MAORI NOMENCLATURE.

Otago Daily Times, Issue 15465, 28 May 1912, Page 8

MAORI NOMENCLATURE.

No. XX.-NAMK IN CANTERBURY

Ot W. 11. Sherwood Rodkhts, Oaniant,

Ak.uioa. Aka-roa may mean "long tibrous roots of shrubs,' t.licso articles lioing nsotl for lying up palisading to protect llie |«. In the early days tho settlement was known to tho wludurs as Ikka-roa, a long dance, but most likely the word should be Wluikaroa or n»caninp Ixing Bay. (Mr Smith; Tliis. no doubt, is tho correct moaning.) luiward Shortland wrote:— " llakaroa is .synonymous with Wluuvga-roa (long waiting place, or long port). Tho tirst syllable is aspirated by the Natives of tho district. Tho sound wlin of the noi'lhorii Maoris is replaced by 'ha,' and sometimes by 'a' among the southern tribes, and 'k' is almost always substituted by thorn for 'ng,' Tho river Hakatcro would, in the north, Ik> wiled Whaiigatcri)." Tho Nomenclature Committee of tho Now Zealand Parliiinient, 1903, rtsolved that Haka-roa. wus the correct rendering of Akaroa. The Rev, Ricliard Taylor iu "To Ika a inaui," p. 577, sttys: " In tho word Akam tho 'w' has l)oen droiipcd and Ik ' subBtituted for ' ng,' the proper word being Wangaroit. Tho early settlers railed Akaroa tho " Brighton of Canterbury." Tho British flag was hoisted on tlreeu Point, Akatoa, by Captain Stanley, of the Britomarto, on August 10, 1840, "and tho French immigrants arrived on August 13, and woi*t much annoyed at seeing tho British Hag flying. An obelisk commemorating the event has been erected 011 tho spot, the date on it being August 16, 1840. -Mr Robinson in his diury tints recorded tho hoisting of tlio Hag:—"Ho loft Russell, B:iy of Islands, iu the Britomarto, on August 3, 1840, Captain Ouen •Stanley, Commander. They arrived at Akaroa on the morning of August 11, and erected u llagpolo. On August 16, at 12 o'clock noon, L'harlos Harrington liohiiifon, deputed by Governor llobson, hoisted tho Union Jack, and ivail the proclamation annexing tho country in tho name of her Majesty ijneen Victoria, in the presenco nf Captain Stanley, his ofliccrs, some of tho crew, about a. dozen .Maoris, and .Mr Green, lhe only Englishman then in the bay. with his family." ("Canterbury Old and New 1900," p. 4i.) In "Stories of Banks Peniititiia," p. 153, tiiero is a long account of hoisting tho Union Jack at Akaroa, by -Mr Jimmy Robinson Clough, a whalor who livetl at Wluuigaron with his Maori v.'ifo in 1810. I take, the following extracts from it: " I was ill my lxi.it with my wifo and her youngster and a man we called Holy Joe. I noticed a ship come round the |ioint into Akaroa Bay with a light S.W. wind. Wo stood towards Iter. Wo could see her ports, therefore know sho was a inan-of-wur. Sho crimo to an anchor a littlo above Green's Point. Sho was tho British man-of-war Britoinartc, Captain Stanley. Ho a.skcd tne to stop oil board. He told 1110 that 1 must bo sworn in as 11..M. interpreter, as he intended lo take possession of tho islands ill her Majesty's name, and wonted me to explain it to the Maoris. Next morning there was a great muster of Natives on the sandv braolt. Three or four of tho fillip's boats were ashore, and a party of the crows wcro sent with 111 c to got a lingstall. Wo cut. down a ktihiknleu Kliiu) nine), as straight as a dio and 40ft long. A hole was dus, a block ami halyards rigged on, and it was soon tip. After all tho Natives were squatted down tho ca|itain read his errand hero to the Natives, all of which I had to interpret. After which tho British standard was run up, and a discharge of musketry lirod by tho marines. A salute was also tired with the big guns 011 Ixiard, over which the Natives got into a great state of extilemont. Tho captain invited myself and (several of tho cltiofs cn board, whero he gave us a grand spread, and each of the chiefs a marine's coat. Next morning the Frcnch vessel arrived, and landed her colonists." On tiro 18th the Kieneh frigato L'Aulio, commanded by Commodore 1/avaud, iukl 011 tho 19th tho Fronclt ship Comtc do Paris, commanded by Captain L'Anglois, with 63 immigrants arrived (30 men, 11 women, and 22 children). Tho French claimcd that the French flag had been ]Janted on Banks Peninsula in 1833 by Commodore Cuilce, of the Hcroino (S.B.P. 91). Green Point was named after Mr Green, who wus (hero in 1840, in charge of eight head of cattle bolonging to Mr W. B. Khodes, imported front Sydney. Air Umon built Iho first hotel in Akaroa, a building 40ft by 30ft. Mr Rhodes built the. second hotel. They wcro callcd inns. The Frcnch gavo their settlement at Akaroa tho naino of Takivbinik, Fi-ench way of spelling Taka-puncki.

•Jolono! William Wakefield slates:—'"lll tho twentjes tlioro was a large pa. at Altaroa inhabited by over 1500 souls, nearly all of whom wcro killed by Te Rati.paraha and Ilia warriors. (Mr Smith: In 1831). Only two individuals saved themselves by swimming from an island lo tho main laud."

An account in White's "Ancient History of tho Maori." states that. To Haii|>aralia, wishing to revenge the murder of his friend Te Pclii and others nt Kainpoi, determined to go south and attack the Ngaitahu in 1830. According to Maori custom, it tvas not. necessary lo revenge an injnry on the person who had caused it, but Utn, a more expiatory vengeance than Utu. could Iw inflicted, 011 any person, or on any hapu of the same tribe, 110 arranged with Captain Stewart, of tho brig Kbzalioth, to take him and a strong Tatia to llakaroa. For a consideration of SO tons of flax fibre, worth £1200 in Sydney, he agreed to do so. Ho sailed with between 100 and 200 warriors, and on arriving at. Hak:iro;i, induced the chief Tanin-i-hara-inui. with his wife i;nl daughter Nga-roi-mata. tear-drops, a girl of 16 years, to comii on board with several of his men. To Raupnraha inn l :- racred all the followers, and oonfinrd the chief, witli his wife and daughter. Ilis Tjtta went ashore to the pa known .is Taka-pu-ncki, which means "to move on the belly." and slaughtered all tho Maoris iliny could find. (Mr Smith.—The proper natho of the pa is probably Tidia-putiaki. the " fallen stern-niece " of a canoe).

The place where Taina-i-Ilara-niii lived is now callcd Takow, rather a chance from Tar.'i-iru-nHa It was at the north of Akaroa Harbour, in lied House Hay. Two liiiropeans i\w living there at tho time. with their Maori wivrfi. . Te Raii|Kiralta took thorn prisoners, but they afterwards ewaped and went to Sydney.

Willi regard to there being 200 warriors on the Klinlx'tli, Tan re Wdero Tckaliu, of Waitaki. says th(i\' were only 40. which is more likely to I s ? correct, n.s the vowel was a brig of only 226 tons burden. The licv •1. W. Stack spelt the chief's name To-Mai-liara-nni, but Tama-i-hara-nui is correct. It means "Son of much evil." The name, however, does not imply that either he nr his father were guilty of evil doing. He :i ; called King Oeorge by the whalers, il'- wife's name was Te Who " Th<. Cater-t-illar." About 100 men were killed at Taka-pu-ncki, and 50 taken on Itoard lh- 1 Klijalietb as prisoners. Mr S. P. Smith gives the date December. 1850. A lav on tlio eastern shore, tiearb- six miles fn»"i the bead, is I'u-kae-riki (Kae's little fort). An island in the bay ir Wai-wii Ibig water) A well known Maori nnmcd Tamali Paurini I'fd at his rosidencß O-ruka-tahi (the nlace of ono puka tree. "Meryt-n sinclnirii "I. Akaroa. on I>oenil>er l. 1902. lie was the last survivor of tho captive bkon during To Rairjiaraha's ma=sacro at Takanuneki Pa. when he raided Akaroa in the brig K!i7r.beth. Paurini tvas 90 years old. A '.-reat wngi (wak", Irish I was held nt Tikao Hay ]'«i. One of tho streams runr.rnir through tho town of Akaroi is O inaka. Ir wjis the n.-me of a Ngati Mamoe c!}iof, who wa.s there in sinsle <-orr,-b-it by Tnt.i-kak.ihi-kiirn. a Ncai T.ilui warrior (S.B.P. IB). The i«inl of land nt the head of Akaron narMur. between nuvuiohelle (proroniiowl IX»vasho!l) and Rol Bays i« 0-lokotoko (Iho plnr-» of tlio walking vtiokt. so named br-caitso th" Xtr.'d Tahn chief. T-~- _A k.', took of the land by nlantini' his walking stafT In tlio groiird. Robinson's Bay vras numrd after Charles Barrinrton RoWns'm. the first ftosidont Map-i--.tr.xte at \k."'fr?. wlm nfitwl Caitnin Stan'ev to hor-t the Bnthii st-T.!-ard a! Onvn's Point en ,-*"':tiit 16. 1840. Mr Robinson left in 18-13. The r-roir.onto"-Akaroa. and flerman P.TV win OT'lvra ('he place of the jnonster).

Tin. first «liip "-'ith immi'-pnt- tliir*; from Enrland to Akarra was the of 375 tons, ivhicli arrived on April 2, ISSO,

with 52 passengers, 40 of whom remained (S.RP. 114).

The eastern head of Akaroa Harbour, on which a. lighthouse has Irvii built, is now called Trueiii. It thi,s is a Maori nn.'iit' there is an error in spelling it. Most likely it is a ciirrnption of To Ratthino (tin 1 eel cleity, an old woman, or a. peculiar tuodo of warfare). Arrowsinit.h's Mnp. 1841, marks it Ileroino Head, after a French ship commanded by Commodore Ouilki, who is retried to havo planted tho Fronelt llag tiiero in I83!i.

There is a peculiar cliff, about 303 foot high, not far from the eastern lie ad. According to tJie Weekly I'res;, on Juno 2, "it big cave running in underneath it for somo distunce is called " Dan Rogers." -An old whaler who Jmd bei n on the wast since 1854 gave the following explanation of the nnnm:—" Theiv was a man ill Sydney nanud Dan Rogers. Ho and his wife kept a sailors' Ixxiriling-liou'x', and tis singki chaps used to slop there when ashore. Ho wd.s a tpiarreisotiie wirt of a fellow, and when ho got dnnilc ho used to come homo and kick up a shindy with the old woman, nnd smash tip nil tho crockery and fiirnituro he could lay his bands on. When wc was going round to I'iraki in the Iw.iU we used 10 anchor down there by a big cave, and when it. was rough tlh> sea cume in there and made a great row. awl tho chaps use: I to say. ' My word, Dan Rogers atid bis old woman are at it again; can't you hear him smashing tip things? And tluvt's how it came to ba called ' l)tin Rogers.'"

Tile name of the present- Maori Kaika is O-iNuku, which 1110:1ns tho dwelling-placo of tho god of the raintxv.v, (Mr Smith.— Thisjiieaning is not a pood one. L'oniiku, or k'.llm-k'nr.i. is god of tl 1. 1 rainlraw; 0Niiku is probably an abtircviatioii of a longer naiiie; as it stands, it means " plaiv of the ishiiul "I. Hie ivmuant of Iho Xgai Tabu have raided there since To Itaup.araha, iu 1830, dmroyed Te I'a-nui-o-hau (tho big pa of tho witui), tlio fortified pa at O-Nawe (the place that was set on fire), wjiicli was on tlio Peninsula, thrcc-nuartcrs of a mile long, that divided the loaiililjil harlmur, at tho northoni end, oigltt uiiies from the town of Akaroa- Tho isthmus is oovcred nt high water, making the Peninsula nit inslaml.

A small Kailca fur up the lmrbour, on tho western shore, was O-llae, the plaoo Unit, is disliked. (Mr Smith.—O-llno is probably another abbreviation; it. moans ' flio place of the oitttinp. or scorini:.") Tho Rev. Canon Stack wrote, " Within Akaroa Harbour, the proper name of which is Whaka-rca (long- inlet), aro t-ho follow ing plnccs. Alxiut. a mi In from the Eastern Head is a. cave called 'IV Whata-o-kokiriro (Ih? rai sot I storo house of Mr Ivokiriro, a chief of tho Ngnti Mamofll. Tt was formerly a favourite haunt for seals. On tho «ist. sido of tho harbour, nl a point al>ou(. three miles from tho head, is a spot, named Kan-wao-wiri, meaning chatterill? jaws, and v.as fjivon to tho plncc lx>caiifo a. (liver for pnua sheJls shivered with colli. On Ihn llat. between Diiva-uchellex. mined after ft French storekomer, ami Ilobimon's Bays is a place called 0-toko-toko (the plaoo of the walk-in? stick), so '•-illed beoanso a chief, ie Also, there thrust lii» "t'lt *nto the 03 n sign of his taking possession of that part. The headland' 011 tho south rirlo of French l r arm ('l'o lina-tahi) ii Tc-irinpn-o-ta-nin;'i-taurowa. The bench on 'ho south side of Kicnch Kami is called Pupu o-lnno-|>aJii breanse a Maori woman picked ui> a shell there which sho highly prized. T-.vo miles north of Capo Three Points is r. v.iint called Mai-rangi. Signal fires were limited hum by Maoris wishing to cross tho liarIvonr. and their friends would toko a oanoo to fetch thorn. About a mile south of Capo Threo Points there is a cliff, and at its foot, a eavo Killed Te-ana-ote-korori-wlia, because a man named Kororiwha, who was building a canoe up above, in bending down, fell over the cliff and was killed." Kororiwha is tlio name of a small pnua shell, soa-ear. IlaJiotis Vircinica. Mr Stack also mentions a plaoo «»> Taka-matua, on the oast. shore of Aknroa.. between tlio town of Akaroa ami tho East Head.

Tlw first willow planted in Akaroa !s said to have been a cut! in;.' from the woopiiiLr troo overhanging Napoleon's grave nt St. Helena. It was planted in German Bay by Mons. Eugene de Bolligny, where it grew frrolv. After .1 great innnv cuttings had been grown from it. by different. |xy>ple tlie historia first willow troo was ruthlessly cut down by slr Lucas. who, n'lu'ii rcproarliod f"r his want, of sentiment, sand "That lie did not sco any difference between one willow tree and another." (S.U.P, 123). Pigs and coats were so plentiful in 1346-7 that llicy beeamo a. great iiuisanco in tho vicinity of Akaroa. ONAWE. '• The remarkable pear-shaped promontory which divides the upper end of Akaroa tlatbour into two smaller bays is a locality possessing special interest to tho Maori annalist, not. only from its bavin-; been from ancient times tho reported abode of an Atua, or guardian spirit, but moro particularly because of the silo of the la.it occupied Maori fortress on the Peninsula, and the- soone of a terrilJe encounter with To linnparaha's fnrew, The summit of On awe was (tilled To-pa-nui-o-llau (tho chief home of wind). There amongst the huge iionldors and rocks that crown the hill and cover tho stoop sloping sides dwelt the Spirit of tho Wind. _ Tradition tells how jealously it, guarded its sacrod haunts from caroles intrusion, how it terrified tho unwary or too daring trrs|Vißser by demandill? in strange unearthly tones. "What doesl. Thou here?" instantly following up the question liy tho peremptory command, "Turn lwclt!" A command none dnrod to disobey, 'Thy atlicuhtc utteranoes of the Spirit, of tho Wind havo long ceased. It lia.s been innte over tiinco tho report of a musket, was first heard on Onawo, and tho Maoris conclude that tho loud and unaccustomed noise seared tho Atua away (S.B. P. 43). Onawo was not a fortified pa until Te Ua.upa.nJia extended his conquests to Kaikoura, when, dreading ho might como further 5011 th, the Akaroa Maoris built tho extensive fortifiextions which proved so ftitile, for tho capture and destruction of t.lio irv at Onawo by 'IV Hauiparaha almosl annihilated tho Maori inhabitants of Banks Peninsula. Of all the numerous pas built by the Maoris on Banks Peninsula in nreI'akeha days only fivo remained in 1904— \iz.. Port. I/"vv, Littlo River, Tikau, Tho Kaika, and Itajviki, in Lyttelton Harbour. _M<iny of the liest sites in 1 little River townshiti are still owned by Maoris. Tlio western head of Akaroa Harbour is Tiomliinu. meaning, most likely, a promontory. In Ilalswoll's Map it is spelt Timateno Point. In Brett's i Pilot, 1880, it. is named Iron Head, or Timatini. A small hay west, of the point is CMara (the placo of a point); a'boat, harbour a little further west was Wahamo.

The next iwint, (joinsf westward, is Wni hua-kino, water of had fruit.

A little bay west <rf it is Wakn-kai, food in si cftnoo, sometimes ailed I/ontr Bay. a name which should l« dropped in favour of the Maori name, for tlioro arc three Long Bays on t-lio southern and oastorn coasts of Rank's Peninsula. (Mr Smith.—'Waka-kai should probably l>e Whakakai. an oar-drop.) An island off Widenl;ai Buy is also rolled YTakn-kai. A pleasnnt valley a few miles west from Akaroa is Wainui (bis water), or Wai-a-nui. as it is generally spell. A Iraiknon llio coa.4 btwofm Wninui und llikimintd was Whuka-moaiia A hay still further west was Onnlere, well sheltered, but havinif no landinjr plaeo. Close lo It a larjrc hay is named Piraki Cove, or Pirantfi, "to lotiff for." hut it. is sometimes misspelt l'eraki. Ivluurd .Shortlaml, who is generally rorrii't, spoil it "Pirekn," but I think thai in tins c.'isn lie was wrony. (Mr Sinit!*. Piraki is prolubly ritrlil, but Pi-roka mislit lie fo equally, inenning "the young bird, swept to rat.")

Captain I,'Antrlois. a French whaler, elaimwl that ho !>oiit,'lit nil the land be-lu<-en Aknroi- anil Pimki in 1855 or 1857, and Capla-in (Vorge Hamplcman, .1 CJennnn winter, nurclumo'l lar.d at " Puaki" in 1837 from Tu-llawaiki, nicknamed " Bloody

•lack," l.vcaw* lie made use of llio adjective frequently, ('<ipt.iin llempleiinn, formerly of (lie britr TSfp. visited Bank's Peninsula, on February 17, 1836, and loaded tlio lire wifh oil by .Inly 24, when the vessel sailed for Sydney. Ho was so pleased with Piraki that h n |x>riuaded a Sydney firm. Mes.irs (.'l.iylon and Duke, lo icl liim establish a whaliii'.' station on shore at. Piraki. H<> left Sydney on December 18, 1836, in the schooner Hannah, with four boats and their crews, about 30 men in all. and I lis wife, the onlv white woman. They arrived it Piraki Cove on March 17, 1837. llompleninn built his house of fawn timber, which he had brought from Qureri Oltirloik.'s Sound. I hie of his mates w;is Rillv .Simpson. well and favourable known on the Ppmn<uln. The fir«t Mrs Ilemplornan died at Piraki in 1839. and was tin first European woni.Vi buried on the Peninsula. She was an English irirl who had oomo to Sidney im 1111 iimnisrant. 0" t'w.W' hand lookim? seaward from Piraki is a reel; called tSfmp.on's Hock, wlioro tlio veleran whaler used to look out for whales. I:■ r;liav, nest of Piraki. way named Pareaihe. Ivca-uso of the driftwood Uiere.

In 1835 there were four ivorkinsr whalin? tuitions alonir this roast namely,—Ron* revtni. Hiku-raniri. Piranci. and Oi-hon, penfrally enJi.v<l " 00-rvshoro" by the whalers. (Mr Smith: Rou-mai.ii, "rake in mi!£<els." or other r(4ish; ITiku-rantri. cHp» of the sky. a very common Maori luitne: Oib*« i; evidently snno corruption). ProHh'y Oilion should lw Kohiw (anovnn) In 1843 thorn wore 20 male and two fc-malo Europ«ir. residents at Piraki, besides tlio

Maori imputation. Iliku-ratigi was genorally oaJled Ikoraki. In 1840 thoro was a shore whaling station at Island Hay. Island Ka.v rcoi'ivud its narno from a towering nx:k guarding' tho entnuKV. Tho next, hnv was Wo.ka.-moa (the canoo Moa). Mr Wright was tho first European to occupy liinil there. Ho wont there in 1E47. Tlio land Ilemplemnn purchased was described in tho deed as " from Mowry liar|>our south to Flea Bay north, inclndiiKr Wnmjahon," and so on. lie left. Ikoraki ill 1855. and tool; up his residence at Clorman lkiv, Akaroa. llowrv llurfcour was Ohahoa at I In; northern oxtremity of tho 50-niile Reach. Wanirahou wis spoil Wangoolou in the deed. It was Akuroa. The payment was. —"as agreed hy tho undersigned,—viz, jiy payment of one big boat, by name tho Mnry Ann. including two sails and lib, nho qua nl it v of tolmcco, blankets, and other fW. ' Extent, of laud 15 miles east, soutii, :iud inland. Signed by John Tuhawaiko .".'id eight other M-ioris Purchase was rnde mi 1837. but completed November -. 1559. The Mary Ann wiw about 10 lons bunion Ivstimatrd value of the whole £650 (S.R.I'. 67). James. Campbell. Commissioner of Crown Lands, investigated Captain Henmleman's eliiim, niui recommended " that n Crown grant bo issued to him (or 2659 acres from Mow it. llarlioiir. us then e,'tiled. situated at the northern' extremity of Ninety Mile Tlmcli, between tho liarlxiur and Flea Ray. and from tliero as a Iwfii oxteuding 15 miles inland, across Hank's Peninsula, that, is to say. within a nearly sqitaro figure. three sides of which am rach 15 miles in length, including Wangoolon, now called Akaroa Ilarliour." lleiuplonuin nevar received a Crown grant for the land or any jwtion of it. lie was barn at AJtona, the prinfipal oily of fchlosMolstoin, in 1799, and died on Febraa;y 13, 1880. aired 81 years. I!e wastwice married. Tiio Inst, few years of his life were spent, in the hospital. In Squally Bay is an old Ilapulia proper] fisliuiij ground called Kai-wai. Itobin Hood liav west, of I'irati was 0-a-miku (tho residence of Mr Nuku-deeoive). A shallow lir.y next was Tc ana-a-tureti (the cave or hay of Tnreti—unsteady), Then Mahcma (two sinkers for n fishing lino), east of another Long Hay tho Maori name of which is I'aro-aihe. Tho eastern head of Pureaihc liny is Knretu (a sweet-scented crass. Hierochloe rodolens). Bordering Tumbledown Hay is a elilf, Matakitaki !' watch), where bird catchers woro let down with rones. Tumbledown Hay was To Knio (the trees Myoporum laoluni. Tho rooks Hanking tlio entrance to the bay are named Hoar, and Joachin, which most probably should t» Jackin, after the two pillars of tho porch of King Solomon's Temple (I Kings, vii. 21). Murray's Mistake was Tc-ptibalii (the joining, or meeting, or a lieiip) liny. Wo*-t of it is a prominent point named 'I'oka-roro (false entrance). Magnet liav, so called after a ship that was wrecked tliero in the early forties, was Maknra (tho Itead). lam informed that tho Magnet was the barque in which Mr Johny Jones brought- his farm servants from Sydney, which reached Waikouaiti on March 16. 1840. Tho south eastern half of •Magnet Bay, far as the i*>int, was I'aiiiipi ran (decayed sea-ear shellfish). North, west of 'Magnet Bay is Jkuraki or Ikirangi (to oonsitiivc the sky). Perhaps tho word is a corruption of Kiko-rangi, which is interpreted " blue sky," though it is said that tho Maori langungo has no word for "blue." (Mr Smith: This is probably lliki-rangi, meaning the sky removed, that is, clouds removed. Kiko-rangi is the bluo vault of heaven; it does not mean blue, (or which tlio Maoris generally use Uriiiri, bul they really do distinguish between bhte and black). IJriuri is dark liluo or black. Mr A. T. Ngata says, " I'uni is used for lihio now, but that is only llto Maori prot.unoiution of the English word blue." A mountain 2247 feet high, north east of Ikinngi Day, is To Olto (the dagcrcr). A bay west of Iliki-riki is Toko-roa (thin, lanky), and west of it Ohahoa Bay. A viuall bay eastward of Lako Forsyth was Totahi. A picturesque bay in Like Forsyth wns mimed Caton Hay by Mr John Ilenrv Caton, wlio about iB6O purchased a run near Tauir.utu, at the south-west corner of Like Ellesmore, and entered into cattle dealing. Tl» Maori iramc of Lake Forsyth was Wtii-rewa, lloniiiiß water. The winding station of Iliku-rangi, or Tku-ntki (the .try eaves of a liotire) was situated on tho east head of Lake Wairctra, known us Ohn-lirsx, for Olia-oha generous Partialis the correct name of tho whalinj; station and Lake Forsyth should bo lka-raki, dry fi.=li. (Mr Smith: Iliku-rangi must 1)0 correct; it is a very common name. Mr Buchanan had the wiialing station thcro in 1869, and spelt the i-amc Ikolaki, which is certainly wrong. Ilikurangi was tho name of Ihe hill on which dwelt tlio Maori god To Mami-i-te-ra (tlio bird of tile day) in his house, Totoka. (In this hill mortals took refuge during the flood of Run-tapu (A.H.M. 111., 11). lfikit means "tho tail," or "the rear' 1 and Rangi " the sky." Job Price had tho whaling station tliero in 18-14. and spelt it Ikoraki. The Hikuika (tail of a fish) stream runs through tlx* Little River district into Lake Forsyth. The Okute River from tlio east, and the Little River, which was the Ohiriri, and tho O kana (tho placo to stare wildly), join their waters r. littlo north of Like Forsyth, and run into the !aJ;o under tho namo of Ivakarika-wai which, no doubt, slksild I>? Ivalcariki (parrocjiwt) wai (water). Tho Governntont opciiftl tlio Kinkick Sdllement of 12,822 iicros between the Okut<! River and tin? sea toast oy Fr-jiruary 19, 1906. I'uaho (a lioip of cord) is closo to Little River. In stories of Hank's Peninsula, i:age 156, W.iirev.'a is given os Ihe Maori name of Little River, I think in error. At tho mouth of tho river running out of Lake Forsyth I l:.?i\> is a blulF 350 ft high, formim; tho eastern headland, named O-tu-kakan (li.c p'cioe of a standing stalk of a plant) lltokitoki (the place where tho earth was loosened alwufc tho iwits of tho plant) was closo to tho snriiui on the small promontory at tho mouth of Lake Forsyth. (S.B.P. 35). Immediately outfiido the seawanl end of Lake Forsyth on tho cast, is To Ai»a-okoko (Okoko's cavo), named after a man from the North Island, who was shot there by Til Ilawdiki's men. West of Lake Wairowa is a plaoo known as the Devil's Kihil) on which in ancient days was a strong pa named Maruktira (red shield), tho steep rocks forming an almost inacoessahle harrier.

Mr 11. Townsend was surveying on tlio Peninsula diiriiu.' 1858-89. ami surwyod tho Kotituna Estate for Mr Parkinson, For somo reason he marked a. .particular point, ill his survey with n larpe stone instead of a woodon pep, cutting on tho soft, stone the particulars necessary. Somo years later a party of surveyors soarched for the pen. which should have been there, ami, iimliiif: it to l)n stone, oommcmoratcd tlio event Wi oouvi?rtirifr_ it into a grave stone, inscribing on it " Sacred to the memory of 11. Towns, end, Died A.I) 1774." (Mr W. Shanajrhan). This hoax win re|K>rlc<l a& tho discovery of n RTave on the Ka.ituna IWate. It is yot far from the old track used by tin! .Maoris in passing lietweon what has l>e<:n known in later years as tho Kaituna and MncQuccn's Valley, and not far from the Maori pa known as Tolmu-Patiki. Tho Kaituna River runs into Lake KIIO3mcro from Kai-tima I'en I;, tiic word Kiiitmwi meaning "eat cel." Mr Commissioner W. Mantel! mentions Tua-taire Sound 011 Bank's Peninsula. A boundary line ran from Ktikaka-wariwari at Waihora to Kai-tara (food |*>int) at I'ort I.t'YV. Lake AVaihoha. Lako Hllesirioro used to lie Wai-hora, water spread out. It is named Klli'siiiere in hononr of the Earl of that, name, wh;i was one of tho ollioers of l,lio t'antorhiirt Association in 1849. A bank 20 miles long separates Lako Waiijora from tlm Pacific (bran, to which at times it has no outlet. Tlio bunk was'known to the Maoris as Kni-iorelo (cat parroquel) spit. Cc-ncr-illy in winter, or after heavy rains, the outlet, is at the south-west end, near the Kaika, Tan-miitu. The width of the hank rnriK Alxnit seven miles from its eastern end it is of considerable widlli, and from 20 to 30 feet alwve tho level of tlm sea, with scanty vegetation. There is a lurgo jtool of good fresh water, named Otu-wcru-woru, I.he place, for the war Rod's nti-menls. a K-gttlnr halting place for travellers. (Mr ,Smith: Tho nr.ine indicates rathor the place where the garments woro loft.) According to Mr K. Shortland, " wlni is called the Ninety Mite Bcaclt Miimnenoos at the foot of a nearly perpendicular red cliff, at t.!ie northeastern extremity of tliis bank, a litlJt; west of Lake Forsyth, and Wemls west-by - south to Taumutu, thcncc wcsi-wuth-wiit to Rero-inri, r.liout four miles of Wakajiui, thence it trends south-west. Hie Maoris generally onoe a year <k-0(,-ened the outlet of Lako Waihora, to enable them to catch tho fish in it. The mud bank wwr tho southern hank of the lake wns Otu-woruweni. The latroon near the eastern end of Like Waihora was Motuinotuno (a day firebrand). Lake Waihora has been called " Tlio fishing basket of Tutc Kawa," an old chief who claimed the lake. " In June. 1848. the chiefs and |*K>|ile of tlio Tiilm (fathered together at Akaroa. and mwlo over to tlie New Zealand f.'omrany the whole 01 their land=. from Kaiapoi to Port Chalmers, exocritim: their plates of residence and plantations. In rehirn they received tiio sum of o!20G0 and additional rtwves, the eitont of which was left to tho discretion of tlm Government. A few years Inter, h.win? established a claim to tho Luid between Kajapoi and Waipara, a further jjayment of a few

Ijundred jKninds was niado to them for itiat blook. Tho reserves set aside wcro no doubt thought to tie sufficient, but aa Euroix-iin settlement increased tho old fishing grounds wero drained, and Native gamo buoajiio Rinree." (Uanterbiiry Old and Now, p. 170). " When tho Maoris sold the Middle Island to the Government, amongst other reserves they refused to fiart with the lakes ami rivers. Waihora, a largo ex|ians\> of wnter, was prior to 1870 greatly reduced in jizo from tho rising of tho land. Tho Maoris observing this, at onco went on the dcsiecatod land, began to cultivate it, and. when culercd off. refused to go, .'toting they had never sold tho lakes (To Ilea 11 Maui, p. 478). Tho number of .Maoris residing at Taunmtu in 1844 was alx>ut a score; an equal mtinlx-r of maJes and females.

Ijvoio was a |«i on the shore of Lake AVaihora, known as Wai-kakahi (wat«r of the fie-sh-water mussel, tmio), -.vliieh i.s now tiainrd Wasooes. A rebellious chief of tho Waitnha, named Tu-te-kawa, built the Wai-kaka-hi |», iuid his son. Te Uangi-'l'nman, built the Taiwnutu pa, nienjiing an abrupt spur from tho mountain. (Mr Smith: Or, "tho end of tho ridge."). Tn-te-knwa was murdcnxl at Wai-kakahi pa by tho chief Moki.

Ihe Wai-kakahi pa Imd a cibulel, whioh was situated on Ihe hill between Hirdlitig's Valley ;uul Priees's Valley, a fow ehains from the | joint where tin- coach road passes. Tho s|>ot iu ISOO was still marked by tho ditch aixl Iwnk of the old fortress. Rirdling was a wh:iler and was one of tho first to purchase land at Little River. A place on Ihe hills lietwern the lako nml Port. liyllelton wns Knwatawa, tlio namo of two trees, namely, kawit (Ihe Piper evevhum) and tana (the lsoilschmic<li.i). As " tav.a " also means a ridge, tlio interpretation might be "the ridgo, where tho kawa grows." (Mr Smith: It. is prokibly Kawa-latta. tile place wliore tliu kawa coreniony \\-i5 performed over some \v:ir-i>arly before going into action. The Maoris when travelling from Lako Waitvora to Chrislohnrrii, wont by way of MolTe'.i's Corner, at Hnlswoll, where tho original homestead was situated. Thev named tho corner Ota-matua (uncooked company of persons) _ Tho old Maori Eli explained Ihe meaning by sayinir, "It. is the placo whr>re 10 or 20 tie.",pie were lost." 'IVo Mnori ovens (mini) were found near there.

'Ill" Harwell runs from tin* noilhwarvi into Lako Wniliora, and its Mcmri 'name is Opo-ira. Tlk> lo*.vnshii> of Tnitanu is on lli!> Ilalstwll Rivor. nbont, four miles from T'inixiln. (Mr Smith: Tai-inpu is sncrmi fide, or, morn proiyorlv, .111 oWo'"|j-> word for a boundary. "TV la-i-tapul;illawaiki." tin boundary. cutting oIT. from flnwaiki— old son?).

TIIO name of the Rivor fVlwyn. 80-nalled in honour of Bishop Selwvn. toi Wai-kiri-kiri. mranintf water, gravel. It rifts in llio iM.'ilvorn Hills, which uvro formerly known as Knkn-po-lai, a trrouwl parrot on llio otlior sido (Mr Smith: Probably Ka-Icapo-lnhi. (lio smelt l "round parrot, whom somo party of fowlers succoodod in obtaining only 0110 bird). The Wai-kirikiri eniers Lako Wnihora from the north-vest after a lone course. The early settlers generally called tlio river Wai-kitty. Malvern had lwnn natmyj Morvon by William ]>ans, after a mountainous parish in Argyllshire, Mono the surveyors went to Canterbury. but the name being Pcnleli disptai-od the Engilsh surveyors, so thev rhanced tlm namo to Malvern, after (lie Worcestershire Hills. A marble quarry was opened in tlin Malvern Hills in 1876.

(To 1)0 continued,)