POULTRY NOTES

Southland Times, Issue 24027, 18 January 1940, Page 4

POULTRY NOTES

BY

’A. PEAT,

The official column of Iho Invercargill Poultry, f’igeon, Canary and Pet Club, and the Invercargill Canary and Cage Bird Specialists dub.

The Ovaltine Poultry Farm, England, has two nevz varieties now under test. One is a brown-red leghorn and has been built up from black, brown, and buff leghorns. The male is a very handsome bird with a jet black body and breast set off by golden neck and saddle hackles and a chestnut wingbow. He has a rich red eye and orange legs. The latter characteristic is hardly as good in the pullets which have a pleasing green sheen in their black plumage, with flecks of gold in the neck hackle and a brown-laced breast.

The other variety known as the Crested Red is a very docile, compact fowl with rich red plumage. It is chiefly Rhode Island Red blood with one cross of the Silkie to get the crest, and Old English Game to improve the flesh and breast shape. It is Intended to cross the females once more with a high record strain of Rhode Island Red, in an endeavour to increase the size as well as egg production. The Crested Reds are a rich red colour, with neat crests, and are chiefly rosecombs with white flesh. An attempt is also being made by the same firm to produce an all-red Leghorn but the difficulty up till now has been to avoid black tails in the females. An all-red colour is very hard to obtain.

HUGE POULTRY FARM The Taylor Milling Company of California has the credit of operating the largest poultry farm in the world today. It is situated eight miles from Los Angeles, and consists of 120 acres of land carrying 520,000 head of poultry which is hoped to increase to 700,000. The staff from all departments numbers 240. The incubators total 108 of 2900 egg capacity and 12 of 30,000 egg capacity. They give a hatching capacity of 650,000 chicks every three weeks. The capacity of all brooders amounts to 125,000. The breeding hens number 85,000 while 7000 cock birds are used for mating and an additional 4000 are kept in reserve and for replacement purposes. Considerable emphasis is laid on the use of milk solids for all classes and ages of birds, especially in the breeding and laying mashes to ensure the maintenance of high hatchability, fertility, and livability in both eggs and chicks. It is claimed that even coccidiosis has been successfully controlled and by a treatment which might well be tried by poultrykeepers in this country. The method is simple and _ consists of preparing a mixture consisting of 40 per cent skimmed milk powder and 50 per cent growers mash, and adding sufficient water to make a crumbly mash. One feed of this is given to the exclusion of everything else for one day, with the result that not only are coccidia effectively expelled from the intestinal tract, but conditions are created unfavourable to their continued existence.

The composition of the poultry mixtures is also interesting. The chick mash alone contains 21 different ingredients, such as ground maize, barley, wheat, skimmed milk, meat and bone meal, linseed cake, sesame meal, alfalfa leaf meal, blood meal, molasses, sardine oil, cod liver oil, oyster shell flour and salt.

ONE MALE TO THREE PENS The male is the most important part of the pen and no pains should be spared to obtain the best bird possible. It is certainly early yet but the best are always booked up early, and if you leave it till later all the best will be gone. You cannot expect a good bird for a few shillings above killing price. Some breeders with 20 or 30 hens are inclined to buy two or three low-priced male birds as they cannot afford or will not pay the price for three really good ones. These people

would be well advised to put all their money into one first-class bird, and divide their hens into pens of about six to 10 according to the number of hens and use one male for the lot. ROTA SYSTEM Keep the cock in the first pen for one day. In the evening put him in the second pen. Leave him there for a day and then put him in the third pen until the following evening, or if you have only the two pens he will be put back to the first and so on. By this method he will be in each pen one day and you will get twice as good fertility as in the ordinary way where you have the same male in the one pen all the time where he is wasting himself and tormenting the hens. Actually a hen only requires to be mated about twice a week and many only once to make all her eggs fertile. If your birds are on free range a vigorous cockerel will fertilize 20 hens and more if they are all running together. There is no reason why you should not mate fewer than 10 hens with your male if you do not need so many breeders. Many people make the mistake of putting a certain number of hens in a breeding pen so that they can fill their incubator quickly, even if some of the hens are not up to standard. This is a great mistake for you can only expect a fair percentage of second rate chickens. It is far better to have fewer chickens and have them good for the second rate birds take equally as much feed as the good ones and will eventually have to be culled out. .

Some argue that undermating causes infertility, but it all depends on the birds. I have had excellent results in single mating with both ducks and fowls. This problem of the number of hens in a pen has never been solved and no hard and fast rule can be laid down for it, nor for the number of days it takes to fertilize the first egg, and how long eggs will remain fertile. A good deal depends on the birds themselves and also on their feeding. In some cases a fair percentage will be fertile in three days, but you cannot expect full fertility until at least seven days. REASONS FOR INFERTILITY A question often asked is: What is good fertility? Any breeder should be satisfied if infertility is 10 per cent or less, and there is no need to worry if it rises to 15 per cent but above that it is time to look for a reason. Some of the possible reasons are: Breeding from stock of poor stamina, insect pests, such as red mite and lice, wrong feeding, lack of vitamins, over crowding or houses to small, lack of exercise, male too fat, sterile or in poor condition, birds too young or too old, colds, or poor management. Lack of vitamins may be hard to trace but the two most likely to be absent are A and D. Vitamin A is found in green vegetables and grass which should be fed liberally and in their absence i cod liver oil at the rate of one to two per cent will supply this need as well as vitamin D which can also be supplied through sunlight. Hence the necessity of having your sheds facing the sun and not too deep so that the sun can easily reach the back of the shed. SULPHUR DRESSING At the Florida Experimental Station of America the use of commercial flowers of sulphur has been found to be of great assistance in disinfecting runs and was broadcast at the rate of 8001bs an acre. The action of soil bacteria on sulphur produces sulphuric acid which renders the soil acid in action for one year. The increased acidity results in the disappearance of hosts of the poultry tapeworms, snails, slugs, and worms, and it also has an effect in retarding the life cycle of the common round worm whose egg must undergo a period of incubation on the ground. Have you any shy feeders among your pullets, the sort that hang back while the others are feeding or rush into the corner if anything upsets them? This sort of pullet is usually a young one more especially if mixed ages are running together and will not make a good layer unless something is done. When you go to sheet them up, you will find her crouching in a corner or in a nest box. First you will have to restore confidence and this is best done by stroking and talking to her when placing her back on the perch. Usually

you will find that others bully her am if the one you put her beside pecks a her put her somewhere else for tha is probably the cause of her bein; afraid and if placed between agreeabli companions for a night or two she wil be all right. EGG-LAYING_CONTESTS MASSEY COLLEGE (40th week) Single Light Breeds H. Saunders (W.L.) 6 22! Huxtable Bros. (W.L.) 6 22; A. Thomson (W.L.) 6 21' B. Wilkinson (W.L.) 7 21' Heavy Breeds Singles Huxtable Bros (A. 0. 6 20; Sunny River P.F. (R.1.R.) 1 17( A. Hoare (R.1.R.) 4 17; Light Breeds (six birds) J. Wilson (W.L.) 30 1251 H. Lucas (W.L.) 38 12.38 S. Morris (W.L.) 26 HOI Heavy Breeds (six birds) E. Stephenson (A. 0. 20 1162 W. Larsen (A. 0. 19 938 J. Wealleans (A. 0. 26 912 AUCKLAND (39th week) Heavy Breeds (six birds) W. Worthington (B.O.) 29 1115 Huxtable Bros. (B.O.) 24 1098 S. Huxtable (B.O.) j 23 1056 Light Breeds (six birds) S. Moore (W.L.) 34 1110 G. Douglas (W.L.) 20 1016 W. Spence (W.L.) 26 972 Single All Breeds W. McKechnie (B.O.) 6 216 Seddon College (B.O.) 5 215 Mrs M. James (B.O.) 0 214 Light Breeds (four birds) J. Nixon (W.L.) 24 846 Mrs Turner (W.L.) 26 816 L. Stuhlman (W.L.) 20 795 Heavy Breeds (four birds) F. Lusby (B.O.) 22 867 F. Lusby (B.O.) 19 786 Whangarei P.F. (B.O.) 21 767 Ducks (four birds) S. Vaile (K.C.) 26 952 E. Walker (K.C.) 24 929 Richard Bros. (K.C.) 26 885 PAPANUI (42nd. week) TEST No. I.—J. H. SHAW MEMORIAL CHALLENGE. For light and heavy breeds, single penned.

3 TEST No. 2.—WHITE LEGHORN SINGLE 1 HEN TEST. Three pure-bred pullets to be single penned.

TEST No. 3.—BLACK ORPINGTONS AND AUSTRAL ORPS.

TEST No. 4.—ANY VARIETY LIGHT OR HEAVY BREEDS, OTHER THAN WHITE LEGHORN OR BLACK ORPINGTONS.

TEST No. S.—SINGLE HEN TEST, LIGHT AND HEAVY BREEDS. Six pure-bred pullets to be single penned.

Weekly Total Total C. M. Goodman (A.O.) No. 1 1 211 C. M. Goodman (A.O.) No. 2 5 198 W. Turner (A.O.) 2 95 A. S. Barrett (A.O.) 4 184 V. Mabey (A.O.) 2 141 W. Baxter (R.I.R.) 2 184 J. R. Griffen (Barn.) 3 151 Ted Turner 6 208 V. Mabey 6 135 E. P. Anderson (No. 1) 5 183 G. H. Mitchell 5 138 T. S. Dove 1 4 183 R. Liggins 4 203 A. D. L. McClintock (No. 1) 6 201 A. D. L. McClintock (No. 2) 5 207 E. Tilley 7 180 T. Barr — 56 F. A. Atkinson 125 J. Still 6 180 W. Skelton 5 18G J. Turner (No. 1) 7 245 Mrs J. A. Ritchie 5 155 J. Cunningham 6 217 E. P. Anderson (No. 2) 4 155 J. Turner (No. 2) 5 195 W. Barrell 4 131 T. Cairns 6 225 E. T. Stewardson 5 161 A. C. Goodlet 4 138 A. D. L. McClintock (No. 3) 4 197

R. Liggins (No. 2) 3 216 H. S. Sanders 3 117 J. Hislop 2 130 A. O. Oakley 6 210

Total A. W. Pritchard 155 204 170 V. Mabey 211 162 190 Green Bros. - 191 204 T. S. Dove 200 200 205 E. P. Anderson 104 208 232 R. T. Thomson 222 201 215 J. Liggins 184 165 232 T. Barr 225 211 244 C. Bartley 211 163 211 R. J. Bate 16S 207 156 W. M. Evans 197 198 231 Cotswold Poultry Farm 117 233 191 W. Turner 236 214 176 W. A. Coombes 200 174 116 L. J. McNeill 206 187 224 S. B. Roberts 208 160 154 C. O. King 156 148 190 J. Turner 179 201 Mrs J. A. Ritchie 204 194 202 Mrs L. Loydd 162 203 143 J. E. Rainey 213 189 194 G. H. Dahlenburg (No. 1) 144 118 140 G. H. Dahlenburg (No. 2) 229 172 232 Mrs M. Garrett 236 176 204 A. C. Goodlet 158 197 207 Calder Bros. (No. 1) 213 210 165 Calder Bros. (No. 2) 168 161 197 Mrs A. W. Pritchard 102 194 237 J. Cunningham 186 213 195 A. O. Oakley 163 244 225 C. J. Murray 170 191 166 E. R. Buckley 169 • 182

Total W. A. Coombes 101 214 197 W. M. Evans 155 138 E. P. Anderson 186 142 181 S. Brumby (No. 1) 168 - 137 S. Brumby (No. 2) 212 210 179 C. O. King 108 205 226 T. Kennard 189 149 187 C. J. Murray 180 - 178 L. Williams 126 226 172 J. Still 197 183 217 Mrs E. Lees 193 144 158

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L 3/6 to 6/1 if and Youths Sing- Shorts, Pleat lets, Athletic - - - 1/8 to 2/6 Cotton Sun : Boys’ Lightweight Cotton, half Ladies’ Cesai sleeves 1/3 Pleated Shor BRASS BRO \lo5/ > Doublebee Men’s and E 5 and 7 DEE STREET you will find that others bully her and if the one you put her beside pecks at her put her somewhere else for that is probably the cause of her being afraid and if placed between agreeable companions for a night or two she will be all right. EGG-LAYING_CONTESTS MASSEY COLLEGE (40th week) Single Light Breeds H. Saunders (W.L.) 6 223 Huxtable Bros. (W.L.) 6 221 A. Thomson (W.L.) 6 214 B. Wilkinson (W.L.) 7 214 Heavy Breeds Singles Huxtable Bros (A.O.) 6 203 Sunny River P.F. (R.I.R.) 1 176 A. Hoare (R.I.R.) 4 173 Light Breeds (six birds) J. Wilson (W.L.) 30 1257 H. Lucas (W.L.) 38 1238 S. Morris (W.L.) 26 1101 Heavy Breeds (six birds) E. Stephenson (A.O.) 20 1162 W. Larsen (A.O.) 19 938 J. Wealleans (A.O.) 26 912 AUCKLAND (39th week) Heavy Breeds (six birds) W. Worthington (B.O.) 29 1115 Huxtable Bros. (B.O.) 24 1098 S. Huxtable (B.O.), 23 1056 Light Breeds (six birds) S. Moore (W.L.) 34 1110 G. Douglas (W.L.) 20 1016 W. Spence (W.L.) 26 972 Single All Breeds W. McKechnie (B.O.) 6 216 Seddon College (B.O.) 5 215 Mrs M. James (B.O.) 0 214 Light Breeds (four birds) J. Nixon (W.L.) 24 846 Mrs Turner (W.L.) 26 816 L. Stuhlman (W.L.) 20 795 Heavy Breeds (four birds) F. Lusby (B.O.) 22 867 F. Lusby (B.O.) 19 786 Whangarei P.F. (B.O.) 21 767 Ducks (four birds) S. Vaile (K.C.) 26 952 E. Walker (K.C.) 24 929 Richard Bros. (K.C.) 26 885 R. Liggins (No. 2) 3 216 H. S. Sanders 3 117 J. Hislop 2 130 A. O. Oakley 6 , 210 TEST No. 2.—WHITE LEGHORN SINGLE HEN TEST. Three pure-bred pullets to be single penned. Total A. W. Pritchard 155 204 170 V. Mabey 211 162 190 Green Bros. - 191 204 T. S. Dove 200 200 205 E. P. Anderson 104 208 232 R. T. Thomson 222 201 215 J. Liggins 184 165 232 T. Barr 225 211 244 C. Bartley 211 163 211 R. J. Bate 168 207 156 W. M. Evans 197 198 231 Cotswold Poultry Farm 117 233 191 W. Turner 236 214 176 W. A. Coombes 200 174 116 L. J. McNeill 206 187 224 S. B. Roberts 208 160 154 C. O. King 156 148 190 J. Turner - 179 201 Mrs J. A. Ritchie 204 194 202 Mrs L. Loydd 162 -203 143 3. E. Rainey 213 189 194 G. H. Dahlenburg (No. 1) 144 118 140 G. H. Dahlenburg (No. 2) 229 172 232 Mrs M. Garrett 236 176 204 A. C. Goodlet 158 197 207 Calder Bros. (No. 1) 213 210 165 Calder Bros. (No. 2) 168 161 197 Mrs A. AV. Pritchard 102 194 237 J. Cunningham 186 213 195 A. O. Oakley 163 244 225 C. J. Murray 170 191 166 E. R. Buckley 169 - 182 TEST No. 3.—BLACK ORPINGTONS AND AUSTRAL ORPS. Total W. A. Coombes 101 214 197 W. M. Evans 155 138 E. P. Anderson 186 142 181 S. Brumby (No. 1) 168 - 137 S. Brumby (No. 2) 212 210 179 C. O. King 108 205 226 T. Kennard 189 149 187 C. J. Murray 180 - 178 L. Williams 126 226 172 J. Still 197 183 217 Mrs E. Lees 193 144 158 TEST No. 4—ANY VARIETY LIGHT OR HEAVY BREEDS, OTHER THAN WHITE LEGHORN OR BLACK ORPINGTONS. Total A. E. Williams (L.S.) No. 1 185 108 185 A. W. Pritchard (Blk.L.) 173 143 151 S. T. Bason (Lan.) - 98 116 H. J. Anderson (Lan.) 178 166 96 D. A. McKie (R.I.R.) 118 106 169 Mrs J. A. Ritchie (R.I.R.) 141 218 165 A. E. Williams (L.S.) No. 2 101 193 93 R. Pearce (An) 125 142 199 WINTON SPECIALS POULTRY NOTES , py 'A PEAT > • ' A LL OF US ARE ALWAYS GOING A TO DO BETTER TOMORROW AND WE WOULD TOO, IF ONLY WE STARTED TODAY. “SHOP IN WINTON” The official column of Iho Invercargill Poultry, Pigeon, Canary and Pet Club, and the Invercargill Canary and Cage Bird Specialists Club. rpHEATRE ROYAL, WINTON, Friday 1 and Saturday. Deanna Durbin in “Three Smart Girls Grow Up” with Charles Winninger, Nan Grey, Helen Parrish. Deanna Durbin, the brilliant little star you all love in her greatest picture! Those thsee lovelies who captured your hearts are back again, grown up, more delightful, charming, adorable than ever in a tuneful tangle of hearts harmony and hilarity. Hear Deanna sing “The Last Rose of Summer,” “Because,” “Invitation to Dance” etc. (General Exhibition). 1112 The Ovaltine Poultry Farm, England, would be well advised to put all their has two new varieties now under test, money into one first-class bird, and One is a brown-red leghorn and has divide their hens into pens of about been built up from black, brown, and six to 10 according to the number of buff leghorns. The male is a very hens and use one male for the lot. handsome bird with a jet black body and breast set off by golden neck and ROTA SYSTEM saddle hackles and a chestnut wingbow. Keep the coc k j n the first pen for He has a rich red eye and orange legs. one day In t he evening put him in The latter characteristic is hardly as t!ie second pen . Leave him there for good in the pullets which have a a day and then put him in the third pleasing green sheen in their black pen un til the following evening, or if plumage, with flecks of gold in the you have only the two pens he will be neck hackle and a brown-laced breast. put back to the first and so on. By The other variety known as the this method he will be in each pen one Crested Red is a very docile, compact day and you wd i g e t twice as good fowl with rich red plumage. It is fertility as in the ordinary way where chiefly Rhode Island Red blood with you have the same male in the one pen one cross of the Silkie to get the crest, ad |h e time where he is wasting himand Old English Game to improve the se jf and tormenting the hens. Actually flesh and breast shape. It is intended a ken only requires to be mated about to cross the females once more with a twice a week and many only once to high record strain of Rhode Island Red, ma ke all her eggs fertile. If your birds in an endeavour to increase the size as ori free ranee a vicorou 5 * cockerel well as egg production The Crested ™iXns and more ?f they Reds are a rich red colour, with neat apg all running together. crests, and are chiefly rosecombs with There is no reason why you should white flesh. An attempt is also being no t ma t e fewer than 10 hens with your made by the same firm to produce an ma i e jf you do not need so many all-red Leghorn but the difficulty up breeders. Many people make the mistill now has been to avoid black tails mke o f putting a certain number of in the females. An all-red colour is bens in a breeding pen so that they very hard to obtain. can fm their incubator quickly, even if some of the hens are not up to HUGE POULTRY FARM Standard. This is a great mistake for you can only expect a fair percentage The Taylor Milling Company of ° £ second rate chickens. It is far betCalifornia has the credit of operating have fewer chickens and have the largest poultry farm in the world J, good for the second late bn ds today. It is situated eight miles from take equally as much feed as the good Los Angeles, and consists of 120 acres ones and will eventually have to be of land carrying 520,000 head of poultry cu * lea out - which is hoped to increase to 700,000. . argue that undermating causes The staff from ail departments num- but it all depends on the bers 240. The incubators total 108 of blrds ' . 1 have had e^ c f’ le , nt , result J 2900 egg capacity and 12 of 30,000 egg i n mating with both ducks and capacity They give a hatching capac- f ° w k Is ’ . 17113 Problem of the number ity of 650,000 chicks every three weeks. o£ , hens ln a Pen has never been solved The capacity of all brooders amounts and no hard and fast rule can be laid to 125,000. The breeding hens number d °™ f °l DOWAN’S BOOK DEPOT, LTD., lb Phone 22. 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Weekly Total Total E. P. Anderson 27 1055 T. S. Dove (No. I) 25 966 T. S. Dove (No. 2) 33 1189 J. Liggins 18 853 G. H. Lintott 22 944 E. Tilley 25 1128 F. A. Atkinson 27 1183 F. Ashworth 30 1099 Miss H. Keddell 14 789 J. W. McGllnchy 35 1154 A. J. White 24 1131 J. B. Lees 29 1111 E. T. Stewardson 26 1153 E. Nottingham 27 1115 F. C. Oetgen 17 684 TEST No. 6.—SINGLE DUCK TEST. Total W. J. Scott (K.C.) 226 229 225 H. J. Anderson (K.C.) 211 268 217 G. H. Bradford (I.R.) 209 76 201 G. H. Bradford (K.C.) 245 234 213 G. Wright (W.C.) 243 186 223 G. Wright (K.C.) 265 276 272 L. Williams (I.R.) (No. 1) 177 253 188 L. Williams (I.R.) (No. 2) 188 246 183 H. Ware (I.R.) 174 191 172 J. W. Thomson (K.C.) 227 212 183 Mrs F G. Herridge (P.) 159 127 122