MR. MIALL'S OPINION ON THE INDIAN CRISIS.

Colonist, Issue 43, 19 March 1858, Page 4

MR. MIALL'S OPINION ON THE INDIAN CRISIS.

..-...,-. . {From the Home New?.) ~ . : , A large meeting held at Bolton. under the auspiceSiOf the " Society for Liberating the Church from State Control,'' was addressed at great length by Mr. Edward Miall, on the,subject of State-interference, with religion in India. Mr. Miall tpok car^e to state that the opinionshe expressed were his own,1 and disclaimed assuming responsibility for .any. party. But we give, a ; large- extract , from his. speech,- as,it is well knovyn to. : re,-| .present, with considerable fairness, the views of a section of the community which grows .in numbers and importance :-r, ;, • , il.believe that it is.necessary that; the, British,.supremacy in* our Indiaai empire . should be maintained and regained at any • cost., 'There are many who possibly :differ • from mp in. the view which I take on. this . subject. J, do not for myself, in the. -slight-. . est: degree, pretend that that supremacy wasrachieved by us, by means that sCor- ' • mend;themselves;either to my understanding,. prto-my sympathy, or to my principles. I. believe that those who, are-most, closely . anol..most.-,-thoroughly conversant with;the . history of tjie .Indian, ; empire .will ( be: the! ; first,tp. admit that, in the: attainment;of that .rempire, and iivobtaining the grasp \ye now . Jiave uponthe different populations of the' • j; E!a;st, ; crimes .of the:deepest dye \yere.com- . rnitted by- our countrymen;*-. Fraud and i violence. wfre .the principal instruments; ; by • : ,w ; h|ch-that-empire was, obtainepl;-and I am i ;very sorry to. say; that,, to a;yery considera- .: .-bjie -extent, fraud and, iViolence;;haye con■.■tiniaeditQ be weapons -too, familiar,;to the % governments, of India, even down to ,the ; -present, day. ;, But I .cannot shut : my. eyes /^.thisiconclusion, that .if; we vwere; now^to ; ■retire-;from the ppsition in which we find ■/opiuifsjejves/possibly by. tlie ; crimes pf.our fore- - ifajihers, we shpujd notyield a compensation ,' io ; those populations who .are subject toiour f'.s^y, .but rather deliver them jover- to-worse ; jQinarchy, cruelty, arid jdiacord thari -any of ( Twhich those., who' conquered .the .country can be held to Have been guilty. The

very evil of the means', jay^wliicH we ; have, come, into .possession, seems to, me, tp.pma upon, .our .consciences : . that we. should nqt, increase the evil by. letting-, go the pqsses-j sion. •, But, the possession must < not be for ourselves; not for the gratification, of our lust of powerand dominion; notfor the extension of our trade; not for the encourage-, merit and the patronage of our upper classes of society; not even to put- food into the' mouths of the working population, important as that' may be; but if. we : are to hold India we" should hold it for the benefit of the inhabitants , thereof, and to pay ; back, something of the debt of justice that is due to them on account of the crimes committed... by former governments and by .civil governors. We hold India that we may develop its splendid resources; we hold it that we may diffuse peace and plenty among the people; and, above all, in my conviction, we hold it under the sanction of the providence' of Almighty God that we may exhibit to India the beatity of that' Christianity .which we profess—thatwe may, send forth to the sons of India the religion which, will overturn one of the absurclest, the vilest, and the cruetes^. superstitions that ever debased the human- mind. , jßut if we hold upon these terms,' recognising our high, responsibility and,, .keeping constantly in view the great spiritual end and : object of our mission there* it is of the last importance we should not err respecting the character of those means we are to employ, in order to diffuse what we call and-believe to be the blessings of civilisation and Cnristianity. If, for example, any idea were entertained of reproducing in bur eastern empire what we see at hornej if we are to have a large and splended hierachy; if we" are to have a clergy burdening the re£; sources of the land; if we are to have law compelling taxation for the support. of religious and Christian institutions; if we are to have the slightest interposition by law to prevent the .freest exercise of opinion among thei natives, then, I say, it is better we should not pretend to Christianise India at all. (Cheers.) Far before that we should riot take upon us the responsibility of endeavouring to persuade the natives that such is our object when that would' be a frightful misrepresentation of that system pfi religion which we aim to introduce. But, then, on the other hand* while I would say we must have no establishment—-no interference of Government on the other.hand,.l say,;and I say it decidedly, let Government perform its own appropriate functions, let what will be the pretence, arid what will be the consequence. You know there are a considerable number of religions in India. I will not attempt to describe them to you nbw. ' The two great forms are those of the Mahoniedans and those1 of the Hindoos. With respect to Mahomedanism, you know that it is a profession of faith in one time Goo], and that Mahomet was his prophet: but the grand characteristic of this systerh is this—that is the ofuty of every true Mussulman, so far as Providence allowed -him the opportunity, to propagate his system oF religion by the sword. With respect to the Hindoo system, it would be. difficult in a few words to convey to you any notion of the absurdity, of the impurity, and of the cruelty of the system. It-has a priesthood —the Brahmins—consisting of a peculiar caste, receiving their privileges by'inheritance arid descent, arid enjoying them \vithout any pretence whatever of benefiting the community, or, of rendering to their fellow-. rrien spiritual advantages in return for their temporal benefits, but monopolising in; themselves and for themselves all ..the,ad-; vantages which a .priesthood cari,possibly! monopolise, and this on the pretence that; they are; a superior race. : t Their religion: runs into all the ramifications of social life; it pervades and governs almost all the domestic :and individual actions of man arid woman; it is a tyranny the most galling—. an absurdity the most absurd and offensive. It creates and keep's up an ignorance as dense as can he' found in any part of the world. It completely elevates, at the expence of the rest of the community, one! particular class, .to do as they will with the rights of all the others. Such is the system ; among the ; Hindoos.. I believe they have about, 300,000,000 deities,--. whom. they worship as : divine. . I will not offend you by attempting to describe the celebration of their worship on their festival days. I could do so without exposing myself to the reproach of exciting ideas among an English audience that ought never to be; excited; but the government of the East India Company has actually paid and supported both, these religions. Aye; riot only, paid the Hindoos and Mahometans in prder to the support of their several forms of .worship,., but have actually taken care that the money which tliey paid should not be wasted upon the-perspns of'-those who professed to receive it, without the render* irig of that religious, duty for .which the money was received. In every collec- ; tbrate, arid especialy in- the western part of India, a considerable portion j, ofthe rent paid to Government is subtracted by the collector before the sum is : paid intti the treasury, and is given either to the Hindoo or., tne.. Brahmin, or the Mahomed^n spiritual officials for the support of their different' temples;' anil^each one is obliged to bring in a certificatefrom the inhabitants of the towns or villages that, he has; duly performed the religious rites which, he had undertaken <to perform, 1 : This- is ; carry ing out the principle of an establishmenttpa/very considerable extent. We support church'of Englandism here; we' support: Presbyterianisni in Scotland, we support Roman Catholicisrii to a certain, and to'a very small extent in Ireland and in the colonies, but to j a'large extent in Oariada; we support Hindopisrn and Mahbriiedariisih iy ,our,:ln(iian ; ernpire. But the Gb^rnment' have gpiie farther than this- Ifeeli^jtliat' *the system, of caste m Inclia, if t left /to 'itself,, under the light of Christianity, and of the intellect which has been let; in upon it by missionary; operations, anclby. the., .presence ofrEuropeans in the midst of the people—l j believe it has actually beeri on the point: of giving way. Indications appeared here

knH ; there that" tHef 'systerri ;was relaxing' its hold even rupbii'the^mm classes, of society, and. if it had been,entirely left to;,itself; to-stand upon,its,own merits—or I f wpuW. rather say. left "to'fall by its,own demerits—by this time.it, would have got into proper, case. ,-,■ ButrtheGoyernment of India, anxious to. collect re-r venue, and'desirous of "extending its dominion' over the natives, timidly refrained from" '■ doing anything ' which . could; be. regarded as offensive in the eyes- of'thepopulation. They recruited their, chief army—the Bengal army—almost' exclusiveiy from among the' high, caste, the, Bralirriins, who joined chiefly': from the kingdom of Oude, and they indulged these soldiers in all their, caprices, whims, and fancies. Now what I, say is .this, that while Government on the one harid must do nothing whatever to interfere with: theprofession or pi'actice: of the religious'tenets held by the several religious races in India, yet Government must; perform^ its own appropriate functions—it'mustr do justice as between: man and man, whatever be the ■ religious pretences that ai-e put forward by; any ■persori--it must recognise nothing, either in one case or the other,, by which to identify itself with the .religions that may be practised, Why,,, our^soldiers,. pur Christian soldiers, have beencompellM by; this Government ,tp7gp forth arid.fire a salute to lan Indiari-.idol pn. : & festival;day,, have been furnished frequently as a ; guard; of honor, and sent to attend as a guard of honor even1 upon' those rites.ari&festivals that were characterised by-excess of impurity, and by, the most ;villano;us atrocities. Now all this cbmes out of one .%ystern—on'e principle^ arid-that is, pretending that the interests'of the people are the 'affairs.. of Government. I; den^ it altogether! I deny that governments M'e-insti-tutecLfor. the, purpo.se.of interfering between God and man's ! conscience. The relation in which we stand-to the great Creator of all is too" high "and sacred to;adfliit of any tampering'with it by the "powers that be." Let them bear the sword.in.'oftier,to punish eyil-dpers, and to encourage them that clo well; but let them not preten^.tp,.intrjii'de into that sphere,.where. ; it' is".lmnossible for them to.take, ajiy.single step without trampling upon \ the very first principles of spiritual religion1. .They:must'either encourage one sect at the expense' of a]l the othersi and thus coimnit' injustice, or' they must encourage all 7 sects equally, and thus shew a contempt for ' sacred truth; (Hear:) But; this is not' thewhole'.of the question/ What I think the Grovefrimerit of India should be called upon to do. is this, siniply to abstain from iriterposition in religious affairs, whether they belong, to the inhabitants, of the .country, or to .'residents .|who may. visit the country. \^hethei\tjiey are connected, with HiridooismjMahomedariism, or Christianity, let the Government abstain from interfering in any religious affair until man, under the pretence>of religion; begins to trespass on the rights of his fellow-men.

Movements and Departures s of Troops ;; FOR India. — From November, 26," to ; Deceriiber 10.—The' following reinforce- j. nierits, selected frorii; the Ist and 2nd bat-; talibns at Chathjivri, embarked on bbard the i steamer Leppolo!, which left| Portsmouth ori i December 2, to join^ the service companies; of. thek respectiye iregiments in Bengal,; Madras, and r Bombay, viz.—-^th. Royal; Eusiliers, (51 rank ; and file; Earns-1 killensj 16. men;- of all ranks; 52nd, Light j Infantry, 12men; 61stRegiment, 11 men;; 18th Regiment^ ,8 men ;o 87th Royal Irisn| Fusiliers, -16 rion-comissioned officers and! men ;'aftd ;91th Regiment,^ 35 men of allranks, Theofficers selected to embark in: charge of the reinforcements: are Okptairij W. Corbet^ 52nd' Light Infantry^- aridj; Lieutenant W. BL'J:!liahce:, 98th' Regiment; The Leopoidj^after^prpb'eediri^ town to.take pn.board the^trbqpsmpn^ibififedj in conriec.tipn.. with her in, our last,;saited! ; for , Kurrache.e. . Reinforcen^ents , for./ the 84th ..Regiment,-•itQ I .the / number l pf^l jnjen,! have received orders to proqeed .tp-.P]ymou|W to join their regirrient at that.,stationjaftdj proceed'with it bver-larid to India. viMajorj S. G. Briributyv conimanding the imedical; Staff Col;p§ at ] Chatham, has: received 1 an1 order'directing liirii* to hold in readm'ess 30' 6rderlies| ' wardiriastfeVs^'arid' "stewardsI'^ that, cbrpp1, who 'are' to' proceed to liidi^ forj the" purpose of being; employed ks assistdh't dispensers in the military' hospitals., .Tfie? 'following officers haye. joined ' the .depot companies. of their respectiye regimen ts,,at Chatham previously to embarking.for.lndia viz., Captain H. W.; P. Welman, ;86th "Ee-^ giment, for the purpose /of assuming t the command of his depot stationed- at • Sti Mary's Barracks;; Ensign, Webster;:>BtK Regiment';-Ensign Rossi 25th Reginient,^ and :Ensigri Cdmborland",.7stb Regimerit.; Captain A. W. Johnsonj:\Lieuteriant1 Eltony and 80 ! non-comtnisioned": - officers : arid gunners, detatchraeiits j'rom 'Srdarid 14th battalions Jlbyal Ar.ti^ery, ijayd erii--barked; on board (he^Peninsular "and Oriental ; (Company's steamer , Ifldus^ for Alexandria, to proqeed by u thelOverlano] route to Bombay and Madras. c The first draught of the new* cavalry leyyi in the service of the East India Companj^shave embarked ori' board' the screw steamship Gertrude for Calcutta. "The number of rank and'file vVho e'mbarkisid was 450 f witli five officers: Ori December 12 the sec'brid; draught of payalry recruits will be^de-f' spatched to 'the "same destiriation. Wheri this body («560 strong) liasjleft the barracks:, recruiting for .:th'e East India.' Oompaiiy, which has been susperi(Je4 jn iCbnseftUjence of Warleyi Barracks , not modation for -a - large ■ number;;,of, men, will recommence. : The; Bth company.; of Rpyal Sappers and Miners, under the comf; marid of Captain _W: ; -Ft Lambert, Ro^al Engineers, 1 is under brdersito leave head^quarters, Chatham, ar)d%hibark for Chinay the ord6r. for its' ehibatkation for! India haymg bfeen countetmandedv: The Bth company has. been augmented' to its'full 1 number,., ari3 is ndyt\ 1120, stfongj "including nori-ebmniissioried^^ officers and men. ;

\:^r:- ■•': GEORGJB / .STEJi!KS,,,; .--•-,- the ; American marine AiicHMECfTi JChe recent death of this'en^ih'eritriauticaV ■architect,^caused 'ai riiostprofdurid.setis^tibri m America, /which will, extend, not only' throughout' that country, but Siirpp^and the civilised world,,, S!*br, however I'eriibite the .region,, whet|ier. in^ .arctip^climes, jor torrid zones, the name.andiames of oeorge^ Steers have been borne into every, sea whitened.by the sails of comriierce,; His •untimely end,, cut off in the very prime of life, in the vigour of his manhood and usefulness, will be deeply lamented by all who have watched his proud career, arid witnessed his extraordinary triumphs. Inispired by a generous. arid ardent love for his profession, jie rose, by his owh>unaided exertions, from a journeyman mechanic to, the enviable position of the first marine ■architect in the' 'world. '•-

The builder; of thfe'yacht America, and the steamships Niagara ,and Adriatic,' was" born iri the ,year 1823, in the district of \ Cpl umbia. Before" he w'i£s ten years of age he,removed to New York city, -ftlr,.-. Steers, : from boyhood,, deypted his whole .time, and ; energies to the study of; naval architecture; outside of that pursuit he had nojambition, desired no triumph,- ■ The. Mr.: Steers met with was1 not the result of accident," but the development of aa early..conceived principle^ Fhich. he carried out in 'every vessel he built^ His system^ conceived when a inefe" boy, and* illustrated in thevfprm":'6f't)ie^mgara ano!: Adriaticj is based upon the assumptipii that for a vessel to sail easily, steadilyj and rapidly, the displacement of ,w.al;er imustbe nearly,uniform along the lines. When he laid the keel of the pilot .boat -Mary Taylor, he engaged, in advance to make a faster, a drier, an 4 a steadier craft, than Jiad' ever left;the;}pQrt of New York,, so confident was he of his power, and he-succeeded exactly according ■to his expectations. '' : '

Previous to this achievement* a vessel had never been ,built, where "tlie centre 'of disp]aceiri6ntf"had" V:.:noi f:'bee!ri:' -forward1 of the beam. Fears were general]^1 ;eht;erj;ained thaj; this *'ne\y form Some. predicted tnat . s this] -vessel 'would plunge under', water,; others|,t^6u^ght that, in,, rough, l feather, '~n o., piie coiild, ,H"ve on deck; all; of w,h^ch prophecies. are. certainly. contra.qlic|ed; -by, ■. fact.' ; For, encountering less resistance from the narrow; baws, the vessel: went faster,? and experienced no cor r responding' strain^ and sHftered: no more in tcMgb wbather' than -■> iri '• the i summer; breeze; The; advantages'' 'of* Mr. Steers' system»' of shipbuilding may be1 thus-! sa%imed-upj':~ First,''•greater specd L witiv tlife same tonnage and canvass^ „ Secohtl, greater stability lii the yess'el^-tha't is, an mcreased KpM Ujpon thiir'water. ThiM,f;^eater/feve^riess" anlJ equality, ,of• motion,/resulting from '; an equalised leverage-r-rsince the masts,, as levers, workiinpre uniformly upon the fulcrum of the, ship.; r ■

At ten years of age, for his own amusement, Mr. Steers built a scow, eight feet long, -which an elder brother broke Ao pieces, lest George should get drowned. After some little experience hi boatbuilding, at the age of sixteen years,- he built a sail boat', sixteen feet long, named Martin Van Bu'ren, which beat the Gladiator three miles in a race of twenty four', at the time creating immense astonishment. At eighteen years of age, he built the row boat John 0. Stevens, thirty feet long, three feet ten inches in beam, thirteen inches deep, and, with a full crew on board, drew only four inches of water, and weighed ibut one hundred and forty pounds. She beat the Unexpected, the Sylph, Brooklyn, J. W. Willis, Johnny on the Green, and many other well-known boats. Upon examination, it was shewn that she was the lightest, as she1 was believed io be the' fastest, boat of the kind in the world. "At nineteen, he built the Manhattan, sail! boat, of twenty seven tons, forty four feet in' length,' fourteen feet ten inches beam, six feet deep. , f {At twenty one, he builk the pilot' boati 'William G. Hagstaff, for the Jersey pilots. iHer speed was; so, great .that- she passed with ease' any of the boats belonging to the '.New York pilots, creating a great deal of animosity among the New Yorkers against its builder. t This boat was sold and carried to California, and wa's frh'ally1 wrecked a£ the mouth of the Columbia1 River, and every remnant 'left from the storm was burnt up( by the Indians' The^Syren and Sybil were next built for the New York Yacht Club, and are still in existence, very fast and very popular boats. , In ]842, Mr. Steers,built the schooner St. Mary the First, of two hundred and fifty tons- burthen, which could beat any schooner that ever went outside of Sandy Hook. This vessel was finally sold to the Government in the Mexican war to carry two great guns to Vera Cruz, to be used m the bombardment of that city. She is now running, regularly between Baltimore and Rio Janeiro. f In six weeks' notice, ( he built one small steamer for Seneca Lake, whicn gave en,tire satisfaction to the owners. In the year 1844, he built two steamers for Lake Ontario. . i ' The Genessee Chief, built in sixty days, of four hundred and fifty tons, is still running, and is considered the best boat ever on the lake. The yacht, ttna, built for J. W. Waterbury, was never beaten in ,a ra,ce until George.Steers built a boat that accomplished it. The Cornelia, a schooner built for the Yacht Club, Was very fast, and gave universal satisfaction.

The Queen of the West, built at Buffalo, is1 the fastest and smoothest going boat in' the world. Six boats of the same sifce,Jancl for the same line, were built at the same town by .other parties; but none of them ever approached the Queen of the West in speed or comfort.

The world famed yacht America, one, hundred and seventy tons, was commenced in December, 1850, and left for England in June following. Tne yacht Silvie, one hundred tons, was built at the same time,

and went to England. She is very fast. The America, in the celebrated race, sailed sixty miles, and beat all England nearly one third the, distance. * Then follow the briglit array of names so familiar to the ear: of the Mary Taylor, M. 11. Grinnell, and the yachts Julia Ray, L'Esperance, Widgeon, Cygnet. Then came the Pride of the Seas, a schooner, of two hundred and forty seven tons, that has beaten the time of any other sailing vessel in the world. We also have the Viguero, a propeller for Cuba, and the ship Sunny South, of seven hundred and eighty tons. The Sunny South has beater* -every vessel she ever came across in her trips' to San Francisco, China, and back to New York. These triumphs overcame, at last, all opposition, and established for the architect a reputation that forced itself upon the nation, and secured a worldwide fame.

The fact that Congress decided to- add to the navy six war steamships, was -received throughput America with pleasure. The construction of these ships became a subject of discussion, some urging that they should be built by- contract by some of their eminent shipbuilders, and others contending that they should be built in the usual way at the Government navy yards.

Five of the vessels .were handed over to the old fogy contractors of the Government,, but the widespread reputation of George Steer triumphed in 'the "construction of the sixth, so far as this—he was selected as its builder, and allowed the privilege of exhibiting his talent in the construction of the Niagara. Mr. Steers-appreciated'the importance of his position, and assumed it with full knowledge of its immense responsibility. The ship, originating as we have described, now rests' in triumph upon the limpid wave, soon to plume its 'wings and carry the triumphs of American genius and American power to the distant quarters of the globe. The name of Mr. Steers was'identified with the history of tne American mercantile marine. The brilliant achievement of the yacht America first made his' name known to the world as a marine architect, and the completion of- the steam frigate Niagara, and the Collins steamship Adriatic, had more than fulfilled all the expectations which his first efforts in shipbuilding had excited. The loss of such a man, whose genius has given greater efficiency to one of the most important departments of industry, will be regarded as a national calamity. He was a man- of rare genius, of the noblest instincts, and of incorruptible integrity of character. He had enjoyed but' slender opportunities for improving his mind by study, and out of his noble art he had but small acquirements. His knowledge of shipbuilding seemed to be an inspiration.

Probably, no man who ever achieved so great a reputation by his works, owed so little to book learning. At the time of his making the model for the world renowned yacht America, he was a journeyman in the employment of William H. Brown, in whose service he assisted in building the ■ Arctic and another of the Collins steamers. Since the victory achieved by the America, at Cowes, he has built a great' number of yachts, and some of the most beautiful of those belonging to the Yacht Squadron were of his modelling. But he had a genius for greater works than these, and he. had but just completed those noble speci-1 mens of naval architecture,, the Niagara and Adriatic, which he has not lived to see fulfil the promise' of their, superb models. Mr. Steers' was anxiously'waiting fdr these .noble vessels to make their first sea voyage before he made new, arrangements for building other vessels, and publishing a treatise on his system of shipbuilding. A brilliant career of usefulness was opening ' before him; he had many staunch friends; he had already achieved a higher reputation than any other American mechanic could boast of j but he has been suddenly cut down in the midst of his labours, and his untimely death will be felt as a national loss. He was thrown from1 a carriage'on' Long Island, when on his Way to Little Neck, where his family had been residing during the hot weather. He \v£s discovered lying on the road by two of his personal friends and neighbours, who happened to be driving but nedr Calvary Cernete'ry, bull ne was so much bruised .that they did not at first recognise him. lie was taken im-j mediately to his residence, surgical aid was| |sought, but his case was at once pronounced hopeless, and he died the same night. PeJ leaves a widow and a family of young children.

-HOME POLITICS. , The' far-going liberal members of Paflia-f- > _'ment recently issued a manifesto on the subject of parliamentary reform. It has been brewing since the summer, when a private , meeting was' held at the King's. Arms. . Palace-yard. This meeting was attended by some 30 members of Parliament, including Mr. Roebuck, who acted ■as chairman, Mr. Ayrton, Mr. Clay,., Sir John Trelawny, Mr. Platt (since dead), Mr. R. N. Philips, Mr. Gilpin, Mr. Whiter Mr. W. Williams. Mr. Edward Miall, and ' Mr. 1 Samuel' Morley were also present. A committee was appointed to draw up a " programme;" and some of the' gentlemen who met in the summer recently assembled at the Guildhall-coffeehouse to receive the' labours of the committee. It is stated that they were not unanimous, especially on the subject of - the £10 ( county franchise;1 but. it is understood that the document now. given to the public ,was adopted by ■ the majority. The manifesto brings' forward the following points as the leading features of parliamentary reform': 1— 1., The extension of the borough franchise in England and Wales b'everjr male per-1 son of full age,, and not ( " subject to any , legal who sliall occupy as owner or. tenant in part or, whole any premises within the borough which are rated to the relief of the poor.* 5" 2. The extension of the county franchise in England and Wales

——™—— -■— ■— ■■■■-<- ■■— ™ ■■■-'^..g - — ~~ :—-Jssr.— to .^BIO occupiers at,least; and-the,assjm|- vv lation,:as far- as; possible^ of the frsnejiiw j in Scotland and Ireland; to those^of England-;, and 'WaTe's. 3. Protectioh^th^yotcrb^ the ballot f on! a plan ' : similar adopted in the Austpalain colonies,if 4-/Ar!" reapjJointments' of seats, •■ that.shail iaake' such :an approach 5 t6' 'any'eo^lisatibir'^ constituencies as shall give in the Uriiteot'r Kingdom a majority, of, membersl to f &] majority of electors: 5;" Abolitions of^ property qualification for, members;''' "6.! The calling of a New Parliament every'] three years.