Occupational Group. Males. Females. Total. Males. Females. Total. Primary industry Engineering and metalworking . . Textiles, clothing, leather Building and construction Other secondary industry Transport and communication .. Commerce and finance Clerical and professional Personal and domestic Cither occupations Not actively employed Not stated 534 800 124 321 316 354 428 865 82 296 1,476 205 32 14 160 63 32 90 1,008 350 89 3,608 140 566 814 284 321 379 386 518 1,873 432 385 *>,084 i 345 282 232 56 100 118 193 271 745 49 230 863 10 18 1 67 19 13 79 1,038 135 50 2,095 15 300 233 123 100 137 206 350 1,783 184 280 2,958 25 , . +266 +581 + 161 +221 +242 + 180 +168 + 90 +248 + 105 +2,126 +320 Total 5,801 5,586 11,387 3,149 3,530 6,679 +4,708
, Month. • Number of Aids Employed. 1 Details of Cases Serviced During Period. Maternity. Sickness. Other. Total. April, 1948 62 139 121 6 ' 266 May, 1948 64 139 142 9 290 June, 1948 62 113 136 8 257 July, 1948 58 92 120 5 217 August, 1948 67 99 115 13 227 September, 1948 64 99 102 15 216 October, 1948 62 94 113 9 216 November, 1948 60 93 113 10 216 December, 1948 56 94 79 7 180 January, 1949 56 78 97 11 186 February, 1949 52 75 90 8 173 March, 1949 55 88 91 24 203 Totals 1,203 1,319 125 2,647
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Table X—Occupations of Assisted Immigrants, Year Ended 31st March, 1949
80
MALES. FEMALES. Category. Number. Category. I | X umber. Primary Industry Primary Industry j Coal-miner 35 Farm worker 2 Forestry worker 90 Bush sawmill worker 60 Farm worker 63 1 Sub-total 248 1 Sub-total 2 Secondary Industry , Secondary Industry 1 Engineering blacksmith .. . . 3 Milk-products manufacture 1 Farrier 2 Clothing-factory operative.. 41 Coppersmith 2 Tailoress .. 1 Sheet-metal worker 20 Hosiery-mill operative 2 • Moulder 16 Woollen-mill operative 17 Boilermaker 39 Footwear-factory operative - 6 Fitter and fitter-turner • 75 Engineering and metal trades • 4 Welder 8 Printing operative 35 Panel-beater 2 General factory worker 54 Toolmaker 5 Patternmaker .. 6 Shipwright 4 Plumber 19 Aircraft repair and manufacture 5 | Motor mechanic 5 Auto electrician 1 Electrician 32 Electrical-equipment worker 8 General engineer 1 Engineering tradesman 1 Cable-jointer 3 Radio mechanic 1 Wood-machinist 1 Glazier 1 Pottery worker 4 Upholsterer 1 Mattress-maker 1 Cabinetmaker 1 Carpenter 43 Carpenter and joiner 1 Joiner 3 Bricklayer 3 Footwear-factory operative 6 Woollen-mill operative 3 Tailor 1 Cutter 1 Compositor 6 Letterpress machinist 2 Bookbinder .. .. ■» 5 Rubber-goods manufacture 1 Chemical-manufacture • 1 Papermill worker 1 • General factory worker 3 Bread-baker 1 Baker's assistant 1 Labourers 201 Sub-total 550 Sub-total 161
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Table X—Occupations of Assisted Immigrants, Year Ended 31st March, 1949—continued
81
MALES. FEMALES. ■ Category. Number. Category. Number. Tertiary Industry Tertiary Industry linesman 13 Cook 7 Postman 11 Domestic 13S Postal assistant 17 Home aid 6 Telephone-exchange mechanic 9 Trained nurse 44 Telephone-exchange operator 6 Dispenser 3 Male mental nurse 1 Physiotherapist 7 Prison warder 18 Nurse trainee 160 Hotel cook .. . . o Nurse aid 15 Kitchen hand 1 I Typist .. 3 Shop-butcher .. .. 3 1 Shorthand-typist 82 ! Clerical worker 18 | Kindergarten teacher 1 ' Telephonist 1 Telephone-Exchange operator 1 Sub-total Total, all occupations 81 Sub-total Total, all occupations 486 879 649
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Table XI—Factories, by Districts, Showing Numbers Employed and Working Occupiers at 31st March, 1949
Notes.—(a) Of the 192 factories employing 101 or more workers, 109 employed 101-200, 72 employed 201-500, and .11 employed 501 or more. (b) It will be noticed that the total number of factories comprised in that portion of the table showing analysis by size of factory exceeds in some districts (and for the Dominion) the "Number of Registered Factories " shown in the first column. The explanation' is that some factories, though counting as only one registration, carry on production which falls into two or more industrial groups. The first column of the table shows registered factories. The columns " 1-2," " 3-5," &c., are, however, analysed according to production units in each industry, where they appear as separate " factories " classified according to the number of workers
82
District. Number of Registered Factories. Males. Females. Total : Workers. Number of Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown (Including Working Occupiers). Employees. Working Occupiers. Total. Employees. Working Occupiers. Total. 1-2. 3—5. 0-10. 11-20. 21-50. 51-100. 101 or More. Whangarei 629 2,406 671 3,077 231 46 277 3,354 300 197 91 27 9 • 3 2 Auckland 3,477 27,126 2,879 30,005 10,622 426 11,048 41,053 •1,264 994 530 307 270 85 53 Hamilton 1,099 4,531 1,009 5,540 854 92 946 6,486 471 387 157 45 26 10 3 Taumarunui 144 802 171 973 88 2 90 1,063 52 46 19 16 8 2 1 Paeroa 363 1,281 241 1,522 265 •10 275 1,797 200 94 44 14 7 2 2 Tauranga 202 660 209 869 95 18 113 982 72 85 26 10 9 Rotorua 393 2,166 379 2,545 166 19 185 2,730 178 97 52 47 17 2 Gisborne 504 2,169 528 2,697 215 81 296 2,993 250 167 64 23 9 3 Napier 326 1,202 302 1,504 472 24 496 2,000 127 ' 100 72 13 9 4 1 Hastings 475 2,887 454 3,341 430 37 467 3,808 220 ■ 148 64 36 3 2 3 New Plymouth 872 4,121 630 4,751 572 47 619 5,370 367 270 • 146 58 24 5 2 Wanganui 708 3,184 667 3,851 818 45 863 4,714 337 214 84 44 24 4 5 Palmerston North • 1,062 4,217 1,111 5,328 1,133 101 1,234 ' 6,562 510 326 126 61 27 7 5 Masterton 385 1,699 387 2,086 280 26 306 2,392 174 116 58 27 10 1 Lower Hutt 564 5,103 500 5,603 1,583 39 1,622 7,225 228 164 78 37 33 ' 10 14 Wellington 1,796 9,749 1,716 11,465 4,841 316 5,157 16,622 715 457 285 183 104 32 20 Blenheim 270 956 203 1,159 199 14 213 1,372 112 96 47 8 5 2 Nelson 455 1,956 417 2,373 . 503 26 529 2,902 173 163 76 28 8 5 2 Westport 113 299 94 393 62 6 68 461 55 39 22 3 1 Greymouth 319 1,007 327 1,334 217 15 232 1,566 140 95 58 20 6 1 Christchurch 2,277 15,220 1,559 16,779 5,745 256 6,001 22,780 954 644 296 187 130 35 ' *39 Ashburton 186 973 155 1,128 150 8 158 1,286 73 65 35 10 1 2 Timaru 526 2,719 559 3,278 610 44 654 3,932 222 169 81 27 17 5 5 Oamaru 196 963 154 1,117 106 17 123 1,240 105 57 17 9 6 2 Dunedin 1,555 8,794 1,482 10,276 3,561 191 3,752 14,028 701 438 195 101 77: '*29 17 Invercargill 804 4,500 854 5,354 575 37 612 5,966 336 254 131 55 36 1 6 New Zealand .. 19,700 110,690 17,658 128,348 34,393 1,943 36,336 164,684 8,326 5,882 2,854 1,396 875 243 192
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Table XII—Factories, by Industries, Showing Numbers Employed and Working Occupiers at 31st March, 1949
83
Industrial Group. Number of Registerec Factories Males. Females. Total Workers. Number of Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown (Including Working Occupiers). Employees Working Occupiers Total. Employees. Working ' Occupiers. Total. 1-2. 3-5. 6-10. 11-20. 21-50. J 51-100. 101 or ' More. Food, Drink, and Tobacco — Meat freezing and processing Dairy factories Other food and drink Tobacco-manufacture Sub-total Textiles, Clothing, LeatherWoollen and knitting mills Clothing-manufacture ... Footwear manufacture and repair Tanneries, furs, and leather goods Other textiles Sub-total Building-materials and Furnishings — Timber-milling and joinery Furniture and other wood-manufacture .. Bricks, pottery, cement Sub-total Engineering and Metalworking — Machinery and metalworking Ships, engines, vehicles, Sub-total Other Industry — Paper, pulp, and printing Other manufacturing Sub-total Power and Water-supply — Sub-total Factories Attached to Non-manufacturing Industries — Forestry and bush sawmilling Mining and quarrying Building and construction Other* 231 372 1,961 9 16,014 3,955 7,981 417 172 205 1,797 6 16,186 4,160 9,778 423 403 166 3,346 654 2 '500 405 166 3,846 654 16,591 4,326 13,624 1,077 72 28 811 71 83 759 2 24 150 236 17 75 80 2 16 30 58 1 6 2 24 3 33 5 15 3 2,573 28,367 2,180 30,547 4,569 502 5,071 35,618 911 915 410 174 105 35 56 85 1,552 708 315 207 1,989 2,674 2,703 1,878 2,180 55 800 692 286 146 2,044 3,474 3,395 2,164 2,326 2,249 14,194 1,922 579 1,488 23 818 13 23 39 2,272 15,012 1,935 602 1,527 4,316 18,486 5,330 2,766 3,853 17 543 543 145 49 12 310 64 70 47 15 243 22 37 48 13 243 26 36 28 11 153 31 22 25 4 50 15 4 6 13 18 10 4 9 .2,867 11,424 1,979 13,403 20,432 916 21,348 34,751 1,297 503 365 346 242 79 54 632 1,036 616 4,705 4j255 4,909 546 1,106 573 5,251 5,361 5,482 38 303 190 1 28' 2 39 331 192 5,290 5,692 5,674 191 501 158 193 282 227 139 132 135 83 80 55 27 40 33 4 8 6 5 "6 2,284 13,869 2,225 16,094 531 31 562 16,656 850 702 406 218 100 18 11 2,333 2,597 16,345 12,863 2,318 2,780 18,663 15,643 1,377 395 20 11 1,397 406 20,060 16,049 1,030 1,037 623 873 342 425 141 167 140 73 42 16 11 4,930 29,208 5,098 34,306 1,772 31 1,803 36,109 2,067 1,496 767 308 213 58 38 684 532 5,372 5,077 586 406 5,958 5,483 2,317 1,767 84 32 2,401 1,799 8,359 7,282 180 184 200 146 142 76 73 55 57 44 21 15 ft 16 1,216 10,449 992 11,441 4,084 116 4,200 15,641 364 346 218 128 101 36 25 172 1,700 68 1,768 7 7 1,775 40 58 38 18 14 1 ? 500 107 1,024 4,027 3,322 451 2,807 9,093 588 55 1,103 3,370 3,910 506 3,910 12,463 16 6 67 2,909 1 2 344 17 6 69 3,253 3,927 512 3,979 15,716 95 412 2,263 162 45 390 1,265 146 32 186 286 74 1 24 105 23 1 4 72 14 1 ' 4 Sub-total Total, all industries .. .. 1 5,658 15,673 5,116 20,789 2,998 347 3,345 1 24,134 2,797 1,862 650 204 100 16 5 19,700 1 110,690 1 17,658 : 128,348 34,393 1,943 i 56,336 Il64,684 8,326 5,882 1 2,854 1 1,396 1 875 243 102 * Includes for example, workshops attached to service stations, work-rooms attached to retail establishments, boiler-houses attached to institutions, <frc. See also footnotes (a) and (6) to Table XI.
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Diagram II—Percentage Distribution of Factories and Factory Workers
84
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Table XIII—Factory Workers, by Districts, Showing Distribution According to Size of Factory at 31st March, 1949
85
District. Total Number of Workers (Including Working Occupiers). Numbers Working in Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown (Including Working Occupiers). 1-2. 3-5. 6-10. 11-20. 21-50. 51-100. 101 and Over. Whangarei 3,354 449 715 692 386 260 213 639 Auckland 41,053 1,915 3,600 4,031 4,596 8,605 5,947 12,359 Hamilton .. 6,486 763 1,406 1,174 625 812 721 985 Taumarunui 1,063 84 159 165 223 198 127 107 Paeroa 1,797 302 351 326 202 182 148 286 Tauranga 982 114 299 188 149 232 Rotorua 2,730 275 337 404 680 478 556 Gisborne 2,993 368 610 494 322 303 896 Napier 2,000 208 357 558 202 256 267 152 Hastings 3,808 369 561 395 435 202 «. 135 1,711 New Plymouth 5,370 587 965 1,125 840 747 299 807 Wanganui 4,714 534 766 627 653 717 242 1,175 Palmerston North 6,562 790 1,180 914 926 782 474 1.496 Masterton 2,392 271 403 441 386 286 605 Lower Hutt 7,225 390 554 618 627 966 598 3,472 Wellington 16,622 1,103 1,680 2,209 2,669 3,177 2,131 3,653 Blenheim 1,372 172 354 353 114 130 249 Nelson 2,902 280 581 639 426 196 423 357 Westport 461 84 129 158 63 27 Greymouth 1,566 198 358 470 269 204 67 Christchurch .. 22,780 1,480 2,325 2,322 2,822 4,182 2,405 7,244 Ashburton 1,286 119 236 269 .138 73 451 Timaru 3,932 352 582 615 408 524 344 1,107 Oamaru 1,240 160 202 130 124 187 437 . Dunedin 14,028 1,021 1,520 1,476 1,522 2,608 2* 126 3,755 Invercargill 5,966 529 893 1,053 811 1,104 57 1,519 New Zealand 164,684 12,917 21,123 21,846 20,618 27,365 16,797 44,018-
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Table XIV—Factory Workers, by Industries, Showing Distribution According to Size of Factory at 31st March, 1949
86
Industry. Total Number of Workers Numbers Working in Factories Employing Number of Workers Shown (Including Working Occupiers). (Including Working Occupiers).* 1-2. 3—5. 6-10. 11-20. 21-50. 51-100. 101 or More. Food, Drink, and Tobacco — Meat freezing and processing .. Dairy factories Other food and drink Tobacco-manufacturing 16,591 4,326 13,624 1,077 105 51 1,321 239 315 2,721 204 1,139 1,785 240 1,102 1,156 32 527 832 1,933 24 454 194 1,532 205 14,822 693 3,176 816 Sub-total 35,618 1,477 3,275 3,128 2,530 3,316 2,385 19,507 Textiles, Clothing, Leather— Woollen and knitting mills .. Clothing manufacture Footwear manufacture and repair Tanneries, fur, and leather goods Other textiles 4,316 18,486 5,330 2,766 3,853 25 802 701 220 75 32 1,146 211 256 185 92 1,936 176 303 352 252 3,614 405 548 442 438 4,638 943 665 809 • 300 3,360 1,099 264 396 3,177 2,990 .1,795 510 1,594 Sub-total 34,751 1,823 1,830 2,859 5,261 7,493 5,419 10,066 Building-materials and FurnishTimber milling and joinery Furniture and other wood-manu-facture Bricks, pottery, cement 5,290 5,692 5,674 298 705 263 697 1,029 847 1,168 1,058 1,011 1,198 1,163 830 790 1,265 1,006 240 472 372 899 1,345 Sub-total 16,656 1,266 2,573 3,237 3,191 3,061 1,084 2,244 Engineering and Metalworking— Machinery and metalworking .. Ships, engines, vehicles 20,060 16,049 1,544 1,646 2,266 3,188 2,589 3,162 2,082 2,488 4,534 2,213 2,703 1,141 | 1 4,342 2,211 Sub-total 36,109 3,190 5,454 5,751 4,570 6,747 3,844 6,553 Other Industry— Paper, pulp, and printing .. Other manufacturing 8,359 7,282 277 331 745 523 1,105 586 1,044 887 1,888 1,312 1,436 1,320 1,864 | 2,323 Sub-total .. 15,641 608 1,268 1,691 1,931 3,200 2,756 4,187 Power and Water Supply— Sub-total 1,775 73 212 298 254 373 127 438 Factories Attached to Non-manu-facturing Industries— Forestry and bush sawmilling .. Mining and quarrying Building and construction Other* 3,927 512 3,979 15,716 162 46 706 3,566 610 165 1,397 4,339 1,187 227 1,301 2,167 1,067 29 267 1,518 588 45 174 2,368 i34 1,048 313 "710 Sub-total 24,134 4,480 6,511 4,882 2,881 3,175 1,182 1,023 Total, all industries 164,684 12,917 21,123 21,846 20,618 27,365 16,797 | 44,018 * Includes, for example, workshops attached to service stations, work-rooms attached to retail establishments, boiler-house attached to institutions, &c.
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Table XV—Accidents in Factories, Calendar Year 1948, by Age-groups*
Table XVI—Accidents in Factories, Calendar Year 1948, by Cause of Accident*
87
Age-group. Number of Accidents. | To Males. To Females. Total. Under 16 41 7 48 16 to 20 1,061 i 84 1,145 21 to 24 1,241 ! 63 1,304 25 to 34 .. 2,031 | 51 I • 2,082 35 to 44 .. 1,608 58 1,666 45 to 54 986 51 ! 1,037 55 and over 576 17 593 Not stated 238 9 247 Total 7,782 | | 340 8,122 4 * These are preliminary figures only, and include 597 accidents in " bush undertakings " reported under the Bush Workers Act, 1845. " Factory " accidents numbered 7,525. Source: Census and Statistics Department.
Cause. Number of Accide: 1946. | 1947. nts. 1948. Percentage Change, 1947 to "1948. Fixed machinery 1,161 1,277 1,767 + 38 Vehicles 54 126 139 + io Explosions and fires 190 192 207 + 8 Poisonous and corrosive substances 170 128 143 + 12 Electricity 12 15 22 + 47 Fall of persons 460 497 633 + 27 Stepping on or striking against fixed objects 319 353 367 + 4 Falling on otherwise moving objects 168 219 231 + 5 Falls of earth 2 2 5 + 150 Handling of objects 2,203 2,366 2,743 + 16 Hand-tools 1,353 1,563 1,501 - 4 Animals 36 Miscellaneous 296 425 328 — 23 Total .. 6,388 7,163 8,122 + 13 * These are preliminary figures only. The 1948 figures include 597 accidents in " bush undertakings " reported under the Bush Workers Act, 1945. " Factory." accidents numbered 7,525. Source: Census and Statistics Department.
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Table XVII —Minimum Wage-rates in Certain Occupations at 31st March, 1949
88
Occupation. Rate. .Weekly I Honrs. Bacon-workers £6 18s. 9d. to £8 5s. per week 9 . 40 Bakers £7 8s. per week .. .. .. 1 40 Biscuit and confectionery workers — Male £6 5s. to £7 16s. 9d. per week 40 Female £4 4s. per week 40 Boot operatives— Male 3s. 6fd. per hour 40 Female £4 6s. per week 40 Bricklayers 3s. 8|d. per hour 40 Brick, tile, and pottery workers— Male 3s. 2Jd. to 3s. 7d. per hour 40 Female £4 4s. per week, Dunedin 40 Butchers (retail shops) £7 4s. to £8 5s. per week 40 •Canister-workers— Male 3s. 7fd. per hour 40 Female £4 13s. 4d. per week 40 •Carpenters and joiners 3s. 9Jd. per hour 40 Cleaners and caretakers— Male £6 Is. 9d. to £6 12s. 3d. per week 40 Female £4 Os. 9d. per week 40 Clerical workers— Males £7 2s. 9d. per week 40 Female £4 lis. 3d. per week 40 Clothing-trade employees— ■ Male (Machinists) £7 7s. 6d. per week 40 Female £4 lis. per week 40 Coachworkers 3s. 6d. to 3s. 10£d. per hour 40 Cheese- and butter-factory employees £6 15s. to £8 Os. 2d. per week 40 Drivers — 1 (a) Motor £6 14s. 4d. to £7 9s. Id. per week 40 (b) Horse £6 lis. 3d. per week for one horse, 40 £6 14s. 4d. per week for two horses, and 6d. per day or 2s. 6d. per week extra for each horse above two (c) Passenger transport .. £7 3s. 4d. per week 40 Electrical workers— Tradesmen 3s. 7d. per hour 40 Linesmen 3s. 7d. per hour 40 Engine-drivers, firemen, and greasers— Drivers, 1st Class Certificate £7 2s. 9d. per week 40 Drivers, 2nd Class Certificate .. £6 13s. lOd. per week 40 Firemen and greasers £6 8s. 7d. per week 40 Engineering-trade employees 3s. 2d. to_ 3s. lOd. per hour 40 Flour-mill employees 3s. 4fd. to 3s. 10|d. per hour 40 Fur-workers — Male £8 per week 40 Female £4 lis. per week 40 Furniture-trade employees — Male .. ... 3s. 2d. to 3s. 7d. per hour 40 Clove workers — Male £7 7s. 6d. to £7 13s. 4d. per week 40 Female £4 lis. per week 40 ■Grocers' assistants £6 18s. 9d. per week 40 HairdressersMale £7 per week .. 40 Female £5 5s. 5d. per week 40 Labourers 3s. ljd. to 3s. 6Jd. per hour 40 Laundry workers— Male £6 lis. 8d. to £8 Is. per week 40 Female £4 3s. 4d. per week 40
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Table XVII—Minimum Wage-rates in Certain Occupations at 31st March, 1949—continued
89
Occupation. Rate. Weekly Hours. Motor-engineering-trade employees 3s. 4£d. to 3s. lOd. per hour 40 Painters and decorators 3s. 10|d. per hour 40 Plasterers 3s. 8|d. per hour 40 Plumbers 3s. lid. per hour 40 ■ Printing-trade employees— Typographical section £6 5s. 8d. to £7 14s. 2d. per week 40 Printing section £6 5s. 8d. to £7 6s. 8d. per week 40 Rubber-workers— Male £6 9s. 3d. to £8 Os. 9d. per week 40 Female £4 5s. 9d. per week 40 Shop-assistants—' Male £7 4s. per week 40 Female £4 15s. per week 40 ■Storemen and packers— Wholesale £6 10s. 6d. per week 40 Oil-stores £6 10s. 6d. per week 40 Wool, grain, &c., stores £6 10s. 6d. per week 40 Fruit and produce £6 10s. 6d. per week 40 Timber-yards and sawmills' employees 3s. 6fd. to 4s. 2|d. per hour 40 Tobacco-workers— Male £6 15s. 9d. per week 40 Female £4 3s. 5d. per week 40 Tramway employees— Drivers 3s. 7d. per hour 40 Conductors (after six months) 3s. 5d. per hour 40 Operators 3s. 8fd. per hour 40 Warehouse employees— Male £7 per week 40 Female £4 12s. per week 40 Woollen-mills' employees— i Male 3s. 3|d. to 3s. 8d. per hour 40 Female 2s. lfd. per hour 40
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Table XVIII—Apprenticeship Contracts Registered and Apprenticeship Contracts Completed During the Year Ended 31st March, 1949, and Apprenticeship Contracts in Force at 31st March, 1949
IST oxe 1. —Some trade headings used in previous years have been amalgamated with others because of new groupings of trades under New Zealand apprenticeship orders. These trades are as follows: blacksmithiug included under engineering; leadlight included under furniture; cycle-working included under other ; sail and tent making included under saddlery, Ac.; furriers included under clothing; tile-laying included under plastering; hatmaking included under clothing; wicker-working included under furniture. Note 2, —Districts administered by the District Commissioners include the following employment districts Auckland— Western North Island— Wellington— Canterbury—• Otaqo— Whangarei. New Plymouth. Napier. Westport. Oamaru. Auckland. Wanganui. Hastings. Grey mouth. Dunedin Hamilton. Palmerston North. Masterton. Christchurch. Invercargill. Taumarunui. Lower Hutt. Ashburton. Paeroa. Wellington. Timaru. Tauranga. Blenheim. Rotorua. Nelson. Gisborne.
90
Contracts Registered. - £ a® Commissioners District. i Trade. >6 | o V A •8-a £ s q I 3 j 6 6 I . O 0 1 KJ ft ll I 1 * . °| Jg SO f-.s s B ! S 0 & .5 1 | Baking Boatbuilding .. Boilermaking Boot-repairing Bricklaying Carpentering Clothing Coachbuilding Coopering Dentistry Electrical Engineering Motor engineering Footwear manufacturing Furniture Gardening Hairdressing Jewellery Masonry Moulding Painting Photo-engraving Plastering Plumbing Printing Saddlery, leather, and canvas goods Sheet-metal working .. Other 17 13 13 8 4 271 38 77 4 114 222 299 3 105 16 21 3 4 40 15 15 42 60 11 22 6 9 1 122 7 26 2 35 47 102 1 23 3 9 2 1 1 15 1 9 14 9 1 12 4 19 9 8 1 172 39 38 ' '4 56 119 126 2 69 19 8 1 4 38 5 15 31 43 1 6 fy 26 5 2 7 3 155 16 39 2' 32 95 97 71 i2 5 3 6 26 *8 21 29 1 8 3 23 1 5 6 146 14 28 ' '2 28 51 74 1 38 5 4 2 3 20 4 8 10 23 10 94 29 18 30 15 866 114 208 "i4 265 534 698 9 306 5 61 40 10 18 139 25 55 118 164 14 58 18 65 18 19 18 11 577 58 91 2 253 457 492 58 269 3 23 30 6 14 77 27 28 106 219 11 52 1 231 95 63 83 56 2,695 316 585 1 1,007 1,747 2,148 151 1,119 12 136 151 19 424 59 155 594 604 53 183 52 Total 1,443 458 842 674 508 3,925 2,992 12,868
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Table XIX—Scaffolding Accidents, by Age-groups*
Table XX—Scaffolding Accidents, by Cause of Accident*
91
Age-group. Number of Accidents (Calendar Years). 1946. 1947. 1948. Under 16 1 16 to 20 io 7 21 21 to 24 5 23 25 to 34 i6 29 46 35 to 44 8 17 35 45 to 54 10 13 18 55 and over 11 10 14 Not stated 1 4 1 Total 56 1 85 i 159 * These are preliminary figure s only. Source : Census and Statistics Department.
Number of Accidents (Calendar Years). Cause. 1946. 1947. 1948. Fixed machinery 5 8 21 Vehicles 1 Electricity 1 Fall of persons .. .. .. .. 25 32 46 Stepping on or striking against fixed objects . . 4 5 17 Falling or otherwise moving objects 5 3 5 Falls of earth . . .. . . .. 1 Handling of objects 9 27 54 Hand-tools 5 6 11 Miscellaneous 3 4 2 Total 56 85 159 * These are preliminary figures only. Source : Census and Statistics Department.
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Table XXI —Number of Inspections Carried Out
92
Number of Inspections during Year Ended 31st March, Authority. 1947. 1948. 1949. Factories Acts, 1921-22 and 1946 10,976 1 7,955 13,037 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 — 1 Shops .. .. 13,431 9,274 15,160 Offices 1,697 708 1,627 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, and awards 1,601 1,905 | 2,575 Servants Registry Offices Act, 1908 3 7 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 (Workingyconditions) — Dairy-farms 54 99 125 Farms and stations 110 39 70 Market gardens 20 , 237 80 Orchards .. .. .. 10 79 76 Tobacco-farms 4 6 12 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 (Accommodation) — Dairy-farms 39 86 128 Farms and stations 156 27 66 Market gardens 7 28 12 Orchards .. .. .. .. 11 Sawmills . . .. .. , .. 28 89 81 Flaxmills 1 1 Others .. .. .. .. .. ... 1 21 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 369 124 96 Footwear Regulation Act, 1913— Establishments 324 173 123 Shipments 46 325 409 Weights and Measures Act, 1925— Weighing-machines .. 3,971 ; 2,435 3,044 Weights 4,202 2,135 2,446 Measures 159 259 253 Petrol-pumps 758 476 868 Bread 4,444 8,053 7,297 . Coal 517 780 694 Net weight 11,705 28,870 41,889 Others .. .. .. .. .. 8 16 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 8,484 10,384 16,033 Apprentices Act, 1923 892 839 824 Occupational Re-establishment Emergency Regulations 1940 38 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 .. .. .. 3,275 1,407 iii Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 3,673 1,114 126 Others 2,535 1 3,159 1,993
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Table XXII— Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Employers) Investigated, Year Ended 31st March, 1949
93
Following Complaints. Following Inspections. rpuisiiiHrm Number of Number of g Cases Where Cases Cases . Warnings Cases Where Cases j Cases Warnings no Breach Resulting in Otherwise Total. Issued. no Breach Resulting in Otherwise Total. Issued. Disclosed. Prosecution. Disposed of. (Included in disclosed. Prosecution. Disposed of. (Included in Total.) Total) ' ' ' i 1 | I Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 .. .. 146 8 445 599 273 2 • ■ 104 106 62 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 .. .. .. 113 22 582 ; 717 1 423 : 2 2 1 502 506 352 Apprentices Act, 1923 .. .. .. 47 25 135 207. j 104 i 5 19 ! 378 402 331 Board of Trade (Footwear Marking) Regulations .. .. 1 1 1 1 3 ! 50 53 24 1946 Bush Workers Act, 1945 .. .. .. .. .. ,. 1 1 .. ! 11 285 j 280 , 244 Control of Prices Emergency Regulations 1939 .. .. .. 24 24 ; .. 1 .. i 5 ! 5 ' Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 22 i 6 12 40 i 10 9 1 73 83 j 59 1942 (wages) i ! ! Factories Act, 1946 .. .. .. . . | 64 21 683 768 ' 385 I 24 35 3,653 | 3,712 ! 2,627 ' Footwear Regulation Act, 1913 .. .. j 3 .. 0 9 i 6 .. .. 45 ! 45 45 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925 — Awards and agreements .. .. .. 1,202 125 3,128 | 4,455' i 2,429 j 51 26 2,676 j 2,751 2,265 Other .. .. . . .. .. 56 7 233 296 163 3 1 469 473 188 Lead Process Regulations 1925 .. .. • • 1 •• 1 •• •• •• 4 4 4 Minimum Wage Act, 1945 .. .. . . 36 8 95 134 j 66 I . • 87 87 72 Motor-spirit (Retail Hours) Regulations 1946 .. 2 j 3 5 3 .. | . Occupational Re-establishment Emergency Regu- 2 .. 3 5 1 .. .. lations 1940 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 .. .. 1 .. . 11 12 .. 1 25 494 520 409 Sharemilking Agreements Act, 1937 .... 2: .. 9 11 5 ... .. .. Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 .. .. 14 2 ' 135 161 111 .... 72 72 71 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 .. .. 47 5 249 301 215 201 2 899 1,102 708 Spray Painting Regulations 1940 .... .. .. 8 3 3 1 1 125 127 97 Strike and Lockout Emergency Regulations, 1939 3 .. 4 7 1 1 .. 2 3 Wages Protection and Contractors' Liens Act, 1939 15 .. -32 47 20 2 .. 2 Weights and Measures Act, 1925 .... 19 1 22 42 20 1 8 444 453 444 Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 .... 12 1 20 33 14 1 .. 173 174 141 Others. ... .. • ... • .. .. .. 7 3 10 3 .. .. 8 8 8 Totals .. .. .. .. 1,806 233 5,838 7,877 4,256 307 120 10,547 10,974 8,151 1
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Table XXIII—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Workers) Investigated, Year Ended 31st March, 1949
94
Following Complaints. Following Inspections. Legislation, 1 Number of ! • Number of Cases Where Cases Cases Warnings ! Cases Where Cases Cases Warnings no Breach Resulting in Otherwise Total. Issued. ! no Breach ■ Resulting in Otherwise Total. Issued. Disclosed, Prosecution. Disposed of. (Included in Disclosed. Prosecution. Disposed of. (Included in Total) 1 Total) 1 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 . . 3 6 10 19 10 * ' i 7 7 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 4 4 8 1 Apprentices Act, 1923 5 4 13 " 22 12 is 149 167 149 Economic Stabilization Emergencyi .1 2 1 1 1 Regulations 1942 (wages) Factories Act, 1946 i 1 1 1 ! Industrial Conciliation and 1 { Arbitration Act, 1925 — Awards and agreements 115 18 . 489 622 279 3 I 101 105 66 Other 2 86 88 64 ! 59 ! 59 39 Labour Disputes Investigation 1 1 Act, 1913 | Minimum Wage Act, 1945 1 1 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 3 3 3 1922 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 .. 1 1 Strike and Lockout Emergency 5 58 63 2i 1,246 1,246 eis Regulations 1939 Totals 130 35 662 827 388 4 19 1 1,567 1,590 883
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Table XXI V—Fair Rents Act, 1936,* and Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations (Rents)*: Alleged Breaches Investigated
95
Year Ended 31st March, 1 1947. 1 i j 1948. 1949 Number where no breach disclosed .. .. 78 36 123 Number resulting in! prosecution-— Charging of fines, premiums, &c. .. .. 2 2 13 Letting or selling within six months .. .. ! 2 I o Rent in excess of fair rent .. .. .. 2 7 Accepting or demanding rent in excess of basic rent .. ■ 8 2 io — 14 — 12 — 25 Number resulting iri warning .. .. .. 182 130 257 Number otherwise dealt with .. .. 291 330 504 Total alleged breaches .. .. 1 565 508 909 * Replaced from 3rd December, 1948, by Tenancy Act, 1948.
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Notes.—(a) E = taken against employer W = taken against worker. (6) There were 9 prosecutions under the Weights and Measures Act, 1925, during the year ended 31st March, 1949, resulting in 9 convictions, The total amount of fines was £23,
Table XXV—Prosecutions Taken and Results, Year Ended 31st March, 1949
96
T 1aL? Taken.° f Convictions. dismissed. Withdrawals. Total Amount Authority. of Fines. Excluding E. W. E. W. E. W. E. W. E. W. Costs. i I j £ s. d. Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 .. .. .. 8 6 4 | 3 .. 6 -1 .. 900 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 . . . . . . 24 4 12 4 2 ... 3 .. ! 7 . . 40 11 0 Apprentices Act, 1-923 .. .. .. ,. 44 22 j 38 20 1 2 5 .. 142 0 0 Factories Act, 1946 . . . . . . .. 56 .. j 54 ... 1 1 . . . . 181 10 0 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925— Awards and agreements .. .. 151 19 91 7 21 1 34 3 5 8 206 19 6 Other . . .. .. . . . . 7 2 | 3 1 3 . . 1 ] .. . . 7 8 0 Minimum Wage Act, 1945 .. .. .. 3 .. 2 . . .. .. 1 .. .. .. 5 10 0 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 .. .. 25 .. 23 .. 2 ... .. .. .. .. 89 10 0 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 .. ., 2 ... 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 600 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 .. .. .. 7 1 5 1 2 12 0 0 Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 7 6 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 15 00 (wages) Others .. .. .. .. .. . 10 .. 6 .. 1 .. 2 .. 1 .. 25 0 0 Total—1948-49 .. .. .. ..344 54 246 33 36 1 43 12 19 8 740 8 6 1.947-48 . . .. . . .. I 315 j 74 j 189 47 ! 50 j 16 66 | 9 9 ' 628 6 5 1 1 - .11.1 1 1 1
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Table XXVI —Civil Proceedings for Recovery of Wages on Behalf of Workers, Year Ended 31st March, 1949
Table XXVII —Number of Requisitions for Improvements Served*
* Note. —Many of these requisitions required improvements in two or more ways, so that the number of improvements effected is in excess of the number of requisitions shown.
4—H 11
97
Authority. Number of Cases. Judgment for Plaintiff. Judgment for Defendant or Otherwise Disposed of. Total Amount for Which Judgment Obtained, Excluding Costa. Annual Holidays Act, 1944 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925— Awards and agreements Other Apprentices Act, 1923 4 4 49 1 1 3 2 19 1 1 2 30 1 £ s. d. 23 11 10 64 9 3 655 4 4 40 4 0 Total—1948-49 59 25 34 783 9 5 1947-48 74 31 43 1,618 0 9 1946-47 58 24 34 616 12 1
Authority. 1946. 1947. 1948. Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 53 52 92 Bush Workers Act, 1945 74 306 252 Factories Act, 1946 881 1,538 3,126 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925— Awards and agreements 75 162 557 Other 148 133 18 Lead Process Regulations 1925 4 9 4 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 98 90 194 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 2 2 22 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 79 151 299 Spray Painting Regulations 1940 10 4 108 Total 1,424 2,418 4,672
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Table XXVIII —Arrears of Wages Paid at Instigation of Department, Year Ended 31st March, 1949
98
Authority Paid Through Department. Paid Directly to Workers. Total. 4- • j : ■ i 5 £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Agricultural Workers. Act, 1936 3,077 16 5 820 14 8 3,898 11 1 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 : 1,950 9 3 1,224 0 11 3,174 10 2 Apprentices Act, 1923 571 4 5 1,839 13 1 2,410 17 6 Factories Act, 1946 150 2 3 396 0 0 546 2 3 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925— Awards and agreements 22,710 0 7 22,867 11 8 45,577 12 3 Other 3 0 0 3 0 0 Minimum Wage Act, 1945 1,041 5 4 759 4 10 1,800 10 2 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 40 7 5 236 11 0 276 18 5 Wages Protection and Contractors' Liens 536 15 10 29 0 0 565 15 10 Act, 1939 Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 48 4 4 1 15 0 49 19 4 Others ; .. .. 116 5 2 46 1 7 162 6 9 Total,; 1948-49 .. 30,245 11 0 28,220 12 9 58,446 3 9 : 1947-48 .. 25,299 17 0 25,839 10 6 51,139 7 6
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APPENDIX II Return Pursuant to Section 17 of the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, Showing the Number of Affiliated Unions in Each Industrial Association and the Number of Members in Each Industrial Union Registered Under the Act to 31st December, 1948 (As a matter of convenience, registrations, cancellations, and changes of name subsequent to 31st December, 1948, and up to and including 30tli June, 1949, have also been shown.)
INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF EMPLOYERS
99
Number of "R orr Affiliated xteg. No. Name. Unions, December, 1948. 1727 New Zealand Bacon Curers' 4 1732 New Zealand Master Bakers' and Pastrycooks' 10 526 New Zealand Federated Builders and Contractors 19 1672 New Zealand Master Butchers' 17 1655 New Zealand Master Carriers and Customhouse Agents' 4 1869 New Zealand Dairy Factories 5 1886 New Zealand Fibrous Plaster Manufacturers .. 3 1593 New Zealand Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Allied Products Manufacturing 3 1845 New Zealand Furniture and Furnishing Trades 4 1253 New Zealand Federated Ironmasters 4 1623 New Zealand United Licensed Victuallers' 22 *1041 New Zealand Motor Body Builders' 1043 New Zealand Federated Newspaper Proprietors' 4 1260 New Zealand Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners' New Zealand Federated Master Painters', Decorators', and Sign writers' 2 1314 7 893 New Zealand Federation of Master Plumbers' 11 724 New Zealand Master Printers' 7 1809 New Zealand Private Hotel Keepers' 4 1844 New Zealand Soap Manufacturers 4 1731 New Zealand Tanners' 3 1868 New Zealand Theatre Proprietors '.. 3 1248 New Zealand Waterside Employers' Association 10 Totals : Number of associations as at 31st December, 1948, 22 150 * Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1948.
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INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF WORKERS
100
Number of Affiliated Jtteg. No. Name. Unions, December, 1948. 1318 New Zealand Federated Biscuit and Confectionery and Related Trades 5 561 New Zealand Federated Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship and Bridge Builders' .. 3 1791 New Zealand Federated Brush and Broom Trade Employees' 4 1949 New Zealand Federated Building Trade 4 1884 New Zealand Federated Caretakers', Cleaners', Lift Attendants' and Watchmen's 4 1796 New Zealand Federated Clerical and Office Staff Employees' 7 124 New Zealand Federated Clothing Trade Employees 4 473 New Zealand Federated Coach and Motor Body Builders and Related Trades 4 1225 Federated Cooks and Stewards of New Zealand 2 1948 New Zealand Federated Dental Technicians and Assistants 4 1978 North Island Federated Fertilizer Workers .. 2 1748 New Zealand Federated'Fire Brigades Employees 4 1522 New Zealand Federated Flourmill Employees' 6 53 New Zealand Federated Footwear Trade 5 1706 New Zealand Freezing Works and Related Trades 5 772 New Zealand Federated Furniture and Related Trade 6 1968 North Island Gold Mines Employees Federation 5 1916 South Island Gold Dredge and Alluvial Gold Mines Employees 3 1963 North Island Federated Herd Testers' 3 729 New Zealand Federated Hotel Restaurant and Related Trades Employees' 9 1831 New Zealand Federated Jewellers', Watchmakers' and Related Trades 2 866 New Zealand Journalists' 7 1315 New Zealand Federated Labourers and Related Trades 7 1453 New Zealand Federated Motion Picture Projectionists' 5 275 New Zealand Federated Moulders' 4 567 New Zealand Federated Painters and Decorators' 14 1767 New Zealand Federated Paint and Varnish Manufacturing Employees' 2 824 New Zealand Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 12 1779 New Zealand Federated Saddlers, Canvas Workers, Riggers and Related Trades .. 4 1306 Federated Seamen's Union of New Zealand 3 1218 New Zealand Federated Shop Assistants' 19 1238 New Zealand Federated Storemen and Packers' (other than in Retail Shops) and Warehouse Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 9 869 New Zealand Federated Theatrical and Places of Amusement Employees' 3 1419 Grey Valley and Buller Underviewers and Deputies' 2 912 New Zealand Federated Woollen Mills and Hosiery Factories Employees' 4 Totals : Number of associations as at 31st December, 1948, 35 186
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS
101
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. BACON-CURERS 1675 Auckland Bacon Curers' 1 9 1629 Wellington Industrial District Bacon Curers' 11 1741 Canterbury Bacon Curers' .. .. .. .. .. 5 1645 Otago and Southland Bacon Curers' ... 1 12 BAKERS 330 Auckland Master Bakers' and Pastrycooks 282 1756 Taranaki Master Bakers and Pastrycooks' 47 106 Wellington Master Bakers 71 1762 Manawatu, Southern Hawkes Bay and Wairarapa Master Bakers 54 1659 Nelson Master Bakers' and Pastrycooks' .. .. r. 25 1959 Westland Master Bakers' 12 297 Canterbury Master Bakers' 127 1736 Christchurch Cake Bakery and Cake Kitchen 12 189 Otago Master Bakers 37 1894 Southland Master Bakers' and Pastrycooks' 41 BOOKSELLERS 1559 Wellington Retail Booksellers' and Newsagents' 13 1579 Wanganui Retail Booksellers' and Newsagents' 10 1631 Palmerston North Retail Booksellers' and Newsagents' 13 1688 Hawke's Bay Retail Booksellers Stationers and Newsagents 14 1578 Invercargill Retail Booksellers' and Newsagents' .. .. .. 7 BOOT-MANUFACTURERS 6 I New Zealand Boot Manufacturers' Association 1 81 BRICK, PIPE, AND CLAY PRODUCTS 1649 | North Island Brick, Clay Products and Concrete Pipe Manufacturers' .. .. j 6 BRICKLAYING CONTRACTORS 1934 | I Otago Bricklaying Contractors' | 23 BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS 164 Auckland Master Builders 338 370 Gisborne Builders and Contractors' .. 36 1443 Waikato Master Builders' 97 1438 Rotorua and Bay of Plenty Master Builders' 34 1974 Western Bay of Plenty Master Builders' 24 1927 Taumarunui Master Builders' 12 204 Taranaki Master Builders' 71 1390 Hawke's Bay Builders' and Contractors' 104 1385 Wairarapa Master Builders' 39
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS —continued
102
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. 1 BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS—continued 1343 Manawatu Master Builders' and Contractors' 76 418 Wanganui Builders and Contractors' 47 101 Wellington Braiders Joiners'and Contractors' 210 1739 Nelson Master Builders 71 1917 Marlborough Builders' and Contractors' 28 113 Builders and Contractors' Association of Canterbury 164 1987 Ashburton Master Builders 11 .1320 South Canterbury Builders' and Contractors' 40 337 Otago Builders' and Contractors' 100 406 Southland Builders and Contractors' 54 BUTCHERS 1947 North Auckland Master Butchers' .. .. .. ... 42 464 Auckland Provincial Master Butchers' .. .. 143 1956 Auckland Butchers (Multiple Shops) 3 838 Poverty Bay Master Butchers' 20 1281 South Auckland Master Butchers' 140 1562 Taranaki Master Butchers' 56 1451 Manawatu Master Butchers' .. .. 43 1448 Wanganui Master Butchers' 30 1437 Wellington Master Butchers' 91 1666 Wairarapa Master Butchers' 15 1984 Marlborough Butchers 8 1870 Nelson Master Butchers' 12 1853 Westland Master Butchers' 20 430 Canterbury Butchers' 122 1926 South Canterbury Master Butchers 26 1986 Oamaru and Suburban Master Butchers' 11 891 Dunedin and Suburban Master Butchers' 63 1280 Dunedin and Suburban Pork Butchers' 5 560 Invercargill and Suburban Master Butchers 54 CANISTER MAKERS 1885 | New Zealand Canister Makers .. .. .. .. .. .. | 3 CARDBOARD-BOX MAKERS t2007 j New Zealand Cardboard Package and Paper Bag Manufacturers' .. .. j *1687 | North Island Cardboard Box, Carton, and Paper Bag Makers' .. .. .. | 9' CARRIERS 348 Auckland and Suburban General Carriers and Coal Merchants 60 1561 Waipa Master Carriers' .. 27 1790 Gisborne Carriers' 10 1118 Wellington General Carriers' and Customhouse and Forwarding Agents 66 324 Canterbury Employers of Drivers' 56 1472 Otago Carriers' and Customs Agents' 41 CHARTERED CLUBS 1909 New Zealand Chartered Clubs .. .. .. .. .. .. j 53 * Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1948. t Registered subsequent to 31st 1948. December,
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
103
Reg. No. Name. Nuimber of Members, Deperaber, 1948. CLOTHING TRADES 122 Auckland Master Tailors 41 447 Taranaki Master Tailors' 12 815 Wellington Clothing Manufacturers' 12 1197 Wellington Soft-goods Manufacturers 29 1840 Wellington Industrial District Furriers' .. 9 831 Christchurch Clothing Manufacturers' 47 125 Christchurch Master Tailors' .. 20 313 Dunedin Master Tailors .. .. .. .. 11 COACHBUILDERS. (See Motor Industries) COAL-MERCHANTS. (See also Carriers) 1582 Wellington Coal Merchants' and Dealers' .. . • .. .. 1 37 1550 Dunedin and Suburban Coal Merchants' .. .. .. .. 57 CONCRETE-GOODS MANUFACTURERS. (See also Brick, &c., Products) 1855 North Island Concrete Products and Pumice Goods (except concrete pipes) 15 Manufacturers' 1859 North Canterbury Concrete and Pumice Products (except concrete pipes) 3 Manufacturers' CONFECTIONERS 1482 | Wellington District Manufacturing Confectioners' 1 7 COUNTY COUNCILS 1772 | New Zealand County Councils .. .. .. .. .. | 123 DAIRY FACTORIES 1857 Auckland Dairy Factories 41 605 Taranaki Dairying and Farming 56 1356 Wellington Dairy Factories' 74 1961 Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson and Westland Dairy Factories 29 1919 Otago and Southland Dairy Factories 57 DENTAL EMPLOYERS 1988 | I New Zealand Dental Employers' | 463 DRAINLAYERS 1982 j Wellington (30 miles radius) Drainlayers' .. .. .. .. .. I 10 DRAPERS, MILLINERS, MERCERS, AND CLOTHIERS (RETAILERS) 1921 | New Zealand Drapers', Clothiers', Mercers', Milliners' and Boot Retailers' 1 2,750 ELECTRICAL TRADE 1689 New Zealand Electric Power Boards' and Supply Authorities' 71 1577 Wellington Electrical Contractors' 48 1580 Wellington Wholesale Electrical Traders' 42 1769 Wellington Storage Battery Manufacturers 4 1702 Canterbury Electrical Contractors'.. 51 1633 Otago Electrical Traders' .. .. 31 1634 Otago Electrical Contractors' 44 ELECTROPLATERS 1615 | Wellington District Electroplaters' .. .. .. .. .. | 8
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
104
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. ENGINEERS AND IRON AND BRASS FOUNDERS 1252 Auckland Ironmasters' 55 1019 Jas. J. Niven and Company Limited 1 1105 Wellington Engineers, Metal Workers, and Iron and Brassfounders 92 1247 Christchurch Engineers, Metal Workers, and Iron and Brass Founders 29 1087 Dunedin Engineers Metal Workers, and Iron and Brassfounders' 28 FARMERS 1685 New Zealand Agricultural and Related Farmers' 169 1684 New Zealand Dairy Farmers' 166 1704 New Zealand Fruitgrowers' .. .. .. .. .. 394 1590 New Zealand Commercial Gardeners' 1,272 1673 New Zealand Sheepowners' 435 1621 Nelson District Hopgrowers' .. .. .. .. .. 8 FIRE BOARDS 1867 New Zealand Fire Boards' .. .. .. .. .. | 60 FLORISTS 1798 Wellington Industrial District Florists' .. .. .. .. 1 14 FOODSTUFFS 1584 Wellington District Drug, Chemical, Condiment, Patent Food and Medicine 50 Manufacturers 1875 Canterbury Sauce, Pickle, Preserved Food and Starch Manufacturers' 5 FREEZING COMPANIES 1999 i New Zealand Freezing Companies' .. .. .. .. .. | 31 FROZEN PRODUCTS 1514 l New Zealand Frozen Products Manufacturers' ... .. .. .. | 11 FURNITURE AND FURNISHING TRADE 911 Auckland Furniture and Furnishing 33 1022 Wellington Furniture and Furnishing Trade 46 1770 Wellington Flock, Felt and Spring Manufacturers' 5 141 Christchurch Furniture Makers .. .. .. 10 1878 Otago Furniture and Furnishing Trades 7 GAS-METER MANUFACTURERS 1698 1 Wellington Gas Meter Manufacturers' .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 GASWORKS 1954 I New Zealand Gasworks' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | 32 GATE, FENCE, AND WIRE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS 1744 | Wellington District Gate Fence and Wire Products Manufacturers' .. .. | 5 GLASS, OIL, COLOUR, PAINT, AND WALLPAPER 1620 I Wellington Glass, Oil, Colour, Paint and Wallpaper Merchants' .. .. j 22 1966 | Otago Glass Bevelling, Silvering and Leadlight Manufacturers' .. .. | 4
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
105
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. GROCERS 1566 Auckland Chain Grocery Stores 8 1713 Auckland Master Grocers' 1140 1690 Gisborne Master Grocers' 60 1229 Taranaki Provincial Retail Grocers' 177 1421 Wellington Chain Grocery Stores 6 1123 Wellington Grocers' 255 1589 Nelson District Master Grocers' .. .. .. .. .. 90 1422 Canterbury Chain? Grocery Stores 3 1368 Canterbury Master Grocers' .. ' .. 22 302 Otago Grocers' 330 664 Southland Grocers' 200 HAIRDRESSERS AND TOBACCONISTS 1876 Auckland Ladies Hairdressing and Beauty Salon Proprietors' 11 1581 Wellington Ladies' Hairdressing Salon Proprietors' 35 1860 Wellington Tobacconists' and Hairdressers' 82 1069 Christchurch Hairdressers' and Tobacconists' 151 1724 North Canterbury Ladies' Hairdressers' 50 HARBOUR BOARDS 1725 New Zealand Harbour Boards' .. .. .. .. .. | 22 HARDWARE-MERCHANTS 1426 Briscoe, E. W. Mills and Company, Ltd. .. .. .. .. I 1 HAT-MANUFACTURERS 1497 | | Wellington District Hat Manufacturers' and Milliners' .. .. 1 5 HOSPITAL BOARDS 1883 1 New Zealand Hospital Boards 1 45 HOTELKEEPERS (LICENSED) 736 Auckland Licensed Victuallers' Association 192 1599 Poverty Bay Licensed Victuallers' .. .. .. • - 31 516 Taranaki Licensed Victuallers' 11 1610 Egmont Licensed Victuallers' 17 1611 Patea Licensed Victuallers' 17 1612 Stratford Licensed Victuallers' 12 1607 Hawke's Bay Licensed Victuallers' .. .. • • 49 1597 Wellington Licensed Victuallers' .. 72 1601 Wairarapa Licensed Victuallers' 18 1602 Palmerston North Licensed Victuallers' 21 1604 Manawatu Licensed Victuallers' 8 1605 Rangitikei Licensed Victuallers' 11 1606 Wanganui Licensed Victuallers' 17 1553 Marlborough Licensed Hotel-keepers' 16 1583 Nelson Licensed Victuallers' 30 1600 Westport Licensed Victuallers' 17 1996 Inangahua Licensed Victuallers' .. 17 1815 Greymouth Licensed Victuallers' 50 459 Canterbury Licensed Victuallers' 127 1598 Waitaki Licensed Victuallers' 5 1614 Timaru Licensed Victuallers' 23 1608 Dunedin Licensed Victuallers 93 1749 Southland Licensed Victuallers .. .. 55
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
106
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. 1496 1825 1742 1745 HOTELKEEPERS (PRIVATE) Wellington Private Hotelkeepers' .. .. Hawke's Bay Private Hotel and Boardinghouse Keepers' Canterbury Private Hotel Proprietors' Otago Private Hotelkeepers .. .. 11 2 13 6 1505 1504 1564 JAM-MANUFACTURERS Thompson and Hills Ltd. S. Kirkpatrick and Co., Ltd. .. .. .. .... Dunedin Canning Co., Ltd. 1 1 1 1569 JEWELLERS Wellington District Manufacturing Jewellers', Die Sinkers', Silversmiths', Engravers' and Watchmakers' 8 1508 1473 1735 LAUNDRYMEN Auckland Laundrymen, Dyers and Dry Cleaners' Wellington District Laundrymen, Dyers and Dry Cleaners' South Island Laundrymen, Dry Cleaners' and Dyers' .. .. 20 18 18 1842 LIME-MANUFACTURERS Wellington District Lime Manufacturers .. .. .. .. 1 6 1737 MILLERS. (See also Threshing-mill owners and Sawmillers) New Zealand Flour, Oatmeal and Pearl Barley Millers' I 37 163 318 *88 MINE-OWNERS (COAL AND GOLD) Taupiri Coal Mines' Limited Otago -and Southland Gold-mining Westport Coal Company, Limited 1 4 1802 1 2005 | MOTOR INDUSTRIES New Zealand Motor Trade .. .. .. .. .. New Zealand Motor Body Builders' .. .. .. .. .. I 45 162 1257 1 1255 | NURSEYMEN AND LANDSCAPE GARDENERS Auckland Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners' .. .. .. .. 1 Wellington Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners' .. .. .. .. j 32 74 1537 | OPTICIANS Wellington Industrial District Opticians .. .. .. .. .. | 12 472 1983 131 2004 1677 t2010 1321 1997 343 PAINTERS AND DECORATORS Auckland Guild of Master Painters', Decorators' and Signwriters' Hawke's Bay Master Painters, Decorators and Signwriters Wellington Master Painters Decorators and- Signwriters Manawatu Master Painters', Decorators' and Signwriters' Wanganui Master Painters' and Decorators' Nelson and Marlborough Master Painters, Decorators and Signwriters' North Canterbury Master Painters', Signwriters' and Decorators' South Canterbury Master Painters', Signwriters' and Decorators' Otago Painters' .. .. . • • • • • 300 24 150 22 28 60 24 53 * Defunct; in process of cancellation t Keeistered subsequent to 31st December, 1948
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
107
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. PAINT AND VARNISH MANUFACTURERS M81 Wellington District Paint, Varnish and Allied Products Manufacturers' 1 14 PASSENGER TRANSPORT 1998 New Zealand Motor Omnibus and Service Car Proprietors 62 *2008 New Zealand Tramways and Public Passenger Transport Authorities PHOTO ENGRAVERS 1967 Wellington Photo Engravers' 1 6 PLASTERERS fl778 Auckland District Plasterers' and Fibrous Plasterers' .. .. 55 1733 Wellington Industrial District Plasterers and Fibrous Plasterers' 25 1383 Canterbury Master Plasterers' 17 1866 Otago and Southland Fibrous Plasterers' 7 PLUMBERS 571 Auckland Master Plumbers 250 142 Thomas Ballinger and Company, Limited .. .. .. .. 1 1274 Wanganui District Master Plumbers 29 1977 Manawatu—Wairarapa Master Plumbers 53 1969 Hutt Valley Master Plumbers' 29 886 Wellington Master Plumbers' 68 1985 Nelson Master Plumbers' .. 20 1925 Westland Master Plumbers' 9 894 Christchurch Master Plumbers' .. .. .. . . 65 1557 Timaru Master Plumbers' 15 867 Dunedin Plumbers' 43 875 Invercargill Plumbers' 36 PRINTERS AND NEWSPAPER-PROPRIETORS 539 Auckland Master Printers and Allied Trades 82 1070 Auckland Provincial Newspaper Proprietors' .. 15 1776 Auckland Stationery Manufacturers' 4 979 Gisborne Master Printers and Book-binders' 3 861 Taranaki Master Printers', Lithographers' and Bookbinders' 9 1361 Wairarapa Master Printers and Allied Trades 5 644 Wellington Master Printers' Lithographers' and Bookbinders' 27 948 Wellington Newspaper Proprietors' 13 1800 Wellington Stationery Manufacturers' .. .. .. .. ' 6 694 Canterbury Master Printers' 32 914 Canterbury Newspaper Proprietors' 4 1072 Timaru Master Printers and Bookbinders' 6 519 Whitcombe and Tombs, Limited .. .. • 1 936 Otago and Southland Newspaper Proprietors' 6 325 Otago Master Printers .. 32 RABBIT BOARDS 1833 | New Zealand Rabbit Boards' .. .. .. .. .. .. | 84 RADIO MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS 1804 Auckland Provincial Radio Traders' 108 1643 Wellington Radio Traders' 46 1786 Wellington Radio Manufacturers' 9 1808 1 i Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson and Westland Radio Traders' 46 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1948. t Change of name to Auckland Provincial Plasterers' and Fibrous Plasterers' recorded 14th April, 1949.
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
108
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. RESTAURANT-PROPRIETORS 1491 Wellington Tea Rooms, Restaurant and Refreshment Room Proprietors' RETAILERS 75 1980 1912 Auckland Fruit and Vegetable Retailers Wellington United Retailers (other than Booksellers, Butchers, Florists, Grocers, Hairdressers, Opticians, Tobacconists, Tea-room and Restaurant Proprietors or Retailers of Drapery, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Furniture, Radios and Wood and Coal) SADDLERY, HARNESS, AND LEATHER GOODS MANUFACTURERS 17 40 1780 1549 Auckland Saddle, Bridle, Harness Collar and Bag Manufacturers' Wellington Industrial District Saddlers' Harness Makers', Bridle Makers', Collar Makers', Leather and Fibre Bag Makers' SAIL, TENT, AND CANVAS GOODS 5 12 1498 Wellington District Sail, Tent and Canvas Goods Manufacturers' Society SAWMILLERS 1 12 1880 148 305 New Zealand Timber Industry .. .. .. .. Auckland Sawmillers and Woodware Manufacturers Canterbury Sawmillers SHIPOWNERS 401 22 24 342 326 137 Devonport Steam -Ferry Company, Ltd. Northern Steamship Company, Limited Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand, Limited SOAP-MANUFACTURERS 1 1 1 1625 1816 1843 1841 Auckland Soap Manufacturers' Wellington Industrial District Soap Manufacturers' .. .. .. Canterbury Soap Manufacturers' McLeod Bros., Ltd. TANNERS AND FELLMONGERS 3 4 3 1 1509 1714 1715 Auckland Tanners' .. .. .. .. .. .. Christchurch Tanners' .. .. .. .. .. .. Otago and Southland Tanners' .. .. .. .. .. TAXI-PROPRIETORS 4 3 3 1970 1952 Northern, Taranaki and Wellington Taxi Proprietors' .. Canterbury and Otago and Southland Taxi Proprietors' .. .. .. THEATRE-PROPRIETORS 1 12 1 * 9 1858 1411 1854 Wellington Industrial District Theatre Proprietors' J. C. Williamson Picture Corporation, Ltd. .. .. Canterbury Motion Picture Theatre and Places of Amusement Owners' THRESHING-MILL OWNERS 6 1 13 1902 1396 379 North Island Threshing Mill and Agricultural Contractors' North Canterbury American Type Threshing Mill and Header Harvester Owners' South Canterbury Threshing-mill Owners' .. .. .. .. TRAMWAYS. (See Passenger Transport) 23 31 6
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
109
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. WATERSIDE EMPLOYERS 1241 1276 1245 1239 1279 1283 1277 1244 1240 1242 Auckland Waterside Employers Union New Plymouth Waterside Employers' Union Wanganui Waterside Employers Union Wellington Waterside Employers' Union Picton Waterside Employers' Union .. Nelson Waterside Employers' Union Greymouth Waterside Employers' Union Lyttelton Waterside Employers Union Timaru Waterside Employers' Union Otago and Southland Waterside Employers' Union WICKERWORK 15 8 9 14 4 6 4 14 7 11 1707 | Wellington District Wickerwork (other than Furniture) and Perambulator | Manufacturers' WOOLSCOURERS 6 1665 1740 Wellington Wool Scourers' Canterbury Woolscourers' 7 10 Totals : Number of Unions as at 31st December, 1948, 277 17,811
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS
110
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. AIRCRAFT WORKERS. (See Engineers and Allied Workers) ARCHITECTS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS 1990 Wellington Architects' Assistants' 1 27 1635 Christchurch Architects' and Structural Engineers' Assistants I 20 ASBESTOS WORKERS 1892 Auckland Asbestos Workers I 97 ASSURANCE WORKERS. (See Clerical Workers) BAKERS AND PASTRYCOOKS 1882 New Zealand Baking Trades Employees 1 2,007 BISCUIT AND CONFECTIONERY EMPLOYEES 1313 Auckland Biscuit and Confectionery and Belated Products Employees 660 1452 Wellington Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees' 225 1439 Nelson Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees' 50 1345 Christchurch Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Em288 ployees' 1142 Otago and Southland Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades 623 Employees' BOOTMAKERS AND REPAIRERS 59 Auckland Operative Bootmakers' Society 1,399 14 Wellington Operative Bootmakers' Society 641 1964 Greymouth Footwear Operatives' 12 35 Christchurch Footwear Operatives' 1,176 45 Dunedin Operative Bootmakers' .. .. 280 BREWERS AND AERATED WATER EMPLOYEES 1874 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Brewers, Bottlers, Bottle-washers and 1,106 Aerated Water Employees 873 Otago and Southland Brewery, Bottling Houses and Aerated Waters' 245 BRICK, TILE, AND POTTERY WORKERS. (See also Labourers (Miscellaneous) ) 1186 | Otago and Southland Brick, Tile Pottery and Concrete Goods Makers .. .. | | 86 BRICKLAYERS 1945 1 New Zealand (except Northern Industrial District) Bricklayers and Related Trades 1 212 576 1 Auckland Bricklayers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 111 BRUSH AND BROOM WORKERS 1693 Auckland Brush, Broom and Mop Trade 65 1879 Wellington Brush and Broom Workers 7 1064 Christchurch Brush and Broom Trade 132 1080 Dunedin Brush and Broom Trade 60
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Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. CARBONISATION WORKERS 1626 Waikato Carbonisation Limited Employees' .. .. .. .. i 32 CARPENTERS AND JOINERS 1940 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Carpenters and Joiners and Joiners' 9U41 Machinists' *2009 Auckland Carpenters and Joiners and Joiners' Machinists 804 Masterton Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners and 177 Joiners' Machinists' 1293 Oamaru Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners 128 78 Otago Carpenters and Joiners and Joiners' Machinists' 870 792 Invercargill Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners and 457 Joiners Machinists' CHEMICAL MANURE AND ACID WORKERS. (Also included in Freezing Workers) 1335 New Plymouth Chemical Fertilizer Workers' .. .. .. 110 1446 Wanganui Chemical Fertilizer and Acid Workers' .. .. .. 95 CLEANERS, CARETAKERS, AND LIFT-ATTENDANTS 1125 Auckland Cleaners Caretakers Lift Attendants and Watchmen's 339 1787 Taranaki Cleaners, Caretakers and Lift Attendants . 19 1488 Wellington Caretakers, Cleaners and Lift Attendants' 362 1515 Christchurch Cleaners', Caretakers' and Lift Attendants' 170 1781 Dunedin Liftmen, Cleaners' and Caretakers' 111 CLERICAL WORKERS. (See also Tally Clerks, Local Bodies' Officers, &c., and Sugar Workers) 1950 New Zealand Life Assurance Agents Canvassers and Collectors 639 1528 New Zealand General Insurance 1,763 1653 New Zealand Bank Officials' .. .. 3,270 1526 New Zealand Shipping Officers 879 1636 New Zealand Freezing and Related Industries Clerical Officers' 844 1676 Auckland Legal Employees' 584 1489 Auckland Clerical and Office Staff Employees' 6,539 1651 Auckland Public Accountants' Employees' 146 1760 Auckland Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 502 1846 Auckland Provincial Dairy Companies' Secretaries' .. .. .. 37 1864 Wellington, Taranaki and Marlborough Clerical Workers' .. .. 3,709 1928 New Plymouth Public Accountants Employees 16 1571 Taranaki Legal Employees' .... .. 100 1765 Taranaki Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 175 1850 Hawke's Bay and Wairarapa Public Accountants' Employees' 135 1507 Wellington Legal Employees' 414 1637 Wellington Public Accountants' Employees' .. .. .. 305 1759 Wellington Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 593 1764 Marlborough Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers 50 1552 Nelson Law Practitioners' Employees' .. .. .. 35 1573 Nelson Clerical Employees' 181 1766 Nelson Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers' 30 1835 Nelson Public Accountants'Employees' 16 1585 Greymouth Law Practitioners' Employees' 27 1792 « Greymouth Clerical and Office Staff Employees' 193 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1948.
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Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. CLERICAL WORKERS. (See also Tally Clerks, Local Bodies' Officers, &c., and Sugar Workers) —continued 1139 Canterbury Clerks' Cashiers' and Office Employees' 3,046 1594 Canterbury Law Practitioners' Employees .. 382 1650 Christchurch Accountants' and Sharebrokers' Employees 292 1763 Canterbury Stock and Station Agents Clerical Workers' 286 1527 Otago Clerical Workers 1,393 1708 Otago and Southland Public Accountants Employees' .. 114 1758 Otago and Southland Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers' 303 1826 Otago and Southland Part-time and Full-time Dairy Factory Secretaries' 19 1512 Dunedin Law Practitioners' Employees' 182 1541 Invercargill Clerks and Office Assistants' 413 1536 Invercargill Legal Employees' 87 CLOTHING-TRADE EMPLOYEES 720 Auckland Cutters, Trimmers, Pressers, and other Clothing Employees' 460 73 Auckland Tailoresses and other Female Clothing and Related Trades Employees' 5,429 67 Auckland Tailors 65 1915 Wellington and Taranaki Clothing and Related Trades 3,675 1801 Canterbury Westland, Nelson, and Marlborough Clothing Trades 2,471 1477 Dunedin Fur Trade Employees' 140 1958 Otago and Southland Clothing and Related Trades 1,656 COACHWORKERS If 1705 Taranaki Coach and Motor Body Workers' 87 *1972 Wellington, and Nelson Coach and Motor Body Workers' 575 ||2011 Wellington, Taranaki, Nelson, and Marlborough Coach and Motor-body Workers' fl752 Westland Coach and Motor Body Builders' 21 $263 Canterbury Coach and Mofor-body Builders .. .. .. • .. 300 §2006 Canterbury and Westland Coach and Motor-body Builders' 205 Otago and Southland Coach Workers and Wheelwrights 96 COAL-MINE WORKERS 1282 Northern Coal Mine Workers' 1,480 1109 Northern Coal Mines Underground Officials' 112 1513 North Auckland Coal Miners' 150 1447 Ohura District Coalminers 92 1703 Nelson Industrial District Coal Mine Workers' 5 1344 Buller Underviewers and Deputies 50 1348 Grey Valley Deputies and Underviewers' 80 al042 Millerton and Granity Brakesmen, Bricklayers, Blacksmiths, Carpenters and Fitters' 24 1753 Runanga State Coal Miners 530 1668 Grey Valley Collieries Ltd. Employees' 241 1679 Seddonville Coal Miners' 18 1743 Runanga District Coal Mine Employees' 32 1641 Canterbury Coal Mine Workers' 52 829 Otago Coal Miners' 266 1290 Ohai District Underviewers, Deputies' and Shotfirers' 30 1728 Mataura District Coal Mine Workers' 20 * Change of name to Wellington, Nelson, and Marlborough Coach and Motor Body Workers recorded 15th February, 1949. Registration cancelled 29th June, 1949. t Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1948. t Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1948. § Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1948. H Cancelled 29th June, L949. || Registered 29th June, 1949. a Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1948.
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(s—B 11
113
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. COOKS AND STEWARDS (MARINE) 393 Auckland Federated Cooks and Stewards' 225 1309 Wellington District (New Zealand) Marine Chief Stewards' .. 11 212 Federated Cooks and Stewards of New Zealand 625 CREAMERIES, CHEESE, BUTTER, AND DAIRY EMPLOYEES 1723 New Zealand Dairy Factories and Related Trades Employees' 3,467 1738 North Island Dairy Factory Managers' 302 753 Auckland Milkroundsmen's 161 966 Wellington Dairy Employees' 227 1830 South Island Dairy Factory Managers' 32 833 Otago and Southland Dairy Factory Managers' 57 1039 Southland Milk Condensing Factories Employees' 71 ■ CURRIERS, TANNERS, AND FELLMONGERS 508 Auckland Curriers, Beamsmen's, Fellmongers, Tanners, Soap workers and General 396 Tannery Employees' 1908 Wellington and Taranaki Soap, Candle, Tannery and Related Trades Employees 130 DENTAL ASSISTANTS AND TECHNICIANS 1567 Auckland Dental Assistants' and Technicians' 210 1543 Wellington Dental Assistants' and Technicians' 174 1746 Canterbury Dental Assistants and Technicians 118 1807 Otago and Southland Dental Assistants' and Technicians' 68 DRIVERS 2001 Northern (except Gisborne) Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers' and 3,027 their Assistants' 699 Gisborne Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 275 1151 Taranaki Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants' 465 375 Hawke's Bay Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 540 730 Wanganui Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 370 219 Wellington Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers' and their Assistants' 1,620 1223 Blenheim Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers' and their Assistants 140 1146 Nelson Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. i 288 1654 Westland Boad Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. i 180 281 Canterbury Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants . . 1,550 1468 Southland Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers' and their Assistants' .. *1 400 1119 Otago Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 1 1,001 ELECTRICAL WORKERS. (See also Engineers and Allied Workers) 1939 1 North Island Electrical Trades | 2,534 892 Dunedin and Suburban General Electrical Workers' 136 ENGINE-DRIVERS. (See also Coal-mine and Gold-mine Workers ; Flour-mill Employees ; New Zealand Railways Employees) 1813 1 New Zealand Engine Drivers, River Engineers, Marine Engine Drivers, Greasers, I 884 1 Firemen and Assistants' I
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Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. ENGINEERS AND ALLIED WORKERS 1951 New Zealand Engineering, Coachbuilding, Aircraft and Related Trades 22,265 596 Auckland District Boilermakers, Iron Ship Workers and Bridgebuilders 283 149 Auckland Iron and Brass Moulders 224 779 Ohinemiiri Branch of the Amalgamated Engineering Union (including Electricians 49 and Motor Mechanics) 97 Wellington Iron and Brass Moulders' 110 930 Wellington Metal Workers'Assistants 170 19 Wellington United Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship and Bridge Builders 120 107 Christchurch Iron and Brass Moulders 253 372 United Boiler-makers, Iron and Steel Ship-builders of Canterbury 48 703 Dunedin Canister Workers 84 80 Dunedin Iron and Brass Moulders 301 1140 Green Island Iron Rolling Mills Employees' 29 197 Otago Metal Workers' Assistants .. .. .... 195 102 United Boilermakers Iron and Steel Shipbuilders of Otago 85 FARM WORKERS. (See Rural Workers) FELT-HATTERS 1494 Auckland Hatters' .. .. .. .. .. .. | 66 FERRY EMPLOYEES 1130 Devonport Ferry Company's Employees 1 140 FIRE-BRIGADESMEN 1920 New Zealand Fire Brigade Superintendents and Deputy Superintendents 32 921 Auckland Fire Brigades' Employees' .. .. 106 1811 Northern Wellington, Taranaki and Nelson Fire Brigades Employees' 120 1342 Christchurch Fire Brigades' Employees' 60 1131 Dunedin Firebrigades Employees .. 96 I FISH-TRADE EMPLOYEES 381 1 Auckland Fish Trade Employees (other than Fishermen) .. .. .. i 68 1539 | Wellington Fish Workers' .. .. .. .. .. .. | 25 FLAXMILL EMPLOYEES 540 1 Manawatu Flaxmill and Flax Textile Employees' .. .. .. .. | 263 1754 | Southland Flaxmill Employees' .. .. .. .. .. .. | 65 FLOUR-MILL EMPLOYEES 183 Auckland United Flourmill Employees' 100 1719 Wellington Industrial District Flour Mills Employees' 20 1180 Timaru United Millers and Flour Mill Employees' 85 174 Canterbury United Flour Mill Employees' .. .. .. 110 1059 Oamaru Flourmills Employees' 39 1538 Dunedin Flourmjlls Employees 60 FREEZING WORKERS 1923 Auckland Freezing Works and Abattoir Employees' 4,678 1406 Gisborne District Freezing Works and Related Trades Employees' 380 1975 Wellington, Nelson Marlborough and Taranaki Freezing Works, Abattoir and 6,095 Related Trades Employees 747 Canterbury Freezing Works and Related Trades Employees' .. .. 2,540 509 Otago and Southland Freezing Works and Related Trades Employees .. ,, 2,070
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1 9g 1 Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. FURNITURE-TRADE EMPLOYEES 910 Auckland United Furniture and Related Trades 1,120 1330 Taranaki Federated Furniture Trades 16 1823 Wellington, Nelson and Marlborough Federated Furniture arid Related Trades .. 846 1906 Christchurch and Greyniouth Federated Furniture and Related Trades 681 84 Dunedin Federated Furniture and Related Trades 288 411 Southland Federated Furniture Trades 74 GARDENERS. (Also included in Labourers) *1856 Auckland Gardeners' Gardeners' Labourers', and Greenkeepers | ■ 27 GASWORKS EMPLOYEES 1955 Auckland Gas Works and Related Trades Employees 290 2002 Gisborne Gas Works and Related Trades Employees' 26 1957 Wellington, Taranaki, Nelson and Marlborough Gas Works and Related Trades 320 Employees 1960 Canterbury and Westland Gas Works and Related Trades Employees' 160 1953 Otago and Southland Gas Works and Related Trades Employees .. 89 GOLD-MINE WORKERS 863 Ohinemuri Mines and Batteries Employees' (other than Engineers, Engine-drivers 335 and Firemen) 16 Thames Miners' 55 1471 Westland Gold Dredge and Alluvial Gold Mines Employees' 228 1546 Otago Gold Dredge and Alluvial Gold Mines' Employees' 71 1657 Southland Gold Mine Employees' .. .. .. .. 6 1994 Waiuta Quartz Gold Miners' 111 GROCERS' SUNDRIES MANUFACTURING EMPLOYEES 1548 Auckland Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Canning, Condiments, and Related 305 . Products Manufacturing Employees fl588 Auckland Drug Factories' Employees' 1863 Wellington Taranaki, Marlborough, Nelson and Canterbury Grocers' Sundries 500 Chemical and Related Products Factory Employees 1837 Otago and Southland Manufacturing Chemists, Preserved Foods, Jam, and Starch 356 Factories Employees' HARBOUR BOARDS EMPLOYEES 1660 | I New Zealand Harbour Boards Employees' .. .. .. .. | 1,775 HERD-TESTERS 1686 Auckland Herd Testers' 167 1901 Taranaki Herd Testers' 25 1803 Wellington Herd Testers' .. .. .. .. .. 44 HOTEL AND RESTAURANT EMPLOYEES 688 Auckland Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees' 4,690 1214 Taranaki Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees' 362 218 Wellington District Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees 4,251 1271 Marlborough Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades' Employees 190 1265 Nelson Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees' 230 1228 Westland Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees' 422 652 Canterbury Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades Employees' 2,090 675 Otago Hotel, Restaurant and Related Trades Employees' . . 1,488 1295 Southland Hotel Restaurant, and Related Trades Employees' 656 * Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1948. f No return supplied—inquiries commenced vide Section 23
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116
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. ICE-CREAM WORKERS 1995 Northern Ice-cream and Related Products .. * .. .. .. 1 50 1907 Wellington and Taranaki Ice Cream and Related Products .. .. • • 1 95 JEWELLERS AND WATCHMAKERS 1609 Auckland Jewellers and Watchmakers Employees' 45 1529 Wellington Jewellers' Watchmakers' and Related Trades 80 1563 Dunedin Watchmakers', Jewellers', and Related Trades 15 JOURNALISTS 853 Auckland Journalists' 127 1485 Taranaki Journalists' .. .. .. .. 36 1023 Wellington Journalists' .. .. .. .. 215 1658 Nelson Journalists' 10 1663 Greymouth Journalists' 11 857 Christchurch Journalists' 83 854 Dunedin Journalists' 46 1893 Invercargill Journalists 28 LABOURERS (MISCELLANEOUS) 2003 Auckland Ceramic, Concrete, Builders' and General Labourers' and Related Trades 2,100 825 Auckland and Suburban Local Bodies Labourers and Related Trades 700 777 Poverty Bay General Labourers' and Related Trades 331 811 Taranaki Labourers and Related Trades 325 1173 Wanganui Municipal Labourers' 104 1938 Wellington, Nelson, Westland, and Marlborough Local Bodies', other Labourers, 3,000 and Related Trades 176 Canterbury Builders and General Labourers, and Related Workers 1,807 903 Dunedin and Suburban Operative Licensed Drainers' 25 507 Otago Labourers and Related Trades 526 1492 Southland Labourers and Related Trades 250 LAUNDRY EMPLOYEES 1520 Northern District Laundries, Dyers and Dry Cleaners Employees' 536 1936 Wellington, Taranaki, Marlborough and Nelson Laundry Workers, Dyers and 500 Dry Cleaners 1924 Greymouth Laundry Workers 16 1710 Christchurch Laundry Workers', Dyers' and Dry Cleaners' 186 1560 Dunedin Laundry Employees' 121 LIME AND CEMENT WORKERS (also included in Labourers) 1535 1 Portland Cement Workers' 200 1145 Golden Bay Cement Company's Employees' 98 1176 ] Otago and Southland Lime and Cement Employees' 180 LOCAL BODIES' OFFICERS 1680 Auckland Provincial District Local Authorities' Officers' 1,299 1726 Taranaki Local Authorities Officers' .. .. • .. 65 2000 Wellington and Marlborough Local Bodies' Officers' 859 1721 Nelson Local Bodies Officers' 51 1820 Canterbury Local Bodies' Officers' (other than Clerical) 189 1506 Dunedin City Corporation and. Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board Engineer 33 Officials' 1501 Dunedin Municipal Clerical and other Employees' (other than Inspectors) 215 1889 Dunedin City Council and Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board Inspectors (other 36 than Tramway Inspectors)
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117
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. MATCH-FACTORY EMPLOYEES 1591 1165 Wellington Match Manufacturing Employees' .. .. .. Dunedin Wax Vesta Employees' MERCHANT-SERVICE EMPLOYEES 1 59 1 46 1720 New Zealand Merchant Service Guild .. .. .. .. .. | OPTICAL EMPLOYEES. (See also Jewellers, &c.) 470 1991 New Zealand Optical Employees' .. .. .. .. PAINT AND VARNISH MANUFACTURERS' EMPLOYEES I 83 1572 1911 1595 Auckland Paint and Varnish Manufacturers' Employees' Wellington and Canterbury Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, Printer's Ink and Related Products Manufacturers Employees Dunedin Paint and Varnish Manufacturing Employees' PAINTERS AND DECORATORS 66 175 25 108 1965 1312 1433 258 129 1484 445 1890 81 481 1037 93 784 Auckland Painters and Decorators .. .. .. .. Gisborne Painters and Decorators .. .. .. .. Taranaki Amalgamated Society of Painters, Decorators and Leadlight Workers' .. Hawke's Bay Amalgamated Society of Painters and Decorators Wanganui Society of Painters and Decorators Wellington Amalgamated Society of Painters, Decorators Display and Poster Artists Marlborough Painters and Decorators' Nelson Painters' Westland Painters and Decorators .. Christchurch Painters Timaru Society of Painters and Decorators' Oamaru Painters' Dunedin Painters' Southland Painters' PAPER-MILLS EMPLOYEES 516 47 122 88 60 520 23 27 27 372 65 11 180 50 1971 | Auckland and Otago and Southland Wood Pulp, Paper and Paper Products PHOTO-ENGRAVERS | 446 1888 i New Zealand Photo Engravers PILOTS | 178 1993 1 1 North Island Air Line Pilots' PLASTERERS 1 73 1946 j 216 1 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Plasterers and Related Trades Otago and Southland Operative Plasterers' PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS 1 507 1 96 1817 | | New Zealand Plumbers, Gasfitters and Related Trades .. .. .. | PRINTING-TRADE EMPLOYEES 1,332 186211 *nosf 267 1 New Zealand Printing and Related Trades' Auckland City Female Printing and Related Trades Otago Box-Worker^ 4,10665 * Defunct: in process of cancellation.
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118
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. RADIO OFFICERS AND TELEGRAPHISTS 1922 1989 New Zealand Radio Officers . . .. .. .. .. .. 1 Cable and Wireless, Ltd., Auckland, Overseas Communications Employees' .. 1 RAILWAY EMPLOYEES 43 30 710 1217 1325 Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants .. .. .. .. 1 Engine-drivers, Firemen, and Cleaners' Association .. .. New Zealand Railway Tradesmen's Association .. .. .. .. | ROPE AND TWINE WORKERS 14,184 2,270 2,741 1246 1201 1038 Auckland Rope and Twine Workers Canterbury Rope, Twine and Flax Mill Employees Dunedin Rope and Twine Spinners RUBBER WORKERS 78 32 54 1976 Northern, Wellington and Canterbury Rubber Workers RURAL WORKERS 580 1616 New Zealand Workers' .. .. .. .. .. ... .. j SACK AND BAG WORKERS 17,931 1937 Auckland Textile Sack and Bag Workers' .. .. .. .. .. I SADDLERY AND HARNESS WORKERS 90 150 1871 223 182 Auckland Saddlers', Collar Makers', Bag Makers' Sailmakers' and Related Trades .. Wellington, Taranaki and Nelson Saddlers, Bagmakers, Canvas Workers and Related Trades Christchurch Saddlery, Bag and Canvas Workers Otago and Southland Saddle Makers, Harness Makers, Collar Makers, Bag Makers, Cover Makers, and Bridle Cutters' SEAMEN AND FIREMEN 421 169 128 33 1297 1305 1298 Auckland Federated Seamen's Wellington Federated Seamen's Dunedin Federated Seamen's 955 1,062 528 SHIPWRIGHTS. (See also Carpenters and Joiners) 1839 494 New Zealand (except Northern, Taranaki and Westland) Shipwrights' and Boatbuilders' and Ship Joiners and Joiners Machinists engaged on Ship Repair Work Auckland Ship, Yacht and Boat-builders' .. SHOP-ASSISTANTS 161 240 152 314 1434 501 1082 1100 1275 1122 1502 Auckland Butchers Auckland Grocers' Assistants' Auckland Grocers' Shop Managers' Auckland Hairdressers' Assistants' Auckland Retail Chemists' Assistants and Related Trades Auckland Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants and Related Trades (other than Butchers', Grocers', Hairdressers' and Chemists' Assistants) Gisborne Grocers and other Shop Assistants' Taranaki Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants and Related Trades Wellington Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants' and Related Trades 686 1,104 245 333 204 3,758 344 802 5,526
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119
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1948. SHOP-ASSISTANTS —continued *1624 Blenheim Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants' and Related Trades 203 1178 Nelson Grocers' Assistants 113 1499 Nelson Shop Assistants' 260 1639 Nelson Operative Butchers' 60 1164 Westland Retail Shop Assistants 487 274 Canterbury Grocers' Assistants' 569 236 Christchureh Hairdressers and Tobacconists' Assistants' 183 1933 Canterbury Amalgamated Shop Assistants' and Related Trades (other than Grocers', 2,868 Tobacconists' and Hairdressers' Assistants) 221 Dunedin and Suburban Operative Butchers' 202 1098 Dunedin Retail Chemists Assistants . . . . 47 1167 Invercargill Retail Grocers' Assistants' 200 1160 Oamaru Grocers' Assistants' 30 13/59 Otago and Southland Amalgamated Society of Shop Assistants (other than Grocers', l-,690 Butchers', Chemists', Tobacconists' and Hairdressers' Assistants) 217 Otago Grocers' Assistants' 196 578 Otago and Southland Hairdressers' and Tobacconists' Assistants 93 225 Southland Operative Butchers' 93 SPORTS-GOODS EMPLOYEES 1670 Auckland Sports Goods Employees' 1 54 1992 Wellington Sports Goods Workers' 22 STONEMASONS 1788 New Zealand Stonemasons' .. .. | 185 STOREMEN AND PACKERS 1101 Auckland United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Ware2,000 house Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1200 New Plymouth United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and 50 Warehouse Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1797 Wellington and Taranaki Cool Stores and Cold Stores Employees' 80 1323 Hawke's Bay United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Ware220 house Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 773 Wellington United Warehouse and Bulk Store Employees' (other than Drivers and 1,170 Clerks) 1163 Marlborough United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Ware109 house Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1613 Nelson Storemen and Packers' 45 1095 ChristchurQh Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Warehouse 1,050 Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1403 Invercargill Wholesale Storemen and Packers and Warehouse Employees' (other 205 than Drivers and Clerks) 1179 Otago and Southland Wholesale Storemen and Packers 878 1822 Otago and Southland Cool Store Employees' 14 SUGAR-WORKS EMPLOYEES 1168 Auckland Sugar Works Employees' 247 1799 Auckland Sugar Manufacturing Industry Technical and Engineering Staff and 29 Office Employees' TALLY CLERKS. (See also Waterside Employees) 830 Northern Industrial District Tally-clerks' 203 1818 Napier Ships Tally Clerks' . . 10 J134 Wellington City Ships' Tally Clerks' 104 1152 Lyttelton Ships Tally Clerks 40 1510 Dunedin and Port Chalmers Ships Tally Clerks' .. . i 39 * Change qf name to Blenheim Amalgamated Shop Assistants' and Related Trades recorded 25th May, 1949.
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS —continued
Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing 1,824 copies), £875.
By Authority: E. E. Owen, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 949,
Price 2s. 3d,}
120
Number of Beg. No. Name. Members, December, 1948. THEATRES AND PLAGES OF AMUSEMENT EMPLOYEES 1981 Actors Equity of New Zealand 65 1794 New Zealand Musicians' 2,053 1805 New Zealand (except Northern, Nelson and Westland) Theatrical and Places of 959 Amusement and Related Employees' 1129 Auckland Theatrical and Places of Amusement Employees' .. . t 894 923 Auckland Motion Picture Projectionists' 92 715 Auckland Stage Employees 51 1729 Auckland Picture Theatre Managers' 51 1449 Taranaki Motion Picture Projectionists' 12 1377 Wellington District Motion Picture Operators' 103 1750 Nelson and Westland Picture Theatre Employees' 45 1931 Canterbury, Westland and Nelson Motion Picture Operators' 56 5 Christchurch Stage Employees' 58 1450 Dunedin Motion Picture Projectionists' 30 711 Dunedin Stage Employees' 31 942 Dunedin Theatrical and Shows' Employees' (other than Stage Hands) 151 TILERS AND SLATERS 1542 Auckland Roof Tilers'and Slaters' ... .. .. .. .. | 159 TIMBER-YARDS AND SAWMILL EMPLOYEES 1771 New Zealand Timber Workers' 5,667 444 Auckland Coopers' 39 1942 Nelson Timber Industry Employees' 271 1943 Marlborough Timber Industry Employees' 38 1944 Westland Timber Industry Employees' 1,002 TOBACCO-MANUFACTURERS' EMPLOYEES 1929 | New Zealand Tobacco Products Employees ... .. .. .. | 816 TRAMWAY EMPLOYEES 1865 New Zealand Tramways Authorities Employees 3,120 1652 Auckland Transport Board Inspectorial Staff 40 1638 Auckland Transport Board's Maintenance Officers' 44 1500 Wellington Tramway Inspectors, Despatchers and Depot Officers' 29 1094 Dunedin Corporation Transport Officials' 27 WATERSIDE EMPLOYEES, STEVEDORES, AND TIMEKEEPERS 1718 New Zealand Waterside Workers' 6,755 1532 Auckland Assistant Stevedores, Foremen and Timekeepers' (in connection with 70 Waterside Work) 1730 Auckland Receiving and Forwarding Wharf Foremen's and Assistant Foremen's .. 60 1519 Wellington Foreman Stevedores, Timekeepers and Permanent Hands' 85 1524 Lyttelton Foreman Stevedores' and Permanent Hands' 36 1692 Otago and Southland Shipping Foremen's and Assistant Foremen's 28 WOOLLEN-MILLS EMPLOYEES 1155 Auckland District Woollen Mills, Knitting Mills and Hosiery Factories Employees 439 769 Wellington District Woollen Mills Knitting Mills and Hosiery Factories Employees' 912 1979 Canterbury arid Westland Woollen, Knitting and Hosiery Trades 1,015 776 Otago and Southland Woollen Mills and Hosiery Factories Employees' 1,181 Totals : Number of unions registered as at 31st December, 1948, 374 271,100
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Bibliographic details
DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (REPORT OF THE) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1949, Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1949 Session I, H-11
Word Count
50,802DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (REPORT OF THE) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1949 Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1949 Session I, H-11
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