CABLEGRAMS.

Otago Witness, Issue 1950, 4 April 1889, Page 9

CABLEGRAMS.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN. (Per Pbess Association.) London, March 27. The question which caused the Postmaster- ■ general to snub Mr Henniker Heaton, M.P., in the House of Commons, referred to the anomaly of charging 4d postage on letters to New Zealand sent by sea route via Australia, whilst 6d was charged on letters sent direct to that colony, , ■ Cardinal Newman is much affected at the .death of Archbishop Ullathorne, and it is feared that the demise of the old prelate will have a bad effect on the cardinal's health. . • The total' quantity of wheat and flour afloat for the United Kingdom is 1,932,000 quarters, and for the Continent, 320,000 quarters. The American visible supply of wheat is 30,250,000 bushels. Miss Phillis Broughton, actress, has accepted £10,000 in settlement of her action for breach of promise against Viscount Dagnan. The banquet which it was intended to give Mr Parnell has been abandoned. Mr Stevenson's Sunday Closing Bill has been read a second time in the House of Commons by a majority of 22. Mr Bright's death was painless. Mr Smith, leader of the House of Commons, and Mr John Morley only made slight reference to it in the House, in view of the fact that Mr Gladstone will deliver a formal eulogium on the deceased statesman on Friday. The death is announced of the Duke of Buckingham. The Hight Hon. Hlchard Plantagenet Campbell Temple Nugent Bridges Ohnndos Greaville, Marquis of Buckingham and Ohandos, &0., was bom September 10, 1823, and succeeded his father as third duke July 29, 1861. He represented Buckingham from 1846 to 1857 ; -was a Junior Lord of the Treasury in 1852 ; Keeper of the Prince of Wales' Pdvy Seal, and Deputy Warden of the Stannaries. He was elected chairman of the London and North-Westera Railway Company in 1853, and resigned in 1856. His grace was appointed Lord President of the Council under Earl Derby's third administration, in July 1866, and succeeded the Earl of Carnarvon as Secretary 'of State for the Colonies, March 2, 18U7. He held the latter office until Mr Gladstone came Into power in December 1868. In July 1875 he was appointed Governor of Madras, and held that post till 1880. On the death of Lord Redesdale he was choaen Chairman of- Committees of the House of Lords. March 28. A copper bank is being formed, with a capital of one million, for the purpose of gradually purchasing the syndicate's stock at £45 person. The Rev. Mr Hannay is of opinion that Australians condemned the ignorance and apathy of the Colonial Office. The older colonists opposed while the younger favour separation. Both the Home Rule and Liberal Unionist press unite in eulogising the late Mr John Bright. The American press is profoundly impressed by his labours and character. The case against Dr King, Bishop of Lincoln, charged with ritualism, has concluded. The bench of bishops reserved judgment. Dalgety and Company have declared a dividend of 8 psr cent. By a collision between the steamer Nisayah and the ship Manile SO persons were drowned. News has been received of the death of the Hon. Guy Dawnay, who was killed by a buffalo while on a hunting expedition in Masailand. He was a brother of the present Viscount Downe, and formerly member for the North Riding of York in the House of Commons. Truth, referring to the recent appointment of the Rev. Henry H. Montgomery to the bishopric of Tasmania, says the rev. gentleman's ability is only of the mediocre order, and attributes his promotion to the influence of Canon Farrar. A mother threw her three young children into the river Tyne, watched them drown, and then committed suicide. The Government have prohibited the importation of live sheep and lambs from Germany and Holland on account of the prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in those countries. The annual import thence has hitherto been 800,000 head, amounting to eight-ninths of the total live import into the United Kingdom. In consequence of the action of Government shippers are trying to introduce dead meat, but it is believed the attempt will fail in consequence of the continued rise in prices in the countries from which stock has been exported to England. New Zealand mutton is at 4d to 4£d. Beef is nominally the same price. In the House of Lords to-day the Marquis of Salisbury pronounced an eulogium on the late Mr John Bright. He described him as the greatest master of English oratory who had been heard for several generations. His eloquence was robust and powerful, and burning with noble thoughts. He alluded to Mr Bright's rectitude of character, saying that his actions were never guided by personal feeling, but were inspired by the purest patriotism from the beginning to the end of his career. Australian wheat, ex-store, 41s ; New Zealand long-berried, ex-store, 40s. Copper, £39 10s, steady. Tallow shows an advance. Best mutton, 26s to 26s 6d ; best beef, 25s to 25s 6d. The Privy Council, accepting an assurance that Holland is, free from disease, have decided to admit sheep from that country. March 29. The captain and officers of H.M.S. Sultan, which was recently wrecked off Malta, will be tried by court-martial for the loss of the ship. The rapprochement between England and Germany is regarded as complete. Sir E. B. Malet, British Ambassador at Berlin, has banqueted the Emperor and Empress, and the relations between Lord Salisbury and Count Herbert Bismarck, now on a visit to England, are of a most cordial character.. It is expected when the Kmperor visits England officially he will be reconciled to the Prince of Wales. The Queen has sent letters of condolence to the relations of Mr Bright. Duke Adolphus, of Nassau, has been appointed Regent of Holland.' The French and Italian Governments are are arranging a reciprocal commercial treaty. MM. Freycinet and ,Guyot oppose the prosecution of members of the Patriotic, league. The Ministry insist either that the regular forms government must collapse of pr BoulangiBm must be crushed. , ". '

The arrest of those concerned in the secret bomb factory at Zurich has disclosed the ex : istence of a huge dynamite conspiracy against the Czar and his Ministers. The sporting cases Wood v. Cox and Wood v. Earl of Durham have been compromised, and it is probable the case of Chetwynd v. Earl of Durham will be Settled in a similar, manner. These actions all arose out of the allegations made by Earl Durham againstSir G. Ohetwynd's stable. . In the House of Commons, upon the motion of Mr Goscben, a committee was appointed to inquire into the best_ means of promoting emigration to the colonies. • A conference of mining delegates, representing 300,000 miners is sitting at Binning- • ham. A resolution has been agreed to recommending the establishment of the eight hours system, and working five days a week. News has been received of the burning of the steamer Sumatra in the Mediterranean Sea. The steamer was bound to Hongkong with a cargo of petroleum. The action for breach of promise against the jockey Barker has resulted in a verdict for £1000 damages. Mr Gladstone delivered a formal panegyric on the late Mr John Bright in the House of Commons to-day. He said his old colleague had been removed from the busy scene of life at the happy moment when the great cause of Freetrade, which he advocated for so many years, was in its full career of triumph. His opposition to Home Rule, though disappointing, to those with whom he had been long associated, had not been able to provoke disparagement of his character on their part, but he believed it had produced a deeper impression than either his distinguished intellect or his splendid eloquence. Mr Bright's supreme eulogy was in an elevated political life oE the loftiest standard which had become the object of reverential contemplation, and caused his name to be indelibly written in the hearts of all Englishmen. An Australian cargo of wheat has been sold at 35s 9d. March 30. In an address to the electors of Enfield, Middlesex, Mr Gladstone declares that the essence of his Home" Rule plan has not undergone change. In the House of Commons the Opposition are offering vigorous opposition to the ratification of the sugar bounties convention. The prospectus of the British water gas syndicate, with a capital of £300,000, is issued. The promoters undertake to make gas at 4d per 1000 ft. Mr C. Fenwick, member for Wansbeck, moved in the House of Commons to-day that it was expedient that members of Parliament should receive honorarium, and he suggested that the amount should be £375 per annum. Mr H. Matthews, Home Secretary, ridiculed the compulsory payment of members and doubted whether many of them would accept the honorarium voluntarily. The Hon. G. R. Curzon, member for Southport, in speaking to the motion, said there was not a single working man member in the Victorian Parliament. The annual boat race between Cambridge and Oxford Universities was rowed over the usual course from Putney to Mortlake to-day. The Cambridgeshire crew led throughout, and won easily by three lengths. Time, 20min Hsec. [This makes the fourth win for Cambridge in successive years.] The Ostend-Dover mail boat, while crossing the straits, collided .with a Belgian steamer, and was blown up. Fourteen passengers were drowned. Prince Victor Bonaparte was rescued. The boilers of the mail steamer exploded after the collision, It is estimated that the sugar crop at Cuba will be 550,000 tons. The funeral of the late Mr John Bright took place to-day, deceased being interred in the Quakers' Cemetery at Rochdale, Lancashire. Among those who followed the remains were representatives of her Majesty the Queen and a large number of members of the House of Commons and other political bodies. It is reported that Canon Farrar receives the first refusal of the Sydney Diocese. Dr Dale, the well-known Independent minister, in an article in the Contemporary Review, declares that the establishment of secular schools in the colonies renders the work of the churches easier, and refers to the magnificent vigour of Methodism in Australasia. He attributes the startling excess of crime in New South Wales in comparison to other colonies partly to the Anglican Church having lost hold of tens of thousands of nominal adherents. The election of a representative for the Enfield Constituency in the House of Commons, in place of Viscount Folkestone, took place to-day, and resulted in the return of Captain Cowles, a Conservative, by a majority of 1500 over Mr Fairbairds, the Home Rule candidate. [Viscount Folkestone's majority at the general election against MrEdgcombe was 2020.] Father M'Fadden and several others who were charged with complicity in the murder of Deputy-inspector Martin at Gweedore on the 3rd February whilst he was endeavouring to arrest Father M € Fadden on a charge under the Crimes Act, have been committed for trial for murder. The inspector was struck on the head with a stone, and died in a few hours. Beetroot sugar is quoted at 17a lfd; Queensland brown syrups, 13s. New Zealand hemp, 37s 5d to 37s lOd. At the annual meeting of the North Australian Mining Company it was shown that the operations of the year had been without profit. It was decided to anticipate proposed Australian anti-Chinese legislation, and at once import a number of Chinese labourers to work the company's mines in. Australia. Mr Gladstone opposed the ratification of the Sugar Bounties Convention. It is doubtful if the Unionists will support the bill ratifying the convention. If General Boulanger is arrested for alleged complicity in the acts of the Patriotic League, he will be tried by the Senate. "General Boulanger, in the course of an interview, said he did not believe he would' be prosecuted, as he had never exceeded the law. 1 The report to the effect that a reciprocal commercial treaty was being arranged between France and Italy is without foundation. ' , '"'- ' ' ."". '■'

In the House of Commons, Mr Justin McCarthy (M.Pi for Londonderry)," in "the absence of Mr Parnell, delivered a wa ? rm eulogium on Mr John Bright. " He said it was impossible to forget his splendid , services, and claimed the right for Ireland to deposit a mourning wreath on the tomb of the deceased statesman. At the funeral of Mr John Bright to-day at Rochdale, Lancashire, her Majesty the Queen sent a wreath from Biarritz, where she is sojourning. ■ Workmen from th 3 mills belonging to the deceased acted as pall bearers. Mr Chamberlain was present at the memorial service at Westminster Abbey, and Lord Hartington and Mr Childers.were also present. The Prince of Wales was represented by an equerry. The service was conducted by Dr Granville Bradley (Dean of Westminster), who expressed regret that the deceased was not buried in the Abbey. March 31. The bullion market is declining continuously owing to the expected abundance of money. Three months bills are quoted at 2£ per cent. Tallow: At the sales yesterday 875 oasks were offered, and 700 sold. Medium mutton brought 245, and medium beef 21s 6d. For rabbitskins, prices are unchanged. The English wheat market is lifeless and the Continental changing for the worse ; the American market declining and weak. New Zealand wheat on passage was sold at an average of 36s and New Zealand flour (ex store) at 265. April 1. The names of the vessels which collided in the Channel were the Princess Henriette and the Countess Flandre. The collision took place in mid-channel. The Oxford crew complain that the Cambridge crew bored them into shallow water, and if they had not given way a foul must have occurred, on which Oxford would have been awarded the race. Mr Fe.nwick's motion in the House of Commons for the payment of members has been rejected. The Education department proposes to abandon the present system of payment .by percentage of passes, and substitute the giving of general grants, to be dependent on the report of the inspectors. The revenue returns for the year show the receipts to be £88,472,000. Jem Smith having met with an accident, it is considered unlikely that the fight arranged between him and Charlie Mitchell will now take place. It was Prince Jerome and not Prince Victor Napoleon who was on board the mail boat crossing the Straits of Dover when the collision occurred. The vessel was cut in two close to Prince Jerome's cabin, and he had an extremely narrow escape. An attendant was drowned, but the Prince himself got off with a few slight bruises. Jerome was on his way to England incognito to consult the Empress Eugene about the coming elections. The Financial News assails the New Zealand Harbour Boards on the grounds of their omission to publish the accounts. It par* ticularly ridicules the Wairoa Board. Allusions to the late Mr John Bright from the. pulpit were universal in the churches yesterday, Besides Father M'Fadden, 17 men and two women have been committed for tiial for complicity in the murder of Inapeotar Martin at Gweedore. Mr Albert Bright stands for the vacanoy in the Birmingham representation in the Unionist interest. He is not likely to be opposed. .Bombs were thrown among the congregation in the Church of San Carlo, Italy, yesterday, but exploded without doing any harm. It is reported that the Emperor of Austria is indisposed. El Senoussi, the Mahdi's rival, is reported to be within one day's march of Khartoum. Paeis, March 29. The wound received by. General Boulanger on the occasion of his duel with M. Floquet, in July last, is said to be re-opening, and it is reported that Boulanger is in a serious condition. Mr Girscudoff, son of the Swiss Consul at Cannes, was found murdered in a carriage on a railway train at Genoa. No clue has been obtained to the murderer. Government have decided to prosecute General Boulanger for alleged complicity in the operation of the recently suppressed Patriotic League. A judicial inquiry has commenced into the conduct of the directors of the Comptoir d'Escompte. The administrators have declared that the copper contracts entered into by the Comptoir are illegal. March 31. The directors of the Comptoir d'Escompte have testified that M. Rochereau,the manager who committed suicide, had made advances to the Societe dcs Metaux without their knowledge. M. Corgnard, the well-known French financier, has committed suicide. April 1. The erection of the Eiffel tower is now completed. Paris will be illuminated on the occasion of opening the Exhibition, and there will be a great display of fireworks. A boat carnival on the Seine will be a feature of the oelebration, and a great torchlight procession, in which 15,000 soldiers are to take part, will pass through the principal streets of the city. M. Bouched, Procureur-general, having demurred to asking leave of the Chamber to prosecute General Boulanger, on the ground that the case is weaki has resigned his position. Beblin, March 28. Emperor William was present at the dinner given by Prince Bismarck to the members of the Reichstag. The Hague, March 28. The Dutch Ministry propose that the Queen shall resume the regency. Tubin, April 1. Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian dictator and patriot, who has been living in this city for the last quarter of a century, is dying. Madbid, Match 28. San Sebastian was gaily decorated in honour of the viss of the Queen of England; Her Majesty was welcomed with the greatest enthusiasm. The two .Queens kissed each other o.n meeting, dined together, and af ter^ • wards' witnessed baseme dances ift. the fawn :

Square. Queen Christina accompanied . her royal visitor as far^as Iran. . Queen Victoria, expressed herself greatly gratified with her flying visit to Spain. . . , " ' Buohabest, March 28. Prince Ferdinand* son .of Prince Leopold, of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and nephew of -King Charles of Roumania, has been publicly proclaimed heir to the Koamanian throne. Belgrade, March 31. Ex-Queen Natalie has written to her son assuring him that she has no intention ,of returning to Servia at present,Constantinople, April 1. Ex-King Milan of Servia is visiting Stamboul. St. Petebsbubg, March 27. The town of Linistik, in Russia, has been destroyed by fire. Eighty-four of the inhabitants lost their lives. An attempt was made to wreck the train conveying the Czar and Czarina from St. Petersburg to Gatschina. Two rails were discovered lying across the lines, but fortunately in time to prevent a catastrophe. March 29. Many arrests have been made in different parts of Russia as a result of the recent discovery of a secret bomb factory at Zurich, which was supplying Russian and other conspirators. The Journal de St. Petersburg denies the report that Russia is massing troops oa the Afghan frontier. March 30. It appears that the plot which was frustrated by the discovery of an attempt to wreck a train conveying the Czar and Czarina to Gatschina extended throughout the whole of Russia, and that a series of attempts against the life of the Czar and his officials had been arranged. Numerous arrests have been made at St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kieff, Kharkoff, and Odessa— chiefly of Jews. The plot was discovered through an explosion which occurred at Zurich, and killed a Jewish student who had organised the attempt on the life of the Czar in March 1887. Washington, March 28. Mr Robert Lincoln, son of the late President Lincoln, has been appointed American Minister to England, Mr Halstead to Germany, and Mr P. Egan to Chili. March 29. The Senate has refused to confirm the appointment of Mr Halstead, editor of the Cincinnati Commercial, as American Mm* ister to Germany. New Yobk, March 30. By the foundering of an excursion steamer on Lake Chupola, Mexico, 30 persons lost their lives. Information has been received that the American barque Albert Russell, 724 tons, which left New York for Queensland on February 10, foundered, and only two of the crew survived. Calcutta, April 1. The Indian budget shows a deficit of 2,000,000 rupees. The Ameer has assured Lord Lansdowne (Viceroy of India) that he never thought of taking any warlike action against Russia on his recent visits to the northern provinces to punish the rebels. Zanzibab, March 30. Fighting hetween the Germans and Arabs has been resumed in the vicinity of Nyassa. 1 »■ ■' ' INTERCOLONIAL. (Per Prbss Association;) Melbourne, March 28. Among those who were returned in the elections which took place to-day were Mr Gillies (Premier), Mr Derham (Postmastergeneral), Mr Deakin (Chief Secretary), Mr Nimmo (Commissioner of Public Works), and Mr Bent (ex-leader of the Opposition). Mr Gaunson was among those defeated. March 29. Sir William Jervois, upon Ms arrival last evening from New Zealand, was received by a guard of honour. Sir William leaves for Adelaide to-day., All the Ministers have have been returned at the elections. Messrs Vale, Coffin, and Bosisto (members respectively for Ballarat West, Melbourne East, and Richmond, in the last Parliament) have been rejected. The returns are not yet complete, but the approximate result of the elections is — Government, 60; Opposition, 35. Seventy thousand bags of wheat have been sold at 5s 7d per bushel. The tone of the market is stiffening. April 1. Wheat has an advancing tendency. Holders are firm at 5s Bd. April 2. While a doctor named Taafe was entering his buggy at Rochester, a man named Gaffrey, who wa3 standing on the balcony of the hotel, fired at and wounded him severely. Gaffrey then turned his weapon upon himself with fatal effect. The doctor is in a critical condition. Gaffrey was his dispenser, and Taafe, suspecting there was something wrong with his accounts, had suspended him. A small fire occurred in the newly erected Federal Coffee Palace in CplUns street, and the panic-stricken people in the building turned the wateu on everywhere, doing immense damage. At the Supreme Court to-day five young men named Mack,' Young, Tower, Lewis, and Mahoney, charged with having committed perjury in the evidence given hy them in connection, with the Qharge of murder against Gutter, acquitted of killing a Chinaman, were sentenced to nine years' imprisonment, with hard labour. In sentencing the prisoners, the Judge said the conspiracy was one of the worst oharacter ever brought under bis notice, Sydney, March 29, The council of the Trades and Labour Association are urging Government to protest against the proposal of Mr Goschen, in the Imperial Parliament, to send State-aided emigrants to the colonies. The body of a girl named Layinia Dines, who died recently, has been exhumed, as there was a suspicion that her death was due to malpractice. It was found that the uterus had been removed aftercleath. This startling disclosure is at present somewhat similar in its features to those connected with the death of the woman Reilly on the 10th ihst., ajpd.in which case a verdict of murder was returned against some person or, persons unknown. , . . The jiiclfcalVeferee in mining disputes aj».

Newcastle has resigned. A recent case went against the^men,^ and the .latter immediately expressed dissatisfaction at the result. The whole proceedings clearly prove that arbitration is < a farce ao far as the miners are concerned. . The Colonial Sugar Company expect to notify a further rise in sugar; -within week. ,- - ■ ; * A criminal outrage was perpetrated in the Bulli coal mine. . The doors, in the galleries were jammed open so that the' air was. diverted and explosive gases allowed to accumulate. It was discovered in time to prevent the night shift entering.A young man named Jeffery accidentally shot his sister, and, finding she was likely to ' lose her life, committed suicide. March SO. News has been received from the Solomon Islands that the natives of the middle group are actively preparing for another raid on the natives of the neighbouring islands, and it is feared that much bloodshed will again . result. The information of the severe hurricane at Samoa, attended with sad loss of life and destruction of property, caused a great sensation throughout Australia. There is no sign of H.M.S. Calliope, which left Apia shortly after the storm for this port. It is now believed that the jambing open of the doors in the galleries of the Bulli coal mine was due to carelessness on the part of the workmen, and that there was no attempt made to allow explosive gases to accumulate. April 1. Beneficial rains have fallen in different parts of the colony, and it is still raining. His Excellency the Governor has forwarded a message of sympathy to the German and American consuls in connection with the loss of life at Samoa. The Government have decided to renew the San Francisco mail contract for the term of one year cnly on the grounds that the proposals for the carriage of mails, via Canada, require grave consideration. In renewing the contract with the owners of 'Frisco steamers the Government have made it a condition that only white labour is to bo employed on their boats. The wet weather has interfered with the wheat auction sales. Two thousand bags ex barque Notero, from Lyttelton, were offered but passed in, except a small line of chick feed at 3s 7d. Adelaide, April 1. The total exports of wheat and flour to data amount to 34,000- tons, half of the whole amount available for export. Specimens of true corundum have been found in Central Australian fields where also favourable indications have been discovered of the existence of rubies and probably diamonds. The wheat market quotations are steady at 5s Id. ' i ■ April 2. In the course of an interview to-day, Lord Onslow said that leading men at Home were beginning to look upon colonial governorships as an excellent training ground between the lower and higher political offices of • the empire. The idea, he added, is for a man to begin political life at Home, continue it in the colonies, and finish up at Home. He pointed out that there is now a desire to bring the politics of the Home country and the colonies more in harmony. This feeling had originated with the present Government, but Lord Rosebery was more strongly impressed with it than any of the Conservative leaders. Lord Onslow look 3 to the Imperial navy armaments as the primary requisite for the defence of the colonies and to the local forces as a valuable auxiliary, but thinks tha idea of the Admiralty is that when tha colonies get their new navy they will have a line of defenoe with which no country dare interfere. He expressed great pleasure afc meeting Sir William Jervois, from whom he bad picked up many valuable hints concerning lsew Zealand, Brisbane, March 28. Tramway frauds similar to those in Sydney have been discovered, and one conductor has been arrested in consequence. It is believed the Government have been defrauded of as much as £10,000 a year. The Government have presented MM Germont and Loir, M. Pasteur's representatives, with "a honorarium of £500 each in recognition of their successful cultivation, by artificial means, of the virus of pleuropneumonia. AprilX. Owing to the severity of the drought, nearly 800 aboriginals are in a starving condition at Herberton. Relief has been sent them by the Government. Lord'Knutsford has informed the Government that the Queensland Chinese Bill differs materially from the bill agreed to at the recent conference on the Chinese question at Sydney. The British Government are unable to assent to the bill till further information is in their possession on the subject. Thubsday Island, March 29. I News has been received from Singapore to ! the effect that a bill to totally suppress secret i societies in the Straits Settlements has passed | the committee stage in the Legislative [ Council. I Four thousand one hundred and seventy- : four bags of wheat by the Pukaki from New | Zealand have been sold at prices ranging : from 4s 6d to 4s 10£ d. Onions have risen to £14, owing to 'a scarcity. April 1. I It is reported that the German barque Myanbans has been wrecked at Bramble Bay, New Guinea, but no lives were lost. The agricultural statistics for the Auckland counties of Waipa and Waikato show that the area of land under wheat has increased by ona half more than that of last year. The increase of oats average has nearly doubled, and there i» also an increase in the land sown in potatoes and turnips and in the number of orchards. The returns from Raglan county show a similiar. improvement. , POISOHOOT XUIB B*9TOMSS AKD DlKS.—Thft publlo bave frequently been warned in. medical and other papers, against xuAag hair renewert and restorers, which being composed of polionbus and ' mineral ingredient* have » most detrhneotar effect on the hair and tcUp. The only »afe preparation It RomJufDS 1 JLiausAa On, which nearly 100 yean trial Kas proved to b« perfectlr harmlew jtod mo«* beneficial Id bB Okies of low of Bair, spnrf, and Ajfifr , ruff ; it greventt sod arrest* baldness and prodnos %T% T * luxuriant and glowy head- of hair'; alto wid in * golden colour, x Bowxavbs' Kfti^poa produces,., soft and. delicate skin and, removes all cataaeout i tiarishes,. Ajk ohmittf fox articles, . . ,