ARRIVAL OF THE ALDINGA WITH THE AUGUST MAILS.

Otago Witness, Issue 569, 24 October 1862, Page 3

ARRIVAL OF THE ALDINGA WITH THE AUGUST MAILS.

The Aldinga arrived on Tuesday at Port Chalmers, bringing t!ie English mails and newspapers to August 26, and telegraphic intelligence nine days later. Her dates from Melbourne are to October 16. We take the following abstract of the intelligence, from the Home Newn :—: —

The items of intelligence from Amei ica are not wry numerous, and the war singers. But significant s-Lni's of tlie future are abio.ifl.

The emancipation scheme has been again, and with incited emphasis, rejected hy the m.yoriU leprescntingthe Bonier .Suites. They express themselves with marke! d. ference and loyalty, which makes tlvir di U'i miii'itiim to resist the Abolitionists, by whom the Pr- il iilont d'Carcs lie I, intently pias-d cwiy d.iv, the more significant and dangerous. Ir is clear timt the Border States iiave no pie ent intention of joining the Confederate-, nor is it likely that they will ever oin them ; but llih !:,st leply to the President indicates no remote p,vs-i >i ity of their ultimate formation into a cluster under one independent foim of government. In fart, the Union is gradually, from one cause and another, undergoing a slow, but certain, process of absolution.

The Pipsident has signed the Consfiscalion Bill, and after one of the most extraordinary sessions on record, dining which ci»ht hundred millions of dollar.-, were appropriated for the war Congress had adjourned, hut not without a fierce denunciation by Mr Chandler of the proce' <iiiv;.s , f M'Clellau. General Il.illeuk lu.s been appoiutul Commauder-in-Chief. Uenoial Pope issued a proclamation declaring his intention henceforth to qua.ler his army on the places through which he passes; »0» 0 which Jeffeison ]Javi«h is responded by announcing his indention to make reprisal* on all Fedeinl oflicers that f.ill into his hands.

The hot season iippi ins to have suspended, for the most part, actual operations in the field ; but preparations (or greater activity than ever are going forwaid on both fides. In Kichino'id, the Confedeiate; are reported to lie building three iron-clad steamers destined for the James ltiver ; and in the North, every species of temptation and intimidation is resorted to for the purpose of stimulating the languid progr.-os of recruitin"-. But all efforts to collect a force adequate to five grand and impossible design on hand have hitherto proved fruitless. Fai ing in his call for 300,01)0 men, Pre.sidtnt Lincoln has called for 300.000 m re. The logic is irresistible. If the country won't give 300,000, it must {xiveCOO.ooo. But the last cxp* rimcut faied no better than the first. The Irish aud Germans, got frightened, and there was an immediate exodus to Canada and the coast. The Government, however, intervened, stopped all persons from leaving the countiy who could not satisfactorily prove that they were not citizens of the States, and in this knot of complications tin model republic was placed witb.it> people at the date of the last mail. The few incidents of the contest in different places are for the most pail in favor of the Confederate s. An iron ram, the Aikansas. after committing tremendous damage on the Federal gunboats in the Mississippi, has been blown up by its crew°at a moment when, undergoing repairs, it was attacked at a disadvantage. But other steam rams of formidable rower are said to he constructing with a view to the James lliver, and should they be brought into action, they will undoubtedly hasten the termination of hostilities if hostilities are ever to end. In M'Clellan's camp, where the thermometer stands at 1)4 degrees in the shade, the men are dying by hundreds, and, notwithstanding all fabiicatod reports to the contrary, it would be impossible for the mysterious captain of these skeleton legions to bung one-half of his roll into the field. In the Virginian Valley there has been a sanguinary battle between the Confederates under Stonewall Jackson and a considerable portion of Pope's troops. As unuil, bnth parties claim the victory ; but it is obvious that Jackson accomplished nil he wanted, aud he thei. withdrew in good order. While these scenes me being enacted in the field, the reign of tenor is netting; in in the North. The conscription h.is begun, and the tax-collector is about to begin. Theie is no metal ciiirency of any kind in circulati n, and the only medium of money intercourse is in the shape of perishable postage stamps. This clearly cannot last. The coiuiiiion of Tta'y at the present moment awakens painful feelings, (Jnriboldi has taken arms acjaintt the State which he hiiwlf may be said to have called into existence. Having collected a handfui of I'vulunteers, gradually augmented from different quirten, he has moved from place to place iv feicily, at fust declaring for Unity and Victor Emmanuel,, but ultimately dropping the king fiom his desperate proclamations. The Italian Government lias been reluctant, to direct its arms against the most devoted of Italian patriots, and slow to denounce as a lebel the deliverer of Sicily and Naples. But there are limits to f> rbeai ance, when the peace and security of a kingdom are at stake, and the Cabinet of Victor Emmanuel, foitified by a vote of confidence on the part of the Senate, have at last taken a decisive step, from which it is impossible now to recede.

(Jarilialdi ha^ buun dec'are.l in le'vllion against the fniuitry, and Sicily has heen placed in a state or" sk^e. The, programme has baen followed up by vigorous action. The sf about d is watched nnd guarded, and sioms nr>.' cinfcniia.il. <j o:i ihe i I.nil. Uaubakli, win his enhrdl ''at i.i i, i.~ \<v .b.ihly hy thi^ time -"'i 1 uiided on ;ill s- d. « .v.d nn> hour 'may bring titling of a collision. If ihe aecmints that reach us may he cmliteil, and we f,cc iv reason to distrust them, Gjiib;ddi has f.rir'y thrown olfhis 'illeiiance, •Uul ;iSsiimed the attitude • f a heading a, itvchiii n. lie h s sei-{i(l th; imhlic treasury, and constructed a Lovennncnt of his , wn in the si'nal! place wiie.e I.■ his ink,.. i up his qua'tei*. Ijut t'i<» h-il-hiiut iViifiino tl> it attend, d his fust landing iv oicilv •'ucs not seem likely to wait upon his second expeditiui. '1 he people of Catania are not with him All those who can, are lepres'nted t/> be leaving the 'o.\n; rnjr is tliere any w her • that turbulent enthusiasm uiion which ii'oui "the icmotest chance of suec nt 9 C'lukl he misoaabiy calLiilatid Kvon th n Iluiiganans keep siloof. lie has i.«sucd a proelnmaifon apDcaiing to them fo>- c )-operatimi, to which General K ; i[ki h:n leplicd by declaiiag tnat in his ; v usent position (ja.ilialdi diics not represent the Aoico of Ilaly, an 1 that the Ilungiriaus will husbai'd (heir foice-, for letter time=. U tlm^ appeal h that tie f<>re.n"sf »f Tl.-dian heiocsis isolated in the midst of his compaui'to, and that whatever he takes must, more or lest,, eonrn-o-mi'.e either his own inihi'-nca, or tlie cause lie is labcurins; to advance, or both.

Pailhinent was prorogi. <I on the "Hi August, after a Hes-'o i by mo m-.'iiis eventful, hut p'cs -nting, oa !ii it vv aci'iunt, aliuudiiut piou'itU for general ■atisfiietion. The Qnren's iSpopnh lairly rcliects the pLuMny <>f our eon lition, sliowj us how happily w<3 ;ue situated with le^icct to funign Poweis, ,>nd points with cpii'-t co uplaeuice to tho-e pr n^iple of coni-n-eici.d irite-cou.-se and polrieal hen rality which have ruiiutained sf'tdiastly amidst manj s)re temptations. The de ■laiation that her »:aje 3 ty sets no icy.son to depart from the suict jioiicy of non - intcive i.iou which she has obieivcd tow.-iril3 Aiuciica will b; lei'tlvd '\irh liryfoimd (irat!lic\tion e\er>. ulierc, except iv Ameik'i. It is now becoming evident that the war party in the Xuit!:ern .Stat"a are e.ide.nouring to ni'i'-e e:ipit-il nut of tho luigj.tv.i 1 inUrventifvn, and that, in spile of all protestations to tlie contnrv, they jieii iti:i d"cl.uinar thai Hn.Jand meditites either til's immediate rtcoinition of the South, or at least mediation in .some shape. Tiic obj-et nf this fraudulent rcpre?< ntotion is t-> keen u,j Ihe hatred agaii.st England on t'ne one hand, and to lug^on the lading zn\ of Iho people on the otlu'r. Tim Que-n's Speech eugl tto open the eys of Yan'-eodom. Nothing can be more explicit thin i!ie cxpie»vi<ui of 'he det'jimina f io:i to let the Aineric ins tiilit out their quarrel. Tl>. an.L'.ounce'iie ii, sdtii, m ide bvEail Russell in t'.e Uppe- House, to tip same ffieefc, oi'ple-l with the f-taleiannl that no overtures freni Foreign Powers le-p^ctinu i'lterveiitio-i liad Ivn mn'e to the English Gircrnineiit, canii'it fail, «o imagine, to pioduee a s'llutiry ett'eot wherever common sense is permitted io cxeiL-nc any influence in Anierici.

A piiT.ur.iph, \ei\ similar in spirii , Is devoted in the .speech to our operai-ous in China. It is eonfi'ied to th ■ bimp c tat thai our tro ips there are co-onei-atiiij; v, iih th-i-c of the Emper ir in the protection i-f the chief seats of British commerce. It prudently avoids all topics of controversy, and puts foith iii plain words all that needs be said on the subject. Tie distress in L-inca-hii'c and Yo.-kshire naturally ucupies a plaos in the h|-cvh. Her Majesty ex-pt-.i-es her <leep sympathy with the mi Here >s .a-'.d her admiration of the cndinancu tln-y liave shown thioucrh this juiioj of sevmo a(Hi 'Li'in. There is nothing, indeed, in modem histoiy more rcmaikable than the quiet foititule wi'h which the working ch--><s in the nort'i Inve nn-t, ,-i.seiso!i of unpra'lehd ini=ery, tlu is-ue, of \.hich are vet dark and distant A quarter of a century ngo sucli a state of things as h's now oucuired in the liannfac'urins? districts vould have produced an iusiurection of operatives.