RANDUM HEADINGS.

Waipa Post, Volume VII, Issue 327, 30 June 1914, Page 5

RANDUM HEADINGS.

WOMEN GUIDES IN HUNGARY.

In Budapest women guides and interpreters wear a different-coloured ribbon for eaclv language which they speak. They are to be seen walking about the city, waiting at railway stations, and driving in carriages. Some have two or three ribbons, and others have four, five or six. Bright red represent English, a heliotrope or lavender German, a brilliant yellow French, a pale blue Italian, and a brown Danish. Dutch is shown by a Nile green, and so on throughout all the colours and most nations of the earth. -'

THE MARRIAGEABLE AGE.

In the United States the marriageable age—when marriages may be legally contracted without the consent of parents—varies in different States. In most of them twenty-one is the legal age for males; for females it is twenty-one in Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Virginia, [West Virginia and Wyoming. In all the other States which have laws on the subject the legal age is eighteen for females, except in Maryland, where the legal age for females is sixteen. • In Austria the legal age for man or woman is fourteen. In Germany the man must be at least eighteen years of. age. In France and Belgium the man must" be eighteen and the womanfifteen. In Spain the intended husband must have passed his fourteenth year and the woman her twelfth. The law in Hungary, for Catholics, is that the man must be fourteen years old and the woman twelve; for Protestants, the man must he eighteen and the woman fifteen. In Greece the man must have seen at least fourteen years and the woman twelve. In Portugal a boy of fourteen is considered marriageable and a woman of .twelve. In Russia and a youth must not marry, until he" can count eighteen years and the woman till she can claim sixteen to her credit. In Switzerland men from the age of "fourteen and women from the age of twelve are allowed to marry. In Bulgaria and Servia the girl whe is not*, betrothed by her sixteenth birthday is considered hopelessly ineligible.

THE CARDINAL'S HATS

A cardinal never wears the red hat that is the actual symbol of his rank but he has other hats, for by the law of the Church there are provided for him no less than six different forms of headgear. . In the first place there is his ordinary, everyday hat—the black, widebrimmed affair such as clerics wear. Secondly, there is a red hat bordered with gold, which he uses when he goes to church in his red cassock. At one time this was the cardinal's everyday hat. And there is another peculiar hatquite large, witli-a small crown of red silk bordered with gold. This is called the capellone, and at one time it protected the cardinal's head as he walked abroad in the sun, and an-attend-ant held it over him. In these days, however, it is used only upon extraordinary occasions, such as canonisations The dean of the .household, to whose- care it is entrusted, holds it suspended from his left arm. Another hat is the biretta. It has different coverings for the seasons; in summer it is covered with light silk, in winter with heavy cloth. Both silk and cloth are red. There are other birettas for other members. of the clergy. That of the cardinal is to be distinguished by reason of the fact that, at the meeting place of the horns, there is a loop of silk instead of the asual pompon. That particular biretta which the Pope bestows on the cardinal is never worn. Next in the list comes the red skullcap sometimes called the calotte., and sometimes the zucchetta. All priests may wear a skull-cap, but only a cardinal may wear a red one. Lastly, there is the pontifical hat, which is never worn, not even at the moment when the prelate becomes a cardinal. The pontiff merely holds it above the new cardinal's head as he. •confers the office. This hat, the real symbol of the cardinal's dignity, is ■of red cloth lined with silk. Two cords? hang from it, and end in fifteen tassels arranged in five rows. The cords are ■of red silk entwined with gold. Other •ecclesiastical hats have the cords, but ronly the cardinal's are red. The cords •'for bishops and archbishops are ..green, those for patriarchs^are green • entwined with gold, and those of most prelates are black. Then, too, only the cardinal's cords have fifteen '■ tassels. It is a tradition that the red hat of •the cardinal is due to the following • circumstances: • The Countess of Flanders complained to Innocent IV. ■ that, in a great assemblage, she could ■ not distinguish cardinals from abbots : and other great personages of the 'Church. Accordingly, at the Council • of Lvons, in 1245, the Pope prescribed ■ the red hat to replace the miter; and '' ever since that time the symbol of the •cardinal's rank has been a reel hat> ,: Since the year 1464 red robes have [■ been worn by cardinals; the purple robes, which were originally decreed 'by Boniface VIII., are worn only in Lent and Advent. •