THE NEW POPE

Otago Witness, Issue 2578, 12 August 1903, Page 26

THE NEW POPE

CARDINAL SAETO ELECTED.

ELECTED ON THE BALLOT.

A GREAT OVATIOX.

ROME, August 3. Another fruitless ballot was completed at 11 o'clock to-day.

The Spanish Cardinals were dismayed that a room, had not been provided for their incessant cigarette smoking. The ■Camerlengo was dismayed at the suggestion, but the Spaniards persisted in smoking anywhere about the Vatican. August 4. The sixth ballot was taken without result.

Cardinals Crotoni, Perrand, and Laugeniux are ill. Cardinal Herrari is suffering from heart complaint, and his condition is critical. The viaticum was administered to him.

The Marshal of the Conclave detected two clerics signalling to outsiders. Cardinal Giuseppe Sarto, Patriarch of Venice, has been efceted Pope.

August 5.

Cardinal Sarto was elected' on the seventh ballot. He declared that he was unworthy of the choice, but if it pleased God to direct the vote of the Sacred College in his favour he was prepared to submit. The Cardinals, kneeling, received the first pontificial benediction. They congratulated the newly chosen Pontiff, and kissed his hands.

Assuming the pontifical vestments, the Pope, seated in the sedia gestatoria, received the Cardinals' adoration. Each kneeling kissed his hands, feet, and cheeks, the Pontiff returning the kiss of peace. Meanwhile Cardinal Maccbi announced to the great crowd surging round the Basilica Cardinal Sarto's election. The news was received with enthusiasm and thY ringing of bells. Later the Pope, wearing a white soutane and red stole, appeared in the inner loggia of St. Peter's, and blessed the congregation. He was received with thunderous ' acclamations ana cries of "Long live Pius X." A great procession of diplomatics, high prelates, and notables subsequently visited the Vatican to offer their congratulations.

The new Pope's distinguishing characteristic is piety. He is considered clever, firm, kind, and of rare sagacity.

Cardinal Di Pietro's reluctance to accept election, owing to his state of health, assisted Cardinal Sarto.

The latter's election, though it came ap a great surprise, was well received in all the capitals. Austrian political circle* express the liveliest satisfaction. The Emperor of Austria telegraphed a -siring for the Pope's benediction. Germany preferred Cardinal Vaunutelli or Cardinal Aghardi, yet considers that Cardinal Sarto is acceptable, owing to his mild and sympathetic temperament, and because he is deeply religious, and politically has colourless convictions. France was much surprised, but is disposed to think that her relations with the Vatican may now improve.

The struggle between the supporters of Cardinals Rampolla and Vannutelli continued xmtil the fifth ballot, when they recognised that a transition Pope was a necessity. Cardinal Rampolla's partisans then voted for Cardinal Di Pietro, and Cardinal Vannutelli's for Cardinal Sarto, who on the sixth ballot received 32 votes. Cardinal Rampolla then gave way, the seventh ballot giving Cardinal Sarto considerably over tbV necessary two-thirds of the votes ca.st .

The Austrian Cardinals at ail early sitting of the Conclave intimated the Austrian Government's intention to exercise their power of ve^o if Cardinal Rampolla were elected.

The Coronation of Pius X is fixed for December 8.

The Pope, on being notified of his election, decided to give his benediction in the interior of St. Peter's. The crowd had hoped it would be given from the outer balcony, as a sign of reconciliation of the Vatican with the Italian Government.

August 6. At fir«t the struggle for election was between Cardinal llampolla, supported by France, and Cardinal Gotti, supported by Germany. Then Cardinal Sarto began to come, securing on Sunday evening 24 votes to Cardinal Rampolla's 3U votes. Cardinal Sarto's position improved in subsequent ballots. Cardinal Eampolla steadily declining, the final result being — Cardinal Sarto, 50; Cardinal Ranipolla, 10; Cardinal Gotti, 1. It is reported that Cardinal Gruscha on Sunday morning intimated that Austria vetoed Cardinal Rampolla, desiring a Pope who would not maintain hostility with Italy. A dramatic scene ensued. Cardinal Rampolla, pale with rage, protested against the arbitrary interference of a temporal power on the strength of a right which the Church had never ad-

mitted, and which in any case had long fallen into abeyance. He declared that personally he had no desire to undertake the heavy burden of the tiara.

The French and several Italian Cardinals strongly disapproved of Cardinal Gruscha's action, and Cardinal Rampolla's position momentarily improved.

Then 32 Cardinals declared tney preferred a Pope who Avould re-establish ecclesiastical discipline without special sympathies with either the Triple or the Dual Alliance. Cardinal Sarto's chance then suddenly improved, to his unfeigned dismay. On Monday morning, when^ he was leading, Cardiual Sarto implored his colleagues to support another, as he neither could nor would accept the tiara. The most urgent iusistance was needed to induce his acceptance. He will be crowned at St. Peter's on Sunda v.

The Premier has warned prefects that since tho Pope has not informed the Government of his election officials must not participate in the ecclesiastical rejoicings.

The Pope is receiving an enormous number of congratulations from sovereigns, heads of States, bishops, and others in all parts of the world.

August 7.

to diplomatists and the congratulations, the Pope said he accepted their good wishes to the lofty position of Head of the Church. Personally, he was solicitous of the welfare of all rulers and peoples. The Church was the mainstay of nations, sovereigns, and laws. He desired to see peace strengthened everywhere. The Bope's simplicity, mildness, and geniality are winning golden opinions. He objects to the kissing of his foot. Apparently Austria's jveto of Cardinal Rainpolla voiced the opinions of the Triple Alliance.

August 9.

The King of Italy was agreeably surprised at Cardinal Sarto's election, and in the course of conversation pleasurably recalled his Venetian visit.

Anyone is able to obtain an audience with the Pope, and many stories are told of his simplicity. He dismissed the coach from the Vatican uardens because his legs were good enough, and hc-gged* the architect not to make his apartments too smart. On another occasion he said " A poor m«n like me does not want such a big household."

August 10,

x'he 50,0G0 persons invited on the occasion of the coronation of Pope Pius X filled the Basilica before the ceremeny commenced, and there were many thousands outside. The entire diplomatic body, the Italian aristocracy, and many ladies were present. Mr Aliomas Ejmonde, representing the Irish parliamentarians, was present. The ceremony occupied many hours.

The x-ope, arrayed in the pontifical robes, with a mitre on his head, accompanied by the Cardinals, seated himself on a throne in the portico of the Basilica . Cardinal Rampolla delivered a speech of homage. His Holiness was then borne aloft on the sedia gestatoria, surrounded by tho flabilli, and, preceded by the dignitaries and Cardinals, entered the Basilica amid a nourish of silver trumpets and acclamations from the vast congregation, the Pontifical Guard rendering military honours.

After signing for silence, the Pope pronouned the benedition. He was next carried to the Clementine Chapel, one of the pontifical ceremonieri walking in advance and burning three pieces of tow, exclaiming " Holy Father ; in transit gloria mundi." The Pope, seated on the throne, received an act of obedience, the Cardinals kissing his feet, knees, and face, the Bishops his foot and knee, and the lesser dignitaries kissing his foot only. Mass was then celebrated. At the moment of the elevation of the Host silver trumpets resounded from the top of the cupola coops, the people kneeling.

The Pope was then bome_ tp the podium, before the altar of confession, where Cardinal Macchi removed the mitre, replacing it with the jewelled tiara and pronounced the enthronisation.

The Pope exhibited deep emotion. He blessed the congregation in a loud, clear voice, a burst of enthusiastic acclamation following. Much fatigued, the Pope returned to the Vatican in a sedan chair.

The foreign Cardinals propose that an international" commission manage Peter's Pence, and suggest decentralisation to enable Cardinals at a. distance to settle affairs of minor importance on their own authority. » LONDON, August 4.

The announcement of Cardinal Sarto's election came through Reuter's correspondent in Rome. After the election the new Pope, following the usual ceremony, pronounced ft public benediction from the inner balcony of St. Peter's. He was received with acclamation by enormous crowds.

The new Pope', who at the time of his election was Patriarch of Venice, is 68 years of age, and is described as being of conciliatory temper and a favourite with the Clericals and Liberals alike. He is of humble origin, having risen from a country curacy. He commanded the Gospel to be rea<jl and explained in the vernacular on Sundays and. feast days, iv his dioce.se of

Venice, where his firmness remedied the deplorable laxity of his predecessor's indulgence. His election was welcomed by the King of Italy, who is visiting Venice. He has taken the name of Pius X. August 5. The Times says that the choice is an. excellent one, though unexpected. , Cardinal Sarto is intensely charitable, and always greatly interested in the poor. His relations with the Italian , Government are excellent, though he is an uncompromising upholder of the rights and pretensions of the Papacy. •• PARIS, August 6. The French press warn the t^ope that it would be wise to direct the French bishops and priests to abstain altogether from interference in politics. SYD,\EY, August 5.

The feeling in Roman Catholic circles is that Cardinal Sarto is a happy choice.

August 8.

Cardinal Moran wired from Colombo in reference to the new Pope that he was delighted. It was a grand appointment, and Sarto was a worthy successor to a great Pope.

THE NEW POPE.

The Tablet says of the new Pope: — " Cardinal Sarto is of humble birth, -and has rison to his present exalted position by the sheer fores of his commanding talent. He is now in his sixty-eighth year, having been born at Riese, in the tlioccee of Trovi3o, Italy, on June 2, 1835. He wa3 raised to the oardinalate on June 12, 1893, and has for mauy years filled tho minor patriarchate of Venice with great distinction and to the great benefit of his fleck. His active and zealous charity has made him the idol of *he poor of Venice, to whose needs he .has daily ministered with his own hands, while his toil and courage in times of serious epidemicts were beyond all praise. He is ft groat friend of the worker, and takes a Veen and active interest in the various Catholic agrarian movements — popular banks, etc. — which have done so much to improve the condition and elevate the reiitricus tone of the rural population in the provinces of Lombard}' and Venice. The new Pope, like his illu3trioiis predecessor, is a man of great learning, Tmd, though he is not widp.iy known to the world at large, fow, if any, of the members of the Snored College arcgifted with greater parts than he. He is a gifted, eloquent, and brilliant preachor and the author of several valuable works on dogmatic and moral exibjeets. .He is also, an administrator ' of exceptional ability, and. go far as > human foresight, can judst^, will rule the Church of God in <i manner that will raake him indeed a worthy successor to the great and ]good old man who has gone to his rest. The news of his election was received in Dunedin by the ringing of a joy-" peal at St. Joseph's Cathedral. ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE NEW.

POPE. (Froji Oxm Own- Correspoxdemt.) CHRISTCHURCH. Augnst 5. : Tne Akaroa correspondent- o£^ Truth." tele< graphs to that paper as* follows : —Father Kennedy, the' Roman Catholic clergyman of this parish, paid & visit "to "Rome recently, and as he was thus in «■ position to furnish some details concerning the newly-elected Pope I sought him out and obtained the following interesting particulars of tile eminent cleric who has so unexpectedly been raised to the Papacy: — Oardimd Joseph Sarto was born at Rieoe, in tho diocese of Treviso, in the* metropolitan province of Venice, on June 2, 1835. He was elected Bishop of Mantova, in the province of Milan, on November 10, 1884, and was promoted to the patriarchal See of Venice on. June 15, 1893. Venice, the " Queen of the Adriatic," wae made an episcopal see in 1170, ' and a patriarchal see in 1451. The new occupant of St. Petpr's chair was made cardinal by hir, late Holiness Loo XIII on June 4. 1893, receiving as his titular church that of St. Bernardo Alle Teroe. Ho is a member of many Roman congregations, including those of the Bishop and Regulars •Sacred Rites and Studies. "As far aj I know," said Father Kennedy, " Cardinal.Sarto never held office in the Papal diplomatic service in Rome, nor has he held office iv the Roman Curia except a? a member of the congregatjon3 mentioned. Ho enjoyed the highest esteem for his profound theological learning, piety, "and simplicity of life, and is considered to bo n quiet and reserved! man." The Italian Cardinals, who were said to be chiefly political, and who, it was sur-. mised, would elect aa Pope a political champion, have elected one who " ; r5 a model cfChristian humility and universal charity, whose mind is far removed from political , ambitions, and whose roul soars towards the Zion of heavenly love. In his capacity os ArchbLshon of Venice ho was frequently, brought into contact with the Tpignintj Sovereigns of tho Houso of Savoy and with" the members of the 'ltalian Cabinet.

FORMER CONCLAVES.

The- Conclave- in which Leo XIII was elected was ono of unprecedentodly short: duration. At the> first bal'ot Cardinal Pecci, as he was than styled. h-»d 19 votes, while tho remainder of Hipi votes were spread ov<r a number of cardinals. At the second count: Cardinal Pecci had 34 votes. — At the third; count, that is to eav era the morning of Hi» second day of the- Conclave, hf> had 44-, beinjr more than the. rcauisito two-thirds of the 61 votes. That Conclave lasted only 35 hours. Whe-n, Pius the Ninth was e'ected Pope ra June. 1846. 64- cardinals took part in the> Conclave. The- cardinala -met -on June 14 of that year. Cardinals Gizzi and Lambruschini were spoken- of -as likely to ho oho&e-D, , but on tho 16Ui*of the mont.h, in the fourth scrutiny. Giovamni Masfcai Ferretti, tho youngest member- of tho Sacred ColleGC. was ■elected by 36 ,v©tes- out of 54. The Conclave lasted 48 hours. Gregory XVI (1831) was elected by -a Conclave which safe for 50 dav9, and the Conclave in the case o' Pius VIII (18291 lasted 36 days. At the Conolave of IP7B "CardinAl Amat (Dean ot the Sacred College) waa borne in by servants. This venerable" ecclesiastic- was carried to his bedroom, and remained 't'liere- the •whole 1 time. Hp gave his vote. Another aged, man. Cardinal 1 Moriohini, in ascending tho steps of the alter' to place his vote in th« chalice, had to be supported by two officia' Although tho election of Poue Lon X TT ' was supposed to havo V" 1 rw'iioWl "' the wi <»» test seo-er-v. , rUtai'° «'-.Mi« " " votinc" were published in the Continctai

papers. The cardinal who we-re reported to Jhave received vote's were- (besides Cardinal Pecci) :— Cardinal Bilio, 9 votes; Monoca la Valetta, 5 votes; Panebianco, 6 votes; Simeoni, 5 votes; and Card.mais Manning, Martinelli, Franohi, de Luca, di Camossa, Caterini, Ferrieri, Ledcchowski, Guidi, Merbel, Morotti, and Parcccisi. At tho election in 1878 a crowd of 20,000 waited to hear and cheer the news. Cardinal Caterini made- the publio announcement, and the beils of all the chuicb.«s in Borne were set ringing.

AFTER THE ELECTION. When the final result of the ballot in the Conclave is known, the Cardinal Deau, two Cardinal Deacona, and the Masters of Ceremonies approach the Pope-elect. It is a moment ot intense excitement. The Dean of the Sacred College (or the Cardinal acting in ihat position) in the prescribed formula bows to the Pope-elect, and asks, in Latin, "Do you accept the election canonical^ made ot you as (Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic Church?" (summtim Ecclesia Catholica Pontitieein). Ihe new Pope bends his head and answers " Accepto.' Without a moment's delay homage is paid to the new occupant of the Chair of Peter. The Cardinal Dean (or 'his deputy) kneels, and at a eign from the head Master of Ceremonies all the canopies are lowered save one. There 33 now only one throne — the Pope's. " What name will your 'Holiness be pleased to assume?" asks the Cardinal Dean. The new Pope gives his answer, and an official minute of the. election, the acceptance, and the Jioice of the name by the new Pope is drawn up by the Protonotary Apostolic, and signed by ihim, "by the Marshal of the Conclave, and by the secretaries. All the formalities of the election being now concluded, tho enclosures are thrown down, the great doors are opened, and presently the name of the new Pope 'is Being shouted in the streets of Borne. THE WHITE BOBE AND TIIE EIB3 OF PEACE. Yet there is one ceremony <o be performed. Two Senior Cardinal Deacons conduct the new Pope behind the altar. There the Pope takes off his cardinalatial ring and is divested of his red robce. A few minutes later he appears clothed in the pontifical white caesock with the cord and gold tassels round the waist, and the rochet, hood, •white ekull-cap and stole, white silk stockings and scarlet shoes ornamented with a golden crore. Tims arrayed, the Pope is conducted to the front of the attar, where, seated on a throne, he receives the homage or " obedience . of all the Cardinals. To each of the Cardinals he gives the " Kiss nf Peace " on both cheeks. The Cardinal Camerlengo having made his "obedience" puts the Fisherman's ring on the finger of the Pope. Permission is now asked by the first Cardinal Deacon to " proclaim the election." Accompanied by cross-bearers, acolytes, mace-bearers, and the maeters of ceremonies, the Cardinal Deacon from the anterior gallery of St. Peter's, looking down on the crowd below in the vast nave of the Basilica, makes the announcement in Latin: "I announce to you a great joy. We have o« Pope the Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord , who has given himself the name of ." THE PAPAL BENEDICTION. After the formal announcement has been made the new Pope is carried in the " sedia yestatoria" (or moveable throne) to the gallery overlooking the nave of St. Peter's, and there gives his first apostolic benediction, "Urbi et Orbi," to the city and the .world. Formerly the Pope was borne in state to the external gallery, or loggia, over •the entrance gates of St! Peter's, and a kneeling crowd of many thousands received Jn's Mossing. Pope Pius IX gave hi 9 blessing " to the city and the world " many times during his pontificate. It was the custom for The Pope thus to show himself after the liigh' macs on Christmas Day, on Easter Sunday, on Whit Sunday, on Corpus Chrioti, and on the feast of St. Peter and Paul. In his full pontificals and accompanied by the scarlet-robed College of Cardinals, the Noble Guard, the Swiss Guard, and numerous attendants, the Pope would proceed to the external loggia, and give the blessing looking down on the Piazzi lined with troop 3 and crowded with spectators representing all nations. First the chanting of the Papal 'choir would be heard. Every eye would "turn to the centre nrch of the gailery. On Ifche appearance of .the Pope the crowd knelt. Then the cannons of St. Angelo fired a grand 6alute. The silence which followed was broken only by a voice a.s the Pope ithrioe blessed " tho multitude, the city, and the "world." Since the Revolution of 1870 this ceremony U omitted. Nicholas I is the first Pope whose name figures in an authentic record of a coronation ceremony. He was crowned and enthroned ab-Rom© in 858. The Papal ttara, or triple crown, is a high cap circled by three golden crowns, and surmounted by a ball and cross. The Pope wears this mystical headgear, which is quite distinct from a anitre, at the coronation, and when he is giving the Apostolic blessing on great occasions. The tiaia is really a combination of mitre and crown. A mitre or cap with one crown, it is said, was \ised by Pope Sylvester about the year 325. Boniface VIDI is credited witrrhaviiig added a second crown an 1296 to symbolise tho double kingdom, temporal and spiritual. Finally, in 1362, Pope Urban V assumed the tiara of the ithree crowns, "possibly," says Pagi, "on ■account of the mystic number," or, as others 3iave it, "to indicate the naternul power which should be conjoined with the other two."