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1947 NEW ZEALAND
DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR (REPORT OF THE)
Presented to both Houses of trie General Assembly by Command of His Excellency
The Hon. the Minister of Labour to His Excellency the Governor-General* Wellington, 23rd June, 1947. I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the report of the Department of Labour for the year ended 31st March, 1947. A. McLagan, Minister of Labour. His Excellency the Governor-General of New Zealand. The Acting-Secretary, Department op Labour, to the Hon. the Minister op Labour. Department of Labour, Wellington, 23rd June, 1947. Sir, — I have the honour to present herewith the fifty-sixth annual report of this Department for the information of His Excellency the Governor-General, and to be laid before Parliament in compliance with the Labour Department Act, 1908, and the Factories Act, 1921-22. The report covers the financial year Ist April, 1946, to 31st March, 1947. I have, &c., E. B. Taylor, Acting-Secretary of Labour. The Hon. the Minister of Labour. INDEX PAGE Section I.—General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Section 2.—The Background to Employment—(l) General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 (2) Secondary Industry .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 (3) Juveniles .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 (4) Women in Industry .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 (5) Overtime .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 Section 3.—Factories—(l) General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 (2) The Number of Factories and Factory Workers .. .. .. .. .. 7 (3) The Size of Factories .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 (4) Accidents in Factories .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 (5) Juveniles .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 (6) Hygiene, Health, and Welfare Conditions .. .. .. .. .. 11 (7) " Outwork " .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 (8) The Factories Act, 1946 .. .. .. .. .. 17
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Section 4.—Shops and Offices— page (1) The Number of Shops, Offices, and Assistants .. .. .. .. 18 (2) Statutory Closing-days (Half-holidays) for Shops .. .. .. .. 19 (3) Amendment to the Act .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Section s.—lndustrial Conciliation and Arbitration—(l) The Court of Arbitration .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 (2) Conciliation Commissioners .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 (3) The Registration of Industrial Unions and Associations .. .. .. 20 . (4) Industrial Disturbances .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 (5) International Comparisons .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 (6) Wage Rates .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 (7) Amendment to the Act .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 Section 6.—The Labour Disputes Investigation Act, 1913 (1) Agreements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 Section 7.—Apprentices—(l) The Apprentices Amendment Act, 1946 .. .. .. .. .. 25 (2) Apprenticeship Committees .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 (3) The Number of Apprentices .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 Section B.—Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 — (1) The Compensation Court .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 Section 9.—Agricultural Workers' Act, 1936 (1) Remuneration and Conditions of Employment .. .. .. .. ..26 (2) Accommodation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 (3) Sharemilking Agreements .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 (4) Under-rate Workers' Permits .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 Section 10.—Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 (1) General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 (2) Accidents .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 Section 11.—Servants' Registry Offices .. .. .. .. .. ..28 Section 12.—Fair Rents Act, 1936 (1) General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..28 (2) Action on behalf of Tenants .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 (3) Statutes Amendment Act, 1945 .. .. .. .. .. 29 (4) Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 (Rents) .. .. 29 Section 13.—-Annual Holidays Act, 1944 .. .. .. .. .. 29 Section 14.—Weights and Measures Act, 1925 — (1) Verifications .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 (2) New Appliances .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31 Section 15.—Bush-workers' Act, 1945 (1) General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 (2) Accidents .. .. .. .. .. .... .. 32 Section 16.—Harmful Processes—(l) Spray Painting Regulations 1940 .. .. .. .. .. 32 (2) Lead Process Regulations, 1925, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 32 Section 17.—International Labour Organization—(l) Twenty-eighth (Maritime) Session of the Conference .. .. .. 33 (2) Twenty-ninth Session of the Conference .. .. .. .. .. 34 (3) Constitutional Questions .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 (4) Protection of Children and Young Persons .. .. .. .. 35 (5) Minimum Standards of Social Policy in Dependent Territories. .. .. .. 35 (6) Thirtieth Session of the Conference - .. .. .. .. 35 (7) Ratification of Conventions .. .. .. .. .. .. 36
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Section 18.—Enforcement Action— page (1) General .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 (2) Inspections .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 (3) Investigations of Alleged Breaches .. .. .. .. .. 36 (4) Prosecutions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 (5) Civil Proceedings for Recovery of Wages on behalf of Workers .. .. .. 37 (6) Requisitions for Improvement .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 (7) Arrears of Wages .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 Appendix I.—Statistical — Table I. —Registered Factories and Factory Workers (including Working Occupiers), by Districts (31st January, 1947) .. .. .. 38 Table ll.—Registered Factories and Factory Workers by Industries (31st January, 1947) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 Table lll.—Factories, by Districts and Number of Workers (including Working Occupiers) employed (31st January, 1947) .. .. .. 39 Table IV.—Factories, by Industries and Number of Workers (including Working Occupiers) employed (31st January, 1947) .. .. 39 Table V. —Factories with more than Ten Workers, by Number of Workers employed (31st January, 1947) .. .. .. .. .. 40 Diagram I.—Persons employed in Registered Factories (other than Working Occupiers) 41 Diagram II. —Factories by Number of Persons engaged .. .. .. 42 Table Vl.—Accidents in Factories, 1946, by Age-groups .. .. .. 42 Table Vll.—Accidents in Factories, 1946, by Cause of Accident .. .. 43 Table VIII. —Minimum Wage-rates in certain Industries (31st March, 1947) .. .. 43 Table IX.—Number of Apprenticeship Contracts in Force (Ist April, 1947) .. .. 45 Table X.—Apprenticeship Contracts registered during Year ended 31st March, 1947, by Trade and District .. .. .. .. .. 46 Table Xl.—Scaffolding Accidents, by Age-groups .. .. .. 47 Table Xll.—Scaffolding Accidents, by Cause of Accident .. .. .. 47 Table Xlll.—Number of Inspections carried out .. .. .. .. 48 Table XlV.—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Employers) investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 Table XV. —Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Workers) investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947 .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 Table XVl.—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Employers and Workers) investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947 .. .. .. .. 51 Table XVII. —Fair Rents Act: Alleged Breaches investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..51 Table XVlll.—Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations (Rents) : Alleged Breaches investigated, Year ended 30st March, 1947 .. .. 51 Table XlX.—Prosecutions taken and Results, Year ended 31st March, 1947 .. .. 52 Table XX. —Prosecutions taken under the Weights and Measures Act, 1925, Year ended 31st March, 1947 .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 Table XXI. —Civil Proceedings for Recovery of Wages on behalf of Workers, Year ended 31st March, 1947 .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 Table XXII. —Number of Requisitions for Improvement served, Year ended 31st March, 1947.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..54 Table XXlll.—Arrears of Wages paid at Instigation of Department, Year ended 31st March, 1947.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..54 Appendix ll.—Expenditure during the Year .. .. .. .. 55 Appendix lll.—Return op Industrial Associations and Industrial Unions .. .. 57
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REPORT SECTION I.—GENERAL The year 1946-47 has been one of adjustment to a peacetime economy. This has not meant a return to pre-war conditions, since the dislocations caused by the war would make such a return impossible if not undesirable, but it has, rather, involved a reversion to a line of development and progress which was necessarily neglected in the stress of national emergency. The Department's responsibilities have materially increased, and attention will be drawn in this report to the new legislation which it has to administer, and to new developments in which it is taking an active part. This is the last annual report of the Department of Labour as such. From Ist April, 1947, it became merged with the National Employment Service, and will be known in future as the Department of Labour and Employment. SECTION 2.—THE BACKGROUND TO EMPLOYMENT (1) General The year has seen the productive resources of the country very fully utilized. A very high level of employment has prevailed. (2) Secondary Industry The expansion of secondary industry proceeds as rapidly as possible in view of the difficulties being encountered. Among these are shortages of accommodation, labour, equipment, materials, and power. Reference to the statistics of registered factories later in this report will indicate that the development of factory industry is increasing the work of the Department. The new factories which have opened are, subject to the difficulties mentioned, likely to be more up to date, and to provide greater amenities, than was usual in pre-war years, and the Factories Act, 1946, will ensure that all new factories will provide conditions of work in accordance with modern trends. It is to be noted that the 1945 census revealed a distinct urban drift between the census years 1936 and 1945, and no doubt this mirrors an increasing industrialization and a greater factory population (Monthly Abstract of Statistics, April, 1946, p. 15). (3) Juveniles The shortage of juveniles requires little comment. It is now accepted that this shortage represents a problem which will be with us for at least the next ten years. It is not yet as acute as it will be, and the full effects of the depression years are scarcely yet felt. The birth-rate declined in this country from 1921 until 1935, after which it began to increase and has, with the exception of two of the war years, continued to increase, the number of births for 1946 being the highest on record in New Zealand. We have so far experienced only the results of the slow but steady diminution down to 1930. It is only during 1947 that those born in 1931 will reach the age of sixteen and may leave school, and from 1947 onwards we can expect the " depression " birth-rate, which reached its lowest level in 1935, to show its full effects. The raising of the school leaving age and the removing of a barrier to longer school attendance which has resulted from the introduction of family allowances have, of course, accentuated the scarcity of juniors, and employers have been constrained to use many novel devices in their competition for young workers. Apart from the decentralization of factories mentioned elsewhere, Inspectors have reported schemes whereby a bonus is paid to any employee obtaining the services of a junior. Similarly, firms have arranged
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"educational" tours through their premises for school-children, following this later with offers of employment to children nearing the school leaving age. Films of factories, their products, and amenities have been presented to the School Film Library, and intensive press advertising campaigns are becoming increasingly familiar. As a result, wages and working conditions for juveniles show a considerable improvement over pre-war years. (4) Women in Industry (a) General It may be said, broadly, that an increase in the number of women employed in industry has been the tendency for many years. In the annual report of this Department for the year 1942-43 it was shown that the wartime increase in the number of female factory employees was not entirely due to emergency conditions, and it was not, therefore, to be expected that post-war years would show a return to 1939 conditions. In addition to this over-all trend, various disrupting factors due to the war have had a more or less permanent effect. (b) Numbers employed The following table illustrates the changes in the numbers of women employed :
Persons employed in Registered Factories (other than Working Occupiers)
It may be seen that the steady increase in numbers employed during the pre-war years was considerably accelerated by the war. This was due, of course, to the replacement of men, the expansion of war industry, and to the related growth of secondary industry. Diagram I (Statistical Appendix) presents graphically the way in which the numbers of both men and women employed in factories increased during the first two years of the war, the number of women increasing proportionately more than the number of men. From 1941-42, however, the employment of men fell off rapidly, reaching its lowest point in 1943-44. The number of women employed increased at the same time, and the proportion of women to men also increased. With the increase in the number of men employed each year since 1943 the proportion has dropped rapidly, in spite of an increase in the number of women which continued up to 1945.
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Persons employed (Thousands). 31st March, Females per 100 Males. M. F. Total. 1932 .. 56-0 18-5 74-6 33-1 1933 .. 52-1 19-3 71-4 37-2 1934 .. 52-4 18-6 71-0 35-8 1935 .. 57-2 21-3 78-5 37-5 1936 .. 63-5 23-6 87-1 36-8 1937 .. 69-1 25*5 94-6 37-0 1938 .. 77-6 29-6 107-3 38-0 1939 .. 77-7 28-9 106-6 37-1 1940 .. 81-5 31-3 112-8 38-2 1941 82-3 34-3 116-6 41-8 1942 .. 80-5 37-1 117-6 46-4 1943 .. 76-8 38-1 114-8 49-5 1944 .. 80-4 38-2 118-6 47-8 1945 .. 84-4 39-0 123-5 46-5 1946 .. 88-2 37-7 125-9 42-8 1947 .. 101 -5 35-6 137-1 35-0
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It might have been expected that the cessation of war production and shortages of raw materials for civilian production would have meant at least a temporary recession in industry and a consequent decline in the employment of women. The removal of man-power restrictions and the great number of war-delayed marriages undoubtedly reduced the female labour force, but the quick change-over to civilian production and the loss of man-power in casualties combined to create an active demand for women, to the extent that there is a general shortage. The decentralization of industry and the housing shortage (which induces married women who have to five in small flats, or rooms, to seek employment) have contributed to increasing the numbers of women available, and the result is that the numbers employed have not been reduced to anything like their pre-war levels, although many of them may be part-time workers. The unprecedented increase in the number of men in the last year covered has caused a corresponding decrease in the proportion of women employed, and it may be assumed that these trends in factories exemplify the wartime and reconversion movements throughout industry.
(c) Conditions of Work The acute shortage of woman-power has had its inevitable effects upon wages and conditions of work. Award rates of wages have increased as follows :
The increases shown, however, are by no means fully indicative of the position. Actual earnings were increased during the war by the working of long hours of overtime and the payment of production bonuses. The principle of equal pay expanded the earnings of women employed in " men's" occupations. While overtime has now generally decreased, and men have displaced women, the competition for female labour has resulted in the continued payment of high wages and bonuses, and their earnings would generally be in excess of the award rates quoted. In addition, employers have been impelled to improve working-conditions to no small extent. Cafeterias have been, provided, industrial nurses and welfare officers engaged, and hostels and day nurseries set up. Hairdressing services, dressmaking lessons, and the use of firms' machines on Saturday mornings have been used to attract girls, and various inducements offered to married and older women. In some centres, too, greater use is being made of the " outworker " system (see Section 3 (7)). Branch factories in modern design are being established in country districts. There seems little doubt that the improvements in working-conditions will be permanent, and it is to be remembered that the advances resulting from the shortage of women workers will be consolidated and reinforced by the steady implementation of the Factories Act of 1946.
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Gross Minimum Weekly Wage at 31st March, Occupation. 1939. 1947. Adult Females £ S. d. £ s. d. Biscuit and confectionery worker 2 9 0 3 8 8 Boot operative 2 10 10 3 16 0 Clerical worker 3 5 0 4 3 11 Clothing-trade employee 2 10 0 3 11 0 Shop-assistant 2 19 6 4 5 0 Woollen-mill employee 2 10 0 3 16 0
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(5) Overtime The working of overtime has declined over industry as a whole. As far as factory work is concerned, the following table illustrates the decline :
These figures are in respect of women and boys for whom overtime permits have Tbeen granted. They cover the calendar year 1946. The total number of hours worked has decreased by 40-0 per cent. It is interesting to note that the number of hours authorized, pursuant to the Act, in excess of the statutory maximum in respect of each worker has declined by only 4-3 per cent., although the number of workers for whom such extensions were authorized has increased. This indicates that certain industries (notably the clothing, tobacco, woollen, leather goods, biscuit and confectionery industries), still require the working of considerable overtime, but this increase is more than offset by the general decrease of overtime since the war years. SECTION 3.—FACTORIES (1) General The year under review has seen the passing of the Factories Act, 1946, and although most of the provisions of this Act came into force on Ist April, 1947, it is mentioned here as marking an important event in the history of the industrial legislation of the country. The emphasis of the Act is largely upon conditions relating to health, welfare, safety, and hygiene, and, although its full implementation must take some time, the Department will press forward the improvements which will be necessary as rapidly ■as conditions of supply allow. (2) The Number of Factories and Factory Workers The Factories Act, 1946, changed the date of re-registration of factories from Ist April to Ist February in each year. Re-registration is a process which occupies some time, and it has never been possible, in previous years, to show the numbers which have re-registered until the next year's report. The amendment of the Act is designed, partly, to allow re-registration to take place and provide up-to-date figures of factories Tegistered for the annual report. It has not, however, been possible to do this this year. In the first place, difficulty was encountered in persuading factory occupiers who had paid fees for a year's registration that re-registration was due in February and not in April, as heretofore. Further, a change was made in the Department's trade classification of factories which brings it into conformity with other official statistics, and this resulted in much additional work. The latest figures given represent, therefore, the state of the
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Number of Number of Persons working the Excess Total Hours Hours in Hours in Previous Column. Year. Overtime excess of authorized. StatutoryMaximum. Women. Boys. Total. 1945 1,529,704 207,421 2,672 22 2,694 1946 915,092 197,642 2,703 105 2,808
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Factory Register at 31st January, 1947. They are the figures for the previous year's re-registration altered to provide for the changes notified to the Department or discovered by Inspectors in the course of the year. They have not been subjected to the complete overhaul which re-registration entails.
Reference to Table I in the Statistical Appendix will show that the number of factories has increased. The number at 31st January, 1947, was 18,291, which is 1,002, or 6-4 per cent., in excess of the total for the previous year. The number of factory workers compares in the two years, as follows :
The total number of persons working in factories has increased by almost 8-0 per cent., in spite of the loss of more than one-twentieth of the female workers of the previous year. The outstanding feature of the figures is the increase in male employees to a figure which is 30-6 per cent, above its 1939 equivalent, and 15-2 per cent, above the figure for the year ended 31st March, 1946. It will also be apparent from Table I that the increase has been fairly evenly distributed between districts. The localities shown represent the Department's eighteen district offices, and include country areas contiguous to the centres named. The increases have been least marked in the four main centres, and greatest in the Whangarei and Tauranga areas. This would seem to indicate the way in which industry is becoming decentralized in search of labour-supplies. Table II shows a distribution of the factories and workers by industries. The classification by industries has been re-arranged for the year under review, and comparisons with previous years are not readily available, but from the Department's observations it would appear that the increase has been fairly evenly spread over all industries. (3) The Size op Factories Many investigators have called attention to the small size of New Zealand factories and to the small-scale production carried on in this country. The fact that the representative unit is small in comparison with other countries has an important bearing on many questions of industrial relations. Unions tend to be less highly organized, for instance, among workers in small, scattered establishments, and works councils seem better fitted for large undertakings. Accordingly, the factory registration figures for the past year have been subjected to analysis by size. It must be pointed out that registered factories comprise those falling within the definition of " factory " in the Factories Act. This is very wide and has been framed and extended over the years not to describe what is commonly known as a factory, but with the purpose of drawing more and more industrial workers under the protection of the Act. For purposes of comparison, reference should be made to the Government Statistician's Factory Production Statistics and to the definition of " factory " used there. Tables 111 and IV show the results of the analysis. It will at once be seen that the total number of
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Date. Working Occupiers. Employees. Total. Male. Female. Male. Female. 31st March, 1946 31st January, 1947 Increase, per cent Decrease, per cent. 13,992 13,984 0-05 1,907 1,785 6-4 88,190 101,545 15-2 37,663 - 35,642 5-4 141,752 152,956 7-9
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factories included differs from that shown in Tables I and 11. The explanation of this is that many factories carry on production which falls into two or more industrial groups. In such cases only one registration is effected, and Tables I and II show registered factories. Those covering more than one industrial group are placed in Table II in that group in which they are substantially engaged. Tables 111 and IV, however, separate such factories into production units in each industry, where they appear as separate ■" factories," classified according to the number of workers in that industry. (The number of workers includes working occupiers.) The tables then tend to exaggerate the small size of productive units, first, by including many establishments such as laundries and bakehouses not usually thought of as " factories," and, secondly, by splitting some establishments into two or more units. It is apparent from the figures that the normal factory contains fewer than five workers, while only 14 per cent. (2,578) of the total have more than ten workers. Diagram 11, which shows the totals of Tables 111 and IV in graphic form, demonstrates strikingly the variations in size which do occur, the largest factory in the Dominion employing over 1,800 workers. The distribution pattern showing a peak at one or two employees, followed by a steady decline as the number of employees increases is common to all districts, only a few departures from the trend being evident. Similarly, the distribution in each industry takes the same form. Table V shows a further analysis of those factories employing more than 10 workers. It will be seen that the decrease in numbers of factories which follows an increase in the number employed proceeds much less rapidly among the larger establishments. While half the total number (2,578) lie in the group with fewer than 20 workers, there is a very even distribution between the groups with more than 100 workers, and there is no sharp " peak " which can be •described as the £ ' normal " size. (4) Accidents in Factories Statistics of figures for industrial accidents are compiled for calendar years. Since some of the disabilities caused by accidents in the year 1946 have not yet been fully accounted for in such matters as time lost and compensation paid, preliminary figures only are to hand. The total number of accidents in factories (6,388) shows an increase over the previous year's total (6,143) of 2-4 per cent. Since there are as yet no figures available for man-hours worked during the year, this increase cannot be said to denote any increase in the frequency rate of factory accidents. It should be borne in mind that the number of persons employed in factories has shown an increase of 8 per cent. Table VI sets out the preliminary figures in fuller detail.
The severity rate of accidents may well have decreased in view of the greater number of persons exposed to risk. Fatal accidents were, happily, only 7, compared with 11 in the previous year. The following sets out the number of accidents by the three main measures of severity :
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Extent of Disability. . Number of Accidents. 1945. 1948. Temporary Permanent partial Fatal 6,006 126 11 6,169 112 7 Totals 6,143 6,388
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Table YII shows that the increase in the number of accidents was not evenly distributed among the causes of accidents. Four groups—vehicles, falls of persons, stepping on or striking against fixed objects, and miscellaneous —record a decrease in the number of accidents, while the increase is most marked in the fixed-machinery (19-7 per cent.) and the falling objects (13-6 per cent.) groups. (The increase of 20 per cent, in the electricity group is not significant in view of the very small number of accidents.) Time lost through accidents causing only temporary disability amounted in 1946 to 112,549 days, and compensation paid to £92,521 18s. sd. These compare with 111,786 days and £93,966 2s. in the previous year. It is to be emphasized that accident statistics published in this report are preliminary figures only. The final figures published in the Government Statistician's Statistical Reports do not usually show any significant change in the numbers of accidents,- but the time lost through accidents, given above, relates only to those accidents where the time lost is known and has been reported. In cases of permanent or long-continued incapacity the time lost may not be known until a considerable period has elapsed. The time lost must also be estimated for fatalities. There is, then, a very great difference between the preliminary data for lost time and the figures which this will eventually reach. The following example of the differences which may appear illustrates the points above. The annual report of the Department for 1943-44 gave preliminary factory accident figures for the calendar year 1942, as follows : Number of accidents .. .. .. .. 7,488 Time lost .. .. .. .. .. 151,410 days. The Statistical Report on Prices, &c., for 1942 gave final factory accident figures for the same year as follows : Number of accidents .. .. 7,494 Time lost .. .. .. {a) 470,579 days; (b) 431,415 days. The two possibilities (a) and (6) in the final figures for time lost refer to two different methods of estimating this quantity in respect of permanent disability and fatality. The former, (a), refers to a constant allowance for each case, based upon the average age at which workers meet with accidents, and (b) refers to an allowance for each case based upon the actual expectation of life of each person suffering permanent disability or death. But it will at once be apparent that both methods of adding the working-days lost in such cases result in a great increase in the final figures. The following are brief details of the fatal factory accidents that occurred during the year: — An electrician working on an electric switchboard was killed by shock due to electric burns, the accident apparently being due to a short circuit. A worker was assisting to replace a belt on a moving pulley, when his clothing became entangled with the revolving shafting. He sustained a fractured skull. Injuries received from being crushed between a building and a railway truck resulted in the death of a worker. A fiock-teasing-machine operator who had had his hands caught in the steel rollers of the machine, resulting in the amputation of four fingers of each hand, died subsequently from tetanus infection. There were two accidents at two separate sawmills during unloading operations, a worker in each case being crushed by a rolling log. Both died from injuries received. Another sawmill worker, aligning a flitch at a breaking-down bench, slipped and fell backwards along No. 2 skid, striking his head heavily almost directly beneath a log which was being lowered on to the skid. Death was due to a fractured skull.
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(5) Juveniles The number of certificates of fitness issued to young persons to work in factories increased during the year. The total number of such certificates issued in the year 1945-46 was 1,822, a figure reached after a steady decline for a number of years, due to the raising of the school leaving age. The total for the year 1946-47 was 2,227, made up .as follows :
The increase is no doubt accounted for, first, by the renewal of the annual inflow of young people previously partially blocked by the raising of the school leaving age, and, secondly, to the fact that it seems likely that factory industries have taken more of the annual inflow proportionately than has been usual. If, from the total of 2,227, the number of certificates issued for the period of the school holidays (189) is deducted, the remainder, 2,038, represents an increase of nearly 12 per cent, over the previous year. (6) Hygiene, Health, and Welfare Conditions There is evident throughout the country a fuller appreciation of the fact that better working-conditions make for more and better work. How much of this marked improvement in factory conditions is due to a new attitude and how much is due to the necessity, in the present state of the labour market of providing attractions to workers, it is impossible to assess, but both are factors making for change. So, too, are the comprehensive provisions of the Factories Act, 1946. A full implementation of this enactment must come gradually, but the Department is requiring conformity with the minimum of delay. Shortages of building materials, of heating, ventilating, and lighting •equipment are seriously handicapping the efforts of many employers to provide new premises and effect improvements to old ones. There is little doubt that the marked improvements being made would be greatly accelerated if materials and labour were readily available. It is considered by the Department that a healthier and more pleasant working •environment is an essential part of the fostering of harmonious relationships in industry and a factor making for industrial peace. It is also true that better work-places increase the quantity and quality of work, and will help New Zealand to overcome its supply problems. To these ends the hygiene and welfare sections of the Factories Act are to be given the greatest possible attention. During the year 881 requisitions for improvements were made under the old Factories Act (see Table XXII), compared with •671 in the previous year. (7) " Outwork " Section 39 of the Factories Act, 1946, " provisions as to work let out to be done •elsewhere than in factories," replaces section 30 of the Factories Act, 1921-22 (as .amended in 1936), a section designed for " the better suppression of what is commonly known as the ' sweating evil.' " The 1946 Act has extended the regulation of this type of work, and it is significant that the word " sweating " has disappeared from the statute, after having been written into it since 1901. It may be appropriate at this juncture to trace its history.
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Number of Certificates issued to Persons aged, Totals. 14 and under 15. 15 and under 16. Boys Girls Totals 25 21 1,138 1,043 1,163 1,064 46 2,181 2,227
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From the winter of 1877, for some eighteen years, the colony was plunged into depression. With the end of the great public-works schemes of the " seventies," the country was faced with extensive unemployment and distress unprecedented in its history. But the problem of unemployment was scarcely visualized by those in authority, and immigrants continued to arrive. The depression was world wide, being associated with a drain of gold into France, Germany, and the United States of America, the opening-up of the American railways, and a huge flood of goods from that country on to the world's markets. New Zealand's markets for wool and grain were affected. Incomes from overseas and incomes from Government spending on public works declined together. New Zealand industry was unprotected, and, in the face of overseas competition and falling prices, resorted to the usual methods of cost-cutting. Extensive unemployment made the lowering of wages easy. Women, girls, and boys replaced men in industry, and all were faced with competition from women who worked long hours in their own homes, The Employment of Females Act of 1873 was incapable of adequate enforcement. Conditions deteriorated rapidly, and industrial unrest developed, until it became impossible to ignore any longer the lowering of standards of living among the working population. In 1890 a Royal Commission was set up to investigate the " sweating evil," and, although its majority report began, " With satisfaction we report that the system known in London and elsewhere as ' sweating ' and which seemed at one time likely to obtain a footing in some of our cities, does not exist," the facts revealed in evidence, and the dissenting opinion of three members, showed a state of affairs which can scarcely be regarded with composure even after half a century of amelioration: Its immediate .result was the passing of the Factories Act, 1891. While this Act remedied many of the abuses which had been current, it was soon found that it had not touched one important aspect of " sweating." It provided (section 23) that any occupier of a factory who had work done, outside his factory should keep a record, for the use of Inspectors, of the names and addresses of workers concerned, of the description -and quantity of the work, and of rates of remuneration paid. This section was aimed at the practice of giving factory workers work to be completed at home, at the protection of those who worked habitually in their own houses, and at the employment of children at home. That it failed in its full purpose is demonstrated from the following quotation from the second annual report (1893) of Mr. Edward Tregear, the Secretary of the new Department of Labour : The subject of " sweating "is a very important but difficult one. to comment upon. There is little doubt but that sweating goes on in a few places, but it is proceeded with in a manner which the Factory Inspectors (with their present powers) cannot prevent. Such work is generally given to persons who, not having any factory or workshop, and not assembling in any number, do not come within the provisions of the Act. Two points of difficulty are met with when attempting to put down sweating by legislative action : one is that it is hard to reconcile the right of entry to private houses with the sanctity of the homes ; and the other that the " sweating " wage, miserable as it is, sometimes stands between the unfortunate recipient and starvation. If the State prevents this pittance being worked for, the authorities must either regulate wages or pension indigent workers, both of which courses are at present " outside the domain of practical politics." In the following year the report of the Department contained further reference to sweating in much stronger terms. It was said that some of the homes in which work was done were " dens of dirt and pestilence, from which germs of contagion are scattered broadcast among the public ..." Further, " respectable " employers could not compete with those who cared " for nothing but making money" and who found " ' homework ' extremely convenient." A great part of the trouble was attributed to two classes of workers —namely, married women who took piecework to eke out husbands' incomes or to provide a little extra money and who could therefore afford to " under cut " piece rates, and those who, through invalidity or other causes, had to
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remain at home, and who were therefore completely dependent on such work and completely defenceless. Both classes of people would consider the prohibition of the system an intolerable injustice. Several recommendations as to how the difficulties might be overcome followed, and, as a result, in 1894 an amending Act was passed. In introducing it in the House the Prime Minister stated that its purpose was, inter alia, to prevent sweating. Factoryowners had complained of competition from others who gave out cloth to be made up in private homes. Further, the work was being done in unhealthy and insanitary conditions. The Act was to introduce a system of ticketing of textile and shoddy goods made up in outside places " so that persons may know, when they are purchasing garments how they are made —may know the risk they run, and have an opportunity of supporting factories carried on in a legitimate manner, in the best interests of all concerned " (New Zealand Parliamentary Debates, Vol. LXXXIII, p. 305). The Act embodied the 1891 provisions, and compelled the labelling of textile out-work thus :
In the following year it was commented by the Department that the effects of the Act had had the intended result —viz., " to confine, as far as possible, the manufacture of clothing, &c., to well-ventilated, wholesome workshops, where the lives of employees are more safe and comfortable than if the workers were driven by competition to slave for unlimited hours at starvation rates in filthy hovels." It was, however, commented that the competition of women working for pocket-money and of girls partly supported by parents would always adversely affect factory workers as long as piece-work could be given out at all. It may be noted, however, that the Act of 1894 had altered the definition of " factory " so as to apply it to premises where two or more persons were engaged, the original Act having stipulated three. This enabled a mother and daughter, or two sisters, to take in work, have their home registered as a factory, and avoid using the label. In 1896 Mr. Tregear reported that the ticket system had practically stopped " home " manufacture. In those cases where homes were registered they were subject to inspection. The 1896 Amendment Act provided against certain evasions, prohibited subletting of " outwork," and prevented the practice of workers in factories taking work home at night. By this Act, too, was inserted the provision that no factory work could be carried on in premises where a person resided who suffered from an infectious disease. This applied to houses where " outwork " was performed. From this time up to 1936 the law remained unchanged. The provisions were consolidated in 1908 and again in 1921-22. On each of these occasions the requirements relating to " outwork " in shoddy or textiles appeared under the heading " Sweating in Factories," but it is apparent that over the comparatively few years in which this section of the Act was reaching its final form (1891 to 1896) the terms " sweating " and " outwork " had narrowed very considerably in meaning.
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It is difficult to say to what extent labels were ever used as the necessity for them would apparently act as sufficient deterrent to the practice of " letting out" in the textile trade. Moreover, with the more active organization of women into industrial unions and the consequent improvement of conditions inside the factories, the " sweating evil" tended to disappear. The regulation of wages and the pensioning of indigent workers were coming within the realms of practical politics, but the problem, as Mr. Tregear saw it, remained. Invalids must be permitted to work at home. Nor might married women be prevented, in justice, from supplementing the family income. But conditions must be regulated to ensure that employers were not faced with unfair competition, that workers were not sweated, and that work was done in reasonably healthy surroundings. The inspection of private homes was to be avoided. The labelling system was the best answer. The idea of the labels seems, however, to have been so unattractive that it effectively prevented those who wished to work at home from doing so, and a compromise arrangement evolved without special enactment. The Factories Acts had always provided that premises" were a " factory" (and were therefore liable for registration and inspection) if they used power machinery, no matter how many persons were engaged. Thus a room in a house equipped with an electrically-driven sewingmachine could be registered as a factory. This avoided labelling, but gave Inspectors the right of entry, and of refusal to register. Constant regard (at annual re-registration times) for cleanliness, for earnings, and for the possibility of children's work enabled the Department to prevent abuses, and the effect was that in necessitous cases labelling was avoided at the price of supervision. It is to be noted that the Act contemplated only work in " shoddy " or textiles. In the footwear trade a system grew up whereby the machining of uppers could be carried out in private homes. In the New Zealand Female Boot Operatives' award of 16th July, 1912 (13 Awards 458), it was provided : All work shall be performed in the factory workshop, except where permits to work at home are granted. Applications for such permits shall be referred to one representative appointed by the Boot-manufacturers' Association and one representative appointed by the union. If no agreement is arrived at between the two so appointed, the matter shall be referred to the Inspector of Awards for the district, and his decision shall be final. This provision was expanded in subsequent awards and used to no small extent. However, the number of permits granted depended upon the goodwill of the union and of the employers' association. When this was not forthcoming it was found that application could be made for registration as a factory of premises containing a power-machine, and the Inspector, having no authority to refuse registration if the room set aside was in accordance with the provisions of the Act, the " permit " process could be by-passed. In fact, in 1916, when, at the instigation of a union, an employer who did this was prosecuted for failing to pay award rates of wages to an outworker in respect of whom no " permit" had been obtained, and where premises were registered as a factory, it was ruled by the Court of Arbitration that between the firm letting out and the outworker there was no relationship of master and servant (since the worker purchased the material and sold it back), and that therefore the provisions of the award could not apply (18 Awards 878). In the years of expansion after World War I outwork did not emerge as a pressing practical problem. The attitude to outwork has always depended upon general economic conditions. In a state of something approaching full employment an employer seeks outworkers not so much to get work done more cheaply, as to get it done at all, and if reasonable rates are paid the Department has not had the reluctance to allow the practice to be extended that characterized more stringent times.
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The legal position was, nevertheless, fundamentally unsatisfactory and continually occupied the attention of Inspectors. It was discussed in connection with the formulation of the Tailoring Trade Regulations, which were brought into operation in 1925. Again, in 1926, an investigation was undertaken with the intention of amending the Act. There were at that time fewer than 150 outworkers in the Dominion, 100 of these being in Auckland and Dunedin, but as no cases of sweating or of undue hardship were discovered the matter was not proceeded with. In 1932 the matter was mentioned in the House of Representatives, and, in accordance with an order that a return showing details of houses registered as factories should be laid before the House, the following was prepared and submitted :
It was alleged that the registration procedure had led to abuses, but the table reproduced above shows how very few in number were the registrations of houses as factories. The post-depression revival of trade appears to have been accompanied in the clothing industry with virtually full employment of existing machinery and expansion of production was sought by means of " outwork." In Auckland, for instance, where in 1936 fifteen houses were registered as factories, no fewer than thirty-three new applications were received in March and April of that year. Accordingly, when revision of the Factories Act was undertaken, new provision for outwork was made. The Factories Amendment Act, 1936, revoked the labelling requirements, provided that the regulation of outwork could be extended to materials other than shoddy and textiles, and required outworkers to obtain a licence from the Inspector. Licences were only to be issued — (а) Where the number of outworkers operating from a factory was not more than one to every ten persons employed in the factory; (б) Where the applicant was in necessitous circumstances or unable to work in a factory; (c) Where the premises were suitable ; and (d) Where employment would be at a rate of remuneration equal to or greater than the rate for similar work in the factory. The Department considered that the first consideration was the worker's circumstances, and that a separate room should always be set aside in the house as a work-room. Where all the conditions were fulfilled licences were not withheld. All premises were dealt with under these provisions, and the registration of houses as factories discouraged.
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Trade in which engaged. Industrial District. Clothing. Dressmaking and Millinery. Baking. Upholstering. Umbrellamaking. Totals. Northern Taranaki Wellington Nelson Westland Canterbury Otago and Southland 5 6 i 6 6 4 5 1 5 2 1 1 i 1 13 4 13 1 6 8 Totals 18 23 1 2 1 45
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Dominion-wide inquiry was conducted in September, 1937, as a result of allegations that there were cases where " several members of one family were taking advantage of the ' backyard' permits." No such case was discovered during the investigation. It is interesting to note, however, that licences granted from the passing of the Amendment Act numbered 122, of which 107 were issued in Auckland and 13 in Wellington. Licences had been refused for the following reasons : (a) An applicant proposed to work in a bedroom where three persons slept. (b) An applicant proposed to work in the family meal-room. (c) An applicant proposed to work in the cellar of an apartment-house. (d) Applicants were not in " necessitous circumstances." (e) Prices offered were considered too low. *" Necessitous circumstances " had been interpreted as including — (a) Domestic responsibilities, including the maintenance and care of relations and young children. (b) Health reasons. (c) Unemployed or ailing husbands, &c. The investigation included night visits to the homes of licensees, in consequence of allegations of long hours of work, but nothing was found to substantiate these. During the war years there was another extension of the outworking system. A review of all licences was conducted in 1940, when clothing-trade firms, pressed by war contracts and already employing their full quota of outworkers, began applying for the registration as factories of houses in which they had installed power-machines. The following table indicated the position :
It had been suggested that the question of a possible relaxation of the proportion provisions be considered by the Industrial Emergency Council, but, in view of the fact that it appeared from the survey that the desire for relaxation came only from one centre, no recommendation for a general change was made. When the revision of the Act was proposed in 1946 the outwork section was among those altered. The experience of the past has been fully utilized, and the new Act, while incorporating the old requirements, extend them — (a) To work of any description ; and "(6) To work carried on under relationships other than that of master and servant. " Contracting " no longer secures immunity from supervision. A further provision is that an Inspector issuing licences is to forward particulars of each licence granted to " such organizations of workers and of employers engaged in the industry as he thinks fit." It may be of interest that, prior to the passing of the Act, the whole outworking system was again the object of investigation, and an inquiry was made among other things into rates of remuneration. Typical results may be illustrated by reference to
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Number of Licensed Outworkers at each of the Dates shown. District. 31/3/38. 31/3/39. 31/3/40. 1/10/40. Auckland 82 29 31 64 Wellington 6 7 11 15 Whangarei 1 Napier 5 5 5 New Plymouth 2
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the Wellington district. There were, at 31st July, 1946, fifty-six women outworkers licensed in this district. During the four months ending 31st July, 1946, the earnings of these women were distributed as follows :
All the five earning less than £lO over the period had family incomes (apart from what was derived from outwork) in excess of £5 10s. a week. All had two or more children in respect of whom they received family allowance, not included in the family income above. Outwork was a means of supplementing incomes, and the low payments indicate, not low piece-rates, but low output. The two workers who earned in excess of £BO were supplementing the one a maintenance-order allowance, and the other her invalid husband's pension. In neither case did excessively long hours appear to be worked. With the present shortage of female factory workers there is a great demand for outworkers. During the year ending 31st March, 1947, licences have been issued as follows : Auckland .. .. 378 Timaru .. .. .. 2 Hamilton .. .. 2 Oamaru.. .. .. 3 Tauranga .. .. 3 Dunedin .. .. 17 Napier .. .. 7 Invercargill .. .. 6 Wellington .. .. 108 Christchurch .. .. 103 Total .. .. 629 These licences are being carefully watched, and adequate inspection is made to ensure that there is no recurrence of the old evils. (8) The Factories Act, 1946 The New Zealand Factories Act has always been based upon British legislation, and the Imperial Factories Act of 1937, which came into force on Ist July, 1938, was carefully studied by the Department at that time, the Government intending to improve the New Zealand Act, particularly in respect of the provisions applying to the safety, health, and welfare of workers. The war intervened, but at the termination of hostilities the new measures were pressed forward. The result is the Factories Act, 1946. Important features of the Act are as follows : (a) The date for re-registration of factories is changed from the Ist April to Ist February, to enable the work of re-registration to be effected before the close of the financial year, thus avoiding the period when the work of the Department is most congested, and also to obtain more up-to-date figures for the Department's reports at 31st March. (b) The employment of boys and girls under the age of sixteen on overtime work is prohibited.
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Number of Outworkers earning Sums indicated. £ Under 10 5 10 and under 20 11 20 „ 30 9 30 „ 40 13 40 „ 50 7 50 „ 60 2 60 „ 70 3 70 „ 80 4 80 and above 2
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(e) In connection with, the issuing of certificates of fitness to boys and girls under sixteen years of age it is now provided that the employer must obtain and produce to the Department a medical certificate as to the fitness of the boy or girl for employment in the particular factory. (d) The provisions relating to the giving-out of work have, as described above, been extended considerably. (e) The minimum rates of wages payable to factory workers have been increased to a wage of not less than £1 2s. 6d. a week, with half-yearly increments on the agreed rate of not less than ss. a week until the rate of payment is £2 12s. 6d. a week. (/) There are detailed provisions regarding machinery, dangerous liquids, means of access and safety of places of employment, and means of escape in case of fire to ensure the safety of the working environment. It is to be mentioned that the provisions as to doors in factories have been recast on the lines of the New Zealand Standard Code of Building By-laws. (g) The health and welfare of factory workers is dealt with at length. The relevant sections (54 to 78) follow the lines of the Imperial Act. They include reference to such things as air space, canteens, the care of employees, of amenities and other things provided by the employer to secure their health or welfare, and to the making of regulations laying down standards as to what may be regarded as adequate, effective, sufficient, or suitable health and welfare requirements. (h) The definition of " factory " has been amended to give the Act wider application, and the Act is now applied to Government undertakings. SECTION 4.—SHOPS AND OFFICES ACT, 1921-22 (1) The Number of Shops, Offices, and Assistants During the past year there has been a greater coverage of shops and offices by the inspection staff of the Department. This has brought greater accuracy in the estimates of the numbers of shops and offices and of assistants employed. Since, however, no registration provision applies to shops comparable with that which enables the Department to have accurate knowledge of the numbers and sizes of factories, it is to be emphasized that shop and office figures must be based upon the inspection reports of officers, and, to the extent that inspections may be made only at yearly intervals, no complete picture at any point in time can be obtained, and no account taken of changes since inspection. From information at present obtainable the following figures have been estimated : Shops with assistants .. .. .. .. .. 15,900 Shops without assistants .. .. .. .. 13,100 Total .. .. .. .. 29,000 Male assistants .. .. .. .. .. 26,800 Female assistants .. .. .. .. .. 31,200 Total .. .. .. .. 58,000 Offices .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,700 Male assistants .. .. .. .. .. 10,600 Female assistants .. ~ .. .. .. 15,400 Total .. .. .. .. 16,000
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(2) Annual Appointment op Statutory Closing-day (Half-holiday) por Shops Except where the closing-day has been fixed by a poll of electors, it is appointed each year by resolution of the local authority or, in the absence of a decision by a local -authority, by the Minister of Labour. The following changes -of closing-day occurred in the year under review : From "Wednesday to Saturday : Borough of Ross, Town of Hunterville, County of Waipa, County of Waitotara, County of Awatere, and County of Southland. From Thursday to Saturday : County of Cook and County of Whangamomona. From Wednesday to Friday : Road District of Ostend (Waiheke Island). (3) Amendment to the Act The Shops and Offices Amendment Act, 1946, came into operation on the 9th October, 1946. It provides a forty-hour week for assistants in hotels and The Court of Arbitration is empowered on the application of any party, by order in the case of an existing award or in any new award, to extend the hours to forty-four where it is of the opinion that it would be impracticable to carry on efficiently the business of the class of hotel or restaurant concerned, without such extension, but the time worked beyond forty hours is to be paid for at overtime rates—i.e., time and a half, with a minimum of Is. 6d. an hour. Extension of the weekly hours from forty to forty-four may be made up to the last day of June, 1947, but the forty-hour limit will apply after that date unless the extension has been authorized by the Court. It is further provided that where the parties to an industrial dispute agree concerning the employment of females in a restaurant for not more than an hour after 10.30 p.m. and this agreement is embodied in an award, a female over twenty-one may be so employed if satisfactory arrangements are made to convey her to her home after work. The Amendment Act also empowers the Governor-General, by Order in Council, to regulate the days and hours during which premises may be open for the sale of motorspirits, petrol, oil, and motor accessories. Pursuant to this provision the Motor-spirits Retail Hours Regulations 1946 were made (1946/201) and operated from Ist December, 1946, while the Oil Fuel Retail Hours Emergency Regulations (1942/181 and 1942/317), which were made during the war under the Emergency Regulations Act, were revoked by Order in Council (1947/33) on 12th March, 1947. SECTION S.—INDUSTRIAL CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION ACT, 1925 (1) The Court of Arbitration The work of the Court in making awards and in approving (for economic stabilization purposes) of industrial agreements may be summarized as follows :
There were in force, on 31st March, 1947, 583 awards and industrial agreements, which shows an increase on the total of 576 at 31st March, 1946.
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Year ended 31st March, 1946. 1947. Awards made 115 155 Industrial agreements approved 32 47 Amendments to existing awards or industrial agreements 427 30 Apprenticeship orders made 11 Amendments to existing apprenticeship orders ]L23 27 Miscellaneous documents (interpretations, enforcements, 59 54 &c.)
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(2) Conciliation Commissioners The work performed by the three Conciliation Commissioners may be also summarized : Disputes where complete agreement reached .. .. 112 Disputes where substantial agreement reached .. .. 13 Disputes where partial agreement reached .. .. 56 Disputes committees .. .. .. .. '53
(3) Registration op Industrial Associations and Unions The annual statutory return giving a list of associations and unions on tlie register and their membership at 31st December, 1946, forms Appendix 111 to this report. A summary is as follows :
(4) Industkial Disturbances
There were 102 industrial stoppages during the year. The following table shows comparative figures over the past five years : I
The 102 stoppages were distributed among industries as follows :
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31st December, 1945. 31st December, 1946. Number. Membership. Number. | Membership. 1 Employers' associations Employers' unions Workers' associations Workers' unions 23 272 34 384 150 16,903 177 229,103 23 1 275 35 377 150 16,033 181 247,498
Period, Number of Number of Year ended 31st March, Stoppages. W orking-days lost. 1943 43 26,123 1944 108 41,299 1945 147 44,565 1946 135 56,460 1947 102 43,616
Industry. Number of Stoppages. Meat-freezing Shipping— Seamen Waterside workers Others Coal-mining Others .. .. .. 25 6 3 1 53 14 Total 102
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The stoppages grouped by their duration in days were distributed as follows
In the meat-freezing industry there were five stoppages which lasted longer than three days. An Auckland freezing-works decided to employ a " shackler " where previously the butchers had done their own shackling. The labourers indicated that no labourer would perform the work at the hourly rate offered unless the worker also shared in the butchers' " pool-money." The labourers continued at work, but the butchers ceased for five days and a half, throwing the boners out of employment. Employment as shacklers at an hourly rate of pay was finally accepted by the labourers. Certain abattoir workers ceased work for fifteen days seeking the inclusion of better hours and wages in an award which would be common to themselves and the local authority's labourers. A settlement was arrived at at a meeting of the parties and the Conciliation Commissioner. The workers at a Canterbury freezing-works ceased work to further their claim for an increase in their minimum weekly wage, following on what was regarded as a bad season. Work ceased in sympathy at two other works on the following day. A week later, the works having been declared " black," workers at two more South Island freezing-works ceased work in sympathy. At a conference presided over by the Conciliation Commissioner the parties agreed to abide by the decision of an Emergency Disputes Committee, and the workers resumed work eight working-days after the original stoppage. In consequence of the preceding stoppage, the work at the Christchurch Municipal Abattoir increased, and work was stopped when the workers demanded additional pay. An Emergency Disputes Committee was agreed to by the parties, and the Committee granted increases to the slaughtermen, with proportionate increases for youths and casual workers. In Auckland female freezing-works' employees ceased work, demanding that their employer launder and supply two smocks a week instead of one. An Emergency Disputes Committee was set up, and it was decided that the workers should be supplied, free of cost, with two clean smocks per working-week. A dispute in the coastal shipping trade originated at the beginning of July, ships' crews asking that heating and lighting be provided for twenty-four hours a day. An Emergency Disputes Committee, a week later, after the ships had sailed, ruled that heat and light should be provided on ships in port until 11 p.m. each day when ships were on articles. When the ships reached their various ports the men again ceased work, but at a conference of the parties a settlement was reached for extended provision of heat and light. Carpenters on ship-work ceased work for six days, claiming additional dirt-money while working in phosphate-dust in the hold of a ship. The employers offered a dirtallowance, which was not considered adequate, but the parties eventually agreed to abide
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Industry. Number of Stoppages lasting— Totals. Nil.* Up to One Day. Up to Three Days. Four to Ten Days. Over Ten Days. Go Slow. Meat-freezing Shipping Coal-mining Others Totals 2 10 3 40 6 5 3 9 2 4 2 4 5 1 1 5 25 ' 10 53 14 2 59 19 15 2 5 102 * Refusal to work overtime.
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by the decision of an independent arbitrator. Work was resumed when the arbitrator ruled that the men should be paid extra, at the rate which waterside workers received for unloading phosphate cargoes. There were four strikes lasting more than three days in the coal-mining industry. The action of a mine-manager at Ohai in putting a day-shift worker on to the backshift caused a four-day strike, which ended when the workers' claims were withdrawn. The management of the State coal-mine at Stockton were alleged by the workers to have engaged a shiftman as a miner, when sixteen others on the waiting-list had priority. A five-day strike by three hundred men ended when, after discussions with the Coal Council, the man in question, and five others from the union waiting-list, were engaged and commenced employment. Miners in Huntly ceased work as a protest at alleged delay in payment, in several cases, of workers' compensation. They also objected to what they declared was an erroneous impression given by the newspapers reporting the strike, that negotiations concerning the delay had not previously takeft. place. Work was resumed on an understanding that the mine superintendent and the union would confer with a view to expediting compensation payments, and that the press reports would be corrected. In March, 1947, miners in seven mines at Huntly ceased work following the refusal of the management of one mine to accede to a request that 1.10 p.m. (instead of 2 p.m.) be the recognized time for stopping work on " wet shifts." Work was resumed after nine days, when it was agreed that if men, through no fault of their own, had to knock off during a " wet shift " they would receive a full two hours' wet-pay allowance. Should they cease work without a satisfactory reason, they were to be paid a proportion of the allowance according to time worked. _ There were six stoppages of more than three days in other industries, of which the more serious may be summarized as follows : —■ To enable them to see relatives in the Armed Forces in privacy, female domestic workers at an hotel were allowed during the war years certain privileges in respect of the entertainment of men friends. The withdrawal of these privileges resulted in cessation of work for five days, but the workers resumed on the advice of their union. Roof-tilers stopped work for ten days, requesting the dismissal of a foreman who, they alleged, used insulting and obscene language. Work was resumed when the foreman resigned. Nine Public Works Department workers lost thirty-eight days, when they claimed payment of travelling-time for the time occupied in travelling from and to the job in each alternate week-end. In the negotiations between the parties the usefulness of the work was questioned, and the claim was dropped when the job was abandoned. Flaxmill employees complained that the water used in the milling processes which was drawn from a river backwater, was offensive, and they claimed compensatory payment. An Emergency Disputes Committee decided that a special payment of Is. a day be paid to the workers until a certificate was issued by the Health Department and the Inspector of Factories that the nuisance had reasonably abated. Forty-two men lost four days in the dispute. Two other disturbances may be mentioned. The " Wanganella " dispute, upon which considerable attention has been focused, was still the subject of negotiations and bad not terminated at the end of the year under review. It will be reported in the Department's next report. Waterside workers at the ports of Auckland, Onehunga, Gisborne, Napier, New Plymouth, Wanganui, Wellington, Picton, Nelson, Greymouth, Westport, Lyttelton, Timaru, Oamaru, Dunedin, Port Chalmers, and Bluff refused to work overtime after 5 p.m. on week-days or on Saturdays during the period from approximately the 29th November, 1946, to approximately the 18th January, 1947. Their refusal of overtime work was stated to be a protest against a pronouncement of the Chairman of the
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Waterfront Industry Commission on the guaranteed minimum weekly wage, attendancemoney, and certain other conditions of employment. In view of the continued refusal of overtime, the Government, on the 6th January, suspended the powers and authorities, of the Waterfront Commission with the exception of two orders governing labour engagement bureaux and central pay offices. The National Council of the Waterside Workers' Union instructed all its branches to resume normal work on and from the 20th January. The suspension was rescinded when normal work recommenced, and the matters in dispute were referred to the Commission for further consideration. The Commission met to consider these matters, but was unable to agree even upon a basis of discussion of the dispute, and the Chairman, with the consent of the members, reported that the Commission was unable to deal with the dispute. He subsequently tendered his resignation, which was. accepted with much regret. The appointments of the other members were then cancelled. After consultation, the Government and the union came to an agreement upon matters pertaining to daily and weekly minimum payments, Saturday engagements, accommodation and amenities, and annual and statutory holidays. (5) International Comparisons The figures below have been extracted from the Year-Book of Labour Statistics of the International Labour Office and official publications of other countries. They show a comparison of industrial disputes in five countries. Information which is internationally comparable is difficult of access, and there is necessarily considerable delay in compiling it. The statistics indicate that New Zealand is by no means the worst sufferer from strikes and lockouts. In actual numbers of strikes, workers involved,, and working-days lost we have lower figures than any of the other four countries :
23
New Zealand. Australia * Canada. Year. C3 <8 it >g ST §3 2 <D o £ •3 n § £ 1 ° S lb §■ -3 § s 1 £ tM 03 o ll 05 •§ .1^ B-sI >> >§ C3 CJ § « I <3 J IS a-2 go ||| >> l*§ •3 § 3 1 IM 19S8 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 72 66 57 89 65 69 149 154 97 11 16 10 15 14 11 30 39 16 35 54 28 26 51 15 53 67 30 376 416 350 567 602 785 941 945 144 153 193 248 169 296 261 327 1,338 459 1,507 984 378 990 913 2,120 142 120 166 229 352 401 195 197 228 20 41 61 87 114 218 75 96 139 149 225 266 434 450 1,041 490 1,457 4,516 Great Britain. United States. Year. cm go SI tZi ■§ ££ § So 2 sM * Co rt ? » .a o MS £ <M CO It I 5 111 'O T3 o3 60 8 a § sib £ 1938 .. 1939 .. 1940 .. 1941 .. 1942 .. 1943 .. 1944 .. 1945 .. 1946 .. 875 940 922 1,251 1,303 1,785 2,194 2,293 2,191 274 337 299 360 457 557 821 531 525 1,330 1,360 940 1,080 1,530 1,810 3,710 2,840 2,160 2,772 2,613 2,508 4,288 2,968 3,752 4,956 4,750 4,700* 688 1,171 577 2,363 840 1,981 2,116 3,467 4,650* 9,148 17,812 6,701 23,048 4,183 - 13,501 8,880 38,025 113,000* * Preliminary figures only.
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A much better comparison is given in the following table. This shows the number of days lost in each year in mining, industry, and transport per 1,000 persons gainfully employed in those occupations. It thus measures the extent of disturbances in the employments most subject to strikes in a manner which makes allowance for the differences in size and number of workers of different countries :
Days lost per 1,000 Persons in Mining, Industry, and Transport
New Zealand does not show the lowest rates of days lost in every year over the six-year period, but is far from showing the highest. In 1938 and 1939 Canada and Great Britain had lower rates. In 1940 and 1941 Great Britain alone had a lower rate than New Zealand. In 1942 the rate was lower in Great Britain and the United States. In 1943 New Zealand had a lower rate than any of the other four countries. This is an excellent record. Figures for later years will be awaited with interest. Details of the compilation of these statistics will be found in the Year-Book of Labour Statistics, 1943-44, page 242. (6) Minimum Wage-rates fixed by Awards and Industrial Agreements There has been no alteration in the standard minima for adult male workers specified by the Court of Arbitration in a pronouncement dated 17th March, 1945—namely, skilled, 3s. per hour ; semi-skilled, 2s. B|d. to 2s. lid. per hour; and unskilled, 2s. 7|d. per hour. Table VIII gives the minima for a number of the principal industries. Where there is no Dominion award or agreement in operation Wellington rates have been taken, unless otherwise indicated. (7) Amendment to the Act It had been an accepted principle of Conciliation and Arbitration procedure that any applicant to have a dispute heard before a Council or the Court was entitled to withdraw or amend claims at any stage, until, as a result of a decision of the Supreme Court in the Wellington Foremen Stevedores' case (43 Awards 877) such amendments and withdrawals were no longer in order. The Statutes Amendment Act, 1946, which was assented to on 12th October, 1946, removes this disability and allows for amendment or withdrawal of claims at any stage of proceedings. In addition, an amendment to the Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations, of 12th March, 1947, empowers the Court of Arbitration to amend awards and industrial agreements (for the purpose of preserving relationships with the rates of remuneration of other workers) which are in force at the date of any pronouncement specifying standard rates of wages for skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers. This power of amendment applied previously only to any award or agreement which had " come into force not later than the 18th day of July, 1945." In addition, at the time of making any standard rate pronouncement under Regulation 39 (b) the Court is empowered to amend awards and agreements having regard to any increases in rates granted by the Court since 17th March, 1945. SECTION 6.—LABOUR DISPUTES INVESTIGATION ACT, 1913 (1) Agreements During the year fourteen agreements were filed under this Act. On 31st March, 1947, fifteen such agreements were in force. This represents a considerable increase over last year's figure of seven.
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Year. New Zealand. Australia. Canada. Great Britain. United States. 1938 164 1,351 95 136 457 1939 237 445 167 132 957 1940 118 1,482 188 88 330 1941 108 897 294 97 1,096 1942 214 335 296 138 170 1943 63 865 677 162 478
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SECTION 7.—APPRENTICES ACT, 1923 (1) The Apprentices Amendment Act, 1946 This Act, which came into force from the Ist January, 1947, arose from the recommendations of the Apprenticeship Commission of 1944 and makes widespread changes in the traditional apprenticeship system of the country. In the first place, it makes provision for the appointment of a Commissioner of Apprenticeship and of four District Commissioners, who are to take over the functions of the District Registrars of Apprentices empowered by the original Act. In industries where there are organizations of employers and workers these organizations may agree to set up New Zealand Apprenticeship Committees, which may be registered in the usual way. These New Zealand Committees, which will operate in addition to the existing " local " Committees, will have a number of functions, which, broadly, may be described as to supervise the flow of youths into skilled trades, to apply to the Court of Arbitration for Dominion-wide apprenticeship orders, to ensure proper training of apprentices, and to consider the matter of trade tests. Provision is made as to the membership of Committees and for payment of allowances and travelling-expenses to members. Certain powers of the Court of Arbitration in respect of apprentices may be delegated by it, partly to local Committees and partly to New Zealand Committees. After the commencement of the Act no apprenticeship orders may be made in respect only of a specified locality, but must be made for the whole country. In future apprenticeship orders the Court is empowered to apply the conditions of awards for the industry to apprentices, and to determine the wages of apprentices by reference to those of journeymen in the industry. The Court may, in an Order, require an employer to pay an apprentice wages for time taken during the day to attend a technical school, and may shorten the period of apprenticeship in the event of an apprentice obtaining a specified qualification. On the making of a new order all contracts in force at the time are to be read subject to the new order and to be deemed modified by it. The hours of apprentices under the age of eighteen years are limited to forty in a week, eight in a day or, on shift-work, to the hours between 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. The limits of hours may be exceeded if an order provides for the working of overtime by apprentices under eighteen. The Court may also make apprenticeship orders in respect of females, and, in that event, the Act applies to those females. An important new provision is that requiring the previous consent of the appropriate Committee before a contract of apprenticeship is entered into. The provision for adult apprenticeship in section 7 of the Statutes Amendment Act, 1936, is repealed, and such apprenticeships may now be entered into subject to the approval of the Court of Arbitration, to which any proposed contract must be submitted, together with the recommendations of the District Commissioner or the local Committee. Where any employer is considered not to be able to provide adequate training, a local Committee or District Commissioner may transfer his apprentice to another employer who is willing and able to undertake the obligations of the original employer, notwithstanding that the second employer's proportion of apprentices to journeymen would thereby be exceeded. In case no employer is to be found to whom such an apprentice might be transferred, the Court may, with the consent of the appropriate Minister, transfer him to a State Department. It is also provided that regulations may be made under the Act authorizing the payment by the State of a lodging-allowance to any apprentice compelled to live away from home. (2) Apprenticeship Committees The reconstitution of existing apprenticeship committees to conform to the provisions of the 1946 Amendment Act requires that they shall consist of seven members other than the Chairman (who is the Commissioner, a District Commissioner, or an officer of the Department), three of whom shall be representatives of employers, three of workers, and one a person conversant with technical education. The reorganization of Committees has been completed in many cases and is proceeding in the remainder. There are at present 142 Committees registered.
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(3) The Number of Apprentices The number of apprentices whose contracts are suspended while they serve in the Armed Forces has decreased by almost two-thirds of the number in the previous year, without, however, increasing the total number of apprentices. While there were actually 12,167 apprentices working at the trade at 31st March, 1947 (see Table IX), compared with 11,301 twelve months before, the total number of registered apprentices shows a decline over the same period from 13,360 (2,059 being in the Armed Forces at 31st March, 1946) to 12,890 (there being 723 in the Forces at 31st March, 1947). The number of new contracts registered during the year ending on 31st March, 1947, was 3,116, which, compared with 3,133 for the previous year, indicates a slightly declining recruitment to this type of work. The number of new apprentices is still high, however, compared with previous years, and has only been surpassed twice since 1935. The building trades account for 870 of the new registrations, which, except for last year, is the highest figure in the last ten years. The distribution of the new apprenticeship contracts by trade and district is shown in Table X. SECTION B.—WORKERS' COMPENSATION ACT, 1922 (1) The Compensation Court The Compensation Court heard and determined 48 cases during the year ended 31st March, 1947. The fact that the Judge of the Court was occupied as Chairman of the Waterfront Control Commission from 26th June, 1946, to 14th February, 1947, accounts for the reduction in the number of cases. SECTION 9.—AGRICULTURAL WORKERS ACT, 1936 (1) Remuneration and Conditions of Employment Various changes in the rates of wages payable for agricultural work were made during the year, the "Farms and Stations" Extension Order being the only one unchanged. The prevailing rates are set out below. Large increases were gained by workers in market gardens in districts other than Auckland, and the various previous orders for this type of work (with the exception of that for Auckland) have been consolidated into one (1947/31). The new rates therein, £5 17s. 6d. a week for adult males and £3 15s. a week for adult females, contrast sharply with £4 and £2 4s. a week respectively under the old orders, which, however, were made in 1938. Rates of wages in all branches of agricultural work have now been brought into conformity with the provisions of the Minimum Wage Act, 1945. Details are :
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Class. Rate for Adult Worker. Date from which payable. Authorizing Measure. Reference in Statutory Regulations Series. Dairy-farms £4 10s. per week (plus board and lodging) 1/8/46 The Agricultural Workers Wage Fixation Order 1946 The Agricultural Workers Extension Order 1942, Amendment No. 2 The Agricultural Workers (Orchardists) Extension Order 1947 The Agricultural Workers (Tobacco-growers) Extension Order 1947 The Agricultural Workers Extension Order 1947 1946/183 Farms and stations Orchards Tobacco Market gardens (elsewhere than in Auckland district) £4 5s. per week (plus board and lodging) Male, £5 12s. 6d. per week, 2s. 9d. per hour ; female, £4 per week, Is. lOJd. per hour Male, 2s. 9d. per hour; female, Is. 9d. per hour Male, £5 17s. 6d. per week, 2s. 9d. per hour ; female, £3 15s. per week 1/4/46 13/1/47 1/12/46 1/9/46 1946/35 1947/32 1947/30 1947/31
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(2) Accommodation Reference to Table XIII of the Statistical Appendix will show the inspections of accommodation that have been carried out on dairy-farms, and other farms and stations* Table XXII shows the extent to which requisitions have been served under both the Agricultural Workers' and Shearers' Accommodation Acts for the improvement of Accommodation. (3) Share milking Agreements The Sharemilking Agreements Order 1944 was revoked during the year by a new order (1946/156) which came into force on 4th September, 1946. The new order incorporates a set of conditions which were either agreed to between the New Zealand Farmers' Union and the New Zealand Workers' Industrial Union of Workers, or were recommended by the Court of Arbitration. The order increased the sharemilker's proportion of milk and cream cheques, and sets out other conditions in greater detail than before. Inspectors have been called upon to give advice about the terms of the Order, and they report the settlement of a number of disputes. Some recourse has been had to arbitrators. Inquiries about the Order are reported to have been fewer than in the previous year, the reason apparently being wider knowledge of the Act and its general acceptance by the parties. (4) Under-rate Workers' Permits The following table shows the under-rate workers' permits issued under the Agricultural Workers Act, 1936, and the reasons for their issue :
SECTION 10.—SCAFFOLDING AND EXCAVATION ACT, 1922 (1) General During the year 4,050 notices of intention to erect buildings and scaffolding and to commence excavations were received. This compares with 3,980 of the previous year. Reference to Table XIII will show that an increased number of inspections were made.
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Part-time Work. Inexperience. Disability. Other Reasons. Type of Work. M. P. M. P. M. P. M. Details. Dairy-farms 3 126 7 73 2 2 1, working for widowed mother. Farms and stations .. 5 8 4 92 3 5 4, old age. Market gardens 1 5 2, mentally deficient. Orchards 1 Totals 3 132 15 4 171 5 7
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(2) Accidents Preliminary figures disclose that there were 56 scaffolding accidents in the calendar year 1946. Details of age-groups and causes are set out in Tables XI and XII of the Statistical Appendix. Although the number decreased from 100 in 1945, the accidents appear to have been more serious, as the following table indicates :
The first of the fatal accidents occurred when a worker was struck on the head by a piece of timber which fell from a building in the course of construction. The second fatality was caused by lacerations to a worker's side sustained when he fell from the planking of a suspension bridge, after a union screw holding the overhead suspension wire had given way. The third was due to a fracture of the skull caused by a fall from a church roof, which the worker concerned was engaged in painting. SECTION 11.—SERVANTS' REGISTRY OFFICES ACT, 1908 The following table shows the number of servants' registry offices registered with the Department in each year since 1935-36 :
It was noted last year that the steady decline in numbers since 1936-37 had been broken, but the declining trend has reasserted itself in the year under review. All the offices registered appear to have been well conducted, and no breaches of the Act were reported or discovered. SECTION 12.—FAIR RENTS ACT, 1936 (1) General The provisions of this Act have been summarized in previous reports. The Statutes Amendment Act, 1946, assented to on 12th October, 1946, extends the original Act to premises occupied by several persons for residential purposes. The total of the several amounts payable by such persons is deemed to be the rent of the premises. The Amendment Act also applies the principal Act to any tenancy, notwithstanding the fact that the landlord provides meals or food, unless the cost of such meals forms a substantial proportion of the rent. Details of the enforcement of the Act are given in Section 18.
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Number of Accidents. Degree of Disability. 1945. 1946. Temporary Permanent partial Fatal . . . . 98 2 50 3 3 Totals .. 1 100 56
Year. Number registered. Year. Number registered. 1935-36 .. 1936-37 .. 1937-38 .. 1938-39 .. 1939-40 .. 1940-41 .. 107 110 92 78 67 52 1941-42 .. 1942-43 .. 1943-44 .. 1944-45 .. 1945-46 .. 1946-47 .. 45 37 31 28 31 23
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(2) Action on behalf of Tenants The following table indicates the extent to which tenants have availed themselves of the services of the Department, which is empowered to act on their behalf :
The total number of applications has increased by 18*2 per cent, from last year's total (5,868). The most marked increase was in Auckland, where total applications increased by more than a quarter. (3) Statutes Amendment Act, 1945 The provision which authorizes an Inspector of Factories to approve of a fair-rent agreement where the occupier of a dwellinghouse agrees to let any part thereof to a serviceman, and allows the parties to agree that the Fair Rents Act shall not apply to the premises so let, has resulted in the submitting, this year, of 102 agreements, of which 92 were approved and 10 refused. (4) The Economic Stablization Emergency Regulations 1942
Agreements submitted to Inspectors as " authorized persons " in terms of these regulations are summarized below :
SECTION 13.—ANNUAL HOLIDAYS ACT, 1944 This Act, since its inception on Ist August, 1944, has produced only minor difficulties of administration. No amendment has been made to the Act during the year under review, but two important Court decisions have been recorded. In Moon v. Kent Bakeries, Ltd. (46 Awards 770), it was determined by the Court of Appeal that earnings (in addition to the award minimum rate of payment) under the clause of the New Zealand
Total Number of Applications. Agreements on Fair Rent. Cases where Court Proceedings for Fixation of Fair Rent involved. Cases where Demand for Increased Tenant represented in Eviction Proceedings or Notices to quit. Town, T3 0 1 Ph <i 1 ft ft 03 £ p. d o "sl o a :j § H Rent settled without Reference to Court (other than Agreed Increases). Involving Court Proceedings. Notice to quit withdrawn or abandoned as a Result of Inspector's Intervention. Auckland Wellington .. Christchurch Dunedin Other towns 2,802 2,145 649 259 1,080 1,207 237 199 104 495 31 45 18 22 47 198 75 91 25 66 95 238 25 3 23 971 934 230 71 289 267 232 73 22 87 33 384 13 12 73 Totals .. 6,935 2,242 163 455 384 2,495 681 515
J Agreements submitted. Locality. Approved. | Not approved. Auckland 613 14 Wellington 144 5 Christchurch 280 24 Dunedin 146 7 Other towns 471 99 Totals 1,654 149
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(except Marlborough) Bakers and Pastrycooks and their Labourers' award (38 Awards 2049), which provides " penalty rates" for time worked prior to a specified hour (clause 2 (d)), became part of a worker's " ordinary pay " and were to be included in assessing his holiday pay. The extent of the general application of the principle of this decision is a matter on which there is some doubt, and a further clarification of the meaning of " ordinary pay " may have to come from the Courts. In the Court of Arbitration, in Inspector of Awards v. A. M. Bisley and Co., Ltd. (46 Awards 961), it was held that where a worker was absent from his employment for a period of five months through sickness the contract of service was terminated in law by the worker's long illness, and that the Annual Holidays Act had application only to those periods during which the relationship of master and servant continued.
The following table shows the number of holiday cards surrendered and the amount paid out by the Post and Telegraph Department up to 31st March, 1947 :
Reference to Section 18 will show the enforcement action that was taken during the year. SECTION 14.—WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT, 1925 (1) Verification
Weights, measures and weighing and measuring instruments in use for trade purposes require to be verified in terms of the regulations under this Act. The following table shows the work carried out:—
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Period. Number of Transactions during Period. Amount paid out during Period. 1946 April May June July August September October November December 1947 January February March Totals for year ending 31st March, 1947 From 1st August, 1945, to 31st March, 1946 Totals to 31st March, 1947 2,066 2,405 1,828 2,065 2,789 2,736 2,823 2,694 4,015 4,103 3,316 3,137 £ s. d. 3,317 13 2 3,599 7 6 2,811 13 5 3,098 4 8 4,879 3 1 4,651 5 10 4,639 5 10 4,614 8 0 6,434 3 2 5,977 6 6 4,886 6 0 4,625 0 9 33,977 53,533 17 11 23,899 42,078 5 0 57,876 £95,612 2 11
1945-46. 1946-47. Article. Submitted. Rejected or adjusted. Submitted Rejected or adjusted. Weights Measures Weighing-instruments Measuring-instruments Milk and oil bottles 27,180 3,080 17,706 2,216 2,150,160 5,298 98 2,077 405 26,760 35,340 4,799 23,786 3,999 2,337,259 7,685 125 3,065 880 46,075
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In every instance the numbers are greater than those for the previous year. This has been due to an augmentation of the inspection staff. A contributory factor, too, was the ending of the rationing of motor-spirit, and the necessity for the reverification of a good many petrol-pumps which had been idle for some years.
Inspection work covering the requirements of the regulations as to net weight and standard weight of packages, and the sale of firewood, coke, and coal, and the provisions relating to the weight of bread was carried out as follows :
These figures record another all-over increase from the previous year. (2) New Appliances Twenty-two appliances presenting novel features were dealt with during the year. Of this number, 5 were approved, 12 are under review, and 5 were rejected as unsuitable for use for trade. In two cases modifications of the original design of the patterns submitted were found necessary. Details are — Approved— A self-indicating dial platform scale of 1,500 lb. capacity. A self-indicating dial overhead-track meat-weigher of 1,000 lb. capacity. A semi-self-indicating and price-computing counter scale of 14 lb. capacity. A semi-self-indicating and price-computing counter scale of 20 lb. capacity. A self-indicating counter scale of 2 lb. capacity. Under review— A self-indicating milk-tank weigher of 3,5001b. capacity. A steelyard platform scale of 400 lb. capacity. A self-indicating counter platform scale of 40 lb. capacity. A self-indicating and price-computing counter scale of 24 lb. capacity. A self-indicating counter scale of 2 lb. capacity. Two automatic packing and weighing machines of 1 lb. capacity. A volumetric filling and weighing machine of 2 cwt. capacity. A length-measuring instrument for the measurement of bolts of various woollen materials. A dual-purpose liquid-flow meter for large bulk and pre-determined automatic deliveries. A liquid-flow meter for the measurement of lubricating-oils of 5-pint capacity. A liquid-flow meter for the measurement of lubricating-oils of 1-gallon capacity. Rejected— An automatic packing and weighing machine of 101b. capacity. A steelyard platform scale of 200 lb. capacity. Three flow-meters intended for use for retail purposes on petrol service stations.
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— 1945-46. 1946-47. Number of packages checked 8,149 19,200 Found incorrect 765 2,417 Bags of coal checked .. 542 807 Found incorrect 130 178 Loaves of bread checked 5,136 8,607 Found incorrect 1,161 1,308
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SECTION 15.—BUSH WOKKERS ACT, 1945 (1) General This Act came into force on Ist January, 1946, and provides for the protection of workers in the timber industry not already covered by the Factories Act (which applies to sawmills). Four Inspectors were appointed during the year, and 130 inspections of bush undertakings have been made, and requisitions for improvement served, as below: —
Regulations under this Act are in the course of preparation. (2) Accidents Preliminary figures disclose that during the calendar year 1946 there were two fatal accidents in bush undertakings. The first occurred when a laden bogie broke loose on a tram-line. A worker, in endeavouring to apply the brakes, fell underneath, his leg being severed above the knee. He died the following day. The second was due to a falling tree striking a standing one, and breaking off a limb, which in falling struck a worker on the head, causing fatal injuries. Before the introduction of the Bush Workers Act employers were not obliged to notify accidents to the Department, and notification cannot be said yet to be complete. Wider coverage of bush undertakings by Inspectors will bring the new provisions to the notice of every employer, and no difficulty of administration is anticipated. SECTION 16.—HARMFUL PROCESSES Four sets of regulations affecting processes injurious to the health of workers in the absence of proper precautions may be commented upon as follows : (1) Spray Painting Regulations 1940 These were described in the annual report for the year 1939-40. The regulations were made at a time when shortages of materials made compliance somewhat difficult, but they were enforced throughout the war years, and complaints in the year under review have been very few. Both employers and workers should now be fully aware of their obligations in regard to spray-booths and their ventilation and illumination and of the precautions necessary to the preservation of health. Ten requisitions for improvement under these regulations were served during the year. (2) Lead Process Regulations 1925; Accumulator (Lead Process) Regulations 1940; Regulations relating to Bronzing (27 Awards 446) incorporated in Printing Trades' Awards In 1940 it was noted that no cases of lead poisoning resulted from paint-manu-facturing and painting. Most of the thirteen cases of lead poisoning reported in that year came from storage-battery factories. Since that time strict enforcement of the 1940 regulations has resulted in a diminution of the risk to workers in lead, only one case of poisoning having been reported this year, in accumulator process work. Four requisitions (see Table XXII) for compliance with the regulations were served during the year.
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Requirements. Number served. To fit canopies on logging tractors or to repair existing canopies To supply first-aid appliances To protect machinery, fit guards, &c. .. To repair bridges To repair tramways, To improve ropes, blocks, &c. 26 24 15 7 1 1 Total 74
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SECTION 17.—INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION (1) Twenty-eighth (Maritime) Session or the Conference A report on the Twenty-eighth (Maritime) Session of the International Labour Conference has already been presented as parliamentary paper A-7a. The session was held in Seattle during June, 1946, thirty-two countries being represented. The following delegation, which was the first to represent this country at a Maritime Session, was sent by New Zealand : Delegates representing the Government — Mr. G. M. F. Jackson, Chief Clerk, Department of Labour. Mr. D. N. Lawrence, Inspector of Seamen, Marine Department. Delegate representing the employers— Captain S. Holm, President of the New Zealand Shipowner's Federation. The agenda was as follows — (i) Director's report. (ii) Social Security for Seamen. (iii) Crew Accommodation on Board Ship. (iv) Food Catering on Board Ship. (v) Entry, Training, and Promotion of Seafarers. (vi) Holidays with Pay for Seafarers. (vii) Continuous Employment for Seafarers. (viii) Recognition of Seafarers' Organizations. (ix) Wages ; Hours of Work on Board Ship ; Manning. The Conference adopted, in all, nine conventions and four recommendations. The subject-matter of these texts covers virtually every phase of a seafarer's life —his training for and entry to sea service, his accommodation, food and health on board ships, his certification as an able seaman, his wages, hours and holidays, his social security while at work, and his pension on retirement. A notable feature was the adoption of a convention concerning wages, hours of work, and manning whereby, for the first time in history, an international minimum wage was laid down for an industry. The amount was fixed at £l6 (sterling) or $64 (U.S.) a month. This figure is below that at present operating on New Zealand ships, but sets a legislative aim before some carrying countries. The conventions and recommendations adopted at the Conference were as follows : Convention (No. 68) concerning food and catering for crews on board ship. Convention (No. 69) concerning the certification *of ships' cooks. Convention (No. 70) concerning social security for seafarers. Recommendation (No. 75) concerning agreements relating to the social security of seafarers. Recommendation (No. 76) concerning medical care for seafarers' dependants. Convention (No. 71) concerning seafarers' pensions. Convention (No. 72) concerning vacation holidays with pay for seafarers. Convention (No. 73) concerning the medical examination of seafarers. Convention (No. 74) concerning the certification of able seamen. Recommendation (No. 77) concerning the organization of training for sea service. Convention (No. 75) concerning crew accommodation on board ship. Recommendation (No. 78) concerning the provision to crews by ship-owners of bedding, mess utensils, and other articles. Convention (No. 76) concerning wages, hours of work on board ship, and manning.
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(2) Twenty-ninth Session of the Conference The Twenty-ninth Session of the Conference was held at Montreal from 19th September, 1946, to 9th October, 1946. The New Zealand delegation was as follows : Delegates representing the Government— The Hon. David Wilson, High Commissioner for New Zealand in Canada. Miss R. T. Skyring, Inspector of Factories, Department of Labour. Delegate representing the employers of New Zealand — Mr. H. E. Edgley, Secretary, Hawke's Bay Employers' Association. Delegate representing the workers of New Zealand — Mr. J. H. Thompson, Secretary, New Zealand Plumbers' and Gasfitters' Union. Mr. H. G. Duncan, Legal Officer, Department of Labour, was appointed as Adviser to the Government delegation. The following items were on the agenda : (i) Director's Report. (ii) Constitutional Questions. (iii) Protection of Children and Young Workers — (а) Medical examination for fitness of employment (young workers), second discussion; (б) Restriction of night work of children and young persons (nonindustrial occupations), second discussion. (iv) Minimum Standards of Social Policy in Dependent Territories (Provisions suitable for a Convention), first discussion. (v) Reports on the Application of Conventions (Article 22 of the Constitution). (3) Constitutional Questions As mentioned in last year's report, the 1945 Paris Session took action on certain constitutional questions of immediate urgency, the remainder being left for consideration at the next Session. Accordingly at the Twenty-ninth Session the Conference approved several decisions of importance for the future status of the International Labour Organization. The Conference approved an agreement defining the terms of relationship between the United Nations and the 1.L.0. whereby the United Nations recognizes the Organization as a specialized agency " responsible for taking such action as may be appropriate under its basic instrument for the accomplishment of the purposes set forth therein." This agreement Kas now been approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations. Basic changes in the constitution of the Organization necessary for the carrying-on of its work efficiently in the post-war world were approved by the Conference in the form of an Instrument of Amendment of the Constitution of the International Labour Organization, 1946. This will come into effect with ratification of approval of the Instrument by two-thirds of the member States of the Organization, including five of the eight States which hold non-elective seats on the governing body as States of chief industrial importance. The effect of the more important amendments is : (1) to facilitate co-operation between the Organization and the United Nations ; (2) to clarify and give greater recognition to the position occupied by the governing body ; (3) to increase the obligations of the member States with respect to action on International Labour Conventions ; (4) to clarify the obligations of Federal States in respect to Conventions and Recommendations ; (5) to improve the procedure for the application of Conventions to dependent territories. The Instrument of Amendment was ratified by the New Zealand Government on 16th June, 1947.
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(4) Protection of Children and Young Persons This question was the subject of a first discussion at the Twenty-seventh Session and was brought forward at the Twenty-ninth Session for final discussion. On the recommendation of the Committee appointed to consider the question, the following conventions and recommendations were adopted by the Conference : Convention (No. 77) concerning medical examination for fitness for employment in industry of children and young persons. Convention (No. 78) concerning medical examination of children and young persons for fitness for employment in non-industrial occupations. Recommendation (No. 79) concerning the medical examination for fitness for employment of children and young persons. Convention (No. 79) concerning the restriction of night work of children and young persons in non-industrial occupations. Recommendation (No. 80) concerning the restriction of night work of children and young persons in non-industrial occupations. (5) Minimum Standards of Social Policy in Dependent Territories The Conference approved proposals suggesting the adoption of conventions concerning social policy in non-self-governing territories, concerning the application of international labour standards to non-self-governing territories, and concerning the maximum lengths of contracts of employment, and decided to place on the agenda of the Thirtieth Session the three above-mentioned subjects with a view to final decision on a Convention or Conventions. (6) Thirtieth Session of the Conference The Thirtieth Session of the Conference opened in Geneva on 19th June, 1947. New Zealand was represented by the following delegation:— Delegates representing the Government — Right Hon. W. J. Jordan, High Commissioner for New Zealand in London. Mr. H. L. Bockett, Secretary of Labour and Director of Employment. Delegate representing the employers of New Zealand — Mr. W. J. Mount joy, Secretary, Wellington Employers' Association. Delegate representing the workers of New Zealand — Mr. J. A. S. Herring, Secretary, Auckland Clerical Workers' Union. Mr. G. M. F. Jackson, Chief Clerk, Department of Labour, has been appointed as substitute delegate and adviser to the Government delegation, and Mr. T. P. Davin, Second Secretary, External Affairs Department, has been appointed Government Adviser. Mr. P. M. Butler, President of the New Zealand Labourers' Association, is acting as Adviser to the workers' delegate. The following items are on the agenda—(i) Director's Report. (ii) Financial and Budgetary Questions. (iii) Minimum Standards of Social Policy in Dependent Territories (Provisions suitable for a Convention). (iv) Organization of Labour Inspection in Industrial and Commercial Undertakings. (v) Employment Service Organization. (vi) Report on the Application of Conventions (Article 22 of the Constitution).
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(7) Ratification of Conventions During the last twelve months the New Zealand Government has ratified the following conventions — Convention No. 58 : Minimum Age (Sea), (Revised), ratified 6th June, 1946. Convention No. 10 : Minimum Age (Agriculture), ratified 16th June, 1947. Convention No. 59 : Minimum Age (Industry), ratified 16th June, 1947. Convention No. 60 : Minimum Age (Non-industrial Employment), (Revised), ratified 16th June, 1947. Convention No. 50 : Recruiting of Indigenous Workers, ratified 16th June, 1947. Convention No. 64 : Contracts of Employment (Indigenous Workers), ratified 16th June, 1947. Convention No. 65: Penal Sanctions (Indigenous Workers), ratified 16th June, 1947. The ratification of conventions Nos. 50, 64, and 65 includes ratification in respect of the Cook Islands and Western Samoa. In the case of two conventions previously ratified —Convention No. 14, Weekly Rest (Industry), and Convention No. 29, Forced Labour, the Government has approved of the extension of the ratification to include the Cook Islands and Western Samoa. SECTION 18.—ENFORCEMENT ACTION (1) General The inspectorial staff of the Department is concerned with giving advice and assistance in respect of the industrial legislation of the Dominion, but a large part of their work consists in the enforcement of the Acts, agreements, awards, and regulations which the Department administers. It is not possible to give a complete description of the extent of these activities merely by a collection of statistics, but figures serve at least to indicate the ways in which compliance with the law is secured, and bring out the fact that the unspectacular but steady policing work of Inspectors, which occupies much of their time, is of considerable social importance. Tables XIII to XXIII set out in detail the numbers of inspections carried out, prosecutions taken, arrears of wages collected, requisitions for improvement served, and proceedings for the recovery of wages. Inspection work under the Weights and Measures Act, 1925, is dealt with in Section 14. (2) Inspections The number of inspections made during the year was greater than during the previous year in almost every section of the Department's work. (3) Investigations of Alleged Breaches Figures under this head are shown in Tables XIV to. XVIII. Table XIV shows those alleged to be committed by employers, Table XV by workers, and Table XYI is a summary of the other two. The figures are divided between investigations following complaints and those following inspections. The entries which indicate "no breach disclosed " following an inspection relate to doubtful questions raised by Inspectors, which are shown to be in order only after investigation or explanation.
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It is to be noted that the visits of Inspectors accounted for more breaches disclosed {63 prosecutions + 5,867 cases otherwise disposed of = 5,930) than did complaints {221 + 5,633 = 5,854). A high proportion of the complaints (1,827 out of a total' of 7,681, or 24 per cent.) disclosed after investigation no breach of the law. The Fair Rents Act, 1936, and the provisions as to rents of the Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942, have been separately treated in Tables XVII and XVIII. The tables show that a diminution -in breach investigation under the main Act has been to some extent offset by an increase in investigation into matters coming within the scope of the regulations. (4) Prosecutions The statistics of investigations show that 284 prosecutions were conducted by the Department during the year. Tables XIX and XX analyse these by the way in which they were disposed of, and detail the penalties imposed. These tables exclude action taken under the Fair Rents legislation, and separate those for enforcement of the Weights .and Measures Act, 1925, from the remainder. Both weights and measures proceedings, .and those under the " industrial" legislation proper, show a decline from the previous year. The proportion of convictions secured in the latter (185 out of a total of 276 cases) was 67 per cent., a slight decrease from the previous year's proportion of 68 per cent. (5) Civil Proceedings for Recovery of Wages on behalf of Workers Besides prosecuting to secure convictions and fines for breaches of the law the Department is empowered to seek recovery of wages which have not been paid, on behalf of the workers concerned, thus relieving the workers of the burden and expense of ■conducting litigation for themselves. During the year 58 such cases were taken, and judgment for the Department was given in 24 of these. The amount of wages for which judgment was obtained was £616 12s. Id., a considerably greater amount than that of the previous year, in spite of a slight decrease in the number of cases (Table XXI). (6) Requisitions for Improvement Inspectors of the Department effect compliance with the provisions of a number of Acts and regulations by the serving of requisitions. The numbers so served are set •out in Table XXII. They show an increase over the previous year of 17 per cent. (1945-46, 1,151 ; 1946-47, 1,351). A single requisition may contain reference to more than one improvement, a factory-occupier being required, for instance, to provide a lunch-room and a fire-escape in the one requisition. Reference has already been made (Section 3 (6)) to difficulties of supply which hinder the carrying-out of improvements. It will be seen that the Factories Act accounts for most of the improvements required. (7) Arrears of Wages As a result of complaints and inspections the Department is instrumental in securing each year the payment of large sums which represent arrears of wages to workers. The amount of £57,276 16s. lid. paid during the year is analysed in Table XXIII. It is shown to what extent payment is made directly at the instigation of Inspectors and to what extent the money is collected by the Department and paid out to the workers subsequently. Minimum wages stipulated by awards and agreements made under the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act account for the greater part of the arrears. The amount exceeded that paid in 1945-46 (£49,860 18s. lid.) by 13 per cent.
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APPENDIX I.—STATISTICS Table I. —Registered Factories and Factory Workers (including working occupiers) by Districts. (31st January, 1947)
Table II. —Registered Factories and Factory Workers, by Industries (31st January, 1947)
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District. Number of Factories. Number of Persons Employed. Totals. Total employed at 31st March, 1946. Increase. Increase, per Cent. Males. Females. Whangarei 583 2,736 267 3,003 2,443 560 22-9 Auckland 3,260 27,517 11,679 39,196 36,956 2,240 6-1 Hamilton 1,193 6,392 848 7,240 6,470 770 11-9 Tauranga 674 2,735 486 3,221 2,589 632 24-4 Gisborne 466 2,455 265 2,720 2,327 393 16-8 Napier 836 4,621 999 5,620 5,232 388 7-4 New Plymouth .. 818 4,128 583 4,711 4,109 602 14-6 Wanganui 681 3,700 925 4,625 4,029 596 14-8 Palmerston North 857 4,212 939 5,151 4,505 646 14-3 Masterton 372 1,836 263 2,099 1,886 213 11*3 Wellington 2,163 15,432 7,490 22,922 22,190 732 3-3 Nelson 637 2,765 649 3,414 3,228 186 5-8 Greymouth 407 1,694 287 1,981 1,743 238 13*6 Christchurch 2,262 16,792 6,376 23,168 21,417 1,751 8-2 Timaru 505 2,918 596 3,514 3,176 338 10-6 Oam aru 185 1,035 181 1,216 1,116 100 8-9 Dunedin 1,623 9,874 3,963 13,837 13,491 346 2-5 Invercargill 769 4,687 631 5,318 4,845 473 9-7 Totals 18,291 115,529 37,427 152,956 141,752 11,204 7-9
Industry. Number of Factories. Number of Working Occupiers. Number of Employees. Number of Persons employed: (including Working Occupiers). Male. Female. Male. Female. I. Processes relating to food 3,692 2,833 613 25,759 4,579 33,784 II. Manufacturing of drinks, narcotics, and 265 191 13 2,452 861 3,517 stimulants III. Processing of animal products (n.e.i.) .. 378 289 21 2,879 1,061 4,250 IV. Processing of vegetable products (n.e.i.) 127 48 626 157 '831 V. Working in wood 1,503 1,258 8 8,288 168 9,722 VI. Working in paper, printing, &c. 454 321 16 4,915 1,978 7.230 VII. Provision of heat, light, and power .. 143 26 1 1,712 7 1,746 VIII. Processing of stone, clay, glass, &c. .. 697 510 1 5,212 235 5,958 IX. Working in or on metals 4,345 3,772 11 25,468 1,559 30,810 X. Working in or on precious metals 317 318 4 525 59 906 XI. Working in rubber 108 71 1,015 230 1,316 XII. Making of ammunition, &c. 2 96 95 191 XIII. Manufacturing of machines, tools, &c. 176 "i27 3 694 178 1,002 XIV. Processes relating to carriages, vehicles, 326 363 2,545 62 2,970 (X/V« XV. Processes relating to ships, boats, and 68 50 1 987 312 1,350 their equipment XVI. Manufacturing of furniture 950 780 24 4,283 612 5,699 XVII. Processes relating to chemicals and 219 101 5 2,050 960 3,116 by-products XVIII. Working in textiles 146 64 56 2,256 3,002 5,378 XIX. Manufacturing of apparel 2,707 1,446 951 5,277 17,071 24,745 XX. Working in fibrous materials 36 19 580 215 814 XXI. Personal services 640 605 " 19 1,067 1,419 3,110 XXII. Miscellaneous 992 792 38 2,859 822 4,511 Totals 18,291 13,984 1,785 101,545 35,642 152,956
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Table III. —Factories, by Districts and Number of Workers employed (including Working Occupiers) (31st January, 1947)
Table IV. —Factories, by Industries and Number of Workers (including Working Occupiers) employed (31st January, 1947)
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District. Number of Factories employing Number of Workers shown. Totals. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Over 10. Whangarei 126 166 105 45 31 22 18 17 8 10 39 587 Auckland 509 (538 492 301 193 144 127 97 69 56 693 3,319 Hamilton 200 335 213 88 81 56 40 36 18 14 122 1,203 Tauranga 116 177 134 45 58 27 24 11 12 17 47 668 Gisborne 109 110 88 43 32 11 13 15 7 8 30 466 Napier 154 238 155 73 60 34 37 24 14 11 64 864 New Plymouth .. 148 207 148 64 54 38 28 26 18 10 77 818 Wanganui 127 207 104 49 39 24 23 21 6 10 77 687 Palmerston North 194 216 140 67 58 41 28 21 7 5 80 857 Masterton 76 94 66 34 24 12 12 8 5 4 37 372 Wellington 425 417 269 151 132 96 63 52 51 46 461 2,163 Nelson 117 133 136 41 48 41 28 20 13 11 46 634 Greymouth 118 82 57 32 31 18 15 15 8 6 37 419 ■Christchurch 455 418 363 176 152 106 54 67 37 27 404 2,259 Timaru 124 130 102 35 53 20 11 13 16 6 38 548 Oamaru 48 00 27 15 4 5 4 3 2 2 16 186 Dunedin 486 334 221 114 87 53 33 37 19 15 224 1,623 Invercargill 156 175 130 59 43 39 30 20 25 15 86 778 Totals 3,688 4,137 2,950 1,432 1,180 787 588 503 335 273 2,578 18,451
Industry. Number of Factories employing Number of Workers shown Totals. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Over 10. I. Processes relating to food II. Manufacturing of drinks, narcotics, and stimulants III. Processing of animal products (n.e.i.) IV. Processing of vegetable products (n.e.i.) V. Working in wood VI. Working in paper, printing, &c. .. VII. Provision of heat, light, and power VIII. Processing of stone, clay, glass, &c. IX. Working in or on metals X. Working in or on precious metals XI. Working in rubber XII. Making of ammunition, &c. XIII. Manufacturing of machines, tools, &c. XIV. Processes relating to carriages, vehicles, &c. XV. Processes relating to ships, boats, and their equipment XVI. Manufacturing of furniture XVII. Processes relating to chemicals and by-products XVIII. Working in textiles XIX. Manufacturing of apparel XX. Working in fibrous materials XXI. Personal services XXII. Miscellaneous Totals 634 37 80 8 251 46 19 57 726 111 7 45 58 10 260 22 27 877 2 193 218 986 53 79 21 251 64 15 113 999 102 26 41 80 7 195 44 14 564 6 195 282 778 45 44 26 245 57 16 128 721 49 13 26 50 13 145 28 15 251 1 116 183 312 23 16 11 103 30 13 64 381 16 11 17 26 6 71 18 10 195 1 42 66 250 26 31 10 129 32 11 67 317 9 11 6 25 3 55 17 5 100 6 19 51 147 10 11 10 103 21 11 59 193 10 4 9 18 50 14 8 59 1 9 40 90 9 17 8 59 18 9 43 178 5 6 3 9 18 3 4 66 8 8 27 72 6 8 3 78 20 5 35 150 8 3 4 9 2 28 6 3 37 1 2 53 2 10 4 34 24 6 18 77 ' 3 4 7 1 19 3 5 42 4 6 13 33 4 6 49 8 5 17 60 2 4 4 5 7 5 2 47 1 3 6 339 49 82 21 222 140 35 105 569 7 20 2 15 43 29 119 64 54 533 13 45 72 3,694 264 384 127 1,524 460 145 706 4,371 319 108 174 330 71 967 224 147 2,771 44 638 981 3,688 4,137 2,950 1,432 1,180 787 588 503 335 273 2,578 18,451
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Table V. —Factories with more than Ten Workers, by Number of Workers employed (31st January, 1947)
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Number of Employees. Number of Factories. Number of Employees. Number of Factories. Under 20 1,238 120 and under 130 15 20 and under 30 537 130 • « 140 .. 15 30 40 246 140 ?? 160 .. 14 40 „ 50 147 160 ? J 180 .. 11 50 „ 60 69 180 ?? 200 .. 10 60 70 57 200 99 250 .. 22 70 80 44 250 ?? 300 . . 21 80 90 36 300 400 .. 20 90 „ 100 23 400 and above 13 100 „ 110 25 - - 110 „ 120 15 Total 2,578
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Diagram I: Persons Employed in Registered Factories (OTHER THAN WORKING OCCUPIERS)
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Diagram II: Factories Clssified by Number of persons Engaged 31st January 1947
Table VI. —Accidents in Factories, 1946, by Age-groups*
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Number of Accidents. Age-groups. To Males. To Females. Total. Under 16 .. 42 9 51 16 to 20 .. 781 73 854 21 to 24 868 58 926 25 to 34 1,867 55 1,922 35 to 44 1,335 36 1,371 45 to 54 a. 708 21 729 -55 and above 472 6 478 Not stated .. 52 5 57 .Totals 6,125 263 6,388 * These are preliminary figures only.
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Table VII.—Accidents in Factories, 1946, by Cause of Accident*
Table VIII.—Minimum Wage-rates in certain Industries (31st March, 1947)
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Cause. Number of Accidents. 1945. | 1946. Percentage Change. Fixed machinery 970 1,161 + 19-7 Vehicles 60 54 -10-0 Explosions and fires 175 190 + 8-6 Poisonous and corrosive substances 157 170 + 8-3 Electricity 10 12 + 20-0 Falls of persons 507 460 - 9-3 Stepping on or striking against fixed objects 331 319 + 3-6 Falling, or otherwise moving objects 147 168 + 13-6 Falls of earth 2 2 Handling of objects 2,184 2,203 + 0-9 Hand-tools 1,247 1,353 + 8-5 Miscellaneous 353 296 -16-1 Totals 6,143 6,388 + 2-4 * These are preliminary figures only.
Industry. Kate. Weekly Hours. Bacon-workers 2s. lljd. to 3s. 3|d. per hour 40 Bakers £6 6s. 8d. per week 40 Biscuit and confectionery workers — Male £5 5s. to £6 6s. 8d. per week 40 Female £3 3s. per week 40 Boot operatives— Male 3s. per hour 40 Female .. ... £3 10s. per week 40 Bricklayers 3s. 3d. per hour 40 Brick, tile, and pottery workers— Male 2s. 8-|d. to 3s. 0£d. per hour 40 Female £3 5s. per week, Dunedin 40 Butchers (retail shops) £6 2s. lOd. to £7 2s. lOd. per week .. 40 Canister workers— Male 2s. lOJd. to 2s. lid. per hour 40 Female £3 5s. per week 40 Carpenters and joiners 3s. OJd. per hour 40 Cleaners and caretakers — Male £5 to £5 10s. per week 40 Female £3 5s. per week - .. 40 Clerical workers — Male £6 5s. per week 40 Female £3 17s. 6d. per week 40 Clothing-trade employees— Male £6 per week 40 Female £3 10s. per week 40 Coachworkers 3s. OJd. per hour 40 Cheese- and butter-factory employees £5 Is. 8d. to £6 5s. 8d. per week 40 Drivers — (a) Motor .. £5 13s. 8d. to £6 5s. 8d. per week 40 (b) Horse £5 10s. 8d. per week for one horse, 40 £5 13s. 8d. per week for two horses, and 6d. per day or 2s. 6d. per week extra for each horse above two (c) Passenger transport £6 Is. 8d. per week 40
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Table VIII.—Minimum Wage-rates in certain Industries (31st March, 1947) —cont.
These rates are subject to an increase of 5 per cent, and a further increase of 5 per cent, (with a maximum of ss. for adult males and 2s. 6d. for adult females), with the exception of those rates indicated by a section mark (§), which are subject only to the second increase.
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Industry. Rate. Weekly Hours. Electrical workers— Tradesmen 3s. Og-d. per hour 40 Linesmen 3s. Ofd. per hour 40 Engine-drivers, firemen, and greasers — Drivers, 1st Glass Certificate £5 18s. 2d. per week 40 Drivers, 2nd Class Certificate £5 13s. 2d. per week 40 Firemen and greasers £5 8s. 2d. per week 40 Engineering-trade employees 2s. 8d. to 3s. 2£d. per hour 40 Flour-mill employees 2s. 9d. to 3s. Id. per hour 40 Fur-workers — Male £6 7s. 6d. per week 40 Female £3 10s. per week 40 Furniture-trade employees— Male 2s. 8d. to 3s. 0|d. per hour 40 Glove workers — Male £6 to £6 5s. per week 40 Female £3 10s. per week 40 Grocer's assistants £5 17s. lOd. per week 40 Hairdressers — Male £6 13s. per week 40 Female £4 8s. 6d. per week 40 Labourers 2s. 9d. to 3s. OJd. per hour 40 Laundry workers— Male £5 6s. 8d. to £6 16s. 8d. per week 40 Female £3 5s. per week 40 Motor-engineering-trade employees 2s. 8£d. to 3s. 2§d. per hour 40 Painters and decorators 3s. 0§d. per hour 40 Plasterers .. .. . ■ 3s. 3d. per hour 40 Plumbers 3s. 2d. per hour 40 Printing-trade employees— £5 Is. 8d. to £6 6s. 8d. per week 40 Typographical section Printing section £5 Is. 8d. to £5 19s. 2d. per week 40 Rubber-workers — Male £5 to £6 per week 40 Female £3 5s. per week 40 Shop-assistants— Male £6 2s. lOd. per week 40 Female £3 18s. 6d. per week 40 Storemen and packers — Wholesale £5 15s. per week 40 Oil-stores £5 15s. per week 40 Wool, grain, &c., stores £5 15s. per week 40 Fruit and produce £5 15s. per week 40 Timber-yards and sawmills' employees 2s. lid. to 3s. 6Jd. per hour 40 Tobacco-workers — Male £5 15s. per week 40 Female .. £3 2s. 6d. to £3 7s. 6d. per week 40 Tramway employees— §3s. 2£d. per hour 40 Motormen (after first year) Conductors (after first year) §2s. lljd. per hour 40 Conductors (after fifth year) §3s. per hour 40 Motor-bus drivers §3s. 2Jd. per hour 40 Warehouse employees— Male £5 15s. per week 40 Female £3 12s. 6d. per week 40 Woollen-mills' employees — Male 2s. 9d. to 3s. ljd. per hour 40 Female Is. 9d. per hour 40
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Table IX.—Number of Apprenticeship Contracts in Force 1st April, 1947
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Number of Apprentices. Trade. Working at Trade. Serving in Armed Forces. Total. Baking 234 24 258 Boat-building 72 4 76 Boilermaking 67 9 76 Bootmaking 213 22 235 Boot-repairing 83 4 87 Blacksmithing 29 29 Bricklaying 49 i 50 Carpentering 2,331 93 2,424 Clothing 175 - 6 181 Coachbuilding 401 26 427 Coopering 3 3 Cycle-working Dentistry .. .. 50 5 55 Electrical 1,065 84 1,149 Engineering 1,794 99 1,893 Motor engineering 1,856 121 1,977 Furniture 1,103 45 1,148 Furriers 1 1 Gardening 10 i 11 Hairdressing 101 7 108 Hatmaking 6 6 Jewellery 132 9 141 Leadlight 22 22 Masonry 15 3 18 Moulding 76 12 88 Painting 398 18 416 Photo-engraving 66 4 70 Plastering 123 3 126 Plumbing 639 28 667 Printing 762 63 825 Saddlery 38 3 41 Sail and tent making 5 3 8 Tailoring 40 2 42 Tile-laying 2 2 Tinsmithing .. .. 195 12 207 Wicker-working 8 2 10 Total 12,164 713 12,877
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Table X.—Apprenticeship Contracts registered during Year ending 31st March, 1947, by Trades and Districts
46
Trade. Contracts registered.* Auckland. Wellington. Christchurch. Dunedin. Totals. Baking 14 21 24 12 71 Boat-building 13 6 3 22 Boilermaking 3 8 2 5 18 Bootmaking 16 8 10 11 2 37 Boot-repairing 8 5 4 27 Blacksmithing 2 4 2 8 23 Bricklaying " 6 3 5 9 Carpentering 167 193 105 80 545 Clothing 22 30 6 17 75 Coach-building 72 38 25 22 157 Coopering 1 1 2 Cycle-working " 9 *21 Dentistry 7 1 4 Electrical 67 108 44 46 265 Engineering 141 125 66 44 376 Motor engineering 220 170 52 63 505 Furniture 97 87 53 34 271 Furriers Gardening 4 " 9 1 5 Hairdressing "l2 13 1 35 Hatmaking 1 0 3 Jewellery *18 *15 11 19 63 Leadlight 1 4 5 10 Masonry 1 1 1 3 Moulding 9 6 2 5 22 Painting 36 50 18 25 129 Photo-engraving 1 3 1 3 8 35 Plastering 16 3 8 8 Plumbing 45 54 24 15 138 Printing 43 57 30 19 149 14 Saddlery 11 3 Sail and tent making 4 " 6 4 Tailoring 8 4 2 20 Tile-laying 1 13 *12 1 Tinsmithing *18 6 49 Wicker-working 3 3 Totals 1,076 1,038 532 468 3,114 » Note that " Auckland," " Wellington," " Christchurchand " Dunedin " refer to the districts administered by the four Acting District Commissioners of Apprenticeship, and cover the whole Dominion.
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Table XI. —Scaffolding Accidents, by Age-groups*
Table XII.—Scaffolding Accidents, by Cause of Accident*
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Number of Accidents (Calendar Years). Age-groups. 1945. 1946. 16 to 20 9 10 21 to 24 10 25 to 34 27 ie 35 to 44 21 8 45 to 54 16 10 55 and above 16 11 Not stated 1 1 Total 100 56 * These are preliminary figures only.
Number of Accidents (Calendar Years). Cause. i 1945. 1946. Fixed machinery8 5 Poisonous or corrosive substances 1 Fall of persons 24 25 Stepping on or striking against fixed objects 8 4 Falling or otherwise moving objects 5 5 Handling of object 37 9 Hand tools 18 5 Miscellaneous 1 3 Totals 100 56 ♦ These are preliminary figures only.
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Table XIII. —Number of Inspections carried out
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Number of Inspections during Year ended 31st March. Authority. 1946. 1947. • Factories Act, 1921-22 7,338 10,976 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 — Shops 9,569 13,431 Offices 901 1,697 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925, and awards 1,024 1,601 Servants' Registry Offices Act, 1908 4 3 Agricultural Workers' Act, 1936— Dairy-farms 91 54 Farms and stations 96 110 Market gardens 63 20 Orchards 39 10 Tobacco-farms 4 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 (Accommodation) — Dairy-farms 38 39 Farms and stations .. .. 100 156 Market gardens 7 Orchards 10 Sawmills 78 28 Flaxmills .. .. .. .. .. 3 Others 4 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 283 369 Footwear Regulation Act, 1913 — Establishments 121 324 Shipments 69 46 Weights and Measures Act, 1925— Weighing-machines * 3,971 Weights 797 4,202 Measures 36 159 Petrol-pumps .. .. .. 282 758 Bread * 4,444 Coal * 517 Net weight * 11,705 Others 421 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 6,842 8*484 Apprentices Act, 1923 451 892 Occupational Re-establishment Regulations 1940 59 38 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 f 3,275 Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 y 8,105 4 3,673 Others J 2,535 * Included in "Others."
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Table XIV.—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Employers) investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947
Following Complaints. Following Inspections. - Legislation. Cases where no Breach disclosed. Cases resulting in Prosecution. Cases otherwise disposed of. Total. Number of Warnings issued. Cases where no Breach disclosed. Cases resulting in Prosecution. Cases otherwise disposed of. Total. Number of Warnings issued. Agricultural Workers 'Act, 1936 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 Apprentices Act, 1923 Awards and Agreements Factories Act, 1921-22 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925 Minimum "Wage Act, 1945 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 Wages Protection and Contractors' Liens Act, 1939 Weights and Measures Act, 1925 Workers' Compensation Act, 1922 Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations 1942 (wages) Occupational Re-establishment Emergency Regulations 1940 Spray Painting Regulations 1940 .. 112 130 60 1,112 71 39 21 3 70 28 18 19 39 5 13 15 119 8 8 1 10 2 4 258 611 258 3,081 347 175 52 5 216 56 31 21 23 375 754 333 4,312 426 222 73 9 296 86 53 40 62 153 428 205 2,391 307 153 43 5 208 44 23 16 22 1 3 ' 21 6 2 5 4 10 12 ' 14 15 4 52 373 260 1,989 1,420 269 50 198 512 '326 81 235 53 376 264 2,020 1,438 269 52 212 532 '330 81 235 26 337 211 1,755 1,224 218 43 198 481 320 76 215 31 3 62 96 40 2 3 5 2 1 10 11 4 Miscellaneous Bush Workers Act, 1945 Labour Disputes Investigation Act, 1913 Footwear Regulation Act, 1913 Lead Process Regulations 1925 and Accumulator (Lead Process) Regulations 1940 Industrial Man-power Emergency Regulations 1944 Minimum Weekly Wage (Essential Undertakings) Order 1945 Motor-spirit (Retail Hours) Regulations 1946 Oil Fuel Emergency Regulations 1939 Control of Prices Emergency Regulations 1939 .. Sharemilking Agreements Act, 1937 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 Strike and Lockout Emergency Regulations 1939.. Suspension of Apprenticeship Emergency Regulations 1944 " 2 " 1 2 8 2 1 " 2 10 2 1 1 6 2 1 1 5 1 1 5 1 4 1 1 16 4 13 1 1 2 ' 1 2 6 18 16 60 1 3 9 34 20 74 1 1 2 6 15 6 59 1 1 r 1 1 ' 36 1 ' '37 1 ' '36 Totals 1,793 192 5,315 7,300 4,138 39 62 5,819 5,920 5,150
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Table XV.—Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Workers) investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947
50
Following Complaints. Following Inspections. Legislation. Cases where Cases Cases Number of Cases where Cases Cases Number of no Breach resulting in otherwise Total. Warnings no Breach resulting in otherwise Total. Warnings disclosed. Prosecution. disposed of. issued. disclosed. Prosecution. disposed of. issued. Awards and Agreements 13 24 149 186 126 22 22 16 Industrial Conciliation and ArbiIS 151 169 98 i 24 25 17 tration Act, 1925 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 1 12 13 1 1 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 2 2 Apprentices Act, 1923 5 3 8 3 i i 1 Factories Act, 1921-22 1 1 1 , # , , Labour Disputes Investigation Act, 1 1 1 , , 1913 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 ., 1 1 1 •• Totals 34 29 318 381 230 I 48 49 34
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Table XVI. —Alleged Breaches of Legislation (by Employers and Workers) investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947
Table XVII.—Fair Rents Act: Alleged Breaches investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947
Table XVIII.—Economic Stabilization Emergency Regulations (rents): alleged Breaches investigated, Year ended 31st March, 1947
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— Cases where no Breach disclosed. Cases resulting in Prosecution. Cases otherwise disposed of. Total. Number of Warnings issued. Employers— Following complaints Following inspections Workers— Following complaints Following inspections 1,793 39 34 192 62 29 1 5,315 5,819 318 48 7,300 5,920 381 49 4,138 5,150 230 34 Totals, employers Totals, workers 1,832 34 254 30 11,134 366 13,220 430 9,288 264 Totals, complaints Totals, inspections 1,827 39 221 63 5,633 5,867 7,681 5,969 4,368 5,184 Grand totals 1,866 284 11,500 13,650 9,552
— 1945-46. 1946-47. Number where no breach disclosed 122 67 Number resulting in prosecution— Refusing to let 2 Charging of fines, premiums, &c. 2 i Letting or selling within six months 2 Rent in excess of fair rent 4 Q 2 Number resulting in warning — o 271 O 162 Number otherwise dealt with 259 226 Totals 660 460
— 1945-46. 1946-47. v Number where no breach, disclosed Number resulting in prosecution— Charging of fines, premiums, &c. Accepting or demanding rent in excess of basic rent 10 1 11 1 8 — 9 20 65 Number resulting* in warning Number otherwise dealt with 13 39 Totals 63 105
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Table XIX.—Prosecutions taken and Results, Year ended 31st March, 1947
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I oS£t3S.' 0f BtaH-ed. Withdraw.].. (gJSdrf. IoMAmomt Authority. of Finfts . excluding E.* W.* E.* W* E.* W.* E* W.* E.* W* Costs. .4 cts £ s d Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 .. .. .. 5 .. 4 .. .. .. .. . ; 1 .. 6 i 0 Annual Holidays Act, 1944 .. .. .. 13 .. 8 .. 4 .. 1 .. .. .. 10 10 0 Apprentices Act, 1923 .. .. .. .. 19 5 13 5 1 .. 5 . . .. .. 23 10 0 Awards and Agreements .. .. .. .. 129 24 77 16 14 2 30 6 8 223 5 0 Factories Act, 1921-22 .. .. .. .. 20 .. 14 .. 1 .. 5 .. .. ][ 65 10 0 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925 .. 8 1 4 1 2 .. 2 .. .. .. 9100 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1922 .. .. 15 .. 13 .. 2 .... . . .. .. 26 10 0 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 .. .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 200 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 .. .. .. 25 .. 24 . . .. .. 1 . . .. .. 60 0 0 Wages Protections and Contractors' Liens Act, 1939 .. 2 .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 100 Totals— 1946-47 .. .. ..238 30 159 22 25 2 45 6 9 .. 427 16 0 1945-46 .. .. .. 283 , 24 196 13 26 2 34 6 27 3 502 3 0 Regulations Occupational Re-establishment Emergency Regulations 3 1 2 40 10 3 1940 Oil Fuel Emergency Regulations 1939 .. .. 3 .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 60 0 Motor-spirits (Retail Hours) Regulations 1946 .. 1 .. . . . . 1 Spray Painting Regulations 1940 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 500 Totals —'1946-47 .. .. .. 8 .. 4 .. 4 .. .. .. .. . . 51 10 3 1945-46 .. .. .. 23 1 19 1 2 .. 2 .. .. .. 63 0 0 Grand totals —1946-47 .. .. .. 246 30 163 22 29 2 45 6 9 .. 479 6 3 1945-46 .. .. 306 25 215 14 28 2 36 6 27 3 565 3 0 * E == taken against employer ; *W = taken against worker,
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Table XX.—Prosecutions taken under the Weights and Measures Act, 1925, Year ended 31st March, 1947
Table XXI.—Civil Proceedings for Recovery of Wages on behalf of Workers, Year ended 31st March, 1947
53
Provision of Act. Convictions. Dismissals. Withdrawals. Otherwise disposed of. Total. Total Amount of Fines, excluding Costs. Unjust or unstamped appliances Provisions relating to net weight, to packaging, to coal, firewood, &c. Bread provisions Other 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 £ s. d. 5 0 6 10 0 0 5 10 0 10 0 Totals—1946-47 7 1 8 21 10 0 1945-46 9 2 2 1 14 36 0 0
Authority. Number of Cases. Judgment for Plaintiff. Judgment for Defendant or otherwise disposed of. Total Amount for which Judgment obtained, excluding Costs, Awards and Agreements Annual Holidays Act, 1944 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 Apprentices Act, 1923 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925 44 4 1 1 8 16 ■ 2 1 1 4 28 2 4 £ s. d. 367 19 9* 4 2 9 30 0 0 32 10 2 181 19 5 Totals—1946-47 58 24 34 616 12 1 1945-46 61 26 i 35 469 19 11 * Includes an amount of £173 Is. Id. paid into the Department prior to proceedings feeing withdrawn.
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Table XXII. —Number of Requisitions for Improvements served, Year ended 31st March, 1947*
Table XXIII.—Arrears of Wages paid at Instigation of Department, Year ended 31st March, 1947
54
Authority. 1946. 1947. Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 68 53 Awards and Industrial Agreements 74 75 Bush Workers Act, 1945 1 Factories Act, 1921-22 671 881 Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act, 1925 98 148 Lead Process Regulations 1925 4 Shearers' Accommodation Act, 1919 141 98 Scaffolding and Excavation Act, 1923 2 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 95 79 Spray Painting Regulations 1940 4 10 Totals 1,151 1,351 * Note. —Many of these requisitions reduired improvement in two or more ways, and the number of " improvements " ■effected is in excess of the number shown.
— Paid through Department. Paid directly to Workers. Totals. Awards and Agreements Factories Act, 1921-22 Shops and Offices Act, 1921-22 Agricultural Workers Act, 1936 Miscellaneous Totals £ s. d. 17,640 18 4 30 13 8 342 11 6 1,433 9 8 4,414 5 6 £ s. d. 26,760 4 7 244 16 10 399 1 7 738 9 0 5,272 6 3 £ s. d. 44,401 2 11 275 10 6 741 13 1 2,171 18 8 9,686 11 9 23,861 18 8 33,414 18 3 57,276 16 11 Total under all heads for year ending 31st March, 1946, £49,860 18s. lid.
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APPENDIX lI.—EXPENDITURE DURING THE YEAR Salaries and allowances (including salaries of nominated members, Court of Arbitration), temporary assistance, and agents' remune- £ ration .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 106,593 Fees, travelling-expenses, &c., in connection with work of Conciliation Councils and the Court of Arbitration, Compensation Court, Industrial Emergency Council, and Emergency Disputes Committee .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,708 Building Committees, National and Local: expenses in connection therewith .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Printing, stationery, office requisites and equipment, rent, cleaning, heating, and lighting of offices, advertising, postage, telegrams, telephones, &c. .. .. .. .. .. . * 18,758 Travelling-expenses, &c., of Inspectors, including cost of bicycles, motor-vehicles, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 8,552 Immigration passage-money due to Imperial and other Governments 30 Law-costs incurred in Court cases conducted by Inspectors .. 224 Grant to Hon. Justice O'Regan on his retirement .. .. 1,500 Grant to Waterfront Control Commission towards salaries and administration expenses, including office furniture, printing, rent, travelling-expenses, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 3,925 Grant to Waterfront Industry Commission towards salaries, fees, and administration expenses .. .. .. .. .. 8,325 Weights and measures equipment .. .. .. .. 269 Timber-workers, West Coast: payment for wet time .. .. 316 International Labour Conference, Paris : travelling and other expenses of delegates .. .. .. .. .. 7,827 Miscellaneous expenditure .. .. .. .. .. 34 171,080 Auxiliary Workers' Training Scheme : final debits, &c. .. .. 809 Cargo Control Committee expenses .. .. .. .. 9,905 Extended hours on the waterfront, cost of .. .. ..42,676 Transfer of waterside workers .. .. .. .. .. 45§ 53,849 224,929 Less recoveries—• Salaries .\ .. .. .. .. .. 1,772 Fees, &c., Conciliation Councils .. .. .. .. 231 Printing, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 Inspector's travelling-costs .. .. .. .. 17 International Labour Conference expenses .. .. 15 2,047 £222,882 The above figures do not include items provided elsewhere than in the Labour Department's vote —e.g., salaries of Judges of Court of Arbitration.
55
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Recoveries formerly credited to credits-in-aid, vote, " Department of Labour," are now accounted for as " Departmental Receipts, General," and liave also been excluded from the above. For comparative purposes details of credits under the heading " Departmental Receipts, General " are as follows : £ Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 628 Law-costs .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 Sales publications .. .. .. .. .. 272 Fees, &c., Conciliation Councils .. .. .. 1 Printing, &c. .. .. .. . • .. .. 99 Inspectors' travelling-costs .. .. .. .. 25 Services to other Departments .. -.. .. .. 90 International Labour Conference expenses .. .. 183 Cargo Control Committees expenses .. .. .. 10,027 11,361 Penalties .. .. .. .. .. .. 216 Servants' Registry Office fees .. .. .. .. 6 Recovery, passage-money, migrant artisans .. .. 191 Sale of stores, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 23 £11,797
56
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APPENDIX 111 RETURN PURSUANT TO SECTION 17 OF THE INDUSTRIAL CONCILIATION AND ARBITRATION ACT, 1925, SHOWING THE NUMBER OF AFFILIATED UNIONS IN EACH INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION AND THE NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN EACH INDUSTRIAL UNION REGISTERED UNDER THE ACT TO 31st DECEMBER, 1946 (As a matter of convenience, registrations, cancellations, and changes of name subsequent to 31st December, 1946, and up to and including 30th June, 1947, have also been shown.)
INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF EMPLOYERS
57
Reg. No. Name. Number of Affiliated Unions, December, 1946. 1727 New Zealand Bacon Curers 4 1732 New Zealand Master Bakers and Pastrycooks .. .. .. 10 526 New Zealand Federated Builders and Contractors 18 1672 New Zealand Master Butchers 15 1655 New Zealand Master Carriers and Customhouse Agents 4 1869 New Zealand Dairy Factoiies 5 1886 New Zealand Fibrous Plaster Manufacturers 3 1593 New Zealand Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Allied Products Manufacturing .. 3 1845 New Zealand Furniture and Furnishing Trades 4 1253 New Zealand Federated Ironmasters 4 1623 New Zealand United Licensed Victuallers 22 1041 New Zealand Motor-body Builders 5 1043 New Zealand Federated Newspaper-proprietors 4 1260 New Zealand Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners 3 1314 New Zealand Federated Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 5 893 New Zealand Federation of Master Plumbers 9 724 New Zealand Master Printers 8 1809 New Zealand Private-hotel Keepers 4 1844 New Zealand Soap Manufacturers 4 1731 New Zealand Tanners 3 1868 New Zealand Theatre-proprietors 3 *1333 New Zealand Theatrical Proprietors and Managers 1248 New Zealand Waterside Employers' Association 10 Totals : Number of associations as at 31st December, 1946, 23 150 * Defunct; in process of cancellation.
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INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF WORKERS
58
Number of Reg. No. Affiliated Name. Unions, December, 1946. 1318 New Zealand Federated Biscuit and Confectionery and Related Trades .. 5 561 New Zealand Federated Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship and Bridge Builders .. 3 1791 New Zealand Federated Brush and Broom Trade Employees 4 1949 New Zealand Federated Building Trade .. .. .. .. 5 1884 New Zealand Federated Caretakers, Cleaners, Lift Attendants, and Watchmen's .. 4 1796 New Zealand Federated Clerical and Office Staff Employees 7 124 New Zealand Federated Clothing Trade Employees 4 473 New Zealand Federated Coach and Motor-body Builders and Related Trades 2 1225 Federated Cooks and Stewards of New Zealand 2 1948 New Zealand Federated Dental Technicians and Assistants 4 *1978 North Island Federated Fertilizer Workers 1748 New Zealand Federated Fire Brigades Employees 4 1522 New Zealand Federated Flourmill Employees 6 53 New Zealand Federated Footwear Trade 5 1706 New Zealand Freezing Works and Related Trades 5 772 New Zealand Federated Furniture and Related Trade 6 1968 North Island Gold-mines' Employees Federation 5 1916 South Island Gold Dredge and Alluvial Gold Mines Employees 3 1963 North Island Federated Herd Testers 3 729 New Zealand Federated Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades Employees 9 1831 New Zealand Federated Jewellers, Watchmakers, and Related Trades 3 866 New Zealand Journalists 7 1315 New Zealand Federated Labourers and Related Trades 7 1-1897 New Zealand Federated Milk Roundsmen's 1453 New Zealand Federated Motion Picture Projectionists 4 275 New Zealand Federated Moulders 4 567 New Zealand Federated Painters and Decorators 14 1767 New Zealand Federated Paint and Varnish Manufacturing Employees 3 824 New Zealand Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 12 1779 New Zealand Federated Saddlers, Canvas-workers, Riggers, and Related Trades .. 4 1306 Federated Seamen's Union of New Zealand 3 1218 New Zealand Federated Shop-assistants 17 1238 New Zealand Federated Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Warehouse Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 8 869 New Zealand Federated Theatrical and Places of Amusement Employees 3 1419 Grey Valley and Buller Underviewers and Deputies 2 912 New Zealand Federated Woollen-mills and Hosiery-factories Employees 4 Totals: Number of associations as at 31st December, 1946, 35 181 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1946. t Cancelled (defunct) subsequent to 31st December, 1946.
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS
59
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. BACON-CURERS 1675 Auckland Bacon-curers 11 1629 Wellington Industrial District Bacon-curers.. 9 1741 Canterbury Bacon-curers 7 1645 Otago and Southland Bacon-curers 12 BAKERS 330 Auckland Master Bakers and Pastrycooks 2681756 Taranaki Master Bakers and Pastrycooks 38> 106 Wellington Master Bakers 71 1647 Wanganui Master Bakers, Pastrycooks, and Related Trades 24 1762 Manawatu, Southern Hawke's Bay, and Wairarapa Master Bakers 64 1659 Nelson Master Bakers and Pastrycooks 23 1959 Westland Master Bakers .. 19 297 Canterbury Master Bakers 111 1736 Christchurch Cake Bakery and Cake Kitchen 12 189 Otago Master Bakers 102 1894 Southland Master Bakers and Pastrycooks 3ft BOOKSELLERS 1559 Wellington Retail Booksellers and News-agents 11 1579 Wanganui Retail Booksellers and News-agents .. - .. .. 8 1631 Palmerston North Retail Booksellers and News-agents 13 1688 Hawke's Bay Retail Booksellers, Stationers, and News-agents 19 1578 Invercargill Retail Booksellers and News-agents 6 BOOT-MANUFACTURERS - 6 I New Zealand Boot Manufacturers' Association | 66 BRICK, PIPE, AND CLAY PRODUCTS 1649 1 North Island Brick, Clay Products, and Concrete-pipe Manufacturers .. .. 1 6. BRICKLAYING CONTRACTORS 1934 1 Otago Bricklaying Contractors' .. •. .. .. .. .. I 15 BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS 164 Auckland Master Builders .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 250370 Gisborne Builders and Contractors.. .. .. .. .. 30 1443 Waikato Master Builders 78 1438 Rotorua and Bay of Plenty Master Builders 19' 1974 Western Bay of Plenty Master Builders .. .. 20 1927 Taumarunui Master Builders .. 9 204 Taranaki Master Builders 63; 1390 Hawke's Bay Builders and Contractors 6a 1385 Wairarapa Master Builders .. .. .. 3 T
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
60
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS—continued 1343 Manawatu Master Builders and Contractors 54 418 Wanganui Builders and Contractors 42 101 Wellington Builders, Joiners, and Contractors 154 1739 Nelson Master Builders 53 1917 Marlborough Builders and Contractors 16 113 Builders and Contractors Association of Canterbury .. .. .. 147 1320 South Canterbury Builders and Contractors.. .. - 29 337 Dunedin Builders and Contractors 79 406 Southland Builders and Contractors 53 BUTCHERS 1947 North Auckland Master Butchers 31 464 Auckland Provincial Master Butchers 137 1956 Auckland Butchers (Multiple Shops) 3 838 Poverty Bay Master Butchers 19 1281 South Auckland Master Butchers 141 1562 Taranaki Master Butchers 51 1451 Manawatu Master Butchers 42 1448 Wanganui Master Butchers .. .. 30 1437 Wellington Master Butchers 96 1666 Wairarapa Master Butchers 18 1870 Nelson Master Butchers 10 1853 Westland Master Butchers 32 430 Canterbury Butchers 100 1926 South Canterbury Master Butchers 26 891 Dunedin and Suburban Master Butchers 55 1280 Dunedin and Suburban Pork-butchers 5 560 Invercargill and Suburban Master Butchers 41 CANISTER MAKERS 1885 1 New Zealand Canister Makers 3 CARDBOARD-BOX MAKERS 1687 1 North Island Cardboard Box, Carton, and Paper-bag Makers 1 8 CARRIERS 348 Auckland and Suburban General Carriers and Coal-merchants ... 60 15<?1 Waipa Master Carriers 27 1790 Gishorne Carriers 10 1118 Wellington General Carriers and Customhouse and Forwarding Agents 60 324 Canterbury Employers of Drivers 56 1472 Otago Carriers and Customs Agents 44 CHARTERED CLUBS 1909 1 New Zealand Chartered Clubs 1 52
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
61
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. CLOTHING TRADES 122 Auckland Master Tailors .. .. .. .. .. 41 447 Taranaki Master Tailors .. .. .. 12 815 Wellington Clothing-manufacturers 12 1197 Wellington Soft-goods Manufacturers 19 1840 Wellington Industrial District Furriers 8 831 Christchurch Clothing-manufacturers 25 125 Christchurch Master Tailors 20 313 Dunedin Master Tailors 12 COACHBUILDERS 504 Auckland Motor-body Builders 31 1027 South Auckland District Coachbuilders, Blacksmiths, and Farriers 25 1054 Wellington Coach and Motor-vehicle Trades 16 298 Canterbury Motor-body and Carriage Builders 15 1789 Dunedin Coach and Motor-body Builders 12 COAL-MERCHANTS. (See also Carriers) 1582 Wellington Coal Merchants and Dealers .. .. .. .. 41 1550 Dunedin and Suburban Coal-merchants .. .. . .. .. | 51 CONCRETE-GOODS MANUFACTURERS. (See also Brick, &c'., Products) 1855 North Island Concrete Products and Pumice Goods (except concrete pipes) 12 Manufacturers 1859 North Canterbury Concrete and Pumice Products (except concrete pipes) 7 Manufacturers CONFECTIONERS 1482 | Wellington District Manufacturing Confectioners .. .. .. 1 7 COUNTY COUNCILS 1772 | New Zealand County Councils .. .. .. .. .. 1 123 DAIRY FACTORIES 1857 Auckland Dairy Factories 42 605 Taranaki Dairying and Farming 56 1356 Wellington Dairy Factories 75 1961 Canterbury, Malborough, Nelson, and Westland Dairy Factories 29 i919 Otago and Southland Dairy Factories .. .. .. 45 DAIRYMEN 1747 j Christchurch Dairymen's .. .. .. .. .. .. | 118 DENTAL EMPLOYERS 1568 | Wellington District Dental Employers .. .. .. .. .. | 58
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
62
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. DRAINLAYERS *1982 I Wellington (30 miles radius) Drainlayers 1 •• DRAPERS, MILLINERS, MERCERS, AND CLOTHIERS (RETAILERS) 1921 New Zealand Drapers, Clothiers, Mercers, Milliners, and Boot Retailers.. | 2,200 ELECTRICAL TRADE 1689 New Zealand Electric-power Boards and Supply Authorities 51 1577 Wellington Electrical Contractors 63 1580 Wellington Wholesale Electrical Traders 14 1769 Wellington Storage-battery Manufacturers .. 4 1702 Canterbury Electrical Contractors 60 1633 Otago Electrical Traders .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 1634 Otago Electrical Contractors .. .. .. .. .. 30 ELECTROPLATERS 1615 Wellington District Electroplaters 1 5 ENGINEERS AND IRON AND BRASS FOUNDERS 1252 Auckland Ironmasters 52 1019 Jas. J. Niven and Co. (Ltd.) .. .. .. .. .. 1 1105 Wellington Engineers, Metal-workers, and Iron and Brass Founders 52 1247 k Christchurch Engineers, Metal-workers, and Iron and Brass Founders 28 1087 Dunedin Engineers, Metal-workers, and Iron and Brass Founders 29 FARMERS 1685 New Zealand Agricultural and Related Farmers 95 1684 New Zealand Dairy-farmers 99 1704 New Zealand Fruitgrowers 407 1590 New Zealand Commercial Gardeners 1,233 1673 New Zealand Sheepowners 1,133 1621 Nelson District Hopgrowers 10 FIRE BOARDS 1867 | New Zealand Fire Boards .. .. .. .. .. .. | 58 FLORISTS 1798 | Wellington Industrial District Florists .. .. .. .. .. | 14 FOODSTUFFS 1584 Wellington District Drug, Chemical, Condiment, Patent Food, and Medicine 33 Manufacturers 1875 Canterbury Sauce, Pickle, Preserved Food, and Starch Manufacturers 5 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1946.
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
63
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. FREEZING COMPANIES 741 Auckland Farmers' Freezing Co., Ltd. .. .. .. .. I 1 FROZEN PRODUCTS 1514 New Zealand Frozen Products Manufacturers .. .. .. 1 11 FURNITURE AND FURNISHING TRADE 911 Auckland Furniture and Furnishing 33 1022 Wellington Furniture and Furnishing Trade 52 1770 Wellington Flock, Felt, and Spring Manufacturers 5 141 Christchurch Furniture Makers 10 1878 Otago Furniture and Furnishing Trades 8 GAS-METER MANUFACTURERS 1698 Wellington Gas Meter Manufacturers .. .. .. .. 1 3 GASWORKS 1954 New Zealand Gasworks I 36 GATE, FENCE, AND WIRE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS 1744 | Wellington District Gate, Fence, and Wire Products Manufacturers 1 6 GLASS, OIL, COLOUR, PAINT, AND WALLPAPER 1620 1 Wellington Glass, Oil, Colour, Paint, and Wallpaper Merchants .. 1 25 1966 1 Otago Glass Bevelling, Silvering, and Leadlight Manufacturers .. 4 GROCERS 1566 Auckland Chain Grocery Stores 8 1713 Auckland Master Grocers 1,004 1690 Gisborne Master Grocers 69 1229 Taranaki Provincial Retail Grocers 161 1421 Wellington Chain Grocery Stores 6 1123 Wellington Grocers 220 1589 Nelson District Master Grocers 82 1422 Canterbury Chain Grocery Stores .... 3 1368 Canterbury Master Grocers 18 302 Otago Grocers 320 664 Southland Grocers 175 HAIRDRESSERS AND TOBACCONISTS 1876 Auckland Ladies' Hairdressing and Beauty Salon Proprietors 9 1581 Wellington Ladies' Hairdressing Salon Proprietors 23 1860 Wellington Tobacconists and Hairdressers 82 1069 Christchurch Hairdressers and Tobacconists 118 1724 North Canterbury Ladies' Hairdressers 24 1881 South Canterbury Hairdressers and Tobacconists 23
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
64
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December,. 1946. HARBOUR BOARDS 1725 New Zealand Harbour Boards I 21. HARDWARE-MERCHANTS 1426 Briscoe, E. W. Mills, and Co., Ltd. 1 I HAT-MANUFACTURERS 1497 Wellington District Hat-manufacturers and Milliners.. .. .. .. | 4 HOSPITAL BOARDS 1883 New Zealand Hospital Boards .. .. .. .. .. 1 41. HOTELKEEPERS (LICENSED) 736 Auckland Licensed Victuallers* Association 2101599 Poverty Bay Licensed Victuallers 28516 Taranaki Licensed Victuallers 11 1610 Egmont Licensed Victuallers 17 1611 Patea Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. .. 17 1612 Stratford Licensed Victuallers 14 1607 Hawke's Bay Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. 42 1597 Wellington Licensed Victuallers .. . . .. .. .. 72 1601 Wairarapa Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. .. j 22' 1602 Palnxerston North Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. 13 1604 Manawatu Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. .. 6 1605 Rangitikei Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. .. 101606 Wanganui Licensed Victuallers 14 1553 Marlborough Licensed Hotelkeepers 7 1583 Nelson Licensed Victuallers 30 1600 Westport Licensed Victuallers 15 1815 Greymouth Licensed Victuallers 40 459 Canterbury Licensed Victuallers 130 1598 Waitaki Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. .. .. j 6 1614 Timaru Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. .. 22 1608 Dunedin Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. .. 95 1749 Southland Licensed Victuallers .. .. .. .. .. .. j 54 HOTELKEEPERS (PRIVATE) 1496 Wellington Private-hotel Keepers .. .. .. .. .. 17 1825 Hawke's Bay Private-hotel and Boardinghouse Keepers .. .. 3 1742 Canterbury Private-hotel Proprietors .. .. .. .. 8 1745 Otago Private-hotel Keepers .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 3 JAM-MANUFACTURERS 1505 Thompson and Hills, Ltd. 1 1504 S. Kirkpatrick and Co., Ltd. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1564 Dunedin Canning Co., Ltd. 1 1 JEWELLERS 1569 1 Wellington District Manufacturing Jewellers, Die-sinkers, Silversmiths, Engravers, 9 and Watchmakers
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
3—H 11
65
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. LAUNDRYMEN 1508 Auckland Laundrymen, Dyers, and Dry Cleaners 17 1473 Wellington District Laundrymen, Dyers, and Dry Cleaners 18 1735 South Island Laundrymen, Dry Cleaners, and Dyers 14 LIME-MANUFACTURERS 1842 Wellington District Lime-manufacturers .. .. ,. .. 1 5 MILLERS. (See also Threshing-mill owners and Sawmillers) 1737 New Zealand Flour, Oatmeal, and Pearl-barley Millers | 38 MINE-OWNERS (COAL AND GOLD} 163 Taupiri Coal-mines, Ltd. 1 318 Otago and Southland Gold-mining 4 88 Westport Coal Co., Ltd. 1 MOTOR TRADE 1802 New Zealand Motor Trade .. .. .. .. .. 48 NURSERYMEN AND LANDSCAPE GARDENERS 1257 Auckland Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners .. .. .. 41 1255 Wellington Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners 44 1254 Otago and Southland Nurserymen and Landscape Gardeners 7 OPTICIANS 1537 | Wellington Industrial District Opticians 1 13 PAINTERS AND DECORATORS 472 Auckland Guild of Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 298 *1983 Hawke's Bay Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 131 Wellington Master Painters, Decorators, and Signwriters 130 1677 Wanganui Master Painters and Decorators 25 1321 Christchurch Master Painters, Signwriters, and Decorators 59 343 Otago Painters 35 PAINT AND VARNISH MANUFACTURERS 1481 I Wellington District Paint, Varnish, and Allied Products Manufacturers 1 12 PHOTO ENGRAVERS 1967 | Wellington Photo-engravers 1 6 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1946.
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
66
Keg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. PLASTERERS 1778 Auckland District Plasterers and Fibrous Plasterers 48 1733 Wellington Industrial District Plasterers and Fibrous Plasterers 35 1383 Canterbury Master Plasterers 17 1866 Otago and Southland Fibrous Plasterers 4 PLUMBERS 571 Auckland Master Plumbers .. 147 142 Thomas Ballinger and Co., Ltd. 1 1274 Wanganui District Master Plumbers 18 *1977 Manawatu-Wairarapa Master Plumbers 1969 Hutt Valley Master Plumbers 18 886 Wellington Master Plumbers 64 1925 Westland Master Plumbers 10 894 Christchurch Master Plumbers 42 1557 Timaru Master Plumbers 12 867 Dunedin Plumbers .. .. 26 875 Invercargill Plumbers 18 PRINTERS AND NEWSPAPER-PROPRIETORS 539 Auckland Master Printers and Allied Trades 73 1070 Auckland Provincial Newspaper-proprietors 15 1776 Auckland Stationery Manufacturers 4 979 Gisborne Master Printers and Bookbinders 3 861 Taranaki Master Printers, Lithographers, and Bookbinders 8 1361 Wairarapa Master Printers and Allied Trades 6 644 Wellington Master Printers, Lithographers, and Bookbinders 26 948 Wellington Newspaper-proprietors 11 1800 Wellington Stationery Manufacturers 6 694 Canterbury Master Printers 29 914 Canterbury Newspaper-proprietors 4 1072 Timaru Master Printers and Bookbinders 6 519 Whitcombe and Tombs, Ltd. 1 936 Otago and Southland Newspaper-proprietors 6 325 Otago Master Printers, Lithographers, and Bookbinders 33 RABBIT BOARDS 1833 | New Zealand Rabbit Boards | 70 RADIO MANUFACTURERS AND TRADERS 1804 Auckland Provincial Radio Traders 82 1643 Wellington Radio Traders 33 1786 Wellington Radio Manufacturers 7 1808 Canterbury, Marlborough, Nelson, and Westland Radio Traders 52 RESTAURANT-PROPRIETORS 1491 Wellington Tea-rooms, Restaurant, and Refreshment-room Proprietors | 80 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1946.
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS—continued
67
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. RETAILERS ♦1980 Auckland Fruit and Vegetable Retailers 1912 Wellington United Retailers (other than Booksellers, Butchers, Florists, Grocers, '*40 Hairdressers, Opticians, Tobacconists, Tea-room, and Restaurant Proprietors, or Retailers of Drapery, Clothing, Boots and Shoes, Furniture, Radios, and Wood and Coal) SADDLERY, HARNESS, AND LEATHER GOODS MANUFACTURERS 1780 Auckland Saddle, Bridle, Harness, Collar, and Bag Manufacturers 5 1549 Wellington Industrial District Saddlers, Harness-makers, Bridle-makers, Collar12 makers, Leather, and Fibre-bag Makers SAIL, TENT, AND CANVAS GOODS 1498 Wellington District Sail, Tent, and Canvas Goods Manufacturers' Society 9 SAWMILLERS 1880 New Zealand Timber Industry 400 148 Auckland Sawmillers and Woodware Manufacturers 22 305 Canterbury Sawmillers 23 SHIPOWNERS 342 Devonport Steam Ferry Co., Ltd. 1 326 Northern Steamship Co., Ltd. 1 137 Union Steam Ship Co. of New Zealand, Ltd. 1 SOAP-MANUFACTURERS 1625 Auckland Soap-manufacturers 3 1816 Wellington Industrial District Soap-manufacturers 4 1843 Canterbury Soap-manufacturers 3 1841 McLeod Bros., Ltd. 1 TANNERS AND FELLMONGERS 1509 Auckland Tanners 4 1714 Christchurch Tanners 3 1715 Otago and Southland Tanners 3 TAXI-PROPRIETORS 1970 1 Northern, Taranaki, and Wellington Taxi-proprietors 1 12 1952 | Canterbury and Otago and Southland Taxi-proprietors 1 7 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1946
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF EMPLOYERS —continued
68
Number of Keg. Name. Members, No. December, 1946. THEATRE-PROPRIETORS 1852 Auckland Theatre and Motion Picture Theatre Proprietors 8 1858 Wellington Industrial District Theatre Proprietors 6 *1331 J. C. Williamson (New Zealand), Ltd. 1411 J. 0. Williamson Picture Corporation, Ltd. 1 1854 Canterbury Motion Picture Theatre and Places of Amusement Owners 13 THRESHING-MILL OWNERS 1902 North Island Threshing Mill and Agricultural Contractors 32 1396 North Canterbury American Type Threshing-mill and Header Harvester Owners .. 16 379 South Canterbury Threshing-mill Owners .. .. .. .. 12 WATERSIDE EMPLOYERS 1241 Auckland Waterside Employers' Union 15 1276 New Plymouth Waterside Employers' Union 8 1245 Wanganui Waterside Employers' Union 9 1239 Wellington Waterside Employers' Union 14 1279 Picton Waterside Employers' Union 4 1283 Nelson Waterside Employers' Union .. .. 6 1277 Greymouth Waterside Employers' Union 4 1244 Lyttelton Waterside Employers' Union 14 1240 Timaru Waterside Employers' Union 11 1242 Otago and Southland Waterside Employers' Union 11 WICKERWORK 1707 1 Wellington District Wickerwork (other than Furniture) and Perambulator 5 | Manufacturers WOOLSCOURERS 1665 Wellington Woolscourers 7 1740 Canterbury Woolscourers 8 Totals: Number of Unions as at 31st December, 1946, 275 16,033 * Defunct; in process of cancellation
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS
69
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. AIRCRAFT WORKERS. (See Engineers and Allied Workers) ARCHITECTS AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS *1523 1635 Wellington Architectural Assistants Christchurch Architects and Structural Engineers' Assistants ASBESTOS WORKERS 26 1892 Auckland Asbestos Workers ASSURANCE WORKERS. (See Clerical Workers) BAKERS AND PASTRYCOOKS | 200 1882 New Zealand Baking Trades Employees BISCUIT AND CONFECTIONERY EMPLOYEES | 1,931 1313 1452 1439 1345 1142 Auckland Biscuit and Confectionery and Related Products Employees Wellington Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees Nelson Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees Christchurch Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees Otago and Southland Biscuit and Confectionery Manufacturing and Related Trades Employees BOOTMAKERS AND REPAIRERS 600 225 50 228 466 59 14 1964 35 45 Auckland Operative Bootmakers Society Wellington Operative Bootmakers' Society .. .. .. .. Greymouth Footwear Operatives Christchurch Footwear Operatives .. .. Dunedin Operative Bootmakers BREWERS AND AERATED WATER EMPLOYEES 1,301 498 12 1,025 269 1874 873 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Brewers, Bottlers, Bottle-washers, and Aerated-water Employees Otago and Southland Brewery, Bottling Houses, and Aerated Waters BRICK, TILE, AND POTTERY WORKERS 1,133 258 340 1 1186 1 Auckland Brick, Tile, Pottery, Clay, and Concrete-ware Employees .. .. 1 Otago and Southland Brick, Tile, Pottery, and Concrete Goods Makers .. | BRICKLAYERS 485 127 1945 | 576 | New Zealand (except Northern Industrial District) Bricklayers and Related Trades | Auckland Bricklayers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. | 182 100 * Defunct; in process ef cancellation.
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS—continued
70
Reg. No, Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. BRUSH AND BROOM WORKERS 1693 Auckland Brush, Broom, and Mop Trade 53 1879 Wellington Brush and Broom Workers 7 1064 Christohurch Brush and Broom Trade 142 1080 Dunedin Brush and Broom Trade 55 CARBONISATION WORKERS 1626 Waikato Carbonisation, Ltd., Employees . . .. .. .. .. ] 43 CARPENTERS AND JOINERS 1940 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Carpenters and Joiners and Joiners' 7,989 Machinists 804 Masterton Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners and 100 Joiners' Machinists 792 Invercargill Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners and 450 Joiners' Machinists 1293 Oamaru Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners 65 78 Otago Branch of the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners and Joiners' 804 Machinists CHEMICAL MANURE AND ACID WORKERS. (Also included in Freezing Workers) 1335 1 New Plymouth Chemical Fertilizer Workers | 104 1446 1 Wanganui Chemical Fertilizer and Acid Workers 1 97 CLEANERS, CARETAKERS, AND LIFT-ATTENDANTS 1125 Auckland Cleaners, Caretakers, Lift-attendants, and Watchmen's 340 1787 Taranaki Cleaners, Caretakers, and Lift-attendants .22 1488 Wellington Caretakers, Cleaners, and Lift-attendants 347 1515 Christchurch Cleaners, Caretakers, and Lift-attendants 145 1781 Dunedin Liftmen, Cleaners, and Caretakers 76 CLERICAL WORKERS. (See also Tally Clerks, &c., and Sugar Workers) 1950 New Zealand Life Assurance Agents, Canvassers, and Collectors 682 1528 New Zealand General Insurance 1,639 1653 New Zealand Bank Officials 1,610 1526 New Zealand Shipping Officers 684 1636 New Zealand Freezing and Related Trades' Industries Clerical Officers 815 1676 Auckland Legal Employees 659 1489 Auckland Clerical and Office Staff Employees 5,524 1651 Auckland Public Accountants' Employees 179 1760 Auckland Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 477 1846 Auckland Provincial Dairy Companies' Secretaries 38 1864 Wellington, Taranaki, and Marlborough Clerical Workers 2,554 1928 New Plymouth Public Accountants' Employees 30 1571 Taranaki Legal Employees .. .. 35 1765 Taranaki Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 149 1850 Hawke's Bay and Wairarapa Public Accountants' Employees 129
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Keg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. CLERICAL WORKERS. (See also Tally Clerks, &c., and Sugar Workers) —continued 1507 Wellington Legal Employees 413 1637 Wellington Public Accountants' Employees 315 1759 Wellington Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 492 1764 Marlborough Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 49 1552 Nelson Law Practitioners' Employees 32 1573 Nelson Clerical Employees 160 1766 Nelson Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 22 1835 Nelson Public Accountants' Employees 16 1585 Greymouth Law Practitioners' Employees 33 1792 Greymoutb Clerical and Office Staff Employees 178 1139 Canterbury Clerks, Cashiers, and Office Employees 2,853 1594 Canterbury Law Practitioners' Employees 355 1650 Christchurch Accountants' and Sharebrokers' Employees 393 1763 Canterbury Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 301 1512 Dunedin Law'Practitioners' Employees 137 1541 Invercargill Clerks and Office Assistants 404 1536 Invercargill Legal Employees 89 1527 Otago.-Clerical Workers 1,254 1708 Otago and Southland Public Accountants' Employees 122 1758 Otago and Southland Stock and Station Agents' Clerical Workers 291 1826 Otago and Southland Part-time and Eull-time Dairy-factory Secretaries 21 CLOTHING-TRADE EMPLOYEES 720 Auckland Cutters, Trimmers, Pressers, and other Clothing Employees 450 73 Auckland Tailoresses and other Female Clothing and Related Trades Employees 4,680 67 Auckland Tailors 70 1915 Wellington and Taranaki Clothing and Related Trades 4,131 1801 Canterbury, Westland, Nelson, and Marlborough Clothing Trades 2,384 1477 Dunedin Fur Trade Employees 138 1958 Otago and Southland Clothing and Related Trades 1,390 COACHWORKERS 1705 Taranaki Coach and Motor-body Workers 21 1972 Wellington and Nelson Coach and Motor-body Workers 300 1752 Westland Coach and Motor-body Builders 16 263 Canterbury Coach and Motor-body Builders 250 205 Otago and Southland Coachworkers and Wheel-wrights .. .. 70 COAL-MINE WORKERS 1282 Northern Coal-mine Workers 1,400 1109 Northern Coal-mines Underground Officials 96 1513 North Auckland Coal-miners 163 1447 Ohura District Coal-miners 120 1703 Nelson Industrial District Coal-mine Workers 7 1344 Buller Underviewers and Deputies 42 1348 Grey Valley Deputies and Underviewers 70 1042 Millerton and Granity Brakesmen, Bricklayers, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, and Fitters 22 1753 Runanga State Coal-miners 550 1668 Grey Valley Collieries, Ltd., Employees 212 1679 Seddonville Coal-miners 22 1696. Burke's Creek Coal-miners 54 1743 Runanga District Coal-mine Employees 38 1641 Canterbury Coal-mine Workers 52 829 Otago Coal-miners 291 1290 Ohai District Underviewers, Deputies, and Shot-firers 37 1728 Mataura District Coal-mine Workers 20
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72
Keg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. COOKS AND STEWARDS (MARINE) 393 Auckland Federated Cooks and Stewards 200 1309 Wellington District (New Zealand) Marine Chief Stewards 13 212 Federated Cooks and Stewards of New Zealand 600 CREAMERIES, CHEESE, BUTTER, AND DAIRY EMPLOYEES 1723 New Zealand Dairy Factories and Related Trades Employees .. 3,147 1738 North Island Dairy-factory Managers .. .. .. ... 289 753 Auckland Milk-roundsmen's 177 966 Wellington Dairy Employees 188 1830 South Island Dairy-factory Managers 34 *1662 Christchurch Milk Roundsmen's 833 Otago and Southland Dairy-factory Managers "60 1039 Southland Milk-condensing Factories Employees 52 1941 Dunedin Retail Milk Employees 17 CURRIERS, TANNERS, AND FELLMONGERS • 508 Auckland Curriers, Beamsmen's, Fellmongers, Tanners, Soap-workers, and General 395 Tannery Employees 1908 Wellington and Taranaki Soap, Candle, Tannery, and Related Trades Employees 130 DENTAL ASSISTANTS AND TECHNICIANS 1567 Auckland Dental Assistants and Technicians 203 1543 Wellington Dental Assistants and Technicians 161 1746 Canterbury Dental Assistants and Technicians 112 1807 Otago and Southland Dental Assistants and Technicians 76 DRIVERS 1973 Auckland (25 mile radius) Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and 1,960 their Assistants ■j-240 Auckland Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 1,040 699 Gisborne Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 248 1151 Taranaki Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 123 • 375 Hawke's Bay Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 448 730 Wangantri Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 327 219 Wellington Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 1,520 1223 Blenheim Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 120 1146 Nelson Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants ' .. 256 1654 Westland Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 180 281 Canterbury Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 1,500 1468 Southland Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants .. 350 1119 Otago Road Transport and Motor and Horse Drivers and their Assistants 911 ELECTRICAL WORKERS. (See also Engineers and Allied Workers) 1939 1 North Island Electrical Trades 1 2,474 892 1 Dunedin and Suburban General Electrical Workers 96 * Cancelled (defunct) subsequent to 31st December, 1946. t Cancelled in respect of Auckland 25-mile radius on 13th January, 1944.
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73
Number of Keg. No. Fame. Members, December, 1946. ENGINE-DRIVERS. (See also Coal-mine and Gold-mine Workers; Flour-mill Employees; New Zealand Railways Employees) 1813 New Zealand Engine-drivers, River Engineers, Marine-engine Drivers, Greasers, 1 919 Firemen, and Assistants ENGINEERS AND ALLIED WORKERS 1951 New Zealand Engineering, Coachbuilding, Aircraft, and Related Trades 18,550 596 Auckland District Boilermakers, Iron-ship Workers, and Bridge-builders 280 149 Auckland Iron and Brass Moulders 218 779 Ohinemuri Branch of the Amalgamated Engineering Union (including Electricians 40 and Motor Mechanics) 97 Wellington Iron and Brass Moulders 91 930 Wellington Metal-workers' Assistants 170 19 Wellington United Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship and Bridge Builders 70 107 Christchurch Iron and Brass Moulders 243 372 United Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship Builders of Canterbury 49 703 Dunedin Canister Workers 70 80 Dunedin Iron and Brass Moulders 311 1140 Green Island Iron-rolling Mills Employees 28 197 Otago Metal-workers' Assistants 256 102 United Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship-builders of Otago .. 80 FELT-HATTERS 1494 Auckland Hatters i 64 *1891 Wellington and Dunedin Felt-hatters 1 3C FERRY EMPLOYEES 1130 | Devonport Ferry Co.'s Employees | . 128 FIRE-BRIGADESMEN 1920 New Zealand Fire Brigades Superintendents and Deputy Superintendents 30 921 Auckland Fire Brigades' Employees 82 1811 Northern, Wellington, Taranaki, and Nelson Fire Brigades' Employees 120 1342 Christchurch Fire Brigades' Employees 52 1131 Dunedin Fire Brigades' Employees 77 FISH-TRADE EMPLOYEES 381 1 Auckland Fish-trade Employees (other than Fishermen) 1. 64 1539 | Wellington Fishworkers .. .. .. .. I 25 FLAXMILL EMPLOYEES 540 1 Manawatu Flaxmill and Flax Textile Employees I 200 1754 | Southland Flaxmill Employees 1 46 FLOUR-MILL EMPLOYEES 183 Auckland United Flour-mill Employees 98 1719 Wellington Industrial District Flour-mills Employees 16 1180 Timaru United Millers and Flour-mill Employees 84 174 Canterbury United Flour-mill Employees 143 1059 Oamaru Flour-mills Employees 40 1538 Dunedin Flour-mills Employees 66 * Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1946.
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74
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December 1946. FREEZING WORKERS 1923 Auckland Freezing-works and Abattoir Employees 4,053 1406 Gisborne District Freezing-works and Related Trades Employees 450 1975 Wellington, Nelson, Marlborough, and Taranaki Freezing-works, Abattoir, and 4,925 Related Trades Employees *1404 Moerewa Freezing Workers 747 Canterbury Freezing-works and Related Trades Employees 2,350 599 Otago and Southland Freezing-works and Related Trades Employees 2,388 FURNITURE-TRADE EMPLOYEES 910 Auckland United Furniture and Related Trades 1,103 1330 Taranaki Federated Furniture Trades 15 1823 Wellington, Nelson, and Marlborough Federated Furniture and Related Trades .. 826 1906 Christchurch and Greymouth Federated Furniture and Related Trades 566 84 Dunedin Federated Furniture and Related Trades 259 411 Southland Federated Furniture Trades 84 GARDENERS. (Also included in Labourers) 1856 Auckland Gardeners, Gardeners' Labourers, and Green-keepers | 335 GASWORKS EMPLOYEES 1955 Auckland Gasworks and Related Trades Employees 365 1957 Wellington, Taranaki, Nelson, and Marlborough Gas Works and Related Trades 340 1960 Employ ees Canterbury and Westland Gas Works and Related Trades Employees 160 1953 Otago and Southland Gasworks and Related Trades Employees 90 GOLD-MINE WORKERS 863 Ohinemuri Mines and Batteries Employees (other than Engineers, Engine-drivers, 360 and Firemen) 16 Thames Miners .. .. .. .. .. .. 75 1471 Westland Gold-dredge and Alluvial Gold-mines' Employees 25» 1546 Otago Gold-dredge and Alluvial Gold-mines' Employees 72 1657 Southland Gold-mine Employees 4 GROCERS* SUNDRIES MANUFACTURING EMPLOYEES 1548 Auckland Fruit and Vegetable Preserving and Canning, Condiments, and Related 325 Products Manufacturing Employees 1588 Auckland Drug Factories Employees 110 1863 Wellington, Taranaki, Marlborough, Nelson, and Canterbury Grocers' Sundries, 470 Chemical, and Related Products Factory Employees 1837 Otago and Southland Manufacturing Chemists, Preserved Foods, Jam, and Starch 374 Factories Employees HARBOUR BOARDS EMPLOYEES 1660 | New Zealand Harbour Boards Employees .. .. .. .. .. | 1,775 ♦ Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1946.
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75
Number of Beg. No. Name Members, December, 1946. HERD-TESTERS 1686 Auckland Herd-testers 148 1901 Taranaki Herd-testers 22 1803 Wellington Herd-testers 43 HOTEL AND RESTAURANT EMPLOYEES 688 Auckland Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 4,420 1214 Taranaki Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 341 218 Wellington District Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 4,139 1271 Marlborough Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 152 1265 Nelson Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 192 1228 Westland Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 362 652 Canterbury Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 2,018 675 Otago Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 1,330 1295 Southland Hotel, Restaurant, and Related Trades' Employees 598 ICE-CREAM WORKERS 1907 Wellington and Taranaki Ice-cream and Related Products | 46 JEWELLERS AND WATCHMAKERS 1609 Auckland Manufacturing Jewellers, Watchmakers, and Opticians' Employees 86 1529 Wellington Jewellers, Watchmakers, and Related Trades 65 1563 Dunedin Watchmakers, Jewellers, and Related Trades 15 JOURNALISTS 853 Auckland Journalists 157 1485 Taranaki Journalists 40 1023 Wellington Journalists 159 1658 Nelson Journalists 9 1663 Grey mouth Journalists 9 857 Christchurch Journalists 80 854 Dunedin Journalists 41 1893 Invercargill Journalists 27 LABOURERS (MISCELLANEOUS) 825 Auckland and Suburban Local Bodies' Labourers and Related Trades 713 871 Auckland District Labourers and Related Trades 965 777 Poverty Bay General Labourers and Related Trades 286 811 Taranaki Labourers and Related Trades .. .. .. .. 329 1173 Wanganui Municipal Labourers 105 1938 Wellington, Nelson, Westland, and Marlborough Local Bodies', other Labourers, 2,813 and Related Trades 176 Canterbury Builders' and General Labourers and Related Workers 2,114 903 Dunedin and Suburban Operative Licensed Drainers 25 507 Otago Labourers and Related Trades 574 1492 Southland Labourers and Related Trades 250
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS—continued
76
Reg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. LAUNDRY EMPLOYEES 1520 Northern District Laundries, Dyers, and Dry Cleaners Employees ,475 1936 Wellington, Taranaki, Marlborough, and Nelson, Laundry Workers, Dyers, and 500 Dry Cleaners 1924 Grey mouth Laundry Workers 14 1710 Christchurch Laundry Workers, Dyers, and Dry Cleaners 148 1560 Dunedin Laundry Employees 138 LIME AND CEMENT WORKERS (also included in Labourers) 1535 Portland Cement Workers 212 1145 Golden Bay Cement Co.'s Employees 99 1176 Otago and Southland Lime and Cement Employees .. 335 LOCAL BODIES' OFFICERS 1680 Auckland Provincial District Local Authorities' Officers 887 1726 Taranaki Local Authorities' Officers 61 1661 Wellington Local Bodies' Officers 522 1814 Marlborough Local Bodies' Officers 16 1721 Nelson Local Bodies' Officers 45 1820 Canterbury Local Bodies'Officers (other than Clerical) 181 1506 Dunedin City Corporation and Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board Engineer 23 Officials 1501 Dunedin Municipal Clerical and other Employees (other than Inspectors) 203 1889 Dunedin City Council and Dunedin Drainage and Sewerage Board Inspectors (other 33 than Tramway Inspectors) MATCH-FACTORY EMPLOYEES 1591 1 Wellington Match-manufacturing Employees .. .. .. .. 1 57 1165 1 Dunedin Wax-vesta Employees .. .. ,. .. .. .. | 49 MERCHANT-SERVICE EMPLOYEES 1720 | New Zealand Merchant Service Guild .. .. .. .. .. | 470 NEW ZEALAND RAILWAYS EMPLOYEES 710 Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants 13,196 1217 Engine-drivers, Firemen, and Cleaners' Association 2,288 1325 New Zealand Railway Tradesmen's Association 2,774 OPTICAL EMPLOYEES. (See also Jewellers, &c.) 1551 Wellington Optical Employees 41 1592 Christchurch Optical Employees 24 1709 Otago and Southland Optical Employees 18 PAINT AND VARNISH MANUFACTURERS' EMPLOYEES 1572 Auckland Paint and Varnish Manufacturers' Employees 70 1911 Wellington and Canterbury Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, Printer's Ink, and Related 101 Products Manufacturers' Employees 1595 Dunedin Paint and Varnish Manufacturing Employees 26
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS—continued
77
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. PAINTERS AND DECORATORS 108 Auckland Painters and Decorators 596 1965 Gisborne Painters and Decorators 59 1312 Taranaki Amalgamated Society of Painters, Decorators, and Leadlight Workers 116 1433 Hawke's Bay Amalgamated Society of Painters and Decorators 83 258 Wanganui Society of Painters and Decorators 61 129 Wellington Amalgamated Society of Painters, Decorators, Display and Poster 540 Artists 1484 Marlborough Painters and Decorators 20 445 Nelson Painters 32 1890 Westland Painters and Decorators 27 81 Christchurch Painters 386 481 Timaru Society of Painters and Decorators 4a 1037 Oamaru Painters 10 93 Dunedin Painters 150 784 Southland Painters .. .. .. .. .. " 51 PAPER-MILLS EMPLOYEES 1971 Auckland, and Otago and Southland Wood Pulp, Paper, and Paper Products I 394 PHOTO-ENGRAVERS 1888 New Zealand Photo-engravers .. .. .. .. .. .. | U9 PLASTERERS 1946 1 New Zealand (except Otago and Southland) Plasterers and Related Trades 530 216 1 Otago and Southland Operative Plasterers .. .. .. .. 82 PLUMBERS AND GASFITTERS 1817 j New Zealand Plumbers, Gasfitters, and Related Trades .. .. .. | 1,048 PRINTING-TRADE EMPLOYEES 1862 New Zealand Printing and Related Trades 3,635 1108 Auckland City Female Printing and Related Trades 335 267 Otago Box-workers 67 RADIO OFFICERS 1922 | New Zealand Radio Officers .. .. .. .. .. .. | 40 ROPE AND TWINE WORKERS 1246 Auckland Rope and Twine Workers 80 1201 Canterbury Rope, Twine, and Flax-mill Employees 34 1038 Dunedin Rope and Twine Spinners 40 RUBBER WORKERS 1976 | Northern, Wellington, and Canterbury Rubber Workers .. .. .. I 550
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS—continued
78
Beg. No. Name. Number of Members, December, 1946. RURAL WORKERS 1616 I New Zealand Workers | 16,415 SACK AND BAG WORKERS 1937 | Auckland Textile, Sack and Bag Workers | 114 SADDLERY AND HARNESS WORKERS 150 Auckland Saddlers, Collar-makers, Bag-makers, Sailmakers, and Related Trades.. 541 1871 Wellington, Taranaki, and Nelson Saddlers, Bagmakers, Canvas-workers, and 140 Related Trades 223 Christchurch Saddlery, Bag, and Canvas Workers 125 182 Otago and Southland Saddle-makers, Harness-makers, Collar-makers, Bag-makers, 46 Cover-makers, and Bridle-cutters SEAMEN AND FIREMEN 1297 Auckland Federated Seamen's 926 1305 Wellington Federated Seamen's 1,058 1298 Dunedin Federated Seamen's .. .. .. ... 520 SHIPWRIGHTS. (See also Carpenters and Joiners) 1839 New Zealand (except Northern, Taranaki and Westland) Shipwrights and Boat75 builders 494 Auckland Sbip, Yacht, and Boat-builders 244 SHOP-ASSISTANTS 152 Auckland Butchers 623 314 Auckland Grocers' Assistants 1,031 1434 Auckland Grocers' Shop-managers 241 501 Auckland Hairdressers' Assistants 350 1082 Auckland Retail Chemists' Employees 136 1100 Auckland Amalgamated Society of Shop-assistants and Related Trades (other than 3,433 Butchers', Grocers, Hairdressers', and Chemists' Assistants) 1275 Gisborne Grocers' and other Shop-assistants 302 1122 Taranaki Amalgamated Society of Shop-assistants and Related Trades 675 1502 Wellington Amalgamated Society of Shop-assistants and Related Trades 5,032 1624 Blenheim Amalgamated Society of Shop-assistants and Related Trades 173 1178 Nelson Grocers' Assistants 100 1499 Nelson Shop-assistants 224 1639 Nelson Operative Butchers 40 1164 Westland Retail Shop-assistants .. .. .. ' 348 274 Canterbury Grocers' Assistants 562 236 Christchurch Hairdressers' and Tobacconists' Assistants 199 1933 Canterbury Amalgamated Shop-assistants and Related Trades (other than Grocers', 2,585 Tobacconists' and Hairdressers' Assistants) 221 Dunedin and Suburban Operative Butchers .. .. .. 213 1098 Dunedin Retail Chemists'Assistants 33 1167 Invercargill Retail Grocers' Assistants 125 1160 Oamaru Grocers' Assistants 30 1359 Otago and Southland Amalgamated Society of Shop-assistants (other than Grocers', 1,498 Butchers', Chemists', Tobacconists', and Hairdressers' Assistants) 217 Otago Grocers' Assistants 192 578 Otago and Southland Hairdressers' and Tobacconists Assistants 80 225 Southland Operative Butchers 97
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS—continued
79
Number of Reg. No. Name. Members, December, 1946. SPORTS-GOODS EMPLOYEES 1670 Auckland Sports-goods Employees ! 43 STONEMASONS 1788 New Zealand Stonemasons .. .. .. .. .. | 179 STOREMEN AND PACKERS 1101 Auckland United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Ware1,700 house Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1200 New Plymouth United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and 50 Warehouse Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1797 Wellington and Taranaki Cool-stores and Cold-stores Employees 90 1323 Hawke's Bay United Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Ware220 house Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 773 Wellington United Warehouse and Bulk Store Employees (other than Drivers and rn*vr»irc«\ 1,142 1163 oierKs j Blenheim United Storemen's (other than Employees in Retail Grocery and Soft119 goods Establishments) 1613 Nelson Storemen and Packers 50 1095 Christchurch Storemen and Packers (other than in Retail Shops) and Warehouse 920 Employees (other than Drivers and Clerks) 1403 Invercargill Wholesale Storemen and Packers and Warehouse Employees (other 205 than Drivers and Clerks) 1179 Otago and Southland Wholesale Storemen and Packers 793 1822 Otago and Southland Cool-store Employees .. .. .. 14 SUGAR-WORKS EMPLOYEES 1168 Auckland Sugar-works Employees 251 1799 Auckland Sugar-manufacturing Industry Technical and Engineering Staff and 32 Office Employees TALLY CLERKS. (See also Waterside Employees) 830 Northern Industrial District Tally Clerks 208 1818 Napier Ships' Tally Clerks 12 1134 Wellington City Ships' Tally Clerks 97 1152 Lyttelton Ships' Tally Clerks 40 1510 Dunedin and Port Chalmers Ships' Tally Clerks 46 THEATRES AND PLACES OF AMUSEMENT EMPLOYEES *1981 Actors Equity of New Zealand 1794 New Zealand Musicians 2 joOl 1805 New Zealand (except Northern, Nelson, and Westland) Theatrical and Places of 951 Amusement and Related Employees 1129 Auckland Theatrical and Places of Amusement Employees 1,050 923 Auckland Motion-picture Projectionists 106 715 Auckland Stage Employees 61 1729 Auckland Picture-theatre Managers 51 1449 Taranaki Motion-picture Projectionists 12 1377 Wellington District Motion-picture Operators 118 1750 Nelson and Westland Picture-theatre Employees 40 1931 Canterbury, Westland, and Nelson Motion-picture Operators 51 5 Christchurch Stage Employees 40 1450 Dunedin Motion-picture Projectionists 32 711 Dunedin Stage Employees 18 942 Dunedin Theatrical and Shows Employees (other than Stage Hands) 120 * Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1946
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INDUSTRIAL UNIONS OF WORKERS—continued
Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing (918 copies), £212
By Authority: E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 947.
Price Is. 6d.~\
80
Reg. No. Name. Number o Members, December 1946. TILERS AND SLATERS 1542 Auckland Roof Tilers and Slaters .. .. .. .. .. TIMBER-YARDS AND SAWMILL EMPLOYEES | 126 1771 444 1942 1943 1944 New Zealand Timber-workers Auckland Coopers Nelson Timber Industry Employees Marlborough Timber Industry Employees Westland Timber Industry Employees ... TOBACCO-MANUFACTURERS' EMPLOYEES 5,400 43 196 85 905 1929 New Zealand Tobacco Products Employees .. .. .. .. .. 1 TRAMWAY EMPLOYEES 726 1865 1652 1638 1500 1094 New Zealand Tramways Authorities Employees Auckland Transport Board Inspectorial Staff Auckland Transport Board's Maintenance Officers Wellington Tramway Inspectors, Despatchers, and Depot Officers Dunedin Corporation Transport Officials WATERSIDE EMPLOYEES, STEVEDORES, AND TIMEKEEPERS 2,966 35 35 30 28 1718 1532 1730 1519 1524 1692 New Zealand Waterside Workers Auckland Assistant Stevedores, Foremen, and Timekeepers (in connection with Waterside Work) Auckland Receiving and Forwarding Wharf Foremen's and Assistant Foremen's.. Wellington Foreman Stevedores, Timekeepers, and Permanent Hands Lyttelton Foreman Stevedores and Permanent Hands Otago and Southland Shipping Foremen's and Assistant Foremen's WOOLLEN-MILLS EMPLOYEES 6,470 65 39 72 32 281155 769 *266 fl979 776 Auckland District Woollen-mills, Knitting-mills, and Hosiery-factories Employees Wellington District Woollen-mills, Knitting-mills, and Hosiery-factories Employees Canterbury Woollen-mills, Knitting-mills, and Hosiery-factories Employees Canterbury and Westland Woollen, Knitting, and Hosiery Trades Otago and Southland Woollen-mills and Hosiery-factories Employees 383 901 881 1,362 Totals : Number of unions registered as at 31st December, 1946, 377 •247,498 * Cancelled subsequent to 31st December, 1946. t Registered subsequent to 31st December, 1946.
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Bibliographic details
DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR (REPORT OF THE), Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1947 Session I, H-11
Word Count
28,686DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR (REPORT OF THE) Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1947 Session I, H-11
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