HOHENZOLLERNS MUST CO.

Waikato Times, Volume 88, Issue 13432, 10 March 1917, Page 1 (Supplement)

HOHENZOLLERNS MUST CO.

ONLY ROAD TO PEACE. (Daily Express New York Correspondent.) Remarkable- interviews with famous representative Frenchmen on the question of peace terms have been obtained by Air Arno Dosch-Fleurot and Air Edward Marshall, and have teen eableu. here. M. Joseph Reinach, in one of these interviews, makes the following emphatic declaration: — "There must bo no peace with the Hohenzollerns. It is they who haw wrought infamy upon tue German race, and they must be done away with. William 11. must be treated like Napoleon. In fact, there was- some t-x----cuso for Napoleon, coming, as he did, at the climax of the greatest revolution in history. For the Kaiser there is no extenuating oircumtance. -He deliberately threw a neacetul Europe into a .state of war. Certainly he should receive no more kindly treat ment than Napoleon, against whom all the nations of Europe combined. So we must first, defeat the Kaiser upon t-Jie battlefield, and then we must refuse- to treat with the German people until they get rid of their curse, the house of Hohenzollern.

'"How they settle their internal affairs is not our concern. Let them re main an empire af they wish, not an empire of Germans dominating other races i as formerly. Let the..; name the King of Bavaria, emperor il they like. Let them become a republic."

DISMEMBERMENT. "How are you going to force the Germans to rid themselves ot the llohenzollerns?" he was asked.

"By telling them that « the only way they can have peace. We have no purpose of anniliilating the German people, but they may force us-to the dismemberment of their empire if they persist in standing by the crimes of the Hohenzollerns.

"Soui© time soon —not yet, as the German people are not ready for it—we should announce that we will not even consider the question of peace until the Hohe.nzollerns are removed. That will give the Germans-. something to think about] Just let them draw the parallel with Napoleon." M. Yves Guyot, interviewed by Mr Edward Marshall for the Sun. endorses M. Reinach's view.

"How can the world best readjust itself, alter the war ends, so as to overcome the bad effect of the vast waste of men and money " Mr Marshall asked the great economist. M. Guyot replied:—

"Readjustment only will bo possible if our victory, is effective and complete. This victory, if it is to prevent future world disasters, must have as its result the dismemberment of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The Allies .should act toward the German Emperor as the Allies of 181445 acted' toward Napoleon. After he had been vanquished, those who had been forced to fight to the death in order to preserve their ow • from him declared their firm deteriuiiia.

tion not to treat with him nor anv member of his family. In the same way the pre6ent-day Allies must declare, a-

soon as they have won this war, that they never will make peace through treating with any member of theHohenzollern family or any member of the Hapsburg family."

END OF MILITARISM. M. Guyot elaborated this point with great emphasis. ' Prussian militarism only can be destroyed through the dissolution of the Gorman Empire. "As the empire now is constituted, Prussia mu6t play a predominant role jn it because of the territory which she ■occupies and the population which she" represents. A method which will establish permanent do ace, therefore, necessarily will begin by reducing Prussia on the. oriental frontier to the situation which she had before the partition of Poland in 1792.

"On the other hand, the Rhenish nro-v-inces and Westphalia have belonged to Prussia only since 1815, and Prussia did not want them when she took them. 1 hese provinces represent the industrial element of Prussia and therefore represent her wealth-nroducing power, ihey must bo accorded autonomy and liherated from Prussian militarism. Hannvor also must be detached from her.

It h the firm conviction of M. Guyot that Prussia will never be made barmless nil these events are brought about. will then play but a small part in Germany and an infinitesimal part in European affairs. She has proved her unwnrthiness to plav a great part. Even Germany as a whole does not wish her to. So peace should be signed by the Allies with the. representatives of the Bundesrath with the exception of the Prussian representatives. should not be permitted to participate at all."

"Will Germanv again be accepted into the fellowship of honest nations durins this generation or the next?" I was Mr Marshall's next question. M. Guvot tnid : "There no longer will be a German Empire a-'ter this war ends, nor will there be an Aust.ro-Hungarian Empire. Therefore we shall not find ourselves confronting the Governments which made tlrs war. "The Germans will he very depressed after the war. in Europe* which they will have turned aeainPt them: and they will be resigned. The German is very plastic. He. has home th? : desoot-

ism of the Kaiser of the Prussian junkers, of the military clique with the preatest docility. He will take his defeat in the same manner. His leaders will be furiou*. as thwarted malefactors always are. but he. unfortunate that he is. will be resigned and work hard to meet the terrible taxation which it will he his lot in life to heir." DISARMAMENT.

M. Gustave Rervo had net lcs= vita' things to sav "ben he was interviewed by M- TW" ! '-r : "Wh*>t ib-. 'rent mass of French workman wint n c ° seouel to this war is disarmament. They want war to h?.-

ecrp" impe«isihle. "To make this condition 'ast ; n£r they believe in the creating of an international gendarmerie, a constabulary maintained by all the states of Europe, which would automatically turn in a bodv against the first State that became unruly or aggressive. "That's what the French workmen want—freedom, not only for themselves. bat for every one in Enrone. and to get

The story of tungsten is a romance, in the world of metals. Recently the price of tungsten has soared to the sky, and the reason for this, together with the tale of its discovery and the part it plays in manufacturing —particularly of munitions—is told by the '"Technical World." It appears that in 11>>2 tungsten ore was discovered in the Mo,ja\e desert by a Swede named Peter Osdiek. -Many claims were pegged out, but at a- pound sterling tor tweuty pounds' weight of ore it- did not pay, and so ilie prospectors one by one sold out for a low dollars to Osdiek and departed, j Osdiek hung on. Last winter he sold fourteen tons of tungsten lor exactly CD'Hlfi.

j "'Tungsten," says the writer. "Is the m;-l stubborn <>i metals. It is harder than the best razor-steel, so bard thatonly the diamond, hardest of all known substances, and corundum will cut it. It is two and a-half time-; heavier than iron, and it is one-third stronger than the best tensile steel. It oxidises 1 — J rusts' —about as reluctantly as gold, and thi- common acids cannot dissolve it. "Furthermore —and this is an extremely important point—it is praeti- ! cally impossible to melt- tungsten. Steel molts at sixteen hundred degrees Cel- j s:us. Twice that heat- fails to turn the solid tungsten metal into a fluid. Even the electric furnace, the nearest approach to the apex of temperature so feelingly described by Billy Sunday, fails to move tungsten. In other words, a tool made out of pure tungsten eoukl slice into a hundred pieces the toughest armor-plate over made without so much as stopping to take a breath—without losing its cutting edge.

| "But tungsten, even if it were pos- ; sible to work it into a cutting edge, is too expensive a metal to be used pure. Fortunately, though, it was discovered some eighteen years ago that- it would go into steel as paprika goes into Welsh rarebit, and that a relatively small quantity of tungsten alloy would impart to the steel thus treated the virtues of the pure tungsten metal to an astonishing degree. Just why, the scientists do not know. It was discovered that a slight admixture cf tungsten produced a stepl that was harder than a miser's heart, and would stay hard and sharp under almost- any temperature arising out of the ordinary industrial processes?

"Suppose a steel shaft was to be machined with the old equipment. It was put into a lathe, a machine weighing perhaps fifteen or twenty tons, the cutting edge of the finest carbon toolsteel was adjusted against the. shaft, and the shaft made to revolve, the tool trimming doAvn the steel column. But the cutting proceeded at a snail's pace. Steel cutting through steel engenders great heat, and the temperature rises the faster the tool moves through the material. If the lathe was speeded up, the tool would get excessively hot, and, presto! its temper, its cutting edge, was gone. It would make no impression on the shaft. So the speed of all the tremendously heavy machinery designed to work iron and steel was held down far below its capacity because a two-pound piece of tool-steel was not equal to the demand upon it.

"And then tungsten steel appeared. Put to work on the steel shaft mentioned above, the cutting edge of the tungsten-steel performed the work in ono-oigluh of the time required by a carbon-steel tool. If the machine with the old tool-steel was limited to fifty revolutions per minute, with tungsten steel it could be speeded up .to 400 and - revolutions without softening "he fool. Tungsten steel did not care, how hot it got, it kept its temper pure and sweet. And when the cutting edge of tungsten-steel finally became dulled, it did not have to be heated, shaped, tempered, and sharpened laboriously in the blacksmith shop. It was sent to the corundum wheel, where the edge was restored in a few minutes. ''The. output of the machines —and of the men handling them increased miraculously. New and heavier machines /capable of still greater speed were built, machines in which a numl>enf' of tools were arranged 1 like the blades of a gang-plough, performing foujj and, five operations simultaneously, Tri.ohe" eighth of the time formerly required rfor a single 7>TOcess. In other words, a lathe which, with the old carbon-steel cutting head, could turn, say, five rear-axle housings in an hour, was able, with a tungstensteel cutting edge, to finish fiftv in the wiip t:me without a mite of additional labor cost.

"Immediately after rolling up his sleeves, John Bull went out to buy powder, guns, and shells by the million—no matter what the cost. Guns and shells were not to bo had. New ammunition factories by the dozen shot up in New and Old England, in France, Italy, Russia. Japan, Canada, Australia. From all the world arose a clamor for the tool-steel of which tungsten was the principal ingredient; from 75 cents a pound the price of tungsten-steel soared to three dollars. All through 1915 the demand for toolsteel and for tHngsten went up. From twenty-five cents a pound tungsten concentrate climbed to a dollar, to two, three, four, and five dollars. On the Mojavo desert the capitalists who had acquired the cream of the tungsten claims put three hundred men to work, 'built a pine-line to carry water to the camp, enlarged the mill, and ran it day and night. Almost overnight the little camp, now the principal source of American tungsten, became of world importance."