MAORI NOMENCLATURE.

Otago Daily Times, Issue 15205, 26 July 1911, Page 10

MAORI NOMENCLATURE.

No- Xrt.—DISTRICT OF yiAßlr BOROUGH (Continued).

Bt W. H. Seeewood Robebts, Oamaru.

The Waka-marina should bo either Wakamarino (canoe, calm),- or more probably ■Whakarinarino'(tho calm place, or waters). The.changing of "o" into "a," and tho omission of "h" are- very common orrors in .Maori orthography, especially in Marlborough. The Whak&tnarino runs into tho Pfiorua a few miles west of the town of Havelock. (Whaka-marino means " become calmed," as of water. I may suggest that TCika, where so used in the Middlo Island, isCeither a European corruption or a dialectic-, variation of Whanga, a bay or inlet. There is a Whanga-marino in tho north. — G:6.) Tho point of Land formed by the junction of the two rivers is Tai-tuku, "the head of tho tide-way,'' showing that tho tide formerly flowed up to the junction, though now it only reaches Para-nui (much sediment), a mile and a-half below the junction, whore there is a fall or natural dam in the Pelorus River, another dam occurring 25 chains higher up tho river at Ropaka. (Ropaka. should bo Rua-paka, 'meaning " the cave, or holo of quartz," or, if it is South Island Maori for Ruapanga, it would perhaps mean "tho holo into which something was oast."—T.S.G.)

* A mile below Para-nui is Parapara, where a.mass of snags imbedded in the river bottom has collected gravel brought down in flood time, and thus raised a barrier, over which, when tho tide is out, tho river flows ■with' great velocity.—J.P.S. (Parapara, when used as the name of a place—and it is coHimon in such use,—means tho swampier spot, or marsh of black mud, where the Maoris steeped and dyed their muka, or flax fibre, for garment making. The fibre by this process would bo dyed a greyieh-blaok or a brown colour, according to the wood stf in in the particular parapara. Ordinarily parapara. means " crumbs" or bits of fluff.— T.S.G.) s The site of the Maori kaika, To Motuweka (meaning the copse, grove, or piece of bush of the wood-hen. —T.S.G.), is now occupied by the town of Havelock. It was named in memory of "General Sir Henry Havelock, K.C.8., who distinguished himEelf J ,in the Afghan an- Sikh wars, the siego of Cawnpore, eto. Tho town wa.e ntarted in 1854. '

A' hill south-west of Havelock (2367 ft high) is marked on the;Government,map Takorika (disturbed-slumber ■in tho' young men's 'house). 'It; is'sometimes spelt Takoreka or TakakariMy'.-.'hut Archdeacon Grace says that all threb words are r/yry uncertain, and that the~oorrect orthography should be obtained if-possible. Can any of your readers assist'.me? Mr S. P. Smith doubtfully suggests- Takorenga..

Anotber-moimtara-west of the Wakamarino Eiyer is Tutu-mapo; .which should be spelt.Tutu-mapou.-(both syllables in tutu long), which- means .'the, Mapou.-. tree • bird snare, (Tutu-mapou, or manau, I think either isfoorreci.—G.G.). : Tho mapou is a small tree,. (Myiane urvillei). / Tho River; Kai-tuna (eat eels) runs into the sound, south of Havelock. The valley of the KaJtuia,- which stretches towards the Wairau Plain,* isreoi lqw.and flat that, it gives the impreaionjof,its.-having'been.a ooDtinnation of- thiss arm-of'the : Pelorus Sound further souiih,'W,Mr S. P. Smith thinks there is no doubt'of it. Most likely the land has been raised , by .'the earthquakes so frequent in the-neighbourhood'of Cook Strait, which accounts•■ for the, tide not reaching Tai-tuku. Mr-'Biiick, in "Old Marlborougli," page 41, says:' " Tho dislocated nature, of the strata, throughout the Sounds Country shows clearly that at some timo it has been subjected to considerable movement, while the >i appearance of tho Kaituna '■Valley, with its low, even level, at once suggests an old , sea channel dried up by an elevation of-its bed and smoothed over by tho washings from the lulls. Even now, with a phenomenally'high mde in'the Pelorus, there is/ scarcelyfsaddle enough to prevent the waves rolling through to • the Wairau, dud there meeting-with those from Cloudy Bay." V-Although.-.earth tremors .so often occur in>New Zealand,' only two serious earthquake, shocks:have occurred, in the vicinity Strait einee the.Pakeka occupied thecountry—one in 1848, 'tho'other on January/23, 1855, when the levels of land bordering on Cook Strait were considerably/altered in places and fissures were opened through Maxwell's Pass and on the Fairfield Downs.

Some of • tho affluents of the Kaituna River are':'.-From the east, O-kahu (tho place of tHo iawk) end Okara-mio (dog cast away), which should bo 0-kura-mio (O-kura-mio is undoubtedly tho correct spelling, and should always be spelt so. It means theplace of .the' tail or wing feathers of-tho Mio. Feathers used by the Maoris for decorating the head on great occasions were called Kura'; and feather decorations of war canoes I'Eaukura.—T.S.G.)- (Okara-mio; —probably\ 0-kara-maeo. meaning -the pkee pervaded with pleasant odour. There is in the' district a placo called 0 kara, which. Moons", explain as meaning tho placo of pleasant odour, as of new-mown hay, ivhich is due to the herb karetu, a fragrant grass growing'there. Mio may be Maeo, to saturate orlill,as scent would do, a room. Of course, • 0-kura-mio would bo more Tiatural and correct explanation, if the name can be so identified.—G.G.) Two tributaries from the west-rare .'YVai-kai-ini (water with. a quantity qf mud), and Makahi (a wedge), accent on the-first syllable.

A large kaika/at. ilip mouth of the Kaituna Valley was : Oraki-awhea (the heavens embraced). vThe next sound, which stretches is Mahaki-paca, sometimes miffipelt Mahakipawa ■'. and - Mohakipaua. (Mahaki-paoa. may :be translated " tame teal," meaning the place whero the teal ducks were not shy. .•/Mohakipaua is scarcely tenable, the, paua habitat -'being' on the ocean shore only. Paoa (teal) is a very frequent-, word in composition, in Maori nomenclature; "thus: - Opawa—i.e., " Opaoa, .the; place ol■ the'teal; and' Wai-pawa—i.e., Wai-papa,' water, of the teal.—T.S.G.) (The formerly cremated their dead to prevent the bones of their people being carried \ away• and , converted' into fishhooks by their enemies?-' The body was placed on a pilo-of wood,: fat and oil-being added to increcee tie heat. After the fire had been lighted, if the emoko-. began, to scatter, it was regarded as an ill omen, or that death would soon claim another victim. If, on the contrary, tho smoke ascended it "was a good omen, the • friends ■ standing round called out, "Mahaki-paoa, Mahaki-paoa," the English meaning being: The smoke rises calmly, or in a steady column.—J.P.S., 1894, p. 228.) Gold Was found in the valley of the Wai-haki-pawa on May 25, 1888, in Cullen's Creek, which discharges' into Mahakipaoa Sound. The; ; northern headland of Mahaki-paoa Ann is, Okahoka, probably- Hokohoka (projecting .sharply upwards). A bay about two miles and a-half north-east of Hoka'hoka. is Moutapu'(sacred, for you). A pa on the shore was Moe-tapii ■ (sacred deep), so prob-ably-the bay should.bo 6pelt the saine way.' "At Moetapu, on. tho Elephant Rock, a low knoll standing out in tho eea, there , are four pits, in one of which the remains of ■wood work was diseeraable in 1894. The pit bad been lined with, the trunks of fern trees set up perpendicularly."—(J.P.B., 1894, p. 222.) "Evidently a pit-dweller's house.

Tho next inlet is Mahau Sound (shady). A bay near the south end of Mahau Sound is Ohinga-roa. (The place where it teok a long timo to kindle a fire.—G.G.) The north -eastern portion of the 6ound is O-hino taha (tho -residence of Hine-taba—Hino talia means " the girl's side.") (O-hine-taha, "the place of Hino-taha," is a literal translation, and may be the correct one. I have noticed, however,-that the word Hine is often, and poetically, used to express gentleness. and beauty; henco 0-hine-wai, a Native of that locality explained as "the beautiful andgentJo water"—a very appropriate name for -what is really a pretty: spot. Tho name O-hine-taha may therefore, mean " the- beautiful and gentio slope on the water Eidc," being perhaps an especially pretty-place to the Maori eye.— G.G.) The north-west head of Mahau Sound is Puta-nui ■ (big. hole) Point.

Tbo entrance to Sound was Torea-mounu (tho 'moulting oyster-catcher bird). (The meaning of.Kene-uuru. is-.losr, obsolete. Probably: an old- name brought from HawaikL—-S.P.S.)' (Kcnepuru should be perhaps To Kani-puru, "the cutting of stones by rubbing: continuously■ in a fixed groove," probably the sito of an old stone instrument-making'place, which aro found in varique localities. ■: It would seem a hope-lessly-forgotten name, of which seem to bo many in tho Middle Island. —G.G.) Kenopuru SoKsd extends 12 miles in an east by north direction. ••'■ Some Maoris say that tfic original name- was Ke-puru, which I have neaxd.traßslated "a plug in a different place," but I doubt its correctness. Archdoacoi Grace sajs: "If the North Island Maori orthography is' adopted for Kcnepuru it would be spelt Ngenepuru, meaning Ngene, 'neck scrofula,'; puru, 'plugged.' jferofuia in the neck was a common disease •*ith the Maori, and the swelling frequently fcroke, making a holo in the neck, for which maybo some unsophisticated Maori doctor would advisD a plug of green leaves cr Muka—i.e., flax fibro."

Sqhnappcr Point-was Totalawiti; Broughton Bay, To 'Wliarau (the hut rnado of branches; or, a temporary shelter made by iravcUißS parties, often a mere breakwind). East of it is To MaWa Bay. The north-west point of Take-in Bay is Kai-aJio eater. SsliLis' lino. T.S.G.). Tlio point

west of it on the northern shore of the sound is 0-tupa (the place of tlio Tupa shellfish). Tho bay at tho north-eastern end of Kene : puru Sound is Wai-taria (tho carried water, or tlie water waited for).

Mr C. W. Adams reported that "in 1862 a channel was cut from Take-in Bay through- the narrow neck Kai-alib, whiuli had the effect of saving three-quarters of a mile of land carriage) to settlers in tho upper half of Konepuru Sound." Mr C. W.

Adams ivriteU that the origin of the name was ns follows:—'"Somo Maoris were fishing off this point one day and they caught k fkh named Hoka, commonly known amoirg Europeans as the red cod. .When they out tho fish open they found a hook and a great length of lino in the fish's stomach; therefore tho name of that place is known as Kai-ako to this day." At Taradalo, in Kenepuru Sound, was found a tomb built of stones, containing a much decayed' human skeleton, in a- squatting position (J. P. S.). A narrow isthmus between. Kenepuru and Queen Charlotte's Sound is Torea. Neck (oyster-catcher bird). A largo bay on the north shore of Keiiepuru Sound is Te Matau-a-Maui (the fishhook of Maui). Tho north-west headland of Kenepura Sound is Kou tawai (good beech tree). A point and a brook north of it is Kahu wiwi (the garment of rushes). Tho next inlet, coing noithward, is Nikau Bay (the New Zealand pahn tree), which formerly was Tuanangananga, (Tua-nan-ganaga should bo Tua-nganga-nganga. It is the northern pronunciation of Tua■fcvngakanga, meaning " the "frequent felling of trees" or the continuous felling of trees. Tmi-nganangana is a kind of lizard. G. G.) Four-fathom Bay was Tamure-kawawo (or Kawawa), meaning tho plattering Bound made by the snapper (mata) as when just caught. Yncyca Bay was Piraungaehc, tho north-west head of which was Tawawa (the place where some one went astray). (Pirauirgache is a smell so powerful as to causo a faintness or shortness of breath. Tawawa, probably Tai-wawa. "gently murmuring sea" or distant sound of ocean anoan. G. G.). South-east Bay was Poko-kini (an ant's bite). A little north of which was Okahupakoko Bay tho place of tho' dried up hawk).

Mary's Bay was Nga neko (tho rollers on which a canoe is dragged). (Nga-ncke means " The shiftings," or continuous changings, perhaps from the ever-changing sand drifts. Ono visiting the place could decide if this name is correctly appropriate. On the Kaipara coast is a place so called, because with some winds there are accumulated large eaird dunes, which disappear with a change of wind, and the tide covers their site, hence the continuous encroachings—i.e., of sea versus land. G. G.) A great number of moa bones were found in Poko kini Bay. Homewood Bay was Te Rawa tho place of choking, probably from a fish bone. T.S.G.). The prominent headland east of Homewood Bay was 0 puni-a-Puro (Mr Pure's camp), sometimes named (tho place painted at interval). :• East-of this point is the third arm of Pclorus Sound, running southward, named' Crail Bay, the Maori name being Karepo, a variety of sea grass. Tho southernmost portion is Wet Inlet, which was Patamga-ta (the- boundary mark, or Pa-tungata " a man's pa," or Tangata's pa). A bay at tho north-east-of Crail.'Bay is Ho pa'i (good shout), though probably it should bo "fiopi (an'oven)." Clova Bay was Mania-foa (long plain) or Manea-roa, which may mean " tho Presort of a long water monster." (Manearoa, a pool known to, or occupied by, tho 1 cuttlefish, on the sea coast is in the Auckland district called Manea-Wheke, " a hole or door of the cuttlefish." Mairea-roa is " a long pool where such a creature is found. G.G.) The northern headland of this bay is Taiuhinu Point, tho name of the shrub Cassina leptophilla. North of it is Te Puiaka Point (to tie up tho fruit of the kiekie with long fibrous roots), which is tho southeastern head of Beatrix Bay. Beatrix Bay was Pata-rata (water drops from a rata tree). (Pa-tarata, "the obstruction of tarata," a tree, Pittcsporum engenioides. This is a. name of < which I have received the following .• explanation:—This is a name from an ancient war custom. When it was ascertained that -an approaching or pursuing, war party would come by a certain ■:. path/ the tohunga of the awaiting.or retreating party would take a branch of certain' trees, or shrubs, or even a garment or bunch of vegetation, and pronounce over* it. certain ceremonies, and prayers.. Then," taking the object so prepared ae a medium, ho would leave it in, the path of the coming party. If a branch of a tree, he would stick it up in tho path. Hence tho names Pa-tarata, Pa-rangiora. Such a ceremony was used by the Wanganui Maoris over a branch of toetoa grass, which was tied to a polo stuck up in the river 'bed. In tho Urewera Country is a place-name, Pa-pu-weru—i.e., the puweru. " a shaggy mat made of partially-dressed flax," obstruction. To lightly disregard such an obstruction without performing counter-spells, or karakia, ■would invite defeat. G.G.). Mount Stokes, '3951 ft high, east of Clova Bay, was Poro>rangi (the end of the sky—i.e., horizon). A piece of grass land cast of Tauhinii Point is Wai-maru (sheltered water). '

Most of the rock formation between tho Pelorus and Queen Charlotte Sounds is mica schist. Piri-paua (the sticking sea-car shell.fisli —Haliotis) Neck connects Kenny's Isle (called isle though it is a,peninsula) to the main laird, between Beatrix and Foreytli Bays. It is a razor-backed ridge 80ft high and 145 ft wide from high water mark. Boats have been hauled over this isthmus on several occasions, as the difference between going across the neck and going round Kenny's Isle, is no less than , 17 miles. The track from Manaroa. to Ketu (to root up) Bay, passes along Piri-paua Neck, whore a cutting 40ft deep has beon made. With regard to Beatrix Bay, Brett's New Zealand Pilot has the .following: "Two-miles eastward of Kauauroa Bay is Whakamawahi, an extensive arm with tJirco branches —the Hikuraki, separated from- the head of of an outer bight by a. narrow neck, •only '100 ft across and about the same height; tho middle one Mamiaro; and the third Karepo, which runs south five miles.!' Tho maps give the name of tho highest hill on Kenny's Isle as Kauauroa, 1853 ft high. This name most probably should be Kawau-roa (a long; black shag , bird). It is also the name of the bay soittih-east of tho hill. (Kawau-roa "long shag" seems right, thought it might bo Kauae-road, "long ohin or jaw" -referring to the length, of lwomontory. T.S.G.) The ]>oint between Kawauroad and Beatrix Bay is Whakomawahi (to mai;o a white split) -which has also the name of Kokowai (red ochre).

• Mr C. W. Adams reported in 1898 that "the most important track in the pounds is the Ma.hakipa.wa to Titirangi track, about 60 miles in length. (Titirangi is the name of the koromiko scrub, Veronica spociosa.) It begins at tho main road through the Linkwater Dale, conneetinsr tho southern portion of Queen Charlotte's Sound with the Mahakipawa arm of the Polorus Sound but nearer the latter. It crosses a high saddle, and follows the south side of Mahau Sound, and Kcnepuru Sound to its head, and back alone its northern shore to Wai taria Bay; thence over tho Manaroa Saddle, about 980 ft above sea level, and then down to Manaroa Post Office. It then runs along the cast shore of Clova Bay and Beatrix Bay, to a low saddty?, over which it passes, and on to To Puru, tho head of Gkoha, or Anakoa Bay, and north-eastward to Titirangi Bay (Ncave's) tho terminus. A track was also made from Manaroa to Elie Bay (Grail' Bay) past Hopai. Bridlo roade wore constructed connecting the following tw<ys_ on tho Island of Arapawa, Onopopiti, To Awaiti, Whekenui, and Okukari, joining at tho saddle the track from Otenarua." (Onopopiti perhaps should l>3 Onepu-piti, meaning sea sands kept shifting in hillocks or continually furrowed by ceaseless \yinds. Okukari means "the place of young birds,' evidently at one time, if not still, a breeding place for sea birds. Otonarua cr 0-fonga-rua, meaning " the place become- very wavy." Tho billowy place, where the waves are exceptionally broken.—G.G.) Anakoa should be spelt Ana-koha, and Okoa Okoha. or Okohau (meaning " the gathering, or heaping up of the winds.") It certainly often blows hard in that reticular bay and valley. Wokonui ahoiiUl be written Whckc-nui big octopii6.—T.S.G.l

Mr Buick in "Old) Morlborough " states that " at Ferndale, an the opposite side of KenepiiTu, are the sepulchral mounds from which it was first ascertained that the ancient inhabitants of the country practised cremation. There also arc pit dwellings of eomo early race. These pit dwellings are found in many parts of Marlborough, and on Arapawa and D'Urville's Isla'nd, and aro attributed to tho Morion race, who, it is believed, occupied the Marlborough province before they were driven out by the Maoris." Mr Joshua Rutland wrote: "The mounds or graves contained ashee and charcoal 6in or Bin deep, all materials having been perfectly consumed. The ashes had been carefully covered o\er with oa,rtli and clay itaken from a I'olo adjoining (J.P.5.1, 189*, p. 226). "The pits, always rectangular in form and with perpendicular sides, are of two sorts, single and double. The singlepit being merely un excavation varying greatly in size, the largest measuring lFift by 10ft, the smallest oiilv sft squaiv. The general depth is about 4ft, though some are much deeper. Tho double pit consisKs* of two single pits piacod end to end, in a straight line, and sqmrafrd by a wall or solid block of ground 2ft to 4ft wido ! (J.P.S., 1894, p. 221.) The bay to the west of Kauhau-roa is (a big trap). The headland west of it is Tapapa Point (flat or low-

lying). Richmond Bay was Pohue-nui (a large clematis). (Pohuo with its variants,— popohuo and pohuohuo—is in tho Auckland district applied to the oommon convolvulus (Sepiiim) or >)ind weed. Clematis is there called Piki-aroro, "climbing about above."—G.G.) Brett's New Zealand Pilot eays Richmond. Bay was Ko-paua. Ketu (to begin to ebb) Bay is at the north-west of Kenny's Isle. It is wrong to spell it Keetu. (Ketu probably only part of tho original name. As it stands I would translate it "the passed by."—G.G.) East Entry Point is Kaitira (oat the fin of a fish). Foreyth Bay is Hiku-rangi (tins edge of (he sky—i.e., horizon). A lons point on the cast of Forsyth Bay is To An a-tukarciro (Tukarere's currant or tide rip. T.S.G.) Forsyth Island is To Panipaiu (the mud), three miles Jong. Leaving the Pclorus and ffoiiiß eastward, wo enter Guaaxl's Bay, named after a very early whaler. The Maori name usually assigned to it is Kaka-piu (parrot consumed), ..but Archdeacon Grace- thinks it is a mis-spelling of Kakapo, tho green night parrot. It has two arms—Ana-koha Bay, on tho south-west, runs about four miles inland. Although Uie usual interpretation of Ana is "a. cave," in the ancient Ngati Kuia dialect it was generally used for "a bay," therefore Ana-koha -will mean "Parting Instructions Bay," or "Generosity Bay." In some maps it is mis-spelt Anakoa. (Anakoa may be interpreted "the shelter afforded in distress." Ana used in reference to coastal inlets may bo rendered cove, a cavity, an inlet on a coast, a fiord, a cavern, a cave, or a placo surrounded by hills, as a blind valley. Koha means sympathy, or consideration afforded to a person in a dilemma, or trouble, as Whakaputa to Koha ki au, " show forth your sympathy to me," an appeal often heard in speeches.—G.G.) A small bay on the east of Anakoha Bav is To Puru (the plug). 0-koha means "the place of parting instructions," or of generosity." Tho north-east head of Anakoha Bay is Tawaroa (taJl tawa tree). A mountain' east/of Anakoha Bay, 2788 ft high, is Tahua-kai (a heap of food), and one southwest, 3258 ft' altitude, is Kiwi, the Apteryx bird.

Tho other arm of Guard's Bay is Titiraiigi (heaven piercer, or the shrub Veronica speciosa). Titi-rangi is also the name of the eastern head, cast of which is Hi kockoea Bay, meaning " to catch the longtailed cuckoo with a hook and line." (This ie doubtful meaning; Hikoekoca is tho name itself of the cuckoo.—T.S.G.) Alligator Head was Te Pouataikino (if this spelling is correct it would mean Taikino's post, referring probably to somo rock, or bold headland, at which place a very strong or evil tide—tai—runs. But I think tho ramp should bo Te Paua-taikino. "Taikino's mutton fish shell."—T S GU North-wost of Alligator Head is a small island which is. generally known as Motr.Ngara (Reptile Isjand), but it also has the name of Titi (mutton bird). The bay on the east of Alligator Head is W;ai-tui (parson bird water). It is three miles wiilo at the entrance and twij miles long. Cape Lambert was To Ukn (tho whito clay). Port Gore was Ana-mahanga (Snare Bay). A small stream running into Melville cove is Te Nui, meaning "the ■big:," as it is'the largest river in that cove. . Tunnel • Bay was Kalca-hau (the famous parrot). Pool Head in Gore Bay was Ra-whcro (red sun). Thero are two Nativo reserves south of Gore Bay, named O-taki, Mr Taki's place, and Ana-mahanga (Snare Bay), south of the latter is Mount Furneaux, 270fJft. high, named in memory of tho celebrated navigator, who was in command of tho ship Adventure on Cook's second voyage. The Maori name of it was Puhi-kereru (a wood pigeon's tuft of feathers). Referred to in the legend of Kupo discovering New Zealand as a place where wood pigeons abounded.

Capo Jackson was named by Captain Cook on 25th January, 1770, after one of the secretaries of the Admiralty Board, . when he erectod a staff surrounded by a cairn of stones on the cape, and left a pieco of an old pennant flag flying, the first British flas'unfurlcd on the Middle Island. Its Maori name was Tea-nui a-Kup?, Mr Kupe'sibijr spear, (Tao-nui a-Kupe, Jackson's Head, was so called baoauso Ifupo cast Jiis spear from tho North Island across Cook Strait (Raukawa) towards this point, but it was carried away by tho current of the strait He throw his epear with the object of joining tho two islands together. But how this was to be effected is not. known. (J.P.S., vol. 16,' p. 156.) At its northern extremity Cape Jackion is 280 ft high, rising to 740 ft at tho elbow near Wai-hi (hissing water.) Point. Rev. J. W. Stack on •his map murks Capo Jackson, or eome place close to it, Tau-nui-a-kura (T.N.Z.I). Tβ Kuponga-a-Kupe (Kups's fishing net) is a place near Jackson's Head. South of Cape Jackson is • Wai-hi (hissing water) Point. South of Keinpe Point is Ana-koka-ta (tho bay where a kaka. was speared). About threo. miles eouth-west of Kcmpo Point is Mount Tau-whaka (to lie in wait), 2256 ft above sea level. In late maps it has tho name O-tera-whanga (there is the place to lie in wait). (I think O-tea-whanga sliould be spelt O-tifa whanga, the place w.here ftey waited for the company of travellers.-T.S.G.) ' ' All the hills and ridges dividinc- thes-3 sounds and inlets wore formerly covered with dense forests from base to summit, many of thi> lovely evergreen trees dipping their waving boughs in tho ever-restless brine—Rimu, Kahikatca, Matai, Totara, Miro, and Tawa, with Pukatca and Kohekoho along tho shores, and Tawai, the native beech, miscalled bircfh, on the hill tops, with numerous under-growing Jirtibs and beautiful ferns. Tho principal second growth which sprung up spontaneously in deserted Maori clearings and cultivations (mara, of waerenga) was Kohokohe (Dysoxylum speetabilej, Ic-cally called cedar. (To,bo continuod).