THE WANGANUI CHRONICLE AND RANGITIKEI MESSENGER. “Verite sans peur” Wanganui, April 5, 1860.

Wanganui Chronicle, Volume 4, Issue 185, 5 April 1860, Page 2

THE WANGANUI CHRONICLE AND RANGITIKEI MESSENGER. “ Verite sans peur” Wanganui, April 5, 1860.

There is no news from Taranaki, either direct or from the south. It is evident, from the account given in another column of Potatau’s movements, that he is not disposed to give encouragement iu the meantime to Wiremu Kingi.

The Home Government is at last to set about doing what should have been accomplished long ago, namely, making a survey of this country. It appears from the English papers, that Capt. J. W. Gordon, R.E., is to have the command of the surveying staff, the selection of the members of which was being made at Brompton Barracks, Chatham. Their duties will include attention to general engineering works required in the islands, as well as the making a survey of them. It is to be Imped the staff will be numerous enough to complete the survey within a reasonable time.

A Roman moralist has said, that the gods have ruined whole multitudes by indulging them with the gratification of their wishes. It is to be feared that what the gods are said to do on a large scale, our government lias been doing in a modified degree in its treatment of the natives. Some years ago a benevolent society in England sent out, for distribution among the settlers, a number of copies of a tract, which described the natives as children, and inculcated the duty of treating them, as such, with the utmost leniency and indulgence. That tract was no. doubt well meant, and may have done good ; but so far as the government is concerned, the maxims enforced in it have been acted on too exclusively. The severity of the ruler has been sunk in the kindness of the parent; and the children—not certainly to be so called from their simplicity ami unworldliness—never having seen the rod of correction even held over their heads, have come to the conclusion that no such instrument exists, and that they may disobey with impunity. With the exception of the fourth line, the well known quatrain of Prior expresses precisely the course that lias been pursued—- “ Be to their faults a little blind, And to their virtues very kind, Leave all their movements unconfmed, And put a padlock on their mind.’* Instead of the last advice being taken—which, though not desirable in itself, was rendered necessary, by compliance with the other three '—constant.endeavours have.been made to impart to. them the knowledge and civilization of Europe. Very properly so ; hut as “ a lit lie

knowledge is a dangerous thing,” their movements should have been somewhat restricted, until their intellectual and moral nature had received proper expansion and an impetus in a right direction. But, children as they are, they have, while prohibited from that which would be only or chiefly injurious to themselves, been allowed to accumulate another material still more deadly, the explosion of which not only destroys the indulged children, but the indulgent guardian. If they are children, let them be treated as children throughout, and riot be allowed to have those weapons of offence, with wdiich they may do themselves mortal injury. If they are men, let all kindness be shown them by their fellow-subjects, but let them be under the thorough control of government, not petted and indulged lest they take offence and cause disturbance, but treated with stern and impartial justice.

It may be said that the present is time for advancing such views, as so many of them have disowned the authority of Government; but it is this fact which calls special attention to the subject, and proves the necessity of acting for the future in a somewhat different manner from that which has led to the present disturbance. Vigour is necessary, not only to put an end to the existing difficulty, but also to secure that- in future no such defiance of the Government shall be possible.

Instead of a disruption of amicable relations between France and Britain being imminent, the Emperor is anxious to draw the bonds of union more closely, by the joint action of the two governments in regard to the Italian question. The Papal and Austrian governments having declined to send representatives to the Congress for the discussion of Italian afiairs, because Great Britain was to take part in the deliberations, the French Emperor has proposed that the British and French Governments should unite to prevent foreign interven - tion in the settlement of the Government of Central Italy, and should, if necessary, secure the free action of the Italians by force of arms. While it certainly would appear ungenerous in Great Britain not to assist in succouring those threat fned with oppression, it is no doubt true, that the Emperor, having brought about the present complicated state of matters in opposition to the advice of ..England, can scarcely expect the latter power to involve herself in order to rescue him. Nevertheless, the almost complete certainty that the union of the two powers in such a course of policy would obtain the desired end without recourse to arms, may be a sufficient reason for the British government acceding to his proposal. Meanwhile, Count Walewski, who has always been exceedingly desirous of cultivating amicable relations with Austria and Russia, has resigned his office of Foreign Secretary in the French Cabinet; and though his sucsessor. M. Thouvenel, has also a leaning towards these despotic governments, he is understood to be more under the control of his Imperial master. Aw article from the Times on this question will be found in another column.

We believe that some alarm is felt about the intentions of the natives in this district, and it is our pleasing duty to assure our readets that in the meantime such alarm is altogether groundless. We have it on authority thoroughly to be relied on, that the natives, for eighty miles up the river, are as a body quite friendly, and anxious that nothing should disturb the present peaceable state of tilings. Whatever apprehensions may be entertained bv us, they are still more afraid of any indication of ill feeling on our part towards them ; and it is extremely desirable that settlers should neither say nor do anything that would have the slightest tendency to increase their alarm, but should so conduct themselves in a frank, friendly, and confidential manner, as to allay any distrust of our intentions with regard to them which may have already been excited by thoughtless and false statements. Such statements are at any time, but more especially at present, much to be deprecated. What is said in joke may be received in earnest; and if repeated statements of the same tenor are made, they may make an impression which it will be difficult to efface, and which may produce disagreeable results. Still further up the river, and on the Taupo plains, the natives, though in favour of the King movement, have no friendly feeling towards the originator of the present disturbance. The only chief there of whom doubts were entertained —in consequence partly of his connection with the Waikato natives—lias sent down just now for a European to construct a flour mill for him ; so that his mind must be occupied otherwise than with thoughts of war, and he declares

himself also to bo averse to it. The greater number of the chiefs up the river have gone to Wellington, .ostensibly to buy greenstone and get it cut into shape, hut really to avoid any disagreeable importunities on the part of Wiremu Kingi’s followers ; and as no public business can be transacted in their absence, their tribes remain in statu quo till their return. Then, another consideration of a. reassuring character is, that according to native usage, so long as the river natives continue friendly, none of those from the interior can come down without their permission, which of course, if any hostile intention were apparent, would not in the present stale of feeling be given; so that the only road for the northern tribes, whose fidelity can be called in question, to come hither, is by the coast from Taranaki. Of course we speak merely of the present feeling. As to what might result if the very improbable—we should say, the;impossible—contingency were to occur, of our troops being worsted at Taranaki, it is impossible to pronounce ; but, meanwhile, everything having a tendency to create distrust and jealousy in tho native mind should be carefully avoided.

Local Intelligence.

Signal Flagstaff.— The town looks very ■thill without the flags which are usually to be \ seen near the York stockade. At tlm present time it is highly desirable that the British flag j should be flying in its accustomed place, as ; well as that early intimation should be given t>y the accustomed signals of vessels coming , into the river. The old flagstaff having been , 'blown down in one of the late gales, another . is required in its place, which must bo supplied by the inhabitants. Subscription lists will be found at the stores of Messrs. Taylor, Watt, and Co. and Mr. Thos. Waters, who is the treasurer. The Committee of Management •consists of Colonel Wyatt and Messrs. Waters and T. B. Taylor, so that subscribers may rely on the funds being judiciously applied, and it is hoped that the lists will be immediately • filled up. Escape of Tiiree Maori Prisoners.— ■Some sensation was caused last Friday by the ■escape of three A/aories working on the roads under the superintendence of a policeman. They had been sent out to St. John’s bush, in the neighbourhood of the town, and the policeman wa3 giving orders to two of them before him, when the third, who was wheeling a barrow past, rushed on him, wrenched the gun out of his hand, and ran off. The police officer pursued, but could not overtake him, and while he was away the other two escaped. Two policemen were sent in pursuit the same day, but did not fall in witli them. They are supposed to have gone to Taranaki. Would not light irons be a more effectual precaution against escape, as well as safer, at a time like this, when the shooting of a Maori might cause very serious commotion ? Might we also make the suggestion, that the magistrates might with advantage delegate to one of their number the duty of directing at what work the prisoners are to be employed. ? The ‘ Wonga Wonga ’ s.s. arrived here on Sunday with muskets and carbines for the use of the militia should they be called out. She sailed the next evening for Taranaki. The 1 Emily Alison,’ after a long detention at the mouth of the river, during which nine of the cattle on board were lost, gut over the bar on Tuesday morning, bound for Taranaki. An extraordinary mushroom. i 3 to be seen in the windows of Messrs. Taylor, IViitt and Co.’s store. The weight is I lb. 12 oz. The disk is 11 inches in diameter and 2-h in. thick in the centre ; the'stalk is 8. in. long. It was handed in by Mr. Frank Williamson.

IF NO CONGRESS, WHAT THEN ?

'[From the Times.']

The prospect ol a European Congress has so entirely occupied men’s minds, to the exclusion of every other topic relating to foreign affairs, that we seem to have lost sight of. our own peculiar position, and to have merged in this one engrossing consideration all that is peculiarly English in the Italian difficulty. Shall England enter into a Congress at all ? and if at all, on what conditions ? What will be the part she will have to play there, and what support can she count on in playing that part ? Just as we have pretty well succeeded in settling these questions to our own satisfaction, the Congress is postponed till we know not when,, and a vague and a gradually increasing suspicion arises that there may very probably be no Congress at all. We have, in truth, succeeded rather too well in obtaining the- guarantees we sought before entering the Congress. The semi-offiolal manifesto of the Frenchi Government has proved to us, with as much clearness as we could possibly desire, that it is not the intention of France either, to interfere in order to replace the fugitive Grand Dukes on their thrones, or to restore the Romagna to the dominions of the Pope. Equally elear is it that France has not the least intention of permitting other powers to do that ■which she will not do herself, and that, whatever be the literal construction of the treaty of Villafranca, the appearance of a single Austrian soldier in Central Italy would be the signal for a fresh outburst of hostilities. Such assurances may well remove our objection to take part in the Congress of Paris but in proportion as they remove that objection from our minds, they impress it most forcibly upon the Imperial and Papal Courts. To what purpose should they enter a Congress which can only have the result of leaving matters in statu quo so far as their own rights and claims are concerned ? To what purpose meet to discuss the question whether Central Italy shall be formed into a Confederation or placed utider a single monarch, when all that Austria .and the Pope eare for is the preliminary question whether Central Italy shall not be restored to the inheritance of its late Sovereigns? Therefore, in satisfying England, the Emperor of the French has in the same proportion dissatisfied the Powers interested in upholding the doctrine which makes a nation the property of a king’or the appanage of a priest; and therefore, at the very, moment when it was about to assemble, the Congress is adjourned sine die.

There does not seem to be much difficulty in divining the course which the refusal of Austria and the Ihjpe to enter the Congress, if things should really go that length, will impose on the Emperor of the French. He has made his election and he must stand by it. He made war “ for an idea,” and if that idea be not in some shape or other realised he will be in the untenable position of having made war for nothing. He has not only wrested Lombardy from Austria, he has given the inhabitants of Central Italy an opportunity of ridding themselves of their present Governments, and during an interregnum of more than six months lie has uttered only oracular phrases respecting their restoration. He has, however, committed

himself to the opinion, that France oan neither intervene in Central'ltaly herself, nor suffer ; Austria to do so. Should Austria attempt any thing of the kind she must expect war with France —a war which, as it would be one purely of aggression on her side, would leave her without a friend or ally in Europe. Tims much appears clear, nor is it at all more difficult to see what 13 the position which, in case of the non-convocation of the Congress is reserved for England. England is remitted to the position she held before the wav broke out. She has been hitherto perfectly consistent. She has'respected the rights conferred on Austria by treaty, aud refused to be a party to depriving Austria of those rights either by negotiation or by force. She has admitted the right of Central Italy to choose for themselves the government aud the dynasty which are, in their opinion, best calculated to secure their |happiness. But England, whatever she may have done in other days, does not now go to war for ideas and sentiments. She will be quite ready to N recognise any government which the people of Central Italy may establish-for themselves, but she does not feel called upon to shed her blood or lavish her treasure in order to establish that government for them. If these were her views when the powers of Austria were yet unbroken, when the assistance of France was yet uncertain, much more is England disposed to agree to them now that the events of last summer have shown so conclusively how weak is the obstacle which Central Italy has to overcome, how strong i 9 the support she may count on should Austria be ill-advised enough once more to try the fate of arms. We entertain, therefore, no doubt that it is the duty of England—as she from the first disapproved the war, as she has no claim to any share either in its glories or it 3 sacrifices—to leave the complications that may result- from it to be adjusted by the belligerent Powers, maintaining an attitude of observation, and leaving, to States who are fond of fighting in the quarrels of others to deal' as best they may with the difficulties which they themselves have created. We have done all that could reasonably be expected from us when we have suffered-ourselves, in order to extricate our great ally from- the difficulties which lie has sought and found, to be involved in the intricacies of a European Congress, called together to ratify proceedings about which we were never consulted. This is, however, the highest point to which our complaisance ought to reach, and we are quite certain that we express the opinion of this country when we say that, while desiring the most - perfect understanding between, the Governments of England and France, England would regard with the utmost repugnance the terms of any treaty or agreement which would bind her to a joint action with France in regulating- the affairs of Italy. We state this merely on the supposition that in liis present embarrassmerit such a proposition might" be made by the Emperor- of the French, and favourably entertained by a-go-vernment anxious above all things for the complete liberation of Italy. We feel perfectly convinced that, unless Parliament could-be got rid of as unceremoniously as the Congress, the Government which entered into such an agreement would never live to execute it. We have seen-a state of profound peace destroyedj and, worse than that, the confidence in the return of peace annihilated, by the act of a single great potentate, in spite of' the remonstrances and intervention of England. We have been roused by a-sense of danger, founded on grounds by no means- imaginary or unreal, to a conviction of the necessity of placing this island in a state of defence. IVe are expending vast sums of money for this purpose, and calling upon the youth of the country to devote the time of their recreation and the money they can often but ill spare in furtherance of' this great national object. With the Power that lias forced us to these great sacrifices we are anxious to. remain on good terms, but we do not desire to follow its lead' in consummating a policy of interference which in the first instance we disapproved. If France can make war she can also make peace, and the habit of the present Emperor has been; in. the conclusion of peace, to think more of the interest of his antagonists than of his allies; We trust that we are combating a chimera; though one not exactly of our own creation. We have no reason to regret the attitude of observation and neutrality we have hitherto assumed, and we cannot believe that there is any serious iutention of abandoning a position which has given us all the advantages of peace and all the influence which wc could have won by the most destructive wari

THE MAORI* MEETING AT WAIUKU,

This conference of Waikato Natives has come to a close. On Wednesday, at one o’clock, Potatau left Waiuku for Ngaruawahia, witli about three hundred men, besides women and children.

Tuesday was devoted to the “korero,” which lasted the whole day. The discussion, generly, had reference to the “King Move ment,” which, in general opinion of those present-, had gained ground ; but these were principally, “ Klngites.” There were about twenty chiefs that spoke, and all but six were in favour of the King movement. No sentiment were expressed at all hostile to the govern men;; the tenor of the speches. on the contrary, being of a very peaceable nature. All that seemed to be desired by the speakers was a division and' demarcation of the races;—the PakehaS not interfering with the Maories, or their government; and they, likewise not interfering with the Fakehas. But those had held nloof from adhesion to the King movement, repres what Fakehas would call’ “ a very respectable minority,” both aa to: intelligence and influence.

With reference to the Taranaki question, they came to a very wise conclusion, t.e , not to interfere beyoml inquiring into the merits of tile case, which they acknowledged appeared as far as their present information went, to be against “ Te Rangitake ” (William Kink). Letters where read from Taranaki, asking Potatau to use his influence with the Governor to provent him from shedding block ; that is providing that blood had not beeu shed up to the time that the letters were received. (Should there have been any shed before that date, the matter was to drop as regarded themselves.

The meeting w.as very unanimous on, one question, namely-—the keeping of the ‘maua’ of New Zealand. '

The “ korero,” and everything connected with it,, was conducted in the most orderly manner and- before Potatau and his brother chiefs took, their departure, three messengers were sent round-the'settlementto enquire of the Europeans whether any depredation or damage to their property had., been committed by any. of the Maori visitors.

[From, the New Zealander Sc Southern Cross, March 24.] “ KING POTATAU’S” First Reception at IV'aiuku (

On Thursday morning, the Bth insfc., a fleet of canoes from ; the settlements within the Manukau arrived at- Waiuku, laden with dried sharks, potatoes, and-other.eatables, and manned by ©-.considerable body of natives. Nest day, Potatau, with a large party of Waikato natives, arrived at Pura-Tura, and on Saturday the old chief' came over to Waikato in state.

i procession consisted, first, of from 70 to 100 natives, about four, deep; then came a body-guard of from 20 to 30, carrying fowling pieces ; next the standard-bearer, with-a green streamer, having painted, on it a red cross and the words, “The Truth.” Old Potatau came next, seated on a pony, with a tartan shawl thrown over it. The pony was led, ami two women of the royal household walked alongside.. Then came the general body of natives ; , women, laden with kai and baggage, bringing up the rear.. On reaching the royal tent, the standard was stuck into earth, and the old chief,'seating himself-on the ground, received a general greeting. Preparations (adds our correspondent) are in progress for a feast. The total number of men, women, and children congregated will be somewhere about 500.- 2’here is not the least appearance of hostility; nor does the demonstration —though 1 believe the first of the kind that has beeu made in a European settlement —excite any anxiety.

“ Extraordinary Cask. —About a fortnight ago, a statement was made to the Gawler police tlrattwo men had robbed the house of Mrs.- Turner,, formely known'as the George Inn, on the road from Gawler to Adelaide. The information was given , by the servant girl, who was left at home on the Sunday morning, who stated that two men called to ask for water, who, findiug the girl was the only person in the house, entered it and made off with money .and other articles. No trace could be found' of the reported thieves, and the police began to suspect the accuracy of the girl’s account. Subsequently the girl picked out one of the men working upon the Gawler Extension line, and. swore to him as one of the guilty parties. This the man was in a position to disprove, and the girl became embarrassed.; in consequence. On Sunday last she, wrote a.note, in.nv-hich she stated that “her body would be found in the well and her soul in heaven } ’ r and suddenly decamped. She was followed promptly to- Smithfield, where she was in the act of taking a ticket for Adelaide. Before, reaching the station she tore up some one pound notes, fragments of which-were picked by by, the police, and upon her were found some of the articles which she affirmed the robbers had taken from,the house. The whole account. of the robbery given by the girl appears to be a tissue of falsehood' from, beginning to end, and her swearing to the identity of the railway opera-tive-one of the most barefaced and deliberate acts of villainy we have ever had to record ” Tire French Navy. —The Paris correspondent of the Times says :—ln the number of the Revue Contemporaine, just published, an interesting article appears from >tho pen of a French naval officer of rank in. the French navy,.on the mode of recruiting for it. The object, is to' show—first!}!, that, there exists ho reason- for the French navy, to be so con siderable as that of England; secondly, that in point of fact, it cannot be so from- a- want of a sufficient number, of men ; . thirdly, that without greater 'development to the personnel it is of no use to increase the materiel ; fourthly, that if the French navy reached only one-half of the British, there would be ljust cause for congratulation, whereas this is [far from being attained in spite of all augmentations ; and, fifthly, that tho system - of maritime inscription,, excellent though it be in itself, is quite insufficient: for the maintenance of the maritime forces of/ Franco, and the deficiency must be supplier! by calling to the service a greater number of- mem than are now required? by conscription for the army. Instead: of 2000 yearly, as now demanded, the writer proposes to call out double that number, which he calculates would constantly give 26,000 men exclusive of the maritime conscription. The - article, which is very well written, bears internal evidence of the knowledge the writer has of the subject, and may remove some notions as.to the real maritime force of France. Jt tends to show that not. only, it would not he equal to tho Uwk of ag.!

gression, ‘> llt would be insufficient to prevent it. A perusal of this paper suggests another reflection—namely, that are there somamong the officers of the French navy, comprising the elite of the country, to whom nothing seems less desirable than a rupture between England and France.

Training Ships for Naval Volunteers —Admiralty orders have been received: at Chatham, directing the Castor, 3G, sailing frigate, and the Brilliant, 26-gun frigate, now attached to the reserve in ordinary in, that port, to be removed from, the river Medway to London, to be used: as training ships for the Naval Coast Guard Volunteers, now being raised. Each vessel is to be got ready with all'despatch for the service to which it is to be put, and both,are to be furnished with their heavy main deck guns from the gun wharf, in order,that volunteers may be exercised: atgun drill on board. The sailing frigate Trincomalee, 34, also, attached to the ordinary at Chatham, is ordered to be prepared as a training ship for the naval volunteers on the east coast of Scotland, to which station she will be towed. It is also intended to station vessels.of war at Bristol,< Liverpool, Hull, Newcastle, and the other great. port 3, to serve as training ships for the volunteers to be raised under the Royal warrant, the ships to be selected from those in ordinary at Chatham. Mdrae. Goldsmidt intends devoting a sum of money to the endowment of au asylum for decayed vocalists, after the manner and principle of the movement on behalf of the Dramatic College. Cardinal Wiseman.— lntelligence lias just reached London that his Eminence Cardinal IFiseman has arrived in safety at Rome, and has been favoured with an interview with' the -P-ope. The illness of the Cardinal, although of a serious character, is not, in the opinion of his-physicians, confirmed ; still it is not at all unlikely that he-will make the Eternal City his residence for the future.

RUSSIA. Atelegram from St. Petersburg!], published in the official Dresden Journal, announces that the departure of Prince Gortschakoff for Parishas been postponed. AUSTRIA. Vienna, Thursday—From Brenner, who is definitively appointed Austrian ambassador at Turin, has arrived here - en - route for his destination-. ROME. Baron Buol, formerly Austrian minister for Foreign Affairs, arrived with Ids'-family, and will refinin', here during the winter.. EUROPEAN NEWSTo January 28. •

[From tli a- Sydney Morning Herald.'] Aden Telegram. Queen’s speech as usual. Powers friendly. Congress postponed. Italian liberty advocated. French treaty .approved. San Juau difficulty removed. Estimate for defences proposed. Revenue is satisfactory. All crime diminished. Colonies loyal declaration was received in the Commons, and discussed in tile Lords. French budget satisfactory. Commercial treaty with France signed. Cavour’s ministry completed. Neapolitan signed. Hon. James Baines dead. Captain Harrison, Great Eastern, drowned: general'sympa thy. Bank-rate, 3 ; consols,. 94§ on Jan. 26.

[From the Argus ] Aden, Feb. 2nd. London, 28th January. Queen opened Parliament. 24th January.. Speech well received. Foreign relations friendly. Government contracted'engagement with the French for settling Italy. India and English finances satisfactory. Chinese war may he averted by the Emperor ■conceding' moderate demands. P rom ised' law reform foreshadowed. Estimates for efficient defences announced. Mail Contract Committee re-appointed. Cavour Cabinet formed. Bullion draw continues. Bank discount 3"per cent. Further.advance expected. Consols 941.Victorian debentures unaltered.

Parliament opened on the 24th'. Politics are a shade firmer.

The /fussell Reform Bill is in process of formation by a Cabinet Committee. Mr. Bright, at Birmingham, intimated 5 his intention to support it as an instalment. T\ ie Chancellor of the Exchequer has promised to renew the inquiry on Mail Packet Contracts when Parliament assembles. Hughes is condemned to ten years’ penal servitude. Volunteer /fifle movement extends daily. The revenue and trade returns are favourable. The mutineers of the Princess Royal wen released after one month’s imprisonment. Among the deaths of the month are those oi Lord Macaulay, Mi*. Gilpin, Rennie the engi neer, and Hon. J. Baines. Albert Smith has recovered, from his paralysis. Sir F. GoldsraiS has been returned for rhadmg.

The Annual Australian Commemoration Dinner takes place on the 26th.

UNITED STATE'S.

From the United States we-have advices to the 6th inst. At that date the 7/ouse of Assembly was still unorganised, no Speaker having been, elected. None of the candidates could secure the requisite majority. The President, however, weary with waiting, had delivered his message a fortnight before. A reign of terror is commencing in the Southern States..

7’here has been a temporary stringency m the money, market. ■ Another negro .riot lias occurred'in Missouri.

TELEGRAPHIC SUMMARY. [From-the Home News, January 18.1 The publication of a pamphlet, setting forth, the views of the French Government with 'regard to the PapaFStates, lias led to a breach-, in the negotiations between France and Rome.. The Emperor lias addressed a letter to thePope, advising his 'Holiness to relinquish his sovereignty of the Legations. The meeting of Congress has been indefinitely postponed. Count Walewski has ceased to be a memberof the French cabinet, in consequence of his sympathy for the Pope and the Italian Dukes.. He is succeeded by M. de riiiuveuel. Large meetings to express sympathy for the Pope have been held in Ireland. Some divisions have arisen on the subject amongst the Roman Catholics.

It is intended that a subscription shall hoop ened for the Pope in Ireland and the Catholic States of Germany. Tlie popular agitation in Hungary increases. Sir-George Grey-has- been entertained at a public dinner.The official report'of- the Board of Trade attributes the loss of the Paramatta to the default of Captain Baynton, whose certificate has been consequently suspended for twelve months. Mr. Hughes, the fraudulent bankrupt who was brought back from Australia, has been sentenced to penal servitude for ten years. The body of Mr. H. Massey o'6'racly, ofthe county of Limerick, who had mysteriouslydisappeared on tlie Bth December, has beenfound buried, and four men have been arrested* on suspicion of his murder. The Round Church of St. Andrew s, Dublin, has been completely burnt down. A new Arclie expedition from America is projected. Lord ■ Macaulay died suddenly. He was buried with- great ceremony in Westminster Abbey. Mr. Atherton, tlie new Solicitor General, has been re-elected for Durham, without opposition.

The draft'of a-bill for the establishment of a.iiue of steampackets between France and China has been laid before tiny Council of State. It is proposed tint the steamers shall sail from a Marseilles to Alexandria, and from Suez to Shanghai. “ It--is to Mr. Cobden,” says tlie Paris correspondent of the Post, “ that England and France are indebted for tlie proposed new commercial'treaty [indicated in the emperor’s letter]. That gentleman has-rendered most valuable-services to-the people’s interests on both, sides of- the- water; and in doing so of course he has acted witli the authority of her Majesty’s Government.' The pending liegociations were announced so far back as August . last at Compiegue. The commercial treaty will probably be concluded between- England ’ and France by the end of the .present month.’”'

Oirevery side we find proofs 'that the reactionary, policy which had been pursued by France and imposed on Sardinia since tho agreement of Villafranca is giving place to one. bolder ami more liberal; We -now learn that the ministry of Mv Ratazzi lias resigned, and that King Victor Emmanuel has charged Count Cavour with the formal ion of a .new Cabinet.'

The lecent policy of the French*Government has caused a great sensation: at tho Roman court. It is stated that Ore Pope has come to the resolution to retire to Beuevento, if the French army should be ordered to evacuate Rome.

The new Governor of Savoy, on receiving officially the visit of tho municipal council of Chambery, lias stated to them that it has never been proposed at Turin to cede Savoy to France.

A' despatch from Vienna states that “ the Austrian government has ordered Prince Met,ternich to declare to the French cabinet that it would decline to enter into negotiations on any other basis than tne agreement of Villafranca or the treaty of Zurich.” But intelligence which the independence Beige has received from Vienna is to the effect that Austria lias - resolved to maintain a pacific attitude towards the new phase which has been put upon Italian affairs by recent events. The long expected imperial decree removing alTcivic disabilities from .-the. professors of tho Mosaic faith has at last appeared in the Vienna. Gazette. The Nordiot the-.-16th January states that on the 10th oL'January, the Spanish ministry paid into the hands of Mr. Buchanan the wholo sum which has been so long, due to the British Government—about ten millions and a half of francs.

The following despatch from the Spanish irmy is dated January 15, and reports.considerable progress Since yesterday we have been masters of all ho positions of Cabo Negro. After having •btained a complete victory, we are Oommandng all the heights of the valley of Tetuan. IVq shall be before that place as soon as tho artillery is able to pace.

A i effect accord exists between France and England as to the general policy of non-inter-vention. in Italy, but England declines any engagements that might involve hostilities. The Sardinian ministry ha 3 resigned. Count Cavonr has been charged with the formation of a new cabinet.

The Emperor of the French lias officially communicated his project for the application of free-trade principles to the commerce and industry'of France. The French Government have resolved to suppress the powerful clerical association called the Society of St. Vincent de Paul.

The Volunteer movement continues to. acquire increased vigour in all parts of tho kingdom.

Parliament will be opened by the Queen in person on the 24th January. A debato is expected on the address, but no adverse motion. The Ministerial Reform Bill is ready, and is said to be liberal.

The speech of the Prance Regent of Prussia on openi ng the Chambers is opposed to Austrian interference in Central Italy. The President’s Message declares the relations of America to be friendly with all the European States except Spain. The question of the San Juan boundary is satisfactorily settled for the present by mutual concession, till finally decided by the two governments.

A treaty of peace has been signed between Buenos Ayres and the Argentine Confederation, The liberal journals in all the Roman Catholic countries, except Austria, approve of the plan laid down in the French pamphlet for dismembering the opinions of the Pope. THE RIFLE VOLUNTEERS. Air— “ The British Grenadiers” Some talk of Alexander, And some of Hercules, But John Bull’s rising dander Needs no such aids as these. He shoulders his long Enfield, And at his drill appears, Till ‘‘ /- ing-wivy-wingf the bullets sing Of the Pufle Volunteers. And when he is commanded To find himself in clothes, like a trump unto his tailor For a uniform lie goes. With his easy Knickerbrockers, And no stock his neck that queers, For a run, jump, stand, they’re the boys to command, Are the Rifle Volunteers! Let the Horse .Guards trust to pipe-clay. And General Routine, Till the Linesman’s schakoed, belted, And pack’d to a machine. With winds and -waists unfettered, And the use of eyes and ears, . In wide-awake tile come the rank and file Of the Rifle Vouluhteers ! They mayn’t be up to marching, A hundred legs like one , Or iu coming to the shoulder To the moment with each gun ; But for hitting of the target, Or the foem&n—have no fears, He must shoot mighty spry that could wipe the eye Of the Rifle Volunteers! At dawn to drill or practice, Blow high, blow low, he goes; And what a breakfast afterwards He eats, you may suppose. For shooting, marching, wheeling, Not alone chase invasion’s fears, But they also drive out dysepsy and gout From the Rifle Volunteers 1

The lovely maids -of England, The comely matrons too, Rain smiles upon the Rifles, And applaud their aim so true; For .they know while each stout, marksman His unerring Enfield rears, No invader comes to the hearths and homes Of the Rifle Volunteers !— Puucli.

There are Two Objects to be Gained by Advertising, —l. The Advertiser uiay bring his name and business so prominently before the community that he may be indelibly associated in the public mind with the articles which he sells, and he will occur to everybody when anything is wanted in his peculiar liue. This is the highest result of advertising aud requires great exertions to accomplish it. 2. The advertiser may greatly extend his business by announcing special articles for sale. He suggests wants to the public and applies those already existing to his own benefit. Announce mautles of the newest cut, or hats of the latest fashion for sale and many who never thought before of buying either a new mantle or a new hat will see the immediate necessity of supplying themselves, and will naturally apply to the advertiser. Many merchants appear to imagine that all men have certain fixed places for buying goods which they never change. It is a grand mistake. A very large majority buy as the inclination of the moment clictates.-r-Britsh Standard.

The weekly Register announces that the London meeting of Catholics to address the Pope is now definitely fixed for January 3. The same paper publishes th.e list of names appended to the “ Declaration of the Roman Catholic laity in favor • of the temporal power of the Pope,” and which includes those of Aords Stourton, Arundel, Petre, Dormer, Clifford, Lovat, Ilerrics, fielding, C'ampden, eight lionoralles, ten barcnets, &c.

THE STEAM PLOUGH THE GREAT REVOLUTIONIZED

[From the Daily California A Ha, Sept. 17.

It is probable that a great revolution, social, political,, and commercial, will be effected at some not far distant day by the invention of a steam plough. Give us a locomotive that will drag a gang of a dozen ploughs or pulverizers, digging down two feet into the earth, and running at a speed of fifteen miles an hour, and revolution is inevitable a revolution greater, more sudden, more beneficent than those wrought by the discovery of gunpowder, the invention of the steam engine, the spinning jenny, or the power loom. The introduction of the mammoth steam plough, that, with two men to manage it, will do more work in a day than fifty ploughmen will do with horses, will drive a large number of the farmers out of their present modes of employment, and com[el them to learn new systems of labour. In a thousand ways such au invention must exercise powerful influence on every civilized na-tion,-but none will be benefited by it so much as the United States, where there is the greatest field for it, and whero the people will be best able to adapt themselves to the new circumstances created by it. But it is a question how soon we are to have the invention. A Mr. John \V. Fawkes, a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, claims to have invented the machine needed. One of his steam ploughs was tried at Oxford Park, near Philadelphia, lately, and a correspondent of the N. Y. bune, who was present, writes thus of its operation:—

“ The soil is a moderately heavy clay loam, with a good share of micaceous particles mingled through it. It was covered with an old, rather light sod, and was in fine condition There was a gradual slope of about seven degrees, and the surface was mainly smooth. Mounting upon the engine, and with watch iu hand, we gave the signal to the engineer, and away she steamed down grade, turning the furrows very well, and taking a bite of land 9 feet 4 inches wide, all at a mouthful. The land was 54 rods 3 ft. long ; width 9 ft, 4 in. time required, 60 seconds; which gives us a speed of an acre in 12-|- minutes. On another trial the same distance was run in 53 seconds, and the work was done equally well. The ploughs were cutting five inches deep. A trial was then made up the grade, on a land not so long by a rod ; the time required was 54 seconds, and the ploughs were set to cut 6 in. deep. The engines might as easily have cut 8 or 9 in. deep, or even more, but the prairie ploughs were not set so that it could be done, 4 inches being thought fair ploughing for sod out west. The engine was run over ploughed ground, through a gully nine inches deep, up a steep incline, around in 'a. circle, was made to hack, stop, advance, or make any morion which either ourselves or others might dictate. No accident marred the success of the trial, and so far as we could judge, all went away satisfied that the Fawkes machine was all that its inventor had claimed. We believe now that we have a machine in principle perfectly competent to plough the vast prairies of the west, aud capable of being used to thrash and perform other offices on the farm. ” OLD ENGLAND v. AUSTRALIA. It will he in the recollection of our readers, that, some four or five months since, a challenge was forwarded to England on behalf of Richard Green (the champion sculler of Port •Jackson), to row against the champion of the Thames, or any other man in the world, for <£soo or £IOOO a side ; the race to take place in New South Wales, aud the party accepting to be allowed a liberal sum for expenses. Mr. G. W. Moore, who is at present residing in London, was deputed to publish the challenge, and act on behalf of the colony in arranging the preliminary deposit, aud otherwise concluding the match in the event of any one stepping forward to accept it. By the Salsette’s mail a letter lias been received from Mr. Moore, in which that gentleman states that the challenge has been duly published in tha London sporting journals, intimating further that, subsequent to his appearance, Kelly (the ex-cham-pion of the Thames) had called upon him, and informed him that, although he was quite prepared to come out and test his powers with Green, he was nevertheless doubtful whether he would be able to find backers who would be willing to undertake such a long voyage. Mr. Moore adds, however, that Kelly was to wait upon him in the course of a few days, aud he hopes by the next mail to send further particulars. Iu the meantime an offer has been published, on behalf of Kelly, who is open to pull for £SOO, and allow Green £2OO for expenses. In his letter Mr. Moore says, “ the people here laugh at the idea of Green challenging the world, and think Kelly could pull round and round him without any difficulty. ' Kelly is certainly a wonderfully quick puller ; he is, in fact, like a machine in a boat.” Touching this inability of Kelly to procure backers, it may be well to mention that many gentle'men in Sydney would readily contribute to make up auy amount he might require. In-, deed, if he undertook to come, the whole sum could be made up here, and, whether lie won or lost, Kelly would find himself no loser by the trip, as he would find hundreds of friends , who would rally round him most cordially ’ The prospect of this match, taken in conjunc tion with' the probability of an ‘. f English Eleven ” coming out shortly, has, we need scarcely ! say, occasioned a deal of interest ip the sport- ! ing world. These two great events, and the !■ Champion Horse Race in September, will serve to make the year 1860 memorable. And at present there seems no reason to doubt that iboth will come,-off in due course.

•THE STEAM RAMS. . Messrs. R. Napier and Sons have been entrusted by Government with the construction of one of those leviathan warships known by the name of the Steam Ram. This vast structure will be commenced immediately, at the Govan Yard, from which the Messrs. Napier have turned out the floating battery, the Persia; and other flrst-class steamships, The Ram will be about 380 ft. in length, .20 ft. longer than the Persia—the largest ship afloat until the launch of the. Great Eastern. Irrespective of her vast size, one of the great features of the Ram is that she .will be built amidships with armour-plates of the most ponderous description, something in the fashion (although on' a greatly enlarged scale) of the old floating batteries, which, however, were plated all round, both bow and stern. The capacity of the ship will be 6000 tons. Her engines will be of almut horse power; but as yet they are not contracted for, the Messrs. Napier having in the meantime only taken upon themselves to construct the hull of the mighty warship. She will carry a limited number of guns of tremendous calibre, and is expected to be afloat in about a year from this date. The total cost, it is said, will be about £300,000. A Ram of similar proportions is at present being constructed on the Thames by the Thames Shipbuilding Company. The Ram of our townsmen will therefore be No. 2, and we daresay no little anxiety will be felt here to know whether or not the Clyde workmanship will bear comparison with that of the Engineers on the banks of the Thames. In addition to the above, the eminent firm of jl/essrs. Napier are at present executing an order for 12 pairs of 80 horse power engines for gunboats, to be ready by the end of the current year, and which are now in a forward state. They, are also commissioned to make six pairs of engines of 200 horse power for sloops of war, as well as two pairs for frigates, of 500 horse power each. It will thus be seen that some activity is prevailing in the establishment of our eminent townsmen. While thus active in preparing vessels and engines for war purposes, the Messrs. Napier are also busy at ships for the more pacific purposes of commerce. They have at present on hand two screw steamers for Messrs. Burns and MTver, to be employed in the New York service. They are also finishing a large steamer for the Russian government of about 1200 tons.

A NEW AERIAL SHIP.

[From the A eiv YorTc Times."]

An experiment in scientific ballooning, greater than has yet been undertaken, is about to be tried in this city. The project of crossing the Atlantic ocean with an air-ship, long talked of, but never accomplished, has taken a shape so definite that the apparatus is already prepared and the aeronaut ready to undertake his task. Whether successful or not, the enterprise merits mention from its magnitude, and the energy and fertility of resource displayed in its prosecution. The work lias been conducted quietly, in the immediate vicinity of New York, siuce the opening of spring. The new air-ship, which has been christened the “ City of New York,” is so nearly completed, that but few essentials of detail are wanting to enable the projectors to bring it visibly before the public. The aeronaut in charge is Mr. T. S. C. Lowe, a New Hampshire man, who has made 32 balloon ascensions. His last public appearance was at Portland, duiing this year’s celebration of the Fourth of July. -Since that time he has given his undivided attention to the perfection of- the air-ship designed for his transatlantic voyage, and has devised various improvements in its construction, by which he claims to have overcome the more serious impediments to aerial navigation. The dimensions of the “ City of New York” so far exceed those of any balloon previously constructed that the bare fact of its existence is notable. The spot where its huge envelope is now undergoing the final process of oiling is an open space of grassy land, four or five miles distant from the city. The profane have not yet been admitted to the knowledge of the mystery which surrounds the mighty heap of cloth and cord, and the jealous eye of a faithful watchman has kept at bay the inquisitive stranger. As remaikable events are prepared most carefully in the dark, so Mr. Lowe has reserved the surpise of this biggest of balloons until the last moment, when the immensity of its measurement can be palpably distinguished. Briefly, for so large a subject, the following are the dimensions:—Greatest diameter,' 130 feet; transverse diameter, 104 feet; height from valve to boat, 350 feet; weight, with outfit, tons ; lifting power (aggregate), 22 1 tons; capacity of gas envelope, 725,000 cubic feet.

The “City of New York,” therefore, is nearly five times larger 'than the largest balloon ever before built. Its form is that of the usual perpendiculr gas receiver, with basket and lifeboat attached. The introduction of valuable improvements, however, leads to the conviction that its general arrangement is greatly superior. Mechanical power is to be applied ; the aeronautic party will keep the cold away from their marrow by the use of a lime stove; a new arrangement of revolving fans has been devised ; and the material of which the envelope is composed is covered with a peculiar varnish, the invention of Mr. Lowe. Six thousand yards of twilled cloth have been used'in the construction of the envelope. Redjiceti to>;feet, the actual measurement of this material is 54,000 feet—or nearly eleven miles. Seventeen of Wheeler and Wilson’s sewing machines- have been employed to connect the pieces, and the upper extremity .of the envelope, intended to receive the gas valve,

is of triple thickness, strengthened with heavy brown linen, and sewed in triple seams. The pressure being greatest at this point, extraordinary power of resistance is requisite. It is asserted that one hundred women, sewing constantly for two years, could not have accomplished this work, which measures by miles. The material is stout, and the stitching stouter. The varnish applied to the envelope is a composition the secret of which rests with Mr. Lowe. Three or four coatings,are applied, in order to prevent leakage of the gas. Mr. Lowe is daily engaged in the personal superintendence of the process of manufacture; We found him yesterday hard at work in an open field, assiduously testing the progress of certain gallons of villainously smelling compound, which boiled furiously at a temperature of 600 degrees. The netting which surrounds the envelope is a stout cord, manufactured from flax expressly for the purpose. Its aggregate strength is equal to a resistance of 150 tons, each cord being capable of sustaining a weight of 400 or 500 lbs.

The basket, which is to be suspended immediately below the balloon, is made of rattan, is twenty feet in circumference and four deep. Its form is circular, and it is surrounded by canvas. This car will carry the aeronauts. It is warmed by a lime stove, an invention of Mr. 0. A. Gager, by whom it was presented to Mt. Lowe. A lime stove is a new feature in air voyages. It is claimed that it will furnish heat without fire, and is intended for a warming apparatus only. The stove is 1| feet high and 2 feet square. Mr. Lowe states that lie is so well convinced of the utility of this contrivance that he conceives it to be possible to ascend to a region where water will freeze, and yet keep himself from freezing. This is to be tested.

Dropping below the basket is a' metallic lifeboat, in which is placed an Ericsson engine. Captain Ericsson’s invention is therefore to be tried in mid-air. Its particular purpose is the control of a propeller, rigged upon the principle of the screw, by which it is proposed to obtain a regulating power. The application of the mechanical power is ingeniously devised. The propeller is fixed in the bow of the lifeboat projecting at an angle of about 45 deg. From a wheel at the extremity 20 fans radiate. Each of these fans is five feet in length, widening gradually from the point of contact with the screw to the extremity, where the width of each is feet. Mr. Lowe claims that by the application of these mechanical contrivances his air-ship will be readily raised or lowered, to seek different currents of air ; that they will give him ample steerage. way, and that they will prevent the rotatory motion of the. machine. In applying the principle of the fan, he does not claim any 7iew discovery, 1 but simply a practical development of that theory advanced by other aeronauts, and partially reduced to practice by Charles Green, the celebrated English aeronaut. Mr. Lowe contends the application of machinery to aerial navigation has been long enough a mere theory. He proposes to reduce the theory to practice, and see what will come of it. It is estimated that the raising and lowering power of the machinery will be equal to a weight of 300 lbs., the fans being so adjusted as to admit of very rapid motion upward or downward. As the loss of three or four pounds only is sufficient to onable the balloon to rise rapidly, and as the escape of a very small portion of gas suffices to reduce its altitude, Mr. Lowe regards this systematic regulation as quite sufficient to enable him to control his movements, and to keep at any altitude he desires. It is his intention to ascend to a height of three or four miles at a start, but this altitude will not be permanently sustained. He prefers, he says, to keep w.tbiu a respectable distance of mundane things, where ‘he can see folks.’ It is to be hoped his machinery will perform all he anticipates fiom it. It is a novel affair throughout, aud a variety of new applications remain to be tested. Mr. Lowe, expressing the utmost confidence in all the appointments of his apparatus, assured us that he would certainly go, and, as certainly, go into the ocean or deliver a copy of Monday’s Times in London on the following Wednesday, lie proposes to effect a lauding in England or France, and will take north of east. A due easterly course weuld land him in Spain, but to that course he objects. He hopes to make the trip from this city to Loudon in 48 hours, and certainly in 04 hours. He scouts the idea of danger, goes about his preparations deliberately, and promises himself a good time. As the upper currents, setting due east, will not permit his return by the same route, he proposes to pack up the “ City of New York,” and take the first steamer for home.

The air-ship will carry weight. Its cubical contents of 725,000 feet of gas suffice to lift a weight of 22\ tons: With outfit complete its own weight will be 3|- tons. With this weight 19 tons of lifting power remain, and there is accordingly room lor as many passengers as will care to make the venture. We understand, however, that the company is limited to eight or ten. Mr. Zowe provides sand for ballast, regards his chances of salvation as exceedingly favourable, places implicit faith in the strength .of his netting, the power of his machinery, and the buoyancy of his lifeboat, and altogether considers himself secure from the hazard of disaster. If he accomplishes his voyage in safety, he will have done more than any air navigator has yet ventured to undertake. If lie fail, the enterprise sinks the sum of 20,000 dollars. Wealthy men, who are his backers, sharing his own enthusiasm, declare failure impossible, and invite a patient public to wait and see.

. The precise time for the ascension has not been fixed. The ship is so near completion that the event will not probably be delayed

beyond three or four weeks. Proper notice.of the time and place will be given.

EXTRAORDINAY TRIAL. The Tour® journals state, that a trial which is to take place.before the court of assizes of that city in December, is exciting extraordinary interest in all the departments of the In-dre-et-Loire. A lady, who is possessed of a fortune of 400,000 fi\ or 500,000 fr., being separated from her husband, has, since 1851, lived at Chinon, witli her daughter, who.is now about sixteen years of age. She visited iii the society of town and neighbourhood, and towards the end of last year brought out her daughter, who is very pretty. The girl was thought very forward in her.manners ; but that demeanour was attribnted to the- inconsiderateness of youth. Before long, however, it became rumoured that she was very free with the coach--man and the man himself had boasted that her was the lover df his young mistress, and that she was about to become a mother. In January last he disappeared, and Mdme L. stated that she had been obliged to discharge him because he had the impudence to ask her hand in marriage. The mother and daughter afterwards went into society as usual, but they were the subjects of much malevolent remark. Things continued in that state until August last, when the commissary of police of the district received several anonymous letters, stating that in the ngiht of the 29th of July, the young lady had been delivered of a child alive, and that the little creature had been killed by the young lady’s mother. As on July 31 the mother and daughter were seen walking abont their house and grounds as usual, the commissary attached little importance to the letters; but he communicated them to the public prosesutor, and the latter deemed it right to question the lady. She indignantly declared the statemeut unfounded, and after some hesitation, laid a complaint of calumnious denunciation against her ex coachman. But she was tkld that in order to support the complaint it was necessary that her daughter should be ezamined by a medical man. She consented, though with manifest repugnance; but when a physician a few hours after presented himself at her house, she said that the examination vras unnecessary, as she was ready to admit that her daughter had been delivered of a child, but that it was born dead, and that she had burned the body—and she declared that she had become enciente in consequence of violence committed on her by a coachman ; she also said that she had been silent on the subject of this violence, and had burned the body of the child from a fear of scandal. On that both mother and daughter were arrested. The young lady at first told the same tale as the mother, but being pressed with questions she declared that no violence bad been used by the coachman, and that the child was not born dead, but had been killed by her mother before being burned. /Since then, Mdrae L. has persisted in her original story, and says that in contradicting it her daughter must be labouring hallucination. Both mother and daughter are. to be tried for infanticide..

Birth-flace of the Duke of Wellington.—lf it be legally as well as poetically true that “ every child that’s born at sea belongs to the parish of Stepney,” we congratulute the good people of /Stepney on a somewhat distinguished parishioner. It has always been stated that the Great Duke of Wellington was born either at Lord Morington’s residence in Dubliu, or at Dangan Castle, county Meath ; and even Burke accepts as an established fact his nativity on Irish soiL Th& Duke, it is well known, would never say “ yes” or “ no” when questioned on the matter in the latter years of his life. We are in a position to state, upon evidence that admits of no dispute, the Great Duke wa3 born neither in Ireland nor in England : he was a Stepnian—a genuine child of the ocean. The Countess of Mornington, his mother, was taken with the pains of labour whilst crossing in a sailing-boat from Holyhead to. Dublin. The wind was adverse, and the future conqueror of Waterloo .first saw the light on board O' packet, about half-way between the coasts of Wales and Ireland. The late Lady Mary Temple, daughter of the Marquis of Buckingham,.who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when “ Arthur Welesley ” obtained bis first commission, used to say she had often heard him joked, and had often joked, him herself, at her . father’s viceregal table on the place and circumstances of his birth. The Duke, as A., D. C. to the lady’s father, could not well be angry then ; with Lady Mary ; but he begged her in after-life, never to mention the subject again in hjs presence. The story, however, is confirmed by the fact of the. Duke having been baptised in Dublin, in May 1769, on the Ist of which month his birth is said, to have happened. At all events, if the Great Duke was really a native of Stepney, it would seem as if a grateful nation “ passed” his ashes after death to the neighbourhood of the parish to which he belonged.— E. W. in once a - Week. The whole of the French force for China has now sailed.