CHARTER OF UNITED NATIONS

Timaru Herald, Volume CLVIII, Issue 23261, 24 July 1945, Page 3

CHARTER OF UNITED NATIONS

i Undedyin - ' F.?? o- Pe<tce And Precess ■ lb- ('■ ;>- :i N.-11--':- . ■■ <. m ' ' l>d 1 inienliui'.- ol liu- .'(> cum :■■■- timt ■ s.i. red iim : t!: cl lug it. rest :l, . . -. . p I'.'. ’. -bOllt I tile world. Tie- : -..T.-itirm ol tlir'c hones is the . fimdamenm’: ini and puri'me of the : mw cri-'pm. ction. Thev are iht n wives ' e-nbodied in the first v « rd< 01 the d heder. Its nre’mblc expression to the ddmmiiw.ti-m nt ine people of ■ tiie United Nat '<-ns h; saw their children and child’a n unborn irom ihc 1 si-mane <;! war. to net » t w faith in. the 1 h isi? . lits of men and wo:m‘n and of in;’ions, t) ensure ju.-i me and r; p“Ct fh n ob’i-m'ioiis I'.' in’ern■* 1 :<mal it 5 n the ( "idition under winch mankird believes ;he<> things icon be arhiewd- by n’-.w-i-m'* toler- ' mice and' (-o-.i yci nb( s’- iw unit|mm ilia strenath o; freedom-loving in order to ’.u '3 '.iie iwuce. by , m.r.'-y. in the common and by ■ < o'l.-bcratiim on an int f i-iali-mal scale 'lO advance id? :mmn economic . • miditions of ::!i peoplm. A Combined I'.ffort ’We. the peoples of Hie United ;on<.” ihe Charter says. . . have w. oivej to combine cur efforts to •■•nd so ratification of *>.• Charter ; ’ 'iman that 50 na:m.i< -and others a’.° expected to seek to j in them will ! come logciher in single union, !.’ ■ < \er much their indi-. idur.l points : o! view may be al variance, on ihe • I r •!', of the common pirn :ose of main!tu ning peace and securitv. The very •I that they have able to agree ml no an interna:iona! organisation o' ;i of ihe five ‘Greai Powers” and ;mo of the small is perh ips the most 1 im ■ riant, achievement of all. , . ■ ‘.r Charter was wriHrn at ’die “x 01 ihe most widespread and mo' -’ldy the best understood war in !m”.ory. al a time when the lessons of war wore vividly clear and some of the complications of its aftermath were emerging. It bears the imnrint of these things. Jr has been said that the Charter • to reconcile the. hard fact, of the , : Powers’ clahn to leadership with tiie ideal of universal and equal reprej •Tibalien of all nations. It creates a : General Assembly on which every I J-alima will b? equally represented and I which will he a kind of world forum. ' i\\ 'Ji Ire.'dom for all to discuss any | ! maker within ihe s.co'm of the Charter. : Tom. n. ihe vital qimsimns of the actual ' ■-•n-t of disputes and of enforce- : F' (! - lioi). it ‘grants an extraordinary of a.uthority to the Great jFowc! -. ’'Caking them nermanent members m Security Council, which as its nem implies will carry the main .iuriicn gi il;e task ol seciring the •peace, ii renews on them ihe major] shoe ol ’ burden, rreoenishk! that! ■hm font : a predvmie uim- inopor- '• a n oj IT?ouit ■ . : n;i :i|or and iiitliisi ial capaciiv c.i' ihe world. Ill' :-.( •>■ • <’>) i 'AJiii; .)!•, I \l O<'ir O’vn <h\.oii-.id. tl;p Clxirter ; ■ r 1 - ,lie ■■■ (u Powerhi< h ilicm- • s--iv(”. ( in < ;-|- -... iine.-s. Ihe 1 >' ! t'> ox- ',t on <■ - -:n,miiiiity 1 amo'i'’, themselves before th? organisa- : firn (■; •>! act in mailers unon which •h n cf the world max depend, o' unanimitv is the key to s’stem of secmily. If the 'Old * '• : •?.-1 of ■“•i'vi : r (i:\ !•'■• iw oncil- :• :■ !■.•■■'- ■ :., [| railI ' ■ rm one . -.i' o -'orne ■ : with a ; '■- 1 ’ m<as- lie "! ‘ w • ■•’•d support of one •m • • ’ : or uini alion : ’T e • s* rength V/chm 1 Iw. uw hs the v-m begin ] .a;. '.-..1 members Of the United NIo in-, size. ' nature and ci' oosi'ioD ol the armed ; iorces. lac.'lila ;> and other forms of ; assistance ib.al they will make avail- | able on its <■;>!!. . While combined nr’wd str. m;th will 1 thus be held in readiness ior direct j action if al! el.w Jaih primary emphasis remains on i-wieoful proced- • ores and means of scaling disputes and local.’sinr. them ar. far us ‘ possible. 1 are <2hen full riTommion. us long as • run « iiitrj- to those c! ;'u- wider c’v.uinisalion Under the supervision of ! Hl b? made of them. . Fur more than the Covenant of (he old I ?aeue of Nations, th? new Charter looks beyond Ihe svmp'oms of world ailments into theii roo! causes. It I recognises tlie profound mfhrmce that

economic and social conditions can have no peace and security, and sets objectives of full employment and high standards of living in front of all nations collectively and individually. Il points (lie way to progress for the peoples of all dependent territories, recognising their own well-being and advancement, as the paramount consideration of their administration, and it sets up a system of trusteeship that is a great advance upon the old mandates system. Stiucluie Outlined Here, briefly described, is the structure of the United Nations and its ’ principal organs as proposed by Hie 1 Charter: — First, the General Assembly, in i which each nation may have up to Five representatives but only one vote. It ; will meet in regular annual sessions | and in special sessions when necessary. An organ of examination, discussion and recommendation rather than of action, it may discuss any matters within the scope of the Charter and make recommendations on any of them except disputes or situations that the Security Council may be handling at, the time, unless tiie Council asks for such a recommendation. By its discussions alone, however, it can turn the spotlight, of world opinion on international affairs, ami in that fact is seen one of its most important ITinclions. With the same reservation, the Assemble may recommend measures for the peacefur adjustment of any situation, regardless of its origin, "that it deems likely to impair general welfare of friendly relations among nations. An important point of its rules is that it, may make these recommendations and al! its other important decisions by a two-1 birds majority vote. The Assembly mav also discuss such matters as the regulation of armaments. and it will receive and discuss annual and special reports from the Security Council. II is charged generally with studying means of promoting international co-operation in political, economic, social, culture 1. health and educational fields. Second, th? Security Council of 11 inembers, bearing the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and sitting in continuous session. The manner in which it will operate will be described in the second ar’icle in this series. Tiiird. the Economic and Social Council of 18 elected members. Operating under the authority of the General Assembly, it will have a wide range of activities in an almost unlimited field of economic, and social nroblems. A. laler article will describe the functions prone ed for it. Fourth, (he Trusteeship Council, which will supervisee the administration cf present and future mandates and oilier dependent territories (hatma.y be voluntarily placed under tb.c Irm *('(•-hip system. This also will be the subject of a separate arlicle. Fifth, the Tu ernationa 1 Court of Justice, winch will be. in the main, a j continuation of the old Permanent Court, and will meet at it'; former seat at The Hague to ha’idie legal disputes that nations may submit to it and give advisory opinions to tlw or animation Sixth, tiie Secretarial, comprising a Secrclary-Genf'iiii. apy-anied by the Crcncral Assembly on ’iie recommendation of ihr Security Council, and the ni'cessarv staff. Tiie exclusively inI I i’national character ol (heir resporisihilit.ies is preserved in the Charter. I’vliu-h forbids any nation seeking to ' Nr\ >Ft.ml’s Position j v’ill eun hi-roiue a member |»! ’L- ’ a iirr.il A" rmi»!y. by virlur of | ■>• .' f"’ "IT ' < '''ll, >' Fl,I !■> | (1111- !,,, li ■ r s’i", at '' work in 1 (»ndon on iUc ’ : .ni’Tiiirnl;; diroii'-h .>u‘ • u; p c ' I ■ i.mmit tee.