EXTRACTS.

New Zealand Herald and Auckland Gazette, Volume I, Issue 24, 10 November 1841, Page 3

EXTRACTS.

Restoration of the Jews to Palestine.7-| The only means we now have of restoring the balance of power in the Levant, and checking further progress of Russia southward, is to establish some nation in our interest in Syria, capable, v/ith our assistance, of overawing, and if necessary repelling her advances on the Mediterranean. "Turkish power is extinct—Egypt has returned to /Its original insignificance—Armenia has no nationality, and is immersed in ignorance. The mountain tribes of Koordistan, would, if properly jnanaged,form, like Circassia, a stationary check 4o her encroachments; but where shall we find a people sufficiently enlightened to act under good .counsels, united by every tie of religion and nationality, and of phvsical power and intellect .capable of high cultivation ? Does not the finger of time, the voice of prophecy, the feeling of Europe point to the Hebrew nation ? The restoration of the Jews, under English protec tion wruld retrieve our position in the Levant, and give us a commanding station from, whence to counteract the designs of northe;n enemies. The Hebrew people are intellectually and physically one of the finest forms of the human race ; their present degradation is a natural consequence of the state of slavery and oppression under which they have been groaning for nearly two ChUliads, and it is only surprising, after such an ordeal, that they should still retain any moral worth ; but there are men among them of talent and great capabilities, and they possess in a high degree the virtues o»f fortitude," firmness, and perseverance. Their spirits have been broken and their feelings embittered under the thraldom of Mahomedan despotism and tins insults of, the world; but relieved from this cloud, and treated as men, the

natural nobility of their natu-e would be developed and they would soon assert a high rank among te the nations of the earth. Religion, patriotism, and nationality, have kept their attention fixed through ages on Palestine, to which they never doubt of returning; and their gratitude to their liberators and restorers would be unbounded, at the same time they could not by any possibility gain anything by turning against us. Russia has been disappointed in her expected occupation of Constantinople by the unwonted decision of our Government in the rapid dash on the coast of Syria which was the means of withdrawing the forces' of Ibraham Pacha from their intended march on the Bosphorus, to defend their own shores, and which precluded the necessily of our faithful ally advancing on that capital. Burning under the vexation of being foiled in this quarter,

she has tried to cause a diversion in her favour by

. Slewing the Persians (the Shah being perfectly f willing) to march on Herat. That Russian influence is paramount in Persia may be gathered from the fact that Sulimania, in Turkish A abia, was given up at their remonstrance, and an army which Mahommed Shah had levied in 1840 to march to Bagdad, was disbanded at their command; To establish a balante of power in the East we must maintain a footing either directly or indirectly in Syria ; the most advisable means of effecting which appears to be, by the restoration of the Jews under British protection. Egypt.—Our letters from Alexandria to the 22nd May, state that the Pacha had relaxed nothing in his preparations for defence. He had sent sixteen additional guns to strengthen the Pharillon fort, which he had visited in state, with the French engineer, Galise Bey, &c, on Louis Philippe's birth day. The powder carriers were again busy at midnight carrying supplies from the magazines to the Pharillon, and to the other fort near the gate of Rosetta. Sir David Wilkie had completed the Pasha's portrait, which he Avas bringing home in the Oriental, to have engraved in London. Ibrahim Pasha had left Cairo for Middle and Upper Egypt to enforce his new regulations for the more effective service of the government in military, financial, and agricultural matters. His father was urgent for supplies of men, money, and produce. The ferocious Albanian mercenaries stationed near Damietta, had a serious quarrel with the troops in the vicinity, and some blood was shed. These foreigners were quartered in great numbers in the villages on the banks of the Nile, and were universally feared and hated. The plague continued in Alexandria and Rosetta. In the latter, the cases were 25 per day in a population of 8,000. The cases at Alexandria varied daily from 13 to 31. As the Oriental was preparing to sail, intelligence arrived that a regiment of artillery, stationed at El Arich had deserted into Syria ; that Mehemet Ali had sent to recall Ibrahim Pasha down the Nile to Alexandria, and had also ordered down two more regiments from Cairo. The national guards of that city were much dissatisfied at being j draughted into regiments of the line (Nizam) i per force. State op Trade in Manchester.—Tuesday | was one of the most gloomy market-days everl known at Manchester. Notwithstanding the | general working of short time, the produce of the manufactories considerably exceeds the demand, and prices continue to recede. — Guardian. The Globe says, " The stagnation which pervade all the chief branches of our trade are disheartening. No one seems to know how it will end, unless by the introduction of salutary reforms in our Commercial policy. A large proportion of the operatives in the manufacturing districts derive subsistence from foreign trade, and if something be not done to enable th> i to compete with foreigners, they must be dii en out of Employment, which would bring on a train of j.: l _ _ ii ___!■„ i- • l - i • iv

The New Zealand Company and the Plymouth Company of New Zealand. —We believe it to be the intention of the directors of the New Zealand Company, to appropriate towards the encouragement of steam navigation Tor the benefit of the company's second settlement (to be named Nelson), £29,000, out of the purchase monies which may be derived from the sale of 201,000 acres of their land. We have heard it stated by several of the Port Nicholson land proprietors, that they think the proceedings of the company in forming this second colony rather premature and help to be injurious to the New Plymouth settlement, as well as to that of Port Nicholson, by diverting the capital and emigration, which otherwise would have been attracted thence ; be this as it may, we think that there will be some difficulty in finding 201,000 acres of available land in New Zealand and in one block for the second settlement, unless the directors have an eye upon die "Chatham Island" for this purpose, which is not unlikely, for Mr. Hanson, the company's chief commissioner for lands, states in a report addressed to the secretary of the company, dated August 12,1840 :—"ln our passage round the East of Chatham Island, Mr. Heaphy was enabled to take bearings of the different land marks, and thus to obtain a more precise idea of the figure and dimensions of the island than he had previously obtained. From the result of his observations I am inclined to believe, that the dimensions of the isjand are smaller than I had assumed, and it is probable that it does not contain more than 200,000 acres of available land. From all that 1 have seen and heard, however, 1 have reason to believe that there is no district in New Zealand, readily accessible from the sea, in which an equal extent of available land can be found : and the position of these Ulands will render their settlement highly advantageous. They are more conveniently situated as a place of rendezvous for American whalers than probably any part of Ne.v Zealand ; and probably theonly place where these fisheries nan be carried on to advantage from the shore. The formation of a settlement at* these islands would moreover be beneficial to the colonists at Port Nicholson in more respects than one. Port Nicholson would be the entrepot of their trade, aud would form the natural link of communication between their inhabitants and the mother country and Sydney, In the possible of the establishment of a steam communication between Valparaiso and New Zealand, these islands would form a station at which the vessels employed in that communication would touch. But the great immediate advantage which they offer as a source for colonization, is to be round in the extent of natural pastures which the main island offers both for cattle and sheep. The want of these natural pastures, to any great extent, forms a serious drawback to the advantages which Port Nicholson possesses. It is of the highest importance to the first settlers in a new country, that they should possess some resource independent of the cultivation of the ground Agriculture is a work which necessarily proceeds slowly in the infancy of a community, and it is an occupation which absorbs a large amount of capital before any adequate return can be expected. It is an employment, too, which requires a greater amount of labour in proportion to the capital invested than any other, especially in a country covered as is the case with New Zealand, with a dense growth of timber. Grazing, on the contrary is an employment which produces an immediate return, and demands but asm 11 amount of labor in proportion to the capital invested. In the Chatham Islands there are probably 103,000 acres of land fit for agriculture, and the remainder may at once be employed for pasturage. In this respect it offers facilities for settlement superior to those posssessed at present by any part of New Zealand which I have as yet visited, or of which we have received authentic information."— Australasian Record. Dissolution of Parliament.—lt may be interesting to our readers to state, on the eve of the forthcoming general election, the number of dissolutionsof parliament which have occurred during the last 15 years. A di solution took place in December 1826, in the reign of his late Majesty George the Fourth : another occurred in July, 1830, in consequence of the death of George the Fourth; a third dissolution was resolved by Earl Grey's ministry in April 1831, in consequence of the non-success of the new reform bill. This dissolution was considered a coup d'etat. Parliament was again dissolved at the close of the year 1832, for the purpose of having a House of Commons elected according to the provisions of the new reform act. The first reformed parliament lasted about two years, having been dissolved in December, 1834, by the new ministry, of which Sir Robert Peel was the Premier. Sir Robert Peel's parliament existed about two years and a half, when it came to " an untimely end," in consequence of the lamented demise of his late Majesty William the Fouth. It will thus be seen that the average duration of ieach of the six Parliaments which have been elecI ted from 1826 to 1837 inclusive was not more than about two years and four months (under two years and a half). The present Parliament, if dissolved, as is expected in a week or two, will not have lasted four years ; it has sat during four sessions including the present one.— Liverpool Standard. York House, the property of the public, is to be sold, and the proceeds invested in a park at Bethnal Green, in the East end of the town, for the use of the people of that portion of the me-

The Leipsic Gazette anuounces the death of Grdvini, the musical professor, at the age of 104. He was a son of the celebrated singer Galvini, who died at Rome in 1825, having reached the patriarchal age of 138. A hale and hearty female peasant, named Marie Plor, who resides in the Faubourgh of Maubeuge (Nord), and who has just entered her 100th year, having latterly lost one of her daughters, more than 80 years of age, remarked with tears in her eyes to a sympathising old drone of the neighbourhood, "Ah! Dieu de Dieu ! I always said that I never should rear that child !" Editorial Troubles.—Tlip editor .of the New York Commercial Advertiser, makes the following apology for the non-appearance of its usual commercial remarks and market intelligence : " During the week many of us were detained from duty by severe indisposition. One who attended to the advertising department was detained at home by this cause; the person who attends to the marine department was kept away by having three of his family down with the scarlet fever, one of whom died On Saturday morning, one of us who attends to the stocks and money matters, was confined to his bed during the day. The one who takes care of the office as usual, at nine o'clock, was called away to take leave of his father, who was supposed to be dying. Another, who left his family, as he supposed well, early in the morning, was notified at nine o'clock that since he had left home, his infant child had died. In addition to this, four compositors were absent on account of illness. The Chicago Democrat asks, if it is not a fact, that people' are much more liberal with their advice to Editors than with money. We say, " Yes, 'tis so, and pity 'tis 'tis so." Lifelike Portraits.— A most Valuable Tnvention.&At the Polytechnic Institution there may be at tliis moment seen one of the most extraordinary discoveries.of the present day. It is one by which " in less than the fourth part of a minute" a person's picture is drawn, not by the hand of man, but impressed by the unerring marks of nature herself, and rendered lasting to all time. The instrument by which this is effected is called Wolcott's Reflecting Apparatus By its means, a person who wishes to have his portrait taken is pi,teed in a chair. He is desired to sit there for a moment or two, and then—in less time even than he may take to read thus far of this paragraph, he is told that his likness is taken : and such a likeness—it is the very man himself—it is he even to the minutest hair and slightest shade of complexion. It is as muah, as truly, and as fully so as he sees himself in the most accurate looking-glass, but wi*h this advantage, that the photographic likeness is the image as it we:e removed from the surface of the mirror, and mude perpetual. It is an everlasting memorial of the man, at the mom-nt it is taken, and therefore the most v;.hiabie to his family and friends. It is a discovery which not only saves the sitter from the tedium of being fixed in the same posture for many an hour; but it affords to artists themselves the surest guide for copying likenesses, whether in miniature or in oil-painting, as large as life. To the public such a discovery is invaluable, while it must prove the ruin of those myriads of pretenders, who charge their dupes various sums of money for selling them daubed pieces of ivory, that are anything but resemblances of the purchasers. It is, we think, to the honor of Mr. Beard, the patentee of the Wolcott Apparatus, that he has determined, by the smallness of the price he charges (but one guinea, including a very beautiful frame,) to give nearly every class of the public the opportunity of availing themselves of this most important, valuable, and interesting discovery.— Morning Chronicle. Exports and Imports.—The total exports of the United Kingdom, .calculated at the official rates of valuation, for, the year 1839, were £105,170,549. Tne value of the produce and manufactures, according to the real or declared value there of, for said year, £50,060,970. For 1840, the comparative results of exports as above, are £110,198,716 and £53,233,580; and for 1841, £116,479,678 and £51,406,430. The returns for Ireland show an increase of men and ships employed in navigation belonging to the ports of that country for each year. In the year ending 31st of December last, the vessels so employed are stated at 1969 ; the tonnage, 183,854; and the men, 11,927. The vessels built in 1839 were 40 ; tonnage, 2617. In 1840, ships built, 49; tonnage, 3115. It appears that our imports in 1841 are £5,527,345 greater than in 1840, while our exports last year have diminished £1,804,953. Strange Mode of obtaining Salt in Egypt —The consumption of salt is considerable in Egypt, and strange are the means used for obtaining it. At Abydos, the Arabs open the mummies, take out the inner parts, which they put into water, and say they furnish excellent salt. They sometimes get salt from the sand in which the mummies lie ; but more frequently from the bodies themselves. In some of the spots remote from the Nile, a sand stone impregnated with salt is found ; and I met with peasants who informed me that they were in the habit of breaking up the stones and soaking them in the water, which water, when exposed to the sun's rays, furnished them with crystals of salt.— Bowrings Report on Egypt. There are now 2270 miles of railroads completed, or nearly completed in the United States, besides 2346 miles of railroads in progress of construction, making a total (when finished) of

i A gentleman of fortune in Berkshire, who kept I three servant maids, was married to one of them J time back, and a week after his two sons j followed his example by marrying the other two. Vaccination.—Out of 60,000 cases of small pox which occur annually on an average in England and Wales, 12,000, or one in every five, die of the disease. The spread of so fatal a pestilence is due to prejudice against, or ignorance or neglect of, the remedy of vaccination. American Cotton Crops.—The cotton year, as it is called, of the United States, just ended, gives the enormous crop of 2,200,000 bales. The entire exports from the United States to foreign parts, according to the official petunia from October 1, 1839, to October 1, 1840, so far as published, were 1,864,219 btiles. Same time in the previous year, the exports were only 1,071,424 bales. The increase is therefore enormous. The value of cotton exported from New Orleans during the past year, was, to Liverpool, 18,520,0Q0d5.; Boston, 2,120,002d5.; Havre, 8,22@.000d5.; New York, 1,880,000d5. Tight sleeves and large plumes are all the rage. , in Paris. Some ladies wear seven of the latter in j their dresses. M. Thiers and Loujs Philippe.—-There is an on dit, that on the formation of the Ministry of the first of March, M. Thiers, in order to arrange his affairs, then in a very dilapidated condition, received as a loan from the King 500,000 francs, to be repaid by him when he receives that sum for his History of the Consulate and the Empire, which renders his present position very.' embarrassing. The Leipsic Gazette states fro:, that the Minister of Justice has issued an order for the suppression of all Latin and French terms in.legal documents and proceedings, and for the adoption, of a plain style which can be understood by the people in general. The French Navy.—The number of men-of-war of all rates which compose the French navy, and which are armed, is 199 ; 20 of the line, of which four are of 120 guns, two of 100, three of 90, four of 86, and seven of 80 ; 22 frigates, of which five are of 60 guns, one of 58, five of 52, three of 50, seven of 46, and one of 40. The Lath Elopement from Piuus.—The Polish cavalier who ran away a few days since with the Princess of Spain, daughter of the Infant , Don Francisco, has received the reward of his oudacitv by being honoured with the consent of the Prince and Princess to his legal marriage with the headstrong and weak-hearted young lady. The only condition imposed by the parents is, that the happy couple are to be happy out of, and not in, France.. They are prohibited from crossing the frontier, and have all Europe open to them, with the exception of the Eden of Spain and its northern limit, France. The Poles,have become the rage at Paris since this adventure, and every gentleman with a " sky" to his name, is deemed quite celestial.— John Ball. A General Jackson.—-The fo lowing from a late number of the Louisville Journal, will be read with pain : - "A few weeks ago, we saw a letter from General Jackson to a gentleman who had drawn on him for one hundred dollars. Ho acknowledged that the money was due, but stated that he was so miserably embarrassed by his security debts, as to be utterly unable to raise the small sum necessary to meet the draft. He said he had some blooded stock which he was willing to give up to the drawer of the draft, but that 100 dollars in money was out of the question." Make way for Royalty.—On one of the Emperor Alexander's visits to Warsaw, there not having been time to clear the streets of a quantity of mud which had been scraped into heaps, the Russian authorities ordered the windows on the ground floor of the houses to be open, and the mud thrown into the rooms. It is said' that the new census will cost" the country about £30.0,000. Population of New York.—lf we estimate the population of New York and its immediate suburbs in the same way that London, Paris, Constantinople, Moscow, Pekin, and other large cities of the world, are estimated, we will find it to contain a population as follows: — New York pr0per............ 312,688 Williamsburgh 36,233 Brooklyn 5,904 Jersey City (estimated) ...... 2,000 Hoboken 1,000 Aggregate population of New York > oc 7 005 and suburbs ................ ) In 1850, if we go on at this rate, New York will almost touch half a million. — New York Paper. A Costly Experiment.—Among the miscellaneous estimates for the current year is an item of £30,000 for completing the "Model Prison," in Copenhagen-fields; in addition to £25,000 and £20,000, voted in the years 1839 and 1840 ; making the total cost of the experiment £75,000. In Canada, the elections for the United Provinces, which are the only subject of public interest mentioned in the American papers,, appear to be going in favor of the government or constitutional party. In Lower Canada, the French party has a majority of six, but in the United Legislature they are in a minority of twelve. The Queen has signified, through the Secretary of State for the Home Department, her intention of becoming patroness of the Irish Agricultural Society. The committee have accordingly determined on calling it "The Roval Irish Ap-pmiH-o^