CENTENARY AIR RACE.

Waikato Times, Volume 115, Issue 19202, 12 March 1934, Page 12

CENTENARY AIR RACE.

PROVISION OF A MACHINE. NEW ZEALAND REPRESENTATION. CONSIDERATION BY CLUBS. (By Telegraph.—Pres? Association.) BLENHEIM, Saturday. Mr G. M. Spencer, president of the New Zealand Aero Club, in an interview states that the club is placing the matter of New Zealand representation In the Centenary -aero race before the constituent clubs, with a view to ascertaining the possibility of obtaining the support of the clubs, the public and the Government in providing a suitable machine to enable New Zealand pilots to participate in the race, and afterwards fly to New Zealand, Iho ownership of the machine to be retained by New Zealand. He added that the suggestion originated from ihe Auckland Aero Club, while the Canterbury Aero Club -had made an additional suggestion that a sufficient prize should be offered by New Zealand to induce all competitors in the Centenary race to participate in a subsequent trans-Tasman race. Both matters are -being fully investigated by the New Zealand Aero Club, which will shortly make a further announcement.

cows have to be calved at a time when feed supplies are often Insufficient to meet the needs of the herd, calving in good condition Is of particular importance. There Is little dan-, ger under ordinary farming conditions of making a cow s-o fat as to interfere' with her production. Artificial Methods Oondemned, Feed.—While, with the exception of breeding, feed -of the cow has the greatest influence of all factors on a cow’s total milk and fat production, it does not have a very great influence upon the test of the milk providing the cow is given plenty of food of the right type. Bad feeding, however. may affect the test. Thus the feeding of -badly, balanced unsuitable foods may depress the test. Also, when food is limited the test may rise slightly though the actual fat yield will drop -owing to the greater fall in milk yield. When the feed is Increased the milk yield will Increase and the test may drop, though not necessarily so. Thus when cows have been grazing, poor pasture and are subsequently moved to good grass.the milk yield will go up but a slight reduction in test may be noted. Artificial attempts to raise tests are likely to prove not only futile but also dangerous to the health of the cow. Efficiency of milking.—lt Is well known that the strippings are the richest portion of the milk and that careful and efficient stripping -of the cow is essential in order to obtain the maximum test. Fore-milk contains least fat of all. the milk becoming progressively richer as milking proceeds. For example, it has been found in a typical case that, the fore-milk contained only 0.5 per cent, fat, whilst the strippings tested 8 per cent., the average test of all the milk being 4.5 per cent. Frequently strippings may test as high as 15 per cent, and over In the case Of high-testing cows. Quite apart from the necessity for clean stripping in order to obtain the highest test of the milk, quiet rapid milking has a stimulating effect on the cow.

Effect of Weather. Season of the year.—ln spite of other factors operating, the season of the year produces an effect upon the test of Ihe milk. The effect of season is probably related to the previous factor mentioned of feed. When pasture is luscious 1n the early spring and summer the test of the milk is slightly reduced. It tends to be highest in the winter time and lowest in the early spring and summer. Weather. —Weather affects the test as well as the yield of milk of cows. Any condition which affects the yield of milk generally affects also the test, though not necessarily so. Excessively cold conditions or strong winds may reduce the yield and ,’ncrease the test. Excessively hot conditions often ■are the cause of a reduction in test. Experiments in America have shown that between SO deg. F. and 40 deg. F. the test increases approximately O.tri to 0.2 per rent., for each 10 deg. lowering of the temperature. Herein lies the necessity for the provision of adequate shelter and shade, for the dairy herd. 111-health. —Any condition affecting Ihe health of (lie cow may affect, the test. Mammitis in one or more quarters generally reduces the test of the milk of those quarters and lienee of Ihe whole milk. Tiie extent of ihe reduetion will depend upon the extent, of Die infection. The effect, of oestrum (heat periodl may he mentioned here. Thouffh hardly a condition of ill-health, the normal behaviour of the animal is altered, usually with a consequent effect upon the milk. Much depends upon the temperament of the cow. Some hold up their milk —'Others milk as usual. Generally, the test, of the milk Is increased. Variation Due to Age. Asre.—The age of the cow lias little effect upon test. Tlie Increase in production as the row matures is dim to an increase in milk yield. The lest tends In decrease gradually by very small amounts for about lon iarta lions. It- then appears to rise. The total range of variation is about 6 per rent, of the initial lactation lost. Thus for all practical purposes a heifer's lactation lest may be considered as her probable lest for her lifelime, Goiieral factors. —While the above factors play a part in affecting variations in the lest, of milk, there are others not yet understood and there fore beyond control. A good dairy row is just as subject, to variations in working capacity, due to environment and physiological conditions, as the most active of mankind. It. is weil recognised that human beings vangreatly in their activities from day to day; so also do cows. Just as human beings can be judged by their average actions so also can animals, including dairy rattle.

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