NOTES AND QUEUES.

Otago Witness, Issue 2120, 11 October 1894, Page 27

NOTES AND QUEUES.

NANA.--Mr Boyerly kindly replies .--The weight of the shell Is about 40001b, and with furnace bare, smoke flue, dyor, Ac. (usually included in to? weight of boilers), about 60001b. When quite full its capacity is about 650ga1, but for Bteam-raising it is filled to only three-fourths of Its capacity, or 40001b of water. Hence the total weight when working is about 90001b, or four tons; Farmer.— Mr Beverly replies! :— You cannot find the area of a paddock by chaining round it. Two paddocks may have the same length of Outline, and the one -be twice the area of the Other. If a field is rectangular, you have only to multiply the length by the breadth, in chains, and divide by 10 ; the quotient ia the acreage. If a field is triangular, measure one side and the perpendicular, or shortest distance, from the opposite angle to that side ; the product of these two measures divided by 20 is the acreage. Any field of an irregular form may be divided into triangles, by diagonal lines drawn from an angle to one or more of the others ; then the area of each triangle is found and the sum taken. In sloping ground every measure has to be reduced to horizontal measure before being used to find the area. This. is usually done by deducting the product of the versed Blue of the elevation and the number of chains, but it may be done by finding the difference of level between the two ends of a sloping line, subtracting the square of this difference from

the square of the length, aud extracting the square root of the remainder, which is the horizontal measure. An Old Reader. —The word He means "so, ""and when placed in parentheses after a statement is meant to indicate that the quotation is literally given, and that there is something peculiar about it. Zelotes.— State what depth you propose to make the tank ; also, whether you intend to build it below or above the ground. These particulars am necessary to determine the thickness of the walla. Anxious Inquirer. —What an extraordinary question to a*k. Do you really think that the Acclimatisation Society are bereft of their senses? No, they have not: but a species of the white ant has made its appearance in Auckland. Investigations, however, prove it te be a native, and not capable of doing quite so much mischief as its Queensland or African relative. You need have no fear, as the damp climate of Cfttlina is so unfavourable to it that there is not much chance of its ever getting a foothold or doing much damage there. The following information will no doubt relieve your anxiety :— The native species of supposed white ant said to have been found in puriri which was about to be used for the Whangarei Heads School, is not really as ant, but is more like a grub, and is a aative of New Zealand, and in no way to be confounded with the destructive white ant. It generally confines its attacks to the sap of kauri and puriri, and rarely, if ever, attacks the heart. Heart of puriri houte blocks were found untouched by it, and round blocks with sap in under the ■ame house were almost destroyed. Housewife.— lf you followed all the other directions up to the time you put the elderberry wine into the demijann, we see no reason why it should not be wholesome. You could easily * test it, however, by pouring it off into bottles and trying some. A. B.— (1) The New Zealand Times. (2) It depends upon the length of the advertisement. If an inch, 4s per insertion ; if only 16 words, a Shilling. Looking at the Other Side.— Wo cannot see what good the publication of your letter could 1 effect, and space is too valuable at. present to "waste it; J. F.-Hall's "Indigestion," Berner's "Laws of Health," Is 3d each, at Braithwaite'a Book Arcade. ■ ' Orepuki Miners.— Mr Beverly replies :— You do hot give the fall or difference of level between the upper and lower ends of the pipe, and that is what the discharge chiefly depends on. If the fall is 100 ft the discharge will be 14 - heads, or I' 4 cubic feet per second, supposing the pipe is a mile long and 7ia wide. If the fall is 200 ft the discharge will be 2 heads, if 300 ft 25 heads, if 400 ft 3 heads, if 600 ft 3 4 heads, and so on. Elevating the pipe makes no difference to the discharge, which depends on the length, diameter, and fall only. Enlarging 100 ft of the pipe would not make any sensible difference on such a length of pipe. Crackkell — Will be given in mext week's Ladies' page. Kuuglan. — 1.M.1. writes :— ln reply to " Riversdale," I never heard of suck a place as Kbuglan, near Glasgow, or in Scotland. If he means Buglen, as it is familiarly called, or Ruthorglen, as it is properly, then it is necessary to cross the river Clyde to enter it. The Ruglen Bridge is familiar to all residents of the east end of St. Mungo. In pronunciation it is abbreviated like Gloater for Gloucester. R., Oamaru.— l.M.l, writes in reply to your question :— That of Mr D. Niven, who arrived by the Philip Laisg, was, I ascertain, the first death la Dunedin among the immigrants. He was buried' in the Old Cemetery, but as no official record had been kept of deaths or interments when the city council erected the monument, the names recorded thereon were collected as best the; could be. A considerable number are known to have been omitted. I believe a previous death had occurred at Port Chalmers, the body being buried tkere. Further information will be given anon. Uiner. — The steerage fare from Dunedin to Southern Cross is £9 10s. This is the .terminus . of the railway. The rest of the journey is done by coach, but we do not know what the fare is. I. X., Gore.— Speaking briefly and generally, the apples should be fully ripe when treated for cider-making. If they are not ripe they should be kept tillchey are so. The apples • having been ground In a cider mill, the resulting pulp is put into strong bags (horse-hair bags are used by the trade) ; the bags are then piled one upon the other in a-press, or they are subjected to heavy pressure, such as the leverage of a long beam would give. The juice is run into tubs or casks, which are carefully kejjt full in order that the yeast may run over as it forms, and not sink into the liquor. After working from four to seven days (according to the temperature), the liquor should be racked into casks in i cool cellar, and be there kept until midwinter, when it may be used ; or may be racked again, and after a brief further rest be used. In the cool English cider counties the apples are often placed in heap 3 under the trees, where they are allowed to remain and begin to change colour towards rotting until late in the autumn. These, of "course, are late varieties. Anxious. — (1) Where a river forms the boundary of contiguous lauds -the owners may agree to place the .boundary fence on either side of the river. If they cannot agree, either can apply to a stipendiary magistrate to appoint one or more persons to inspect the line of fence and determine whether any fence is necessary, and decide the line of fence to be erected and the compensation to be paid by one to the other in respect of any land which is not enclosed by the fence. By proceeding in this way either can compel the other to join in or contribute to wards the erection of a boundary fence. (2 and 3) If A's cattle trespass on B's ground, B is entitled to recover damages from A, and the amount of injury caused by the cattle will be taken into consideration in assessing the damages. It is, however, a mistake to suppose that the damages are limited to the money value of the injury sustained. If the trespasses are wilful and continuous a court or justice would award much more than the actual pecuniary loss. (4) B can impound cattle trespassing upon his "fenced land"— that is, land having a "sufficient fence" within the meaning of " The Fencing Act 1884." In case of impounding he can charge Is a head for trespass on grass land and 2s 6d a head for trespass on land in crop, besides charges for driving, giving notice, &c. Plough Boy.— lt is the duty of the father or mother, of a child to cause its birth to be registered within 62 days. The penalty for neglecting to do so is any sum not exceeding £10. and making false statements of tkeßflfticU"

lars Is punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both. Dunback.— The owner of land can prevent any other person coming upon it without his leave, either express or implied. It makes no difference that the land is covered with water either of a river or lake provided he owns the land under it. He can fash on his own land with-*

out any license. This answers all your queries. J. C— The seed of the macroca'pa, like almost all the other cypress or cupress tribe, is ripe in late autumn— say here, March and April— and is then easily gathered. The Lawsoniana is more easily noticed. Queer Fellow.— We cannot say. We shall, however, hand your letter to the advertiser, who will no doubt reply by letter. — C. E —The following were the Bradford quotations for British wools (washed) on August 18 :— Unwashed wools were lower by id per lb in the coarsest to 3d per lb in the finest qualities. Shropshire hogg, lOJd to ll}d ;• do wether, lOd to lOJd ; Southdown hogg, 9}d to lOJd ; do wether, 9Jd to lOJd ; Irish hogg, lOd to lOJd : do wether, 9Jd to lOd ; Kent hogg, 9Jd to lOd ; do wether, 91 to 9Jd ; Lincoln hogg, 9Jd to lOJd ; do wether, 9Jd to lOd ; Leicester hogg, lOd to 10id ; do wether, 9Jd to lOd ; halfbred hogg. lOd to 10|d ; do wether, 9Jd to lOd ; crossbred hogg, BJd to 9d ; do wether, 8d to 8ld ; Cheviot hogg, lOd to lid ;do salved, 7d to 8d ; Lonk, 7Jd to BJd ; black-faced white, sid to 6Jd ; do salved. 4Jd to 5d ; do laid, 34d to 4d : Herdwick white/ 5d to 64d ; do laid, 3d to 3Jd per lb. (2) The price per fb per carcase the live cattle from Sydney slaughtered at port of arrival was 4d to 4id per lb. I.E. — A test experiment was conducted at Rothamsted with the breeds of sheep named below, and with the following results :—

The crossbreds were the cross between the Leicester ram and the Sussex Down ewe. Oilcake and clover chaff were the dry foods used, and Swedish turnips the green food (2.) Tagasasti ia the principal green forage for cattle and horses in the Canary leles. The seed was imported in 1876 by the late Drß. Schonibtrg, the superintendent of the botanic gardens, Adelaide, who thought it would help Australian settlers te tide their stock over dry seasons. The plant has succeeded well in Australia, and probably could be acclimatised here. It belongs to the genus Leguminosoe laburnum. But it differs from the English variety, the yellow blossoms of which have often proved fatal to Btock, whereas every portion of tagasasti is nutritive. The seed can be sown broadcast, it being first soaked in warm water to soften it and hasten its germination. If given space the plants will grow to a height of Bft or 10ft, but the usual plan, adopted is, about twice a year,> according to their growth, to cut them down to within two or three feet of the ground, so that they may become bushy. For the first couple of years the crop does not attain full development, but in the third year the full yield of forage is attained. Many growers thin out to, or transplant the young plants, Bft apart. Inquires.— ln addition to farm work Mr Blakie's horses are employed more or less constantly at work connected with outside transactions, in which he is engaged. He threshes and chaffcuts for other farmers in the district, and he is a considerable buyer (for resale) of straw and other produce, much of which he carts to Dunedin, as he seldom patronises the railway for the purpose. O. M. M., Gisborne.— The information will be supplied next week. Ignoramus.— The Ferris wheel at the Chicago Exhibition was a great triumph of engineering skill. It is described as follows in one of the numerous albums giving pictures of striking objects in the exhibition :—" This great engineering feat is to the Columbian Exposition what the Eiffel tower was to the Pans Exposition. The mechanical difficulties cvercomo in

the construction of this immense revolving mass were far greater than any met with in building the immovable tower. It is a noble monument to tht skill of American engineers, and places its talented designer, whose name the wheel bears, amongst the world'n great engineers. The highest point of the wheel is 264 ft above the level of the ground, and the total weight of steel in motion 1800 tons. At night it is illuminated by 3000 incandescent electric lights." In the album illustrations the wheel is alight, graceful-looking structure, with an immense number of itays radiating from its great centre pinion .to the inner circle of the wheel, and in motion it must have been a most interesting bight.

}> j> \f |> >. S|_, n> g»">n> O; » • (» ( to £ s i— ■ !-■ a' 5* Hampsliires 26 Weeks. JL to s X 83 o «F Downs. .§ 26 Weeks. to CO as 8 -ii s Cotswolds. 20 Weeks. IS CO s en Leicesters. 20 Weeks. t9 00 <o p5p 5 o Crossbred Wethers. 20 Weeks. b9 to 00 X 3 IK Crossbred Ewes. 20 Weeks.