NOTES AND QUERIES.

Otago Witness, Issue 2707, 31 January 1906, Page 51

NOTES AND QUERIES.

Qitfttiont for reply in coming istue to bt received net Jattr than MONDAY nig lit.

Gauge, Matakanui.— Mr H. M. Davey, consulting engineer, Moray place, kindly replies: — The correct answer depends on the ' length of the pipes, which you have not given. However, you may perhaps get a sufficient answer by presuming the length of the pipos. Water flows through pipe's A different velocities, depending on the lelations of the length of the pipes to the head, of water in them. Thus, if the smaller of the two pipes you ask about were about 10ft long, as might be deduced from your sketch, with '2ft pressure, as you say, you should get a flow of about nearly 3| Government heads. Also, with the la/rger of ti.e pipes, if said pipe ware about I*l2 JTame length you should gel a flow of about neai y six heads. > If, however, jou have r.o tapered inlet you would not get quite as much as the above, especially if eddies were set up, as is often the case. There ought to be a good, ■well-formed bell-mouth or taper inlet at nil tinie3 where a good flow is required horn a tank or reservoir to a pipe line. Now if your pipso were, nay. lOCOft long, instead of p-bove flows you would <;et abou^ hulf and a little more than three-quarto 0 of -a .i<vd respectively from pipes of the sizes you mention, so you will se-e the length has a lot to do "with the delivery. Give the length if you like, »nd get the coriect answer. B. W., Nelson.— An hole keeper cannot iecover any debt on account of liquor supplied by him to a customer for consumption on the premises. He may. however, sue for and recover the value of liquor supplied 111 moderate quantity with meals to a bona fide lodger. "W. W. — No. But you may avpil yourself of section 39 of ''The Dog* Registration Act. 1830," v.-hich runs I'ius —"The ownei of every dog shall be liable in damages for injury done by his dog, and it shall r.ot be accessary for the party seeking damages to show a previous mischievous propensity in •nch deg, or the owner's knowledge of such mischievous propensity, or that the injury •was attributfblo to neglect on the part of the owr.ei of the dog." I. MD , Popotui.ca.- Mr Davey rephe* — This question h»s b=>en asked b?ioie. aid endless discussion 1 ! have been h?d over it. Tbo fact seems to be thi=: There are two ways of looking at a v.heel, one bring to xegard it as a wheel that revolves oa ita

axle, or axis, and the other to regard it as a wheel pf a waggon, revolving and travelling As a wheel, there is no manner of doubt that all parts revolve compactly together — that is, take the spokes : they revolve at the same speed ; for if not, the wheel would go to pieces. Take the rim. It revolves so that each part that is of equal distance Irom the centre revolves at the same speed. That is obvious, of course, to anyone. Now, if we regard it as a waggon wheel, we have a somewhat different set of motions to consider. The wheel as a wheel of course must revoJ're as above mentioned ; but as it carries a cart, etc., each portion of the rim in turn as the wheel revolves conies in contact with the road, and for the moment that portion is at rest,

unless the wheel skids, which we need not consider just now. Now, then, as the centre or axle goes forward, and the lowest point of the wheel is at rest, the upper one must necessarily travel forward at twice the speed of the eaTt. I think you could prove this if you laid a 'ong plank level or parallel to the road on the Uyp of ■the Tim oi a wheel, and maiked on the nm two chalk marks — one where the rim touched the load, and the other exactly opposite, where the rim touched the plank, marking in each case th>? road oa: the plank ao well as the nm where it touches. Now, move the cart, say, sft forward, letting the plank move without clipping on the top of the rim. It-will then be* found that while the wheel now touches-

a point on the Toad sft wway from the chalk mark that was made on the road, the- plank has moved so far forward that a plumbbob from, the mark on the plank would be 10ft from that on the road. Yet the wheel rim has only been carried forward 6ft. True ; but the axle has also gone sft forward as well. Another proof is this. In any moving vehicle — say, a buggy,— you find that though the buggy may be going forward, the top of the rim rushes forward, as you know if you touch it, and this passing forward of the rim is obviously in excess of the vehicle's movement. Another proof appeared in the Strand Magazine. It was a photograph of a vehicle in quick motion, and while the bottom spoke wits sharplyoutlined, and the nest few were more or less hazy, the top group were completely blurred. After all, however, this question is merely a oatoli one, but it might as well be answered, and if you do not understand 1 , write to the editor again. Inquirer, Clydevale. — According to section 17 of "The Noxious Weeds Act, 1900," the work must be done by the Minister for Agriculture, or under his authority. Settlbr. — Before registration can now be effected the person whose duty it was to register the birth must first be formally convicted (in pursuance of section 21 of "The Registration of Birth and Deaths Act, 1875") bsfora a Stipendiary Magistrate, or two justices of the peace, of neglect to 1 effect such registration. On production to the Registrar 'of . Births of a certificate of the conviction, signed by the Stipendiary ' Magistrate, or justices, or clerk of the court,' the registrar will at once register the birth and give a birth certificate on payment of 2s 6d. W. J. — (1) If thr> waler course has been so negligently constructed as to do injury to another's property, the party responsible for the negligent construction will be liable in damages. (2) Not unless the stream is a drainage channel. Timon. — (1) A salary of less than £2 per week cannot be attached for debt. (2) Yes, but it is extremely improbable that an order for imprisonment will be made against a ro9,n who earns only JEI a week. (3) If judgment has been obtained, application may be made to the Stipendiary Magistrate for the issue of a distress warrant, hut there is no use adopting this procedure unless the debtor is possessed of goods and chattels upon which distr-ss may be levied. Subscriber, Waikaia.— The Sydney Morning Herald and the Melbourne Age give the name of the ntw American goldfield as "Manhattan, 80 miles north-west of Nevada," while the Melbourne Age gives it as "Manhattan, 80 miles north-west of Nevisa." Probably more definite news will come by the next San Francisco mail. Subscriber. Alexandra. — The colour of_ the ; blossom of the Northern Star potato is ! ■wl.ite. Vic-mi.— (l) Yes. (2) No. But the land may be redeemed on payment to the mortgagee of the amount due and owing under the mortgage, together with any expenses already incurred by the mortgagee in con-n-eution with the intended salt liKENSE. — (1) Simply because-" the election of a Licensing Committee is by law required to be carried out on precisely the same lines as that of a candidate for Parliament. (2) The deposit of £10 will be forfeited by an unsuccessful candidate if the total number of votes ' recorded fox him is less than onefouith of tile total number of votes recoided for the lowest successful candidate. Reader, Wairuna. — We, have submitted your query to Mr G-. M. Thomson, F.R.S., who kindly replies: — "Sea water in freezing crystallises theoretically free from all dissolved salts ; but if the freezing is rapid a small trace of salt water may be mechanically entangled in the crystals. On the assumption that the average amount of salt m ?ea water is 26.44 grains 111 1000 of water, then a cubic mile of such water would contain about 109 million tons of sail." Ab.ro wtown — }Ir G. M Thomson kindly replies —"The specimen is a common fungus, Aseroe rub.a. Its smell of putrid meat attracts flies, and these insects dis.=emiiiate the spores." T. W N , Hindon.— From the fact that your b.iromete: moved up two or thre? nicks, it is evident that the vacuum drum Is sound. Prubsbly something- has caught in the tram. I Mr A. W. Macarthur, High street, Dunedin, 1 will repan it for you. ! H. A. — There is no agent in Dunedin foi the j firm ycu mention. You can get a new cog- ! wheei cast at any of the Dunedin J foundiies by sending down the broken j wheel as a pattern Stupid, Teviot Station. -. c^ fir as can be ascertained, haies and labbits will not cross in breeding by natiual selection. Rabbits are known to have a natural antipathy towards hares, which is speciily noticeable j when the latter trespass in the vicinity of j a rabbit warren. Their efforts to drive 1 away the intruders might easily be misconstrued as a desire to mate, and, whilst the latter is not physiologically impossible, .■^Kbcannot find any record of the resultant The nearest approach to it is the *TSmerican jack rabbit, regarded by many aa a hybrid, but this is doubtless erroneous. Inquisitive. — The population of New Zealand, when the census was last taken, on the 31st March, 1901, was 772,719, of whom 405,932 were males and 366,727 were females. The population of Australia on the same date was 3.782,943; of these, 1,983,332 were males and 1,799.591 females.