European News

Wanganui Chronicle, Volume 5, Issue 221, 7 February 1861, Page 3

European News

TO 26th NOVEMBER.

»'i : The Prince of IFales returned to England pri the 15th : November, after - a passage of 25 days, and after visiting his parents has returned to Oxford. Prince Alfred arrived at Plymouth from the Cape on 9th November. - : . - Parliament lias been prorogued from 6th November to 3rd January. Lord Mayor’s day (9th November) passed over with the usual, demonstrations. The only

ambassador present at the banquet was M. de Persighy, and what- was sai’dy itfs : well as wbat was not said, regarding continental affairs, w uot reassuring as to the likelihood of peace; ~The Great Eastern is to remain at Milford Haven during the winter. An important despatch, in favour of Italian independence, has been published by Lord John Russell.

Among the deaths dining the month are, tlie Dowager JEmpress of Russia, Earl Duudonald, Sir Chas. iVapier, Rev. Dr. Croly, Earl Manvers, the Duke of Norfolk. The John Bunyan, A\\nn, sailed from the Downs on the 12th Nov. for Wellington, and the Minerva on 17th Nov. for Canterbury, and Wellington, the latter with 110 passengers,, t Owing to the enormous drain of gold, tfie rate of discount has risen from 4 to 6 per cent. Wool sales commenced on 15th Nov. The attendance was good; and^prices .equal to the highest, obtained 'in AugustTastv ‘ The'avef age 4 advance was Id to l|d on Sydney and Port. Philip. America.— Mr. Lincoln has been elected President. This is a heavy blow to the slaveholders, who threaten disruption Uuion.

SCOTLAND. (From oer own Correspondent.)-

Glasgow, iVov. 24,1860, tfince I wrote you last we have had oust municipal elections, which on the wholepassed over very quietly. Only in two of the wards was there any thing like keenness of feeling—the Exchange and the Gallow-gate, Iu the former, Mr. Allen, who has served faithfully as a councillor for several years was turned out by Mr. Buchapan who was previously in the council as Dean of Guild. Mr. Allan-had,’ like every honest man spoken, out strongly on some occasions, and some of those who professed hitherto to sympathise with him in his views rewarded his straightforwardness by sending him to the right about. Iu the uallow-gate district Mr. James Thomson of Monteith Row, the famous bu.cher, though I suppose he never killed an ox or sheep in his life, was opposed by Mr. John Anderson,, the sou of Dr. Anderson of John Si. U. P..

Church,who was defeated by a large majority.. The diguity of Provost has been conferred on. Bailie Clouston who, I doubt not, will do the honours and duties with credit. Iu Edinburgh.' Mr. Duncan McLaren has come back to thecouncil, greatly without question, to the enjoyment of the Scotsman, which has a special regard for the worthy Ex-provost, and of the city clergy whose interests he has very spe- , cially attended to ! Joking apart, I think it a disgrace that we hpye not returned Mr. McLaren to parliament long ago. He is an incomparably abler man than any of our Scotch members, and would riot be long in the House' of Commons till lie made.himself felt. Our

Scotch representative is indeed very discreditable. Of the fifty members there are not half-a-dozen who can make a wiselike statement on any subject,—very decent men as. cotton spinners, calico printers, and country gentlemen, *but utterly unfit to be legislators. What do you think when 1 tell you that at this moment we have among us two Continental Empresses. She of Austria, poor woman, is iu wretched health, and has come front Vienna to Plymouth on her way to Madeira,

to try what a mild climate will do in the way of invigoration, aud she of France L here ; uo one cau say exactly why., Louis Wapoleon is altogether a mystery, and the movements of his cara sposa are part of it. Shu came to London without any kind of parade, remained there for a few .days and then, came to Edinburgh -where she staid a few days also, and now she has gone ik rtb to Perthshire. Some say that she is in high dudgeou with her royal husband for his treating Pio Nono' so roughly iu the recent Italian movements, for the Empress Eugenie is known to be a very devoted daughter of the Church, and cannot have seen without sorrow the way' in which the Holy Father has been cuffed, and has left Paris for a; season'that Louis may long for her return and promise to be a better boy to woo her back again, but I suspect the true reason is that the poor woman like her royal sister of Austria is in very /bad health, and has run away from the care and bustle,, and glitter, and excitement which she felt herself unable to endure, and has sought amidi the cold and damp of onr boreal climate thatrest and freedom which she could not find* amid the amenities of the F. each capital. It is supposed that after journeying here ai d

there for a few weeks she will reside'for some time with her friends'the Duke aud Duchess of Hamilton. The CarJross case has again began to excite attention, in consequence of Lord Jerviswood having given a deci ion against the-. Free Church. The decision referred to is not/, precisely on the merits of the case, and* consequently the position of the Free Church, amL indeed of all dissenting bodies in relation to >■ the law has not yet been determined, but it is obvious that there is reason to fear that a. decision may be given which will place all these bodies in the most humiliating and intolerable position. The effect of it will be to take from churches the.power to pronounce and exercise church censures on those who have voluntarily connected themselves with them, and it. is obvious that if this power be taken away, the act of Toleration is a mere nullity. From a rise in, the price of money, trade has rather been dull for a few weeks, and the rumour-mongers were ready to say that the approaching winter was likely to be a very severe one on our labouring population. The evil has in the meantime passed away by an accommodation between the Banks of England and France,:the surplus gold of the one beiug;

exclia iged for the surplus silver of the otherAt present we have the population well employed, and provisions by no means exorbitant in price.

The affairs of Italy are still in a very exciting condition. The Neapolitans have declared their wish to be annexed to Piedmont and the King has accepted, that is, King Emanuel; for poor Francis., Bomba the younger is still at Gaeta obstinately resolved apparently not to take the opportunity of escape which all parties wish to give him. It was announced that Austria was about to negotiate for a sale or cession of Venetia, but uow she is inflicting new rigours on that province. Perhaps like the evil spirit in scripture, she knows her reign is short and tears the victim before she leaves him, like an ill-conditioned outgoing tenant, who scourges the land at the close of the lease, Things are in a ferment, too, in For the first time a President, Mr. Lincoln, has been elected, who is opposed to the “• domestic institution.” The southerners are of course in a state of frenzy, and dissolution of the Union, and all other conceivable evils, are freely spoken of. Ihe fact of Mi'Lincoln’s election does speak significantly of the progress of sound views on the question of slavery. What now of the Maories ? I see that a park of artillery is to. be forwarded to you. Mind, that a short, sharp, bloody war, is attended after aJI with the least loss of human life.

AU-V2TIIA. The following is an extract of a letter, received from Venice: — “ Zfaviug just traversed Venetia from one extremity to the other, from the Min do to. the picture the heartrending impressions of that tour. Plie fair cities of Venice, Padua, Vicenza, Verona, once so thriving and populous, now seem huge deserts, where, scarce a sound strikes on the ear, save the clank of the Aus trian sabre, and not a face of' the remaining inhabitants but bears; the impress of the deepest anguish. Nothing casts such a gloom over a community as the entire absence of the youths of the. population, whose intelligence, life, and gaiety are the best features of a city. Now, with, the exception of some few labourers tied down to their inland farms, one might conclude that the present generation had been ■wholly swept off by some deadly plague. Since the peace of Viflafranca, 50,000 of the Venetian youths have emigrated from their homes, exclusive of the 25,000 volunteers enrolled in the Central Italian army, Venetia alone, having furnished 7000 or 8000. to /Sicily. Add to these, the lawless, a.rrests, the countless de-

portations, without trial or form, whatever, and then picture to yourself the moral conditions <?f these populations. Venice is now but an entrenched camp; nightly convoys of seventy or eighty carriages, crowded with fresh troops, arrive at the station of C’asarsa, to be stationed along the coast, from Grado to the mouth of the Piave. Latisana, Porto, Granaro, fy c. &c. swarm with troops, and as a landing along the coast is dreaded., the weakest points are incessantly fortified. The fetid miasmas of the marshes make fearful havoc amongst these troops, who are intended to support the two centres of Trieste a,nd Venice for the. defence of the coast; on all sides batteries, and forti- ' locations are starting up, and Prince Albrecht.

is daily awaited to assume the supreme com-' mand of .the army in Italy. The. Hungarian troops are despatched off to Poland and the provinces, owjng to the. spirit of nationality and insubordination they, manifest. la Italy there are only Poles, Croat?, Styriaus, and Carinthians. The officers are insolent and blustering, and openly discuss their entrance into Rome and Milan. The public spirit in Venetja is, however, equal to her misfortunes; a sublime, confidence prevails, and they regard their, deliverance as a mere question of time, otherwise this, afflicted country would become a vast necropolis. Not a family but mourns some absent member, happy when these are not martyrs or; victims.” A Vienna letter, states that" the Austrian Government, in order to prevent auy political demonstrations, has resolved to forbid masquerades and balls at Venice during carnival.

ITALY. On the 16th Oct., Garibaldi, took a, formal farewell of his own troops as their commander. He spoke to the following effect:— “I am glad to see my old companions in arms around me,, and I thank them, ail and each for what we have accomplished. W ith such men, nothing that is honestly great and loyally patriotic can be called impossible. I am convinced—l know—that more arduous duties will soon call upon us. I reckon upon . you, as you reckon, upon me. Besides the pride of having so many thousands of my countrymen around, me, my heart is, deepiy

moved by the sight of the noble representatives 1 of other nationsand let me, let us, thank the brave sons of Great Britain, a country which ■ is heart and soul with us, which has given us support of every kind, encouragement, money, arms, men; and let me thank our brave Hungarian, brethren in arms, who have shed theiii blood for us, and have always been, where danger was. The cause of Hungary and. Italy is the same one cause, and I, hope, gentlemen, that there is no Italian or other brave man here who will not be ready to follow me to do for 7/ungary what our Hungarian friends have done for us. (Vehement cheers, and excla : mations in, various languages,—‘Viva Ungherst!’ ‘Hurrah for Hungary!’ ‘Viva la i/ongrie ! ’ <§*c.) I thank you once more from my heart.” Garibaldi’s voice faltered more, than once. He began three times before lie to reprt i. the. deep emotion which aim,oat silenced

him. I need not, and I have no time, to speak of the effect produced. After he had finished, the troops marched away before him to their different posts amidst cries of inexpressible enthusiasm and brandishing of swords. Up to the 24th Oct. there was a complete lull at the camp, and Garibaldi was frequently in Naples paying visits or seeing sights-—rone day at Pompeii, the next at the Museum. On Punday, the 28th, he dined at the Hotel d’ Angleterre, in the Chiaja, and of course there was a vast crowd outside to see him and cheer him. He came upon the balcony several times to show himself, but never spoke till he was leaving, when he came forward and held up his forefinger, and the people raised a universal shout, “■ Una, Una, Una!” in which I joined ; “ Una, Una, Una ! ” again and again—so that I have no doubt Tiber (100 miles off) trembled underneath its banks to hear the replication of these sounds made on his concave shores. Then he spoke in a clear, full voice :—“My friends, you do not want me ; it is your own strong will that must make our beloved country One and free.” “ Una, Una, Una ! ” again responded through the air: The man looked so grand, so sublime, so godlike—the very front of Jove, only better looking, and how much more glorious his thunder ! The Daily News correspondent gives the following account of the meeting of King Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi on the 26th Oct. When the king made his appearance, followed by a brilliant staff, Garibaldi advanced to meet him. It was a curious sight. The elegant and splendid uniforms of the Piedmont-, ese officers contrasted curiously with the plain red; shirts of the Garibaldrans. The General himself wore his famous wide-awake, a plain red flannel shirt half covered by his American grey cloak, and a pair of black trousers. It is true that he had at his side his famous English sword of Calatafimi and Melazzo-r-a sword which is worth 'all the embroidered uniforms in the world. The two great leaders of Italian unity then cordially shook hands, and I could see by their faces that that shake of the hands was the expression of a true sentiment of affection on Garibaldi’s part, and of the greatest admiration on the king’s. The two staffs had halted at a certain distance, and listened with breathless expectation for the conversation of those two warriors. The King complimented the General by saying, that'without his daring expedition the unity of /taly would not have been a reality for ten years to come. "It may be, sire,” answered Garibaldi, "but I could not have attempted my expedition had not Victor Emmanuel been’the most noble and generous of Kings.” When the King and Garibaldi appeared in front of our columns the enthusiastic cries of 12,000 men saluted them. It was an imposing and curious scene to see those halfragged fellows forget the miseries of a long and harassing campaign in greeting the two men who personified the cause of their country. Victor Emmanuel seemed to be extremely gratified with his reception, and when the soldiers cried out, “ Long live the King of Italy! ” lie never failed to answer, “ Zong live Garibaldi! Long live liis army ! ” When tlia review was over Garibaldi and Victor Zmmanuel rode together towards Bellona, the two staffs following them at the distance of twenty yards. The King had decided to go and inspect the positions of Sant Angelo and I Cajazzo, and to have a near view of Gapua. Garibaldi accompanied him as far as Carmigliano, a ride of nearly an hour. Of course they talked freely on the present situation of the realm, and although their conversation was not heard by the officers of their staff, I have it on good authority that Garibaldi did not lose the opportunity of defending the policy he had followed after his arrival at Naples. An officer of Garibaldi’s staff told me that when he had parted from the King the General said, “ I did not shrink from telling the King that he is surrounded by a set of men who are not the warm est friends of Italy. I tried to persuade him that all that has been said about the influence Mazzini and his friends exercised upon me was a mere calumny. ‘ Now could I send into exile Mazzini. who has done so much for Italian unity ?’ said I to Victor Emmanuel,, and his Majesty agreed that I was right.” 2-lie correspondent of the Morning Post relates the capture of Capua as follows: victory of the Garibaldian army. Capua has surrendered, and with its surrender

vanish all the false rumours, all the apprehensians, and all the sneers directed against Garibaldi and his army. The fall of Capua has proved that an army of volunteers can, without a long previous discipline and training in the art of war, obtain possession, by their deeds, of heroic valour, of well-stored and well-gar-risoned fortresses. Gapua has capitulated on condition, tjiat the officers alone shall be allowed to; leave with their s\vords, All the garrison are prisoners. The following, is a brief outline of the circumstances attending the surrender

On. the 28th King Victor Emmanuel had ] intimated, to the fortress, by General Della l Roc.cn, the necessity of surrendering, the Ge- j neral having for that purpose despatched to Capua Major Porcelli, of the army.. The Bourbon troops replied that they would leave Capua, but with their arms and baggage ; in short, with.ajl the hononrs of war, and that they would go. to Gaeta. These proposals were at once rejected, and matters returned to their previous state;; that. is ;; to say, the siege operations were vigorously prose-

cuted* the -royalist .garrison,--didiaJkin,-|iiejr power, by keeping up sT constant fire of artillery, to impede the prosecution, but all the efforts were ineffectual, as the operations,pro- 1 ceeded with so much alacrity that on the Ist everything was ready for au attack along the 1 whom line. King Victor Emmanuel was near ! Sant Angelo, at a place called “ Fourteen *

Bridges.” was in conversation with him during tire tohole morning ; the subject of their conversation is not known, but after it was finished, Garibaldi, at 3 p.m., came down from Monte Sant Angelo, going through the camp towards Santa A/aria. All the soldiers cheered him enthusiastically, shouting “ Zong live Daddy Garibaldi! ” Under the command of the King himself there was commenced at 4 p.m., from the batteries of Sant Angelo, the bombardment of Capua. The cannon from the walls of Capua returned the fire with vigour, but fortunately without inflicting any serious hurt. .During the night the bombardment of the city was continued, though slowly, o n account of the high winds *md heavy rain s . The night was horrible; the rearing of the artillery of Capua, the long. streaks of fi re marking the course of the projectiles launched forth into the darkness, the cries of the wounded, the impassioned shouts of the com-batants-r-r-al! this combined to form one of those scenes which, though very effective in the pages of a romance, are far from pleasant to those who witness and take part in them. On the 2nd, at early dawn, the effect of the Garibaldian artillery was discernible ; a white flag of truce was seen waving from the walls of Capua, and there were all the other signals implying that the besieged desired to parley. On Monte Sant Angelo, on the contrary, a red flag was hoisted, indicating the continuance of the bombardment; but on the appearance of the signals of truce on the walls of Capua, it was lowered; tand the firing for the moment ceased. lam not acquainted with all the conditions at first asked for by the besieged, but amongst them wag a truce of twenty-four hours. Only one hour was granted, just the requisite time to go to Capua in a carriage and bring back the answer. ■ The hour had elapsed and no answer bad arrived, so the firing was at once recommenced. 2’hen the answer came quick enough, and Capua surrendered in the

manner I have mentioned—namely, the officers leaving only with their swords, and all the soldiers surrendering at discretion. These last, like the others who "were previously made prisoners, will be despatched to Genoa, in order to be incorporated with the Italian army. The negotiations were not completely terminated until 4 p.m'. yesterday, and then General Milbitz, who during the whole time of the siege has been with his men at Santa Maria, was appointed to occupy the city that afternoon. The Garibaldians wished to enter Capua in crowds, but Garibaldi prevented this, as lie desired to take all the necessary precautions to prevent disasters in entering a fortress which, up to the present moment, has been occupied by soldiers guilty of every imaginable atrocity, and capable of having prepared a mine in the fortress itself. The presence of the King has saved Garibaldi from ordering a bombardment, which had become absolutely necessary, for the execrable weather to which we are now exposed would have spread sickness in the whole Garibaldian army had it been obliged to remain much longer encamped in the open field. It had become even more necessary in a political point of view to drive out the royalists from Capua, for that city was the focus of all the reactionary movements in the province of Naples—-just as Gaeta is the focus of those springing up in the Abn izzi. The King of Sardinia on the 3rd Novembar attacked, and utterly routed the Neapolitans beyond the Garigliano. Leaving tents, baggage, and a large number of prisoners in their Victor’s hands, they fell back upon Gaeta, fiercely raked in the flank by the fire of the Sardinian fleet. The garrison of Capua, some ten or eleven thousand men, were sent to Naples, ,which Victor Emmanuel, invited by more than ‘ a million and a quarter Sis, to which only 10,000 negatives were opposed, entered as King on the 7th. Garibaldi visited Naples on October 31st, to present- colours to the Hungarians. He addressed the people from the Foresteria. Padre Gavazzi was standing by his side, and it was easy to perceive that the feeling of Garibaldi Was sympathy with Gavazzi, who, on Oct. 31, was threatened by a mob, exclaiming, “ Death to Gavazzi!” A body of the National Guard coming to the rescue, were asked if they came to arrest him, when they said their duty was to protect him. Plis power has been confirmed by Garibaldi.) The following was the speech of Garibaldi: “ This is a beautiful day—a great day. It

is beautiful, it is great, because it binds together with a new tie the fraternity which unites Italy to Hungary. Free people are bound together.. Free Italians qanoot, ought not, will not forget it, never will forget it. (Here the people break into a storm of applause.) Italians free 1 Yes, all shall be free, and that quickly. From a life consecrated altogether to the cause of liberty, to the thought of our nationality, I have gathered nothing else. I desire to gain nothing more than the right of telling the truth at all times—of telling it alike to the powerful and to the

people. Here, me, then, generous people of this great and beautiful metropolis, and if I deserye anything of yon, believe my words. The canker] the ruin of our Italy, has always heen porsonal ambition which blinds the Pope-l£ing, and urges him to oppose this national, movement,. so grand, so noble, so pure......... Yes, so pure, that it is unique in the history of- .the. woild. It. ie. the PopeKing who retards the moment, of the complete liberation, ])(.fjtaly] Thp sole. obstacle, the truerohstajSs^is'tpip.].^am. a Christian, and I speakTto. am a ; good Christian, and 'I venerate the‘religion of Christ,, because Christ came into the world, to rescue humanity from the slavery for which God has not created it—but the Pope, who wishes, that, men should be slaves, who asks from the powerful of the earth fetters and chains

the Pope-King does not know Christ, he ; lies against his own religion. In the Indies they recognise and adore two genii, that of good and that of evil. The genius of evil for Paly is the Pope-King. Let no one misunderstand nay words—let no one confound Papism with Christianity, the religion of liberty with the avaricious and blood policy of slavery, Repeat that; repeat it; it is your duty, You who are here, a portion of the educated and cultivated population, it is your duty to educate the people-—educate it to be Italian. Education gives liberty—education gives the people the means and the power to assure and defend its independence. On a strong and healthy education of the people depend the liberty and the grandeur of Italy. Yiva Yittorio Emmanuele > Viva I’ltalia ! Viva Christian&sirao!” There was a collation on the occasion, at. which were present General Garibaldi, the Pro-* Dictator, the Marehese Villamarina, the staff of the National Guards, that of General Garibaldi and that of General Turr, and some citizens. General Turr, in giving a toast to Italy and Hungary, declared that he would never accept the impudent lying Constitution of Austria—-the perfidious act by which it in vain endeavours, as in 1848, to urge the Hungarians against their /talian brothers. Garibaldi then retired to his home in the island of Caprera. 7/e holds the rank of General in the Italian army; in bidding his troops farewell, he told them to hold themselves in readiness to flock to his standard again in March next. A million of men is his estimate of the Italian force necessary for the Italian war which-lie predicts will break out. Farini has been appointed Royal Lieutenant General in Naples, where what is called a “ Lieutenancy-Council,” equivalent we presume, to a Provisional Government, or temporary Ministry. for Italy, has been estab - lished, in which it is curious and interesting, as showing how completely “the whirligig of time has brought round its revenges,” to find the name, as Minister of Public instruction of Poerio, the hapless prisoner of the ex-tyrant and his father, over whose sufferings all Europe lias been warmed to indignation. LaMarmora has been intrusted with the reorganisation of the Neapolitan army, properly so called. That which improperly retains the name at Gaeta still holds out, and has rejected proposals for the evacuation of the town, for the bombardment of which, accordingly, active preparations were being prosecuted. It was thought the ex-King who, had burst a blood-vessel would yield to the voice of his friends and leave the country. He had only 5000 troops. A young man belonging to the Edinburgh detachment of the British Legion in Garibaldi’s service, sends the following letter to his parents in Edinburgh, under date “ Camp before Santa Maria, Capua, October 29:” —“The British Legion is stationed at the camp of Santa Maria, and forms the outpost of Garibaldi’s army. We are far from being comfortable, having neither tents nor beds; we have only straw to lie down on, but we have blankets to cover us. We must always be on the look out. Not an hour passes but we exchange shots with the enemy, and at night we have a regular sortie, when it generally happens that some of our poor fellows are killed. We have alieady lost some of our best men. Two of our captains and twelve men have been killed, besides between twenty and thirty wounded, three of them so badly that there is little hope of their recovery. One of the latter left Edinburgh with me. Notwithstanding such drawbacks, however we are always happy. Garibaldi came round the camp yesterday morning, and spoke very kindly to us. I, along with some others, ran forward to get a hold of his hand, and he gave us a hearty shake, and said he was truly sorry lie was unable to give us more comfortable quarters.”

CHIN^. Peace has been made. The articles were signed on the 24th inst. They include the Tien tsin treaty, and compensation is to be given for the expenses of the war of £2,600,000, and for the prisoners returned at Pekin and those prisoners killed .£60,000. The Commander had written home that the troops would be shipped in 6 weeks for home if he did not receive counter orders.

CALENDAB.

New Moon—- Feb, .9. 7.44 pm.

Feb. S. rises, ; S-.isets. High water at IJeatls 7 5' 18 7 10 7 55a.m. 8;19p.m 8 5 19: 7 9 8 45 9 10/ 9 ; 5 20. ;.7 8 9 34 9,58-. IQ, 5,. 22 • 7 7, 10 22 , 10 46, 11 5 23 7 6. 11 10: 11 34 12 5 24 7 5 11 58. 12 22%,m. 13 5 25 7 4 12 46p.m. 1 10 14 5 26. 7 3 1 34. 1.5$