FURTHER INSTALMENT OF REPORT.

Poverty Bay Herald, Volume XLI, Issue 13291, 29 January 1914, Page 4

FURTHER INSTALMENT OF REPORT.

TRADE AND IMMIGRATION. SHIPPING AND OTHER FAraLITIE-S

(Press Assn.—By Telegraph— Copyright.) ... y London, Jan., 28. Tl^e Dominion Trade Commissioners' report states that tHe Commissioners found a desire among all 'classes to deal y.'ifch the : Empire rather than ■\Vit!h foreign- nations, npfc pnly m the sha-pe of tariff preference, but" m clear and distinct preference based oh sentiment and .patriotism. SURPLUS WOMEN AND FAMILY „ : PAR ; tJ.EIS... : :.. * Discussing female emigration, the report states that the surplus m Britain is mai-qly residential- in -the towns; and consists principally of elderly ladies and B^f-vsnts, wlio :l c^n,4ij he^spaved. The ranks of female , tdomestios have been depleted by the demands of commerce and. industry m the United' Kingdom. .;, -Pealiiig wiUi; tlie .difficulty of family rpigration „■* the Comniis^ioners state . that the parents are often -toxoid to settle down comfortably. Th"6' mah 1§ tempted to establish himself prematurely as a farm-o-\irner.,pr a. tenant, but ready-made farms aye npjt-existent, to any .large extent. Farming on .the ..share system is extending in ' Australia ; and is "a highly commendable Vorgariisation. Faniily migration will entail considerable public expense before an ideal system is reached. . Ihe Commission state, that it is not desirable to leave the duty 'of describing thp {ittraptions . of ith© dominions - td interestecl passage agents. V v /, . v| P ,jCommentin^von the of male population m the dominions/ the Cb?n--missioners maintain that the greatest care is needed before a; pronouncement as to the extent .surplus . -jyomen m Britain/ are. available for emigi"ation, because over half .the present surplus exceeded 40 -of -age. Tfte. Coihmissibn i_ arranging further' investigations, the, results ojf whTclT'wil! be embodied ih a.nnal report. "V : ."■"■; VBIMIGRATION. , Discussing immigration, . the Commission -say.s;' '{I^bttr-saYing,, machiniery-.is much more used ih agriculture m, .Australia apd New Zealand than iii Europe. Comparisons .show that the 'pixD-poi-tiph of population engaged m agriciilturar anil, pastoral, pua'suits is-._mi.allQr. than m the United Stated Jfl&'iy European countries. The town 'population is excessive. Siiice tlie Ivtowier •'■' Oountry is already dependent upO'ii itjhe overseas dominions for a considerable proportion of her fopd Vand raw material, tlie Commission -was impresseji .''"vyitli th 6 desirability of as large a portion as possible of the dominions being occupied by a population which will assist m the development of the primary resources. The best age for immigrants is from 16 to £84, and town-bred youths often find then* feet quicker m their hew environment than rustics. , "Australia's land requirements ,are largely •• fulfilled by well-disposed youths whom the environment of the. United Kingdom has forced to blind-alley employments and youths from industrial schools." V . I The Commission did nqt. find . evidence thaV only those who followed agriculture m the bid Country cohjd become* sue-*. cessful agriculturists hi 'the new countries. The report adds: — "Thero is a strong lhider-eurre'ftV of opposition m Australia and New.Zea-. land to immigration, principally among* urban wage-earners and. artisans, who' regard immigration as likely to increase competition m the skilled labor , market. The . Commission believes that the Hostility ' ar]ses mainly from the present defect? vih - the '.immigraitioii system." '/.xCJie !pos^ibility of making .greater BrHi^h^ labo^ exchanges degerves, ; plpse at|ention > "" says the report, "particularly m connection with juvenile emigration.^'.;. -: ...vY.: ?,... - ':,:..'^->V~VV CHEAPER CABLE SERVICES. Regar^jpg c^ble* eommunicat,ipiis, • the Commission tinges th^\ -weeli-end messages should' be. telegraphed and the use of 'Tegistered addresses allowed. . .The Commission expresses' the opinion that the development of a cheap cable service is a potent factor ' iit enipire consolidation. The present cable rates to Australasia are considered too'. high) 'and they, .restrict the use of tiie cables to the, comm.e*fcial classes; and cHecJc free intercourse between Britain andHhe Dominions. Dra.stic reforms m this connection are needed. . .: INDIAN SOLDIERS. *.. - ■ The Commission .recommends greater co-operation between tEie , Home. . and Australasiah Governments ..regarding^the.' migration; of discharged Indian soldiers,' many of whom are willing .to go to Atistralia or New Zealand, but find. a..difficulty^- though tbey are already accus.: toihed* -to a climate more, 'try ing than that of Northern Australia; The saviiig by \ direct mitigation -would .allow considerable financial assistance to such emigrants. ' . The Commission was favorably impressied by the- Ge-pmah settlements m Queensland, and South Australia, and the Banish, Swedish,.. and Norwegian farmers m Victoria, .and consider such migration would be a -lyhplesoine addi-. tion to New Zealand and -Southern Aus-' tralia. - ( t -i-= >' CANALS, iSHIPPING. AND MAIUS. Regg-rding the Suez C^ual, the Commissipn v was impressed liy the canal's capacity to deal -\vithout undue delay with 26,000 ships per annum, as against the present 500Q ships, pr.oyided; thkt certaip traffic regulations >yero observed. Tlie Coixunission was also impressed by- the canal's increasing ability to take vessels of deep draught. There will shortly, be q., depth of 30; feet,, hwt it is doubtful whether tliis will be.sufficient to, provide . for- 'the necessities of a quick Ocean service. to Australia. Tlie faqt that the Panama Canal gives a depth of 40 feet will accelerate tlie already rapid increase m the size and draught of ocean carriers. tt is doubtful, the Commission .think^, whether the authorities of V\usfralia and New Zealand harbovs are properly alive to tlio quick increase m draught which is iv , prospect.' The proper standard ,is ,40 feet, and except at* Sydney, Hobart, Wellington and Auckland, the facilities are f considerably below the standard. Tiie Commission cannot Jirge too • strongly dn the governing bodies of the ports that they should devote earnest cousidieratibn to the problem of deepeii-iitya-v -^heh* harbors. "Any semi-automatic renewal pf the hiail contracts .witji, a slight .improvement as to" speed and •condition's and , slight decrease m cost would not hjC •adequate as a solution of the prdblem of mails, which .needs to be handled dn broader lines, giving full consideration to . a)i ; tlie variants, particularly , speed, and .the restrictions of Snez. There are grape '■' reasons to doubt thet, reality of'i - cpip^etitifln under the .present ar rangQ''meTft|, \aiid.* tl^ere should 'he 119, contintwncp of the quasi-rtiqnopoly over a VV long-^period probably previous to the development of .shipping, as it removed a ijicentive . to the const*ructioli of faster, vessels. * No mail contract, pun ,b? satisfactoiy w.hieh'ddes not provide for a sea speed considerably m excess of that', of ' unsubfeidised, liners.". T)-»e' Commission calls .attention to complaints jpgarding outwai,*! bills of " ladjng, as out of date and unduly complicated, a n 4 n f* v . or °f ■•sbipcnyriers as agaiiist ' customers. Nevertheless, there is eyid^nce that niarfy 'of t\)e companieg havje redress which .they were not V legally- COhnipelled •* to give. ,V^ T^r SHIPPING RING. - THe ' report continues : "Evidence of the vstreng^i . <>f tbe sJvppii'»?.. < V'/ 1 c: i» Loiidbh was so great that combined ac-* tip'n" of importers will be pf little avail.' 1 ... .'-.•'..' The' report draw? attention tp the possibility of amending the United Kingdom law m order, to bring it into line' witli the Australian Sea Carriage Act 'of 'l9o4V \