EXTRACTS FROM LATE PAPERS.

Wellington Independent, Volume II, Issue 85, 5 August 1846, Page 3

EXTRACTS FROM LATE PAPERS.

The extensive locomotive engine ranmi y < factory at Forth Banks, Newcastle, the property of Messrs. Hawthorn, was destroyed by fire early in February. The damage is estimateu at £20,000. How to Prepare Chbap Pain.t.—Take one. bushel of unslacked lime and slack it with cold water; when slacked, add to.it SOlbg. of Spanish whiting, 17 lbs. of salt, and 12 lbs. of sugar. Strain this mixture through a wire sieve, and it will be fit for use after reducing with cold water. This is in. tended for .the outside buildings, or where it is exposed to the weather, in order to give a good colour, three coatß are necessary on brick, and two on wood. It may be laid on with a brash similar to whitewash. Each coat must have sufficient time to dry before the next is applied. JFor inside paining inside walls, take as before, 1 bushel of unpacked lime, 3 lbsl of sugar,'slbs. of salt, and prepare as above, and apply with a brush. I have used it on jhrick, and find It we'll calculated to preserve them ; it is far preferable to oil paint. I have used it on wood, ana assure you that it will last longer" rough siding than oilp*int will on plained siding or boards. TTou can make any colour you please. If you wish straw colour, use yellow ochre instead of whitenings for slemon cdlou-, ochre and chrome yellow; for lead or slate colour, lampblack; for blue, for green, chrome green. The different'kinds of paint will not cost more than onefourth as mudh as oil paints, including the labour of putting on. Core for the Croup.—Slice or cut onions, then cover them with pulverized sugar.(«ither white or brown;) the. juice of the onion will dissolve the sugar. When given to the patient in small quantities it will give immediate relief. Domestic Yeast.—Persons who are in the habit of making their own bread cau easily manufacture their own ye*st, by attending to-the following directions. 'Bdi'l one pound of good flour, a quarter of a pound of brown sugir, and a little salt, in two gallons of water, for an hour; when milkwarm, bottle it, and cork it close, and it will be fit for use in twenty-four hours. One pound of this yeast will make eighteen pounds of bread. Ambricak Politics—A .flood of diplomatic and official correspondence has come over from ihe Unite i States, completing fhe get to whish PresU dent Polk's message belonged. It is not calculated to raise'the national character in European estimation. Ability, of a kind, ef course there is ; .for some sort of capacity is essential to the attainment of office, in a republic; but the 4ow tone of the morals traceable throughout implies a.low standard of intellect. To say that the United States seem to have set aside their real statesmen, to the condition that*tbis country would on in if deprived of its Parliamentary statesmen and Metropolitan press, aud left to its borough politicians and provincial newspapers, would be to libel,many of oqr distant contemporaries, and many an aspiring Town Clerk or Common Councillor. But in the American public writings, the height of ambition seems to be to, obtain an advantage. Inordinate grasp tff appropriatioivbecause it deals with proi vipces, things materially big, is confounded with ! grestness of purpose. At their warrant, the political moralists of the 'Union naively literalize the | satirical remark, that a great conqueror is only a robber on a great scale.-: they seem to think that I to rob on a great scale is to be great, and that all j the World has agreed that U Is. We have heard that sHch is .a grand cannon of private life in the Union: it now appears in their national documents. Alas, that a gTest nation should wriie itself down a j knave.—Spectator, I Imhbnsb id's-, of Mahqgaky.—A most eij traordinaty log of mahogany, lately imported from j Cuba, is now tobe seen at the east wood wharf of [ the West India Import Dock. We-were not able I to ascertain its cubic measurement, but so immense | is the mass that it has attracted the attention of all i persons engaged in the trade. lis qualities of grain and texture are said to surpassiits dimenstions. It is the property of Mr. Deletti, who has purchased | it for the large sum of £1000. j Grain Growing in the United States.— I While in the valley of the Mississippi, the author was astonished at the cheapness and abundance of bread and meit. He inquired how it was possible j for the farmers to sell their wheat at 2s. per bushel, and their maize, rye, barley, and oats, at 8d ? Why, sir, my friend , in Indiana, has got this year i 2000 acres of wneat in one .patch, which at 26 bushels to the acre, amounts -to 50.0U0 bushels. The thrashing by our simple machines, and the cradling afc harvest time, enable him 4o get through the work much quicker than is done in Europe, and in this poor country 25.000 dollars is a large sum to receive in a heap for his crop of wheat, and as carriage is nothing on our rivers, or next to nothing, there ore few deductions. There is always sufficient solar heat to insure .good crops, the only danger being'fiom drought, but there has never been a failure since 1 luve been in the country. Now you see how we can grow wheat to pay us at 2s. per bushel or as you say in England, 16s. per quarter, and it is never likely to be dearer.—-Rubig's Rambles in the "United States. Berlin, November 39.—The Government will appropriate 50,000 dollars next year in the completion of the Cologne Cathedral. The King has just "bought the wine vase and the cup with which Luther used to administer the sacrament. Thej are of silver, gilded in the inside. The cup resembles an ordinary goblet, but is more oval than round ; the vase has the form of a jug, and is of admirable workniinship; it is covered with subjects respecting the passions of ihe Saviour. The home of the famous Jewish ph.los»pher, Mendelssohn, i« this city, has just been purchased for 35,000 dollars by the Jewish Commune of Ber. lin j it is to be concerted into a fee school for the education of poor Jewish children. Lord Ellenborobgh.—A few not unexpected shiftings among the ssats in the Cabinet are announced ; and a vacancy thus occasioned, at the bead of the Admiralty, is to be filled by the Earl of Ellenborough. The admission of this nobleman to the ministry is so hazardous an experiment that it can hardly be supposed that Sir Robert Peel acts voluntarily in the matter. It is generally imputed to the Duke of Wellington—the Ean's personal . fiiend, his unflinching defender even on Indian grounds, and the indulgent interpreter of his "song

of triumph." "The ptiKHc M\\ innvi'aWy regard •the proceeding as ptrt of the.general arrangement between the Premier and the Dakf. on the smject of the Corn-'aws,:the first instalment in th- price of repeal. It will scarcely b-i the L-ss disliked in the in tbe City, because no necessary connexion be felt to exist between the Corn-law question and the Karl,-though much between him and'lndian affairs, sill in an unsettled state; and in commercial quarters sympathy has sided altogether wth the East India Directors. The appointment, we say, is hazardous ; but we do not know that it is a bad one. Lord Eilenborough may be considered as being newly put upon his tria] ; unfavourably as respects some impressions of the past, perhaps favourably as respects the choice of ,an office for him. His general abilities are undoubted. In the particular department bis energies may have legitimate vent, without endangering any interest. Ills no -matter how formidable, or even how ardent and fierce our navy nrght be rendered—the more efficient every tool can be made, the mare powerfully and also the more delicately it can be used; it is your blunt knife that makes the worst hacking. Our navy might, too, be greatly improved by the admlnstratioa of some vigorous mind not shackled by .routine, but ready to meet altered rtimes and aspects with new appliances. The true policy is, not to have an effectual or dulLarm of war, but prudent counsels: anil the question therefore is, not whether the war ministers are tame folks, but whether the civil members of the council, who determine ou peace or war, are prudent men.—Spectator.

TERMS OF PURCHASE FOR LANDS IN THE COMPANY'S SETTLEMENTS.

The Company has already acquired very extensive tracts of land in the North Island of New Zealand, and has despatched two expeditions for the purpose of purchasing other lands, and of selecting the most eligible district for the first and principal settlement, The Company, in the first place, offered for sale •99,000 acres of Country Land, 990 acres of Town Land, in their first and principal Settlement, after making reserves for ihe special use of'the natives. These lands thus offered have been disposed of at £l per acre, jthereby realizing to the Company a Land Fund of ,£99,990, and the rights of the parchasers thereof to priority of choice in the Settlement, have been determined by lot. The Directors are now ready to receive applications for Country Lands, to the extent of 50,000 acres, in sections of 100 acres each, at the price of £100 per section, or £l per acre, to be paid in fall, in exchange for the land-orders, which will entitlethe holders thereof, or their agents, to select Coaatry Sections accordingly, either at the Company's principal Settlement, or at Hokianga, Kaipara, Manukau, the Islands of Waheise and Paroa, the borders of the Thames, or any other part of the present or future territories of the Company, so soon as the requisite surveys thereof shall have been completed. The holders will, therefore, select at pleasure, out of all the Company's territories which shall then be surveyed as -Country Sections, a section.of 100 acres for each land-order, in tbe order in which the Land-orders shall be presented to the Company's resident officer in New Zealand. The land-orders will be transferable at tne pleasure of the holders; and a registry will be kept at the Company's Offices in London, and in the Settlement, as well of original land-orders, as of all transfers thereof. Of to be paid to the Company by purchasers, 25 per cent, only will be reserved by the Company for local expenses and otaei purposes. The remainder, being 75 per cent., will be laid out by the Company for the exclusive benefit of the purchasers, in given value 4o the land sold, by defraying the cost of emigration to tbe Settlements. Original purchasers of intending to emigrate, will be entitled to claim from the Company, out of the Fund set apart for emigration* aa expenditure equal to 60 per cent, of their purchasemoney, for a free passage for themselves, their families, and servants, subject to the Company's regulations. Purchasers to the extent of at least 300 acres, not intending to emigrate, will also in special cases, be allowed to nominate their landagents for a free cabin-passage to the Settlements. Purchasers proceeding to New Zealand in ships not chartered by the Company, may at their option receive in money the allowance of £60 for each £100 of their purchase-moneys, towards the coat of their passage; and in such cases, special landorders will be issued requiring the Purchasers ia person to take possession of the laud within eighteen months. The remainder of the fund set apart for emigration, will be laid out by the Company in providing a free passage for young persons of the labouring class, and, as far as possible, of the two sexes in equal proportions,. Labourers selected by purchasers for a free passage, must be subject to approval by the Company, as respects age, sex, and good character l . In the selection of labouring emigrants, the Company will give a preference to applicants who shall be under engagement to work for capitalists intending to emigrate. A scale of the rates at which cabin and steerage passages will be provided by the Company in proportion to the purchase-money of land-orders, will be exhibited from time to time at the Company's office, The land-orders are to be received as sufficient conveyances, and conclusive evidence of the Company's title; and a certificate of an officer of the Company in the settlement authorised in that behalf, mentioning the.section fallen or assigned to the lot of any land-order, is to be accepted as sufficient evidence thereof, aud as an actual delivery of the possession of the section mentioned in such certificate ; ami the Company are not to be considered as guaranteeing .the title, except as against their own acts, and the acts of those deriving title under or iv trust for them. Forms of tbe land orders may be seen on application at the Company's office. By order of the Directors. JOHN WARD, SecretaryNew Zealand Land Company's Office, 1, Adam Street, Adejphi,, December sth, 1833. ' ' -

We copy the following excellent address of Lord John Russell's to the electors of the City of London, from the London Morning Chronicle .— To the Electors op, the City of London. Gentlemen,—The present state of the country, in regard to its supply of food, cannot be viewed without apprehension. < Forethought and bold .precaution may avert any serious and procrastination may produce a state of suffering . which it isfrightful to contemplate. Three weeks ago it was generally expected that ■ Parliament would be immediately-called together. The announcement that Ministers were prepared . at that time to advise the Crown to summon Par» liament, and to propose on their>first meeting a j|t BUBpension of the import duties on corn, would have caused orders at once to be sent to various ports of Europe and America for the purchase and transmission of grain for the consumption of the United Kingdom. An Order in Council dispensing with the law was neither'necessary nor desirable. No party in Parliament would have made itself responsible for the obstruction of a measure so urgent and so baneficial. The Queen's Ministers have met, -and separated, without affording, us any promise of such seasonable relief. , It become us, therefore, the Queen's subjects to; consider how we can best avert, or at all events mitigate, calamities of no ordinary magnitude. Two evils require your consideration. One of; these is the disease in the potatoes, affecting very seriously parts of England and Scotland, and com-; mitting fearfal ravages in Ireland. The extent of this evil has not yet : been ascertained, and every week* indeed, tends either to reveal unexpected disease, or to abate in some districts the alarm previously entertained. But there is one misfortune peculiar to the failure of this particular crop. The effect of a bad corn harvest is, in the first place, to diminish the supply in the market, and to raise the price. Hence diminished consumption, and the privation of incipient scarcity, by which the whole stock is more equally dis-'j tributed over the year, and the ultimate pressure is greatly mitigated. But the fear of the breaking out of this unknown diseasein the potatoes induces, the holders to hurry into the market, end thus we have at one and the same time rapid consumption and impending deficiency—scarcity of the article; and cheapness of price. The ultimate suffering must thereby be rendered far more severe than it otherwise would be. The evil to which I have adverted may be owing to an adverse season, to a< mysterious disease in the potatoe, to want of science or of care in propagating the plant. In any of these cases, Government is no more subject to blame for the failure of the potatoe crop, than it was entitled to credit for the plentiful corn-harvests which we have lately enjoyed. Another evil, however, under which we are suffering, is the fruit of Ministerial counsel and Pailiamentary law. It is the direct consequence of an Act of Parliament, passed three years ago, on the recommendation of the present advisers of, the Crown. By this law grain of all kinds has ; been made subject to high duties oa importation., These duties are so contrived that, the worse the \ quality of the corn, the higher is the duty; so that,: when good wheat rises to 70s. a-quarter, the average priceof wheat is 57.8. or 58s. and the duty 15s. or ■ 14s. a-quarter. Thus the corn barometer points to fair, while the ship is bending under a storm. This defect was pointed oat many years ago by writer on the Corn Laws, and was urged upon the attention of the House of Commons when the present Act was under consideration. But I confess that, on the general subject, my views have, in the course of twenty years, undergone a great alteration. I used to be of opinion ihat corn was an exception to the general rules of political economy; but observation and experience have convinced me that we ought to abstain from all interference with the supply of food. Neither a government nor a legislature can ever regulate the corn market with the beneficial effects which the entire freedom of sale and' purchase are sure of themselves to produce. I have for several years endeavoured to obtain a compromise on this subject. In 1839 I voted for a committee of the whole House, with the view of supporting the substitution of a moderate fixed duty for the sliding scale. In 1841 I announced the intention of the Government of proposing a duty of Bs. a-quarter. In the past session I proposed the imposition of some lower duty. These propositions were successively rejected. The present First Lord of the Treasury met them in 1839, 1840, and 1841, by eloquent panegyrics of the existing system—the plenty it had caused, the rural happiness it had diffused. He met the propositions for diminished protection in the same way in which he had met the offer of securities for Protestant instances in 1817 and 1825—in the same way in which he met the proposal to allow Manchester, Leeds, and Birmingham to send members to Parliament in 1830. , The result of resistance to qualified concession must be the same in the present instance as in those I have mentioned. It is no longer worth while to contend for a fixed duty. In 1841 the Free-Trade party would have agreed to a duty of Bs. a quarter on wheat, and after a lapse of ten years this duty might have been further reduced, and ultimately abolished. But the imposition of any duty at present, without a provision for its extinction within a short period, would but prolong a contest already sufficiently fruitful of animosity and discontent. The struggle to make bread scarce and dear, when it is clear that part, at least, of the additional price goes to increase rent, is a struggle deeply injurious to an aristocracy which (this quarrel once removed) is strong in property, strong in the construction of our legislature, strong in opinion, strong in ancient associations, and the memory of immortal services. Let us, then, unite to put an end to a system which has been proved to be the blight of commerce, the bane of agriculture, the source of bitter divisions among classes, the cause of penury, fever, mortality, and crime among the people. But if this end is to be achieved, it must be gained by the unequivocal expression of the public voice. It is not to be denied that many elections for cities and towns in 1841, and some in 1845, appear to favour the assertion that free trade is not popular with the great mass of the community.

The Government appear to be waiting for some excuse to give up the present Corn Law. Let the people, by petition, by address, by remonstrance, afford them the excuse they seek. Let the Ministry; propose such a revision of the taxes as in their opinions may render the public burdens more just and more equal; let them add any other provisions which caution and even scrupulous forbearance may suggest; but let the removal of restrictions on the admission of the main articles of food and clothing used by the mass of the people be required, in plain terms, as useful to all great interests, and indispensable to the progress of the nation. have the honor to be, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, 'J. Russell. Edinburgh, November 22, 1846. At the close of some remarks on the hon. member's manifesto, the Morning Chronicle pointedly observes:— "*• On the mind and heart of the people of England the summons of "the Liberal leader will tell promptly and powerfully. Those spontaneous energies and efforts which our columns from day to day bear such ample witness, will receive a new impulse from the voice of a statesman whose name is ' strong' in ' associations,' and in the memory of 'services,' which, if less 'ancient' than those which constitute .the prestige of aristocracy, are not less potent to stir the national heart. The ' unequivocal expression of the voice' will fall louder and louder on the ear of a Minister faithless to his great trust, and reckless of his solemn responsibilities. The ' excuse' for which Lord ! John Russell charitably—perhaps justly—assumes the Government to be ' waiting/ will be presented in a form which ' excuse' never took before. With a force like that which wrenched Schedule A from a boroughmongering oligarchy, will the people of these realms now ' unite to put an end 1 to a system which has been proved to be the blight of commerce, the bane of agriculture, the source of bitter divisions among classes, the cause of penury, fever, mortality, and crime among the people.'"

The Debats gives the following as the news received at Marseilles from Algiers, dated the 23rd ult.:— " It appears that on the 19th, in the morning, Marshall Bugeaud was at Bargiel Bokna, with 2,500 men. Abd.el-Kader, with several thousands of Kabyle infantry under Ben Salem, gave ordrrs for an attack upon the French from the mountain, while he made a detour with his cavalry and fell upon their baggage. But -when tbe credulous mountaineers were opening their fire, Abd-el-Kader, instead of making the eicuit which would have led him towards the French camp, turned into a defile, which, passing on the south-east of the mountain of the Auled Azis, descends into the plain to the south of the Jurgara. By means of his telescopes the marshal observed this movement. The cavalry and all the baggage of tbe Emir were seen marching along the edges below the snow and on the flanks of the grand chain, which at that part rises to tbe height of nearly 7,700 feet. The French troops were immediately directed to the foot of the mountain, in order, if possible, to come up with, or intercept, the Emir and his Arabs, But he had got too far in advance, and almost impracticable paths, and various other obstacles, were in the way of the Marshal's tf oops. The unfortunate Kabyles were left to pay all the cost of the day. Between 3,000 and 4,000 of them were driven from their positions and forced to descend a deep ravine, falling as they went under the fire of a battalion stationed at its brink. On the following day the chiefs of the Bakna, of Mount Azama, and the surrounding tribes came to sue for peace, bitterly execrating the perfidy,of Abd-el-Kader, who, after placing them under our fire abandoned them without a blow. Ben Salem himself dared no longer remain in the Jurgura which he had so long kept in a state of agitation, and made off witb the Emir. From these events it is hoped that the circle of Ddliys will shortly become pacified, and that the Kabyles will resume their former' habits of trade with the .French." Iron Manufactures in Georgia.-— Among the resources of Georgia, now developing themselves, are her manufactures of cast and wrought iron located in the mountain region : several are now in operation, or springing into existence. In Cass county, twelve miles from Cassville, is a furnace where large quantities of hollow ware and other castings are made of a very fair quality. These sell at the factory at 4c. per pound. Bar iron is also made here, and sold at 6c,(and enough cannot be manufactured to supply the demand. A new establishment for the purpose of rolling and cutting nails is erecting on the High tower River. On Altooney Creek, one mile from the railroad, another furnace is now erecting for the purpose of manufacturing wrought-iron only. In a few years the people of Georgia need not look beyond the limits of their own State for any of these articles, and will also supply most of the cotton manufactures necessary for consumption. In Lean's Engine Reporter, for September last, the fuel consumption and mine-pumping performances of thirty-eight Cornish engines, are thuß given :—Consumed 2780 tons ot coal, and lifted 27 million tons of water, ten fathom high. The duty of the whole is, therefore, 53,000,000 lbs. (23,616 tons), lifted one foot high by the consump. tton of a bushel of coal. '. A Tinker mistaken for a Surveyor.—A letter from Florence, mentions the following curious anecdote. Some people took the measurements, and surveyed the ground from Vecchia to Rome secretly ; it came to the Pope's ears, and being very much enraged, he ordered that any one found with instruments for marking, &c, railways, should be arrested and put in prison. So one day some of his wise gendarmerie found a poor tinker travelling along with his tools, and pounced on him as a railway man; the poor tinker swore he was not, but they said his instruments were too like the others ; at last they determined to take him to a neighbouring convent of monks to be judged. The monks set him to mend a big cauldron, and finding out bis ability, before they gave a favourable sentence, made bim mend all the utensils of the coti. vent, which were riot a few, as the cunning priests live well.—steam Times. •--..•■