FARM, GARDEN, AND ORCHARD NOTES.

Waikato Times, Volume XXXIV, Issue 2763, 29 March 1890, Page 6 (Supplement)

FARM, GARDEN, AND ORCHARD NOTES.

Cooked and Uncooked Pood tor J Pigs.—The result of an experiment oon- l' tinued at the Maine Agricultural College throe to four months of eaoh of the nine x years since its beginning affords, the st report says, evidence that-all money and ■" labour expended in cooking meal for w swine was more than thrown away. 1' Bramleys Seedling Apple.—Apple t , Bramley's Seedling is highly recommenr ded as a cooking and market variety. It is fit for use as early as Keswick iCodlin, '• and keeps into the following spring. It is of large size, specimens sometimes weighing 20 ounces ; a constant and heavy bearer and a robust grower ; it always commands a ready sale in England, the public buying it in preference of all others. It is already in the colony, and o ought to receive a trial by all fruit- a growers. 1' Tasmanian Fruit Growers and the f Codlin Motii.—The chairman of the o Mersey Fruit Board, writing to the Tas- < - manian on the Codlin moth, says that the I Mersey Fruit Board has adopted the plan of letting out a spraying machine on hire, b but regrets that it was not so widely, | used as was hoped, though where it was < used the effects were manifest. In one i orchard, where the pest was of long, j! standing and very severe, it is reported ; that no moth is found, and in every case benefit haß resulted. There is, he is 1 persuaded, no reasonable doubt that by ' spraying the trees when the bloom has j just dropped, and again' after a week or t 10 days'delay, the moth can be extermi- 1 nated ; 120 gallons of water to lib of ] London parple seem the best proportion, t Grass must not be grazed, nor vegetables ' used, upon which the spray has fallen '! until after rain. The London purple at j this strength does not injure the hands.< I He believes that were spraying made as j compulsory as bandaging three years , would annihilate the moth at small cost. The Advantages of Keeping the j Surface of the Soil Loose.—When the i heat of the sun is groat it makes the air ! expand. Directly the air begins to grow : warm it bogins to take up moisture. The warmer the air the more moisture it will, take. Very cold air is very dry air, and what moisture there is in it at 0 deg. Fahr. or zero is practically ice spicules. If hot air comes into contact with a cold surface—say 10 deg. colder—a lot of moisture is at once deposited. Breathe upon a looking glass, and at once will be seen the effect of hot air on a cool surface. Breathe upon hot iron, and no suoh effect will be observed. Any and every loose broken Burface is much cooler than a solid hard surface when the sun is shining upon it. A pile of bricks will become . almost red hot all through, and "as dry ' as a brick." The surface of. a sand hill will become very hot, but at a foot deep i the sand is cool and damp. The caked ; surface of the earth will become hot to the depth of several feet, and all the ; moisture will escape. But if the surface > is kept continually loose, the soil will be cool, and the hot, moist air will deposit ' moisture, because the. soil is cooler, and because the air can come into contact with 1 it. 1 Tiie Northern Spy Apple.—Writ- } ing in defence of the Northern Spy Apple, which some one had tried to de--8 preciate, a correspondent of the New York j. Tribune writes" So good an apple J needs no defence to those who know its merit; but unfortunately not every one as yet is well acquainted with its superior [[ qualities. Select strong, vigorous trees f that have made healthy growth. Plant 1 not less than 40 feet distant each way; a two rods apart I have found much too 1 close. The first 10 years the ground should receive annual cultivation, and a r * hoed crop of some kind can also be grown e without detriment to the young orchard. 10 The natural habit of this tree to send up an upright, thick growing crop requires '' constant attention, that this tendency 18 may be overcome, to this end, all super- '® flous branches should be thinned out, the top left open, the leading upright shoots 1 cut back, thus forming a shapely and l well-balanced top. After bearing age, usually 15 or 18 years from planting, the r " weight of fruit, pressing the branches n downward, will be found sufficient to ¥ obviate the necessity of continuing the ; back cutting process. But it is impera- '° tive that, for production of highly coloured, sizable and well flavoured fruit, an open and well thinned top be still retained." i n Improvement of Beef and Dairy - 0 Cattle.—ln connection with the improvej. meat of our beef and dairy breeds of l e cattle it may be interesting to mention n what is done in America. Some of the le members of the Holstein Friesian Assoie ciation were not satisfied with the mere j t entering of the pedigree of animals in the Herd Book, so they started what they call an Advanced Registry, and no cow is } f admitted until she produces a given _ quantity of milk or butter in a stated g time, and the quantity is very large. Some cows attain an average of 60 lb. of [I milk in 24 hours. The eow has, in adding tion, to pass a certain standard of points —75 out of 100 points—so all cows j entered in this advanced registry are first class milkers, and have good shapes as well; and, of course, they are in[jj creased ia value, because they are so k valuable for both milking and breeding. • e Bulls are not entered in the Advanced (S Registry until three of their progeny are' ) 8 tsix months old, when their shapes can be r seen. Bulls have also to pass a scale of points—Bo out of 160 points.—Three other cattle breeding associations in America 0 have followed this good example. The members of another Holstein Friesian j Society take further steps to improve the g quality of their bulls. The fee for entering bull calves is 5 dol., but if any e member has some pure bred bull calves Q not quite up to the mark, he receives a e bonus of 5 dol. for each calf he castrates. ig He thus saves 10 dol., equal to £'2, on each r bull calf he makes a steer. And the ' result of tbsis is a great improvement in the quality ;of the bulls entered in the j. Herd Book. If something of this kind could be done in oonneotion with the beef j and dairy breeds in this country a rast y 1 improvement would soon be effected. ,f Wide Planting or Fruit Trees.— e The following interesting evidence respecting the value of thin planting fruit ,s trees is given in the Amerioan Country ir Gentleman :—lt is usually admitted that ,t trees of fruit are more profitable when 1 ; standing alone than in orchards. Such p trees are freer to send out roots, as well lt as to receive a greater abundance of j sunshine and better circulation of air. s For several years we have had an illus-. tration of these advantages in a White Pippin, whioh stands alone near the s barn. It has grown vigorously, sending a out its branches laterally, until it oovered a quite an area. Notwithstanding its fc annual load of fruit, varying from 10 to e 25 bushels, it shows no sign of decay, as do other trees of the same variety in the orchard, planted at the same time. It has been froo to grow as it chooses, with occasional pruning and no cultivation. The fruit is much superior to the same kind grown in the orohard, and wo can depend upon orop from the tree whether the season is favourable or not. Such a tree yields very profitable returns with comparatively no labour. In the orchard, trees sometimes have no fruit on one side, ; because of the proximity of others. In time those unproductive sides, beoause of absence of sunshine, begin to decay, which is very injurious to tho tree. Not so with the tree fully exposed, The chestnut, for example, seldom is productive in a thick wood, but when it stands alone it bears the greatest number of nuts that are fully matured. I think the odd corners about the premises oan be used to no better advantage than by planting them with such trees as are long-lived and can take care of themselves when grown. It is not hard to find a number of s«ch apo.ta, aa fence oorners, corpers of lots, and unobserved places on tha lawn, It may require strong protection for the young trees in these out- { of-the-way places to prevent injury from stock, but the return will mor.e th»a balance the trouble,

Notices. |3R ACTIO AL ..CHRISTIANITY. ro.B THE SPECIAL BENEFIT OF No«Churchsoers. Truk Christian Religion. intelligently understood, comes not to add to men's burdens but to removc.'tbeni. «-' , -For God*sentnot'hi«"Son>int«»» the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved.'; John Its leading doctrines, adapted to the uas of this New Age. are summarised as follows — There is one God, in whom is a Divitie "' Trinity of Love; arid' OpVratioi*;"'"' and He is the Lord Jesus Christ. Saving Faith is to believe in Him. Evils are to be shunned, Because they are of the devi! and from the devil. , Gopd Works ought to be done, .became . they are of God and from God, and l f. ought to be done by rnan.ai. of himself, but with the belief that they are from the Lord, operating in him by him. ' , ' ' ' There are two things which constitute the essence of God—love_ and wisdom. And there are thre* which constitute the essence-.of Uts love —to love others out of Himself; to desire to ; be one with them ; and to make theiji happy front Himself, The same three constitute the esieeee. ol His wisdom ; because love and wiidom 1 i* God make one, and love wills these things,aad wisdom accomplishes them. True Christua ;j, Religion, No. 43. . The word of God is Divine truth clothed ia; human language, and adapted to the varied' states of the human heart, that thus a man may . - know God, and learn td know and do His will. *- "If ye continue in My word, then are ye My disciples indeed." John ;viii. 31. - "Thcrtfpre;. all things whatsoever ye would that men. sfafuld do unto jou: do ye even so unto them ; for this is the law and the prophets. Matt. vii. •. ; The Ten Commandments point out what eVili * ai'e to be shunned in order that mea may attain eternal life._ . "That it:is not se difficult to live the life. o f heaven as if ccmmonly believed is evident from • this—that whenany thing presents itself that baa knows to be insincere and unjust, to which his' mind is disposed, he need not only think that jt ought not to be done because It is contrary t« -- the Divine commands. If a man accustom* himself so to tbink, and from custom derives the habit, he is then by degrees conjoined to heaven,;; ,f and in' so far as heisconjoined to heave*,' the' "" higher degrees of his mind are opened! and in *•,, far as these are opened he sees what is insincere' and unjust; and in so far as he sees these evih they can be shaken off, lor it impossible that aaf evil can be shaken off until it be seen. This . state into which a man may enter from freedem ; for who is not capable from freedom of thinking in this manner ? But when he has made a' beginning all goods are wrought in him by the Lord, and He causes him not only to sen nvils,butal- : , sonot to will them, and finally to become averse to them. This is meant by the Lord's words, "My yoke is easy and My burden is light. • Matt. xi. 30 But it should be known' that the difficulty of so thinking, and likewise of resisting evils, increases in proportion as a man from the ' wills commit evils, for in so far he become! accustomed to them, until at length he does not. ' see them, and afterwards loves them, and frem tbe;delight of love excuses them, and by all kinds. of fallacies confirms them, and declares that they are allowable and good. But this occurs ifith those .who. in the ageof adolescence plunge inte evils as ifwithout restraint, and at the same time reject Divine things from the heart." —" Heaven and Hell," No. 533. This advertisement, though containing truth for all, is especially published for the benefit oi who from any cause do net profit by ordinary religious,miai*trations. Those who - approve -of. the doctrines here enunciated, and who desire te assist ih the work of disseminating them, are vited to communicate with Mr Earnest Braby, Secrotary to the Sydney New ChurchXiteratare Committee, Temperance Hall, Sydney, who will be glad to afford all necessary information. The works of Emanuel Swedenborg, and cognate literature, may be obtained from Messrs Turaec and Henderson, Hunter-street, Sydney. ' i " The Doctrine of Life" will be forwarded ' i gratis and post free to all persons who apply for ' the same to the Book Committee, Temperance . Hall, Pitt-street.