POPULATION AND MILITARY FORCE OF THE DIFFERENT POWERS IN 1841.

New Zealand Herald and Auckland Gazette, Volume I, Issue 63, 26 March 1842, Page 3

POPULATION AND MILITARY FORCE OF THE DIFFERENT POWERS IN 1841.

The following interesting statistical return, made by Chevalier Caesar Moreau, from official documents, was read at the Royal Statistical Society of Paris, at their meeting of the 2nd January, showing the population and military force of the different powers in 1841 : Germany—The German Confederation was established at the peace of 1815, with the consent of France, England, and the Holy Alliance. **lt is composed of the empire of Austria, the kingdoms of Prussia, Bavaria, Bohemia, Hungary, Hanover and Wurtemburgh of the Grand Duchees of Saxony, Baden, electorate of Hesse, and other principalities ; the republics of Lubeck, Frankfort, Bremen and Hamburgh. This be considered the grand military confederation of the north of Europe, which extends its power over the Lombardo-Venetian States, and the whole of Italy under the yoke of Austria. It is the alliance of these states which is the great check to the ambitious views and despotism of Russia. The empire of Austria may be considered the most important. It is composed of 13 states, vis.-r-the archduchy of Austria, Siyria, lUyria, Tyrol, Bohemia. Moravia, and Silesia and Gallicia, Hungary, Groatia,Sclavonia, Transylvania, Dalmatia, and Lombardo-Venetian. It comprises 900. towns, 2137 bur<rhs, and 77,596 villages. Its population is 32,50Q,0000f inhabitants; army, 280,500 ; and a well constructed navy. Its eliminate is temperate, and produces grain, fruit and •Ae in abundance. Bavaria.—Population,4,soo,ooo inhabitants; army, 35,800 men. Denmakk.—Population, 2,000,000 inhabitants army, 40,000 men : a large commercial navy. Belgium.—Population, 3,600,000 inhabitants; army, 47,000 men ; no navy ; country fertile in * grain. ~< : Holland.—Population, 2,6oo,oooinhabitants: i army. 26,000 men ; a large commercial navy; ni fertile. "►Norway,—Population, 1,080,000 inhabitants; army, 12,000 men < several excellent ships of* war; Sweden —Population, 3,836,000 inhabitants; armv, 45,500 men ; several excellent ships of war.Saxony.—Population, 1,5QQ,000 inhabitants; army, 15,000 men; country fertile. Switzerland. —Population, 1.990,000 inhabitants ; army, 35,000'men ; country fertile. Wurtemburgh.—Population, 1,580,000 inhabitants ; army, 14,000 men. The kingdom of Prussia is the second military power included in the Germanic Confederation, and keeps the equilibrium between Austria and Russia.—Population, 12,500.000 inhabitants; army, 200,000 men ; a large commercial navy ; fertile. ;ssia.—This great military empire situated in Europe and Asia, comprises, the ninth part he terrestial globe, and the 28th part of the whole globe. Its military colonies on the banks of the Llemen,Dniepe, Boy, Borys, Ingoul, Novomigorod, and the South (which she by pillage and murder) alone amount to upwards of 100,000 men, on a similar plan to the military colonies of Austria. This description of military ftgricultural force is annually increasing, and threatens sooner or later to invade Cireassia and Turkey, which will eventually form a province of this ever growing empire, should not the determination and wisdom of the British Cabinet, united with that of France, put a stop to the ambition of the Autocrat. Although so extensive, Russia is far from being so populated in comparison with France, England and other parts of Europe, where liberty and industry are joined together for the benefit of mankind. Its fettered peaantry and hordes are scattered in small towns or desert villages. Its army and savage bands of Cossacks, Calmucks, Baskirs, oi irregular cavalry, are diseminated all over the empire from north to south each forming a sort of military autocracy themselves, or an independent force of nobles and slaves, over which the Czar himself has alone the power of life and death, but notwithstanding he is entirely under their will or influence. This numerical strength, incase of a sudden war, could not be concentrated in any particular point but with he greatest difficulty, as the strongest antipathies exist between these barbarous hordes, and those of an opposite part of the empire, differing in language and religion. In Austria, Prussia and the other powers forming the Germanic Confede- . ration, the law of conscription, similar to that of rIL France (excepting nobles) is adopted for the reI cruiting of the army ; but in Russia every peanr serf is considered the property of the no,id can be called upon to serve as a soldier, whenever the Emperormay thinkproper to demand him. This despotic power is to often abused by ' the generals in chief, who show more partiality to-js>»-wards one province or government than another, from whence arises the state of hatred and revolt

which exists among many of the corps, and that is only kept down by the knout or violent flogging, and other severe corporeal punishments, at the mercy of their officers, all of whom are nobles. Population 56,800,000 inhabitants ; army, 800,000 men (regular troops); large navy. Parts of the country fertile in grain, wood tar, rosin, hemp, &c. France, next to Russia, may be considered the strongest military power on the Continent of Europe, its army well organised, as well as its National Guards, Since the glorious revolution of 1830 many great improvements have taken place in its composition, and the conquest of Algiers and Constantine has again raised that military spirit of glory which distinguished her arms under Napoleon-le-Grand, whose mortal remains now repose within the sanctuary of the Invalides. A.syet France has not established military colonies similar to her allies of Russia and Austria, as a reward to her brave veterans; but the subject is * under the special consideration of his Majesty Louis Philippe, and his Excellency Marshal Soult, the Minister of War, according to the plan proposed by Marshal Valee, who has made Northern America, once the retreat of pirates and savage Arabs, become civilised by France and her deserving warriors. The army in France is raised by the law of conscription, which obliges each canton to furnish annually the contingent of young men of the age of one-and-twenty, required by the government, which number is ballotted for by the rich proprietor's son, as well as that of the humble peasant, and once exempted, they are not called upon to draw again. The length of service is for seven years, at the expiration of which they can either continue in the army or demand their discharge to return home to the bosoms of their family. The officers rise gradually from the ranks according to their bravery and merit, or are named by the King from the Ecole Polytechnique of Paris, and the Military School of Saumer. No commissions are purchased, and all corporeal punishment is prohibited by the military code. Population, 34,150,000 inhabitants; army, 480,000 men, exclusive of National Guards; 380 ships of war, 45,000 sailors or marines. France is divided into 86 departments, 363 arrondisements, 2,834 cantons, 37,234 communes. One of the richest and most fortil countries in Europe, producing grain, -fruit, cattle, &c in abundance. " Great Britain.- Although it may be classed amongst the military nations of the north, it must ae considered more a maritime poweS thanja military one, and one of the most commercial, fertile, and industrious nations in the world ; through j its particular geographical position as an island, which give it the command of the seas. Its possessions in the different parts of the globe present a population of 143,185,000 inhabitants, and an of 805,500 men, including the troops belonging to the East India Company and other colonies. The British army, as well as the navy, is raised by voluntary enlistment. The commissions in the army are purchased by the elite of the aristocracy, few men ever rising from the ranks; however brave. In the navy royal marines, and artillery, the officers rise from the rank of midshipmen (aspirant de vaisseru) and cadets. Po« pu1ati0n,23,400,000 inhabitants; standing army, 125,000 men; navy, 20,000 men,; marines 10,000 ; ships of war, 545 of various rates. Spain.—Population, 13,000,000 inhabitants, army, 80,000 men ; navy none ; very fertile. Portugal,—Population, 3,850,000 inhabitants; army 30,000 men; navy small: very fertile. Roman States.—Population, 2,500,000 inhaBitants; army, 10,000 men ; navy small; very fertile. Sardinia.—Population, 4,400,000; army, 48,000 men ; navy small; very fertile. Sicily.—Population, 7,430,000 inhabitants; army, 55,000 men; navy small ; very fertile. Greece.—Population, 750,'0Q0 inhabitants; army, 6,500 men ; rich in fruit, silks, &c. Turkey.—Population, 20,000,000; army, 100,000 men ; rich in fruits, silks, &c. Persia. —Population, 9,500,000 inhabitants ; army, 95,000 men ; rich in fruit, silks, &c. Morrocco. —Population, 6,100,000 inhabitants ; army, 25,000 men. South America.—Population, 39,000,000 inhabitants, viz. ~14,600,000 whites, 10,000,000 Indians, 7,400,000 black, and 7,000,000 other castes. United States.—Population, 11,900,000 army, 7,000 men,; a large commercial navy. Brazils.—Population, 5,000,000 inhabitants; army, 30,000; fertile in grain, fruit, gold and precious stones. Mexico.—Population, 7,500,000 inhabitants; army, 25,000 men; fertile in grain, fruit, gold and precious stones. Paraguay,—Population, 250,000 inhabitants; army, 5000 men ; fertile in grain, fruit, gold, and precious stones. Peru.—Population, 1,700,000 inhabitants ; army, 10,000 men.

Haitl—Population, 880,000 inhabitauts ; army, 45,000 men. India.—Population, 139,000,000 inhabitants; army, 230,000 men. China.—Population, 175,000,000 inhabitants; army, 920,000 men. Japan.—Population, 25,000,000 inhabitants; army, 120,000 men. Siam.—Population, 3,600,000 inhabitants army, 30,000 men. Oceania in the maritime world, consisting of New Zealand, and all the other islands, forming the fifth part of the globe, population, 20,500,000" inhabitants.