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ESPERANTO.

WIO.U THE FIRST BOOK 01'' Til]. LANGUAGE ESl'iiliA.NTU

By Dr Zaiieniiof. Inc. question of an international language occupied me for a long while; but iceling myself .neither more talented nor more energetic than the authors oi all attempts (which had) perished fruitlessly, 1 tor a long time limited myself only i.i dreaming and itllu meditation over thrluittcr.

The inofct important problems which u was necessary to solve were tho follow-

(1) I hat • the language may be extraordinarily easy, so that one may study it a.s child's play.

(2) That everyone who studies (his language may be able to use it immediately lor communieaiion with men of diverse rations no matter (lit. rjuite equally) whether this language will be accepleil by (ho world and will liml many adepts or not—i.e.-, tliat the language—right from tile .commencement itself and thanks to its own particular construction—may bo able to serve as an eU'ectiie means for international communication. , Tim first problem I solved in the following manner:--

,fa) Tile grammar 1 siniplilied to a scarcely credible degree, and in addition to that (I formed it) in tho spirit of the existing living languages, so that on the one hand it could easily be memorised (lit. enter (ho memory), and on the other hand not in the least by this(simplilication) detracting from the clearness, precision, and flexibility ol (he tongue. Ono can learn the whole grammar of my language thoroughly and well in the course 'of one hour. The huge simplification which the tongue receives ( froni such a grammar is clctir lo everyone. ] (b) 1 created'rules for word-makiug, and by this i introduced an immense economy rotating (o tho numlier of v.onls fb he loarnt, not alone not detracting, on account of this/from tho richness of the language, but, on the contrary, making (lie lantjuage—thanks to tho power to create iro.'/i on,:' word many others and to express all possible shades of thought-richer than the richest natural languages. I achieved this by the introduction of different prefixes and suffixes by whoso help everyone can form ono word from other different words without having to leant them (lit. not needing to learn them). For convenience, to those prefixes and su(lixe3 is given the meaning of independent, words, and as such they have been placcd in the dieilonnry. 'For example: The prefix "mal" (pron. "maal") signifies the direct opposite of tho idea; it follows, knowing the word '• bona" (good), wo can now form tho word "malbona" (bad) ourselves, and the existence'of a separate word for the idea "malboiia" is now superfluous; "alta." (high), "malalta" (low); "estimi" (to esteem), malestimi" (to despise), etc. It follows, having learnt ono word '"mal," we aro excused from tho study of a huge scries of words, as for example, '•hard" (knowing- tho word for "soft"), li cold," "old," "dirty," ''far," "poor," "darkness," "dishonour,", "below, "to hate," "to curse," etc., cto. (A full listof the prefixes and suflixos—about 30 in all— with their meanings will bo given in a . futuro article.)

Besides that, I gavo a common rule that all words which have already bccomo international (Iho j;o-namrd "foreign words") remain in tho international language unchanged. accepting; only the international orthography; in this manner an immense number of words becatno su]>erfluous for htudying; for example: locomotive, telegraph, nerve, temperature, cenlre, form, public (n)., botany, figure (shape), oomcdy, io declaim, advocate, doctor, theatre, etc., etc.

Thanks to tbo rules shown above, and also to certain sides of tbo language about which I find it superfluous to speak here in detail, tho tongue bcoomes extraordinarily jeafiy. and tho wholo labour of its .study consists only in t.he lcajning of a very small number, of words from which, according to definito rules, without special capabilities and racking of the brain (lit. head), ono can form all words, expressions, and phrases which are necessary. Finally, oven this small number of words, as one will see later, arc so chosen that their study, for a man in tho least degree well read, is ail extraordinarily ea.sy matter. The learning of this language, sonorous,rich.- and comprehensible to all (see causes later), requires, therefore, not ti whole series of years ;i9 with tho other languages —for its study A few days suffice.

'fiic solution of problem two will appear n,!'\'t week.

el la cxua liuuo di: la Lingvo KSi'KltAXm Ue Uno. Zahkniiop. La demando pri lingvo intcmucia okupadis ruin jam longe; scd sentanto min iwk pli talenta, lie!; pli cnergia, ol la autoroj do chiuj ueiiiruklo pereintaj provoj, mi longan tenipon limigadis miu nur pur ivvado kaj ncvola lucdilado super tiu clii

La plej chefaj prohlemoj, 'kiujn cstip necess soivi, cslii lit tckvantaj: —

1. Kc lit tinyvll c-1 u cksterordinare facila, liel lto oni i-ovu ellenii glim ludante.

2. lie chin, kiu ellernis iiun clu lingvon, tuj glim tizi pur la koinprenighado kun homoj de diversaj nacioj, tuto egale chit tiu ,'lji lingvo <stos akeeptita de la mondo kaj troww niullo da adeptoj au ne,—t.e. I:o la lingvo jam de la homenco mum kaj dank' al Sia propra konstruo povu »ervi kiel efekviva. rimedo for intcrnuciaj koi'iitinikighoj.

La unitaii problemon mi solvis. on la •ekvanla maniero: —

(a) .Mi hiinpiigis ghis nekrcdebleco la gramatikon, kuj al tio do unit flanko en la spirito do la ekzistautaj vivaj liiigvoj, por ke glii povu facile eniri en Ju niemoron, kaj do la dim flanko—neniom deprenauto per tio chi de la lingvo la klaroCDii, preci/.econ kaj flekseblecon. La tutan gramatikon do mia, lingvo oni pov«3 bemege ellerni en la. datiro de unit horo, La grandega faciligo, kiuu la lingvo ricevas do tia gramatiko, cstas klara por chiu. t

(b) Mi kreis rcgulojn por vorlofarado kaj per tio chi mi enportis grnndegan ckonotnion rilato ia nombron do la vortoj cllernotaj, ne sole ne deprenante per tio chi <!e la lingvo gliiitn richecon, scd kontvuuc, fiirimte la lingvon—dank' al la eblo krei el linn vorto liiulta-in aliajn knj ospiimi ehiiijn muimoj de la pejiso—pli riobti ol la plej richij nalurai. lingvoj. Tion chi mi iitiugis per la enkonduko de diversaj profile s oj kaj snliksoj, per kies hclpo chiu povos el unu vorto formi diversajn alian vortojn, ne bezonanto ilin lerni. (Pro oportuneco al tiuj chi prcfiksoj kaj sufiksoj estas jlonita la signifo de memstaraj vortoj, kaj kiel tiaj ili eslas lokituj en la vortaro.) Ekzeinplc;

La prclikso " unil" signifas rclitun Icontrauajjion do la ideo; sekve, scinnto la vorton "bona," ni jam mem pova? formi la vorton "malbona," kaj la ekzistado do apaita I'orto por la ideo "malbona" e.sbia jam siipcrflua; tilla—malalti; estimi— mulestimi k. I, p. Sekve, ellerninto mm vorton '• nwl," ni jam eslas libori.gilaj do la lernado do grandega. ecrio da. vortoj, 'kiel elaemple_ "malnwla" (seianto "mob"), nialvnrmti, malnova, inalimra, Kiaiproksinia, malricha, mallumo, malhonoro, malsupre, malatni, malboni k. t. p. (kaj tiel p'lu). (Plena tibelo do la prcfiksoj kaj aiiiilifioj— chirkau , Iridck entitle—kun iliaj signifoj, estos donata en cstonta arlikolo.)

Krom tio mi donis komunan regulon, ko chiuj vortoj kiuj jam farighis inlernaciaj (Ia tiel nomataj ' ftemdaj vortoj"), rcalas en la. Lingvo internaeia lieshanjjhataj, akcoptante nur la. internacian orlogration; ti'amaniero grandega nombro da vorloj farighas supcrfluaj nbr la tcroado; ekzemple: lokomotivo, tolegrafo, uervo, tempqraturo, contro, formo, publiko, botaniko, figuro, komedio, dcklami, advokato, doktoro, teatro k. t. p., k. t. p.''

Dank' al la supro montritaj reguloj kaj ankorau al kelkaj flankoj do la lingvo, pri kiuj mi trovM superfine tie chi dctalo paroli, Ja lingvo farighas eksterordinaro fscila, kaj la tuta. lahoro de gliia. ellernado konsist -as nur en la ellernado do tre lmilgranda nombro da vortoj, el kiuj lau difinitaj regidoj, sen aparlaj kapabloj kaj strcchado do. la kapo, oni povas formi chiujn vortojn, esprimojn kaj frazoju, kiuj cstas ncoesaj. Ojtoro edi tiu ehi malgranda nombro <la vortoj, kiel oni vides pcate, csbi! iiel eloktita, ke ilia ellernado por homo iometo klem cstas alero eketorordinaxe fauila. I.a ellernado de tiu chi lingvo sonora, richa kaj por chiui komprcnebla (la kauzoju vidn malsupre) postuhis sckvo no tutan .-erion da : juroj, kiol cl-.o nliaj lingvoj.—por gliia ellernado suiiehas kclke datugoj.

Li solvo de la prohlemo dua aperos la p!ej prek=:man somaiiwui.

Permanent link to this item

https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT19070504.2.95

Bibliographic details

Otago Daily Times, Issue 13894, 4 May 1907, Page 13

Word Count
1,348

ESPERANTO. Otago Daily Times, Issue 13894, 4 May 1907, Page 13

ESPERANTO. Otago Daily Times, Issue 13894, 4 May 1907, Page 13

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