SOCIAL SECURITY DEPARTMENT REPORT FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED 31st MARCH, 1946

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1946 Session I, H-09

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1946 NEW ZEALAND

SOCIAL SECURITY DEPARTMENT REPORT FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED 31st MARCH, 1946

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly pursuant to the Provisions of the Social Security Act, 1938

In so far as the social security legislation is concerned, this report deals with Part II of the Act only. Reports on the operation of Part 111 and Part IV of the Act will be submitted by the Health and Land and Income Tax Departments respectively.

REPORT

To the Hon. the Minister of Social Security. Sir,— Social Security Department, Wellington, 19th June, 1946 I have the honour to submit for the information of Parliament the seventh annual report of the Social Security Department for the period Ist April, 1945, to 31st March, 1946. NEW LEGISLATION During the year the undermentioned legislation affecting social security benefits was passed:— (a) Social Security Amendment Act, 1945 : (b) Finance Act (No. 2) 1945, section 57. (a) The Social Security Amendment Act, 1945, became operative from Ist October, 1945. The main features of the legislation were : (1) The establishment of the office of " Minister of Social Security " ; (2) Increases in the basic rates-for age, invalids', widows', miners', unemployment, sickness, and Maori War benefits ; the raising of the maximum income scales to conform with the increased benefit rates; and the increasing of the maximum rate for universal superannuation to £IQ4 a year ; (3) The provision, in special cases, of a supplementary benefit of £52 a year for widows with dependent children ; (4) The abolition of the means test for family benefits after Ist April, 1946. For the period from Ist October, 1945, to 31st March, 1946, the income exemption in respect of family benefits was raised from £5 10s. to £6 10s. a week. From Ist April, 1946, however, all provisions regarding income lapse. From that date a family benefit of 10s. a week is payable in respect of each child under sixteen years of age, irrespective of the income or property of the family. (b) Section 57 of the Finance Act (No. 2), 1945, amended the Social Security Act, 1938, by providing that the payment of a family benefit would not operate so as to take away or restrict any liability imposed by the Destitute Persons Act, 1910, on any person for the maintenance of any other person, or so as to affect the power of a Magistrate to make any maintenance order under that Act.

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SUMMARY OF RATES OF SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS, SHOWING INCREASES IN RATES AS A RESULT OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY AMENDMENT ACT, 1945 Superannuation— Universal superannuation (from Ist April, 194G) : £lO a year, increased by £2 10s. a year, reaching £lO4 a year from Ist April, 1978. Per Week. Age-benefits— £ s. d. Unmarried persons : Increased from £1 12s. 6d. to .. ..200 Married persons, both eligible : Increased from £1 12s. 6d. each to ..200 each Where wife not eligible : Increased from £2 3s. to .. .. ..400 Invalids' Benefits — Invalids under twenty years of age, unmarried : Increased from £1 2s. 6d. to .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 10 0 Invalids twenty years of age and over, unmarried : Increased from £1 12s. 6d. to .. .. .. .. .. ..200 Invalids, married — Male : Increased from £1 12s. 6d. to .. .. .. ..200 Wife : Increased from 10s. 6d. to .. .. .. ..200 Married woman : Increased from £1 12s. 6d. to .. .. ..200 Widows' Benefits — (i) With children under sixteen years : Increased from £1 10s. to ..200 (Plus a supplementary benefit of £1 a week in special cases.) (ii) With children no longer under sixteen years : Increased from £1 ss. to 2 0 0 (iii) Widows who have never had a child : Increased from £1 ss. to 1 10 0 Family Benefits — For each child under sixteen years .. .. .. .. .. 010 0 (No increase in rate of benefit, but from Ist April, 1946, the means test no longer applies.) Miners'' Benefits — Miner : Increased from £1 12s. 6d. to .. .. .. ..200 Wife : Increased from 10s. 6d. to .. .. .. .. ..200 Widow : Increased from £1 to .. .. .. .. 1 10 0 Sickness Benefits — Sick persons aged sixteen to twenty without dependants : Increased from 10s. 6d. to .. .. .. .. .. .. ..100 Others over sixteen : Increased from £1 to .. .. .. ..200 Wife : Increased from 15s. to .. .. .. .. ..200 Unemployment Benefits — Unemployed person aged sixteen to twenty without dependants : Increased from 10s. 6d. to .. .. .. .. .. ..100 Others over sixteen : Increased from £1 to .. .. .. ..200 Wife : Increased from 15s. to .. .. .. .. ..200 Maori War Benefits— Increased from £1 12s, 6d, to ~ ~ ~ ~ ~200

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BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS The following figures show the number of applications for unemployment benefits dealt with during the years, ended 31st March, 1945, and 31st Maroh, 1946, respectively :

SICKNESS BENEFITS The following figures show-the number of sickness benefits dealt with during the years ended 31st March, 1945, and 31st March, 1946, respectively: —

EMERGENCY BENEFITS Under the provisions of section 58 of the Social Security Act, 1938, the Social Security Commission may, in its discretion, grant a special benefit on the grounds of hardship to any person who is not qualified for any other benefit under the Act, but who, by reason of age or of physical or mental disability, or for any other reason, is unable to earn a sufficient livelihood for himself and his dependants. Full and sympathetic use is made of this section, and emergency benefits granted during the year totalled 1,547. OTHER MONETARY BENEFITS Details regarding other monetary benefits under the Act are included in the table on page 9. RECIPROCAL AGE AND INVALIDS' BENEFITS Under the Age-benefits and Invalid's Benefits (Reciprocity with Australia) Act, 1943, the Social Security Commission is empowered to make grants of age and invalids' benefits to persons living in the Dominion who have also had residence in Australia.

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1944-45. 1945-46. Males. Females. Totals. Males. Females. Totals. Persons granted benefit Number of applications declined Number of persons whose applications were declined, but who were granted emergency benefits on the ground of hardship 1,151 3l6 238 99 642 568 1,250 958 806 1,149 402 210 85 746 502 1,234 1,148 712 Totals 1,705 1,309 3,014 1,761 1,333 3,094

1944-45. 1945-46. Males. Females. Totals. Males. Females. Totals. Persons granted benefit Number of applications declined Number of persons whose applications were declined, but who were granted emergency benefits on the ground of hardship 18,489 1,455 135 8,433 895 390 26,922 2,350 525 22,493 2,159 111 8,154 1,076 331 30,647 3,235 442 Totals 20,079 9,718 29,797 24,763 9,561 34,324

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The number of applications received and dealt with, during the period Ist April, 1945, to 31st March, 1946, was — Age- Invalids' Benefits. Benefits. Applications received and those outstanding at the beginning of year*.. .. .. .. .. 94 15 Applications granted .. .. .. 57 7 Applications rejected .. .. .. .. 17 5 Outstanding at 31st March, 1946 .. .. 20 3 The number of reciprocal benefits in force as at 31st March, 1946 was — Age-benefits .. .. .. .. .. .. 117 Invalids' benefits .. .. .. .. 40 Total .. .. .. .. * ..157 This shows an increase of 55 (47 age and 8 invalids' benefits) over the figures as at 31st March, 1945. Due to increases in Australian pensions, from sth July, 1945, the maximum rate for reciprocal benefits was increased from £7O 4s. to £B4 10s. a year. FINANCE STATEMENT SHOWING THE RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS OF THE SOCIAL SECURITY FUND FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH 1946 Receipts Payments £ £ £ Balance .. .. .. 2,389,702 Monetary benefits — Social security r t gis- £ Universal superannuatration fees .. 585,713 tion .. .. 1,185,508 Social security charge Age .. .. 9,817,615 on wages and other Widows .. .. 1,043,593 income ..14,557,460 Orphans .. .. 24,178 Penalties, fines, inter- Family .. .. 2,611,759 est, and miscel- Invalids .. .. 1,183,537 laneous receipts .. 143,019 Miners .. .. 88,359 15,286,192 Maori War.. .. 101 Grants from Consolidated Fund, Unemployment .. 31,661 vote " Social Security" (Social Sickness .. .. 565,420 Security Act, 1938, section 105 (c)) 7,000,000 Emergency .. 121,959 16,673,690 Medical benefits, &c. — Medical benefits .. 1,427,309 Hospital benefits .. 2,173,460 Maternity benefits . . 600,209 Pharmaceutical benefits .. .. 1,133,366 Supplementary benefits 229,971 5,564,315 ' Administration expenses — Social Security Department .. 492,087 Land and Income Tax Department .. 132,000 Health Department .. 97,500 721,587 Balance .. .. .. 1,716,302 £24,675,894 £24,675,894 WAR PENSIONS The general administration of the enactments providing for pensions and allowances in respect of war service, and the carrying-out of the decisions of the War Pensions Boards and the War Pensions Appeal Boards, are the functions of the Secretary for War Pensions.

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NEW LEGISLATION The following legislation became operative from Ist October, 1945 : the War Pensions Amendment Act, 1945. The main features of this Act were the provisions for increases in war veterans' allowances. The allowance for a male or female veteran was increased from £B4 10s. to £lO4 a year, and in the case of a married male veteran the allowance in respect of his wife was increased from £54 12s. to £lO4 a year. In conformity with the policy of granting family benefits under the Social Security Act, 1938, in respect of dependent children, the War Pensions Amendment Act, 1945, abolished war veterans' allowances in respect of children, and from Ist October, 1945, these allowances were paid by way of family benefit. During the year the Department received 25,812 applications for pensions. Of these, 19,306 applications were lodged by ex-servicemen in respect of their own disabilities, the balance of 6,506 being made up of claims by dependents, applications for economic pensions, and war veterans' allowances. The following is a summary of the' disabilities from which ex-service personnel were suffering at the time of application for pension

The War Pensions Boards dealt with 91,039 cases during the year ended 31st March, 1946, made up as follows : (1) Claims for war pension on account of disablement .. .. .. 16,664 (2) Claims for economic pension .. .. .. ... .. 2,664 (3) Claims for dependants' pensions .. .. .. .. .. 1,925 (4) Cases submitted for renewal and review .. .. .. .. 34,207 (5) Cases submitted for reconsideration and reinstatement .. .. 11,815 (6) Cases where the question of entitlement was considered in respect of personnel discharged from the Forces on medical grounds, but who did not lodge claims for pension .. .. .. .. 12,680 (7) Claims for war veterans'allowances .. .. .. .. 2,272 (8) Sundry claims and reviews .. .. .. .. .. 3,118 (9) Cases adjourned for further consideration and decision .. .. 5,694 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. 91,039

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Type of Service. Percentage of Total. Class of Disability or Disease. 1 New Zealand. Total. Overseas. i (1) Infections and infestations 568 22 590 3-06 (2) Nervous system 3,100 598 3,698 19-15 (3) Eye, ear, and nose 2,554 567 3,121 16-17 (4) Circulatory and blood systems 636 359 995 5-15 (5) Metabolism 149 60 209 1-08 (6) Lungs 994 339 1,333 6-90 (7) Breast (non-malignant) 5 2 7 0-04 (8) Digestive system 1,467 400 1,867 9-67 (9) Generative system 74 44 118 0-61 (10) Gunshot wounds and accidental injuries to bones 4,691 965 5,656 29-30 and joints and soft tissues (11) Skin 757 203 960 4-97 (12) Areolar tissue 21 4 25 0-13 (13) Tumours and neoplastic growths 40 19 59 0-30 (14) Malformations 117 45 162 0-84 (15) Amputations 245 22 267 1-40 (16) Kidney and urinary tract 190 49 239 1-23 Totals 15,608 3,698 19,306 100-00

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MEDICAL TREATMENT OF EX-SERVICEMEN During the past year there has been a considerable extension of activities to deal with treatment of ex-servicemen suffering disabilities due to war service. The medical officer in charge of treatment in Wellington has now the assistance of a War Pensions medical officer in each city or town in which a Registrar of War Pensions is situated, and there are now nineteen part-time pensions medical officers attached to the Department. From the records made available to each medical officer, treatment is authorized locally instead of from Wellington, while ex-servicemen have the benefit of applying in person to the officer authorizing the treatment. Facilities for treatment of ex-servicemen at all hospitals are made use of by the Department through the local medical officers, whose main duty is to guide and help ex-servicemen into the channels of treatment best suited to their cases. The system has been working very satisfactorily and has helped considerably to deal expeditiously with applications for treatment of war disabilities. In addition, an orthopaedic specialist was appointed to look after the interests of amputees in respect of their treatment and fitting of artificial limbs. To obtain the best possible service from such appointment, the specialist proceeded to England and America to study the most modern treatment of orthopaedic disabilities, as well as the most up-to-date treatment of amputations and the fitting of artificial limbs. Close touch'is now kept by the specialist with all amputees, and the fitting of all new limbs is superintended either by him or by close liaison with orthopaedic specialists in other centres. A very much improved service to amputees has thereby been effected. In order to relieve the pressure on the Wellington Hospital due to the large number of ex-servicemen requiring out-patient treatment, a physio-therapy clinic under the control of the Wellington Hospital Board was established at the War Pensions Office in Tory Street, Wellington. Since it was opened on 7th May, 1945, 640 patients have attended the clinic and 16,776 treatments have been given. The establishment of this out-patient centre has been an outstanding success. Medical treatment to war pensioners during 1945-46 cost £58,302 (this item includes the cost of treatment of pensioners resident in overseas countries). Railway concessions to ex-members of the Forces pensioned for total and permanent disablement, and those with locomotor disabilities on permanent pensions in excess of 50 per cent., cost £4,986.

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ECONOMIC PENSIONS PAYABLE AT 31st MARCH, 1946, IN SUPPLEMENTATION OF STATUTORY WAR PENSIONS

DISSECTION OF WAR PENSIONS CURRENT AS AT 31st MARCH, 1946

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Class of Pension. War, 1914-18. War, 1939-45. Totals. Number of Number of Annual Number of Number of Annual Number of Number of Annual Pensioners. Children. j Value. Pensioners. Children. "Value. Pensioners. Children. "Value. Ex-members of Forces — £ £ £ Permanent 14,071 2 1,381,502 2,562 146,825 16,633 2 1,528,327 Temporary 822 93,648 20,284 1,204,995 21,106 1,298,643 Dependants of disabled ex-members 2,808 2,196 208,425 950 1,027 75,192 3,758 3,223 283,617 Widows 2,235 359 307,098 2,434 1,796 459,343 4,669 2,155 766,441 Other dependants of deceased 524 64 25,261 . 696 444 36,811 1,220 508 62,072 members Totals 20,460 2,621 2,015,934 26,926 3,267 1,923,166 47,386 5,888 3,939,100

Class of Pension. War, 1914-18. War, 1939-45. Totals. Number. Annual Value. Number. Annual Value. 1 Number, j Annual Value. Ex-members with permanent pensions Ex-members with temporary pensions Widows .. .. .. idowed mothers Totals 3,436 219 1,152 38 £ 289,765 18,250 61,506 1,846 85 1,572 934 116 £ 7,652 138,862 56,594 5,212 3,521 1,791 2,086 154 £ 297,417 157,112 118,100 7,058 4,845 371,367 2,707 208,320 7,552 579,687

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PENSIONS PAYABLE OUTSIDE NEW ZEALAND AT 31st MARCH, 1946

SUMMARY OF PENSION PAYMENTS

WAR PENSIONS APPEAL BOARD The following summarizes the operations of the War Pensions Appeal Board during the year with respect to appeals under war pensions and related legislation:—

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Class of Pension. War, 1914-18. War, 1939-45. Total. Ex-members of Forces — * Permanent 880 23 903 Temporary 9 173 182 Wives and parents of ex-members : Temporary dependants 55 1 56 of deceased members Widows 218 96 314 Other dependants 201 48 249 Totals 1,363 341 1,704

— Payments made in Total. London. Australia. Canada. South Africa. Foreign Countries. New Zealand. Total payments to 31st March, 1945 Payments, 1945-46 .. Total payments to 31st March, 1946 £ 1,511,260 37,155 £ 1,054,571 69,452 £ 65,023 6,508 £ 12,866 1,109 £ 16,387 910 £ 40,400,637 3,545,834 £ 43,060,744 3,660,968 1,548,415 1,124,023 71,531 13,975 17,297 1 43,946,471 *46,721,712 * Includes £4,679,530 in respect of war pensions in connection with the 1939-45 war and £7,033 to members of the Emergency Reserve Corps.

• — War, 1914-18. War, 1939-45. War Pensions and Allowances (Mercantile Marine) Act, 1940. War Veterans. Totals. Appeals outstanding at 31st March, 1945 Appeals lodged, 1945-46 69 300 826 2,135 1 5 2 4 898 2,444 Total to be dealt with .. 369 2,961 6 6 3,342 Appeals upheld, 1945-46 Appeals dismissed, 1945-46 Appeals withdrawn or struck out, 1945-46 111 207 23 893 1,320 365 1 5 1 3 2 1,006 1,535 390 Total disposed of 341 2,578 6 6 2,931 Appeals outstanding at 31st March, 1946 Percentage upheld 28 32-5 383 34-6 16-6 16-6 411 34-3

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BENEFITS AND PENSIONS IN FORCE AND TOTAL PAYMENTS

COST OF ADMINISTRATION Excluding expenditure of £16,725 on capital items, administration costs fpr the year amounted to £558,934, including £83,572 in respect of the administration of war pensions and allowances. This represents 2-66 per cent, on total payments. GENERAL (1) FAMILY BENEFITS At 31st March, 1946, there were 42,637 family benefits in force, representing payments in respect of 151,361 children. With the abolition of the means test in respect of family benefits from Ist April, 1946, the Commission anticipated that a further 180,000 families would participate in the scheme and that family benefits would be paid in respect of approximately 335,000 additional children. In anticipation of the large influx of new applications which would be received, the Commission made arrangements for applications for benefit to be accepted in offices of the Social Security Department prior to Ist April, 1946, as it was realized that a task of some magnitude was ahead of the Department if payments to the new beneficiaries were to be made as early as possible. Arrangements were therefore made to have application forms available in all postoffices and district offices of the Department by 25th February, 1946, and from that date onwards a large flow of applications has been received. Up to 31st March, 132,000, or 73 per cent., of the anticipated total were received. 2—H 9

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As at 31st March, 1945. As at 31st March , 1946. Class. Number in Force. Annual Value. Total Payments, 1944-45. Number in Force. Annual I Value. Total Payments, 1945-46. £ £ 1 £ £ Universal superannuation 53,679 1,073,580 995,035 56,181 1,264,073 1,185,508 Age 104,653 8,665,268 8,492,015 110,060 11,589,318 9,817,615 Widows 10,965 1,019,745 985,452 11,507 1,153,001 1,043,593 Orphans .. 421 22,080 23,253 400 21,540 24,178 "Family 24,251 1,750,922 1,405,113 42,637 3,935,395 2,611,759 Invalids 12,205 1,083,804 1,072,619 12,164 1,411,024 1,183,537 Miners 783 73,093 74,367 736 101,182 88,359 Maori War 1 | 85 78 1 ! 104 101 Unemployment 198 27,822 205 j 31,661 Sickness 4,233 351,866 5,416 j 565,420 Emergency 2,083 105,843 2,094 121,959 War, 1914-18 20,849 2,059,116 2,046,005 20,460 2,015,934 1,997,390 War, 1939-45 20,584 1,662,564 i 1,407,460 26,926 1,923,166 1,662,227 War veterans' allowances 1,892 242,962 242,501 2,029 292,482 275,029 Boer War (Defence Act, 1909) 45 3,629 3,243 46 3,564 3,547 Mercantile Marine pensions .. 18 1,632 1,652 26 2,857 1,879 Emergency Reserve Corps .. 12 1,427 1,228 11 1,286 1,351 Sundry pensions and annuities 151 18,574 ! • 17,512 162 16,960 17,560 Civil Service Act, 1908 3 1,400 1,471 3 1,400 1,260 War and other pensions paid 3,225 263,543 322,454 3,121 260,045 301,548 on behalf of the Governments of Great Britain, Australia, India, Canada, South Africa, and Crown colonies Totals ... 260,251 17,943,424 17,576,9'89 294,185 23,993,331 20,935,481

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To further assist the public in lodging their applications, Social Security district offices remained open until 9 p.m. each week-night for some weeks until the bulk of the applications had been received. (2) REHABILITATION ALLOWANCES By arrangement with the Rehabilitation Department, the Social Security Commission continued to make available, where necessary, to demobilized ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen rehabilitation allowances for periods up to thirteen weeks following the cessation of Service pay, to facilitate their reabsorption into civilian occupations. As the majority of ex-service personnel have been quickly reabsorbed into industry, the number of cases handled during the year showed a considerable reduction compared with the previous year, and in all 2,762 cases were reviewed, representing 2,710 in respect of ex-servicemen and 52 in respect of ex-servicewomen. Grants were made in 1,516 cases —1,480 to ex-servicemen and 36 to ex-servicewomen. Included in these grants were allowances in respect of 956 children. From Ist April, 1946, rehabilitation allowances will no longer be payable in respect of children; who will from that date receive family benefits. During the period Ist April, 1945, to 31st March, 1946, the total amount paid out by way of rehabilitation allowances was £65,129, as compared with £131,733 for the year ended 31st March, 1945. At 31st March, 1946, there were 49 allowances current. (3) DEMOBILIZATION ALLOWANCES In the past it was the practice of the Army, Navy, and Air Departments to retain on Service pay and allowances personnel unfit for further military service but still requiring approved medical treatment. From Ist August, 1945, the period Service personnel could be retained on pay was limited to twelve months from the date of arrival in New Zealand in the case of overseas servicemen undergoing treatment, and six months from the date of commencement of treatment in the case of home servicemen. At the conclusion of the respective periods, if an incapacitated serviceman requires further treatment, he is discharged from the Forces and placed under the control of War Pensions for the continuation of treatment and for the determination of his pension and other rights by the approved authorities. To provide for the maintenance of unfit personnel so discharged who require a continuation of treatment or medical after care and who are unable to resume civilian employment by reason of their incapacity, payment of a temporary allowance known as a " demobilization allowance " was authorized. This allowance is paid in accordance with the following scale : Per Week. £ s. d. Ex-serviceman .. .. .. .. 3 10 0 Wife 10 0 From Ist August, 1945 (when the scheme came into operation), until 31st March, 1946, the Commission received 111 applications for allowances —106 from ex-servicemen and 5 from ex-servicewomen. Allowances were granted to 52 ex-servicemen and 2 ex-servicewomen. The amount paid out by way of demobilization allowances was £1j913. As at 31st March, 1946, there were 30 allowances current. (4) WAR SERVICE GRATUITIES The War Service Gratuities Emergency Regulations 1945, which came into operation during the year, although not directly the concern of this Department, nevertheless created a considerable amount of extra work.

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As a result of these regulations the Department is required to advise Base Records and other Service Departments of the amount of permanent or temporary wardisability pension being paid to applicants for gratuities, and to indicate whether the gratuities should be based on service or on the rates of permanent pension. To enable this work to be carried out, a large number of cases require to be reviewed, and up to 31st March, 1946, approximately 12,000 reviews had been undertaken and Service Departments supplied with the appropriate information. During the war years the Department was greatly handicapped by lack of trained staff. At the outbreak of war there were 1,197 officers in the Department: 644 joined the Armed Forces, the majority being on service outside New Zealand for lengthy periods : 36 officers made the supreme sacrifice ; and at 31st March, 1946, there were still 207 members of the staff absent on military service. Although the activities of the Department increased considerably during the war years, the effective strength of the staff did not increase beyond 1,100 officers until early in 1946, when ex-servicemen again rejoined the Department, and at 31st March, 1946, the staff working in the Department totalled 1,353. The rehabilitation of ex-service members of the staff is a matter of outstanding importance to the Department and every effort is being made to ensure that officers rejoining the Department have facilities available to regain their lost departmental knowledge as soon as possible. As a measure of assisting them in this direction, a series of lectures on social security and war pensions legislation and departmental functions is being given. A frequent rotation of duties on a comprehensive staff-training basis is also a feature of the Departments' rehabilitation plan. It is to the credit of all members of the staff that the large increase in the work of the Department was so efficiently carried out under the most difficult conditions, and in submitting this report I would like to express my appreciation for their loyalty and co-operation during the period under review. H. Digby Smith, Chairman, Social Security Commission. Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (1,478 copies), £35

By Authority: E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 946. Price 6d.~\

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